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Wang D, Wei T, Cui X, Xia L, Jiang Y, Yin D, Liao X, Li F, Li J, Wu Q, Lin X, Lang S, Le Y, Yang J, Yang J, Wei R, Hong T. Fam3a-mediated prohormone convertase switch in α-cells regulates pancreatic GLP-1 production in an Nr4a2-Foxa2-dependent manner. Metabolism 2024:156042. [PMID: 39362520 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fam3a has been demonstrated to regulate pancreatic β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of Fam3a in regulating α-cell function remain unexplored. METHODS Glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in pancreas and plasma were measured in global Fam3a knockout (Fam3a-/-) mice. Human islet single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets were utilized to analyze gene expression correlations between FAM3A and PCSK1 (encoding PC1/3, which processes proglucagon into GLP-1). Mouse pancreatic α-cell line αTC1.9 cells were transfected with Fam3a siRNA or plasmid for Fam3a knockdown or overexpression to explore the effects of Fam3a on PC1/3 expression and GLP-1 production. The downstream mediator (including Nr4a2) was identified by transcriptomic analysis, and its role was confirmed by Fam3a knockdown or overexpression in αTC1.9 cells. Based on the interacted protein of Nr4a2 and the direct binding to Pcsk1 promoter, the transcription factor Foxa2 was selected for further verification. Nuclear translocation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to clarify the involvement of Fam3a-Nr4a2-Foxa2 pathway in PC1/3 expression and GLP-1 production. Moreover, α-cell-specific Fam3a knockout (Fam3aα-/-) mice were constructed to evaluate the metabolic variables and hormone levels under normoglycemic, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic conditions. Exendin 9-39 (Ex9), a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, was used to investigate GLP-1 paracrine effects in Fam3aα-/- mice and in their primary islets. RESULTS Compared with wild-type mice, pancreatic and plasma active GLP-1 levels were increased in Fam3a-/- mice. Analysis of human islet scRNA-seq datasets showed a significant negative correction between FAM3A and PCSK1 in α-cells. Fam3a knockdown upregulated PC1/3 expression and GLP-1 production in αTC1.9 cells, while Fam3a overexpression displayed inverse effects. Transcriptomic analysis identified Nr4a2 as a key downstream mediator of Fam3a, and Nr4a2 expression in αTC1.9 cells was downregulated and upregulated by Fam3a knockdown and overexpression, respectively. Nr4a2 silencing increased PC1/3 expression, albeit Nr4a2 did not directly bind to Pcsk1 promoter. Instead, Nr4a2 formed a complex with Foxa2 to facilitate Fam3a-mediated Foxa2 nuclear translocation. Foxa2 negatively regulated PC1/3 expression and GLP-1 production. Besides, Foxa2 inhibited the transcriptional activity of Pcsk1 promoter at specific binding sites 10 and 6, and this inhibition was intensified by Nr4a2 in αTC1.9 cells. Compared with Flox/cre littermates, improved glucose tolerance, increased active GLP-1 level in pancreas and plasma, upregulated plasma insulin level in response to glucose, and decreased plasma glucagon level were observed in Fam3aα-/- mice. Primary islets isolated from Fam3aα-/- mice also showed an increase in active GLP-1 and insulin release. In addition, the insulinotropic effect of intra-islet GLP-1 was blocked by Ex9 in Fam3aα-/- mice and in their primary islets. Similarly, HFD-fed Fam3aα-/- mice also exhibited an improved glucose tolerance. Both HFD-fed and STZ-induced diabetic Fam3aα-/- mice showed an increased pancreatic active GLP-1 level, an elevated plasma insulin level and a reduced plasma glucagon level. CONCLUSIONS Fam3a deficiency in α-cells enhances pancreatic GLP-1 production to improve β-cell function via paracrine signaling in an Nr4a2-Foxa2-PC1/3-dependent manner. Our study unveils a novel strategy for reprogramming α-cell proglucagon processing output from glucagon to GLP-1 and deepen the understanding of crosstalk between α-cells and β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianjiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Deshan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyue Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiafang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shan Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunyi Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tianpei Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Bharti R, Dey G, Khan D, Myers A, Huffman OG, Saygin C, Braley C, Richards E, Sangwan N, Willard B, Lathia JD, Fox PL, Lin F, Jha BK, Brown JM, Yu JS, Dwidar M, Joehlin-Price A, Vargas R, Michener CM, Longworth MS, Reizes O. Cell surface CD55 traffics to the nucleus leading to cisplatin resistance and stemness by inducing PRC2 and H3K27 trimethylation on chromatin in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:121. [PMID: 38853277 PMCID: PMC11163727 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum resistance is the primary cause of poor survival in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Targeted therapies and biomarkers of chemoresistance are critical for the treatment of OC patients. Our previous studies identified cell surface CD55, a member of the complement regulatory proteins, drives chemoresistance and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are implicated in tumor recurrence and metastasis in multiple cancers. METHODS Protein localization assays including immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation were used to identify CD55 at the cell surface and nucleus of cancer cells. Protein half-life determinations were used to compare cell surface and nuclear CD55 stability. CD55 deletion mutants were generated and introduced into cancer cells to identify the nuclear trafficking code, cisplatin sensitivity, and stem cell frequency that were assayed using in vitro and in vivo models. Detection of CD55 binding proteins was analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. Target pathways activated by CD55 were identified by RNA sequencing. RESULTS CD55 localizes to the nucleus of a subset of OC specimens, ascites from chemoresistant patients, and enriched in chemoresistant OC cells. We determined that nuclear CD55 is glycosylated and derived from the cell surface pool of CD55. Nuclear localization is driven by a trafficking code containing the serine/threonine (S/T) domain of CD55. Nuclear CD55 is necessary for cisplatin resistance, stemness, and cell proliferation in OC cells. CD55 S/T domain is necessary for nuclear entry and inducing chemoresistance to cisplatin in both in vitro and in vivo models. Deletion of the CD55 S/T domain is sufficient to sensitize chemoresistant OC cells to cisplatin. In the nucleus, CD55 binds and attenuates the epigenetic regulator and tumor suppressor ZMYND8 with a parallel increase in H3K27 trimethylation and members of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show CD55 localizes to the nucleus in OC and promotes CSC and chemoresistance. Our studies identify a therapeutic mechanism for treating platinum resistant ovarian cancer by blocking CD55 nuclear entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bharti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Goutam Dey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Debjit Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Alex Myers
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia G Huffman
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Caner Saygin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Present address: Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chad Braley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Elliott Richards
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Reproductive, Endocrinology, and Infertility, Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Microbiome Analytics and Composition Core Facility, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Babal Kant Jha
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy & Precision Immuno-oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohammed Dwidar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Microbial Culturing and Engineering Facility, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amy Joehlin-Price
- Anatomic Pathology, Pathology and Lab Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chad M Michener
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle S Longworth
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Wei Y, Guo J, Meng T, Gao T, Mai Y, Zuo W, Yang J. The potential application of complement inhibitors-loaded nanosystem for autoimmune diseases via regulation immune balance. J Drug Target 2024; 32:485-498. [PMID: 38491993 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2332730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The complement is an important arm of the innate immune system, once activated, the complement system rapidly generates large quantities of protein fragments that are potent mediators of inflammation. Recent studies have shown that over-activated complement is the main proinflammatory system of autoimmune diseases (ADs). In addition, activated complements interact with autoantibodies, immune cells exacerbate inflammation, further worsening ADs. With the increasing threat of ADs to human health, complement-based immunotherapy has attracted wide attention. Nevertheless, efficient and targeted delivery of complement inhibitors remains a significant challenge owing to their inherent poor targeting, degradability, and low bioavailability. Nanosystems offer innovative solutions to surmount these obstacles and amplify the potency of complement inhibitors. This prime aim to present the current knowledge of complement in ADs, analyse the function of complement in the pathogenesis and treatment of ADs, we underscore the current situation of nanosystems assisting complement inhibitors in the treatment of ADs. Considering technological, physiological, and clinical validation challenges, we critically appraise the challenges for successfully translating the findings of preclinical studies of these nanosystem assisted-complement inhibitors into the clinic, and future perspectives were also summarised. (The graphical abstract is by BioRender.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jueshuo Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yaping Mai
- School of Science and Technology Centers, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenbao Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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4
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Kulak K, Kuska K, Colineau L, Mckay M, Maziarz K, Slaby J, Blom AM, King BC. Intracellular C3 protects β-cells from IL-1β-driven cytotoxicity via interaction with Fyn-related kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312621121. [PMID: 38346191 PMCID: PMC10895342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312621121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of type 1 but also type 2 diabetes is pancreatic islet inflammation, associated with altered pancreatic islet function and structure, if unresolved. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine which detrimentally affects β-cell function. In the course of diabetes, complement components, including the central complement protein C3, are deregulated. Previously, we reported high C3 expression in human pancreatic islets, with upregulation after IL-1β treatment. In the current investigation, using primary human and rodent material and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited β-cells deficient in C3, or producing only cytosolic C3 from a noncanonical in-frame start codon, we report a protective effect of C3 against IL-1β-induced β-cell death, that is attributed to the cytosolic fraction of C3. Further investigation revealed that intracellular C3 alleviates IL-1β-induced β-cell death, by interaction with and inhibition of Fyn-related kinase (FRK), which is involved in the response of β-cells to cytokines. Furthermore, these data were supported by increased β-cell death in vivo in a β-cell-specific C3 knockout mouse. Our data indicate that a functional, cytoprotective association exists between FRK and cytosolic C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kulak
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Kuska
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Lucie Colineau
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Marina Mckay
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Karolina Maziarz
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Julia Slaby
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
| | - Ben C King
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö 214-28, Sweden
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5
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Nguyen VD, Hughes TR, Zhou Y. From complement to complosome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: When location matters. Liver Int 2024; 44:316-329. [PMID: 38010880 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health threat and becoming the leading cause of liver transplantation. Nevertheless, no approved specific treatment is currently available for NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted and not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role of the complement system in the development and progression of NAFLD. Here, we provide an overview of the complement system, incorporating the novel concept of complosome, and summarise the up-to-date evidence elucidating the association between complement dysregulation and the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this process, the extracellular complement system is activated through various pathways, thereby directly contributing to, or working together with other immune cells in the disease development and progression. We also introduce the complosome and assess the evidence that implicates its potential influence in NAFLD through its direct impact on hepatocytes or non-parenchymal liver cells. Additionally, we expound upon how complement system and the complosome may exert their effects in relation with hepatic zonation in NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the complement system, extracellularly and intracellularly, for NAFLD treatment. Finally, we present future perspectives towards a better understanding of the complement system's contribution to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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6
