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Sampedro-Piquero P, Buades-Sitjar F, Capilla A, Zancada-Menéndez C, González-Baeza A, Moreno-Fernández RD. Risky alcohol use during youth: Impact on emotion, cognitive networks, and resting-state EEG activity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110994. [PMID: 38514039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The identification of the risk factors of alcohol consumption in youths is crucial for early interventions focused on reducing harmful alcohol use. In our study, 82 college students (40 healthy control (CO group) and 42 with risky alcohol use (RAU group) determined by AUDIT questionnaire) between the ages of 18 and 25 years underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment covering emotional and cognitive functioning. Their resting-state activity was also recorded with an EEG for 10 min with their eyes open (EO) and 10 min with their eyes closed (EC) and analyzed using the Fitting Oscillations & One-Over-F (FOOOF) paradigm. After adjusting for sex, those in the RAU group had higher emotional dysregulation and impulsivity traits. The RAU girls presented more emotional regulation problems, such as dysregulation and negative urgency compared with the RAU boys. The RAU youths had significantly worse functioning in several cognitive domains, such as sustained attention, verbal memory, and executive functions. Cognitive network analysis revealed a different pattern of connections in each group showing that in the RAU group, the verbal memory domain had the highest connection with other cognitive functions. The EEG analyses did not reveal any significant differences between the CO and the RAU groups. However, we observed only in the EO condition that boys the from the RAU group displayed a higher theta/beta ratio than the RAU girls, whereas these differences were not observed within the CO group. Our findings highlight the need to explore more deeply the emotional, cognitive and brain changes underlying the RAU in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Buades-Sitjar
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - A Capilla
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - A González-Baeza
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Debenham J, Birrell L, Newton NC, Devine EK, Champion KE, Stapinski LA, Kershaw S, Arunogiri S, Teesson M, Stockings E. Co-design of digital public health substance use resources: A collaboration between young people and experts. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 38797528 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Substance use and mental illness remain critical issues for young Australians, however, engagement with evidence-based health resources is challenging among this age group. This study aimed to develop engaging, useful digital health resources, underpinned by neuroscience principles, to build awareness of the harms of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and concurrent alcohol and antidepressant use. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was adopted to co-design two evidence-based videos resources. The resources were co-designed with the Matilda Centre's Youth Advisory Board Centre's Youth Advisory Board through a series focus groups and individual feedback reviews. Young people residing in New South Wales were then invited to complete a survey to evaluate the usefulness, relatability and impact on perceived harms associated with each substance pre- and post-viewing resources. RESULTS A total of 100 participants completed the survey (mean age = 21.5 years, SD = 2.77, 42% Female, 2% Non-binary). The animated videos were well received, with the large majority (91% and 87% respectively) of participants rating them 'excellent' or 'very good'. After viewing the videos, there was a significant increase in the perception of harm associated with e-cigarette use, monthly (t(99) = 2.76, p = .003), weekly (t(99) = 4.82, p < .001) and daily (t(99) = 4.92, p < .001), and consuming alcohol whilst taking antidepressants both weekly (t(100) = 2.93, p = .004) and daily (t(100) = 3.13, p = .002). CONCLUSIONS This study describes a successful co-design process demonstrating how meaningful involvement of young people, alongside traditional research methods, can produce substance use prevention resources that are useful, engaging and increase knowledge of harms among young people. SO WHAT?: To achieve meaningful public health impact researchers, experts and digital creators can work together to co-create substance use educational materials that are engaging, well-liked, while imparting important health knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Debenham
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Birrell
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma K Devine
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina E Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kershaw
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shalini Arunogiri
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Stockings
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Green R, Wolf BJ, Chen A, Kirkland AE, Ferguson PL, Browning BD, Bryant BE, Tomko RL, Gray KM, Mewton L, Squeglia LM. Predictors of Substance Use Initiation by Early Adolescence. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:423-433. [PMID: 38706327 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance use initiation during early adolescence is associated with later development of substance use and mental health disorders. This study used various domains to predict substance use initiation, defined as trying any nonprescribed substance (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, cannabis), by age 12, using a large longitudinal data set. METHODS Substance-naive youths from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ages 9-10; N=6,829) were followed for 3 years. A total of 420 variables were examined as predictors of substance use initiation, using a penalized logistic regression with elastic net; domains spanned demographic characteristics, self and peer involvement with substance use, parenting behaviors, mental and physical health, culture and environment, hormones, neurocognitive functioning, and structural neuroimaging. RESULTS By age 12, 982 (14.4%) children reported substance initiation, with alcohol being the most common. Models with only self-report predictors had similar prediction performance to models adding hormones, neurocognitive factors, and neuroimaging predictors (AUCtest=0.66). Sociodemographic factors were the most robust predictors, followed by cultural and environmental factors, physical health factors, and parenting behaviors. The top predictor was a religious preference of Mormon (coefficient=-0.87), followed by a religious preference for Jewish (coefficient=0.32), and by Black youths (coefficient=-0.32). CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic variables were the most robust predictors of substance use initiation. Adding resource-intensive measures, including hormones, neurocognitive assessment, and structural neuroimaging, did not improve prediction of substance use initiation. The application of these large-scale findings in clinical settings could help to streamline and tailor prevention and early intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Bethany J Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Andrew Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Pamela L Ferguson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Brittney D Browning
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Brittany E Bryant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Louise Mewton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Green, Kirkland, Browning, Bryant, Tomko, Gray, Squeglia) and Department of Public Health Sciences (Wolf, Chen, Ferguson), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston; Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Mewton)
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Piras G, Cadoni C, Caria F, Pintori N, Spano E, Vanejevs M, Ture A, Tocco G, Simola N, De Luca MA. Characterization of the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae016. [PMID: 38546531 PMCID: PMC11120233 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the drug market raises concerns about uncertainty on their pharmacological profile and the health hazard linked to their use. Within the category of synthetic stimulant NPS, the phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2-Cl-4,5-MDMA) has been linked to severe intoxication requiring hospitalization. Thereby, the characterization of its pharmacological profile is urgently warranted. METHODS By in vivo brain microdialysis in adolescent and adult male rats we investigated the effects of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission in two brain areas critical for the motivational and rewarding properties of drugs, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Moreover, we evaluated the locomotor and stereotyped activity induced by 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA and the emission of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to characterize its affective properties. RESULTS 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA increased dialysate DA and 5-HT in a dose-, brain area-, and age-dependent manner. Notably, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA more markedly increased dialysate DA in the NAc shell and mPFC of adult than adolescent rats, while the opposite was observed on dialysate 5-HT in the NAc shell, with adolescent rats being more responsive. Furthermore, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA stimulated locomotion and stereotyped activity in both adolescent and adult rats, although to a greater extent in adolescents. Finally, 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA did not stimulate the emission of 50-kHz USVs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first pharmacological characterization of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA demonstrating that its neurochemical and behavioral effects may differ between adolescence and adulthood. These preclinical data could help understanding the central effects of 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA by increasing awareness on possible health damage in users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Cadoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council of Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrica Spano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Tocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Rezapour T, Rafei P, Baldacchino A, Conrod PJ, Dom G, Fishbein DH, Kazemi A, Hendriks V, Newton N, Riggs NR, Squeglia LM, Teesson M, Vassileva J, Verdejo-Garcia A, Ekhtiari H. Neuroscience-informed classification of prevention interventions in substance use disorders: An RDoC-based approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105578. [PMID: 38360332 PMCID: PMC11081014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Neuroscience has contributed to uncover the mechanisms underpinning substance use disorders (SUD). The next frontier is to leverage these mechanisms as active targets to create more effective interventions for SUD treatment and prevention. Recent large-scale cohort studies from early childhood are generating multiple levels of neuroscience-based information with the potential to inform the development and refinement of future preventive strategies. However, there are still no available well-recognized frameworks to guide the integration of these multi-level datasets into prevention interventions. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) provides a neuroscience-based multi-system framework that is well suited to facilitate translation of neurobiological mechanisms into behavioral domains amenable to preventative interventions. We propose a novel RDoC-based framework for prevention science and adapted the framework for the existing preventive interventions. From a systematic review of randomized controlled trials using a person-centered drug/alcohol preventive approach for adolescents, we identified 22 unique preventive interventions. By teasing apart these 22 interventions into the RDoC domains, we proposed distinct neurocognitive trajectories which have been recognized as precursors or risk factors for SUDs, to be targeted, engaged and modified for effective addiction prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Rezapour
