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Khalafi M, Habibi Maleki A, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK, Rohani H, Ehsanifar M. The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3830-3841. [PMID: 38956175 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either a control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials with parallel or crossover designs that studied the effects of IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Overall, 14 studies involving 1101 adults with prediabetes or T2D were included in the meta-analysis. IF decreased body weight (WMD -4.56 kg [95% CI -6.23 to -2.83]; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; WMD -1.99 kg.m2 [95% CI -2.74 to -1.23]; p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; WMD -0.81% [95% CI -1.24 to -0.38]; p = 0.001), fasting glucose (WMD -0.36 mmol/L [95% CI -0.63 to -0.09]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD -0.31 mmol/L [95% CI -0.60 to -0.02]; p = 0.03) and triglycerides (WMD -0.14 mmol/L [95% CI -0.27 to -0.01]; p = 0.02), but did not significantly decrease fat mass, insulin, low-densitiy lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, or blood pressure as compared with CON. Furthermore, IF decreased body weight (WMD -1.14 kg [95% CI -1.69 to -0.60]; p = 0.001) and BMI (WMD -0.43 kg.m2 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.27]; p = 0.001), but did not significantly affect fat mass, lean body mass, visceral fat, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profiles or blood pressure. CONCLUSION Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss and specific cardiometabolic health markers in individuals with prediabetes or T2D. Additionally, IF is associated with a reduction in body weight and BMI compared to CR, without effects on glycaemic markers, lipid profiles or blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Rohani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ehsanifar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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2
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Xie X, Zhang M, Luo H. Regulation of metabolism by circadian rhythms: Support from time-restricted eating, intestinal microbiota & omics analysis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122814. [PMID: 38857654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian oscillatory system plays a key role in coordinating the metabolism of most organisms. Perturbation of genetic effects and misalignment of circadian rhythms result in circadian dysfunction and signs of metabolic disorders. The eating-fasting cycle can act on the peripheral circadian clocks, bypassing the photoperiod. Therefore, time-restricted eating (TRE) can improve metabolic health by adjusting eating rhythms, a process achieved through reprogramming of circadian genomes and metabolic programs at different tissue levels or remodeling of the intestinal microbiota, with omics technology allowing visualization of the regulatory processes. Here, we review recent advances in circadian regulation of metabolism, focus on the potential application of TRE for rescuing circadian dysfunction and metabolic disorders with the contribution of intestinal microbiota in between, and summarize the significance of omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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3
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Zambrano C, González-Alvarado E, Salmerón D, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Luján J, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Time-restricted eating affects human adipose tissue fat mobilization. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024. [PMID: 39073251 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Time-restricted eating (TRE), a dietary approach that confines food intake to specific time windows, has shown metabolic benefits. However, its impact on body weight loss remains inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of early TRE (eTRE) and delayed TRE (dTRE) on fat mobilization using human adipose tissue (AT) cultures. METHODS Subcutaneous AT was collected from 21 participants with severe obesity. We assessed fat mobilization by measuring glycerol release in AT culture across four treatment conditions: control, eTRE, dTRE, and 24-h fasting. RESULTS TRE had a significant impact on lipolysis (glycerol release [mean (SD)] in micromoles per hour per gram: control, 0.05 [0.003]; eTRE, 0.10 [0.006]; dTRE, 0.08 [0.005]; and fasting, 0.17 [0.008]; p < 0.0001). Both eTRE and dTRE increased lipolysis compared with the control group, with eTRE showing higher glycerol mobilization than dTRE during the overall 24-h time window, especially at the nighttime/habitual sleep episode (p < 0.0001). Further analysis of TRE based on fasting duration revealed that, independently of the time window, glycerol release increased with fasting duration (in micromoles per hour per gram: 8 h = 0.08 [0.001]; 12 h = 0.09 [0.008]; and 16 h of fasting = 0.12 [0.011]; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the potential benefits of TRE on fat mobilization and may guide the design of future dietary strategies for weight management and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena González-Alvarado
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA Biosanitary Research Institute, Granada University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luján
- General Surgery Service, Hospital Quirónsalud, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Jin X, Deng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Rong S. Counting hours or calories? Metabolic regulatory role of time-restricted eating in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39069716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) effectively improves healthspan, including controlling obesity and improving metabolic health. To date, few meta-analyses have been conducted to explore the effects of various protocols of TRE in participants with overweight/obesity. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up until October 15, 2022. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of TRE on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in participants with overweight/obesity were included. Mean differences of changes from the baseline were used for all analyses between the two groups. Prespecified subgroup analyses based on different protocols of TRE were performed. Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis with 1867 participants. TRE interventions led to significant changes in body weight. When energy restriction strategies were conducted in both the TRE and control groups, the weight-loss effect of TRE remained significant. TRE with 4 ∼ 8h feeding window, morning or late eating strategies, led to reduction in body weight and fat mass for at least 8 wk. Hence TRE is a potential and effective approach for weight loss for participants with overweight/obesity. An 8h-TRE intervention with a morning eating strategy for at least eight weeks might be the optimum TRE intervention mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University; Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintian Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University; Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Carmody RN, Varady K, Turnbaugh PJ. Digesting the complex metabolic effects of diet on the host and microbiome. Cell 2024; 187:3857-3876. [PMID: 39059362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The past 50 years of interdisciplinary research in humans and model organisms has delivered unprecedented insights into the mechanisms through which diet affects energy balance. However, translating these results to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases remains challenging. Given the vast scope of this literature, we focus this Review on recent conceptual advances in molecular nutrition targeting the management of energy balance, including emerging dietary and pharmaceutical interventions and their interactions with the human gut microbiome. Notably, multiple current dietary patterns of interest embrace moderate-to-high fat intake or prioritize the timing of eating over macronutrient intake. Furthermore, the rapid expansion of microbiome research findings has complicated multiple longstanding tenets of nutrition while also providing new opportunities for intervention. Continued progress promises more precise and reliable dietary recommendations that leverage our growing knowledge of the microbiome, the changing landscape of clinical interventions, and our molecular understanding of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Koppold DA, Breinlinger C, Hanslian E, Kessler C, Cramer H, Khokhar AR, Peterson CM, Tinsley G, Vernieri C, Bloomer RJ, Boschmann M, Bragazzi NL, Brandhorst S, Gabel K, Goldhamer AC, Grajower MM, Harvie M, Heilbronn L, Horne BD, Karras SN, Langhorst J, Lischka E, Madeo F, Mitchell SJ, Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos IE, Papagiannopoulou M, Pijl H, Ravussin E, Ritzmann-Widderich M, Varady K, Adamidou L, Chihaoui M, de Cabo R, Hassanein M, Lessan N, Longo V, Manoogian ENC, Mattson MP, Muhlestein JB, Panda S, Papadopoulou SK, Rodopaios NE, Stange R, Michalsen A. International consensus on fasting terminology. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00269-9. [PMID: 39059384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Although fasting is increasingly applied for disease prevention and treatment, consensus on terminology is lacking. Using Delphi methodology, an international, multidisciplinary panel of researchers and clinicians standardized definitions of various fasting approaches in humans. Five online surveys and a live online conference were conducted with 38 experts, 25 of whom completed all 5 surveys. Consensus was achieved for the following terms: "fasting" (voluntary abstinence from some or all foods or foods and beverages), "modified fasting" (restriction of energy intake to max. 25% of energy needs), "fluid-only fasting," "alternate-day fasting," "short-term fasting" (lasting 2-3 days), "prolonged fasting" (≥4 consecutive days), and "religious fasting." "Intermittent fasting" (repetitive fasting periods lasting ≤48 h), "time-restricted eating," and "fasting-mimicking diet" were discussed most. This study provides expert recommendations on fasting terminology for future research and clinical applications, facilitating communication and cross-referencing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Koppold
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany; Charité Competence Center for Traditional and Integrative Medicine (CCCTIM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carolin Breinlinger
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Etienne Hanslian
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kessler
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Institute for General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Robert Bosch Center for Integrative Medicine and Health, Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anika Rajput Khokhar
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Courtney M Peterson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Grant Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental & Clinical Research Center - A joint co-operation between Charité Universitätsmedizin und Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Clinical Research Unit, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alan C Goldhamer
- TrueNorth Health Foundation, Santa Rosa, CA 95404, USA; TrueNorth Health Center, Santa Rosa, CA 95404, USA
| | - Martin M Grajower
- Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Harvie
- Prevent Breast Cancer Research Unit, The Nightingale Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England; Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Leonie Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Nutrition, Metabolism & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Horne
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Spyridon N Karras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department for Internal and Integrative Medicine, Sozialstiftung Bamberg Hospital, Bamberg, Germany; Department for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Eva Lischka
- Klinik Buchinger Wilhelmi, Überlingen, Germany
| | - Frank Madeo
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Martha Ritzmann-Widderich
- Praxis für Ernährungsmedizin und Prävention in Rottweil, Hochbrücktorstraße 22, 78628 Rottweil, Germany
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lilian Adamidou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melika Chihaoui
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital La Rabta, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Cooperation, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Valter Longo
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily N C Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Department, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Department, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Rodopaios
