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Orsi A, van Anken E, Vitale M, Zamai M, Caiolfa VR, Sitia R, Bakunts A. Congress of multiple dimers is needed for cross-phosphorylation of IRE1α and its RNase activity. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302562. [PMID: 38886017 PMCID: PMC11184514 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response can switch from a pro-survival to a maladaptive, pro-apoptotic mode. During ER stress, IRE1α sensors dimerize, become phosphorylated, and activate XBP1 splicing, increasing folding capacity in the ER protein factory. The steps that turn on the IRE1α endonuclease activity against endogenous mRNAs during maladaptive ER stress are still unknown. Here, we show that although necessary, IRE1α dimerization is not sufficient to trigger phosphorylation. Random and/or guided collisions among IRE1α dimers are needed to elicit cross-phosphorylation and endonuclease activities. Thus, reaching a critical concentration of IRE1α dimers in the ER membrane is a key event. Formation of stable IRE1α clusters is not necessary for RNase activity. However, clustering could modulate the potency of the response, promoting interactions between dimers and decreasing the accessibility of phosphorylated IRE1α to phosphatases. The stepwise activation of IRE1α molecules and their low concentration at the steady state prevent excessive responses, unleashing full-blown IRE1 activity only upon intense stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orsi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eelco van Anken
- https://ror.org/01gmqr298 Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Vitale
- https://ror.org/01gmqr298 Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Moreno Zamai
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria R Caiolfa
- Unit of Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Experimental Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- https://ror.org/01gmqr298 Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anush Bakunts
- https://ror.org/01gmqr298 Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Cheng TY, Lee TW, Li SJ, Lee TI, Chen YC, Kao YH, Higa S, Chen PH, Chen YJ. Short-chain fatty acid butyrate against TMAO activating endoplasmic-reticulum stress and PERK/IRE1-axis with reducing atrial arrhythmia. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00332-1. [PMID: 39111622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The accumulation of microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the atrium is linked to the development and progression of atrial arrhythmia. Butyrate, a major short-chain fatty acid, plays a crucial role in sustaining intestinal homeostasis and alleviating systemic inflammation, which may reduce atrial arrhythmogenesis. OBJECTIVES This study explored the roles of butyrate in regulating TMAO-mediated atrial remodeling and arrhythmia. METHODS Whole-cell patch clamp experiments, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze electrical activity and signaling, respectively, in TMAO-treated HL-1 atrial myocytes with or without sodium butyrate (SB) administration. Telemetry electrocardiographic recording and echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to examine atrial function and histopathology, respectively, in mice treated with TMAO with and without SB administration. RESULTS Compared with control cells, TMAO-treated HL-1 myocytes exhibited reduced action potential duration (APD), elevated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content, larger L-type calcium current (ICa-L), increased Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) current, and increased potassium current. However, the combination of SB and TMAO resulted in similar APD, SR calcium content, ICa-L, transient outward potassium current (Ito), and ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKur) compared with controls. Additionally, TMAO-treated HL-1 myocytes exhibited increased activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, along with increased PKR-like ER stress kinase (PERK)/IRE1α axis activation and expression of phospho-IP3R, NCX, and Kv1.5, compared with controls or HL-1 cells treated with the combination of TMAO and SB. TMAO-treated mice exhibited atrial ectopic beats, impaired atrial function, increased atrial fibrosis, and greater activation of ER stress signaling with PERK/IRE1α axis activation compared with controls and mice treated with TMAO combined with SB. CONCLUSION TMAO administration led to PERK/IRE1α axis activation, which may increase atrial remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. SB treatment mitigated TMAO-elicited ER stress. This finding suggests that SB administration is a valuable strategy for treating TMAO-induced atrial arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Higa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Makiminato Central Hospital, 1199 Makiminato, Urasoe, Okinawa 901-2131, Japan
| | - Pao-Huan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Nair KA, Liu B. Navigating the landscape of the unfolded protein response in CD8 + T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1427859. [PMID: 39026685 PMCID: PMC11254671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs due to large amounts of misfolded proteins, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and more. The unfolded protein is a complex intracellular signaling network designed to operate under this stress. Composed of three individual arms, inositol-requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor-6, the unfolded protein response looks to resolve stress and return to proteostasis. The CD8+ T cell is a critical cell type for the adaptive immune system. The unfolded protein response has been shown to have a wide-ranging spectrum of effects on CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells undergo cellular stress during activation and due to environmental insults. However, the magnitude of the effects this response has on CD8+ T cells is still understudied. Thus, studying these pathways is important to unraveling the inner machinations of these powerful cells. In this review, we will highlight the recent literature in this field, summarize the three pathways of the unfolded protein response, and discuss their roles in CD8+ T cell biology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Alan Nair
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bei Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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4
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Xu F, Wang L. Deciphering ER stress-unfolded protein response relationship by visualizing unfolded proteins in the ER. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114358. [PMID: 38865243 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the consensus that accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, i.e. ER stress, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), studies under physiological and pathophysiological conditions suggest that ER stress may not always trigger the UPR, and the UPR can be activated in an ER stress-independent way. To better understand how the UPR is regulated and its relationship with ER stress requires direct detection of unfolded proteins in the ER, a method that is still lacking. Here, we report a strategy of visualizing unfolded protein accumulation in the ER lumen in living cells by employing an engineered ER stress sensor, PERK, which forms fluorescence puncta upon unfolded protein binding, in a fast and reversible way. Our reporter enables us to clarify the involvement of unfolded proteins in UPR activation under several physiological conditions and suggests that persistent unfolded protein accumulation in the ER despite UPR attenuation predicts cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Likun Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
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5
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Muralidharan C, Huang F, Enriquez JR, Wang JE, Nelson JB, Nargis T, May SC, Chakraborty A, Figatner KT, Navitskaya S, Anderson CM, Calvo V, Surguladze D, Mulvihill MJ, Yi X, Sarkar S, Oakes SA, Webb-Robertson BJM, Sims EK, Staschke KA, Eizirik DL, Nakayasu ES, Stokes ME, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inhibition of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2α kinase PERK decreases risk of autoimmune diabetes in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176136. [PMID: 38889047 PMCID: PMC11324307 DOI: 10.1172/jci176136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Preventing the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is feasible through pharmacological interventions that target molecular stress-responsive mechanisms. Cellular stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, viral infection, or unfolded proteins, trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which curtails protein synthesis by phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α). In T1D, maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in insulin-producing β cells renders these cells susceptible to autoimmunity. We found that inhibition of the eIF2α kinase PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), a common component of the UPR and ISR, reversed the mRNA translation block in stressed human islets and delayed the onset of diabetes, reduced islet inflammation, and preserved β cell mass in T1D-susceptible mice. Single-cell RNA-Seq of islets from PERK-inhibited mice showed reductions in the UPR and PERK signaling pathways and alterations in antigen-processing and presentation pathways in β cells. Spatial proteomics of islets from these mice showed an increase in the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in β cells. Golgi membrane protein 1, whose levels increased following PERK inhibition in human islets and EndoC-βH1 human β cells, interacted with and stabilized PD-L1. Collectively, our studies show that PERK activity enhances β cell immunogenicity and that inhibition of PERK may offer a strategy for preventing or delaying the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiayi E. Wang
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Titli Nargis
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Advaita Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kayla T. Figatner
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Svetlana Navitskaya
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara M. Anderson
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Yi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and
| | - Kirk A. Staschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | | | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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6
