1
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LeBlang CJ, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Silagi ES, Dasgupta S, Tsolias M, Miller T, Petrova V, Zhen S, Jovanovic V, Castellano D, Gerrish K, Ormanoglu P, Tristan C, Singeç I, Woolf CJ, Tasdemir-Yilmaz O, Segal RA. Satellite glial contact enhances differentiation and maturation of human iPSC-derived sensory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.604966. [PMID: 39211268 PMCID: PMC11361066 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sensory neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iSNs) are used to model human peripheral neuropathies, however current differentiation protocols produce sensory neurons with an embryonic phenotype. Peripheral glial cells contact sensory neurons early in development and contribute to formation of the canonical pseudounipolar morphology, but these signals are not encompassed in current iSN differentiation protocols. Here, we show that terminal differentiation of iSNs in co-culture with rodent Dorsal Root Ganglion satellite glia (rSG) advances their differentiation and maturation. Co-cultured iSNs develop a pseudounipolar morphology through contact with rSGs. This transition depends on semaphorin-plexin guidance cues and on glial gap junction signaling. In addition to morphological changes, iSNs terminally differentiated in co-culture exhibit enhanced spontaneous action potential firing, more mature gene expression, and increased susceptibility to paclitaxel induced axonal degeneration. Thus, iSNs differentiated in coculture with rSGs provide a better model for investigating human peripheral neuropathies.
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2
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Hong VM, Rade AD, Yan SM, Bhaskara A, Yousuf MS, Chen M, Martin SF, Liebl DJ, Price TJ, Kolber BJ. Loss of Sigma-2 Receptor/TMEM97 Is Associated with Neuropathic Injury-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Female Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0488-23.2024. [PMID: 38866499 PMCID: PMC11228697 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0488-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ligands that bind to sigma-2 receptor/TMEM97 (s2R/TMEM97), a transmembrane protein, have anxiolytic/antidepressant-like properties and relieve neuropathic pain-like effects in rodents. Despite medical interest in s2R/TMEM97, little affective and pain behavioral characterization has been done using transgenic mice, which limits the development of s2R/TMEM97 as a viable therapeutic target. Using wild-type (WT) and global Tmem97 knock-out (KO) mice, we sought to identify the contribution of Tmem97 in modulating affective and pain-like behaviors using a battery of affective and pain assays, including open field, light/dark preference, elevated plus maze, forced swim test, tail suspension test, and the mechanical sensitivity tests. Our results demonstrate that female Tmem97 KO mice show less anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in light/dark preference and tail suspension tests but not in an open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim tests at baseline. We next performed spared nerve injury in WT and Tmem97 KO mice to assess the role of Tmem97 in neuropathic pain-induced anxiety and depression. WT mice, but not Tmem97 KO mice, developed a prolonged neuropathic pain-induced depressive-like phenotype when tested 10 weeks after nerve injury in females. Our results show that Tmem97 plays a role in modulating anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors in naive animals with a significant change in the presence of nerve injury in female mice. Overall, these data demonstrate that Tmem97 could be a target to alleviate affective comorbidities of pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Avaneesh D Rade
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Shen M Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Amulya Bhaskara
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33146
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Benedict J Kolber
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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3
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Zampieri D, Romano M, Fortuna S, Amata E, Dichiara M, Cosentino G, Marrazzo A, Mamolo MG. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Assessment of New Haloperidol Analogues as Potential Anticancer Compounds Targeting Sigma Receptors. Molecules 2024; 29:2697. [PMID: 38893570 PMCID: PMC11173765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors (SRs), including SR1 and SR2 subtypes, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their involvement in a wide range of activities, including the modulation of opioid analgesia, neuroprotection, and potential anticancer activity. In this context, haloperidol (HAL), a commonly used antipsychotic drug, also possesses SR activity and cytotoxic effects. Herein, we describe the identification of novel SR ligands, obtained by a chemical hybridization approach. There wereendowed with pan-affinity for both SR subtypes and evaluated their potential anticancer activity against SH-SY5Y and HUH-7 cancer cell lines. Through a chemical hybridization approach, we identified novel compounds (4d, 4e, 4g, and 4j) with dual affinity for SR1 and SR2 receptors. These compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity testing using a resazurin assay. The results revealed potent cytotoxic effects against both cancer cell lines, with IC50 values comparable to HAL. Interestingly, the cytotoxic potency of the novel compounds resembled that of the SR1 antagonist HAL rather than the SR2 agonist siramesine (SRM), indicating the potential role of SR1 antagonism in their mechanism of action. The further exploration of their structure-activity relationships and their evaluation in additional cancer cell lines will elucidate their therapeutic potential and may pave the way for the development of novel anticancer agents that target SRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Cresset-New Cambridge House, Bassingbourn Road, Litlington, Cambridge SG8 0SS, UK;
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.A.); (M.D.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.A.); (M.D.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.A.); (M.D.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.A.); (M.D.); (G.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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4
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Breitwieser GE, Cippitelli A, Wang Y, Pelletier O, Dershem R, Wei J, Toll L, Fakhoury B, Brunori G, Metpally R, Carey DJ, Robishaw J. Rare GPR37L1 Variants Reveal Potential Association between GPR37L1 and Disorders of Anxiety and Migraine. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1226232024. [PMID: 38569927 PMCID: PMC11089846 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1226-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
GPR37L1 is an orphan receptor that couples through heterotrimeric G-proteins to regulate physiological functions. Since its role in humans is not fully defined, we used an unbiased computational approach to assess the clinical significance of rare G-protein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 (GPR37L1) genetic variants found among 51,289 whole-exome sequences from the DiscovEHR cohort. Rare GPR37L1 coding variants were binned according to predicted pathogenicity and analyzed by sequence kernel association testing to reveal significant associations with disease diagnostic codes for epilepsy and migraine, among others. Since associations do not prove causality, rare GPR37L1 variants were functionally analyzed in SK-N-MC cells to evaluate potential signaling differences and pathogenicity. Notably, receptor variants exhibited varying abilities to reduce cAMP levels, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and/or upregulate receptor expression in response to the agonist prosaptide (TX14(A)), as compared with the wild-type receptor. In addition to signaling changes, knock-out (KO) of GPR37L1 or expression of certain rare variants altered cellular cholesterol levels, which were also acutely regulated by administration of the agonist TX14(A) via activation of the MAPK pathway. Finally, to simulate the impact of rare nonsense variants found in the large patient cohort, a KO mouse line lacking Gpr37l1 was generated. Although KO animals did not recapitulate an acute migraine phenotype, the loss of this receptor produced sex-specific changes in anxiety-related disorders often seen in chronic migraineurs. Collectively, these observations define the existence of rare GPR37L1 variants associated with neuropsychiatric conditions in the human population and identify the signaling changes contributing to pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda E Breitwieser
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Yingcai Wang
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Oliver Pelletier
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Ridge Dershem
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Jianning Wei
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Bianca Fakhoury
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Gloria Brunori
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | | | - David J Carey
- Geisinger, Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet Robishaw
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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5
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Farhat NY, Alexander D, McKee K, Iben J, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Wassif CA, Cawley NX, Balch WE, Porter FD. Sterol O-Acyltransferase 1 ( SOAT1): A Genetic Modifier of Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4217. [PMID: 38673803 PMCID: PMC11050712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal disorder due to impaired intracellular cholesterol transport out of the endolysosomal compartment.. Marked heterogeneity has been observed in individuals with the same NPC1 genotype, thus suggesting a significant effect of modifier genes. Prior work demonstrated that decreased SOAT1 activity decreased disease severity in an NPC1 mouse model. Thus, we hypothesized that a polymorphism associated with decreased SOAT1 expression might influence the NPC1 phenotype. Phenotyping and genomic sequencing of 117 individuals with NPC1 was performed as part of a Natural History trial. Phenotyping included determination of disease severity and disease burden. Significant clinical heterogeneity is present in individuals homozygous for the NPC1I1061T variant and in siblings. Analysis of the SOAT1 polymorphism, rs1044925 (A>C), showed a significant association of the C-allele with earlier age of neurological onset. The C-allele may be associated with a higher Annualized Severity Index Score as well as increased frequency of liver disease and seizures. A polymorphism associated with decreased expression of SOAT1 appears to be a genetic modifier of the NPC1 phenotype. This finding is consistent with prior data showing decreased phenotypic severity in Npc1-/-:Soat1-/- mice and supports efforts to investigate the potential of SOAT1 inhibitors as a potential therapy for NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y. Farhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - Derek Alexander
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - Kyli McKee
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jorge L. Rodriguez-Gil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - Niamh X. Cawley
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
| | - William E. Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.Y.F.); (D.A.); (K.M.); (C.A.W.); (N.X.C.)