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, Greece
| | - Rainer Stange
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Mena-Hernández DR, Jiménez-Domínguez G, Méndez JD, Olvera-Hernández V, Martínez-López MC, Guzmán-Priego CG, Reyes-López Z, Ramos-García M, Juárez-Rojop IE, Zavaleta-Toledo SS, Ble-Castillo JL. Effect of Early Time-Restricted Eating on Metabolic Markers and Body Composition in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2187. [PMID: 39064630 PMCID: PMC11279456 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) on metabolic markers and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. Seventeen subjects completed a randomized, crossover, and controlled clinical trial. Twelve women and five men participated, with a mean age of 25.8 ± 10.0 years and a BMI of 32.0 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The eTRE intervention included 16 h of fasting (3:00 pm to 7:00 am) and 8 h of ad libitum eating (7:00 am to 03:00 pm) (16:8). The trial included four weeks of interventions followed by a four-week washout period. Body weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body composition measurements were taken. Additionally, a venous blood sample was collected for biochemical determinations. In a before-after analysis, eTRE induced a reduction in BW and BMI in women but this was not significant when compared to the control group. eTRE did not modify any other anthropometric measurements, fasting biochemical parameters, glycemic and insulinemic responses, blood pressure, or subjective appetite. In conclusion, eTRE did not induce beneficial effects on the glycemic and lipid metabolisms, body composition, subjective appetite, or blood pressure. These findings may be attributed to the special characteristics of the population and the short intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rubí Mena-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Jiménez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Villahermosa 86060, Mexico
| | - José D. Méndez
- Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México 06703, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Olvera-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Mirian C. Martínez-López
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Crystell G. Guzmán-Priego
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Zeniff Reyes-López
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Meztli Ramos-García
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Isela E. Juárez-Rojop
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Selene S. Zavaleta-Toledo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Villahermosa 86060, Mexico
| | - Jorge L. Ble-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
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8
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Yuan Y, Hu R, Park J, Xiong S, Wang Z, Qian Y, Shi Z, Wu R, Han Z, Ong SG, Lin S, Varady KA, Xu P, Berry DC, Shu G, Jiang Y. Macrophage-derived chemokine CCL22 establishes local LN-mediated adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn5229. [PMID: 38924414 PMCID: PMC11204298 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There is a regional preference around lymph nodes (LNs) for adipose beiging. Here, we show that local LN removal within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) greatly impairs cold-induced beiging, and this impairment can be restored by injecting M2 macrophages or macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine (CCL22) into iWAT. CCL22 injection into iWAT effectively promotes iWAT beiging, while blocking CCL22 with antibodies can prevent it. Mechanistically, the CCL22 receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), within eosinophils and its downstream focal adhesion kinase/p65/interleukin-4 signaling are essential for CCL22-mediated beige adipocyte formation. Moreover, CCL22 levels are inversely correlated with body weight and fat mass in mice and humans. Acute elevation of CCL22 levels effectively prevents diet-induced body weight and fat gain by enhancing adipose beiging. Together, our data identify the CCL22-CCR4 axis as an essential mediator for LN-controlled adaptive thermogenesis and highlight its potential to combat obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoci Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jooman Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shaolei Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zilai Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yanyu Qian
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruifan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Ma RX. A detective story of intermittent fasting effect on immunity. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38922825 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to periodic fasting routines, that caloric intake is minimized not by meal portion size reduction but by intermittently eliminating ingestion of one or several consecutive meals. IF can instigate comprehensive and multifaceted alterations in energy metabolism, these metabolic channels may aboundingly function as primordial mechanisms that interface with the immune system, instigating intricate immune transformations. This review delivers a comprehensive understanding of IF, paying particular attention to its influence on the immune system, thus seeking to bridge these two research domains. We explore how IF effects lipid metabolism, hormonal levels, circadian rhythm, autophagy, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier integrity, and conjecture about the mechanisms orchestrating the intersect between these factors and the immune system. Moreover, the review includes research findings on the implications of IF on the immune system and patients burdened with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xue Ma
- School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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10
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Sukkriang N, Buranapin S. Effect of intermittent fasting 16:8 and 14:10 compared with control-group on weight reduction and metabolic outcomes in obesity with type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 38932663 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To compare the percent weight change and metabolic outcomes among diabetic participants with obesity on intermittent fasting (IF) 16:8, IF 14:10, or normal controlled diets. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted to randomize participants into three groups. Each group followed IF 16:8, IF 14:10, according to the protocol 3 days/week for 3 months or a control group. RESULTS A total of 99 participants completed the study. The percentage weight change from baseline was -4.02% (95% CI, -4.40 to -3.64) in IF 16:8, -3.15% (95% CI, -3.41 to -2.89) in IF 14:10, and -0.55% (95% CI, -1.05 to -0.05) in the control group. The percentage weight loss from baseline was significantly more in both IF groups (P < 0.001, both) when compared with the control group. Weight loss was significantly more in the IF 16:8 group than in that of the IF 14:10 group (P < 0.001). Metabolic outcomes (decrease in FBS and HbA1C, and improvement in lipid profiles) were significantly improved from baseline in both IF groups in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Either IF 16:8 or 14:10 had a benefit in the percentage weight change, glucose and lipid profiles in obese diabetic patients compared with the control group when consumed for 3 days a week for 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naparat Sukkriang
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Supawan Buranapin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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11
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Brogi S, Tabanelli R, Puca S, Calderone V. Intermittent Fasting: Myths, Fakes and Truth on This Dietary Regimen Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1960. [PMID: 38998465 PMCID: PMC11241639 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been indicated as a valuable alternative to the classical caloric restriction dietary regimen for lowering body weight and preventing obesity-related complications, such as metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. However, is it effective? In this review article, we analyzed over 50 clinical studies in which IF, conducted by alternate day fasting (ADF) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), was compared with the caloric restriction approach. We evaluated the different roles of IF in treating and preventing human disorders such as metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and some types of cancer, as well as the usefulness of IF in reducing body weight and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. Furthermore, we explored the cellular pathways targeted by IF to exert their beneficial effects by activating effector proteins that modulate cell functions and resistance to oxidative stress. In contrast, we investigated concerns regarding human health related to the adoption of IF dietary regimens, highlighting the profound debate surrounding weight loss regimens. We examined and compared several clinical trials to formulate an updated concept regarding IF and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rita Tabanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Sara Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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12
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Sagun E, Akyol A, Kaymak C. Chrononutrition in Critical Illness. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae078. [PMID: 38904422 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in humans are biological rhythms that regulate various physiological processes within a 24-hour time frame. Critical illness can disrupt the circadian rhythm, as can environmental and clinical factors, including altered light exposure, organ replacement therapies, disrupted sleep-wake cycles, noise, continuous enteral feeding, immobility, and therapeutic interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions, controlling the ICU environment, and pharmacological treatments are among the treatment strategies for circadian disruption. Nutrition establishes biological rhythms in metabolically active peripheral tissues and organs through appropriate synchronization with endocrine signals. Therefore, adhering to a feeding schedule based on the biological clock, a concept known as "chrononutrition," appears to be vitally important for regulating peripheral clocks. Chrononutritional approaches, such as intermittent enteral feeding that includes overnight fasting and consideration of macronutrient composition in enteral solutions, could potentially restore circadian health by resetting peripheral clocks. However, due to the lack of evidence, further studies on the effect of chrononutrition on clinical outcomes in critical illness are needed. The purpose of this review was to discuss the role of chrononutrition in regulating biological rhythms in critical illness, and its impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Sagun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Cetin Kaymak
- Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
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13