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Xia W, Chen H, Yang H, Zhu L, Xie C, Hou M. Depletion of SASP senescent cardiomyocytes with senolytic drugs confers therapeutic effects in doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38857187 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox), an anthracycline antibiotic, is widely used in cancer treatment. Although its antitumor efficacy appears significant, its clinical use is greatly restricted by its induction of cardiotoxicity. Cardiac senescence drives the Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, but whether diminishing these senescent cardiomyocytes could alleviate the cardiotoxicity remains unclear. Here, we assessed whether senescent cardiomyocytes have a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that affects healthy non-senescent cardiomyocytes, rendering them senescent via the delivery of exosomes. Additionally, we explored whether targeting SASP senescent cardiomyocytes using a Bcl-2 inhibitor could alleviate cardiotoxicity. Cardiac damage was induced in a mouse model of continuous Dox treatment in vivo, and cardiomyocytes in vitro. Immunofluorescence of the senescence markers of Cdkn2a, Cdkn1a and γ-H2A.X was used to assess the SASP in the Dox-treated heart. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved, the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199 was employed to eliminate SASP senescent cardiomyocytes. We show that the cardiomyocytes acquire a SASP during Dox treatment. The senescent cardiomyocytes upregulated Bcl-2, although treatment of mice with ABT-199 selectively eliminated SASP senescent cardiomyocytes involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, thus leading to partial alleviation of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, we concluded that SASP factors secreted by senescent cardiomyocytes induced by Dox renders otherwise healthy cardiomyocytes senescent through exosome delivery. Our findings suggest that SASP senescent cardiomyocytes are a significant component of the pathogenesis of Dox-dependent cardiotoxicity and indicate that targeting the clearance of SASP senescent cardiomyocytes could be a new therapeutic approach for Dox-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liaoxiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congying Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang-Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Science and Translational Research of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Muralidharan C, Huang F, Enriquez JR, Wang JE, Nelson JB, Nargis T, May SC, Chakraborty A, Figatner KT, Navitskaya S, Anderson CM, Calvo V, Surguladze D, Mulvihill MJ, Yi X, Sarkar S, Oakes SA, Webb-Robertson BJM, Sims EK, Staschke KA, Eizirik DL, Nakayasu ES, Stokes ME, Tersey SA, Mirmira RG. Inhibition of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2-α Kinase PERK Decreases Risk of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.06.561126. [PMID: 38895427 PMCID: PMC11185543 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Preventing the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is feasible through pharmacological interventions that target molecular stress-responsive mechanisms. Cellular stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, viral infection, or unfolded proteins, trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which curtails protein synthesis by phosphorylating eIF2α. In T1D, maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in insulin-producing β cells renders these cells susceptible to autoimmunity. We show that inhibition of the eIF2α kinase PERK, a common component of the UPR and ISR, reverses the mRNA translation block in stressed human islets and delays the onset of diabetes, reduces islet inflammation, and preserves β cell mass in T1D-susceptible mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing of islets from PERK-inhibited mice shows reductions in the UPR and PERK signaling pathways and alterations in antigen processing and presentation pathways in β cells. Spatial proteomics of islets from these mice shows an increase in the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 in β cells. Golgi membrane protein 1, whose levels increase following PERK inhibition in human islets and EndoC-βH1 human β cells, interacts with and stabilizes PD-L1. Collectively, our studies show that PERK activity enhances β cell immunogenicity, and inhibition of PERK may offer a strategy to prevent or delay the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi E. Wang
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Nelson
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Titli Nargis
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Advaita Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kayla T. Figatner
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Svetlana Navitskaya
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cara M. Anderson
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Yi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kirk A Staschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Sarah A. Tersey
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Mbara KC, Fotsing MC, Ndinteh DT, Mbeb CN, Nwagwu CS, Khan R, Mokhetho KC, Baijnath H, Nlooto M, Mokhele S, Leonard CM, Tembu VJ, Tarirai C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction: The potential therapeutic role of dietary flavonoids. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100184. [PMID: 38846008 PMCID: PMC11153890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health burden that is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. In pancreatic β-cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a fact of life that contributes to β-cell loss or dysfunction. Despite recent advances in research, the existing treatment approaches such as lifestyle modification and use of conventional therapeutics could not prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells to abrogate the disease progression. Therefore, targeting ER stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR) in pancreatic β-cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes treatment. Dietary phytochemicals have therapeutic applications in human health owing to their broad spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological activities. Flavonoids, which are commonly obtained from fruits and vegetables worldwide, have shown promising prospects in alleviating ER stress. Dietary flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, fisetin, icariin, apigenin, apigetrin, vitexin, baicalein, baicalin, nobiletin hesperidin, naringenin, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate hesperidin (EGCG), tectorigenin, liquiritigenin, and acacetin have shown inhibitory effects on ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. Dietary flavonoids modulate ER stress signaling components, chaperone proteins, transcription factors, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses to exert their pharmacological effects on pancreatic β-cells ER stress. This review focuses on the role of dietary flavonoids as potential therapeutic adjuvants in preserving pancreatic β-cells from ER stress. Highlights of the underlying mechanisms of action are also presented as well as possible strategies for clinical translation in the management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley C. Mbara
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Marthe C.D. Fotsing
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Centre for Natural Products Research (CNPR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Derek T. Ndinteh
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Centre for Natural Products Research (CNPR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Claudine N. Mbeb
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Chinekwu S. Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Rene Khan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kopang C. Mokhetho
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Himansu Baijnath
- Ward Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Manimbulu Nlooto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Healthcare Sciences, University of Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Shoeshoe Mokhele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa
| | - Carmen M. Leonard
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Clemence Tarirai
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Lavelle K, Chamberlain C, German M, Anderson M, Nip A, Gitelman SE. The Role of Imatinib in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes. JCEM CASE REPORTS 2024; 2:luae065. [PMID: 38707652 PMCID: PMC11066799 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
We report the first case of imatinib use in an adolescent with diabetes and suggest that it impacts the natural course of disease. A 14-year-old male patient presented in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and was diagnosed with presumed autoantibody-negative type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as myeloid neoplasm with platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) rearrangement. After starting exogenous insulin and imatinib, he experienced a 1.7-point reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and a 71% reduction in insulin requirement with sustained partial diabetes remission. Our case suggests imatinib as a potential therapeutic agent for pediatric T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lavelle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chester Chamberlain
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael German
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Angel Nip
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephen E Gitelman
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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10
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Morita S, Uraki S, Ariyasu H, Tsuji T, Doi A, Furuta H, Yamoto T, Nakao N, Akamizu T, Matsuoka TA. Profiling of Unfolded Protein Response Markers and Effect of IRE1α-specific Inhibitor in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae008. [PMID: 38289718 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins, regulate the unfolded protein response (UPR). These molecules have recently gained attention as a novel therapeutic target in secretory tumors. The roles of the UPR in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are unclear. OBJECTIVE To clarify UPR profiling of PitNETs and to investigate the effect of pharmacological modulation of UPR by KIRA8, a newly developed IRE1α-specific inhibitor. METHODS In 131 patients with PitNETs, we evaluated RNA expression of UPR markers in PitNETs and their clinical phenotypes. Using GH3 cells, we examined the effects of KIRA8 and its combination with octreotide on UPR profiling, cell growth, and apoptosis. RESULTS Cytoprotective adaptive-UPR (A-UPR) markers were more increased in functioning PitNETs (FPitNETs, n = 112) than in nonfunctioning PitNETs (NFPitNETs, n = 19), while there was no difference in proapoptotic terminal-UPR (T-UPR) markers. Similarly, overt somatotroph tumors (STs, acromegaly, n = 11) increased A-UPR compared with silent STs (n = 10). In STs, serum IGF-1 levels were inversely correlated with Txnip mRNA expression, a representative T-UPR marker. KIRA8 inhibited cell growth and facilitated apoptosis in GH3 cells with increased expressions of T-UPR markers, which was enhanced by the combination with octreotide. Octreotide increased mRNA expression of Txnip and Chop, but decreased spliced Xbp1 under ER stress. Octreotide is suggested to inhibit activation of IRE1α but to reciprocally induce T-UPR under PERK. CONCLUSION UPR markers in FPitNETs are implicated as dominant A-UPR but blunted T-UPR. KIRA8, enhanced with octreotide, unbalances the UPR, leading to antitumor effects. Targeting IRE1α may provide a novel strategy to treat PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Morita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uraki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ariyasu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsuji
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Asako Doi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroto Furuta
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yamoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nakao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Akamizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuma Hospital, Kobe 650-0011, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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11