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Singh P, Kemper C. Complement, complosome, and complotype: A perspective. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250042. [PMID: 37120820 PMCID: PMC10613581 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent rapid progress in key technological advances, including the broader accessibility of single-cell "omic" approaches, have allowed immunologists to gain important novel insights into the contributions of individual immune cells in protective immunity and immunopathologies. These insights also taught us that there is still much to uncover about the (cellular) networks underlying immune responses. For example, in the last decade, studies on a key component of innate immunity, the complement system, have defined intracellularly active complement (the complosome) as a key orchestrator of normal cell physiology. This added an unexpected facet to the biology of complement, which was long considered fully explored. Here, we will summarize succinctly the known activation modes and functions of the complosome and provide a perspective on the origins of intracellular complement. We will also make a case for extending assessments of the complotype, the individual inherited landscape of common variants in complement genes, to the complosome, and for reassessing patients with known serum complement deficiencies for complosome perturbations. Finally, we will discuss where we see current opportunities and hurdles for dissecting the compartmentalization of complement activities toward a better understanding of their contributions to cellular function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Sarmoko, Ramadhanti M, Zulkepli NA. CD59: Biological function and its potential for drug target action. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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8
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Bao H, Cao J, Chen M, Chen M, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chhetri JK, Ding Y, Feng J, Guo J, Guo M, He C, Jia Y, Jiang H, Jing Y, Li D, Li J, Li J, Liang Q, Liang R, Liu F, Liu X, Liu Z, Luo OJ, Lv J, Ma J, Mao K, Nie J, Qiao X, Sun X, Tang X, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu R, Xia K, Xiao FH, Xu L, Xu Y, Yan H, Yang L, Yang R, Yang Y, Ying Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhou M, Zhou R, Zhu Q, Zhu Z, Cao F, Cao Z, Chan P, Chen C, Chen G, Chen HZ, Chen J, Ci W, Ding BS, Ding Q, Gao F, Han JDJ, Huang K, Ju Z, Kong QP, Li J, Li J, Li X, Liu B, Liu F, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu Q, Liu X, Liu Y, Luo X, Ma S, Ma X, Mao Z, Nie J, Peng Y, Qu J, Ren J, Ren R, Song M, Songyang Z, Sun YE, Sun Y, Tian M, Wang S, Wang S, Wang X, Wang X, Wang YJ, Wang Y, Wong CCL, Xiang AP, Xiao Y, Xie Z, Xu D, Ye J, Yue R, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang YW, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Zhu D, Zou W, Pei G, Liu GH. Biomarkers of aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:893-1066. [PMID: 37076725 PMCID: PMC10115486 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging biomarkers are a combination of biological parameters to (i) assess age-related changes, (ii) track the physiological aging process, and (iii) predict the transition into a pathological status. Although a broad spectrum of aging biomarkers has been developed, their potential uses and limitations remain poorly characterized. An immediate goal of biomarkers is to help us answer the following three fundamental questions in aging research: How old are we? Why do we get old? And how can we age slower? This review aims to address this need. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of biomarkers developed for cellular, organ, and organismal levels of aging, comprising six pillars: physiological characteristics, medical imaging, histological features, cellular alterations, molecular changes, and secretory factors. To fulfill all these requisites, we propose that aging biomarkers should qualify for being specific, systemic, and clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiani Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jagadish K Chhetri
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yingjie Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junlin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuting He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yujuan Jia
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Jing
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dingfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qinhao Liang
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Feng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Oscar Junhong Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jianwei Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kehang Mao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiawei Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), International Center for Aging and Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinpei Sun
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center, Medical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rimo Wu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Center for Stem Cell Biologyand Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haoteng Yan
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ruici Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yilin Ying
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Gerontology Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenwan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Great Bay Area Geroscience Joint Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Weimin Ci
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Ageing and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Baohua Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South Unversity, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shuai Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jing Nie
- The State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yaojin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), International Center for Aging and Cancer, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Moshi Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Zhou Songyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Mei Tian
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shusen Wang
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Si Wang
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, The second Medical Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center, Medical Research Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Clinical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biologyand Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing & Qingdao Langu Pharmaceutical R&D Platform, Beijing Gigaceuticals Tech. Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- International Laboratory in Hematology and Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Rui Yue
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Gerontology Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430000, China.
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province and Center for Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Department of Neurosciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Dahai Zhu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Gang Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-Based Biomedicine, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200070, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Wen L, Yang X, Wu Z, Fu S, Zhan Y, Chen Z, Bi D, Shen Y. The complement inhibitor CD59 is required for GABAergic synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112349. [PMID: 37027303 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement-dependent microglia pruning of excitatory synapses has been widely reported in physiological and pathological conditions, with few reports concerning pruning of inhibitory synapses or direct regulation of synaptic transmission by complement components. Here, we report that loss of CD59, an important endogenous inhibitor of the complement system, leads to compromised spatial memory performance. Furthermore, CD59 deficiency impairs GABAergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). This depends on regulation of GABA release triggered by Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) rather than inhibitory synaptic pruning by microglia. Notably, CD59 colocalizes with inhibitory pre-synaptic terminals and regulates SNARE complex assembly. Together, these results demonstrate that the complement regulator CD59 plays an important role in normal hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Wen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zujun Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shumei Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaxi Zhan
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zuolong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Danlei Bi
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Xiao F, Guo J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of the complosome in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146167. [PMID: 36969185 PMCID: PMC10036758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is one of the immune system's oldest defense mechanisms and is historically regarded as a liver-derived and serum-active innate immune system that 'complements' cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against pathogens. However, the complement system is now recognized as a central component of both innate and adaptive immunity at both the systemic and local tissue levels. More findings have uncovered novel activities of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-that have shifted established functional paradigms in the field. The complosome has been shown to play a critical function in regulating T cell responses, cell physiology (such as metabolism), inflammatory disease processes, and cancer, which has amply proved its immense research potential and informed us that there is still much to learn about this system. Here, we summarize current understanding and discuss the emerging roles of the complosome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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12
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King BC, Blom AM. Intracellular complement: Evidence, definitions, controversies, and solutions. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:104-119. [PMID: 36100972 PMCID: PMC10086947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The term "intracellular complement" has been introduced recently as an umbrella term to distinguish functions of complement proteins that take place intracellularly, rather than in the extracellular environment. However, this rather undefined term leaves some confusion as to the classification of what intracellular complement really is, and as to which intracellular compartment(s) it should refer to. In this review, we will describe the evidence for both canonical and non-canonical functions of intracellular complement proteins, as well as the current controversies and unanswered questions as to the nature of the intracellular complement. We also suggest new terms to facilitate the accurate description and discussion of specific forms of intracellular complement and call for future experiments that will be required to provide more definitive evidence and a better understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular complement activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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13
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Li L, Ding P, Lv X, Xie S, Li L, Chen J, Zhou D, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhang W, Xu Y, Lu R, Hu W. CD59-Regulated Ras Compartmentalization Orchestrates Antitumor T-cell Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1475-1489. [PMID: 36206575 PMCID: PMC9716252 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
T cell-mediated immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment; however, it has achieved satisfactory clinical responses in only a limited population. Thus, a broader view of the T-cell immune response is required. The Ras/MAPK pathway operates in many important signaling cascades and regulates multiple cellular activities, including T-cell development, proliferation, and function. Herein, we found that the typical membrane-bound complement regulatory protein CD59 is located intracellularly in T cells and that the intracellular form is increased in the T cells of patients with cancer. When intracellular CD59 is abundant, it facilitates Ras transport to the inner plasma membrane via direct interaction; in contrast, when CD59 is insufficient or deficient, Ras is arrested in the Golgi, thus enhancing Ras/MAPK signaling and T-cell activation, proliferation, and function. mCd59ab deficiency almost completely abolished tumor growth and metastasis in tumor-bearing mice, in which CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly increased compared with their proportions in wild-type littermates, and their proportions were inversely correlated with tumor growth. Using bone marrow transplantation and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell depletion assays, we further demonstrated the critical roles of these cells in the potent antitumor activity induced by mCd59ab deficiency. Reducing CD59 expression also enhanced MAPK signaling and T-cell activation in human T cells. Therefore, the subcellular compartmentalization of Ras regulated by intracellular CD59 provides spatial selectivity for T-cell activation and a potential T cell-mediated immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Lv
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhong Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danlei Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Xu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Corresponding Author: Weiguo Hu, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Phone: 213-477-7590; Fax: 216-417-2585; E-mail:
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14
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Mao M, Lan Z, Peng Y, He J, Lu X, Li J, Xu P, Wu X, Cai X. Identification and functional characterization of complement regulatory protein CD59 in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:67-76. [PMID: 36191903 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD59, one of the essential inhibitors of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC), plays a crucial role in regulation of complement activation. In this study, we cloned and identified the CD59 gene (named ToCD59) of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). The ORF sequence of ToCD59 is 357 bp long encoding 118 amino acids with a molecular weight of 13.09 kDa. Prediction of protein domains showed that ToCD59 contained an Lu domain and a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) partial anchor. Homology comparisons indicated that ToCD59 shared the high sequence similarity with other fish CD59. RT-qPCR analysis showed that ToCD59 was expressed in all tested healthy tissues of golden pompano, with the highest level of expression in the brain. After stimulation with bacteria, ToCD59 expression levels were significantly up-regulated in head kidney, liver, gill and brain, but down-regulated in spleen. Subcellular localization results showed that ToCD59 localized to the cytoplasm of A549 cells. The hemolytic activity analysis showed that rToCD59 might have complement inhibitory activity through the alternative complement pathway. In addition, antibacterial test showed that rToCD59 had antibacterial ability against S. agalactiae and V. alginolyticus in vitro. These results suggest that ToCD59 might play an important role in the immune response against pathogens, which would provide basic information for elucidating the functional evolutionary history of complement system in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Mao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Zhenyu Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Yinhui Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Jin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Xinzhong Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China.