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Świątkiewicz I, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska J, Nartowicz M, Sokołowski K, Sutkowy P, Rajewski P, Buczkowski K, Chudzińska M, Manoogian ENC, Taub PR, Woźniak A. Feasibility and Cardiometabolic Effects of Time-Restricted Eating in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2024; 16:1802. [PMID: 38931157 PMCID: PMC11206952 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a prolonged daily eating window (EW) are associated with circadian rhythm disruption and increased cardiometabolic risk. Misalignment between circadian timing system and daily rhythms of food intake adversely impacts metabolic regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular function. Restricting the daily EW by imposing an eating-fasting cycle through time-restricted eating (TRE) can restore robust circadian rhythms, support cellular metabolism, and improve cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to assess a feasibility of 12-week TRE intervention with self-selected 10 h EW and effects of TRE on EW duration, cardiometabolic outcomes, daily rhythms of behavior, and wellbeing in Polish patients with MetS and EW ≥ 14 h/day. Dietary intake was monitored with a validated myCircadianClock application (mCC app). Adherence to TRE defined as the proportion of days recorded with mCC app in which participants satisfied 10-h TRE was the primary outcome. A total of 26 patients (aged 45 ± 13 years, 62% women, 3.3 ± 0.5 MetS criteria, EW 14 ± 1.5 h/day) were enrolled. Coexistence of increased waist circumference (WC) (96% of patients), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (77%), and elevated blood pressure (BP) (69%) was the most common MetS pattern (50%). TRE intervention (mean duration of 81.6 ± 12.6 days) led to reducing daily EW by 28% (p < 0.0001). Adherence to TRE was 87 ± 13%. Adherence to logging food intake on mCC app during TRE was 70 ± 27%. Post TRE, a decrease in body weight (2%, 1.7 ± 3.6 kg, p = 0.026), body mass index (BMI) (1%, 0.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2, p = 0.027), WC (2%, 2.5 ± 3.9 cm, p = 0.003), systolic BP (4%, 4.8 ± 9.0 mmHg, p = 0.012), FPG (4%, 3.8 ± 6.9 mg/dL, p = 0.037), glycated hemoglobin (4%, 0.2 ± 0.4%, p = 0.011), mean fasting glucose level from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) (4%, 4.0 ± 6.1 mg/dL, p = 0.002), and sleepiness score (25%, 1.9 ± 3.2 points, p = 0043) were observed. A significant decrease in body weight (2%), BMI (2%), WC (3%), mean CGM fasting glucose (6%), sleepiness score (27%), and depression score (60%) was found in patients with mean post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day (58% of total), and not in patients with EW > 10 h/day. Adherence to TRE was higher in patients with post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day vs. patients with EW > 10 h/day (94 ± 6% vs. 77 ± 14%, p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that 10-h TRE was feasible in the European MetS population. TRE resulted in reducing daily EW and improved cardiometabolic outcomes and wellbeing in patients with MetS and prolonged EW. Use of the mCC app can aid in implementing TRE. This pilot clinical trial provides exploratory data that are a basis for a large-scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and sustainability of TRE for reducing cardiometabolic risks in MetS populations. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of TRE effects, including its impact on circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Świątkiewicz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Nartowicz
- Clinical Nutrition Team, Oncology Center—Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Sokołowski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Paweł Sutkowy
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Paweł Rajewski
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Treatment, 85-676 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences in Bydgoszcz, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of Family Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Chudzińska
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Emily N. C. Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
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14
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Irani H, Abiri B, Khodami B, Yari Z, Lafzi Ghazi M, Hosseinzadeh N, Saidpour A. Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, serum levels of BDNF and LBP in overweight/obese women with food addiction: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:577-589. [PMID: 37436939 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2234704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Food addiction (FA) as a specific food-related behavior may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and gut microbiota (GM) alterations probably through fasting are closely related to brain function, affecting eating behaviors and body weight management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on serum BDNF levels and eating behaviors in overweight and obese women with FA. METHODS AND DESIGN This clinical trial was performed with a 2-month follow-up on 56 obese and overweight women with FA. Participants were randomly divided into two groups receiving a low-calorie diet (n = 27) and a group receiving a low-calorie diet with TRF (n = 29). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior, and stress were assessed during the study period. RESULTS The reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat mass were significantly higher in the TRF group compared to the control group at week 8 (P = 0.018, P = 0.015. P = 0.03, and P = 0.036, respectively). The cognitive restriction score was higher in the TRF as compared with the control group (P = 0.002). The food addiction criteria score was significantly reduced in both groups (P < 0.001). Serum levels of BDNF were significantly increased in the TRF group (P < 0.001). In addition, BDNF levels had a positive and significant correlation with the cognitive restriction score (r = 0.468 and P < 0.001), While the correlation with FA was not significant (β = 0.588 and P = 0.618). Lipopolysaccharide binding protein decreased significantly in both groups, but this decrease was significantly higher in the TRF group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that a low-calorie diet with TRF is more effective in weight management than a low-calorie diet alone, probably through further modulating the GM and improving BDNF levels. More effective weight loss in the TRF is probably related to better management of eating behavior than FA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20131228015968N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Irani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Khodami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Lafzi Ghazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Hosseinzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Sepúlveda B, Marín A, Burrows R, Sepúlveda A, Chamorro R. It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:214-239. [PMID: 38625630 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.e., eating window starting in the early morning) vs. late (i.e., eating window starting after midday)-TRE protocol. RECENT FINDINGS Well-controlled studies indicate that both TRE protocols effectively reduce body weight and improve altered glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation, or blood pressure levels. An early-TRE (e-TRE) might have a further positive impact on improving blood glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance. However, the studies directly assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- vs. late-TRE have shown dissimilar findings, and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed on the metabolic benefits of these two types of TRE. Evidence suggests that an e-TRE might have enhanced metabolic results, particularly regarding glucose homeostasis. More long-term studies, including larger sample sizes, are needed to assess the metabolic, circadian, and adherence benefits, together with socio-cultural acceptance of both TRE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Sepúlveda
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Marín
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Food and Nutrition Unit, Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Sepúlveda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Chong GY, Kaur S, Ruzita AT, Wilfred Mok KH, Tan HY, Loy SL, Chen LW, Siah WY, Lim GP, Chee YY, June Lem EM, Koo HC. Scoping review: Exploring the relationship between chrononutrition and glycemic responses in the adult population. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:904-923. [PMID: 38832541 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2360742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Chrononutrition, an emerging body of evidence on the relationship between biological rhythms and metabolism, has been established to be associated with glycemic responses. However, the available evidence is inconsistent, due to protocol variations. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the findings on chrononutrition characteristics and their association with glycemic responses among adults. Systematic searches were conducted across six databases (PubMed, EBSCO Host, ProQuest Central, MEDLINE & Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science) to identify all relevant studies published from January 2012. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and full-text articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Details about population characteristics, study methods and key findings were extracted following the PRISMA-ScR guideline. The quality of selected studies was evaluated using the mixed methods appraisal tool. The searchers identified 49 studies eligible for analysis. The results showed that meal timing, particularly night-time eating and snacking were associated with glycemic responses. Regarding meal regularity, skipping breakfast may affect glycemic responses, but no clear conclusion was drawn about its effect on insulin. The association between meal frequency and glycemic responses was inconclusive. Night fasting duration and restricted eating window are potentially associated with glycemic responses. The current review extensively investigates the association between chrononutrition factors and glycemic responses in adults. However, more prospective cohort and interventional studies are needed to better understand this causal-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guey Yong Chong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abd Talib Ruzita
- Nutritional Sciences Program, Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoe Wilfred Mok
- Institute for Health Systems Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hui Yin Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wei Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woan Yie Siah
- Klinik Kesihatan Batu Berendam, Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Melaka Tengah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Geok Pei Lim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Chee
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ee Mun June Lem
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Chin Koo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Giannakogeorgou A, Roden M. Role of lifestyle and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss in obesity, type 2 diabetes and steatotic liver diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S52-S75. [PMID: 38813830 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current obesity pandemic has given rise to associated comorbidities and complications, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). During the last decade, certain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), originally developed as antihyperglycemic drugs, also demonstrated efficacy for weight loss. AIMS To review shared pathophysiologic features of common metabolic diseases and compare therapeutic strategies to reduce body weight and related complications. METHODS We performed an extensive literature research to describe the effects of lifestyle modification, first-generation anti-obesity drugs, and GLP-1RA on weight loss in humans with obesity, type 2 diabetes and MASLD. RESULTS Until recently, treatment of obesity has been limited to lifestyle modification, which offer moderate degree and sustainability of weight loss. The few approved first-generation anti-obesity drugs are either limited to short term use or to certain forms of obesity. Some GLP-1RA significantly decrease caloric intake and body weight. Liraglutide and semaglutide have therefore been approved for treating people with obesity. They also lead to a reduction of hepatic fat content and inflammation in people with biopsy-confirmed MASLD. Possible limitations comprise adverse effects, treatment adherence and persistence. CONCLUSION Certain GLP-1RA are superior to lifestyle modification and first-generation anti-obesity drugs in inducing weight loss. They have therefore markedly changed the portfolio of obesity treatment with additional beneficial effects on steatotic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giannakogeorgou
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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Varady KA, Runchey MC, Reutrakul S, Vidmar AP, Chow LS. Clinical potential of fasting in type 1 diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:413-424. [PMID: 38331668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Most adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are either overweight or obese. As such, dietary management is recommended as an adjunct to insulin treatment to improve glycemic control and facilitate weight loss in these patients. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that offers a simplified approach to treating obesity in T1DM. TRE typically involves restricting eating to 6 to 10 h per day, with water and medications allowed outside the eating window. This review examines the efficacy of TRE and other fasting protocols in improving weight and glycemic control in patients with obesity and T1DM. This review will also evaluate the safety of these regimens and provide advice to clinicians on implementing intermittent fasting in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mary-Claire Runchey
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