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Rafei
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alex Baldacchino
- Division of Population and Behavioral Science, University of St Andrews School of Medicine, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diana H Fishbein
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA; College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Atefeh Kazemi
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vincent Hendriks
- Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment), Zoutkeetsingel 40, The Hague 2512 HN, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathaniel R Riggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Gonçalves PD, Martins SS, Gebru NM, Ryan-Pettes SR, Allgaier N, Potter A, Thompson WK, Johnson ME, Garavan H, Talati A, Albaugh MD. Associations Between Family History of Alcohol and/or Substance Use Problems and Frontal Cortical Development From 9 to 13 Years of Age: A Longitudinal Analysis of the ABCD Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100284. [PMID: 38312852 PMCID: PMC10837483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous investigations that have examined associations between family history (FH) of alcohol/substance use and adolescent brain development have been primarily cross-sectional. Here, leveraging a large population-based sample of youths, we characterized frontal cortical trajectories among 9- to 13-year-olds with (FH+) versus without (FH-) an FH and examined sex as a potential moderator. Methods We used data from 9710 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (release 4.0). FH+ was defined as having ≥1 biological parents and/or ≥2 biological grandparents with a history of alcohol/substance use problems (n = 2433). Our primary outcome was frontal cortical structural measures obtained at baseline (ages 9-11) and year 2 follow-up (ages 11-13). We used linear mixed-effects models to examine the extent to which FH status qualified frontal cortical development over the age span studied. Finally, we ran additional interactions with sex to test whether observed associations between FH and cortical development differed significantly between sexes. Results For FH+ (vs. FH-) youths, we observed increased cortical thinning from 9 to 13 years across the frontal cortex as a whole. When we probed for sex differences, we observed significant declines in frontal cortical thickness among boys but not girls from ages 9 to 13 years. No associations were observed between FH and frontal cortical surface area or volume. Conclusions Having a FH+ is associated with more rapid thinning of the frontal cortex across ages 9 to 13, with this effect driven primarily by male participants. Future studies will need to test whether the observed pattern of accelerated thinning predicts future substance use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dib Gonçalves
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Silvia S. Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Nioud Mulugeta Gebru
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Nicholas Allgaier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Alexandra Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Micah E. Johnson
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ardesheer Talati
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
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7
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Moraes MA, Árabe LB, Resende BL, Codo BC, Reis ALDAL, Souza BR. Effects of L-Dopa, SKF-38393, and quinpirole on exploratory, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in pubertal female and male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114805. [PMID: 38096922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a phase of substantial changes in the brain, characterized by maturational remodeling of many systems. This remodeling allows functional plasticity to adapt to a changing environment. The dopaminergic system is under morphological and physiological changes during this phase. In the present study, we investigated if changes in the dopaminergic tone alter mice behavior in a receptor and sex-specific manner, specifically at the beginning of the puberty period. We administered L-Dopa, SKF-38393 (D1 dopamine receptor agonist), and Quinpirole (D2 dopamine receptor agonist) and tested male and female mice's motor, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. While females displayed an impaired exploratory drive, males presented an intense depressive-like response. Our results provide insights into the function of dopaminergic development in adolescent behavior and highlight the importance of studies in this time window with male and female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muiara Aparecida Moraes
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Laila Blanc Árabe
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lopes Resende
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Campos Codo
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza de Araújo Lima Reis
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rezende Souza
- Laboratório de Neurodesenvolvimento e Evolução - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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8
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Kirse HA, Bahrami M, Lyday RG, Simpson SL, Peterson-Sockwell H, Burdette JH, Laurienti PJ. Differences in Brain Network Topology Based on Alcohol Use History in Adolescents. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1676. [PMID: 38137124 PMCID: PMC10741456 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 6 million youth aged 12 to 20 consume alcohol monthly in the United States. The effect of alcohol consumption in adolescence on behavior and cognition is heavily researched; however, little is known about how alcohol consumption in adolescence may alter brain function, leading to long-term developmental detriments. In order to investigate differences in brain connectivity associated with alcohol use in adolescents, brain networks were constructed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected by the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) from 698 youth (12-21 years; 117 hazardous drinkers and 581 no/low drinkers). Analyses assessed differences in brain network topology based on alcohol consumption in eight predefined brain networks, as well as in whole-brain connectivity. Within the central executive network (CEN), basal ganglia network (BGN), and sensorimotor network (SMN), no/low drinkers demonstrated stronger and more frequent connections between highly globally efficient nodes, with fewer and weaker connections between highly clustered nodes. Inverse results were observed within the dorsal attention network (DAN), visual network (VN), and frontotemporal network (FTN), with no/low drinkers demonstrating weaker connections between nodes with high efficiency and increased frequency of clustered nodes compared to hazardous drinkers. Cross-sectional results from this study show clear organizational differences between adolescents with no/low or hazardous alcohol use, suggesting that aberrant connectivity in these brain networks is associated with risky drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A. Kirse
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Graduate Program, Wake Forest Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Robert G. Lyday
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sean L. Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hope Peterson-Sockwell
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jonathan H. Burdette
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (H.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.G.L.); (S.L.S.); (H.P.-S.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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9
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Airagnes G, Perrotte C, Ducoutumany G, Lemogne C, Limosin F. Peer bullying victimization in adolescence is associated with substance use: cross-sectional findings from French high school students. J Addict Dis 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37632448 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2250233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between peer bullying victimization in adolescence and substance use have been poorly studied. Thus, we examined the associations between peer bullying victimization and tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use in 496 French high school students. Peer bullying victimization was measured with a 17-item standardized assessment and analyzed as quartiles. Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use were assessed with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST), respectively. Total scores at the HONC (0 to 10), AUDIT-C (0 to 12), and CAST (0 to 24) were used as dependent variables in generalized linear models, adjusting for sex, age, prepared graduation, last school marks and friends outside high school. Compared to the first quartile (i.e., the least bullied students), those from the second, third and fourth quartiles had significant increase of the AUDIT-C (B = 0.78 [95%CI 0.17-1.40] with p = 0.013; B = 0.86 [95%CI 0.26;1.46] with p = 0.005 and B = 1.00 [95%CI 0.38;1.62] with p = 0.002, respectively), with dose-dependent relationships (B = 0.33 ([95%CI 0.13; 0.52] with p = 0.001). Those from the fourth quartile had a significant increase of the CAST (B = 2.13[95%CI 1.25;3.01], p < 0.001). When examining the role of peer bullying victimization on the number of substances used, there were significant increased odds for students from the third and fourth quartiles, with dose-dependent relationships (OR = 1.24 [95% CI 1.07;1.44], p = 0.005). These findings encourage paying a particular attention to substance use in students who report being bullied. Consequently, information and prevention using standardized screening tools should be proposed. Conversely, substance use could be an indicator of peer bullying victimization and should thus be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, Paris, France
- INSERM, Population-Based Cohorts, Villejuif, France
| | - Camille Perrotte
- DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'Adulte et du Sujet Âgé, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Ducoutumany
- DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'Adulte et du Sujet Âgé, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Corentin Celton, DMU Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Service de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie de l'Adulte et du Sujet Âgé, INSERM, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), Paris, France
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10