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15
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Habibe JJ, Clemente-Olivo MP, Scheithauer TPM, Rampanelli E, Herrema H, Vos M, Mieremet A, Nieuwdorp M, van Raalte DH, Eringa EC, de Vries CJM. Glucose-mediated insulin secretion is improved in FHL2-deficient mice and elevated FHL2 expression in humans is associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1721-1733. [PMID: 35802167 PMCID: PMC9477948 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The general population is ageing, involving an enhanced incidence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. With ageing, DNA methylation of FHL2 increases, as well as expression of the four and a half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) protein in human pancreatic islets. We hypothesised that FHL2 is actively involved in glucose metabolism. METHODS Publicly available microarray datasets from human pancreatic islets were analysed for FHL2 expression. In FHL2-deficient mice, we studied glucose clearance and insulin secretion. Gene expression analysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were determined in isolated murine FHL2-deficient islets to evaluate insulin-secretory capacity. Moreover, knockdown and overexpression of FHL2 were accomplished in MIN6 cells to delineate the underlying mechanism of FHL2 function. RESULTS Transcriptomics of human pancreatic islets revealed that individuals with elevated levels of HbA1c displayed increased FHL2 expression, which correlated negatively with insulin secretion pathways. In line with this observation, FHL2-deficient mice cleared glucose more efficiently than wild-type littermates through increased plasma insulin levels. Insulin sensitivity was comparable between these genotypes. Interestingly, pancreatic islets isolated from FHL2-deficient mice secreted more insulin in GSIS assays than wild-type mouse islets even though insulin content and islet size was similar. To support this observation, we demonstrated increased expression of the transcription factor crucial in insulin secretion, MAF BZIP transcription factor A (MafA), higher expression of GLUT2 and reduced expression of the adverse factor c-Jun in FHL2-deficient islets. The underlying mechanism of FHL2 was further delineated in MIN6 cells. FHL2-knockdown led to enhanced activation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and its downstream genes such as Mafa and Pdx1 (encoding pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1), as well as increased glucose uptake. On the other hand, FHL2 overexpression in MIN6 cells blocked GSIS, increased the formation of reactive oxygen species and increased c-Jun activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrate that FHL2 deficiency improves insulin secretion from beta cells and improves glucose tolerance in mice. Given that FHL2 expression in humans increases with age and that high expression levels of FHL2 are associated with beta cell dysfunction, we propose that enhanced FHL2 expression in elderly individuals contributes to glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The human islet microarray datasets used are publicly available and can be found on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayron J Habibe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria P Clemente-Olivo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Torsten P M Scheithauer
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnout Mieremet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Wiltbank AT, Steinson ER, Criswell SJ, Piller M, Kucenas S. Cd59 and inflammation regulate Schwann cell development. eLife 2022; 11:e76640. [PMID: 35748863 PMCID: PMC9232220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient neurotransmission is essential for organism survival and is enhanced by myelination. However, the genes that regulate myelin and myelinating glial cell development have not been fully characterized. Data from our lab and others demonstrates that cd59, which encodes for a small GPI-anchored glycoprotein, is highly expressed in developing zebrafish, rodent, and human oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells (SCs), and that patients with CD59 dysfunction develop neurological dysfunction during early childhood. Yet, the function of Cd59 in the developing nervous system is currently undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that cd59 is expressed in a subset of developing SCs. Using cd59 mutant zebrafish, we show that developing SCs proliferate excessively and nerves may have reduced myelin volume, altered myelin ultrastructure, and perturbed node of Ranvier assembly. Finally, we demonstrate that complement activity is elevated in cd59 mutants and that inhibiting inflammation restores SC proliferation, myelin volume, and nodes of Ranvier to wildtype levels. Together, this work identifies Cd59 and developmental inflammation as key players in myelinating glial cell development, highlighting the collaboration between glia and the innate immune system to ensure normal neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtyn T Wiltbank
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Emma R Steinson
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Stacey J Criswell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Melanie Piller
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
- Department of Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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17
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Alternative splicing encodes functional intracellular CD59 isoforms that mediate insulin secretion and are down-regulated in diabetic islets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120083119. [PMID: 35666870 PMCID: PMC9214515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This project describes the existence of previously unknown non–GPI-anchored CD59 isoforms required for insulin secretion, named CD59–IRIS-1 and CD59–IRIS-2, and finds reduced expression of CD59-IRIS isoforms in human diabetic islets, showing a link between dysregulation of IRIS isoforms and defects in insulin secretion in diabetic patients. These data open a path for future studies into CD59-IRIS expression and function in additional cell types capable of regulated secretion. Identification of additional specific CD59-IRIS binding partners within the cell could provide therapeutic targets for enhancement of insulin secretion in T2D. Human pancreatic islets highly express CD59, which is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface protein and is required for insulin secretion. How cell-surface CD59 could interact with intracellular exocytotic machinery has so far not been described. We now demonstrate the existence of CD59 splice variants in human pancreatic islets, which have unique C-terminal domains replacing the GPI-anchoring signal sequence. These isoforms are found in the cytosol of β-cells, interact with SNARE proteins VAMP2 and SNAP25, colocalize with insulin granules, and rescue insulin secretion in CD59-knockout (KO) cells. We therefore named these isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 (Isoforms Rescuing Insulin Secretion 1 and 2). Antibodies raised against each isoform revealed that expression of both IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 is significantly lower in islets isolated from human type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, as compared to healthy controls. Further, glucotoxicity induced in primary, healthy human islets led to a significant decrease of IRIS-1 expression, suggesting that hyperglycemia (raised glucose levels) and subsequent decreased IRIS-1 expression may contribute to relative insulin deficiency in T2D patients. Similar isoforms were also identified in the mouse CD59B gene, and targeted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout showed that these intracellular isoforms, but not canonical CD59B, are involved in insulin secretion from mouse β-cells. Mouse IRIS-2 is also down-regulated in diabetic db/db mouse islets. These findings establish the endogenous existence of previously undescribed non–GPI-anchored intracellular isoforms of human CD59 and mouse CD59B, which are required for normal insulin secretion.