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Quist JS, Pedersen HE, Jensen MM, Clemmensen KKB, Bjerre N, Ekblond TS, Uldal S, Størling J, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Holst JJ, Torekov SS, Nyeland ME, Vistisen D, Jørgensen ME, Panda S, Brock C, Finlayson G, Blond MB, Færch K. Effects of 3 months of 10-h per-day time-restricted eating and 3 months of follow-up on bodyweight and cardiometabolic health in Danish individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes: the RESET single-centre, parallel, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e314-e325. [PMID: 38588687 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been suggested to be a simple, feasible, and effective dietary strategy for individuals with overweight or obesity. We aimed to investigate the effects of 3 months of 10-h per-day TRE and 3 months of follow-up on bodyweight and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This was a single-centre, parallel, superiority, open-label randomised controlled clinical trial conducted at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (Denmark). The inclusion criteria were age 30-70 years with either overweight (ie, BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and concomitant prediabetes (ie, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 39-47 mmol/mol) or obesity (ie, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with or without prediabetes and a habitual self-reported eating window (eating and drinking [except for water]) of 12 h per day or more every day and of 14 h per day or more at least 1 day per week. Individuals were randomly assigned 1:1 to 3 months of habitual living (hereafter referred to as the control group) or TRE, which was a self-selected 10-h per-day eating window placed between 0600 h and 2000 h. Randomisation was done in blocks varying in size and was open for participants and research staff, but outcome assessors were masked during statistical analyses. The randomisation list was generated by an external statistician. The primary outcome was change in bodyweight, assessed after 3 months (12 weeks) of the intervention and after 3 months (13 weeks) of follow-up. Adverse events were reported and registered at study visits or if participants contacted study staff to report events between visits. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03854656). FINDINGS Between March 12, 2019, and March 2, 2022, 100 participants (66 [66%] were female and 34 [34%] were male; median age 59 years [IQR 52-65]) were enrolled and randomly assigned (50 to each group). Of those 100, 46 (92%) in the TRE group and 46 (92%) in the control group completed the intervention period. After 3 months of the intervention, there was no difference in bodyweight between the TRE group and the control group (-0·8 kg, 95% CI -1·7 to 0·2; p=0·099). Being in the TRE group was not associated with a lower bodyweight compared with the control group after subsequent 3-month follow-up (-0·2 kg, -1·6 to 1·2). In the per-protocol analysis, participants who completed the intervention in the TRE group lost 1·0 kg (-1·9 to -0·0; p=0·040) bodyweight compared with the control group after 3 months of intervention, which was not maintained after the 3-month follow-up period (-0·4 kg, -1·8 to 1·0). During the trial and follow-up period, one participant in the TRE group reported a severe adverse event: development of a subcutaneous nodule and pain when the arm was in use. This side-effect was evaluated to be related to the trial procedures. INTERPRETATION 3 months of 10-h per-day TRE did not lead to clinically relevant effects on bodyweight in middle-aged to older individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. FUNDING Novo Nordisk Foundation, Aalborg University, Helsefonden, and Innovation Fund Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Salling Quist
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Hanne Enghoff Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; iMotions, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Møller Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Natasja Bjerre
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Uldal
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Erik Nyeland
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit Eika Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Christina Brock
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Northern Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark
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Ameur R, Maaloul R, Tagougui S, Neffati F, Hadj Kacem F, Najjar MF, Ammar A, Hammouda O. Unlocking the power of synergy: High-intensity functional training and early time-restricted eating for transformative changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health in inactive women with obesity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301369. [PMID: 38691521 PMCID: PMC11062533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of time-restricted eating (TRE), with or without high intensity functional training (HIFT), on body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers among inactive women with obesity. METHODS Sixty-four women (BMI = 35.03 ± 3.8 kg/m2; age = 32.1 ± 10 years) were randomly allocated to either: (1) TRE (≤8-h daily eating window, with ad libitum energy intake) group; (2) HIFT (3 sessions/week) group; or (3) TRE combined with HIFT (TRE-HIFT) group. The interventions lasted 12 weeks with a pre-post measurement design. A HIFT session consists of 8 sets of multiple functional exercises with self-selected intensity (20 or 30s work/10s rest). RESULTS TRE-HIFT showed a greater decrease of waist and hip circumferences and fat mass compared to TRE (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p<0.01; respectively) and HIFT (p = 0.012, p = 0.028 and p<0.001; respectively). Weight and BMI decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to HIFT group (p<0.001; for both). Fat-free mass was lower in TRE compared to both HIFT and TRE-HIFT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to both TRE (p<0.001, p<0.01, p = 0.015 and p<0.01; respectively) and HIFT (p<0.001, p = 0.02, p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively) groups. Glucose level decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to HIFT (p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both TRE-HIFT and HIFT groups compared to TRE group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02; respectively). CONCLUSION In inactive women with obesity, combining TRE with HIFT can be a good strategy to induce superior effects on body composition, lipid profile and glucose regulation compared with either diet or exercise intervention alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Number: PACTR202301674821174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Ameur
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rami Maaloul
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sémah Tagougui
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte, d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Multidisciplinary Research Unit, “Sport, Health and Society”, Lille, France
| | - Fadoua Neffati
- Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faten Hadj Kacem
- Endocrinology Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Achraf Ammar
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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21
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Zhang L, Dai S, Chen Y, Jin T, Li W, Wang W, Pu J, Jia P, Zhao L, Sun X. Scoping review of obesity interventions: Research frontiers and publication status. iScience 2024; 27:109240. [PMID: 38495822 PMCID: PMC10940913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are significant global health issues, and numerous obesity intervention studies have been conducted. Summarizing current knowledge of interventions aims to inform researchers and policymakers to keep up-to-date with the latest scientific advancements and trends. In this review, we comprehensively retrieved and screened 4,541 studies on obesity intervention published between 2018 and 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection, and objectively presented research frontiers using bibliometric analysis. The research frontiers of intervention are mainly focused on dietary, exercise, pharmacological interventions, bariatric surgery, environmental, and cognitive interventions. Time-restricted eating is the hottest research topic, followed by probiotics and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Gut microbiota is located in the "Basic and transversal themes" quadrant with a high centrality and low density, which has great development potentiality. Obesity intervention is becoming increasingly common,and we advocate for researchers to undertake more focused research endeavors that consider the specific characteristics of diverse populations or patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Discipline Construction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Discipline Construction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Pu
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Chen M, Liu M, Pu Y, Wu J, Zhang M, Tang H, Kong L, Guo M, Zhu K, Xie Y, Li Z, Deng B, Xiong Z. The effect of health quotient and time management skills on self-management behavior and glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1295531. [PMID: 38633228 PMCID: PMC11021650 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1295531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the present status of self-management behavior and glycemic control in individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D), as well as to examine the impact of health quotient (HQ) and time management skills on both self-management behavior and glycemic control. Methods Between October 2022 and March 2023, a purposive sampling method had been utilized to select 215 participants with type T2D. The survey concluded a general information questionnaire, an HQ scale, a diabetes time management questionnaire and a self-management behavior questionnaire. The health quotient(HQ)encompasses the individuals' knowledge, attitude toward health, and the ability to maintain their own well-being. The diabetes time management questionnaire was reverse-scored, with higher scores indicating an enhanced competence in time management. The path among variables was analyzed using structural equation modeling(SEM). Results SEM showed that the direct effect of HQ on time management was -0.566 (p < 0.05), the direct effect of time management on the effect of self-management was -0.617 (p < 0.05), the direct effect of HQ on self-management was 0.156, and the indirect effect was 0.349 (p < 0.05); the relationship between health quotient and self-management was partially mediated by time management, with a mediating effect size of 68.8%. In addition, self-management had a direct effect on HbAlc, with a size of -0.394 (p < 0.05); The impacts of both HQ and time management on HbAlc were found to be mediated by self-management, with HQ demonstrating an indirect effect of -0.199 (p < 0.05) and time management showing an indirect effect of 0.244 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Health quotient and time management in patients with T2D serve as catalysts for self-management behavior. They affect HbAlc level indirectly through self-management practices. The suggestion is to prioritize the cultivation of rational time organization and management skills in T2D patients, as well as enhance their health quotient level. This can facilitate a more effective improvement in patients' self-management behaviors, ultimately achieving the objective of maintaining optimal glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chen
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Man Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Pu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjiao Zhang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxia Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Laixi Kong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoting Guo
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxiu Xie
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Deng
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiong
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Strilbytska O, Klishch S, Storey KB, Koliada A, Lushchak O. Intermittent fasting and longevity: From animal models to implication for humans. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102274. [PMID: 38499159 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) and its numerous modifications have been increasingly suggested as a promising therapy for age-related problems and a non-pharmacological strategy to extend lifespan. Despite the great variability in feeding schedules that we describe in the current work, underlying physiological processes are the same and include a periodic switch from glucose metabolism (generated by glycogenolysis) to fatty acids and fatty acid-derived ketones. Many of the beneficial effects of IF appear to be mediated by optimization of energy utilization. Findings to date from both human and animal experiments indicate that fasting improves physiological function, enhances performance, and slows aging and disease processes. In this review, we discuss some of the remarkable discoveries about the beneficial effects of IF on metabolism, endocrine and cardiovascular systems, cancer prevention, brain health, neurodegeneration and aging. Experimental studies on rodent models and human investigations are summarized to compare the outcomes and underlying mechanisms of IF. Metabolic and cellular responses triggered by IF could help to achieve the aim of preventing disease, and maximizing healthspan and longevity with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Strilbytska