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6
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Li J, Shen H, Guo LW. Transmembrane protein TMEM97 and epigenetic reader BAHCC1 constitute an axis that supports pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111069. [PMID: 38290642 PMCID: PMC10997414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a key etiology in retinal degenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. TMEM97 is a scarcely studied transmembrane protein recently implicated in retinal degeneration. BAH domain coiled coil 1 (BAHCC1) is a newly discovered histone code reader involved in oncogenesis. A role for TMEM97 and BAHCC1 in RPE inflammation was not known. Here we found that they constitute a novel axis regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in RPE cells. Transcriptomic analysis using a TMEM97-/- ARPE19 human cell line and the validation via TMEM97 loss- and gain-of-function revealed a profound role of TMEM97 in promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL1β and CCL2, and unexpectedly BAHCC1 as well. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation indicated an association between the TMEM97 and BAHCC1 proteins. While TMEM97 ablation decreased and its overexpression increased NFκB (p50, p52, p65), the master transcription factor for pro-inflammatory cytokines, silencing BAHCC1 down-regulated NFκB and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in an RPE-damage retinal degeneration mouse model, immunofluorescence illustrated down-regulation of IL1β and CCL2 total proteins and suppression of glial activation in the retina of Tmem97-/- mice compared to Tmem97+/+ mice. Thus, TMEM97 is a novel determinant of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression acting via a previously unknown TMEM97- > BAHCC1- > NFκB cascade. SYNOPSIS: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) inflammation can lead to blindness. We identify here a previously uncharacterized cascade that underlies RPE cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, transmembrane protein TMEM97 positively regulates the recently discovered histone code reader BAHCC1, which in turn enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the transcription factor NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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7
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Walby GD, Gu Q, Yang H, Martin SF. Structure-Affinity relationships of novel σ 2R/TMEM97 ligands. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107191. [PMID: 38432153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R), which was recently identified as the transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), is increasingly attracting interest as a possible therapeutic target for indications in neuroscience. Toward identifying novel modulators of σ2R/TMEM97, we prepared a collection of benzoxazocine, benzomorphan, and methanobenzazepine ligands related to the known bioactive norbenzomorphans DKR-1677, FEM-1689, and EES-1686 and determined their Ki values for σ2R/TMEM97 and the sigma 1 receptor (σ1R). The σ2R/TMEM97 binding affinities and selectivities relative to σ1R of these new benzoxazocine, benzomorphan, and methanobenzazepine analogs are lower, often significantly lower, than their respective norbenzomorphan counterparts, suggesting the spatial orientation of pharmacophoric substituents is critical for binding to the two proteins. The benzoxazocine, benzomorphan, and methanobenzazepine congeners of DKR-1677 and FEM-1689 tend to be weakly selective for σ2R/TMEM97 versus σ1R, whereas EES-1686 derivatives exhibit the greatest selectivity, suggesting the size and/or nature of the substituent on the nitrogen atom of the scaffold may be important for selectivity. Computational docking studies were performed for the 1S,5R-and 1R,5S-enantiomers of DKR-1677, FEM-1689, and EES-1686 and their benzoxazocine, benzomorphan, and methanobenzazepine counterparts. These computations predict that the protonated amino group of each ligand forms a highly conserved salt bridge and a H-bonding interaction with Asp29 as well as a cation-π interaction with Tyr150 of σ2R/TMEM97. These electrostatic interactions are major driving forces for binding to σ2R/TMEM97 and are similar, though not identical, for each ligand. Other interactions within the well-defined binding pocket also tend to be comparable, but there are some major differences in how the hydrophobic aryl groups of various ligands interact with the protein surface external to the binding pocket. Overall, these studies show that the orientations of aryl and N-substituents on the norbenzomorphan and related scaffolds are important determinants of binding affinity of σ2R/TMEM97 ligands, and small changes can have significant effects upon binding profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant D Walby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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8
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Colom-Cadena M, Toombs J, Simzer E, Holt K, McGeachan R, Tulloch J, Jackson RJ, Catterson JH, Spires-Jones MP, Rose J, Waybright L, Caggiano AO, King D, Gobbo F, Davies C, Hooley M, Dunnett S, Tempelaar R, Meftah S, Tzioras M, Hamby ME, Izzo NJ, Catalano SM, Durrant CS, Smith C, Dando O, Spires-Jones TL. Transmembrane protein 97 is a potential synaptic amyloid beta receptor in human Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:32. [PMID: 38319380 PMCID: PMC10847197 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Synapse loss correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) is implicated in synaptic dysfunction and loss. An important knowledge gap is the lack of understanding of how Aβ leads to synapse degeneration. In particular, there has been difficulty in determining whether there is a synaptic receptor that binds Aβ and mediates toxicity. While many candidates have been observed in model systems, their relevance to human AD brain remains unknown. This is in part due to methodological limitations preventing visualization of Aβ binding at individual synapses. To overcome this limitation, we combined two high resolution microscopy techniques: array tomography and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to image over 1 million individual synaptic terminals in temporal cortex from AD (n = 11) and control cases (n = 9). Within presynapses and post-synaptic densities, oligomeric Aβ generates a FRET signal with transmembrane protein 97. Further, Aβ generates a FRET signal with cellular prion protein, and post-synaptic density 95 within post synapses. Transmembrane protein 97 is also present in a higher proportion of post synapses in Alzheimer's brain compared to controls. We inhibited Aβ/transmembrane protein 97 interaction in a mouse model of amyloidopathy by treating with the allosteric modulator CT1812. CT1812 drug concentration correlated negatively with synaptic FRET signal between transmembrane protein 97 and Aβ. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons, transmembrane protein 97 is present in synapses and colocalizes with Aβ when neurons are challenged with human Alzheimer's brain homogenate. Transcriptional changes are induced by Aβ including changes in genes involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. CT1812 treatment of these neurons caused changes in gene sets involved in synaptic function. These data support a role for transmembrane protein 97 in the synaptic binding of Aβ in human Alzheimer's disease brain where it may mediate synaptotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Colom-Cadena
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jamie Toombs
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Simzer
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kristjan Holt
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert McGeachan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jane Tulloch
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Rosemary J Jackson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - James H Catterson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Maxwell P Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jamie Rose
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | | | | | - Declan King
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caitlin Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Monique Hooley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sophie Dunnett
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert Tempelaar
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Soraya Meftah
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Makis Tzioras
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH12 9DQ, UK
| | - Mary E Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | | | | | - Claire S Durrant
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4HB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
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9
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Manco M, Ammirata G, Petrillo S, De Giorgio F, Fontana S, Riganti C, Provero P, Fagoonee S, Altruda F, Tolosano E. FLVCR1a Controls Cellular Cholesterol Levels through the Regulation of Heme Biosynthesis and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Flux in Endothelial Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:149. [PMID: 38397386 PMCID: PMC10887198 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus C receptor 1a (FLVCR1a), initially identified as a retroviral receptor and localized on the plasma membrane, has emerged as a crucial regulator of heme homeostasis. Functioning as a positive regulator of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, FLVCR1a influences TCA cycle cataplerosis, thus impacting TCA flux and interconnected metabolic pathways. This study reveals an unexplored link between FLVCR1a, heme synthesis, and cholesterol production in endothelial cells. Using cellular models with manipulated FLVCR1a expression and inducible endothelial-specific Flvcr1a-null mice, we demonstrate that FLVCR1a-mediated control of heme synthesis regulates citrate availability for cholesterol synthesis, thereby influencing cellular cholesterol levels. Moreover, alterations in FLVCR1a expression affect membrane cholesterol content and fluidity, supporting a role for FLVCR1a in the intricate regulation of processes crucial for vascular development and endothelial function. Our results underscore FLVCR1a as a positive regulator of heme synthesis, emphasizing its integration with metabolic pathways involved in cellular energy metabolism. Furthermore, this study suggests that the dysregulation of heme metabolism may have implications for modulating lipid metabolism. We discuss these findings in the context of FLVCR1a's potential heme-independent function as a choline importer, introducing additional complexity to the interplay between heme and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manco
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Ammirata
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco De Giorgio
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Corso Massimo D’Azeglio 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Center for Omics Sciences, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy; (M.M.); (G.A.); (S.P.); (F.D.G.); (S.F.); (C.R.); (S.F.); (F.A.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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10