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18
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Kawaguchi K, Yamamoto-Hino M, Goto S. SPPL3-dependent downregulation of the synthesis of (neo)lacto-series glycosphingolipid is required for the staining of cell surface CD59. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 571:81-87. [PMID: 34303967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CD59 is a small glycoprotein modified with a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that prevents the formation of the membrane attack complex, thereby protecting host cells from lysis. A previous study identified that cell surface CD59 staining required the intramembrane protease signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3). However, the effect of SPPL3 on the staining of CD59 remains unknown. This study shows that SPPL3 is essential for the surface labeling of CD59 but not of major GPI-anchored proteins. Surface CD59 staining requires the intramembrane protease activity of SPPL3 and SPPL3-mediated suppression of the (neo)lacto-series glycosphingolipids (nsGSLs)-but not N-glycan-synthesis pathway. The abundance of nsGSLs may affect complement-dependent cytotoxicity by altering the abundance or accessibility of cell surface CD59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Yamamoto-Hino
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
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19
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King BC, Blom AM. Complement in metabolic disease: metaflammation and a two-edged sword. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:829-841. [PMID: 34159399 PMCID: PMC8613079 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We are currently experiencing an enduring global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. It is now understood that chronic low-grade tissue inflammation plays an important role in metabolic disease, brought upon by increased uptake of a so-called Western diet, and a more sedentary lifestyle. Many evolutionarily conserved links exist between metabolism and the immune system, and an imbalance in this system induced by chronic over-nutrition has been termed 'metaflammation'. The complement system is an important and evolutionarily ancient part of innate immunity, but recent work has revealed that complement not only is involved in the recognition of pathogens and induction of inflammation, but also plays important roles in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Complement can therefore contribute both positively and negatively to metabolic control, depending on the nature and anatomical site of its activity. This review will therefore focus on the interactions of complement with mechanisms and tissues relevant for metabolic control, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C King
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Subbarayan K, Ulagappan K, Wickenhauser C, Bachmann M, Seliger B. Immune Interaction Map of Human SARS-CoV-2 Target Genes: Implications for Therapeutic Avenues. Front Immunol 2021; 12:597399. [PMID: 33796097 PMCID: PMC8007772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.597399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists increasing evidence that people with preceding medical conditions, such as diabetes and cancer, have a higher risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and are more vulnerable to severe disease. To get insights into the possible role of the immune system upon COVID-19 infection, 2811 genes of the gene ontology term “immune system process GO: 0002376” were selected for coexpression analysis of the human targets of SARS-CoV-2 (HT-SARS-CoV-2) ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in tissue samples from patients with cancer and diabetes mellitus. The network between HT-SARS-CoV-2 and immune system process genes was analyzed based on functional protein associations using STRING. In addition, STITCH was employed to determine druggable targets. DPP4 was the only immune system process gene, which was coexpressed with the three HT-SARS-CoV-2 genes, while eight other immune genes were at least coexpressed with two HT-SARS-CoV-2 genes. STRING analysis between immune and HT-SARS-CoV-2 genes plotted 19 associations of which there were eight common networking genes in mixed healthy (323) and pan-cancer (11003) tissues in addition to normal (87), cancer (90), and diabetic (128) pancreatic tissues. Using this approach, three commonly applicable druggable connections between HT-SARS-CoV-2 and immune system process genes were identified. These include positive associations of ACE2—DPP4 and TMPRSS2—SRC as well as a negative association of FURIN with ADAM17. Furthermore, 16 drugs were extracted from STITCH (score <0.8) with 32 target genes. Thus, an immunological network associated with HT-SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics tools was identified leading to novel therapeutic opportunities for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Subbarayan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Kamatchi Ulagappan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center "Carl Gustav Carus," Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Cell therapy and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Malik A, Thanekar U, Amarachintha S, Mourya R, Nalluri S, Bondoc A, Shivakumar P. "Complimenting the Complement": Mechanistic Insights and Opportunities for Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:627701. [PMID: 33718121 PMCID: PMC7943925 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.627701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. HCC remains a global health problem and is highly aggressive with unfavorable prognosis. Even with surgical interventions and newer medical treatment regimens, patients with HCC have poor survival rates. These limited therapeutic strategies and mechanistic understandings of HCC immunopathogenesis urgently warrant non-palliative treatment measures. Irrespective of the multitude etiologies, the liver microenvironment in HCC is intricately associated with chronic necroinflammation, progressive fibrosis, and cirrhosis as precedent events along with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Central to these immunological networks is the complement cascade (CC), a fundamental defense system inherent to the liver which tightly regulates humoral and cellular responses to noxious stimuli. Importantly, the liver is the primary source for biosynthesis of >80% of complement components and expresses a variety of complement receptors. Recent studies implicate the complement system in liver inflammation, abnormal regenerative responses, fibrosis, carcinogenesis, and development of HCC. Although complement activation differentially promotes immunosuppressive, stimulant, and angiogenic microenvironments conducive to HCC development, it remains under-investigated. Here, we review derangement of specific complement proteins in HCC in the context of altered complement regulatory factors, immune-activating components, and their implications in disease pathogenesis. We also summarize how complement molecules regulate cancer stem cells (CSCs), interact with complement-coagulation cascades, and provide therapeutic opportunities for targeted intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Malik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Unmesha Thanekar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Surya Amarachintha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Reena Mourya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shreya Nalluri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alexander Bondoc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pranavkumar Shivakumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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22
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Chatterjee Bhowmick D, Ahn M, Oh E, Veluthakal R, Thurmond DC. Conventional and Unconventional Mechanisms by which Exocytosis Proteins Oversee β-cell Function and Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1833. [PMID: 33673206 PMCID: PMC7918544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and beyond, reaching global pandemic proportions. One hallmark of T2D is dysfunctional glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell. Insulin is secreted via the recruitment of insulin secretory granules to the plasma membrane, where the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and SNARE regulators work together to dock the secretory granules and release insulin into the circulation. SNARE proteins and their regulators include the Syntaxins, SNAPs, Sec1/Munc18, VAMPs, and double C2-domain proteins. Recent studies using genomics, proteomics, and biochemical approaches have linked deficiencies of exocytosis proteins with the onset and progression of T2D. Promising results are also emerging wherein restoration or enhancement of certain exocytosis proteins to β-cells improves whole-body glucose homeostasis, enhances β-cell function, and surprisingly, protection of β-cell mass. Intriguingly, overexpression and knockout studies have revealed novel functions of certain exocytosis proteins, like Syntaxin 4, suggesting that exocytosis proteins can impact a variety of pathways, including inflammatory signaling and aging. In this review, we present the conventional and unconventional functions of β-cell exocytosis proteins in normal physiology and T2D and describe how these insights might improve clinical care for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (D.C.B.); (M.A.); (E.O.); (R.V.)
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23
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Insulin granule biogenesis and exocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1957-1970. [PMID: 33146746 PMCID: PMC7966131 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is produced by pancreatic β-cells, and once released to the blood, the hormone stimulates glucose uptake and suppresses glucose production. Defects in both the availability and action of insulin lead to elevated plasma glucose levels and are major hallmarks of type-2 diabetes. Insulin is stored in secretory granules that form at the trans-Golgi network. The granules undergo extensive modifications en route to their release sites at the plasma membrane, including changes in both protein and lipid composition of the granule membrane and lumen. In parallel, the insulin molecules also undergo extensive modifications that render the hormone biologically active. In this review, we summarize current understanding of insulin secretory granule biogenesis, maturation, transport, docking, priming and eventual fusion with the plasma membrane. We discuss how different pools of granules form and how these pools contribute to insulin secretion under different conditions. We also highlight the role of the β-cell in the development of type-2 diabetes and discuss how dysregulation of one or several steps in the insulin granule life cycle may contribute to disease development or progression.