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Klishch
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ontario, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Alexander Koliada
- D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, 67 Vyshgorodska str., Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Deparment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenka 57, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Luna-Marco C, Perea-Galera L, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Victor VM. Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:325-337. [PMID: 37993559 PMCID: PMC10943166 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4 weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and 18 studies (n = 1169 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TRE had no significant effect on fasting glucose (Hedges's g = -0.08; 95% CI:-0.31,0.16; p = 0.52), but it did reduce HbA1c levels (Hedges's g = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06; p = 0.01). TRE significantly reduced fasting insulin (Hedges's g = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73,-0.08; p = 0.01) and showed a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR (Hedges's g = -0.32; 95% CI:-0.66,0.02; p = 0.06). Interestingly, a cumulative analysis showed that the beneficial effects of TRE regarding glucose levels were less apparent as studies with later TRE windows (lTRE) were being included. Indeed, a subgroup analysis of the early TRE (eTRE) studies revealed that fasting glucose was significantly reduced by eTRE (Hedges's g = -0.38; 95% CI:-0.62, -0.14; p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis suggests that TRE can reduce HbA1c and insulin levels, and that timing of food intake is a crucial factor in the metabolic benefit of TRE, as only eTRE is capable of reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023405946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Perea-Galera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Ezzati A, McLaren C, Bohlman C, Tamargo JA, Lin Y, Anton SD. Does time-restricted eating add benefits to calorie restriction? A systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:640-654. [PMID: 38383703 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence has supported the health benefits of extended daily fasting, known as time-restricted eating (TRE); however, whether the addition of TRE enhances the known benefits of calorie restriction (CR) remains unclear. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through April 2023. This systematic review includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CR + TRE with CR alone in energy-matched conditions of at least 8 weeks in duration that assessed changes in body weight and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity. RESULTS Seven studies were identified (n = 579). Two studies reported greater weight loss and reductions in diastolic blood pressure with CR + TRE compared with CR alone after 8 to 14 weeks, whereas one study reported greater improvements in triglycerides and glucose tolerance with CR + TRE (3 days/week) compared with CR alone following 26 weeks. One study reported significant increases in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels with CR + TRE versus CR alone after 8 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in any other outcome variable between the two interventions. CONCLUSIONS The addition of TRE to CR regimens resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in some studies; however, the majority of studies did not find additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Christian McLaren
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carly Bohlman
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Javier A Tamargo
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Sun ML, Yao W, Wang XY, Gao S, Varady KA, Forslund SK, Zhang M, Shi ZY, Cao F, Zou BJ, Sun MH, Liu KX, Bao Q, Xu J, Qin X, Xiao Q, Wu L, Zhao YH, Zhang DY, Wu QJ, Gong TT. Intermittent fasting and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 70:102519. [PMID: 38500840 PMCID: PMC10945168 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Benefits of Intermittent fasting (IF) on health-related outcomes have been found in a range of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Our umbrella review aimed to systematically analyze and synthesize the available causal evidence on IF and its impact on specific health-related outcomes while evaluating its evidence quality. Methods We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases (from inception up to 8 January 2024) to identify related systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs investigating the association between IF and human health outcomes. We recalculated the effect sizes for each meta-analysis as mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed for populations based on three specific status: diabetes, overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The quality of systematic reviews was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023382004). Findings A total of 351 associations from 23 meta-analyses with 34 health outcomes were included in the study. A wide range of outcomes were investigated, including anthropometric measures (n = 155), lipid profiles (n = 83), glycemic profiles (n = 57), circulatory system index (n = 41), appetite (n = 9), and others (n = 6). Twenty-one (91%) meta-analyses with 346 associations were rated as high confidence according to the AMSTAR criteria. The summary effects estimates were significant at p < 0.05 in 103 associations, of which 10 (10%) were supported by high certainty of evidence according to GRADE. Specifically, compared with non-intervention diet in adults with overweight or obesity, IF reduced waist circumference (WC) (MD = -1.02 cm; 95% CI: -1.99 to -0.06; p = 0.038), fat mass (MD = -0.72 kg; 95% CI: -1.32 to -0.12; p = 0.019), fasting insulin (SMD = -0.21; 95% CI: -0.40 to -0.02; p = 0.030), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD = -0.20; 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.02; p = 0.027), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; p = 0.003), and triacylglycerols (TG) (SMD = -0.23; 95% CI: -0.39 to -0.06; p = 0.007), but increased fat free mass (FFM) (MD = 0.98 kg; 95% CI: 0.18-1.78; p = 0.016). Of note, compared with the non-intervention diet, modified alternate-day fasting (MADF) reduced fat mass (MD = -0.70 kg; 95% CI: -1.38 to -0.02; p = 0.044). In people with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes, IF increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to continuous energy restriction (CER) (MD = 0.03 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05; p = 0.010). However, IF was less effective at reducing systolic blood pressure (SBP) than a CER diet in adults with overweight or obesity (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.36; p = 0.008). Interpretation Our findings suggest that IF may have beneficial effects on a range of health outcomes for adults with overweight or obesity, compared to CER or non-intervention diet. Specifically, IF may decreased WC, fat mass, LDL-C, TG, TC, fasting insulin, and SBP, while increasing HDL-C and FFM. Notably, it is worth noting that the SBP lowering effect of IF appears to be weaker than that of CER. Funding This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Q-JW), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Q-JW and T-TG), Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (Q-JW), and 345 Talent Project of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (T-TG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zan-Yu Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing-Jie Zou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke-Xin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lang Wu
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Peters B, Vahlhaus J, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359772. [PMID: 38586455 PMCID: PMC10995378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between the endogenous circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such as delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of the internal circadian clock and is associated with an increased risk for obesity and associated metabolic disturbances such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal timing aligned with cellular rhythms can optimize the performance of tissues and organs. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic effects of meal timing and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore factors influencing meal timing, including internal determinants such as chronotype and genetics, as well as external influences like social factors, cultural aspects, and work schedules. This review could contribute to defining meal-timing-based recommendations for public health initiatives and developing guidelines for effective lifestyle modifications targeting the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on crucial factors that must be considered in the design of future food timing intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Peters
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Janna Vahlhaus
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Garrido-Miguel M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Díaz-Goñi V, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Meseguer-Henarejos AB, Torres-Costoso A. Time-Restricted Eating and Bone Health: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:876. [PMID: 38542787 PMCID: PMC10974430 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - María José Guzmán-Pavón
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
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29
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Yao K, Su H, Cui K, Gao Y, Xu D, Wang Q, Ha Z, Zhang T, Chen S, Liu T. Effectiveness of an intermittent fasting diet versus regular diet on fat loss in overweight and obese middle-aged and elderly people without metabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100165. [PMID: 38308923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the number of adults aged over 40 with obesity increases dramatically, intermittent fasting interventions (IF) may help them to lose fat and weight. This systematic review investigated the most recent research on the effects of intermittent fasting and a regular diet on body composition and lipids in adults aged over 40 with obesity without the metabolic disease. DATA SOURCES Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on IF on adults aged over 40 with obesity were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP database, Wanfang database with the experimental group using IF and the control group using a regular diet. Revman was used for meta-analysis. Effect sizes are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). STUDY SELECTION A total of 9 articles of randomised controlled trials that met the requirements were screened for inclusion. Studies typically lasted 2-6 weeks. The experimental population was aged 42-66 years, with a BMI range of 25.7-35 kg/m2. SYNTHESIS A total of 9 RCTs were included. meta-analysis showed that body weight (MD: -2.05 kg; 95% CI (-3.84, -0.27); p = 0.02), BMI (MD: -0.73 kg/m2; 95% CI (-1.05, -0.41); p < 0.001), fat mass (MD: -2.14 kg; 95% CI (-3.81, 0.47); p = 0.01), and TG (MD = -0.32 mmol/L, 95% CI (-0.50, -0.15, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. No significant reduction in lean body mass (MD: -0.31 kg; 95% CI (-0.96, 0.34); p = 0.35). CONCLUSION IF had a reduction in body weight, BMI, fat mass, and TG in adults aged over 40 with obesity without metabolic disease compared to RD, and IF did not cause a significant decrease in lean body mass, which suggests healthy and effective fat loss. However, more long-term and high-quality trials are needed to reach definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yao
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Su
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kaiyin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitong Ha