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Yousuf MS, Sahn JJ, Yang H, David ET, Shiers S, Mancilla Moreno M, Iketem J, Royer DM, Garcia CD, Zhang J, Hong VM, Mian SM, Ahmad A, Kolber BJ, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Price TJ. Highly specific σ 2R/TMEM97 ligand FEM-1689 alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the integrated stress response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306090120. [PMID: 38117854 PMCID: PMC10756276 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306090120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). We and others have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse neuropathic pain models with a time course wherein maximal antinociceptive effect is approximately 24 h following dosing. We sought to understand this unique antineuropathic pain effect by addressing two key questions: do these σ2R/TMEM97 compounds act selectively via the receptor, and what is their downstream mechanism on nociceptive neurons? Using male and female conventional knockout mice for Tmem97, we find that a σ2R/TMEM97 binding compound, FEM-1689, requires the presence of the gene to produce antinociception in the spared nerve injury model in mice. Using primary mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, we demonstrate that FEM-1689 inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) and promotes neurite outgrowth via a σ2R/TMEM97-specific action. We extend the clinical translational value of these findings by showing that FEM-1689 reduces ISR and p-eIF2α levels in human sensory neurons and that it alleviates the pathogenic engagement of ISR by methylglyoxal. We also demonstrate that σ2R/TMEM97 is expressed in human nociceptors and satellite glial cells. These results validate σ2R/TMEM97 as a promising target for further development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
| | - James J. Sahn
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Marisol Mancilla Moreno
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Jonathan Iketem
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Danielle M. Royer
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Chelsea D. Garcia
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Veronica M. Hong
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Subhaan M. Mian
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Daniel J. Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL33136
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- NuvoNuro Inc., Austin, TX78712
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11
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Yousuf MS, Sahn JJ, Yang H, David ET, Shiers S, Moreno MM, Iketem J, Royer DM, Garcia CD, Zhang J, Hong VM, Mian SM, Ahmad A, Kolber BJ, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Price TJ. Highly specific σ 2R/TMEM97 ligand alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the integrated stress response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536439. [PMID: 37090527 PMCID: PMC10120691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The Sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was described pharmacologically more than three decades ago, but its molecular identity remained obscure until recently when it was identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). We and others have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse neuropathic pain models with a time course wherein maximal anti-nociceptive effect is approximately 24 hours following dosing. We sought to understand this unique anti-neuropathic pain effect by addressing two key questions: do these σ2R/TMEM97 compounds act selectively via the receptor, and what is their downstream mechanism on nociceptive neurons? Using male and female conventional knockout (KO) mice for Tmem97, we find that a new σ2R/TMEM97 binding compound, FEM-1689, requires the presence of the gene to produce anti-nociception in the spared nerve injury model in mice. Using primary mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we demonstrate that FEM-1689 inhibits the integrated stress response (ISR) and promotes neurite outgrowth via a σ2R/TMEM97-specific action. We extend the clinical translational value of these findings by showing that FEM-1689 reduces ISR and p-eIF2α levels in human sensory neurons and that it alleviates the pathogenic engagement of ISR by methylglyoxal. We also demonstrate that σ2R/TMEM97 is expressed in human nociceptors and satellite glial cells. These results validate σ2R/TMEM97 as a promising target for further development for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Yousuf
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Marisol Mancilla Moreno
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Jonathan Iketem
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Danielle M. Royer
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Chelsea D. Garcia
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Veronica M. Hong
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Subhaan M. Mian
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Ayesha Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | | | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies and Department of Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
- NuvoNuro, Austin, TX 78712
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12
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Parente M, Tonini C, Segatto M, Pallottini V. Regulation of cholesterol metabolism: New players for an old physiological process. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1449-1465. [PMID: 37796135 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Identified more than two centuries ago, cholesterol plays a pivotal role in human physiology. Since cholesterol metabolism is a physiologically significant process, it is not surprising that its alterations are associated with several pathologies. The discovery of new molecular targets or compounds able to modulate this sophisticated metabolism has been capturing the attention of research groups worldwide since many years. Endogenous and exogenous compounds are known to regulate cellular cholesterol synthesis and uptake, or reduce cholesterol absorption at the intestinal level, thereby regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, there is a great need of new modulators and diverse new pathways have been uncovered. Here, after illustrating cholesterol metabolism and its well-known regulators, some new players of this important physiological process are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology Metabolism and Neuropharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso Fiorano, Rome, Italy
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13
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Wang T, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang X, Mou T, An X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Deuther-Conrad W, Huang Y, Jia H. Development of a Highly Specific 18F-Labeled Radioligand for Imaging of the Sigma-2 Receptor in Brain Tumors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12840-12857. [PMID: 37704582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel ligands with the 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline or 5,6-dimethoxyisoindoline pharmacophore were designed and synthesized for evaluation of their structure-activity relationship to the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor and developed as suitable PET radioligands. Compound 1 was found to possess nanomolar affinity (Ki(σ1) = 2.57 nM) for the σ2 receptor, high subtype selectivity (>2000-fold), and high selectivity over 40 other receptors and transporters. Radioligand [18F]1 was prepared with radiochemical yield of 37-54%, > 99% radiochemical purity, and molar activity of 107-189 GBq/μmol. Biodistribution and blocking studies in mice and micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]1 in rats indicated excellent binding specificity to the σ2 receptors in vivo. Micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]1 in the U87MG glioma xenograft model demonstrated clear tumor visualization with high tumor uptake and tumor-to-background ratio. Co-injection with CM398 (5 μmol/kg) led to a remarkable reduction of tumor uptake (80%, 60-70 min), indicating high specific binding of [18F]1 in U87MG glioma xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leyuan Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tiantian Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaodan An
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8048, United States
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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14
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Wang T, Jia H. The Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12025. [PMID: 37569401 PMCID: PMC10418732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are a class of unique proteins with two subtypes: the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor which is situated at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), and the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor, located in the ER-resident membrane. Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of both σ1 and σ2 receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus these receptors represent two potentially effective biomarkers for emerging AD therapies. The availability of optimal radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of the σ1 and σ2 receptors in humans will provide tools to monitor AD progression and treatment outcomes. In this review, we first summarize the significance of both receptors in the pathophysiology of AD and highlight AD therapeutic strategies related to the σ1 and σ2 receptors. We then survey the potential PET radioligands, with an emphasis on the requirements of optimal radioligands for imaging the σ1 or σ2 receptors in humans. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors, and the opportunities for neuroimaging to elucidate the σ1 and σ2 receptors as novel biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, and for monitoring of disease progression and AD drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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Breitwieser GE, Cippitelli A, Wang Y, Pelletier O, Dershem R, Wei J, Toll L, Fakhoury B, Brunori G, Metpally R, Carey DJ, Robishaw J. Rare GPR37L1 variants reveal potential roles in anxiety and migraine disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547546. [PMID: 37461723 PMCID: PMC10349990 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
GPR37L1 is an orphan receptor that couples through heterotrimeric G-proteins to regulate physiological functions. Since its role in humans is not fully defined, we used an unbiased computational approach to assess the clinical significance of rare GPR37L1 genetic variants found among 51,289 whole exome sequences from the DiscovEHR cohort. Briefly, rare GPR37L1 coding variants were binned according to predicted pathogenicity, and analyzed by Sequence Kernel Association testing to reveal significant associations with disease diagnostic codes for epilepsy and migraine, among others. Since associations do not prove causality, rare GPR37L1 variants were then functionally analyzed in SK-N-MC cells to evaluate potential signaling differences and pathogenicity. Notably, receptor variants exhibited varying abilities to reduce cAMP levels, activate MAPK signaling, and/or upregulate receptor expression in response to the agonist prosaptide (TX14(A)), as compared to the wild-type receptor. In addition to signaling changes, knockout of GPR37L1 or expression of certain rare variants altered cellular cholesterol levels, which were also acutely regulated by administration of the agonist TX14(A) via activation of the MAPK pathway. Finally, to simulate the impact of rare nonsense variants found in the large patient cohort, a knockout (KO) mouse line lacking Gpr37L1 was generated, revealing loss of this receptor produced sex-specific changes implicated in migraine-related disorders. Collectively, these observations define the existence of rare GPR37L1 variants in the human population that are associated with neuropsychiatric conditions and identify the underlying signaling changes that are implicated in the in vivo actions of this receptor in pathological processes leading to anxiety and migraine. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a diverse group of membrane receptors that contribute to a wide range of diseases and serve as effective drug targets. However, a number of these receptors have no identified ligands or functions, i.e., orphan receptors. Over the past decade, advances have been made, but there is a need for identifying new strategies to reveal their roles in health and disease. Our results highlight the utility of rare variant analyses of orphan receptors for identifying human disease associations, coupled with functional analyses in relevant cellular and animal systems, to ultimately reveal their roles as novel drug targets for treatment of neurological disorders that lack wide-spread efficacy.