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24
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Lawlor N, Márquez EJ, Orchard P, Narisu N, Shamim MS, Thibodeau A, Varshney A, Kursawe R, Erdos MR, Kanke M, Gu H, Pak E, Dutra A, Russell S, Li X, Piecuch E, Luo O, Chines PS, Fuchbserger C, Sethupathy P, Aiden AP, Ruan Y, Aiden EL, Collins FS, Ucar D, Parker SCJ, Stitzel ML. Multiomic Profiling Identifies cis-Regulatory Networks Underlying Human Pancreatic β Cell Identity and Function. Cell Rep 2020; 26:788-801.e6. [PMID: 30650367 PMCID: PMC6389269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EndoC-βH1 is emerging as a critical human β cell model to study the genetic and environmental etiologies of β cell (dys)function and diabetes. Comprehensive knowledge of its molecular landscape is lacking, yet required, for effective use of this model. Here, we report chromosomal (spectral karyotyping), genetic (genotyping), epigenomic (ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq), chromatin interaction (Hi-C and Pol2 ChIA-PET), and transcriptomic (RNA-seq and miRNA-seq) maps of EndoC-βH1. Analyses of these maps define known (e.g., PDX1 and ISL1) and putative (e.g., PCSK1 and mir-375) β cell-specific transcriptional cis-regulatory networks and identify allelic effects on cis-regulatory element use. Importantly, comparison with maps generated in primary human islets and/or β cells indicates preservation of chromatin looping but also highlights chromosomal aberrations and fetal genomic signatures in EndoC-βH1. Together, these maps, and a web application we created for their exploration, provide important tools for the design of experiments to probe and manipulate the genetic programs governing β cell identity and (dys)function in diabetes. EndoC-βH1 is becoming an important cellular model to study genes and pathways governing human β cell identity and function, but its (epi)genomic similarity to primary human islets is unknown. Lawlor et al. complete and compare extensive EndoC and primary human islet multiomic maps to identify shared and distinct genomic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Lawlor
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Eladio J Márquez
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Peter Orchard
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Narisu Narisu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Muhammad Saad Shamim
- Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Computer Science, Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Asa Thibodeau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Romy Kursawe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael R Erdos
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Huiya Gu
- Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evgenia Pak
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amalia Dutra
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheikh Russell
- Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Computer Science, Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xingwang Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Emaly Piecuch
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Oscar Luo
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Peter S Chines
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian Fuchbserger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Aviva Presser Aiden
- Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Erez Lieberman Aiden
- Center for Genome Architecture, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Computer Science, Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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25
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Shim K, Begum R, Yang C, Wang H. Complement activation in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:1-12. [PMID: 31938469 PMCID: PMC6927818 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplified inflammatory reaction has been observed to be involved in cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The complement system was originally viewed as a supportive first line of defense against microbial invaders, and research over the past decade has come to appreciate that the functions of the complement system extend beyond the defense and elimination of microbes, involving in such diverse processes as clearance of the immune complexes, complementing T and B cell immune functions, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. The focus of this review is to summarize the role of the activation of complement system and the initiation and progression of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In addition, we briefly describe the interaction of the activation of the complement system with diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, highlighting that targeting complement system therapeutics could be one of possible routes to slow down those aforementioned diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyumin Shim
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Rayhana Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Catherine Yang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- California Northstate University College of Graduate Studies, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States
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26
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Golec E, Rosberg R, Zhang E, Renström E, Blom AM, King BC. A cryptic non-GPI-anchored cytosolic isoform of CD59 controls insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β-cells by interaction with SNARE proteins. FASEB J 2019; 33:12425-12434. [PMID: 31412214 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901007r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CD59 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC). We showed previously that CD59 is highly expressed in pancreatic islets but is down-regulated in rodent models of diabetes. CD59 knockdown but not enzymatic removal of cell surface CD59 led to a loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), suggesting that an intracellular pool of CD59 is required. In this current paper, we now report that non-GPI-anchored CD59 is present in the cytoplasm, colocalizes with exocytotic protein vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, and completely rescues GSIS in cells lacking endogenous CD59 expression. The involvement of cytosolic non-GPI-anchored CD59 in GSIS is supported in phosphatidylinositol glycan class A knockout GPI anchor-deficient β-cells, in which GSIS is still CD59 dependent. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated different structural requirements of CD59 for its 2 functions, MAC inhibition and GSIS. Our results suggest that CD59 is retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol, a process mediated by recognition of trimmed N-linked oligosaccharides, supported by the partial glycosylation of non-GPI-anchored cytosolic CD59 as well as the failure of N-linked glycosylation site mutant CD59 to reach the cytosol or rescue GSIS. This study thus proposes the previously undescribed existence of non-GPI-anchored cytosolic CD59, which is required for insulin secretion.-Golec, E., Rosberg, R., Zhang, E., Renström, E., Blom, A. M., King, B. C. A cryptic non-GPI-anchored cytosolic isoform of CD59 controls insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β-cells by interaction with SNARE proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Golec
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Rosberg
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ben C King
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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27
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Role of complement in diabetes. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:270-277. [PMID: 31400630 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the complement system in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the vascular complications that characterise this condition. Complement proteins contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) by enhancing the underlying organ-specific autoimmune processes. Complement upregulation and activation is also an important feature of insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, animal and human studies indicate that complement proteins are involved in the pathogenic mechanisms leading to diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications. The adverse vascular effects of complement appear to be related to enhancement of the inflammatory process and the predisposition to a thrombotic environment, eventually leading to vascular occlusion. Complement proteins have been considered as therapeutic targets to prevent or treat vascular disease but studies have been mainly conducted in animal models, while human work has been both limited and inconclusive so far. Further studies are needed to understand the potential role of complement proteins as therapeutic targets for reversal of the pathological processes leading to T1D and T2D and for the prevention/treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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28
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Luo SW, Wei W, Yang P, Lai CM, Liang QJ, Liu Y, Wang WN. Characterization of a CD59 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:486-497. [PMID: 30980917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CD59, a multifunctional glycoprotein, not only plays a regulatory role in complement cascades, but also participates in modulation of teleostean immunity. In this study, full length sequence of EcCD59 was obtained, comprising a 5'UTR of 163 bp, an ORF of 354 bp and a 3'UTR of 559 bp. EcCD59 gene encoded a polypeptide of 117 amino acids. Tissue-specific analysis revealed that the highest expression of EcCD59 mRNA was observed in muscle. Vibrio alginolyticus challenge can significantly increase EcCD59 mRNA expression in liver, kidney and spleen. EcCD59 distribution was detected by a combined approach using GFP-overexpression, immunofluorescence and ELISA assay, indicating that EcCD59 may be predominantly aggregated in cellular membrane. Both EcCD59 and EcCD59delGPI can directly bind to V. alginolyticus and decrease the in vitro growth of V. alginolyticus. Additionally, vibrio injection experiment indicated that the binding of EcCD59 or EcCD59delGPI to V. alginolyticus can restrict its growth rate in vivo. In this study, we found that EcCD59 may be involved in immune defense against vibrio infection in a complement-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Chu-Min Lai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Qing-Jian Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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29
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Geller A, Yan J. The Role of Membrane Bound Complement Regulatory Proteins in Tumor Development and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1074. [PMID: 31164885 PMCID: PMC6536589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been understood that the control and surveillance of tumors within the body involves an intricate dance between the adaptive and innate immune systems. At the center of the interplay between the adaptive and innate immune response sits the complement system—an evolutionarily ancient response that aids in the destruction of microorganisms and damaged cells, including cancer cells. Membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs), such as CD46, CD55, and CD59, are expressed throughout the body in order to prevent over-activation of the complement system. These mCRPs act as a double-edged sword however, as they can also over-regulate the complement system to the extent that it is no longer effective at eliminating cancerous cells. Recent studies are now indicating that mCRPs may function as a biomarker of a malignant transformation in numerous cancer types, and further, are being shown to interfere with anti-tumor treatments. This highlights the critical roles that therapeutic blockade of mCRPs can play in cancer treatment. Furthermore, with the complement system having the ability to both directly and indirectly control adaptive T-cell responses, the use of a combinatorial approach of complement-related therapy along with other T-cell activating therapies becomes a logical approach to treatment. This review will highlight the biomarker-related role that mCRP expression may have in the classification of tumor phenotype and predicted response to different anti-cancer treatments in the context of an emerging understanding that complement activation within the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) is actually harmful for tumor control. We will discuss what is known about complement activation and mCRPs relating to cancer and immunotherapy, and will examine the potential for combinatorial approaches of anti-mCRP therapy with other anti-tumor therapies, especially checkpoint inhibitors such as anti PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Overall, mCRPs play an essential role in the immune response to tumors, and understanding their role in the immune response, particularly in modulating currently used cancer therapeutics may lead to better clinical outcomes in patients with diverse cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jun Yan
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, The James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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30
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King BC, Kulak K, Krus U, Rosberg R, Golec E, Wozniak K, Gomez MF, Zhang E, O'Connell DJ, Renström E, Blom AM. Complement Component C3 Is Highly Expressed in Human Pancreatic Islets and Prevents β Cell Death via ATG16L1 Interaction and Autophagy Regulation. Cell Metab 2019; 29:202-210.e6. [PMID: 30293775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We show here that human pancreatic islets highly express C3, which is both secreted and present in the cytosol. Within isolated human islets, C3 expression correlates with type 2 diabetes (T2D) donor status, HbA1c, and inflammation. Islet C3 expression is also upregulated in several rodent diabetes models. C3 interacts with ATG16L1, which is essential for autophagy. Autophagy relieves cellular stresses faced by β cells during T2D and maintains cellular homeostasis. C3 knockout in clonal β cells impaired autophagy and led to increased apoptosis after exposure of cells to palmitic acid and IAPP. In the absence of C3, autophagosomes do not undergo fusion with lysosomes. Thus, C3 may be upregulated in islets during T2D as a cytoprotective factor against β cell dysfunction caused by impaired autophagy. Therefore, we revealed a previously undescribed intracellular function for C3, connecting the complement system directly to autophagy, with a broad potential importance in other diseases and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klaudia Kulak
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Rosberg
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewelina Golec
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Wozniak
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - David J O'Connell
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik Renström
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 214-28 Malmö, Sweden.