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Lu G, Li J, Gao T, Liu Q, Chen O, Zhang X, Xiao M, Guo Y, Wang J, Tang Y, Gu J. Integration of dietary nutrition and TRIB3 action into diabetes mellitus. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:361-373. [PMID: 37226405 PMCID: PMC10859691 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive studies for decades, the common mechanistic correlations among the underlying pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications, and effective clinical treatments remain poorly characterized. High-quality diets and nutrition therapy have played an indispensable role in the management of DM. More importantly, tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), a nutrient-sensing and glucose-responsive regulator, might be an important stress-regulatory switch, linking glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Therefore, this review aimed to introduce the latest research progress on the crosstalk between dietary nutrition intervention and TRIB3 in the development and treatment of DM. This study also summarized the possible mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways of TRIB3 action in DM, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of dietary nutrition intervention and TRIB3 in the pathogenesis of DM at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Lu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ou Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Kern J, Schilling D, Schneeweis C, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Combs SE, Dobiasch S. Identification of the unfolded protein response pathway as target for radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2024; 191:110059. [PMID: 38135186 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Due to the high intrinsic radioresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), radiotherapy (RT) is only beneficial in 30% of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify targets to improve the efficacy of RT in PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alamar Blue proliferation and colony formation assay (CFA) were used to determine the radioresponse of a cohort of 38 murine PDAC cell lines. A gene set enrichment analysis was performed to reveal differentially expressed pathways. CFA, cell cycle distribution, γH2AX FACS analysis, and Caspase 3/7 SYTOX assay were used to examine the effect of a combination treatment using KIRA8 as an IRE1α-inhibitor and Ceapin-A7 as an inhibitor against ATF6. RESULTS The unfolded protein response (UPR) was identified as a pathway highly expressed in radioresistant cell lines. Using the IRE1α-inhibitor KIRA8 or the ATF6-inhibitor Ceapin-A7 in combination with radiation, a radiosensitizing effect was observed in radioresistant cell lines, but no substantial alteration of the radioresponse in radiosensitive cell lines. Mechanistically, increased apoptosis by KIRA8 in combination with radiation and a cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase after ATF6 inhibition and radiation have been observed in radioresistant cell lines. CONCLUSION So, our data show evidence that the UPR is involved in radioresistance of PDAC. Increased apoptosis and a G1 cell cycle arrest seem to be responsible for the radiosensitizing effect of UPR inhibition. These findings are supportive for developing novel combination treatment concepts in PDAC to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneeweis
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Department of General Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Puri S, Maachi H, Nair G, Russ HA, Chen R, Pulimeno P, Cutts Z, Ntranos V, Hebrok M. Sox9 regulates alternative splicing and pancreatic beta cell function. Nat Commun 2024; 15:588. [PMID: 38238288 PMCID: PMC10796970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research, mechanisms underlying the failure of islet beta cells that result in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are still under investigation. Here, we report that Sox9, a transcriptional regulator of pancreas development, also functions in mature beta cells. Our results show that Sox9-depleted rodent beta cells have defective insulin secretion, and aging animals develop glucose intolerance, mimicking the progressive degeneration observed in T2D. Using genome editing in human stem cells, we show that beta cells lacking SOX9 have stunted first-phase insulin secretion. In human and rodent cells, loss of Sox9 disrupts alternative splicing and triggers accumulation of non-functional isoforms of genes with key roles in beta cell function. Sox9 depletion reduces expression of protein-coding splice variants of the serine-rich splicing factor arginine SRSF5, a major splicing enhancer that regulates alternative splicing. Our data highlight the role of SOX9 as a regulator of alternative splicing in mature beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Minutia Inc., Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Hasna Maachi
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Organoid Systems, Klinikum Rechts der Isar (MRI) and Technical University Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Organoid Technology, Helmholtz Munich, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gopika Nair
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard Chen
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Pulimeno
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Cutts
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntranos
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Organoid Systems, Klinikum Rechts der Isar (MRI) and Technical University Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Organoid Technology, Helmholtz Munich, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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14
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Lee H, Sahin GS, Chen CW, Sonthalia S, Cañas SM, Oktay HZ, Duckworth AT, Brawerman G, Thompson PJ, Hatzoglou M, Eizirik DL, Engin F. Stress-induced β cell early senescence confers protection against type 1 diabetes. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2200-2215.e9. [PMID: 37949065 PMCID: PMC10842515 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
During the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), β cells are exposed to significant stress and, therefore, require adaptive responses to survive. The adaptive mechanisms that can preserve β cell function and survival in the face of autoimmunity remain unclear. Here, we show that the deletion of the unfolded protein response (UPR) genes Atf6α or Ire1α in β cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice prior to insulitis generates a p21-driven early senescence phenotype and alters the β cell secretome that significantly enhances the leukemia inhibitory factor-mediated recruitment of M2 macrophages to islets. Consequently, M2 macrophages promote anti-inflammatory responses and immune surveillance that cause the resolution of islet inflammation, the removal of terminally senesced β cells, the reduction of β cell apoptosis, and protection against T1D. We further demonstrate that the p21-mediated early senescence signature is conserved in the residual β cells of T1D patients. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized link between β cell UPR and senescence that, if leveraged, may represent a novel preventive strategy for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gulcan Semra Sahin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shreyash Sonthalia
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sandra Marín Cañas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hulya Zeynep Oktay
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander T Duckworth
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gabriel Brawerman
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Feyza Engin
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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15
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Vived C, Lee-Papastavros A, Aparecida da Silva Pereira J, Yi P, MacDonald TL. β Cell Stress and Endocrine Function During T1D: What Is Next to Discover? Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad162. [PMID: 37947352 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Canonically, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by autoreactive T cells as perpetrators of endocrine dysfunction and β cell death in the spiral toward loss of β cell mass, hyperglycemia, and insulin dependence. β Cells have mostly been considered as bystanders in a flurry of autoimmune processes. More recently, our framework for understanding and investigating T1D has evolved. It appears increasingly likely that intracellular β cell stress is an important component of T1D etiology/pathology that perpetuates autoimmunity during the progression to T1D. Here we discuss the emerging and complex role of β cell stress in initiating, provoking, and catalyzing T1D. We outline the bridges between hyperglycemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and autoimmunity from the viewpoint of intrinsic β cell (dys)function, and we extend this discussion to the potential role for a therapeutic β cell stress-metabolism axis in T1D. Lastly, we mention research angles that may be pursued to improve β cell endocrine function during T1D. Biology gleaned from studying T1D will certainly overlap to innovate therapeutic strategies for T2D, and also enhance the pursuit of creating optimized stem cell-derived β cells as endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Vived
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Jéssica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Diabetes Program, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tara L MacDonald
- Section for Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Martinez A, Lamaizon CM, Valls C, Llambi F, Leal N, Fitzgerald P, Guy C, Kamiński MM, Inestrosa NC, van Zundert B, Cancino GI, Dulcey AE, Zanlungo S, Marugan JJ, Hetz C, Green DR, Alvarez AR. c-Abl Phosphorylates MFN2 to Regulate Mitochondrial Morphology in Cells under Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress, Impacting Cell Survival and Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2007. [PMID: 38001860 PMCID: PMC10669615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a subcellular organelle key in the control of synthesis, folding, and sorting of proteins. Under endoplasmic reticulum stress, an adaptative unfolded protein response is activated; however, if this activation is prolonged, cells can undergo cell death, in part due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial fragmentation. Here, we report that endoplasmic reticulum stress activates c-Abl tyrosine kinase, inducing its translocation to mitochondria. We found that endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated c-Abl interacts with and phosphorylates the mitochondrial fusion protein MFN2, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. Moreover, the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of c-Abl prevents MFN2 phosphorylation, mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis in cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress. Finally, in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model, where endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress has been linked to neuronal cell death, we demonstrated that the administration of c-Abl inhibitor neurotinib delays the onset of symptoms. Our results uncovered a function of c-Abl in the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dynamics via MFN2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Martinez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cristian M. Lamaizon