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Sorbi C, Belluti S, Atene CG, Marocchi F, Linciano P, Roy N, Paradiso E, Casarini L, Ronsisvalle S, Zanocco-Marani T, Brasili L, Lanfrancone L, Imbriano C, Di Rocco G, Franchini S. BS148 Reduces the Aggressiveness of Metastatic Melanoma via Sigma-2 Receptor Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119684. [PMID: 37298633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of advanced-stage melanoma is clinically challenging, mainly because of its resistance to the currently available therapies. Therefore, it is important to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R) is overexpressed in proliferating tumor cells and represents a promising vulnerability to target. Indeed, we have recently identified a potent S2R modulator (BS148) that is effective in melanoma. To elucidate its mechanism of action, we designed and synthesized a BS148 fluorescent probe that enters SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells as assessed using confocal microscopy analysis. We show that S2R knockdown significantly reduces the anti-proliferative effect induced by BS148 administration, indicating the engagement of S2R in BS148-mediated cytotoxicity. Interestingly, BS148 treatment showed similar molecular effects to S2R RNA interference-mediated knockdown. We demonstrate that BS148 administration activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response through the upregulation of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) genes, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, we show that BS148 treatment downregulates genes related to the cholesterol pathway and activates the MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, we translate our results into patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells, proving that BS148 treatment reduces melanoma cell viability and migration. These results demonstrate that BS148 is able to inhibit metastatic melanoma cell proliferation and migration through its interaction with the S2R and confirm its role as a promising target to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sorbi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Giacinto Atene
- Hematology Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Marocchi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neena Roy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Ospedale di Baggiovara, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zanocco-Marani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Brasili
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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17
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Lu Y, Gu Q, Martin SF. Structure-affinity relationships of stereoisomers of norbenzomorphan-derived σ 2R/TMEM97 modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115488. [PMID: 37247506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R), which is identical to transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), is attracting increasing interest as a possible therapeutic target for various indications in neuroscience. In continuation of a program to identify novel compounds that bind with high affinity and selectivity to σ2R/TMEM97, we performed structure-affinity-relationship (SAfiR) studies of several sets of σ2R/TMEM97 ligands having a B-norbenzomorphan ring core. Binding data for σ2R/TMEM97 and σ1R of several enantiomeric pairs of piperazine-substituted norbenzomorphans show the (1S,5R)-enantiomers have affinities (Ki = 9-75 nM) for σ2R/TMEM97 that are 2-3-fold higher than their enantiomorphic (1R,5S)-analogs; however, there is no clear trend for selectivity for σ2R/TMEM97 vs σ1R. A series of N-alkyl piperazino (1S,5R)-norbenzomorphans was then evaluated, and with the exception of compounds having N-alkyl groups substituted with oxygen or amino groups at C (2) of an ethylene chain, Ki values for σ2R/TMEM97 are less than 25 nM, and several compounds have good selectivities (ca 7-16-fold) for σ2R/TMEM97 vs σ1R. Mono-substituted carbobenzyloxy analogs have Ki values for σ2R/TMEM97 comparable to the unsubstituted parent (Ki = ca 7-27 nM), but replacing the N-acyloxy group with N-acyl or N-arylsulfonyl groups provides analogs having lower affinity and selectivity. Some congeners with bioisosteric replacements of the piperazine group on the (1S,5R)-norbenzomorphan core have high affinity (Ki = <30 nM) for σ2R/TMEM97, but selectivities are modest. Computational docking studies for racemic pairs of piperazino norbenzomorphans show that individual (1S,5R)- and (1R,5S)-enantiomers adopt distinct poses upon binding to σ2R/TMEM97, whereas ligands belongingto the same enantiomeric series adopt closely similar binding poses. The protonated amino group in each of the enantiomorphic ligands engages in highly conserved salt bridges with Asp29 and cation-π interactions with Tyr150 that are the primary determinants of binding affinity. There is no correlation between any of the computational parameter outputs and Ki values, but this is unsurprising given the small energetic differences involved. Modeling also suggest sthat some compounds can extend deeper into σ2R/TMEM97 binding pocket forming salt bridges with Glu73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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18
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Hamilton MC, Fife JD, Akinci E, Yu T, Khowpinitchai B, Cha M, Barkal S, Thi TT, Yeo GH, Ramos Barroso JP, Francoeur MJ, Velimirovic M, Gifford DK, Lettre G, Yu H, Cassa CA, Sherwood RI. Systematic elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlying cholesterol uptake. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100304. [PMID: 37228746 PMCID: PMC10203276 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation contributes greatly to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and coronary artery disease risk. By combining analysis of rare coding variants from the UK Biobank and genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and activation screening, we substantially improve the identification of genes whose disruption alters serum LDL-C levels. We identify 21 genes in which rare coding variants significantly alter LDL-C levels at least partially through altered LDL-C uptake. We use co-essentiality-based gene module analysis to show that dysfunction of the RAB10 vesicle transport pathway leads to hypercholesterolemia in humans and mice by impairing surface LDL receptor levels. Further, we demonstrate that loss of function of OTX2 leads to robust reduction in serum LDL-C levels in mice and humans by increasing cellular LDL-C uptake. Altogether, we present an integrated approach that improves our understanding of the genetic regulators of LDL-C levels and provides a roadmap for further efforts to dissect complex human disease genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Hamilton
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D. Fife
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ersin Akinci
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian Yu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benyapa Khowpinitchai
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minsun Cha
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sammy Barkal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thi Tun Thi
- Precision Medicine Research Programme, Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace H.T. Yeo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos Barroso
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Jake Francoeur
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minja Velimirovic
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David K. Gifford
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Haojie Yu
- Precision Medicine Research Programme, Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher A. Cassa
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard I. Sherwood
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Shan H, Fei T. CRISPR screening in cardiovascular research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175849. [PMID: 37123412 PMCID: PMC10130668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent and widespread application of CRISPR-based genome editing tools have revolutionized biomedical research and beyond. Taking advantage of high perturbation efficiency and scalability, CRISPR screening has been regarded as one of the most powerful technologies in functional genomics which allows investigation of different genetic subjects at a large scale in parallel. Significant progress has been made using various CRISPR screening tools especially in cancer research, however, fewer attempts and less success are reported in other contexts. In this mini-review, we discuss how CRISPR screening has been implemented in studies on cardiovascular research and related metabolic disorders, highlight the scientific progress utilizing CRISPR screening, and further envision how to fully unleash the power of this technique to expedite scientific discoveries in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihuan Shan
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Teng Fei
- National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
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20
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Thejer BM, Infantino V, Santarsiero A, Pappalardo I, Abatematteo FS, Teakel S, Van Oosterum A, Mach RH, Denora N, Lee BC, Resta N, Bagnulo R, Niso M, Contino M, Montsch B, Heffeter P, Abate C, Cahill MA. Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand Binding Modulates Association between TSPO and TMEM97. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076381. [PMID: 37047353 PMCID: PMC10093951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) is a S2R ligand-binding site historically associated with reportedly 21.5 kDa proteins that have been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. The S2R is highly expressed in various tumors, where it correlates with the proliferative status of the malignant cells. Recently, S2R was reported to be the transmembrane protein TMEM97. Prior to that, we had been investigating the translocator protein (TSPO) as a potential 21.5 kDa S2R candidate protein with reported heme and sterol associations. Here, we investigate the contributions of TMEM97 and TSPO to S2R activity in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma and MIA PaCa-2 (MP) pancreatic carcinoma cells. Additionally, the role of the reported S2R-interacting partner PGRMC1 was also elucidated. Proximity ligation assays and co-immunoprecipitation show a functional association between S2R and TSPO. Moreover, a close physical colocalization of TMEM97 and TSPO was found in MP cells. In MCF7 cells, co-immunoprecipitation only occurred with TMEM97 but not with PGRMC1, which was further confirmed by confocal microscopy experiments. Treatment with the TMEM97 ligand 20-(S)-hydroxycholesterol reduced co-immunoprecipitation of both TMEM97 and PGRMC1 in immune pellets of immunoprecipitated TSPO in MP cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first suggestion of a (functional) interaction between TSPO and TMEM97 that can be affected by S2R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar M. Thejer
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Research and Development Department, The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad 10065, Iraq
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pappalardo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesca S. Abatematteo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah Teakel
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Van Oosterum
- Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Florey Building, 54 Mills Road, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione e Rigenerativa e Area Jonica (DIMePRe-J), Università degli Studi di Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione e Rigenerativa e Area Jonica (DIMePRe-J), Università degli Studi di Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Niso
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Abate
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari ‘ALDO MORO’, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Amendola, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael A. Cahill
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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21
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Lizama BN, Kahle J, Catalano SM, Caggiano AO, Grundman M, Hamby ME. Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076251. [PMID: 37047224 PMCID: PMC10093856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet medical need to develop disease-modifying treatment options for individuals with age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R), encoded by TMEM97, is expressed in brain and retinal cells, and regulates cell functions via its co-receptor progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and through other protein–protein interactions. Studies describing functions of S2R involve the manipulation of expression or pharmacological modulation using exogenous small-molecule ligands. These studies demonstrate that S2R modulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases including autophagy, trafficking, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β and α-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, S2R modulation can ameliorate functional deficits in cell-based and animal models of disease. This review summarizes the current evidence-based understanding of S2R biology and function, and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, α-synucleinopathies, and dry age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mary E. Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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23