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31
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Abstract
Autophagy prevents pancreatic β cell death during obesity, although the mechanism of autophagy activation in the β cell has remained elusive. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, King et al. (2018) show that intracellular complement component C3 interacts with autophagy protein ATG16L1 and protects against β cell death by stimulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Karbian N, Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Tabib A, Hoizman H, Morgan BP, Schueler-Furman O, Peles E, Mevorach D. Molecular pathogenesis of human CD59 deficiency. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e280. [PMID: 30533526 PMCID: PMC6244018 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To characterize all 4 mutations described for CD59 congenital deficiency. Methods The 4 mutations, p.Cys64Tyr, p.Asp24Val, p.Asp24Valfs*, and p.Ala16Alafs*, were described in 13 individuals with CD59 malfunction. All 13 presented with recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, recurrent strokes, and chronic hemolysis. Here, we track the molecular consequences of the 4 mutations and their effects on CD59 expression, localization, glycosylation, degradation, secretion, and function. Mutants were cloned and inserted into plasmids to analyze their expression, localization, and functionality. Results Immunolabeling of myc-tagged wild-type (WT) and mutant CD59 proteins revealed cell surface expression of p.Cys64Tyr and p.Asp24Val detected with the myc antibody, but no labeling by anti-CD59 antibodies. In contrast, frameshift mutants p.Asp24Valfs* and p.Ala16Alafs* were detected only intracellularly and did not reach the cell surface. Western blot analysis showed normal glycosylation but mutant-specific secretion patterns. All mutants significantly increased MAC-dependent cell lysis compared with WT. In contrast to CD59 knockout mice previously used to characterize phenotypic effects of CD59 perturbation, all 4 hCD59 mutations generate CD59 proteins that are expressed and may function intracellularly (4) or on the cell membrane (2). None of the 4 CD59 mutants are detected by known anti-CD59 antibodies, including the 2 variants present on the cell membrane. None of the 4 inhibits membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. Conclusions All 4 mutants generate nonfunctional CD59, 2 are expressed as cell surface proteins that may function in non-MAC-related interactions and 2 are expressed only intracellularly. Distinct secretion of soluble CD59 may have also a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Karbian
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Tabib
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hila Hoizman
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elior Peles
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Rheumatology Research Center (N.K., A.T., H.H., D.M.), Center of Rare Diseases, and Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; The Weizmann Institute (Y.E.-E., E.P.), Rehovot, Israel; Systems Immunity Research Institute (B.P.M.), Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; and Hebrew University (O.S.-F., D.M.), Jerusalem, Israel
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Dalmas E. Innate immune priming of insulin secretion. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 56:44-49. [PMID: 30342375 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for the immune system to finely tune metabolic homeostasis. The possibility that the immune system can likewise regulate islet endocrine function has only commenced drawing attention. Islet beta cells are the main producers of insulin and have to dynamically respond to fluctuating insulin demands of the body. While inflammation has long been considered as an important pathogenic feature of diabetes development, pioneer studies have shown that immune cells reside inside pancreatic islets under steady state and that components of the immune system can promote beta cell insulin production. The present review will thus highlight the recent research on specific immune pathways regulating beta cell function discussing the beneficial influence of innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dalmas
- French Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Cordeliers Research Center UMR_S 1138, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
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Medina A, Parween S, Ullsten S, Vishnu N, Siu YT, Quach M, Bennet H, Balhuizen A, Åkesson L, Wierup N, Carlsson PO, Ahlgren U, Lernmark Å, Fex M. Early deficits in insulin secretion, beta cell mass and islet blood perfusion precede onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in BioBreeding rats. Diabetologia 2018; 61:896-905. [PMID: 29209740 PMCID: PMC6448977 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genetic studies show coupling of genes affecting beta cell function to type 1 diabetes, but hitherto no studies on whether beta cell dysfunction could precede insulitis and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes are available. METHODS We used 40-day-old BioBreeding (BB) DRLyp/Lyp rats (a model of spontaneous autoimmune type 1 diabetes) and diabetes-resistant DRLyp/+ and DR+/+ littermates (controls) to investigate beta cell function in vivo, and insulin and glucagon secretion in vitro. Beta cell mass was assessed by optical projection tomography (OPT) and morphometry. Additionally, measurements of intra-islet blood flow were performed using microsphere injections. We also assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine expression in islets (by immunohistochemistry and qPCR), as well as islet Glut2 expression and ATP/ADP ratio to determine effects on glucose uptake and metabolism in beta cells. RESULTS DRLyp/Lyp rats were normoglycaemic and without traces of immune cell infiltrates. However, IVGTTs revealed a significant decrease in the acute insulin response to glucose compared with control rats (1685.3 ± 121.3 vs 633.3 ± 148.7; p < 0.0001). In agreement, insulin secretion was severely perturbed in isolated islets, and both first- and second-phase insulin release were lowered compared with control rats, while glucagon secretion was similar in both groups. Interestingly, after 5-7 days of culture of islets from DRLyp/Lyp rats in normal media, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was improved; although, a significant decrease in GSIS was still evident compared with islets from control rats at this time (7393.9 ± 1593.7 vs 4416.8 ± 1230.5 pg islet-1 h-1; p < 0.0001). Compared with controls, OPT of whole pancreas from DRLyp/Lyp rats revealed significant reductions in medium (4.1 × 109 ± 9.5 × 107 vs 3.8 × 109 ± 5.8 × 107 μm3; p = 0.044) and small sized islets (1.6 × 109 ± 5.1 × 107 vs 1.4 × 109 ± 4.5 × 107 μm3; p = 0.035). Finally, we found lower intra-islet blood perfusion in vivo (113.1 ± 16.8 vs 76.9 ± 11.8 μl min-1 [g pancreas]-1; p = 0.023) and alterations in the beta cell ATP/ADP ratio in DRLyp/Lyp rats vs control rats. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study identifies a deterioration of beta cell function and mass, and intra-islet blood flow that precedes insulitis and diabetes development in animals prone to autoimmune type 1 diabetes. These underlying changes in islet function may be previously unrecognised factors of importance in type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Medina
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Saba Parween
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Ullsten
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neelanjan Vishnu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuk Ting Siu
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - My Quach
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Bennet
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Balhuizen
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lina Åkesson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Ola Carlsson
- Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Jan Waldentrömsgata 35, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
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Slieker RC, van der Heijden AAWA, van Leeuwen N, Mei H, Nijpels G, Beulens JWJ, 't Hart LM. HbA 1c is associated with altered expression in blood of cell cycle- and immune response-related genes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:138-146. [PMID: 29159468 PMCID: PMC6448931 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals with type 2 diabetes are heterogeneous in their glycaemic control as tracked by blood HbA1c levels. Here, we investigated the extent to which gene expression levels in blood reflect current and future HbA1c levels. METHODS HbA1c levels at baseline and 1 and 2 year follow-up were compared with gene expression levels in 391 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Hoorn Diabetes Care System Cohort (15,564 genes, RNA sequencing). The functions of associated baseline genes were investigated further using pathway enrichment analysis. Using publicly available data, we investigated whether the genes identified are also associated with HbA1c in the target tissues, muscle and pancreas. RESULTS At baseline, 220 genes (1.4%) were associated with baseline HbA1c. Identified genes were enriched for cell cycle and complement system activation pathways. The association of 15 genes extended to the target tissues, muscle (n = 113) and pancreatic islets (n = 115). At follow-up, expression of 25 genes (0.16%) associated with 1 year HbA1c and nine genes (0.06%) with 2 year HbA1c. Five genes overlapped across all time points, and 18 additional genes between baseline and 1 year follow-up. After adjustment for baseline HbA1c, the number of significant genes at 1 and 2 years markedly decreased, suggesting that gene expression levels in whole blood reflect the current glycaemic state and but not necessarily the future glycaemic state. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes are associated with expression levels of genes that link to the cell cycle and complement system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amber A W A van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Leeuwen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Vlaicu SI, Tatomir A, Boodhoo D, Vesa S, Mircea PA, Rus H. The role of complement system in adipose tissue-related inflammation. Immunol Res 2017; 64:653-64. [PMID: 26754764 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the common factor linking adipose tissue to the metabolic context of obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory status, to which the complement system is an important contributor. Adipose tissue synthesizes complement proteins and is a target of complement activation. C3a-desArg/acylation-stimulating protein stimulates lipogenesis and affects lipid metabolism. The C3a receptor and C5aR are involved in the development of adipocytes' insulin resistance through macrophage infiltration and the activation of adipose tissue. The terminal complement pathway has been found to be instrumental in promoting hyperglycemia-associated tissue damage, which is characteristic of the major vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis. As a mediator of the effects of the terminal complement complex C5b-9, RGC-32 has an impact on energy expenditure as well as lipid and glucose metabolic homeostasis. All of this evidence, taken together, indicates an important role for complement activation in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia I Vlaicu
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dallas Boodhoo
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Stefan Vesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petru A Mircea