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Chiang SC, Chen WC, Wu PY. Daily association between parent-adolescent relationship and life satisfaction: The moderating role of emotion dysregulation. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1168-1178. [PMID: 37170670 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescence, life satisfaction is an early indicator of later psychological well-being. However, researchers know little about how daily family relationships shape adolescent life satisfaction. The current study examined the day-to-day associations between parent-adolescent relationships and life satisfaction, and whether adolescent emotion dysregulation moderated these associations. METHODS A total of 191 adolescents (Mage = 12.93, SDage = 0.75, 53% female) recruited from junior high schools in Taiwan participated in a 10-day daily diary protocol. We conducted multilevel analyses to examine within-family and between-family processes. RESULTS At the within-family level, adolescents reported higher life satisfaction on days when parent-adolescent closeness was higher, but lower life satisfaction on days when parent-adolescent conflict was higher. At the between-family level, higher parent-adolescent closeness was associated with greater life satisfaction on average, while parent-adolescent conflict was not related to adolescent life satisfaction. Cross-level interactions indicated that within-family changes in parent-adolescent closeness and conflict were only associated with life satisfaction for adolescents with higher levels of emotion dysregulation, indicating emotion dysregulation may intensify the role of daily parent-adolescent relationships in shaping adolescent life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS This study expands current literature and provides novel evidence that changes in day-to-day parent-adolescent relationships have important implications for adolescent life satisfaction, especially for youth higher in emotion dysregulation. The findings underscore the importance of evaluating family and individual characteristics to better support adolescent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Wade NE, Sullivan RM, Tapert SF, Pelham WE, Huestis MA, Lisdahl KM, Haist F. Concordance between substance use self-report and hair analysis in community-based adolescents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:76-84. [PMID: 36812240 PMCID: PMC10757802 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2164931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: Accurate drug use identification through subjective self-report and toxicological biosample (hair) analysis are necessary to determine substance use sequelae in youth. Yet consistency between self-reported substance use and robust, toxicological analysis in a large sample of youth is understudied.Objectives: We aim to assess concordance between self-reported substance use and hair toxicological analysis in community-based adolescents.Methods: Hair results by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS and self-reported past-year substance use from an Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study subsample (N = 1,390; ages 9-13; 48% female) were compared. The participants were selected for hair selection through two methods: high scores on a substance risk algorithm selected 93%; 7% were low-risk, randomly selected participants. Kappa coefficients the examined concordance between self-report and hair results.Results: 10% of youth self-reported any past-year substance use (e.g. alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, and opiates), while a mostly non-overlapping 10% had hair results indicating recent substance use (cannabis, alcohol, non-prescription amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, opiates, and fentanyl). In randomly selected low-risk cases, 7% were confirmed positive in hair. Combining methods, 19% of the sample self-reported substance use and/or had a positive hair sample. Kappa coefficient of concordance between self-report and hair results was low (kappa = 0.07; p = .007).Conclusions: Hair toxicology identified substance use in high-risk and low-risk ABCD cohort subsamples. Given low concordance between hair results and self-report, reliance on either method alone would incorrectly categorize 9% as non-users. Multiple methods for characterizing substance use history in youth improves accuracy. Larger representative samples are needed to assess the prevalence of substance use in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Ryan M. Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Frank Haist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, USA
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12
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Sullivan RM, Wade NE, Wallace AL, Tapert SF, Pelham WE, Brown SA, Cloak CC, Ewing SWF, Madden PA, Martz ME, Ross JM, Kaiver CM, Wirtz HG, Heitzeg MM, Lisdahl KM. Substance use patterns in 9 to 13-year-olds: Longitudinal findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 5:100120. [PMID: 36687306 PMCID: PMC9850746 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Though largely substance-naïve at enrollment, a proportion of the youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study are expected to initiate substance use (SU) as they transition into later adolescence. With annual data from youth 9-13 years-old, this study aims to describe their SU patterns over time. Here, prevalence rates of use are reported, along with predicted odds of use while analyzing common risk-factors associated with youth SU. Methods The ABCD Study® enrolled 11,876 participants at Baseline (ages 9-10) and has followed them annually. Data through half of the third follow-up visit are available (ages 12-13; n = 6,251). SU descriptives for al psychoactive substances over time are outlined. General estimating equations (GEEs) assessed whether sociodemographic factors, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and parental SU problems were associated with SU between Baseline and Y2 follow-up. Results Across time, alcohol and nicotine remain the most used substances. Yearly rates of any SU increased (past year use: 13.9% in Y1; 14% Y2, 18.4% Y3). Cumulatively, by Y3, 39.7% of the cohort reported experimenting (e.g., sipping alcohol) with SU within their lifetime, while 7.4% reported a "full use" (a full alcohol drink, nicotine use, cannabis use, or any other SU) in their lifetime (past-year: 1.9% alcohol, 2.1% nicotine, 1.1% cannabis, 1.2% other substances). GEEs revealed ongoing longitudinal associations between sociodemographic factors, greater externalizing symptoms, and parental drug problems with increased odds of initiating SU. Conclusions As ABCD participants transition into their teenage years, the cohort is initiating SU at increasing (though still low) rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Sullivan
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2241 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | | | - Alexander L. Wallace
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2241 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | | | | | | | - Christine C Cloak
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | | | | | | | - J. Megan Ross
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, United States
| | - Christine M. Kaiver
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2241 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Hailey G. Wirtz
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2241 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | | | - Krista M. Lisdahl
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2241 E. Hartford Ave, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States,Corresponding author.
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13
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Beard SJ, Yoon L, Venticinque JS, Shepherd NE, Guyer AE. The brain in social context: A systematic review of substance use and social processing from adolescence to young adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101147. [PMID: 36030675 PMCID: PMC9434028 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use escalates between adolescence and young adulthood, and most experimentation occurs among peers. To understand underlying mechanisms, research has focused on neural response during relevant psychological processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research provides a wealth of information about brain activity when processing monetary rewards; however, most studies have used tasks devoid of social stimuli. Given that adolescent neurodevelopment is sculpted by the push-and-pull of peers and emotions, identifying neural substrates is important for intervention. We systematically reviewed 28 fMRI studies examining substance use and neural responses to stimuli including social reward, emotional faces, social influence, and social stressors. We found substance use was positively associated with social-reward activity (e.g., in the ventral striatum), and negatively with social-stress activity (e.g., in the amygdala). For emotion, findings were mixed with more use linked to heightened response (e.g., in amygdala), but also with decreased response (e.g., in insula). For social influence, evidence supported both positive (e.g., cannabis and nucleus accumbens during conformity) and negative (e.g., polydrug and ventromedial PFC during peers' choices) relations between activity and use. Based on the literature, we offer recommendations for future research on the neural processing of social information to better identify risks for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Beard
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, 301 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Leehyun Yoon
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Joseph S Venticinque
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, 301 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Nathan E Shepherd
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, 301 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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14
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Adolescent reinforcement-learning trajectories predict cocaine-taking behaviors in adult male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2885-2901. [PMID: 35705734 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The anatomical, structural, and functional adaptations that occur in the brain during adolescence are thought to facilitate improvements in decision-making functions that are known to occur during this stage of development. The mechanisms that underlie these neural adaptations are not known, but deviations in developmental trajectories have been proposed to contribute to the emergence of mental illness, including addiction. Direct evidence supporting this hypothesis, however, has been limited. Here, we used a recently developed reversal-learning protocol to investigate the predictive relationship between adolescent decision-making trajectories and cocaine-taking behaviors in adulthood. Decision-making functions in the reversal-learning task were assessed throughout adolescence and into adulthood in male and female Long-Evans rats. Trial-by-trial choice data was fitted with a reinforcement-learning model to quantify the degree to which choice behavior of individual rats was influenced by rewarded (e.g., ∆+ parameter) and unrewarded (e.g., ∆0 parameter) outcomes. We report that reversal-learning performance improved during adolescence and that this was due to an increase in value updating for rewarded outcomes (e.g., ∆+ parameter). Furthermore, the rate of change in the ∆+ parameter predicted individual differences in the ∆+ parameter and, notably, cocaine-taking behaviors in adulthood: Rats that had a shallower adolescent trajectory were found to have a lower ∆+ parameter and greater cocaine self-administration in adulthood. These data indicate that adolescent development plays a critical role in drug use susceptibility. Future studies aimed at understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie these age-related changes in decision-making could provide new insights into the biobehavioral mechanisms mediating addiction susceptibility.