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Hough A, Criswell C, Faruk A, Cavanaugh JE, Kolber BJ, Tidgewell KJ. Barbamide Displays Affinity for Membrane-Bound Receptors and Impacts Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Mouse Sensory Neurons. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:110. [PMID: 36827151 PMCID: PMC9966578 DOI: 10.3390/md21020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria are a rich source of bio-active metabolites that have been utilized as leads for drug discovery and pharmacological tools for basic science research. Here, we describe the re-isolation of a well-known metabolite, barbamide, from Curaçao on three different occasions and the characterization of barbamide's biological interactions with targets of the mammalian nervous system. Barbamide was originally discovered as a molluscicidal agent from a filamentous marine cyanobacterium. In our hands, we found little evidence of toxicity against mammalian cell cultures. However, barbamide showed several affinities when screened for binding affinity for a panel of 45 receptors and transporters known to be involved in nociception and sensory neuron activity. We found high levels of binding affinity for the dopamine transporter, the kappa opioid receptor, and the sigma receptors (sigma-1 and sigma-2 also known as transmembrane protein 97; TMEM97). We tested barbamide in vitro in isolated sensory neurons from female mice to explore its functional impact on calcium flux in these cells. Barbamide by itself had no observable impact on calcium flux. However, barbamide enhanced the effect of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and enhanced store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) responses after depletion of intracellular calcium. Overall, these results demonstrate the biological potential of barbamide at sensory neurons with implications for future drug development projects surrounding this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hough
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Connor Criswell
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Asef Faruk
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Jane E. Cavanaugh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Benedict J. Kolber
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tidgewell
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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24
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Hamilton MC, Fife JD, Akinci E, Yu T, Khowpinitchai B, Cha M, Barkal S, Thi TT, Yeo GH, Ramos Barroso JP, Jake Francoeur M, Velimirovic M, Gifford DK, Lettre G, Yu H, Cassa CA, Sherwood RI. Systematic elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlying cholesterol uptake. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.500804. [PMID: 36711952 PMCID: PMC9881906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.500804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation contributes greatly to LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and coronary artery disease risk. By combining analysis of rare coding variants from the UK Biobank and genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and activation screening, we have substantially improved the identification of genes whose disruption alters serum LDL-C levels. We identify 21 genes in which rare coding variants significantly alter LDL-C levels at least partially through altered LDL-C uptake. We use co-essentiality-based gene module analysis to show that dysfunction of the RAB10 vesicle transport pathway leads to hypercholesterolemia in humans and mice by impairing surface LDL receptor levels. Further, we demonstrate that loss of function of OTX2 leads to robust reduction in serum LDL-C levels in mice and humans by increasing cellular LDL-C uptake. Altogether, we present an integrated approach that improves our understanding of genetic regulators of LDL-C levels and provides a roadmap for further efforts to dissect complex human disease genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Hamilton
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D. Fife
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ersin Akinci
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tian Yu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benyapa Khowpinitchai
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minsun Cha
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sammy Barkal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thi Tun Thi
- Precision Medicine Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace H.T. Yeo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Ramos Barroso
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Jake Francoeur
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minja Velimirovic
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David K. Gifford
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Haojie Yu
- Precision Medicine Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher A. Cassa
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard I. Sherwood
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Wang H, Peng Z, Li Y, Sahn JJ, Hodges TR, Chou TH, Liu Q, Zhou X, Jiao S, Porciatti V, Liebl DJ, Martin SF, Wen R. σ 2R/TMEM97 in retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20753. [PMID: 36456686 PMCID: PMC9715665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma 2 receptor (σ2R) was recently identified as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein known as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). Studies have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 binding compounds are neuroprotective, suggesting a role of σ2R/TMEM97 in neurodegenerative processes. To understand the function of σ2R/TMEM97 in neurodegeneration pathways, we characterized ischemia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in TMEM97-/- mice and found that RGCs in TMEM97-/- mice are resistant to degeneration. In addition, intravitreal injection of a selective σ2R/TMEM97 ligand DKR-1677 significantly protects RGCs from ischemia-induced degeneration in wildtype mice. Our results provide conclusive evidence that σ2R/TMEM97 plays a role to facilitate RGC death following ischemic injury and that inhibiting the function of σ2R/TMEM97 is neuroprotective. This work is a breakthrough toward elucidating the biology and function of σ2R/TMEM97 in RGCs and likely in other σ2R/TMEM97 expressing neurons. Moreover, these findings support future studies to develop new neuroprotective approaches for RGC degenerative diseases by inhibiting σ2R/TMEM97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zhiyou Peng
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yiwen Li
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - James J Sahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Timothy R Hodges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tsung-Han Chou
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Qiong Liu
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Xuezhi Zhou
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shuliang Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Vittorio Porciatti
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Rong Wen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Dickson AL, Yutuc E, Thornton CA, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ. Identification of unusual oxysterols biosynthesised in human pregnancy by charge-tagging and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1031013. [PMID: 36440193 PMCID: PMC9685423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify oxysterols and any down-stream metabolites in placenta, umbilical cord blood plasma, maternal plasma and amniotic fluid to enhance our knowledge of the involvement of these molecules in pregnancy. We confirm the identification of 20S-hydroxycholesterol in human placenta, previously reported in a single publication, and propose a pathway from 22R-hydroxycholesterol to a C27 bile acid of probable structure 3β,20R,22R-trihydroxycholest-5-en-(25R)26-oic acid. The pathway is evident not only in placenta, but pathway intermediates are also found in umbilical cord plasma, maternal plasma and amniotic fluid but not non-pregnant women.
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Vantaggiato L, Shaba E, Carleo A, Bezzini D, Pannuzzo G, Luddi A, Piomboni P, Bini L, Bianchi L. Neurodegenerative Disorder Risk in Krabbe Disease Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13537. [PMID: 36362324 PMCID: PMC9654610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase gene (GALC). Defective GALC causes aberrant metabolism of galactolipids present almost exclusively in myelin, with consequent demyelinization and neurodegeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system (NS). KD shares some similar features with other neuropathies and heterozygous carriers of GALC mutations are emerging with an increased risk in developing NS disorders. In this work, we set out to identify possible variations in the proteomic profile of KD-carrier brain to identify altered pathways that may imbalance its homeostasis and that may be associated with neurological disorders. The differential analysis performed on whole brains from 33-day-old twitcher (galc -/-), heterozygous (galc +/-), and wild-type mice highlighted the dysregulation of several multifunctional factors in both heterozygous and twitcher mice. Notably, the KD-carrier mouse, despite its normal phenotype, presents the deregulation of vimentin, receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP), and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 protein (NDRG1) as well as changes in the ubiquitinated-protein pattern. Our findings suggest the carrier may be affected by dysfunctions classically associated with neurodegeneration: (i) alteration of (mechano) signaling and intracellular trafficking, (ii) a generalized affection of proteostasis and lipid metabolism, with possible defects in myelin composition and turnover, and (iii) mitochondrion and energy supply dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Vantaggiato
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enxhi Shaba
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daiana Bezzini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Adjuvants in fungicide formulations can be skin sensitizers and cause different types of cell stress responses. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:2030-2041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Jin J, Arbez N, Sahn JJ, Lu Y, Linkens KT, Hodges TR, Tang A, Wiseman R, Martin SF, Ross CA. Neuroprotective Effects of σ 2R/TMEM97 Receptor Modulators in the Neuronal Model of Huntington's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2852-2862. [PMID: 36108101 PMCID: PMC9547941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes for an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in exon-1 of the human mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. The presence of this polyQ repeat results in neuronal degeneration, for which there is no cure or treatment that modifies disease progression. In previous studies, we have shown that small molecules that bind selectively to σ2R/TMEM97 can have significant neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and several other neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, we extend these investigations and show that certain σ2R/TMEM97-selective ligands decrease mHTT-induced neuronal toxicity. We first synthesized a set of compounds designed to bind to σ2R/TMEM97 and determined their binding profiles (Ki values) for σ2R/TMEM97 and other proteins in the central nervous system. Modulators with high affinity and selectivity for σ2R/TMEM97 were then tested in our HD cell model. Primary cortical neurons were cultured in vitro for 7 days and then co-transfected with either a normal HTT construct (Htt N-586-22Q/GFP) or the mHTT construct Htt-N586-82Q/GFP. Transfected neurons were treated with either σ2R/TMEM97 or σ1R modulators for 48 h. After treatment, neurons were fixed and stained with Hoechst, and condensed nuclei were quantified to assess cell death in the transfected neurons. Significantly, σ2R/TMEM97 modulators reduce the neuronal toxicity induced by mHTT, and their neuroprotective effects are not blocked by NE-100, a selective σ1R antagonist known to block neuroprotection by σ1R ligands. These results indicate for the first time that σ2R/TMEM97 modulators can protect neurons from mHTT-induced neuronal toxicity, suggesting that targeting σ2R/TMEM97 may lead to a novel therapeutic approach to treat patients with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
- Cellular Sciences Department, IdRS, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - James J. Sahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Kathryn T. Linkens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Timothy R. Hodges
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Anthony Tang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Robyn Wiseman
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States
| | - Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, 21287, United States
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States
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Differential Responses to Sigma-1 or Sigma-2 Receptor Ablation in Adiposity, Fat Oxidation, and Sexual Dimorphism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810846. [PMID: 36142759 PMCID: PMC9506228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing at epidemic rates across the US and worldwide, as are its co-morbidities, including type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Thus, targeted interventions to reduce the prevalence of obesity are of the utmost importance. The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) and sigma-2 receptor (S2R; encoded by Tmem97) belong to the same class of drug-binding sites, yet they are genetically distinct. There are multiple ongoing clinical trials focused on sigma receptors, targeting diseases ranging from Alzheimer’s disease through chronic pain to COVID-19. However, little is known regarding their gene-specific role in obesity. In this study, we measured body composition, used a comprehensive laboratory-animal monitoring system, and determined the glucose and insulin tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Compared to Sigmar1+/+ mice of the same sex, the male and female Sigmar1−/− mice had lower fat mass (17% and 12% lower, respectively), and elevated lean mass (16% and 10% higher, respectively), but S1R ablation had no effect on their metabolism. The male Tmem97−/− mice exhibited 7% lower fat mass, 8% higher lean mass, increased volumes of O2 and CO2, a decreased respiratory exchange ratio indicating elevated fatty-acid oxidation, and improved insulin tolerance, compared to the male Tmem97+/+ mice. There were no changes in any of these parameters in the female Tmem97−/− mice. Together, these data indicate that the S1R ablation in male and female mice or the S2R ablation in male mice protects against diet-induced adiposity, and that S2R ablation, but not S1R deletion, improves insulin tolerance and enhances fatty-acid oxidation in male mice. Further mechanistic investigations may lead to translational strategies to target differential S1R/S2R regulations and sexual dimorphism for precision treatments of obesity.