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cristian Valls
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fabien Llambi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nancy Leal
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marcin M. Kamiński
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Biomedicine of Magallanes (CEBIMA), University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMMS), Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
- The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Douglas R. Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alejandra R. Alvarez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
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17
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Borgelt L, Wu P. Targeting Ribonucleases with Small Molecules and Bifunctional Molecules. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2101-2113. [PMID: 37382390 PMCID: PMC10594538 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) cleave and process RNAs, thereby regulating the biogenesis, metabolism, and degradation of coding and noncoding RNAs. Thus, small molecules targeting RNases have the potential to perturb RNA biology, and RNases have been studied as therapeutic targets of antibiotics, antivirals, and agents for autoimmune diseases and cancers. Additionally, the recent advances in chemically induced proximity approaches have led to the discovery of bifunctional molecules that target RNases to achieve RNA degradation or inhibit RNA processing. Here, we summarize the efforts that have been made to discover small-molecule inhibitors and activators targeting bacterial, viral, and human RNases. We also highlight the emerging examples of RNase-targeting bifunctional molecules and discuss the trends in developing such molecules for both biological and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Borgelt
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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18
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Bartoszewska S, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. Dual RNase activity of IRE1 as a target for anticancer therapies. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00784-5. [PMID: 37721642 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism that protects cells during stress conditions in which there is an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR activates three signaling pathways that function to alleviate stress conditions and promote cellular homeostasis and cell survival. During unmitigated stress conditions, however, UPR activation signaling changes to promote cell death through apoptosis. Interestingly, cancer cells take advantage of this pathway to facilitate survival and avoid apoptosis even during prolonged cell stress conditions. Here, we discuss different signaling pathways associated with UPR and focus specifically on one of the ER signaling pathways activated during UPR, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1). The rationale is that the IRE1 pathway is associated with cell fate decisions and recognized as a promising target for cancer therapeutics. Here we discuss IRE1 inhibitors and how they might prove to be an effective cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a Street, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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19
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De Lorenzo F, Lüningschrör P, Nam J, Beckett L, Pilotto F, Galli E, Lindholm P, Rüdt von Collenberg C, Mungwa ST, Jablonka S, Kauder J, Thau-Habermann N, Petri S, Lindholm D, Saxena S, Sendtner M, Saarma M, Voutilainen MH. CDNF rescues motor neurons in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Brain 2023; 146:3783-3799. [PMID: 36928391 PMCID: PMC10473573 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex, leading to paralysis and eventually to death within 3-5 years of symptom onset. To date, no cure or effective therapy is available. The role of chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as a potential drug target, has received increasing attention. Here, we investigated the mode of action and therapeutic effect of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor in three preclinical models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exhibiting different disease development and aetiology: (i) the conditional choline acetyltransferase-tTA/TRE-hTDP43-M337V rat model previously described; (ii) the widely used SOD1-G93A mouse model; and (iii) a novel slow-progressive TDP43-M337V mouse model. To specifically analyse the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in motor neurons, we used three main methods: (i) primary cultures of motor neurons derived from embryonic Day 13 embryos; (ii) immunohistochemical analyses of spinal cord sections with choline acetyltransferase as spinal motor neuron marker; and (iii) quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of lumbar motor neurons isolated via laser microdissection. We show that intracerebroventricular administration of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor significantly halts the progression of the disease and improves motor behaviour in TDP43-M337V and SOD1-G93A rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor rescues motor neurons in vitro and in vivo from endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated cell death and its beneficial effect is independent of genetic disease aetiology. Notably, cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor regulates the unfolded protein response initiated by transducers IRE1α, PERK and ATF6, thereby enhancing motor neuron survival. Thus, cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor holds great promise for the design of new rational treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Lorenzo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jinhan Nam
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liam Beckett
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federica Pilotto
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Galli
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Simon Tii Mungwa
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kauder
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Di Conza G, Ho PC, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Huang SCC. Control of immune cell function by the unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:546-562. [PMID: 36755160 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Initiating and maintaining optimal immune responses requires high levels of protein synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking in leukocytes, which are processes orchestrated by the endoplasmic reticulum. Importantly, diverse extracellular and intracellular conditions can compromise the protein-handling capacity of this organelle, inducing a state of 'endoplasmic reticulum stress' that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). Emerging evidence shows that physiological or pathological activation of the UPR can have effects on immune cell survival, metabolism, function and fate. In this Review, we discuss the canonical role of the adaptive UPR in immune cells and how dysregulation of this pathway in leukocytes contributes to diverse pathologies such as cancer, autoimmunity and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we provide an overview as to how pharmacological approaches that modulate the UPR could be harnessed to control or activate immune cell function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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21
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KISHI K, YONEZAWA T, KAJI N, GOTO M, NONOSHITA Y, IIO A, TSURU Y, HORI M. Toceranib phosphate (Palladia) reverses type 1 diabetes by preserving islet function in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:781-789. [PMID: 37258127 PMCID: PMC10372262 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, strategies targeting β-cell protection via autoimmune regulation have been suggested as novel and potent immunotherapeutic interventions against type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Here, we investigated the potential of toceranib (TOC), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor used in veterinary practice, to ameliorate T1D. TOC reversed streptozotocin-induced T1D and improved the abnormalities in muscle and bone metabolism characteristic of T1D. Histopathological examination revealed that TOC significantly suppressed β-cell depletion and improved glycemic control with restoration of serum insulin levels. However, the effect of TOC on blood glucose levels and insulin secretion capacity is attenuated in chronic T1D, a more β-cell depleted state. These findings suggest that TOC improves glycemic control by ameliorating the streptozotocin-induced decrease in insulin secretory capacity. Finally, we examined the role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibition, a target of TOC, and found that inhibition of PDGFR reverses established T1D in mice. Our results show that TOC reverses T1D by preserving islet function via inhibition of RTK. The previously unrecognized pharmacological properties of TOC have been revealed, and these properties could lead to its application in the treatment of T1D in the veterinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa KISHI
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro YONEZAWA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki KAJI
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Momo GOTO
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma NONOSHITA
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki IIO
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu TSURU
- Primetech Life Science Laboratory, Primetech Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi HORI
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Yu J, Yang X, Zheng J, Sgobio C, Sun L, Cai H. Deficiency of Perry syndrome-associated p150 Glued in midbrain dopaminergic neurons leads to progressive neurodegeneration and endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 36879021 PMCID: PMC9988887 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple missense mutations in p150Glued are linked to Perry syndrome (PS), a rare neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by loss of nigral dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Here we generated p150Glued conditional knockout (cKO) mice by deleting p150Glued in midbrain DAergic neurons. The young cKO mice displayed impaired motor coordination, dystrophic DAergic dendrites, swollen axon terminals, reduced striatal dopamine transporter (DAT), and dysregulated dopamine transmission. The aged cKO mice showed loss of DAergic neurons and axons, somatic accumulation of α-synuclein, and astrogliosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that p150Glued deficiency in DAergic neurons led to the reorganization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in dystrophic dendrites, upregulation of ER tubule-shaping protein reticulon 3, accumulation of DAT in reorganized ERs, dysfunction of COPII-mediated ER export, activation of unfolded protein response, and exacerbation of ER stress-induced cell death. Our findings demonstrate the importance of p150Glued in controlling the structure and function of ER, which is critical for the survival and function of midbrain DAergic neurons in PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China.