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, BRB 12-033, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Research Service, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Veterans Administration Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Borné Y, Muhammad IF, Lorés-Motta L, Hedblad B, Nilsson PM, Melander O, de Jong EK, Blom AM, den Hollander AI, Engström G. Complement C3 Associates With Incidence of Diabetes, but No Evidence of a Causal Relationship. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4477-4485. [PMID: 29029276 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explored whether complement factor 3 (C3) in plasma is associated with incidence of diabetes in a population-based cohort. We also identified genetic variants related to C3 and explored whether C3 and diabetes share common genetic determinants. METHODS C3 was analyzed in plasma from 4368 nondiabetic subjects, 46 to 68 years old, from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Incidence of diabetes was studied in relationship to C3 levels during 17.7± 4.4 years of follow-up. Genotypes associated with C3 were identified in a genome-wide association study. Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-Analysis and the European Genetic Database were used for in silico look-up. RESULTS In all, 538 (12.3%) subjects developed diabetes during 18 years of follow-up. High C3 was significantly associated with incidence of diabetes after risk factor adjustments (hazard ratio comparing 4th vs 1st quartile, 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 2.09; P = 0.005). C3 was associated with polymorphisms at the complement factor H locus (P < 10-8). However, no relationship with diabetes was observed for this locus. Another eight loci were associated with C3 with P < 10-5. One of them, the glucose kinase regulatory protein (GCKR) locus, has been previously associated with diabetes. The relationship between C3 levels and the GCKR locus was replicated in the European Genetic Database cohort. CONCLUSIONS Plasma concentration of C3 is a risk marker for incidence of diabetes. The results suggest that this association could, in part, be explained by pleiotropic effects related to the GCKR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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Chan PC, Wang YC, Chen YL, Hsu WN, Tian YF, Hsieh PS. Importance of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling in the detrimental effect of CRP on pancreatic insulin secretion. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:200-211. [PMID: 28778482 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are positively correlated with the progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of CRP on pancreatic insulin secretion is unknown. Here, we showed that purified human CRP impaired insulin secretion in isolated mouse islets and NIT-1 insulin-secreting cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. CRP increased NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, which simultaneously promoted the production of nitrotyrosine (an indicator of RNS, reactive nitrogen species) and TNFα, to diminish cell viability, insulin secretion in islets and insulin-secreting cells. These CRP-mediated detrimental effects on cell viability and insulin secretion were significantly reversed by adding NAC (a potent antioxidant), apocynin (a selective NADPH oxidase inhibitor), L-NAME (a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor), aminoguanidine (a selective iNOS inhibitor), PDTC (a selective NFκB inhibitor) or Enbrel (an anti-TNFα fusion protein). However, CRP-induced ROS production failed to change after adding L-NAME, aminoguanidine or PDTC. In isolated islets and NIT-1 cells, the elevated nitrotyrosine contents by CRP pretreatment were significantly suppressed by adding L-NAME but not PDTC. Conversely, CRP-induced increases in TNF-α production were significantly reversed by administration of PDTC but not L-NAME. In addition, wild-type mice treated with purified human CRP showed significant decreases in the insulin secretion index (HOMA-β cells) and the insulin stimulation index in isolated islets that were reversed by the addition of L-NAME, aminoguanidine or NAC. It is suggested that CRP-activated NADPH-oxidase redox signaling triggers iNOS-mediated RNS and NFκB-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production to cause β cell damage in state of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Chan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ning Hsu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yung Kung campus, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Sanxia, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kulak K, Westermark GT, Papac-Milicevic N, Renström E, Blom AM, King BC. The human serum protein C4b-binding protein inhibits pancreatic IAPP-induced inflammasome activation. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1522-1533. [PMID: 28500395 PMCID: PMC5491568 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β production is a driver of islet pathology in type 2 diabetes. Oligomers, but not mature amyloid fibrils, of human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which is co-secreted with insulin, trigger NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. C4b-binding protein (C4BP), present in serum, binds to IAPP and affects transition of IAPP monomers and oligomers to amyloid fibrils. We therefore hypothesised that C4BP inhibits IAPP-mediated inflammasome activation and IL-1β production. METHODS Macrophages were exposed to IAPP in the presence or absence of plasma-purified human C4BP, and inflammasome activation was assessed by IL-1β secretion as detected by ELISA and reporter cell lines. IAPP fibrillation was assessed by thioflavin T assay. Uptake of IAPP-C4BP complexes and their effects on phagolysosomal stability were assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The effect of C4BP regulation of IAPP-mediated inflammasome activation on beta cell function was assessed using a clonal rat beta cell line. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the association of IAPP amyloid deposits and macrophage infiltration in isolated human and mouse pancreatic islets, and expression of C4BP from isolated human pancreatic islets was assessed by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS C4BP significantly inhibited IAPP-mediated IL-1β secretion from primed macrophages at physiological concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. C4BP bound to and was internalised together with IAPP. C4BP did not affect IAPP uptake into phagolysosomal compartments, although it did inhibit its formation into amyloid fibrils. The loss of macrophage phagolysosomal integrity induced by IAPP incubation was inhibited by co-incubation with C4BP. Supernatant fractions from macrophages activated with IAPP inhibited both insulin secretion and viability of clonal beta cells in an IL-1β-dependent manner but the presence of C4BP during macrophage IAPP incubation rescued beta cell function and viability. In human and mouse islets, the presence of amyloid deposits correlated with higher numbers of infiltrating macrophages. Isolated human islets expressed and secreted C4BP, which increased with addition of IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION IAPP deposition is associated with inflammatory cell infiltrates in pancreatic islets. C4BP blocks IAPP-induced inflammasome activation by preventing the loss of macrophage phagolysosomal integrity required for NLRP3 activation. The consequence of this is the preservation of beta cell function and viability. C4BP is secreted directly from human pancreatic islets and this increases in response to inflammatory cytokines. We therefore propose that C4BP acts as an extracellular chaperone protein that limits the proinflammatory effects of IAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kulak
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 53, Skåne University Hospital, S20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Erik Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 53, Skåne University Hospital, S20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ben C King
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Gata 53, Skåne University Hospital, S20502, Malmö, Sweden.
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Abstract
The complement system is an arm of innate immunity that aids in the removal of pathogens and dying cells. Due to its harmful, pro-inflammatory potential, complement is controlled by several soluble and membrane-bound inhibitors. This family of complement regulators has been recently extended by the discovery of several new members, and it is becoming apparent that these proteins harbour additional functions. In this review, the current state of knowledge of the physiological functions of four complement regulators will be described: cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), CUB and sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1), sushi domain-containing protein 4 (SUSD4) and CD59. Complement activation is involved in both the development of and defence against cancer. COMP expression is pro-oncogenic, whereas CSMD1 and SUSD4 act as tumour suppressors. These effects may be related in part to the complex influence of complement on cancer but also depend on unrelated functions such as the protection of cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress conveyed by intracellular COMP. CD59 is the main inhibitor of the membrane attack complex, and its deficiency leads to complement attack on erythrocytes and severe haemolytic anaemia, which is now amenable to treatment with an inhibitor of C5 cleavage. Unexpectedly, the intracellular pool of CD59 is crucial for insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. This finding is one of several relating to the intracellular functions of complement proteins, which until recently were only considered to be present in the extracellular space. Understanding the alternative functions of complement inhibitors may unravel unexpected links between complement and other physiological systems, but is also important for better design of therapeutic complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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King BC, Blom AM. Non-traditional roles of complement in type 2 diabetes: Metabolism, insulin secretion and homeostasis. Mol Immunol 2016; 84:34-42. [PMID: 28012560 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a disease of increasing importance and represents a growing burden on global healthcare and human health. In T2D, loss of effectiveness of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues cannot be compensated for by adequate insulin secretion, leading to hyperglycemia and resultant complications. In recent years, inflammation has been identified as a central component of T2D, both in inducing peripheral insulin resistance as well as in the pancreatic islet, where it contributes to loss of insulin secretion and death of insulin-secreting beta cells. In this review we will focus on non-traditional roles of complement proteins which have been identified in T2D-associated inflammation, beta cell secretory function, and in maintaining homeostasis of the pancreatic islet. Improved understanding of both traditional and novel roles of complement proteins in T2D may lead to new therapeutic approaches for this global disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C King
- Lund University, Department of Translation Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Anna M Blom
- Lund University, Department of Translation Medicine, Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Hess C, Kemper C. Complement-Mediated Regulation of Metabolism and Basic Cellular Processes. Immunity 2016; 45:240-54. [PMID: 27533012 PMCID: PMC5019180 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement is well appreciated as a critical arm of innate immunity. It is required for the removal of invading pathogens and works by directly destroying them through the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, complement activation and function is not confined to the extracellular space but also occurs within cells. Recent work indicates that complement activation regulates key metabolic pathways and thus can impact fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and autophagy. Newly identified functions of complement include a key role in shaping metabolic reprogramming, which underlies T cell effector differentiation, and a role as a nexus for interactions with other effector systems, in particular the inflammasome and Notch transcription-factor networks. This review focuses on the contributions of complement to basic processes of the cell, in particular the integration of complement with cellular metabolism and the potential implications in infection and other disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Reseaerch Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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43
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Protective responses to sublytic complement in the retinal pigment epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8789-94. [PMID: 27432952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523061113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a key site of injury in inherited and age-related macular degenerations. Abnormal activation of the complement system is a feature of these blinding diseases, yet how the RPE combats complement attack is poorly understood. The complement cascade terminates in the cell-surface assembly of membrane attack complexes (MACs), which promote inflammation by causing aberrant signal transduction. Here, we investigated mechanisms crucial for limiting MAC assembly and preserving cellular integrity in the RPE and asked how these are compromised in models of macular degeneration. Using polarized primary RPE and the pigmented Abca4(-/-) Stargardt disease mouse model, we provide evidence for two protective responses occurring within minutes of complement attack, which are essential for maintaining mitochondrial health in the RPE. First, accelerated recycling of the membrane-bound complement regulator CD59 to the RPE cell surface inhibits MAC formation. Second, fusion of lysosomes with the RPE plasma membrane immediately after complement attack limits sustained elevations in intracellular calcium and prevents mitochondrial injury. Cholesterol accumulation in the RPE, induced by vitamin A dimers or oxidized LDL, inhibits these defense mechanisms by activating acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), which increases tubulin acetylation and derails organelle traffic. Defective CD59 recycling and lysosome exocytosis after complement attack lead to mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative stress in the RPE. Drugs that stimulate cholesterol efflux or inhibit ASMase restore both these critical safeguards in the RPE and avert complement-induced mitochondrial injury in vitro and in Abca4(-/-) mice, indicating that they could be effective therapeutic approaches for macular degenerations.