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Martin SF. Bridging Known and Unknown Unknowns: From Natural Products and Their Mimics to Unmet Needs in Neuroscience. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2397-2408. [PMID: 35960884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Scientific excursions into the unknown are often characterized by unanticipated twists and turns that may lead in directions that never could have been predicted. Decisions made during the course of these explorations determine what we discover. This Account chronicles one such journey that began with a challenge encountered during the synthesis of a natural product and then unfolded over more than 30 years to focus on unmet needs in neuroscience. Specifically, while developing a concise approach to tetrahydroalstonine, a heteroyohimboid alkaloid having α-adrenergic activity, we faced the predicament of assembling a key intermediate. Solving this problem resulted in the serendipitous discovery of the vinylogous Mannich reaction and a productive program wherein we used this powerful construction as a key step in the syntheses of numerous alkaloids. However, we also realized that lessons learned from the synthesis of tetrahydroalstonine could be generalized to invent a new strategy for preparing diverse collections of substituted nitrogen heterocycles that could be screened against biological targets. The approach featured the combination of several reactants in a multicomponent assembly process to give a functionalized intermediate that could be elaborated by various ring-forming reactions to give heterocyclic scaffolds that could be further diversified. Screening these compound sets against a broad range of biological targets revealed some intriguing hits, but none of them led to a productive collaboration in translational research. Notwithstanding this setback, we screened curated members of our collections against proteins in the central nervous system and discovered some substituted B-norbenzomorphans that were selective for the enigmatic sigma-2 receptor (σ2R), an understudied protein that had been primarily associated with cancer. With scant knowledge of its role in neuroscience, we posited that small molecules that bind to σ2R might be neuroprotective, thus launching a new venture. In parallel investigations we prepared analogues of the initial hits, explored their effects in animal models of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions, and identified σ2R as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97). After first establishing the neuroprotective effects of several σ2R/TMEM97 ligands in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of neurodegeneration, we showed that one of these has procognitive effects and reduces levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We then identified a closely related σ2R/TMEM97 ligand that mitigates hippocampal-dependent memory deficits, prevents axon degeneration, and protects neurons and oligodendrocytes after traumatic brain injury. In a recent study, this compound was shown to protect retinal ganglion cells from retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In other collaborative investigations, we have shown that related, but structurally distinct, σ2R/TMEM97 ligands alleviate neuropathic pain, while a σ2R/TMEM97 ligand representing yet another chemotype reduces impairments associated with alcohol withdrawal. More recently, we have shown that σ2R/TMEM97 ligands enhance survival of cortical neurons in a neuronal model of Huntington's disease. Translational and mechanistic studies in these and other areas are in progress. Solving a problem we faced in natural product synthesis thus served as an unexpected gateway to discoveries that could lead to entirely new approaches to treat neurodegenerative and neurological conditions by targeting σ2R/TMEM97, a protein that has never been associated with these afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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32
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Targeting σ2R/TMEM97 with novel aminotetralins. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anderson J, Walker G, Pu J. BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for lysosomal cholesterol egress through NPC2. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar81. [PMID: 35653304 PMCID: PMC9582633 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0595-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes receive extracellular and intracellular cholesterol and redistribute it throughout the cell. Cholesterol egress from lysosomes is critical for cholesterol homeostasis, and its failure underlies the pathogenesis of genetic disorders such as Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease. Here we report that the BLOC one-related complex (BORC)-ARL8-homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) ensemble is required for egress of free cholesterol from lysosomes and for storage of esterified cholesterol in lipid droplets. Depletion of BORC, ARL8, or HOPS does not alter the localization of the lysosomal transmembrane cholesterol transporter NPC1 to degradative compartments but decreases the association of the luminal transporter NPC2 and increases NPC2 secretion. BORC-ARL8-HOPS depletion also increases lysosomal degradation of cation-independent (CI)-mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor (MPR), which normally sorts NPC2 to the endosomal-lysosomal system and then is recycled to the trans-Golgi network. These defects likely result from impaired HOPS-dependent fusion of endosomal-lysosomal organelles and an uncharacterized function of HOPS in CI-MPR recycling. Our study demonstrates that the BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for cholesterol egress from lysosomes by enabling CI-MPR-dependent trafficking of NPC2 to the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Anderson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Gerard Walker
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Mao D, Zhang X, Wang Z, Xu G, Zhang Y. TMEM97 is transcriptionally activated by YY1 and promotes colorectal cancer progression via the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1535-1546. [PMID: 35907137 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97) is a conserved integral membrane protein highly expressed in various human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and it exhibits pro-tumor roles in breast cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma. However, whether TMEM97 participates in CRC progression is not fully understood. The expression of mRNA and protein was evaluated by real-time qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescent, and immunohistochemical staining. TMEM97 functions in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. The roles of TMEM97 in CRC cells in vivo was investigated using a subcutaneous xenograft model. The transcriptional regulation of TMEM97 was explored by luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. The silencing of TMEM97 inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro and led to suppressed growth and enhanced apoptosis in CRC cells and xenografts, whereas overexpression of TMEM97 displayed opposite effects. Mechanistically, TMEM97 knockdown caused a reduction of the proliferating marker PCNA and an increase of pro-apoptotic proteins (cleaved caspase 8/3/7 and cleaved PARP) in CRC cells. TMEM97 also positively regulated the β-catenin signaling pathway in CRC cells and xenografts by modulating the phosphorylated-GSK-3β and active (non-phospho) β-catenin levels. Interestingly, YY1, a well-recognized oncogenic transcription factor, was identified to bind to the TMEM97 promoter and enhance its transcriptional activity, and silencing of TMEM97 abolished YY1-mediated pro-tumor effects on CRC cells. Our results suggest that TMEM97 is transcriptionally activated by YY1 and promotes CRC progression via the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing that TMEM97 might be a novel therapeutic target for preventing CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhaoping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guannan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, No. 2, The Fifth Section of Renmin Street, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