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15
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López-Ramírez E, Huber MJ, Inozemtseva O. The Positive Effect of the Rational Addiction Prevention Program (RAPP) on Adolescents with High Risk for Drug Consumption. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:342-353. [PMID: 33559022 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the effect of an original prevention program (RAPP) on the behavioral and cognitive characteristics of adolescents with high risk for substance consumption. Seventy-six Mexican adolescents 12-15 years old (38 with high risk (HR) and 38 with low risk (LR)) were selected. RAPP was applied for 3 months. Resilience, social skills, attitudes towards substance use, ability to delay a reward, and inhibitory control were assessed in these adolescents, before and after the RAPP intervention. Both groups improved their scores; however, HR achieved greater changes than LR. Findings suggest that HR have behavioral characteristics that can be considered as risk factors for substance consumption (low levels of resilience, low social skills, little family support, positive attitudes towards substance use). RAPP proved to be an effective program for preventing these risk factors for substance use in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique López-Ramírez
- Doctorado en Educación, Departamento de Estudios en Educación, CUCSH, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Parres Arias, 150, Col. San José del Bajío, CP 45000, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.,Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Instituto Tecnológico de Pochutla, km. 5.35 carretera San Pedro Pochutla-Puerto Ángel, localidad el Colorado, CP 70902, San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Mary J Huber
- Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Olga Inozemtseva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo, 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, CP 33130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. .,Doctorado en Educación, Departamento de Estudios en Educación, CUCSH, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Parres Arias, 150, Col. San José del Bajío, CP 45000, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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16
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McQuaid GA, Darcey VL, Patterson AE, Rose EJ, VanMeter AS, Fishbein DH. Baseline brain and behavioral factors distinguish adolescent substance initiators and non-initiators at follow-up. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025259. [PMID: 36569626 PMCID: PMC9780121 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier substance use (SU) initiation is associated with greater risk for the development of SU disorders (SUDs), while delays in SU initiation are associated with a diminished risk for SUDs. Thus, identifying brain and behavioral factors that are markers of enhanced risk for earlier SU has major public health import. Heightened reward-sensitivity and risk-taking are two factors that confer risk for earlier SU. Materials and methods We characterized neural and behavioral factors associated with reward-sensitivity and risk-taking in substance-naïve adolescents (N = 70; 11.1-14.0 years), examining whether these factors differed as a function of subsequent SU initiation at 18- and 36-months follow-up. Adolescents completed a reward-related decision-making task while undergoing functional MRI. Measures of reward sensitivity (Behavioral Inhibition System-Behavioral Approach System; BIS-BAS), impulsive decision-making (delay discounting task), and SUD risk [Drug Use Screening Inventory, Revised (DUSI-R)] were collected. These metrics were compared for youth who did [Substance Initiators (SI); n = 27] and did not [Substance Non-initiators (SN); n = 43] initiate SU at follow-up. Results While SI and SN youth showed similar task-based risk-taking behavior, SI youth showed more variable patterns of activation in left insular cortex during high-risk selections, and left anterior cingulate cortex in response to rewarded outcomes. Groups displayed similar discounting behavior. SI participants scored higher on the DUSI-R and the BAS sub-scale. Conclusion Activation patterns in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex may serve as a biomarker for earlier SU initiation. Importantly, these brain regions are implicated in the development and experience of SUDs, suggesting differences in these regions prior to substance exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldie A. McQuaid
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Goldie A. McQuaid,
| | - Valerie L. Darcey
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- The Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amanda E. Patterson
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emma Jane Rose
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Ashley S. VanMeter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Diana H. Fishbein
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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17
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Nutt D, Hayes A, Fonville L, Zafar R, Palmer EO, Paterson L, Lingford-Hughes A. Alcohol and the Brain. Nutrients 2021; 13:3938. [PMID: 34836193 PMCID: PMC8625009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol works on the brain to produce its desired effects, e.g., sociability and intoxication, and hence the brain is an important organ for exploring subsequent harms. These come in many different forms such as the consequences of damage during intoxication, e.g., from falls and fights, damage from withdrawal, damage from the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites and altered brain structure and function with implications for behavioral processes such as craving and addiction. On top of that are peripheral factors that compound brain damage such as poor diet, vitamin deficiencies leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also have a profound impact on brain development and lead to irremediable changes of fetal alcohol syndrome. This chapter briefly reviews aspects of these with a particular focus on recent brain imaging results. Cardiovascular effects of alcohol that lead to brain pathology are not covered as they are dealt with elsewhere in the volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK; (A.H.); (L.F.); (R.Z.); (E.O.C.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.-H.)
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18
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Fernandes GS, Spiers A, Vaidya N, Zhang Y, Sharma E, Holla B, Heron J, Hickman M, Murthy P, Chakrabarti A, Basu D, Subodh BN, Singh L, Singh R, Kalyanram K, Kartik K, Kumaran K, Krishnaveni G, Kuriyan R, Kurpad S, Barker GJ, Bharath RD, Desrivieres S, Purushottam M, Orfanos DP, Toledano MB, Schumann G, Benegal V. Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1920. [PMID: 34686158 PMCID: PMC8539836 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases vulnerability to externalising disorders such as substance misuse. The study aims to determine the prevalence of ACEs and its association with substance misuse. METHODS Data from the Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalising Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA) in India was used (n = 9010). ACEs were evaluated using the World Health Organisation (WHO) Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire whilst substance misuse was assessed using the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. A random-effects, two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis explained the associations between ACEs and substance misuse with adjustments for confounders such as sex and family structure. RESULTS 1 in 2 participants reported child maltreatment ACEs and family level ACEs. Except for sexual abuse, males report more of every individual childhood adversity and are more likely to report misusing substances compared with females (87.3% vs. 12.7%). In adolescents, family level ACEs (adj OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.7) and collective level ACEs (adj OR 6.6, 95% CI 1.4-31.1) show associations with substance misuse whilst in young adults, child level ACEs such as maltreatment show similar strong associations (adj OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.5). CONCLUSION ACEs such as abuse and domestic violence are strongly associated with substance misuse, most commonly tobacco, in adolescent and young adult males in India. The results suggest enhancing current ACE resilience programmes and 'trauma-informed' approaches to tackling longer-term impact of ACEs in India. FUNDING Newton Bhabha Grant jointly funded by the Medical Research Council, UK (MR/N000390/1) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR/MRC-UK/3/M/2015-NCD-I).
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - A Spiers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N Vaidya
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Y Zhang
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Sharma
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - B Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - J Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - M Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - P Murthy
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - A Chakrabarti
- ICMR-Centre on Non-Communicable Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - D Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - B N Subodh
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - L Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - R Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - K Kalyanram
- Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Kartik
- Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Madanapalle, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Kumaran
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - G Krishnaveni
- Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India
| | - R Kuriyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Ethics, St John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - S Kurpad
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Medical Ethics, St. John's Medical College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - G J Barker
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R D Bharath
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - S Desrivieres
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - M Purushottam
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - D P Orfanos
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - M B Toledano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - V Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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19
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El Marroun H, Klapwijk ET, Koevoets M, Brouwer RM, Peters S, Van't Ent D, Boomsma DI, Muetzel RL, Crone EA, Hulshoff Pol HE, Franken IHA. Alcohol use and brain morphology in adolescence: A longitudinal study in three different cohorts. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6012-6026. [PMID: 34390509 PMCID: PMC9291789 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is commonly initiated during adolescence, but the effects on human brain development remain unknown. In this multisite study, we investigated the longitudinal associations of adolescent alcohol use and brain morphology. Three longitudinal cohorts in the Netherlands (BrainScale n = 200, BrainTime n = 239 and a subsample of the Generation R study n = 318) of typically developing participants aged between 8 and 29 years were included. Adolescent alcohol use was self‐reported. Longitudinal neuroimaging data were collected for at least two time points. Processing pipelines and statistical analyses were harmonized across cohorts. Main outcomes were global and regional brain volumes, which were a priori selected. Linear mixed effect models were used to test main effects of alcohol use and interaction effects of alcohol use with age in each cohort separately. Alcohol use was associated with adolescent's brain morphology showing accelerated decrease in grey matter volumes, in particular in the frontal and cingulate cortex volumes, and decelerated increase in white matter volumes. No dose–response association was observed. The findings were most prominent and consistent in the older cohorts (BrainScale and BrainTime). In summary, this longitudinal study demonstrated differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories of grey and white matter volume in adolescents who consume alcohol compared with non‐users. These findings highlight the importance to further understand underlying neurobiological mechanisms when adolescents initiate alcohol consumption. Therefore, further studies need to determine to what extent this reflects the causal nature of this association, as this longitudinal observational study does not allow for causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard T Klapwijk
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koevoets
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Peters
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Sequeira-Cordero A, Brenes JC. Time-dependent changes in striatal monoamine levels and gene expression following single and repeated amphetamine administration in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174148. [PMID: 33961872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As drug addiction may result from pathological usurpations of learning and memory's neural mechanisms, we focused on the amphetamine-induced time-dependent neurochemical changes associated with neural plasticity. We used juvenile rats as the risk for drug abuse is higher during adolescence. Experiment 1 served to define the appropriate amphetamine dose and the neurochemical effects of a single administration. In experiment 2, rats received seven amphetamine or saline injections in the open-field test throughout a twelve-day period. We measured the mRNA levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), the microRNA-132, the Rho GTPase-activating protein 32 (p250GAP), the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and monoamines and amino-acids contents in the nucleus accumbens and the dorsal striatum 45, 90, and 180 min after the last injection. We found that amphetamine changed gene expression only at certain time points and in a dose and region-dependent manner. Repeated but not single administrations upregulated accumbal and striatal BDNF (180 min) and striatal pri-miR-132 (90 min) expression, while downregulated accumbal CREB levels (90 min). As only some drug users develop addiction, we compared brain parameters between low and high amphetamine responders. Prone subjects characterized by having reduced striatal 5-HT metabolism, higher accumbal BDNF and TrkB expression, and lower levels of CREB in the dorsal striatum and p250GAP in both regions. Thus, individual differences in drug-induced changes in neurotransmission and gene expression in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways may underlie the plasticity adaptations associated with behavioral sensitization to amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sequeira-Cordero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica.
| | - Juan C Brenes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica.