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jiayin Zheng
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Carmelo Sgobio
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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23
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Coomans de Brachène A, Scoubeau C, Musuaya AE, Costa-Junior JM, Castela A, Carpentier J, Faoro V, Klass M, Cnop M, Eizirik DL. Exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to protect pancreatic beta cells in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:450-460. [PMID: 36401627 PMCID: PMC9676790 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes is characterised by progressive loss of functional pancreatic beta cells. None of the therapeutic agents used to treat diabetes arrest this process; preventing beta cell loss remains a major unmet need. We have previously shown that serum from eight young healthy male participants who exercised for 8 weeks protected human islets and insulin-producing EndoC-βH1 cells from apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor thapsigargin. Whether this protective effect is influenced by sex, age, training modality, ancestry or diabetes is unknown. METHODS We enrolled 82 individuals, male or female, non-diabetic or diabetic, from different origins, in different supervised training protocols for 8-12 weeks (including training at home during the COVID-19 pandemic). EndoC-βH1 cells were treated with 'exercised' serum or with the exerkine clusterin to ascertain cytoprotection from ER stress. RESULTS The exercise interventions were effective and improved [Formula: see text] values in both younger and older, non-obese and obese, non-diabetic and diabetic participants. Serum obtained after training conferred significant beta cell protection (28% to 35% protection after 4 and 8 weeks of training, respectively) from severe ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoprotection was not affected by the type of exercise training or participant age, sex, BMI or ancestry, and persisted for up to 2 months after the end of the training programme. Serum from exercised participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes was similarly protective. Clusterin reproduced the beneficial effects of exercised sera. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data uncover the unexpected potential to preserve beta cell health by exercise training, opening a new avenue to prevent or slow diabetes progression through humoral muscle-beta cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corentin Scoubeau
- Laboratory for Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anyïshai E Musuaya
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jose Maria Costa-Junior
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angela Castela
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Carpentier
- Laboratory for Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vitalie Faoro
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Klass
- Laboratory for Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Kovaleva V, Yu LY, Ivanova L, Shpironok O, Nam J, Eesmaa A, Kumpula EP, Sakson S, Toots U, Ustav M, Huiskonen JT, Voutilainen MH, Lindholm P, Karelson M, Saarma M. MANF regulates neuronal survival and UPR through its ER-located receptor IRE1α. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112066. [PMID: 36739529 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located protein with cytoprotective effects in neurons and pancreatic β cells in vitro and in models of neurodegeneration and diabetes in vivo. However, the exact mode of MANF action has remained elusive. Here, we show that MANF directly interacts with the ER transmembrane unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1α, and we identify the binding interface between MANF and IRE1α. The expression of wild-type MANF, but not its IRE1α binding-deficient mutant, attenuates UPR signaling by decreasing IRE1α oligomerization; phosphorylation; splicing of Xbp1, Atf6, and Txnip levels; and protecting neurons from ER stress-induced death. MANF-IRE1α interaction and not MANF-BiP interaction is crucial for MANF pro-survival activity in neurons in vitro and is required to protect dopamine neurons in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Our data show IRE1α as an intracellular receptor for MANF and regulator of neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kovaleva
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Li-Ying Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Larisa Ivanova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olesya Shpironok
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinhan Nam
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ave Eesmaa
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa-Pekka Kumpula
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sven Sakson
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Juha T Huiskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mati Karelson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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25
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Enhanced IRE1α Phosphorylation/Oligomerization-Triggered XBP1 Splicing Contributes to Parkin-Mediated Prevention of SH-SY5Y Cell Death under Nitrosative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032017. [PMID: 36768338 PMCID: PMC9917145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in parkin, a neuroprotective protein, are the predominant cause of autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson's disease. Neuroinflammation-derived nitrosative stress has been implicated in the etiology of the chronic neurodegeneration. However, the interactions between genetic predisposition and nitrosative stress contributing to the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons remain incompletely understood. Here, we used the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to investigate the function of parkin and its pathogenic mutants in relation to cell survival under nitric oxide (NO) exposure. The results showed that overexpression of wild-type parkin protected SH-SY5Y cells from NO-induced apoptosis in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Under nitrosative stress conditions, parkin selectively upregulated the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1) signaling axis, an unfolded protein response signal through the sensor IRE1α, which controls the splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Inhibition of XBP1 mRNA splicing either by pharmacologically inhibiting IRE1α endoribonuclease activity or by genetically knocking down XBP1 interfered with the protective activity of parkin. Furthermore, pathogenic parkin mutants with a defective protective capacity showed a lower ability to activate the IRE1α/XBP1 signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that IRE1α activity augmented by parkin was possibly mediated through interacting with IRE1α to regulate its phosphorylation/oligomerization processes, whereas mutant parkin diminished its binding to and activation of IRE1α. Thus, these results support a direct link between the protective activity of parkin and the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in response to nitrosative stress, and mutant parkin disrupts this function.
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26
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Allosteric Inhibition of c-Abl to Induce Unfolded Protein Response and Cell Death in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416162. [PMID: 36555805 PMCID: PMC9786043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and protein kinase, R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), the two principal regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In multiple myeloma, adaptive IRE1α signaling is predominantly activated and regulates cell fate along with PERK. Recently, we demonstrated that GNF-2, an allosteric c-Abl inhibitor, rheostatically enhanced IRE1α activity and induced apoptosis through c-Abl conformational changes in pancreatic β cells. Herein, we analyzed whether the pharmacological modulation of c-Abl conformation resulted in anti-myeloma effects. First, we investigated the effects of GNF-2 on IRE1α activity and cell fate, followed by an investigation of the anti-myeloma effects of asciminib, a new allosteric c-Abl inhibitor. Finally, we performed RNA sequencing to characterize the signaling profiles of asciminib. We observed that both GNF-2 and asciminib decreased cell viability and induced XBP1 mRNA splicing in primary human myeloma cells and myeloma cell lines. RNA sequencing identified the induction of UPR- and apoptosis-related genes by asciminib. Asciminib re-localized c-Abl to the endoplasmic reticulum, and its combination with a specific IRE1α inhibitor, KIRA8, enhanced cell death with the reciprocal induction of CHOP mRNA expression. Together, the allosteric inhibition of c-Abl-activated UPR with anti-myeloma effects; this could be a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.
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27
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Yang Z, Huo Y, Zhou S, Guo J, Ma X, Li T, Fan C, Wang L. Cancer cell-intrinsic XBP1 drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of intratumoral myeloid cells by promoting cholesterol production. Cell Metab 2022; 34:2018-2035.e8. [PMID: 36351432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A hostile microenvironment in tumor tissues disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR). A chronic UPR in both cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes could facilitate the evasion of immune surveillance. However, how the UPR in cancer cells cripples the anti-tumor immune response is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that, in cancer cells, the UPR component X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) favors the synthesis and secretion of cholesterol, which activates myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and causes immunosuppression. Cholesterol is delivered in the form of small extracellular vesicles and internalized by MDSCs through macropinocytosis. Genetic or pharmacological depletion of XBP1 or reducing the tumor cholesterol content remarkably decreases MDSC abundance and triggers robust anti-tumor responses. Thus, our data unravel the cell-non-autonomous role of XBP1/cholesterol signaling in the regulation of tumor growth and suggest its inhibition as a useful strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shixin Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Congli Fan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Likun Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Zhao S, Liu X, Li L, Kong X, Sun W, Loomes K, Nie T, Hui X, Wu D. KIRA8 attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through inhibition of the IRE1α/XBP1 signalling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 632:158-164. [PMID: 36209584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is enhanced in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Among three signalling pathways, the IRE1α/XBP1 signalling pathway is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH but its significance is still largely uncharacterised. In this report, we constructed a hepatocyte-specific XBP1-Luciferase knock-in mouse model that allows in vivo monitoring of the IRE1α/XBP1 activity in hepatocytes. Using this mouse model, we found that IRE1α/XBP1 was activated within hepatocytes during the pathogenesis of NASH. Significantly, a specific IRE1α kinase-inhibiting RNase attenuator, KIRA8, attenuated NASH in mice. In conclusion, our hepatocyte-specific XBP1 splicing reporter mouse represents a valid model for research and drug development of NASH, which showed that the IRE1α-induced XBP splicing is potentiated in hepatocytes during pathogenesis of NASH. Furthermore, we carried out the proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that the allosteric IRE1α RNase inhibitor serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Kerry Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tao Nie
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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29
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c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuate oxidative stress-induced pancreatic β-Cell dysfunction via glutathione antioxidant system. Transl Res 2022; 249:74-87. [PMID: 35697276 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic oxidative stress, which is caused by aberrant non-receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) signaling, plays a key role in the progression of β-cell loss in diabetes mellitus. Recent studies, however, have linked ferroptotic-like death to the β-cell loss in diabetes mellitus. Here, we report that oxidative stress-driven reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) loss and proteasomal degradation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) promote ferroptotic-like cell damage through increased lipid peroxidation. Mechanistically, treatment with GNF2, a non-ATP competitive c-Abl kinase inhibitor, selectively preserves β-cell function by inducing the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ). ERRγ-driven glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression promotes the elevation of the GSH/GSSG ratio, and this increase leads to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by GPX4. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of ERRγ represses the expression of GLS1 and reverses the GSH/GSSG ratio linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased lipid peroxidation mediated by GPX4 degradation. Inhibition of GLS1 suppresses the ERRγ agonist DY131-induced GSH/GSSG ratio linked to ferroptotic-like death owing to the loss of GPX4. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed enhanced ERRγ and GPX4 expression in the pancreatic islets of GNF2-treated mice compared to that in streptozotocin-treated mice. Altogether, our results provide the first evidence that the orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ-induced GLS1 expression augments the glutathione antioxidant system, and its downstream signaling leads to improved β-cell function and survival under oxidative stress conditions.