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Zampieri D, Fortuna S, Romano M, Amata E, Dichiara M, Marrazzo A, Pasquinucci L, Turnaturi R, Mamolo MG. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aminopropylcarboxamide derivatives as sigma ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128860. [PMID: 35724925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In our continuing effort to develop novel sigma receptor (SR) ligands, we present the design, synthesis and binding studies of a small library of aminopropylcarboxamide derivatives, obtained from a deconstruction of the piperidine ring of previously synthesized piperidine-based compounds. The best results were achieved with benzofuran (5c, 5g) and quinoline (5a, 5e) derivatives. These compounds revealed the highest affinity for both receptor subtypes. In particular, the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl derivatives 5e and 5g showed the highest selectivity profile for S2R, especially the quinoline derivative 5e exhibited a 35-fold higher affinity for S2R subtype. The cytotoxic activity of aforementioned compounds was evaluated against SKBR3 and MCF7 cell lines, widely used for breast cancer studies. Whereas the potency of 5g was similar that of Siramesine and Haloperidol in both cell lines, compounds 5a, 5c and 5e exhibited a potency at least comparable to that of Haloperidol in SKBR3 cells. A molecular modelling evaluation towards the S2R binding site, confirmed the strong interaction of compound 5e thus justifying its highest S2R affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Wilson LL, Alleyne AR, Eans SO, Cirino TJ, Stacy HM, Mottinelli M, Intagliata S, McCurdy CR, McLaughlin JP. Characterization of CM-398, a Novel Selective Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, as a Potential Therapeutic for Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113617. [PMID: 35684553 PMCID: PMC9182558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors modulate nociception, offering a potential therapeutic target to treat pain, but relatively little is known regarding the role of sigma-2 receptors (S2R) in nociception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo analgesic and anti-allodynic activity and liabilities of a novel S2R selective ligand, 1-[4-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)butyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydro-1,3-benzimidazol-2-one (CM-398). The inhibition of thermal, induced chemical, or inflammatory pain as well as the allodynia resulting from chronic nerve constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain were assessed in male mice. CM-398 dose-dependently (10–45 mg/kg i.p.) reduced mechanical allodynia in the CCI neuropathic pain model, equivalent at the higher dose to the effect of the control analgesic gabapentin (50 mg/kg i.p.). Likewise, pretreatment (i.p.) with CM-398 dose-dependently produced antinociception in the acetic acid writhing test (ED50 (and 95% C.I.) = 14.7 (10.6–20) mg/kg, i.p.) and the formalin assay (ED50 (and 95% C.I.) = 0.86 (0.44–1.81) mg/kg, i.p.) but was without effect in the 55 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. A high dose of CM-398 (45 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited modest locomotor impairment in a rotarod assay and conditioned place aversion, potentially complicating the interpretation of nociceptive testing. However, in an operant pain model resistant to these confounds, mice experiencing CCI and treated with CM-398 demonstrated robust conditioned place preference. Overall, these results demonstrate the S2R selective antagonist CM-398 produces antinociception and anti-allodynia with fewer liabilities than established therapeutics, adding to emerging data suggesting possible mediation of nociception by S2R, and the development of S2R ligands as potential treatments for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (A.R.A.); (S.O.E.); (T.J.C.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Amy R. Alleyne
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (A.R.A.); (S.O.E.); (T.J.C.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (A.R.A.); (S.O.E.); (T.J.C.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Thomas J. Cirino
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (A.R.A.); (S.O.E.); (T.J.C.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Heather M. Stacy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (A.R.A.); (S.O.E.); (T.J.C.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Marco Mottinelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.M.); (S.I.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.M.); (S.I.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.M.); (S.I.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (L.L.W.); (A.R.A.); (S.O.E.); (T.J.C.); (H.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-273-7207
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Discovery of novel, selective, functionalized 5-(2-(5-arylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)ethyl)-γ-butyrolactone sigma-2 ligands. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Yu S, Wang L, Che D, Zhang M, Li M, Naito M, Xin W, Zhou L. Targeting CRABP-II overcomes pancreatic cancer drug resistance by reversing lipid raft cholesterol accumulation and AKT survival signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:88. [PMID: 35260193 PMCID: PMC8903155 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance to standard therapy is a major reason for the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Developing novel therapy to overcome PDAC drug-resistance is urgently needed. CRABP-II was highly expressed in all PDAC but not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues and chronic pancreatitis. CRABP-II was shown to promote PDAC migration and metastasis while its potential role in promoting PDAC drug-resistance was not known. Methods A paired cohort of human primary and relapsing PDAC tissues was assessed for CRABP-II expression by immunohistochemistry. CRISPR/cas9 gene editing was used to establish CRABP-II knockout cell lines and MTT assays were performed to assess gemcitabine sensitivity in vitro. Cleaved caspase-3/PARP blots and Annexin V staining were conducted to detect cell apoptosis. Gene expression microarray, Q-PCR, western blots, Co-IP and RNA-IP were used to study the molecular function of CRABP-II. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation was applied to isolate lipid rafts and LC–MS-MS was used to assess cholesterol content. Both subcutaneous CDX models and orthotopic PDX models were established to examine the efficacy of SNIPER-11 and the synergistic effect between SNIPER-11 and gemcitabine in vivo. Results A higher expression of CRABP-II was found in relapsing PDAC tissue and was associated with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine-resistant cell lines exhibited increased level of CRABP-II, while CRABP-II knockout resensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine. Mechanistically, aberrant expression of CRABP-II increased the stability of SREBP-1c mRNA through cooperation with HuR and upregulated the downstream genes of SREBP-1c to favor cholesterol uptake and accumulation in lipid rafts. Increased lipid raft cholesterol accumulation facilitated ATK survival signaling and PDAC drug resistance. The small compound SNIPER-11 treatment effectively induced CRABP-II protein degradation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth. Combination of SNIPER-11 and gemcitabine significantly reduced the lipid raft cholesterol content in CDX/PDX and profoundly inhibited tumor progression. Conclusions These findings identified CRABP-II as a novel regulator of cholesterol metabolism and suggested that CRABP-II is a selective target for overcoming PDAC drug resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02261-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Danian Che
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Biostatistics of the Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angles, California, USA
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Preparation of novel analogs of 2-arylpiperidines and evaluation of their sigma receptor binding affinities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Discovery and development of brain-penetrant 18F-labeled radioligands for neuroimaging of the sigma-2 receptors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1406-1415. [PMID: 35530149 PMCID: PMC9069315 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have discovered and synthesized a series of indole-based derivatives as novel sigma-2 (σ 2) receptor ligands. Two ligands with high σ 2 receptor affinity and subtype selectivity were then radiolabeled with F-18 in good radiochemical yields and purities, and evaluated in rodents. In biodistribution studies in male ICR mice, radioligand [18F]9, or 1-(4-(5,6-dimethoxyisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)-4-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)-1H-indole, was found to display high brain uptake and high brain-to-blood ratio. Pretreatment of animals with the selective σ 2 receptor ligand CM398 led to significant reductions in both brain uptake (29%-54%) and brain-to-blood ratio (60%-88%) of the radioligand in a dose-dependent manner, indicating high and saturable specific binding of [18F]9 to σ 2 receptors in the brain. Further, ex vivo autoradiography in male ICR mice demonstrated regionally heterogeneous specific binding of [18F]9 in the brain that is consistent with the distribution pattern of σ 2 receptors. Dynamic positron emission tomography imaging confirmed regionally distinct distribution and high levels of specific binding for [18F]9 in the rat brain, along with appropriate tissue kinetics. Taken together, results from our current study indicated the novel radioligand [18F]9 as the first highly specific and promising imaging agent for σ 2 receptors in the brain.