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21
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Bart CP, Titone MK, Ng TH, Nusslock R, Alloy LB. Neural reward circuit dysfunction as a risk factor for bipolar spectrum disorders and substance use disorders: A review and integration. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102035. [PMID: 34020138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with neural reward dysfunction. However, it is unclear what pattern of neural reward function underlies pre-existing vulnerability to BSDs and SUDs, or whether neural reward function explains their high co-occurrence. The current paper provides an overview of the separate literatures on neural reward sensitivity in BSDs and SUDs. We provide a systematic review of 35 studies relevant to identifying neural reward function vulnerability to BSDs and SUDs. These studies include those examining neural reward processing on a monetary reward task with prospective designs predicting initial onset of SUDs, familial risk studies that examine unaffected offspring or first-degree relatives of family members with BSDs or SUDs, and studies that examine individuals with BSDs or SUDs who are not currently in an episode of the disorder. Findings from the review highlight that aberrant responding and connectivity across neural regions associated with reward and cognitive control confers risk for the development of BSDs and SUDs. Discussion focuses on limitations of the extant literature. We conclude with an integration and theoretical model for understanding how aberrant neural reward responding may constitute a vulnerability to the development of both BSDs and SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne P Bart
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Madison K Titone
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Tommy H Ng
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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22
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Ivanov I, Parvaz MA, Velthorst E, Shaik RB, Sandin S, Gan G, Spechler P, Albaugh MD, Chaarani B, Mackey S, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Paillère Martinot ML, Artiges E, Lemaitre H, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Garavan H. Substance Use Initiation, Particularly Alcohol, in Drug-Naive Adolescents: Possible Predictors and Consequences From a Large Cohort Naturalistic Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:623-636. [PMID: 33011213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear whether deviations in brain and behavioral development, which may underpin elevated substance use during adolescence, are predispositions for or consequences of substance use initiation. Here, we examine behavioral and neuroimaging indices at early and mid-adolescence in drug-naive youths to identify possible predisposing factors for substance use initiation and its possible consequences. METHOD Among 304 drug-naive adolescents at baseline (age 14 years) from the IMAGEN dataset, 83 stayed drug-naive, 133 used alcohol on 1 to 9 occasions, 42 on 10 to 19 occasions, 27 on 20 to 39 occasions, and 19 on >40 occasions at follow-up (age 16 years). Baseline measures included brain activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task. Data at both baseline and follow-up included measures of trait impulsivity and delay discounting. RESULTS From baseline to follow-up, impulsivity decreased in the 0 and 1- to 9-occasions groups (p < .004), did not change in the 10- to 19-occasions and 20- to 29-occasions groups (p > .294), and uncharacteristically increased in the >40-occasions group (p = .046). Furthermore, blunted medial orbitofrontal cortex activation during reward outcome at baseline significantly predicted higher alcohol use frequency at follow-up, above and beyond behavioral and clinical variables (p = .008). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the transition from no use to frequent drinking in early to mid-adolescence may disrupt normative developmental changes in behavioral control. In addition, blunted activity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during reward outcome may underscore a predisposition toward the development of more severe alcohol use in adolescents. This distinction is clinically important, as it informs early intervention efforts in preventing the onset of substance use disorder in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Riaz B Shaik
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Sven Sandin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Gan
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Penny Gowland
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- 12Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Herve Lemaitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- University of Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Henrik Walter
- 12Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Lees B, Stapinski LA, Teesson M, Squeglia LM, Jacobus J, Mewton L. Problems experienced by children from families with histories of substance misuse: An ABCD study®. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108403. [PMID: 33229052 PMCID: PMC7750301 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are significant knowledge gaps of the vulnerabilities faced by youth from families with histories of alcohol or substance misuse. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of problems experienced by substance-naive children with positive family histories of substance misuse (FHP). METHODS Baseline data from up to 11,873 children (52.1 % male), aged 9.0-10.9 years (M = 9.9 ± 0.6), enrolled in the US-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® were utilized. Mixed models tested cross-sectional associations between family history of substance misuse, assessed categorically and continuously, with neurobiological, cognitive, behavioral, and psychological outcomes, when controlling for confounding factors, including family history of psychopathology, and correcting for multiple comparisons. RESULTS One in four (26.3 %) youth were categorized as FHP (defined as ≥ one parent or ≥ two grandparents with misuse history). Controlling for confounding, FHP youth exhibited thinner whole cortices and greater surface area in frontal and occipital regions than youth with no such history (|ds|≥0.04, ps<.001). FHP youth experienced greater psychopathology and sleep disturbance (|ds|≥0.36, ps<.001) and were more likely to be diagnosed with multiple mental disorders (odds ratios≥1.22, ps<.001), with severity of effects dependent on family history density of substance misuse. Differences in cognition, impulsivity, and motivation were non-significant. Psychopathology, mental disorders, and sleep disturbance were negatively correlated with various neural indices (|rs|=0.01-0.05, ps<.05). CONCLUSIONS At age 9-10 years, FHP youth can experience numerous problems, with psychopathology and mental disorders being some of the most significant. Therefore, prevention efforts should target psychopathology vulnerabilities in FHP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Level 6 Jane Foss Russell Building, G02, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, 11 Botany St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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24
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Brain anatomical covariation patterns linked to binge drinking and age at first full drink. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 29:102529. [PMID: 33321271 PMCID: PMC7745054 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We identified a reproducible cortical and subcortical brain structural covariation pattern. A novel pattern discovery method Joint and Individual Variance Explained (JIVE) was used. The cortical and subcortical structural covariation pattern is related to alcohol use initiation. The identified pattern is dominated by covariation among brainstem, thalamus and PFC. A thalamic-PFC-brainstem circuitry might be related to alcohol use initiation.
Binge drinking and age at first full drink (AFD) of alcohol prior to 21 years (AFD < 21) have been linked to neuroanatomical differences in cortical and subcortical grey matter (GM) volume, cortical thickness, and surface area. Despite the importance of understanding network-level relationships, structural covariation patterns among these morphological measures have yet to be examined in relation to binge drinking and AFD < 21. Here, we used the Joint and Individual Variance Explained (JIVE) method to characterize structural covariation patterns common across and specific to morphological measures in 293 participants (149 individuals with past-12-month binge drinking and 144 healthy controls) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). An independent dataset (Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample; NKI-RS) was used to examine reproducibility/generalizability. We identified a reproducible joint component dominated by structural covariation between GM volume in the brainstem and thalamus proper, and GM volume and surface area in prefrontal cortical regions. Using linear mixed regression models, we found that participants with AFD < 21 showed lower joint component scores in both the HCP (beta = 0.059, p-value = 0.016; Cohen’s d = 0.441) and NKI-RS (beta = 0.023, p-value = 0.040, Cohen’s d = 0.216) datasets, whereas the individual thickness component associated with binge drinking (p-value = 0.02) and AFD < 21 (p-value < 0.001) in the HCP dataset was not statistically significant in the NKI-RS sample. Our findings were also generalizable to the HCP full sample (n = 880 participants). Taken together, our results show that use of JIVE analysis in high-dimensional, large-scale, psychiatry-related datasets led to discovery of a reproducible cortical and subcortical structural covariation pattern involving brain regions relevant to thalamic-PFC-brainstem neural circuitry which is related to AFD < 21 and suggests a possible extension of existing addiction neurocircuitry in humans.