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30
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Pandeya A, Khalko RK, Singh S, Kumar M, Gosipatala SB. Hcmv-miR-UL148D regulates the staurosporine-induced apoptosis by targeting the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Nucleus signaling 1(ERN1). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275072. [PMID: 36156601 PMCID: PMC9512192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The propensity of viruses to co-opt host cellular machinery by reprogramming the host’s RNA-interference machinery has been a major focus of research, however, regulation of host defense mechanisms by virus-encoded miRNA, is an additional regulatory realm gaining momentum in the arena of host-viral interactions. The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) miRNAs, regulate many cellular pathways alone or in concordance with HCMV proteins, thereby paving a conducive environment for successful infection in the human host. We show that HCMV miRNA, hcmv-miR-UL148D inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HEK293T cells. We establish that ERN1 mRNA is a bonafide target of hcmv-miR-UL148D and its encoded protein IRE1α is translationally repressed by the overexpression of hcmv-miR-UL148D resulting in the attenuation of apoptosis. Unlike the host microRNA seed sequence (6–8 nucleotides), hcmv-miR-UL148D has long complementarity to 3’ UTR of ERN1 mRNA resulting in mRNA degradation. The repression of IRE1α by the hcmv-miR-UL148D further downregulates Xbp1 splicing and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation thus regulating ER-stress and ER-stress induced apoptotic pathways. Strikingly, depletion of ERN1 attenuates staurosporine-induced apoptosis which further suggests that hcmv-miR-UL148D functions through regulation of its target ERN1. These results uncover a role for hcmv-miR-UL148D and its target ERN1 in regulating ER stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pandeya
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Khalko
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukhveer Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sunil Babu Gosipatala
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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31
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Moon S, Jung HS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:533-542. [PMID: 35929171 PMCID: PMC9353561 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoil Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Yin M, Zhang Y, Liu S, Huang J, Li X. Gene Expression Signatures Reveal Common Virus Infection Pathways in Target Tissues of Type 1 Diabetes, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, and Celiac Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891698. [PMID: 35795668 PMCID: PMC9251511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients are at heightened risk for other autoimmune disorders, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and celiac disease (CD). Recent evidence suggests that target tissues of autoimmune diseases engage in a harmful dialogue with the immune system. However, it is unclear whether shared mechanisms drive similar molecular signatures at the target tissues among T1D, HT, and CD. In our current study, microarray datasets were obtained and mined to identify gene signatures from disease-specific targeted tissues including the pancreas, thyroid, and intestine from individuals with T1D, HT, and CD, as well as their matched controls. Further, the threshold-free algorithm rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analysis (RRHO) was used to compare the genomic signatures of the target tissues of the three autoimmune diseases. Next, promising drugs that could potentially reverse the observed signatures in patients with two or more autoimmune disorders were identified using the cloud-based CLUE software platform. Finally, microarray data of auto-antibody positive individuals but not diagnosed with T1D and single cell sequencing data of patients with T1D and HT were used to validate the shared transcriptomic fingerprint. Our findings revealed significant common gene expression changes in target tissues of the three autoimmune diseases studied, many of which are associated with virus infections, including influenza A, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, and herpes simplex infection. These findings support the importance of common environmental factors in the pathogenesis of T1D, HT, and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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33
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Xu G, Chen J, Jo S, Grayson TB, Ramanadham S, Koizumi A, Germain-Lee EL, Lee SJ, Shalev A. Deletion of Gdf15 Reduces ER Stress-induced Beta-cell Apoptosis and Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6548945. [PMID: 35290443 PMCID: PMC9272264 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in diabetes, but the factors involved are still not fully elucidated. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress response gene and has been reported to be increased and play an important role in various diseases. However, the role of GDF15 in beta cells in the context of ER stress and diabetes is still unclear. In this study, we have discovered that GDF15 promotes ER stress-induced beta-cell apoptosis and that downregulation of GDF15 has beneficial effects on beta-cell survival in diabetes. Specifically, we found that GDF15 is induced by ER stress in beta cells and human islets, and that the transcription factor C/EBPβ is involved in this process. Interestingly, ER stress-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced in INS-1 cells with Gdf15 knockdown and in isolated Gdf15 knockout mouse islets. In vivo, we found that Gdf15 deletion attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetes by preserving beta cells and insulin levels. Moreover, deletion of Gdf15 significantly delayed diabetes development in spontaneous ER stress-prone Akita mice. Thus, our findings suggest that GDF15 contributes to ER stress-induced beta-cell apoptosis and that inhibition of GDF15 may represent a novel strategy to promote beta-cell survival and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: Guanlan Xu, PhD, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Shelby Bldg 1272, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA. E-mail:
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - SeongHo Jo
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Institute of Public Health and Social Welfare Public Interest Incorporation Associations, Kyoto Hokenkai, Ukyo-ku Kyoto 615-8577, Japan
| | - Emily L Germain-Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Connecticut Children’s Center for Rare Bone Disorders, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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34
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Fu F, Doroudgar S. IRE1/XBP1 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Signaling – From Basic to Translational Research for Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Wagner BK. Small-molecule discovery in the pancreatic beta cell. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102150. [PMID: 35487100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic beta cell is the only cell type in the body responsible for insulin secretion, and thus plays a unique role in the control of glucose homeostasis. The loss of beta-cell mass and function plays an important role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Thus, using chemical biology to identify small molecules targeting the beta cell could be an important component to developing future therapeutics for diabetes. This strategy provides an attractive path toward increasing beta-cell numbers in vivo. A regenerative strategy involves enhancing proliferation, differentiation, or neogenesis. On the other hand, protecting beta cells from cell death, or improving maturity and function, could preserve beta-cell mass. Here, we discuss the current state of chemical matter available to study beta-cell regeneration, and how they were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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36
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Auyeung VC, Downey MS, Thamsen M, Wenger TA, Backes BJ, Sheppard D, Papa FR. IRE1α drives lung epithelial progenitor dysfunction to establish a niche for pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L564-L580. [PMID: 35170357 PMCID: PMC8957349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00408.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After lung injury, damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs) emerge, representing a transitional state between injured epithelial cells and newly regenerated alveoli. DATPs express profibrotic genes, suggesting that they might promote idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the molecular pathways that induce and/or maintain DATPs are incompletely understood. Here we show that the bifunctional kinase/RNase-IRE1α-a central mediator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a critical promoter of DATP abundance and function. Administration of a nanomolar-potent, monoselective kinase inhibitor of IRE1α (KIRA8)-or conditional epithelial IRE1α gene knockout-both reduce DATP cell number and fibrosis in the bleomycin model, indicating that IRE1α cell-autonomously promotes transition into the DATP state. IRE1α enhances the profibrotic phenotype of DATPs since KIRA8 decreases expression of integrin αvβ6, a key activator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in pulmonary fibrosis, corresponding to decreased TGF-β-induced gene expression in the epithelium and decreased collagen accumulation around DATPs. Furthermore, IRE1α regulates DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, previously shown to promote the DATP phenotype, as IRE1α loss-of-function decreases H2AX phosphorylation, Cdkn1a (p21) expression, and DDR-associated secretory gene expression. Finally, KIRA8 treatment increases the differentiation of Krt19CreERT2-lineage-traced DATPs into type 1 alveolar epithelial cells after bleomycin injury, indicating that relief from IRE1α signaling enables DATPs to exit the transitional state. Thus, IRE1α coordinates a network of stress pathways that conspire to entrap injured cells in the DATP state. Pharmacological blockade of IRE1α signaling helps resolve the DATP state, thereby ameliorating fibrosis and promoting salutary lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Auyeung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael S Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maike Thamsen