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China; The School of Sports Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Psara E, Voulgaridou G, Pavlidou E, Androutsos O, Giaginis C. Chrononutrition in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:722. [PMID: 38474850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF) promotes daily periods of feeding and fasting to determine whole-body physiology. Chronic misalignment of circadian rhythms or chrono-disruption is related to an increased risk of diverse metabolic disorders. The progression of non-communicable diseases seems to be affected by the timing of meals. As a result, intermittent fasting is a promising approach for their management. The aim of the present literature review is to examine and scrutinize the TRE protocols in the fields of prevention and management of metabolic disorders. METHODS This is a thorough literature review of the reported associations among circadian rhythm, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, TRE, TRF, dietary habits, circadian disruption, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver to find the already existing clinical studies from the last decade (2014-2024) in the most precise scientific online databases, using relevant specific keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to scrutinize only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical human studies. RESULTS The currently available clinical findings remain scarce and suggest that chrononutrition behaviors such as TRE or TRF may promote several metabolic benefits, mainly in body weight control and fat loss. Improvements in glucose levels and lipid profiles are currently quite controversial since some clinical studies show little or no effect. As far as liver diseases are concerned, the efficacy of intermittent fasting seems to be stronger in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to body weight decline and fat loss. CONCLUSIONS Even if there has been a gradual increase in clinical studies in the last few years, providing promising perspectives, currently, there is no conclusive evidence for the role of chrononutrition in metabolic disorders. Future studies should be well-designed with longer duration and larger sample sizes. Moreover, it is important to examine the best timing of the eating window and its feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
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Raza GS, Kaya Y, Stenbäck V, Sharma R, Sodum N, Mutt SJ, Gagnon DD, Tulppo M, Järvelin MR, Herzig KH, Mäkelä KA. Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Markers and Circadian Rhythm in Mice Fed with the High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300465. [PMID: 38389173 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Diet and exercise are significant players in obesity and metabolic diseases. Time-restricted feeding (tRF) has been shown to improve metabolic responses by regulating circadian clocks but whether it acts synergically with exercise remains unknown. It is hypothesized that forced exercise alone or combined with tRF alleviates obesity and its metabolic complications. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57bl6 mice are fed with high-fat or a control diet for 12 weeks either ad libitum or tRF for 10 h during their active period. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice are divided into exercise (treadmill for 1 h at 12 m min-1 alternate days for 9 weeks and 16 m min-1 daily for the following 3 weeks) and non-exercise groups. tRF and tRF-Ex significantly decreased body weight, food intake, and plasma lipids, and improved glucose tolerance. However, exercise reduced only body weight and plasma lipids. tRF and tRF-Ex significantly downregulated Fasn, Hmgcr, and Srebp1c, while exercise only Hmgcr. HFD feeding disrupted clock genes, but exercise, tRF, and tRF-Ex coordinated the circadian clock genes Bmal1, Per2, and Rev-Erbα in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. CONCLUSION HFD feeding disrupted clock genes in the peripheral organs while exercise, tRF, and their combination restored clock genes and improved metabolic consequences induced by high-fat diet feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Yağmur Kaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, 34406, Turkey
| | - Ville Stenbäck
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Ravikant Sharma
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Nalini Sodum
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden
| | - Dominique D Gagnon
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki Mäkelänkatu, Helsinki, 00550, Finland
| | - Mikko Tulppo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Institute, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 60-572, Poland
| | - Kari A Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, Oulu, 90220, Finland
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32
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Cheng W, Meng X, Gao J, Jiang W, Sun X, Li Y, Han T, Zhang D, Wei W. Relationship between circadian eating behavior (daily eating frequency and nighttime fasting duration) and cardiovascular mortality. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38409117 PMCID: PMC10895826 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge regarding the health impacts of daily eating frequency (DEF) and nighttime fasting duration (NFD) on mortality is very limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether DEF and NFD are associated with CVD and all-cause mortality. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample from the United States, including 30,464 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2014. Using 24-h dietary recall, DEF was assessed by the number of eating episodes, and NFD was calculated by the first and last eating time across a day. Death information was obtained from the National Death Index up to 2019. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess survival relationships of DEF and NFD with mortality. RESULTS During 307,686 person-years of follow-up, 4560 deaths occurred, including 1824 CVD cases. After adjustment for confounders, compared to DEF at 4-6 times, participants whose DEF was less than 3 times had greater CVD [hazard-ratio (HR) = 1.33, 95% confidence-interval (CI): 1.06-1.67] and all-cause (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33) mortality risks. Furthermore, compared to NFD of 10 to 11 h, participants whose NFD was shorter than 10 h had HRs of 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08-1.55) for CVD mortality and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.08-1.39) for all-cause mortality. NFD longer than 14 h was also related to CVD mortality (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.12-1.67) and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.19-1.54). Similar results for the association of NFD and DEF with heart-specific and stroke-specific mortality were observed. CONCLUSION This study found that DEF less than 3 times and NFD shorter than 10 h or longer than 14 h were independently associated with greater cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xing Meng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, the National Key Discipline, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Chang Y, Du T, Zhuang X, Ma G. Time-restricted eating improves health because of energy deficit and circadian rhythm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109000. [PMID: 38357669 PMCID: PMC10865403 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is an effective way to lose weight and improve metabolic health in animals. Yet whether and how these benefits apply to humans is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of TRE in people with overweight and obesity statuses. The results showed that TRE led to modest weight loss, lower waist circumference and energy deficits. TRE also improved body mass index, fat mass, lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, fasting insulin levels, and HbA1c%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated more health improvements in the TRE group than the control group under the ad libitum intake condition than in the energy-prescribed condition. Eating time-of-day advantages were only seen when there was considerable energy reduction in the TRE group than the control group (ad libitum condition), implying that the benefits of TRE were primarily due to energy deficit, followed by alignment with eating time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Zhuang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Guojie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
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Ezpeleta M, Cienfuegos S, Lin S, Pavlou V, Gabel K, Tussing-Humphreys L, Varady KA. Time-restricted eating: Watching the clock to treat obesity. Cell Metab 2024; 36:301-314. [PMID: 38176412 PMCID: PMC11221496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has become a popular strategy to treat obesity. TRE involves confining the eating window to 4-10 h per day and fasting for the remaining hours (14-20 h fast). During the eating window, individuals are not required to monitor food intake. The sudden rise in popularity of TRE is most likely due to its simplicity and the fact that it does not require individuals to count calories to lose weight. This feature of TRE may appeal to certain individuals with obesity, and this could help produce lasting metabolic health improvements. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence from randomized clinical trials of TRE (without calorie counting) on body weight and metabolic risk factors. The efficacy of TRE in various populations groups, including those with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ezpeleta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pavlou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Williams AS, Crown SB, Lyons SP, Koves TR, Wilson RJ, Johnson JM, Slentz DH, Kelly DP, Grimsrud PA, Zhang GF, Muoio DM. Ketone flux through BDH1 supports metabolic remodeling of skeletal and cardiac muscles in response to intermittent time-restricted feeding. Cell Metab 2024; 36:422-437.e8. [PMID: 38325337 PMCID: PMC10961007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has gained attention as a dietary regimen that promotes metabolic health. This study questioned if the health benefits of an intermittent TRF (iTRF) schedule require ketone flux specifically in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Notably, we found that the ketolytic enzyme beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1) is uniquely enriched in isolated mitochondria derived from heart and red/oxidative skeletal muscles, which also have high capacity for fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Using mice with BDH1 deficiency in striated muscles, we discover that this enzyme optimizes FAO efficiency and exercise tolerance during acute fasting. Additionally, iTRF leads to robust molecular remodeling of muscle tissues, and muscle BDH1 flux does indeed play an essential role in conferring the full adaptive benefits of this regimen, including increased lean mass, mitochondrial hormesis, and metabolic rerouting of pyruvate. In sum, ketone flux enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics and supports iTRF-induced remodeling of skeletal muscle and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Williams
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott B Crown
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Scott P Lyons
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jordan M Johnson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Dorothy H Slentz
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Chavanne A, Jacobi D. Precision medicine in endocrinology: Unraveling metabolic health through time-restricted eating. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:63-69. [PMID: 38101564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As a promising avenue in nutrition, intermittent fasting, particularly time-restricted eating like the 8/16 protocol, requires careful individualization. This approach involves voluntary food restriction interspersed with normal eating, aiming to align with inner circadian rhythms for potential benefits in metabolism and weight management. Endocrinologists, responding to patient interest and backed by evidence-based medicine, can now delve into the intricacies of time-restricted eating. They consider each patient's unique medical history and expectations, integrating this approach into tailored treatment plans in a personalized medicine approach. Ongoing research is essential to deepen our comprehension of how time-restricted eating influences metabolic health, enabling the development of precise recommendations suitable for diverse populations and various clinical conditions. While time-restricted eating is a relevant metabolic approach, endocrinologists should exercise caution to prevent the promotion of eating disorders due to its restrictive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane Chavanne
- CHU de Nantes, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - David Jacobi
- Institut de recherche en santé de Nantes Université, 8, quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France.