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25
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Levy S, Campbell MD, Shea CL, DuPont CM, DuPont RL. Trends in Substance Nonuse by High School Seniors: 1975-2018. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2020-007187. [PMID: 33172919 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-007187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Levy
- Adolescent Substance Use and Addiction Program and .,Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Corinne L Shea
- Institute for Behavior and Health, Inc, Rockville, Maryland
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26
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Luciana M. Risks versus consequences of adolescent and young adult substance use: A focus on executive control. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:453-463. [PMID: 33816055 PMCID: PMC8014909 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the role of executive control processes in the liability for substance misuse and whether substance use, once initiated, leads to subsequent decrements as proposed by neurotoxicity models of substance use disorder (SUD). RECENT FINDINGS As indicated by a number of recent meta-analyses, executive control processes, which include working memory, cognitive flexibility and numerous aspects of attentional, behavioral and emotional control, are impaired in the context of active SUD. Longitudinal studies of behaviorally disinhibited children, individuals with familial risks for SUD, and twins within whom genetic versus environmental influences on behavior can be modeled robustly indicate that relatively poor control is a vulnerability factor for early substance use initiation, binge patterns of use, and subsequent SUD. Evidence of further declines in executive control, once substance use is initiated, is mixed, although a growing number of neuroimaging studies indicate that frontostriatal, frontolimbic, and frontocerebellar systems are altered as a consequence of use. SUMMARY Together these patterns suggest strategies for identifying children and adolescents at high risk for SUD, avenues through which substance-related neurotoxicities can be more reliably detected, and the need to structure prevention efforts in a manner that is developmentally appropriate and perhaps personalized to individual vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455 USA
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27
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Rapuano KM, Rosenberg MD, Maza MT, Dennis NJ, Dorji M, Greene AS, Horien C, Scheinost D, Todd Constable R, Casey BJ. Behavioral and brain signatures of substance use vulnerability in childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 46:100878. [PMID: 33181393 PMCID: PMC7662869 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of risky behavior such as substance use increases during adolescence; however, the neurobiological precursors to adolescent substance use remain unclear. Predictive modeling may complement previous work observing associations with known risk factors or substance use outcomes by developing generalizable models that predict early susceptibility. The aims of the current study were to identify and characterize behavioral and brain models of vulnerability to future substance use. Principal components analysis (PCA) of behavioral risk factors were used together with connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) during rest and task-based functional imaging to generate predictive models in a large cohort of nine- and ten-year-olds enrolled in the Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (NDA release 2.0.1). Dimensionality reduction (n = 9,437) of behavioral measures associated with substance use identified two latent dimensions that explained the largest amount of variance: risk-seeking (PC1; e.g., curiosity to try substances) and familial factors (PC2; e.g., family history of substance use disorder). Using cross-validated regularized regression in a subset of data (Year 1 Fast Track data; n>1,500), functional connectivity during rest and task conditions (resting-state; monetary incentive delay task; stop signal task; emotional n-back task) significantly predicted individual differences in risk-seeking (PC1) in held-out participants (partial correlations between predicted and observed scores controlling for motion and number of frames [rp]: 0.07-0.21). By contrast, functional connectivity was a weak predictor of familial risk factors associated with substance use (PC2) (rp: 0.03-0.06). These results demonstrate a novel approach to understanding substance use vulnerability, which—together with mechanistic perspectives—may inform strategies aimed at early identification of risk for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Rapuano
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Monica D Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria T Maza
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nicholas J Dennis
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mila Dorji
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Abigail S Greene
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Corey Horien
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R Todd Constable
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - B J Casey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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28
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Rodriguez-Thompson AM, Meyer KM, Davidow JY, Van Dijk KRA, Santillana RM, Snyder J, Vidal Bustamante CM, Hollinshead MO, Rosen BR, Somerville LH, Sheridan MA. Examining cognitive control and reward interactions in adolescent externalizing symptoms. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100813. [PMID: 33040971 PMCID: PMC7387777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, rapid development and reorganization of the dopaminergic system supports increasingly sophisticated reward learning and the ability to exert behavioral control. Disruptions in the ability to exert control over previously rewarded behavior may underlie some forms of adolescent psychopathology. Specifically, symptoms of externalizing psychopathology may be associated with difficulties in flexibly adapting behavior in the context of reward. However, the direct interaction of cognitive control and reward learning in adolescent psychopathology symptoms has not yet been investigated. The present study used a Research Domain Criteria framework to investigate whether behavioral and neuronal indices of inhibition to previously rewarded stimuli underlie individual differences in externalizing symptoms in N = 61 typically developing adolescents. Using a task that integrates the Monetary Incentive Delay and Go-No-Go paradigms, we observed a positive association between externalizing symptoms and activation of the left middle frontal gyrus during response inhibition to cues with a history of reward. These associations were robust to controls for internalizing symptoms and neural recruitment during inhibition of cues with no reward history. Our findings suggest that inhibitory control over stimuli with a history of reward may be a useful marker for future inquiry into the development of externalizing psychopathology in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs M Rodriguez-Thompson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Kristin M Meyer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juliet Y Davidow
- Psychology Department and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Psychology Department and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | | | - Jenna Snyder
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Marisa O Hollinshead
- Psychology Department and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Psychology Department and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Darcey VL, Serafine KM. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vulnerability to Addiction: Reviewing Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2385-2401. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200429094158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 (N3) fatty acids are dietary nutrients that are essential for human health. Arguably, one of their most critical contributions to health is their involvement in the structure and function of the nervous system. N3 fatty acids accumulate in neuronal membranes through young adulthood, becoming particularly enriched in a brain region known to be the locus of cognitive control of behavior-the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC undergoes a surge in development during adolescence, coinciding with a life stage when dietary quality and intake of N3 fatty acids tend to be suboptimal. Such low intake may impact neurodevelopment and normative development of cognitive functions suggested to be protective for the risk of subsequent substance and alcohol use disorders (UD). While multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to risk for and resilience to substance and alcohol use disorders, mounting evidence suggests that dietary patterns early in life may also modulate cognitive and behavioral factors thought to elevate UD risk (e.g., impulsivity and reward sensitivity). This review aims to summarize the literature on dietary N3 fatty acids during childhood and adolescence and risk of executive/ cognitive or behavioral dysfunction, which may contribute to the risk of subsequent UD. We begin with a review of the effects of N3 fatty acids in the brain at the molecular to cellular levels–providing the biochemical mechanisms ostensibly supporting observed beneficial effects. We continue with a review of cognitive, behavioral and neurodevelopmental features thought to predict early substance and alcohol use in humans. This is followed by a review of the preclinical literature, largely demonstrating that dietary manipulation of N3 fatty acids contributes to behavioral changes that impact drug sensitivity. Finally, a review of the available evidence in human literature, suggesting an association between dietary N3 fatty and neurodevelopmental profiles associated with risk of adverse outcomes including UD. We conclude with a brief summary and call to action for additional research to extend the current understanding of the impact of dietary N3 fatty acids and the risk of drug and alcohol UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L. Darcey
- Georgetown University, Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Washington DC, United States
| | - Katherine M. Serafine
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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Lees B, Aguinaldo L, Squeglia LM, Infante MA, Wade NE, Mejia MH, Jacobus J. Parental Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder and Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition in Children From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1234-1244. [PMID: 32333792 PMCID: PMC7323844 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth whose parents have alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at higher risk for earlier initiation and greater magnitude of alcohol use, and have a higher likelihood of developing an AUD than their peers without parental history of AUD. This increased risk may be partly attributable to altered development of inhibitory control and related neural circuitry. This study examined neural activation during a motor response inhibition Stop Signal Task (SST) in substance-naïve youth aged 9 to 10 years with and without parental family history of AUD. METHODS Baseline cross-sectional survey and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were drawn from 6,898 youth in the US-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Generalized additive mixed models were conducted to examine the association between maternal, paternal, and parental (both mother and father) family history of AUD with neural activation during successful and failed response inhibition. Family history interactions with sex and stratification by ethnicity were explored. RESULTS Of 6,898 participants, 951 (14%) were family history positive for any parental AUD. Paternal history of AUD was associated with greater activation for successful inhibition in the right medial orbital frontal gyrus, compared to youth with no family history. Maternal history of AUD was associated with greater activation for failed response inhibition among females in the cerebellum, compared to females with no such history. Parental history (both mother and father) of AUD was associated with greater activation during successful inhibition in the left paracentral gyri and left superior parietal lobule. Maternal history and parental history of AUD findings were accounted for by a family history of substance use disorder in general. All effect sizes were relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Substance-naïve children with a parental family history of AUD exhibit greater neural activation in some regions of the fronto-basal ganglia and cerebellar networks when they successfully or unsuccessfully inhibit a response as compared to children with no such family history. This unique neural response pattern could reflect a compensatory response and may represent an inherent neurobiological vulnerability to risk-related behaviors in these youth which will be examined in future longitudinal analyses of this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- University of Sydney, The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use
| | - Laika Aguinaldo
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | - Natasha E. Wade
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Margie Hernandez Mejia
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry
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31
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Lees B, Meredith LR, Kirkland AE, Bryant BE, Squeglia LM. Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 192:172906. [PMID: 32179028 PMCID: PMC7183385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable neurodevelopmental period marked by high rates of engagement with risky alcohol use. This review summarizes the cognitive and neural consequences following alcohol use during adolescence from longitudinal design studies in humans and animals. Findings from human adolescent studies suggest that binge drinking and heavy alcohol use is associated with poorer cognitive functioning on a broad range of neuropsychological assessments, including learning, memory, visuospatial functioning, psychomotor speed, attention, executive functioning, and impulsivity. Alcohol use during adolescence is associated with accelerated decreases in gray matter and attenuated increases in white matter volume, and aberrant neural activity during executive functioning, attentional control, and reward sensitivity tasks, when compared to non-drinking adolescents. Animal studies in rodents and non-human primates have replicated human findings, and suggest cognitive and neural consequences of adolescent alcohol use may persist into adulthood. Novel rodent studies demonstrate that adolescent alcohol use may increase reward responsiveness of the dopamine system to alcohol later in life, as well as disrupt adolescent neurogenesis, potentially through neuroinflammation, with long-lasting neural and behavioral effects into adulthood. Larger longitudinal human cognitive and neuroimaging studies with more diverse samples are currently underway which will improve understanding of the impact of polysubstance use, as well as the interactive effects of substance use, physical and mental health, and demographic factors on cognition and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lindsay R Meredith