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Talia A Wenger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley J Backes
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Feroz R Papa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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37
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38
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Papaioannou A, Centonze F, Metais A, Maurel M, Negroni L, Gonzalez-Quiroz M, Mahdizadeh SJ, Svensson G, Zare E, Blondel A, Koong AC, Hetz C, Pedeux R, Tremblay ML, Eriksson LA, Chevet E. Stress-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of RtcB modulates IRE1 activity and signaling outputs. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/5/e202201379. [PMID: 35193953 PMCID: PMC8899846 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ER stress is mediated by three sensors and the most evolutionary conserved IRE1α signals through its cytosolic kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities. IRE1α RNase activity can either catalyze the initial step of XBP1 mRNA unconventional splicing or degrade a number of RNAs through regulated IRE1-dependent decay. Until now, the biochemical and biological outputs of IRE1α RNase activity have been well documented; however, the precise mechanisms controlling whether IRE1α signaling is adaptive or pro-death (terminal) remain unclear. We investigated those mechanisms and hypothesized that XBP1 mRNA splicing and regulated IRE1-dependent decay activity could be co-regulated by the IRE1α RNase regulatory network. We identified that RtcB, the tRNA ligase responsible for XBP1 mRNA splicing, is tyrosine-phosphorylated by c-Abl and dephosphorylated by PTP1B. Moreover, we show that the phosphorylation of RtcB at Y306 perturbs RtcB interaction with IRE1α, thereby attenuating XBP1 mRNA splicing. Our results demonstrate that the IRE1α RNase regulatory network is dynamically fine-tuned by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases upon various stresses and that the extent of RtcB tyrosine phosphorylation determines cell adaptive or death outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Papaioannou
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Federica Centonze
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Alice Metais
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Maurel
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Luc Negroni
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Matías Gonzalez-Quiroz
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gabriella Svensson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ensieh Zare
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alice Blondel
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France .,Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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Zhou Z, Wang Q, Michalak M. Inositol Requiring Enzyme (IRE), a multiplayer in sensing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 25:347-357. [PMID: 35059134 PMCID: PMC8765250 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.2020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Althubiti M. Tyrosine kinase targeting: A potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:183-191. [PMID: 36247049 PMCID: PMC9555044 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_492_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been studied extensively in cancer research, ultimately resulting in the approval of many drugs for cancer therapy. Recent evidence from reported clinical cases and experimental studies have suggested that some of these drugs have a potential role in diabetes treatment. These TKIs include imatinib, sunitinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, nilotinib, neratinib, and ibrutinib. As a result of promising findings, imatinib has been used in a phase II clinical trial. In this review, studies that used TKIs in the treatment of both types of diabetes are critically discussed. In addition, the different molecular mechanisms of action of these drugs in diabetes models are also highlighted to understand their antidiabetic mode of action.
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Welsh N. Are off-target effects of imatinib the key to improving beta-cell function in diabetes? Ups J Med Sci 2022; 127:8841. [PMID: 36187072 PMCID: PMC9487420 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The small tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, STI571) protects against both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but as it inhibits many TKs and other proteins, it is not clear by which mechanisms it acts. This present review will focus on the possibility that imatinib acts, at least in part, by improving beta-cell function and survival via off-target effects on beta-cell signaling/metabolic flow events. Particular attention will be given to the possibility that imatinib and other TK inhibitors function as inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration. A better understanding of how imatinib counteracts diabetes will possibly help to clarify the pathogenic role of beta-cell signaling events and mitochondrial function, and hopefully leading to improved treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mukherjee N, Lin L, Contreras CJ, Templin AT. β-Cell Death in Diabetes: Past Discoveries, Present Understanding, and Potential Future Advances. Metabolites 2021; 11:796. [PMID: 34822454 PMCID: PMC8620854 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell death is regarded as a major event driving loss of insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore past, present, and potential future advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that promote β-cell death in diabetes, with a focus on the primary literature. We first review discoveries of insulin insufficiency, β-cell loss, and β-cell death in human diabetes. We discuss findings in humans and mouse models of diabetes related to autoimmune-associated β-cell loss and the roles of autoreactive T cells, B cells, and the β cell itself in this process. We review discoveries of the molecular mechanisms that underlie β-cell death-inducing stimuli, including proinflammatory cytokines, islet amyloid formation, ER stress, oxidative stress, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Finally, we explore recent perspectives on β-cell death in diabetes, including: (1) the role of the β cell in its own demise, (2) methods and terminology for identifying diverse mechanisms of β-cell death, and (3) whether non-canonical forms of β-cell death, such as regulated necrosis, contribute to islet inflammation and β-cell loss in diabetes. We believe new perspectives on the mechanisms of β-cell death in diabetes will provide a better understanding of this pathological process and may lead to new therapeutic strategies to protect β cells in the setting of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyonika Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Li Lin
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
| | - Christopher J. Contreras
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew T. Templin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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ATP-competitive partial antagonists of the IRE1α RNase segregate outputs of the UPR. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1148-1156. [PMID: 34556859 PMCID: PMC8551014 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) homeostatically matches endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-folding capacity to cellular secretory needs. However, under high or chronic ER stress, the UPR triggers apoptosis. This cell fate dichotomy is promoted by differential activation of the ER transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase) IRE1α. We previously found that the RNase of IRE1α can be either fully activated or inactivated by ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. Here we developed kinase inhibitors, partial antagonists of IRE1α RNase (PAIRs), that partially antagonize the IRE1α RNase at full occupancy. Biochemical and structural studies show that PAIRs promote partial RNase antagonism by intermediately displacing the helix αC in the IRE1α kinase domain. In insulin-producing β-cells, PAIRs permit adaptive splicing of Xbp1 mRNA while quelling destructive ER mRNA endonucleolytic decay and apoptosis. By preserving Xbp1 mRNA splicing, PAIRs allow B cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells. Thus, an intermediate RNase-inhibitory 'sweet spot', achieved by PAIR-bound IRE1α, captures a desirable conformation for drugging this master UPR sensor/effector.
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Charles MA, Leslie RD. Diabetes: Concepts of β-Cell Organ Dysfunction and Failure Would Lead to Earlier Diagnoses and Prevention. Diabetes 2021; 70:2444-2456. [PMID: 34711669 PMCID: PMC8564410 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As the world endures a viral pandemic superimposed on a diabetes pandemic, the latter incorporates most of the comorbidities associated with the former, thereby exacerbating risk of death in both. An essential approach to both pandemics is prevention and unrealized earlier treatment. Thus, in this Perspective relating to diabetes, we emphasize a paradigm of, first, reversible β-cell organ dysfunction and then irreversible β-cell organ failure, which directly indicate the potential for earlier prevention, also unrealized in current guidelines. Four pillars support this paradigm: epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular pathology, and genetics. A substantial worldwide knowledge base defines each pillar and informs a more aggressive preventive approach to most forms of the disorder. This analysis seeks to clarify the temporal and therapeutic relationships between lost β-cell function and content, illuminating the potential for earlier diagnoses and, thus, prevention. We also propose that myriad pathways leading to most forms of diabetes converge at the endoplasmic reticulum, where stress can result in β-cell death and content loss. Finally, genetic and nongenetic origins common to major types of diabetes can inform earlier diagnosis and, potentially, prevention, with the aim of preserving β-cell mass.