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Billingsley HE. The effect of time of eating on cardiometabolic risk in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3633. [PMID: 36914410 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Continuous energy restriction is currently considered the first-line dietary therapy for weight loss in individuals with obesity. Recently, interventions which alter the eating window and time of eating occasions have been explored as means to achieve weight loss and other cardiometabolic improvements such as a reduction in blood pressure, glycaemia, lipids and inflammation. It is unknown, however, whether these changes result from unintentional energy restriction or from other mechanisms such as the alignment of nutrient intake with the internal circadian clock. Even less is known regarding the safety and efficacy of these interventions in individuals with established chronic noncommunicable disease states, such as cardiovascular disease. This review examines the effects of interventions which alter both eating window and time of eating occasions on weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors in both healthy participants and those with established cardiovascular disease. We then summarise the state of existing knowledge and explore future directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Billingsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Zaman A, Grau L, Jeffers R, Steinke S, Catenacci VA, Cornier M, Rynders CA, Thomas EA. The effects of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction compared to daily caloric restriction alone on continuous glucose levels. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e702. [PMID: 38264001 PMCID: PMC10804344 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.75 h, spread throughout the period of wakefulness and ending before sleep. Food intake at an inappropriate circadian time may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that time restricted eating (TRE) may improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim was to compare 24-h glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity in participants after completing 12 weeks of a behavioral weight loss intervention based on early TRE plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) or DCR alone. Methods Eighty-one adults with overweight or obesity (age 18-50 years, BMI 25-45 kg/m2) were randomized to either E-TRE+DCR or DCR alone. Each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for 7 days and insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at Baseline and Week 12. Changes in CGM-derived measures and HOMA-IR from Baseline to Week 12 were assessed within and between groups using random intercept mixed models. Results Forty-four participants had valid CGM data at both time points, while 38 had valid glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) data at both timepoints. There were no significant differences in sex, age, BMI, or the percentage of participants with prediabetes between the groups (28% female, age 39.2 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.8 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 16% with prediabetes). After adjusting for weight, there were no between-group differences in changes in overall average sensor glucose, standard deviation of glucose levels, the coefficient of variation of glucose levels, daytime or nighttime average sensor glucose, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or A1c. However, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions changed differently over time between the two groups, with a greater reduction found in the DCR as compared to E-TRE+DCR (p = 0.03). Conclusion There were no major differences between E-TRE+DCR and DCR groups in continuous glucose profiles or insulin sensitivity 12 weeks after the intervention. Because the study sample included participants with normal baseline mean glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity, the ability to detect changes in these outcomes may have been limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnin Zaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laura Grau
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rebecca Jeffers
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Sheila Steinke
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Marc‐Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Corey A. Rynders
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
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Mirrazavi ZS, Behrouz V. Various types of fasting diet and possible benefits in nonalcoholic fatty liver: Mechanism of actions and literature update. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:519-533. [PMID: 38219703 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major causes of chronic liver injury, affecting around one-fourth of the general population across the world. Several important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD include oxidative stress, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and apoptosis. Currently, therapeutic approaches are not ideal for managing NAFLD, thus new approaches and treatments are still needed. Over the last two decades, various fasting protocols have been explored to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide updated literature that supports fasting regimens for subjects with NAFLD and describes underlying mechanisms of action. We suggest that fasting regimens may modulate NAFLD via several mechanisms, including changes in gut microbiota, hepatic arginase, hepatic autophagy, inflammatory responses, liver functional enzymes and hepatic steatosis, fibroblast growth factors signaling, white adipose tissue browning, adipokines, circadian rhythms, lipid profiles, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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40
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Xiaoyu W, Yuxin X, Li L. The effects of different intermittent fasting regimens in people with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325894. [PMID: 38332802 PMCID: PMC10850351 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of four intermittent fasting regimens on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods Randomized controlled trials of intermittent fasting in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP Database, and WANFANG Database were searched for from the library to September 2023. 2 review authors independently screened studies and extracted data. RevMan 5.4 was used for direct comparison of meta-results. Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata16 software. Results 13 studies with a total of 867 patients were included. The intervention effects of twice-per-week fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, and peridic fasting were better than that of conventional diet. The results of the network comparison showed that there was no significant difference in the intervention effect of the intermittent fasting regimens. SUCRA ranking results showed that the twice-per-week fasting was best for comprehensive interventions for improvement. Conclusion From the perspective of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance, the twice-per-week fasting intervention has a good effect, which can be used as a reference for patients with inter-type 2 diabetes to choose intermittent fasting regimen. However, more clinical trials are needed to verify this at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lai Li
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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41
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Cheung K, Chan V, Chan S, Wong MMH, Chung GKK, Cheng WY, Lo K, Zeng F. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:357. [PMID: 38337642 PMCID: PMC10857210 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of intermittent fasting (IF), as an emerging weight management strategy, in improving cardiometabolic health has been evaluated in various populations, but that among Chinese individuals has not been systematically studied. A comprehensive search on multiple databases was performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to October 2022. The primary outcome was post-intervention weight loss, and secondary outcomes included changes in cardiometabolic indicators. Effect estimates were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. In total, nine RCTs with 899 Chinese participants were included. Time-restricted eating was the most adopted IF protocol in this study (six out of nine), followed by alternate-day fasting. The IF intervention significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with control groups. However, no statistically significant reductions in waist circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were found. To sum up, IF can be a weight management strategy and may improve the cardiometabolic health of Chinese adults, but more long-term trials using different IF strategies are required to generate robust evidence of its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Cheung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China (G.K.-K.C.)
| | - Vicky Chan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China; (V.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Stephanie Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China (G.K.-K.C.)
| | - Martin Ming Him Wong
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China (G.K.-K.C.)
| | - Wai-Yin Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China; (V.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China; (V.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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James DL, Hawley NA, Mohr AE, Hermer J, Ofori E, Yu F, Sears DD. Impact of Intermittent Fasting and/or Caloric Restriction on Aging-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 38276554 PMCID: PMC10820472 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR) are dietary strategies to prevent and attenuate obesity associated with conditions and aging-related outcomes. This scoping review examined the cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcome differences between IF and CR interventions among adults. We applied a systematic approach to scope published randomized controlled trials (databases: PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception through August 2023. The initial search provided 389 unique articles which were critically appraised. Thirty articles met the eligibility criteria for inclusion: 12 were IF, 10 were CR, and 8 were combined IF and CR interventions. IF and CR were associated with weight loss; however, IF studies tended to report greater adherence compared with CR. Overall, IF and CR were equivalently effective across cardiometabolic, cancer, and neurocognitive outcomes. Our findings suggest that IF has health benefits in a variety of conditions and may be better accepted and tolerated than CR, but more comparative research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara L. James
- Edson College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Nanako A. Hawley
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA;
| | - Alex E. Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (A.E.M.); (E.O.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Janice Hermer
- Arizona State University Library, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Edward Ofori
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (A.E.M.); (E.O.); (D.D.S.)
| | - Fang Yu
- Edson College of Nursing and Healthcare Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (A.E.M.); (E.O.); (D.D.S.)