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Almaça J, Liang T, Gaisano HY, Nam HG, Berggren PO, Caicedo A. Spatial and temporal coordination of insulin granule exocytosis in intact human pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2810-8. [PMID: 26376795 PMCID: PMC6132229 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin secretion is widely studied because it plays a central role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Processes from insulin granule fusion in beta cells to in vivo insulin secretion have been elucidated, but data at the cellular level do not fully account for several aspects of the macroscopic secretory pattern. Here we investigated how individual secretory events are coordinated spatially and temporally within intact human islets. METHODS We used the fluorescent probe neuropeptide Y (NPY)-pHluorin to visualise insulin granule secretion in isolated intact human islets. RESULTS We found that individual beta cells respond to increases in glucose concentration by releasing insulin granules in very discrete bursts with periods consistent with in vivo pulsatile insulin secretion. In successive secretory bursts during prolonged exposure to high glucose levels, secretory events progressively localised to preferential release sites, coinciding with the transition to second phase insulin secretion. Granule secretion was very synchronised in neighbouring beta cells, forming discrete regional clusters of activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results reveal how individual secretory events are coordinated to produce pulsatile insulin secretion from human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Lee Kong Chien School of Medicine, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Strodthoff D, Ma Z, Wirström T, Strawbridge RJ, Ketelhuth DFJ, Engel D, Clarke R, Falkmer S, Hamsten A, Hansson GK, Björklund A, Lundberg AM. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Influences Glucose Homeostasis and β-Cell Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2015; 64:3425-38. [PMID: 25918231 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We examined the function of TLR3 in glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes-related phenotypes in animals and humans. TLR3 is highly expressed in the pancreas, suggesting that it can influence metabolism. Using a diet-induced obesity model, we show that TLR3-deficient mice had enhanced glycemic control, facilitated by elevated insulin secretion. Despite having high insulin levels, Tlr3(-/-) mice did not experience disturbances in whole-body insulin sensitivity, suggesting that they have a robust metabolic system that manages increased insulin secretion. Increase in insulin secretion was associated with upregulation of islet glucose phosphorylation as well as exocytotic protein VAMP-2 in Tlr3(-/-) islets. TLR3 deficiency also modified the plasma lipid profile, decreasing VLDL levels due to decreased triglyceride biosynthesis. Moreover, a meta-analysis of two healthy human populations showed that a missense single nucleotide polymorphism in TLR3 (encoding L412F) was linked to elevated insulin levels, consistent with our experimental findings. In conclusion, our results increase the understanding of the function of innate receptors in metabolic disorders and implicate TLR3 as a key control system in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strodthoff
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center and Center for Innovative Medicine, NOVUM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuheng Ma
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Wirström
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Engel
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sture Falkmer
- Laboratory of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Björklund
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M Lundberg
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Mouse Cd59b but not Cd59a is upregulated to protect cells from complement attack in response to inflammatory stimulation. Genes Immun 2015. [PMID: 26204229 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Universally expressed CD59 is the sole membrane complement regulatory protein that protects host cells from complement damage by restricting membrane attack complex assembly. The human gene encodes a single CD59, whereas the mouse gene encodes a duplicated CD59, comprising mCd59a and mCd59b, with distinct tissue distribution. Recently, we revealed that Sp1 regulates constitutive CD59 transcription and that canonical nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) regulate inducible CD59 transcription. However, the mechanisms that underlie mCd59 regulation remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that Sp1 controls broadly distributed mCd59a expression, whereas serum response factor (SRF) and canonical NF-κB regulate selectively expressed mCd59b. Tumor necrosis factor-α in vitro and lipopolysaccharide in vivo remarkably enhance the expression of mCd59b but not mCd59a by activating SRF and NF-κB, thus protecting cells from complement attack. In addition, cAMP analog treatment also dramatically increases mCd59b but not mCd59a expression in a manner independent of CREB, SRF and NF-κB. Therefore, mCd59b but not mCd59a may be the responder to external inflammatory stimuli and may have an important role in complement-mediated mouse models of disease.
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Complement inhibitor CD55 governs the integrity of membrane rafts in pancreatic beta cells, but plays no role in insulin secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:518-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Complement is traditionally known to be a system of serum proteins that provide protection against pathogens through direct cell lysis and the mobilization of innate and adaptive immunity. However, recent work indicates that the complement system has additional physiological roles beyond those in host defence. In this Opinion article, we describe the new modes and locations of complement activation that enable it to interact with other cell effector systems, such as growth factor receptors, inflammasomes and metabolic pathways. We propose that the location of complement activation dictates its function.
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Olsson AH, Volkov P, Bacos K, Dayeh T, Hall E, Nilsson EA, Ladenvall C, Rönn T, Ling C. Genome-wide associations between genetic and epigenetic variation influence mRNA expression and insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004735. [PMID: 25375650 PMCID: PMC4222689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may interact and together affect biological processes and disease development. However, most previous studies have investigated genetic and epigenetic mechanisms independently, and studies examining their interactions throughout the human genome are lacking. To identify genetic loci that interact with the epigenome, we performed the first genome-wide DNA methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis in human pancreatic islets. We related 574,553 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genome-wide DNA methylation data of 468,787 CpG sites targeting 99% of RefSeq genes in islets from 89 donors. We identified 67,438 SNP-CpG pairs in cis, corresponding to 36,783 SNPs (6.4% of tested SNPs) and 11,735 CpG sites (2.5% of tested CpGs), and 2,562 significant SNP-CpG pairs in trans, corresponding to 1,465 SNPs (0.3% of tested SNPs) and 383 CpG sites (0.08% of tested CpGs), showing significant associations after correction for multiple testing. These include reported diabetes loci, e.g. ADCY5, KCNJ11, HLA-DQA1, INS, PDX1 and GRB10. CpGs of significant cis-mQTLs were overrepresented in the gene body and outside of CpG islands. Follow-up analyses further identified mQTLs associated with gene expression and insulin secretion in human islets. Causal inference test (CIT) identified SNP-CpG pairs where DNA methylation in human islets is the potential mediator of the genetic association with gene expression or insulin secretion. Functional analyses further demonstrated that identified candidate genes (GPX7, GSTT1 and SNX19) directly affect key biological processes such as proliferation and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Finally, we found direct correlations between DNA methylation of 22,773 (4.9%) CpGs with mRNA expression of 4,876 genes, where 90% of the correlations were negative when CpGs were located in the region surrounding transcription start site. Our study demonstrates for the first time how genome-wide genetic and epigenetic variation interacts to influence gene expression, islet function and potential diabetes risk in humans. Inter-individual variation in genetics and epigenetics affects biological processes and disease susceptibility. However, most studies have investigated genetic and epigenetic mechanisms independently and to uncover novel mechanisms affecting disease susceptibility there is a highlighted need to study interactions between these factors on a genome-wide scale. To identify novel loci affecting islet function and potentially diabetes, we performed the first genome-wide methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis in human pancreatic islets including DNA methylation of 468,787 CpG sites located throughout the genome. Our results showed that DNA methylation of 11,735 CpGs in 4,504 unique genes is regulated by genetic factors located in cis (67,438 SNP-CpG pairs). Furthermore, significant mQTLs cover previously reported diabetes loci including KCNJ11, INS, HLA, PDX1 and GRB10. We also found mQTLs associated with gene expression and insulin secretion in human islets. By performing causality inference tests (CIT), we identified CpGs where DNA methylation potentially mediates the genetic impact on gene expression and insulin secretion. Our functional follow-up experiments further demonstrated that identified mQTLs/genes (GPX7, GSTT1 and SNX19) directly affect pancreatic β-cell function. Together, our study provides a detailed map of genome-wide associations between genetic and epigenetic variation, which affect gene expression and insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders H. Olsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tasnim Dayeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elin Hall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma A. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Epigenetics and Diabetes, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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50
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Omar BA, Liehua L, Yamada Y, Seino Y, Marchetti P, Ahrén B. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is expressed in mouse and human islets and its activity is decreased in human islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1876-83. [PMID: 24939431 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which cleaves and inactivates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is a glucose-lowering strategy in type 2 diabetes. Since DPP-4 is a ubiquitously distributed enzyme, we examined whether it is expressed in islets and whether an islet effect to inhibit DPP-4 may result in stimulated insulin secretion. METHODS We investigated DPP-4 expression and activity in the islets of mouse models of obesity as well as human islets from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic donors. We further investigated whether inhibition with DPP-4 inhibitors could promote insulin secretion via islet GLP-1 in isolated islets. RESULTS DPP-4 was readily detected in mouse and human islets with species-specific cellular localisation. In mice, DPP-4 was expressed predominantly in beta cells, whereas in humans it was expressed nearly exclusively in alpha cells. DPP-4 activity was significantly increased in islets from diet-induced obese mice compared with mice fed a control diet. In humans, DPP-4 activity was significantly lower in islets from type 2 diabetic donors than in non-diabetic donors. In human islets, there was a significant positive correlation between DPP-4 activity and insulin secretory response to 16.7 mmol/l glucose. Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors. Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that DPP-4 is present and active in mouse and human islets, is regulated by the disease state, and that inhibition of islet DPP-4 activity can have direct effects on islet function. Inhibiting islet DPP-4 activity may therefore contribute to the insulin-secretory and glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Omar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Center, C11, Lund University, SE22184, Lund, Sweden,
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