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Zhang N, Pan H, Liang X, Xie J, Han W. The roles of transmembrane family proteins in the regulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:118. [PMID: 35119538 PMCID: PMC11071953 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major pathway for calcium signaling, which regulates almost every biological process, involving cell proliferation, differentiation, movement and death. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator (ORAI) are the two major proteins involved in SOCE. With the deepening of studies, more and more proteins are found to be able to regulate SOCE, among which the transmembrane (TMEM) family proteins are worth paying more attention. In addition, the ORAI proteins belong to the TMEM family themselves. As the name suggests, TMEM family is a type of proteins that spans biological membranes including plasma membrane and membrane of organelles. TMEM proteins are in a large family with more than 300 proteins that have been already identified, while the functional knowledge about the proteins is preliminary. In this review, we mainly summarized the TMEM proteins that are involved in SOCE, to better describe a picture of the interaction between STIM and ORAI proteins during SOCE and its downstream signaling pathways, as well as to provide an idea for the study of the TMEM family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel, selective, functionalized γ-butyrolactones as sigma-2 ligands. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Bhandare RR, Sigalapalli DK, Shaik AB, Canney DJ, Blass BE. Selectivity profile comparison for certain γ-butyrolactone and oxazolidinone-based ligands on a sigma 2 receptor over sigma 1: a molecular docking approach. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20096-20109. [PMID: 35919619 PMCID: PMC9272471 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors (σ1 R and σ2 R) are pharmacologically characterized membrane-bound receptors that bind a wide range of chemical compounds. Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and neuropathic pain have all been associated with abnormal σ2 activity. The σ2 receptor has recently been identified as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting the formation of amyloid plaques. Numerous laboratories are now investigating the potential of σ2 ligands. Small molecule discovery is the focus of current research, with the goal of using target-based action to treat a variety of illnesses and ailments. Functionalized γ-butyrolactone and oxazolidinone-based ligands, in particular, are pharmacologically important scaffolds in drug discovery research and have been thoroughly examined for σ2 receptor efficacy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacophoric features of different σ2 receptor ligands using in silico techniques. This study used a library of 58 compounds having a γ-butyrolactone and oxazolidinone core. To investigate the binding characteristics of the ligands with the σ2 receptor, a 3D homology model was developed. To understand the binding pattern of the γ-butyrolactone and oxazolidinone based ligands, molecular docking studies were performed on both σ1 and σ2 receptors. Furthermore, MM/GBSA binding energy calculations were used to confirm the binding of ligands on the σ2 over σ1 receptor. These in silico findings will aid in the discovery of selective σ2 ligands with good pharmacophoric properties and potency in the future. Selective action of γ-butyrolactones and oxazolidinones towards σ2 receptor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie R. Bhandare
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, PO Box 340, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Afzal B. Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Daniel J. Canney
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 194140, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Blass
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 194140, USA
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Cheng YS, Zhang T, Ma X, Pratuangtham S, Zhang GC, Ondrus AA, Mafi A, Lomenick B, Jones JJ, Ondrus AE. A proteome-wide map of 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol interactors in cell membranes. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1271-1280. [PMID: 34799735 PMCID: PMC8607797 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols (OHCs) are hydroxylated cholesterol metabolites that play ubiquitous roles in health and disease. Due to the non-covalent nature of their interactions and their unique partitioning in membranes, the analysis of live-cell, proteome-wide interactions of OHCs remains an unmet challenge. Here, we present a structurally precise chemoproteomics probe for the biologically active molecule 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)-OHC) and provide a map of its proteome-wide targets in the membranes of living cells. Our target catalog consolidates diverse OHC ontologies and demonstrates that OHC-interacting proteins cluster with specific processes in immune response and cancer. Competition experiments reveal that 20(S)-OHC is a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective ligand for the protein transmembrane protein 97 (Tmem97/the σ2 receptor), enabling us to reconstruct the 20(S)-OHC-Tmem97 binding site. Our results demonstrate that multiplexed, quantitative analysis of cellular target engagement can expose new dimensions of metabolite activity and identify actionable targets for molecular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sarida Pratuangtham
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Grace C Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alexander A Ondrus
- Mathematics Department, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Mafi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Jones
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alison E Ondrus
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Alon A, Lyu J, Braz JM, Tummino TA, Craik V, O'Meara MJ, Webb CM, Radchenko DS, Moroz YS, Huang XP, Liu Y, Roth BL, Irwin JJ, Basbaum AI, Shoichet BK, Kruse AC. Structures of the σ 2 receptor enable docking for bioactive ligand discovery. Nature 2021; 600:759-764. [PMID: 34880501 PMCID: PMC8867396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The σ2 receptor has attracted intense interest in cancer imaging1, psychiatric disease2, neuropathic pain3-5 and other areas of biology6,7. Here we determined the crystal structure of this receptor in complex with the clinical candidate roluperidone2 and the tool compound PB288. These structures templated a large-scale docking screen of 490 million virtual molecules, of which 484 compounds were synthesized and tested. We identified 127 new chemotypes with affinities superior to 1 μM, 31 of which had affinities superior to 50 nM. The hit rate fell smoothly and monotonically with docking score. We optimized three hits for potency and selectivity, and achieved affinities that ranged from 3 to 48 nM, with up to 250-fold selectivity versus the σ1 receptor. Crystal structures of two ligands bound to the σ2 receptor confirmed the docked poses. To investigate the contribution of the σ2 receptor in pain, two potent σ2-selective ligands and one potent σ1/σ2 non-selective ligand were tested for efficacy in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. All three ligands showed time-dependent decreases in mechanical hypersensitivity in the spared nerve injury model9, suggesting that the σ2 receptor has a role in nociception. This study illustrates the opportunities for rapid discovery of in vivo probes through structure-based screens of ultra large libraries, enabling study of underexplored areas of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Alon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiankun Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joao M Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tia A Tummino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Craik
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Meara
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chase M Webb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhan B, Zhang Z, Piao C, Dong X, Du Y, Kong C, Jiang Y. The Sigma-2 Receptor/TMEM97 Agonist PB28 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signalling Pathway in Renal Cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11244-11256. [PMID: 34783163 PMCID: PMC8650047 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma‐2 receptor/TMEM97 is overexpressed in many tumours, and sigma‐2 receptor ligands are under investigation for cancer therapy. We intended to evaluate the effect of PB28 on renal cancer in proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Invasive renal cancer cell lines treated with PB28 (or sigma‐2 receptor antagonist 1) were subjected to cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays. The therapeutic effect of PB28 was performed on nude mice. Western blot for proteins in the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signalling pathway was conducted. A CCK‐8 assay was used to examine the effect of the combination of PB28 and cisplatin on renal cancer cells. Significant inhibitory effects were observed on proliferation, migration and invasion of 786‐O and ACHN cells after culturing with PB28. But, the outcomes of sigma‐2 receptor antagonist 1 presented the opposite tendency. PB28 significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive ability of OS‐RC‐2 cells in vivo. Treatment resulted in decreased phosphorylation of constituents of the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR pathway. The combination of PB28 and cisplatin showed enhanced efficacy in the inhibition of renal cancer cell proliferation. Taken together, PB28 inhibited the tumorigenic behaviours of renal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signalling pathway and was expected to be a sensitizer of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiyuan Piao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Goedeke L, Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Chaube B, Thompson BM, Lee RG, Cline GW, McDonald JG, Shulman GI, Lasunción MA, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. MMAB promotes negative feedback control of cholesterol homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6448. [PMID: 34750386 PMCID: PMC8575900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate regulatory networks govern the net balance of cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake and efflux; however, the mechanisms surrounding cholesterol homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we develop an integrative genomic strategy to detect regulators of LDLR activity and identify 250 genes whose knockdown affects LDL-cholesterol uptake and whose expression is modulated by intracellular cholesterol levels in human hepatic cells. From these hits, we focus on MMAB, an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of vitamin B12 to adenosylcobalamin, and whose expression has previously been linked with altered levels of circulating cholesterol in humans. We demonstrate that hepatic levels of MMAB are modulated by dietary and cellular cholesterol levels through SREBP2, the master transcriptional regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Knockdown of MMAB decreases intracellular cholesterol levels and augments SREBP2-mediated gene expression and LDL-cholesterol uptake in human and mouse hepatic cell lines. Reductions in total sterol content were attributed to increased intracellular levels of propionic and methylmalonic acid and subsequent inhibition of HMGCR activity and cholesterol biosynthesis. Moreover, mice treated with antisense inhibitors of MMAB display a significant reduction in hepatic HMGCR activity, hepatic sterol content and increased expression of SREBP2-mediated genes. Collectively, these findings reveal an unexpected role for the adenosylcobalamin pathway in regulating LDLR expression and identify MMAB as an additional control point by which cholesterol biosynthesis is regulated by its end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Richard G Lee
- Cardiovascular Group, Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Gary W Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS) and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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50
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Zimoń M, Huang Y, Trasta A, Halavatyi A, Liu JZ, Chen CY, Blattmann P, Klaus B, Whelan CD, Sexton D, John S, Huber W, Tsai EA, Pepperkok R, Runz H. Pairwise effects between lipid GWAS genes modulate lipid plasma levels and cellular uptake. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6411. [PMID: 34741066 PMCID: PMC8571362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex traits are characterized by multiple genes and variants acting simultaneously on a phenotype. However, studying the contribution of individual pairs of genes to complex traits has been challenging since human genetics necessitates very large population sizes, while findings from model systems do not always translate to humans. Here, we combine genetics with combinatorial RNAi (coRNAi) to systematically test for pairwise additive effects (AEs) and genetic interactions (GIs) between 30 lipid genome-wide association studies (GWAS) genes. Gene-based burden tests from 240,970 exomes show that in carriers with truncating mutations in both, APOB and either PCSK9 or LPL ("human double knock-outs") plasma lipid levels change additively. Genetics and coRNAi identify overlapping AEs for 12 additional gene pairs. Overlapping GIs are observed for TOMM40/APOE with SORT1 and NCAN. Our study identifies distinct gene pairs that modulate plasma and cellular lipid levels primarily via AEs and nominates putative drug target pairs for improved lipid-lowering combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zimoń
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XMolecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg/EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany ,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Anthi Trasta
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XMolecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg/EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany ,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (ALMF), European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jimmy Z. Liu
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Peter Blattmann
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XMolecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg/EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany ,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.508389.f0000 0004 6414 2411Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Klaus
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - David Sexton
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Sally John
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen A. Tsai
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XMolecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg/EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany ,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany ,Advanced Light Microscopy Facility (ALMF), European Molecular Biological Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Runz
- grid.4709.a0000 0004 0495 846XMolecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg/EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Translational Biology, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
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