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Ye YC, Chai SF, Li XR, Wu MN, Cai HY, Wang ZJ. Intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease-Targeting ketone bodies as a potential strategy for brain energy rescue. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:129-146. [PMID: 37823968 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks effective clinical treatments. As the disease progresses, the cerebral glucose hypometabolism that appears in the preclinical phase of AD gradually worsens, leading to increasingly severe brain energy disorders. This review analyzes the brain energy deficit in AD and its etiology, brain energy rescue strategies based on ketone intervention, the effects and mechanisms of IF, the differences in efficacy between IF and ketogenic diet and the duality of IF. The evidence suggests that brain energy deficits lead to the development and progression of AD pathology. IF, which improves brain energy impairments by promoting ketone metabolism, thus has good therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu- Cai Ye
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fan Chai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Turner L, Charrouf R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Hutchison A, Heilbronn LK, Fernández-Rodríguez R. The effects of time-restricted eating versus habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:206-220. [PMID: 37865184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) may facilitate weight loss, but its impact on inflammation remains unclear. Chronic inflammation can detrimentally increase risk of obesity-associated comorbidities. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and determine the effects of TRE on cytokine and adipokines (C-reactive protein [CRP], TNF alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], leptin, and adiponectin) in adults. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs to determine the effects of TRE on cytokines and adipokines in adults up to 23 June, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using risk of Bias 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with the DerSimonian-Laird method through random-effect models. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. RESULTS A total of 25 studies (13 RCTs, 12 non-RCTs) involving 936 participants were included. The pooled SMD for the effect of TRE compared with the control group on cytokines and adipokines was -0.11 (95% CI: -0.33, 0.12; I2 = 19.7%; n = 10 comparisons) for CRP; -0.25 (95% CI: -0.47, -0.03; I2 = 0%; n = 11 comparisons) for TNF-α; -0.09 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.21; I2 = 16.4%; n = 8 comparisons) for IL-6; -0.81 (95% CI: -1.37, -0.24; I2 = 65.3%; n = 5 comparisons) for leptin; and 0.07 (95% CI: -0.40, 0.54; I2 = 56.9%; n = 6 comparisons) for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Time-restricted eating may be an effective approach to reduce TNF-α and leptin levels in the general adult population. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022358162.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rasha Charrouf
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Amy Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia; Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Cuenca, Spain
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Jiang Y, Tang Z, Zhu X, Xiao B, Tian H, Lei X, Peng H, Qin J, Zhang Y, Hoffman RM, Hu X, Chen Q, Ji G, Jia L. Non-invasive omics analysis delineates molecular changes in water-only fasting and its sex-discriminating features in metabolic syndrome patients. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e393. [PMID: 37929015 PMCID: PMC10622739 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting has been grown in popularity with multiple potential benefits. However, very few studies dynamically monitor physiological and pathological changes during long-term fasting using noninvasive methods. In the present study, we recruited 37 individuals with metabolic syndrome to engage in a 5-day water-only fasting regimen, and simultaneously captured the molecular alterations through urinary proteomics and metabolomics. Our findings reveal that water-only fasting significantly mitigated metabolic syndrome-related risk markers, such as body weight, body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in metabolic syndrome patients. Indicators of liver and renal function remained within the normal range, with the exception of uric acid. Notably, inflammatory response was inhibited during the water-only fasting period, as evidenced by a decrease in the human monocyte differentiation antigen CD14. Intriguingly, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation underwent a sex-dependent reprogramming throughout the fasting period, whereby males exhibited a greater upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes than females. This disparity may be attributed to evolutionary pressures. Collectively, our study sheds light on the beneficial physiological effects and novel dynamic molecular features associated with fasting in individuals with metabolic syndrome using noninvasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Jiang
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhimei Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineSichuanChina
| | - Xiaogang Zhu
- Dujiangyan Diabetes HospitalSichuanChina
- Dujiangyan Diabetes Rongxin Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSichuanChina
| | - Biying Xiao
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hechuan Tian
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xingxing Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineSichuanChina
| | - Huan Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineSichuanChina
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHuadong HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Dujiangyan Diabetes HospitalSichuanChina
- Dujiangyan Diabetes Rongxin Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSichuanChina
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineSichuanChina
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive DiseasesLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer InstituteLonghua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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Zeng X, Xie S, Jiang F, Li X, Li M, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Rao S, Mo Y, Zhang H, Ye S, Liu M, Li H, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Wang D, Yang W. Association between time-restricted eating and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a nationwide cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1787-1794. [PMID: 36971368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The association between time-restricted eating (TRE) and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is less studied. Moreover, whether the association is independent of physical exercise or diet quality or quantity is uncertain. In this nationwide cross-sectional study of 3813 participants, the timing of food intakes was recorded by 24-h recalls; NAFLD was defined through vibration-controlled transient elastography in the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease. OR and 95 % CI were estimated using logistic regression. Participants with daily eating window of ≤ 8 h had lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0·70, 95 % CI: 0·52, 0·93), compared with those with ≥ 10 h window. Early (05.00-15.00) and late TRE (11.00-21.00) showed inverse associations with NAFLD prevalence without statistical heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity = 0·649) with OR of 0·73 (95 % CI: 0·36, 1·47) and 0·61 (95 % CI: 0·44, 0·84), respectively. Such inverse association seemed stronger in participants with lower energy intake (OR = 0·58, 95 % CI: 0·38, 0·89, Pinteraction = 0·020). There are no statistical differences in the TRE-NAFLD associations according to physical activity (Pinteraction = 0·390) or diet quality (Pinteraction = 0·110). TRE might be associated with lower likelihood of NAFLD. Such inverse association is independent of physical activity and diet quality and appears stronger in individuals consuming lower energy. Given the potential misclassification of TRE based on one- or two-day recall in the analysis, epidemiological studies with validated methods for measuring the habitual timing of dietary intake are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Xie
- Department of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lu'an, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiude Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Songxian Rao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Mo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowei Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Wang
- Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Mirmira RG, Kulkarni RN, Xu P, Drossos T, Varady K, Knutson KL, Reutrakul S, Martyn-Nemeth P, Sargis RM, Wallia A, Tuchman AM, Weissberg-Benchell J, Danielson KK, Oakes SA, Thomas CC, Layden BT, May SC, Burbea Hoffmann M, Gatta E, Solway J, Philipson LH. Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19 th Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e263. [PMID: 38229904 PMCID: PMC10790105 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium's 19th annual symposium, "Stress and Human Health: Diabetes," in November 2022. There, researchers primarily from the Chicago area met to explore how different sources of stress - from the cells to the community - impact diabetes outcomes. Presenters discussed the consequences of stress arising from mutant proteins, obesity, sleep disturbances, environmental pollutants, COVID-19, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. This symposium showcased the latest diabetes research and highlighted promising new treatment approaches for mitigating stress in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tina Drossos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen L. Knutson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Martyn-Nemeth
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amisha Wallia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirstie K. Danielson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste C. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H. Philipson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ma YN, Jiang X, Tang W, Song P. Influence of intermittent fasting on autophagy in the liver. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:335-355. [PMID: 37661370 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies have found that intermittent fasting (IF) can prevent diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and neuropathy, while in humans it has helped to alleviate metabolic syndrome, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and many other disorders. IF involves a series of coordinated metabolic and hormonal changes to maintain the organism's metabolic balance and cellular homeostasis. More importantly, IF can activate hepatic autophagy, which is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance, quality control, cell and tissue remodeling, and defense against extracellular damage and pathogens. IF affects hepatic autophagy through multiple interacting pathways and molecular mechanisms, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating-type information regulatory 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as well as signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms such as glucagon and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). These pathways can stimulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), play a cytoprotective role, downregulate the expression of aging-related molecules, and prevent the development of steatosis-associated liver tumors. By influencing the metabolism of energy and oxygen radicals as well as cellular stress response systems, IF protects hepatocytes from genetic and environmental factors. By activating hepatic autophagy, IF has a potential role in treating a variety of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A better understanding of the effects of IF on liver autophagy may lead to new approaches for the prevention and treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- International Health Care Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peipei Song
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Galiero R, Caturano A, Vetrano E, Monda M, Marfella R, Sardu C, Salvatore T, Rinaldi L, Sasso FC. Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utility and Limitations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3669-3689. [PMID: 38028995 PMCID: PMC10658811 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s390752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases in Western countries, and its incidence is constantly increasing. Epidemiological studies have shown that in the next 20 years. The number of subjects affected by T2DM will double. In recent years, owing to the development and improvement in methods for studying the genome, several authors have evaluated the association between monogenic or polygenic genetic alterations and the development of metabolic diseases and complications. In addition, sedentary lifestyle and socio-economic and pandemic factors have a great impact on the habits of the population and have significantly contributed to the increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders, obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, and liver steatosis. Moreover, patients with type 2 diabetes appear to respond to antihyperglycemic drugs. Only a minority of patients could be considered true non-responders. Thus, it appears clear that the main aim of precision medicine in T2DM is to identify patients who can benefit most from a specific drug class more than from the others. Precision medicine is a discipline that evaluates the applicability of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors to disease development. In particular, it evaluated whether these factors could affect the development of diseases and their complications, response to diet, lifestyle, and use of drugs. Thus, the objective is to find prevention models aimed at reducing the incidence of pathology and mortality and therapeutic personalized approaches, to obtain a greater probability of response and efficacy. This review aims to evaluate the applicability of precision medicine for T2DM, a healthcare burden in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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50
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Clayton DJ, Varley I, Papageorgiou M. Intermittent fasting and bone health: a bone of contention? Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1487-1499. [PMID: 36876592 PMCID: PMC10551474 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens (the 5:2 diet, alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted eating (TRE)/time-restricted feeding and bone health outcomes. Animal studies have utilised IF alongside other dietary practices known to elicit detrimental effects on bone health and/or in models mimicking specific conditions; thus, findings from these studies are difficult to apply to humans. While limited in scope, observational studies suggest a link between some IF practices (e.g. breakfast omission) and compromised bone health, although lack of control for confounding factors makes these data difficult to interpret. Interventional studies suggest that TRE regimens practised up to 6 months do not adversely affect bone outcomes and may even slightly protect against bone loss during modest weight loss (< 5 % of baseline body weight). Most studies on ADF have shown no adverse effects on bone outcomes, while no studies on the ‘5–2’ diet have reported bone outcomes. Available interventional studies are limited by their short duration, small and diverse population samples, assessment of total body bone mass exclusively (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and inadequate control of factors that may affect bone outcomes, making the interpretation of existing data challenging. Further research is required to better characterise bone responses to various IF approaches using well-controlled protocols of sufficient duration, adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes and designed to include clinically relevant bone assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Clayton
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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