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- American University, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Brittany E Bryant
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States of America
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32
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Lees B, Mewton L, Stapinski LA, Squeglia LM, Rae CD, Teesson M. Neurobiological and Cognitive Profile of Young Binge Drinkers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29:357-385. [PMID: 31512192 PMCID: PMC7231524 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the first systematic and quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the relationship between binge drinking, cognition, brain structure and function in youth aged 10 to 24 years. PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO and ProQuest were searched for neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological studies. A total of 58 studies (21 neuroimaging, 16 neurophysiological, 21 neuropsychological) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Overall, abnormal or delayed development of key frontal executive-control regions may predispose youth to binge drink. These abnormalities appear to be further exacerbated by the uptake of binge drinking, in addition to alcohol-related neural aberrations in reward-seeking and incentive salience regions, indexed by cognitive deficits and maladaptive alcohol associations. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological correlates identified that binge drinking in youth was associated with a small overall neurocognitive deficit (g = -0.26) and specific deficits in decision-making (g = -1.70), and inhibition (g = -0.39). Using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence Profile, the certainty in outcomes ranged from very low to low. Future prospective longitudinal studies should address concomitant factors, exposure thresholds, and age-related vulnerabilities of binge drinking, as well as the degree of recovery following discontinuation of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Martz ME, Cope LM, Hardee JE, Brislin SJ, Weigard A, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Frontostriatal Resting State Functional Connectivity in Resilient and Non-Resilient Adolescents with a Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:508-515. [PMID: 31368775 PMCID: PMC6727473 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Youth with parental substance use disorder (family-history positive [FH+]) are at an elevated risk for substance use problems, but not all FH+ youth experience this outcome. Frontostriatal brain networks involved in inhibitory control and reward responsivity underlie risk-taking behaviors, but the role of these networks in substance use heterogeneity among FH+ youth has not been examined. The present study examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in frontostriatal networks in FH+ youth with and without risky substance use. Methods: Participants were 36 FH+ adolescents (mean age 14.96 years at the scan date; 36% female) from a longitudinal, community-based functional magnetic resonance imaging study enriched for parental alcohol use disorder. Groups were based on the absence (resilient) or presence (high-risk) of at least one occasion of any substance use by age 14 and also use of at least two different types of substances by the most recent substance use assessment (mean age 16.89 years). Bilateral masks of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the nucleus accumbens were used for seed-based RSFC due to the importance of these regions in executive control and salience networks, respectively. Results: Compared with FH+/high-risk youth, FH+/resilient youth displayed greater connectivity between the left DLPFC seed and the left posterior cingulate cortex. No other brain regions showed significantly different RSFC between resilient and high-risk groups. Conclusion: FH+/resilient youth showed stronger synchrony between brain regions associated with cognitive control, particularly those associated with flexible adaptation of thoughts and behaviors. Although preliminary, the results of this study set the stage for a continued focus on risk-group heterogeneity to better identify neural markers of resilience against substance use problems in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Martz
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lora M. Cope
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jillian E. Hardee
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander Weigard
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Address correspondence to: Mary M. Heitzeg, PhD, Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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McPhee MD, Claus ED, Boileau I, Lee ACH, Graff-Guerrero A, Hendershot CS. Does Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder Relate to Differences in Regional Brain Volumes? A Descriptive Review with New Data. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2369-2384. [PMID: 30204241 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in regional brain volumes as a function of family history (FH) of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been reported, and it has been suggested that these differences might index genetic risk for AUD. However, results have been inconsistent. The aims of the current study were (i) to provide an updated descriptive review of the existing literature and (ii) to examine the association of FH with indices of subcortical volumes and cortical thickness in a sample of youth recruited based on FH status. METHODS To address aim 1, a literature search located 15 published studies comprising 1,735 participants. Studies were characterized according to population, analytic methods, regions of interest, and primary findings. To address the second aim, we examined volumetric and cortical thickness in a sample of 69 youth (mean age = 19.71 years, SD = 0.79) recruited based on FH status and matched on drinking variables. Associations of sex and alcohol use with volumetric outcomes were also examined. RESULTS Our descriptive review revealed an inconsistent pattern of results with respect to the presence, direction, and regional specificity of volumetric differences across FH groups. The most consistent finding, significantly smaller amygdala volumes in FH+ participants, was not replicated in all studies. In the current sample of youth, measures of subcortical volumes and cortical thickness did not significantly differ as a function of FH, sex, or their interaction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for FH group differences in regional brain volumes is inconsistent, and the current study failed to detect any group differences. Further research is needed to confirm the reproducibility of FH group differences and implications for AUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D McPhee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric D Claus
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian S Hendershot
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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35
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Ben Hamida S, Mendonça-Netto S, Arefin TM, Nasseef MT, Boulos LJ, McNicholas M, Ehrlich AT, Clarke E, Moquin L, Gratton A, Darcq E, Adela HL, Maldonado R, Kieffer BL. Increased Alcohol Seeking in Mice Lacking Gpr88 Involves Dysfunctional Mesocorticolimbic Networks. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:202-212. [PMID: 29580570 PMCID: PMC6054571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is devastating and poorly treated, and innovative targets are actively sought for prevention and treatment. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR88 is enriched in mesocorticolimbic pathways, and Gpr88 knockout mice show hyperactivity and risk-taking behavior, but a potential role for this receptor in drug abuse has not been examined. METHODS We tested Gpr88 knockout mice for alcohol-drinking and -seeking behaviors. To gain system-level understanding of their alcohol endophenotype, we also analyzed whole-brain functional connectivity in naïve mice using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Gpr88 knockout mice showed increased voluntary alcohol drinking at both moderate and excessive levels, with intact alcohol sedation and metabolism. Mutant mice also showed increased operant responding and motivation for alcohol, while food and chocolate operant self-administration were unchanged. Alcohol place conditioning and alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens were decreased, suggesting reduced alcohol reward in mutant mice that may partly explain enhanced alcohol drinking. Seed-based voxelwise functional connectivity analysis revealed significant remodeling of mesocorticolimbic centers, whose hallmark was predominant weakening of prefrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, and amygdala connectional patterns. Also, effective connectivity from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and amygdala was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Gpr88 deletion disrupts executive, reward, and emotional networks in a configuration that reduces alcohol reward and promotes alcohol seeking and drinking. The functional connectivity signature is reminiscent of alterations observed in individuals at risk for AUD. The Gpr88 gene, therefore, may represent a vulnerability/resilience factor for AUD, and a potential drug target for AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ben Hamida
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sueli Mendonça-Netto
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanzil Mahmud Arefin
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Md. Taufiq Nasseef
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura-Joy Boulos
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael McNicholas
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliza Toby Ehrlich
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France,Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eleanor Clarke
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luc Moquin
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Gratton
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harsan Laura Adela
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Engineering science, computer science and imaging laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, University of Strasbourg – CNRS, Strasbourg, France,Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Strasbourg, France; Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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36
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Gray KM, Squeglia LM. Research Review: What have we learned about adolescent substance use? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:618-627. [PMID: 28714184 PMCID: PMC5771977 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical biological, psychological, and social developmental stage involving heightened risk for substance use and associated adverse consequences. This review, synthesizing emerging findings on this complex topic, is intended to inform research and clinical care focused on adolescents. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, yielding a cross-section of observational and interventional studies focused on adolescent substance use. Findings were organized and categorized to cover key areas of epidemiology, neurobiology, prevention, and treatment. FINDINGS Adolescent substance-related attitudes and use patterns have evolved over time, informed by adult and peer behaviors, public policy, media messaging, substance availability, and other variables. A number of risk and resiliency factors contribute to individual differences in substance use and related consequences. Advances in observational techniques have provided enhanced understanding of adolescent brain development and its implications for substance use. Prevention efforts have yielded mixed results, and while a number of adolescent-targeted evidence-based treatments for substance use disorders have been developed, effect sizes are generally modest, indicating the need for further research to enhance prevention and treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Substance use in adolescence is heterogeneous, ranging from normative to pathological, and can lead to significant acute and long-term morbidity and mortality. Understanding risk and resiliency factors, underlying neurobiology, and optimal developmentally sensitive interventions is critical in addressing substance-associated problems in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
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37
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Memory Impairment in HIV-Infected Individuals with Early and Late Initiation of Regular Marijuana Use. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:1596-1605. [PMID: 28884250 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana use is disproportionately prevalent among HIV-infected individuals. The strongest neurocognitive effect of marijuana use is impairment in the domain of memory. Memory impairment is also high among HIV-infected persons. The present study examined 69 HIV-infected individuals who were stratified by age of regular marijuana initiation to investigate how marijuana use impacts neurocognitive functioning. A comprehensive battery assessed substance use and neurocognitive functioning. Findings indicated early onset marijuana users (regular use prior to age 18), compared to non-marijuana users and late onset marijuana users (regular use at age 18 or later), were over 8 times more likely to have learning impairment and nearly 4 times more likely to have memory impairment. A similar pattern of early onset marijuana users performing worse in learning emerged when examining domain deficit scores. The potential for early onset of regular marijuana use to exacerbate already high levels of memory impairment among HIV-infected persons has important clinical implications, including increased potential for medication non-adherence and difficulty with independent living.