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45
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Sharma RB, Landa-Galván HV, Alonso LC. Living Dangerously: Protective and Harmful ER Stress Responses in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:2431-2443. [PMID: 34711668 PMCID: PMC8564401 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing cause of poor health, psychosocial burden, and economic costs worldwide. The pancreatic β-cell is a cornerstone of metabolic physiology. Insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia, which was fatal before the availability of therapeutic insulins; even partial deficiency of insulin leads to diabetes in the context of insulin resistance. Comprising only an estimated 1 g or <1/500th of a percent of the human body mass, pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans are a vulnerable link in metabolism. Proinsulin production constitutes a major load on β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and decompensated ER stress is a cause of β-cell failure and loss in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D. The unfolded protein response (UPR), the principal ER stress response system, is critical for maintenance of β-cell health. Successful UPR guides expansion of ER protein folding capacity and increased β-cell number through survival pathways and cell replication. However, in some cases the ER stress response can cause collateral β-cell damage and may even contribute to diabetes pathogenesis. Here we review the known beneficial and harmful effects of UPR pathways in pancreatic β-cells. Improved understanding of this stress response tipping point may lead to approaches to maintain β-cell health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Huguet V Landa-Galván
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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46
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Pharmacological targeting of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:115-140. [PMID: 34702991 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore protein homeostasis. However, the UPR also plays an important pathological role in many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer and neurological disorders. Over the last decade, significant effort has been invested in targeting signalling proteins involved in the UPR and an array of drug-like molecules is now available. However, these molecules have limitations, the understanding of which is crucial for their development into therapies. Here, we critically review the existing ER stress and UPR-directed drug-like molecules, highlighting both their value and their limitations.
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47
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Bolla AM, Usuelli V, Ben Nasr M, Frigerio S, Loretelli C, D'Addio F, Fiorina P. Next-gen therapeutics to spare and expand beta-cell mass. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 61:77-82. [PMID: 34649215 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The most effective and physiological way to treat hyperglycemia is to restore beta-cell function and to rescue production of endogenous insulin. Increasing evidence suggests that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by a significant defect in beta-cell mass, leading to the manifestation of the disease. Novel alternative approaches are needed to spare and expand beta-cell mass in patients with diabetes. This review sets out to describe the latest findings on how to restore the beta-cell mass and function in both forms of diabetes to modulate their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Frigerio
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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48
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Toren E, Burnette KS, Banerjee RR, Hunter CS, Tse HM. Partners in Crime: Beta-Cells and Autoimmune Responses Complicit in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756548. [PMID: 34691077 PMCID: PMC8529969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Loss of beta-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia, with patients eventually requiring lifelong insulin therapy to maintain normal glycemic control. Since T1D has been historically defined as a disease of immune system dysregulation, there has been little focus on the state and response of beta-cells and how they may also contribute to their own demise. Major hurdles to identifying a cure for T1D include a limited understanding of disease etiology and how functional and transcriptional beta-cell heterogeneity may be involved in disease progression. Recent studies indicate that the beta-cell response is not simply a passive aspect of T1D pathogenesis, but rather an interplay between the beta-cell and the immune system actively contributing to disease. Here, we comprehensively review the current literature describing beta-cell vulnerability, heterogeneity, and contributions to pathophysiology of T1D, how these responses are influenced by autoimmunity, and describe pathways that can potentially be exploited to delay T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - KaLia S. Burnette
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ronadip R. Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Eizirik DL, Szymczak F, Alvelos MI, Martin F. From Pancreatic β-Cell Gene Networks to Novel Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:1915-1925. [PMID: 34417266 PMCID: PMC8576417 DOI: 10.2337/dbi20-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Completion of the Human Genome Project enabled a novel systems- and network-level understanding of biology, but this remains to be applied for understanding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We propose that defining the key gene regulatory networks that drive β-cell dysfunction and death in T1D might enable the design of therapies that target the core disease mechanism, namely, the progressive loss of pancreatic β-cells. Indeed, many successful drugs do not directly target individual disease genes but, rather, modulate the consequences of defective steps, targeting proteins located one or two steps downstream. If we transpose this to the T1D situation, it makes sense to target the pathways that modulate the β-cell responses to the immune assault-in relation to signals that may stimulate the immune response (e.g., HLA class I and chemokine overexpression and/or neoantigen expression) or inhibit the invading immune cells (e.g., PDL1 and HLA-E expression)-instead of targeting only the immune system, as it is usually proposed. Here we discuss the importance of a focus on β-cells in T1D, lessons learned from other autoimmune diseases, the "alternative splicing connection," data mining, and drug repurposing to protect β-cells in T1D and then some of the initial candidates under testing for β-cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decio L Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Inês Alvelos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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50
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Gitelman SE, Bundy BN, Ferrannini E, Lim N, Blanchfield JL, DiMeglio LA, Felner EI, Gaglia JL, Gottlieb PA, Long SA, Mari A, Mirmira RG, Raskin P, Sanda S, Tsalikian E, Wentworth JM, Willi SM, Krischer JP, Bluestone JA. Imatinib therapy for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:502-514. [PMID: 34214479 PMCID: PMC8494464 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune-mediated destruction of β cells. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib might affect relevant immunological and metabolic pathways, and preclinical studies show that it reverses and prevents diabetes. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of imatinib in preserving β-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (<100 days from diagnosis), aged 18-45 years, positive for at least one type of diabetes-associated autoantibody, and with a peak stimulated C-peptide of greater than 0·2 nmol L-1 on a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) were enrolled from nine medical centres in the USA (n=8) and Australia (n=1). Participants were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either 400 mg imatinib mesylate (4 × 100 mg film-coated tablets per day) or matching placebo for 26 weeks via a computer-generated blocked randomisation scheme stratified by centre. Treatment assignments were masked for all participants and study personnel except pharmacists at each clinical site. The primary endpoint was the difference in the area under the curve (AUC) mean for C-peptide response in the first 2 h of an MMTT at 12 months in the imatinib group versus the placebo group, with use of an ANCOVA model adjusting for sex, baseline age, and baseline C-peptide, with further observation up to 24 months. The primary analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). Safety was assessed in all randomly assigned participants. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01781975 (completed). FINDINGS Patients were screened and enrolled between Feb 12, 2014, and May 19, 2016. 45 patients were assigned to receive imatinib and 22 to receive placebo. After withdrawals, 43 participants in the imatinib group and 21 in the placebo group were included in the primary ITT analysis at 12 months. The study met its primary endpoint: the adjusted mean difference in 2-h C-peptide AUC at 12 months for imatinib versus placebo treatment was 0·095 (90% CI -0·003 to 0·191; p=0·048, one-tailed test). This effect was not sustained out to 24 months. During the 24-month follow-up, 32 (71%) of 45 participants who received imatinib had a grade 2 severity or worse adverse event, compared with 13 (59%) of 22 participants who received placebo. The most common adverse events (grade 2 severity or worse) that differed between the groups were gastrointestinal issues (six [13%] participants in the imatinib group, primarily nausea, and none in the placebo group) and additional laboratory investigations (ten [22%] participants in the imatinib group and two [9%] in the placebo group). Per the trial protocol, 17 (38%) participants in the imatinib group required a temporary modification in drug dosing and six (13%) permanently discontinued imatinib due to adverse events; five (23%) participants in the placebo group had temporary modifications in dosing and none had a permanent discontinuation due to adverse events. INTERPRETATION A 26-week course of imatinib preserved β-cell function at 12 months in adults with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Imatinib might offer a novel means to alter the course of type 1 diabetes. Future considerations are defining ideal dose and duration of therapy, safety and efficacy in children, combination use with a complimentary drug, and ability of imatinib to delay or prevent progression to diabetes in an at-risk population; however, careful monitoring for possible toxicities is required. FUNDING Juvenile Research Diabetes Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noha Lim
- Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason L Gaglia
- Section on Immunology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea Mari
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Philip Raskin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Srinath Sanda
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - John M Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven M Willi
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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