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38
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Montag C, Zhao Z, Sindermann C, Xu L, Fu M, Li J, Zheng X, Li K, Kendrick KM, Dai J, Becker B. Internet Communication Disorder and the structure of the human brain: initial insights on WeChat addiction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2155. [PMID: 29391461 PMCID: PMC5794793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
WeChat represents one of the most popular smartphone-based applications for communication. Although the application provides several useful features that simplify daily life, a growing number of users spend excessive amounts of time on the application. This may lead to interferences with everyday life and even to addictive patterns of use. In the context of the ongoing discussion on Internet Communication Disorder (ICD), the present study aimed to better characterize the addictive potential of communication applications, using WeChat as an example, by examining associations between individual variations in tendencies towards WeChat addiction and brain structural variations in fronto-striatal-limbic brain regions. To this end levels of addictive tendencies, frequency of use and structural MRI data were assessed in n = 61 healthy participants. Higher tendencies towards WeChat addiction were associated with smaller gray matter volumes of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, a key region for monitoring and regulatory control in neural networks underlying addictive behaviors. Moreover, a higher frequency of the paying function was associated with smaller nucleus accumbens volumes. Findings were robust after controlling for levels of anxiety and depression. The present results are in line with previous findings in substance and behavioral addictions, and suggest a similar neurobiological basis in ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Lei Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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39
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Brooks SJ, Funk SG, Young SY, Schiöth HB. The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29018381 PMCID: PMC5615794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex executive functions, such as working memory (WM) interact with limbic processes to foster impulse control. Such an interaction is referred to in a growing body of publications by terms such as cognitive control, cognitive inhibition, affect regulation, self-regulation, top-down control, and cognitive–emotion interaction. The rising trend of research into cognitive control of impulsivity, using various related terms reflects the importance of research into impulse control, as failure to employ cognitions optimally may eventually result in mental disorder. Against this background, we take a novel approach using an impulse control spectrum model – where anorexia nervosa (AN) and substance use disorder (SUD) are at opposite extremes – to examine the role of WM for cognitive control. With this aim, we first summarize WM processes in the healthy brain in order to frame a systematic review of the neuropsychological, neural and genetic findings of AN and SUD. In our systematic review of WM/cognitive control, we found n = 15 studies of AN with a total of n = 582 AN and n = 365 HC participants; and n = 93 studies of SUD with n = 9106 SUD and n = 3028 HC participants. In particular, we consider how WM load/capacity may support the neural process of excessive epistemic foraging (cognitive sampling of the environment to test predictions about the world) in AN that reduces distraction from salient stimuli. We also consider the link between WM and cognitive control in people with SUD who are prone to ‘jumping to conclusions’ and reduced epistemic foraging. Finally, in light of our review, we consider WM training as a novel research tool and an adjunct to enhance treatment that improves cognitive control of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabina G Funk
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Y Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch UniversityBellville, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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40
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Coluzzi F, Bifulco F, Cuomo A, Dauri M, Leonardi C, Melotti RM, Natoli S, Romualdi P, Savoia G, Corcione A. The challenge of perioperative pain management in opioid-tolerant patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:1163-1173. [PMID: 28919771 PMCID: PMC5592950 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s141332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of opioid users among chronic pain patients, and opioid abusers among the general population, makes perioperative pain management challenging for health care professionals. Anesthesiologists, surgeons, and nurses should be familiar with some pharmacological phenomena which are typical of opioid users and abusers, such as tolerance, physical dependence, hyperalgesia, and addiction. Inadequate pain management is very common in these patients, due to common prejudices and fears. The target of preoperative evaluation is to identify comorbidities and risk factors and recognize signs and symptoms of opioid abuse and opioid withdrawal. Clinicians are encouraged to plan perioperative pain medications and to refer these patients to psychiatrists and addiction specialists for their evaluation. The aim of this review was to give practical suggestions for perioperative management of surgical opioid-tolerant patients, together with schemes of opioid conversion for chronic pain patients assuming oral or transdermal opioids, and patients under maintenance programs with methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Coluzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina
| | - Francesca Bifulco
- National Cancer Institute "G Pascale" Foundation, Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Naples
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- National Cancer Institute "G Pascale" Foundation, Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Naples
| | - Mario Dauri
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome
| | - Claudio Leonardi
- Addiction Disease Department, Local Health Unit (ASL) Rome 2, Rome
| | | | - Silvia Natoli
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna
| | - Gennaro Savoia
- Department Anesthesia, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Naples
| | - Antonio Corcione
- Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Dei Colli Hospital, V. Monaldi, Naples, Italy
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41
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Sherman L, Steinberg L, Chein J. Connecting brain responsivity and real-world risk taking: Strengths and limitations of current methodological approaches. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 33:27-41. [PMID: 28774477 PMCID: PMC5745301 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the goal of limiting health risk behaviors in adolescence, a growing literature investigates whether individual differences in functional brain responses can be related to vulnerability to engage in risky decision-making. We review this body of work, investigate when and in what way findings converge, and provide best practice recommendations. We identified 23 studies that examined individual differences in brain responsivity and adolescent risk taking. Findings varied widely in terms of the neural regions identified as relating to risky behavior. This heterogeneity is likely due to the abundance of approaches used to assess risk taking, and to the disparity of fMRI tasks. Indeed, brain-behavior correlations were typically found in regions showing a main effect of task. However, results from a test of publication bias suggested that region of interest approaches lacked evidential value. The findings suggest that neural factors differentiating riskier teens are not localized to a single region. Therefore, approaches that utilize data from the entire brain, particularly in predictive analyses, may yield more reliable and applicable results. We discuss several decision points that researchers should consider when designing a study, and emphasize the importance of precise research questions that move beyond a general desire to address adolescent risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sherman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States.
| | | | - Jason Chein
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States
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42
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Bjork JM, Straub LK, Provost RG, Neale MC. The ABCD study of neurodevelopment: Identifying neurocircuit targets for prevention and treatment of adolescent substance abuse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:196-209. [PMID: 29038777 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-017-0108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) can be considered developmental disorders in light of their frequent origins in substance initiation during adolescence. Cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of adolescent substance users or adolescents with SUD have indicated aberrations in brain structures or circuits implicated in motivation, self-control, and mood-regulation. However, attributing these differences to the neurotoxicological effects of chronic substance use has been problematic in that these circuits are also aberrant in at-risk children, such as those with prenatal substance exposure, externalizing disorders (such as conduct disorder), or prodromal internalizing disorders such as depression. To better isolate the effects of substance exposure on the adolescent brain, the newly-launched Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, will follow the neurodevelopmental trajectories of over 11,000 American 9/10-year-olds for 10 years, into emerging adulthood. This study will provide a rich open-access dataset on longitudinal interactions of neurodevelopment, environmental exposures, and childhood psychopathology that confer addiction risk. The ABCD twin study will further clarify genetic versus experiential influences (e.g., substance use) on neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. Neurocircuitry thought to regulate mood and behavior has been directly normalized by administration of psychoactive medications and by cognitive therapies in adults. Because of this, we contend that ABCD project data will be a crucial resource for prevention and treatment of SUD in adolescence because its cutting-edge neuroimaging and childhood assessments hold potential for discovery of additional targetable brain differences earlier in development that are prognostic of (or aberrant in) SUD. The ABCD sample size will also have the power to illuminate how sex differences, environmental interactions and other individual differences interact with neurodevelopment to inform treatment in different groups of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Bjork
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Lisa K Straub
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry
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