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Chen J, Nouzova M, Noriega FG, Tatar M. Gut-to-brain regulation of Drosophila aging through neuropeptide F, insulin and juvenile hormone. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600832. [PMID: 38979180 PMCID: PMC11230353 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Dietary restriction slows aging in many animals, while in some cases the sensory signals from diet alone are sufficient to retard or accelerate lifespan. The digestive tract is a candidate location to sense nutrients, where neuropeptides secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EEC) produce systemic signals in response to food. Here we measure how Drosophila neuropeptide F (NPF) is secreted into adult circulation by enteroendocrine cells and find that specific enteroendocrine cells differentially respond to dietary sugar and yeast. Lifespan is increased when gut NPF is genetically depleted, and this manipulation is sufficient to blunt the longevity benefit conferred by dietary restriction. Depletion of NPF receptors at insulin producing neurons of the brain also increases lifespan, consistent with observations where loss of gut NPF decreases neuronal insulin secretion. The longevity conferred by repressing gut NPF and brain NPF receptors is reversed by treating adults with a juvenile hormone (JH) analog. JH is produced by the adult corpora allata, and inhibition of the insulin receptor at this tissue decreases JH titer and extends lifespan, while this longevity is restored to wild type by treating adults with a JH analog. Overall, enteroendocrine cells of the gut modulate Drosophila aging through interorgan communication mediated by a gut-brain-corpora allata axis, and insulin produced in the brain impacts lifespan through its control of JH titer. These data suggest that we should consider how human incretins and their analogs, which are used to treat obesity and diabetes, may impact aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtian Chen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Marcela Nouzova
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, 37005
| | - Fernando G. Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199 USA
- Department of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 37005 Czech Republic
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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2
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Farder-Gomes CF, Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Bernardes RC, Sena Bastos DS, Licursi de Oliveira L, Martins GF, Serrão JE. Exposure to low-concentration fipronil impairs survival, behavior, midgut morphology and physiology of Aedes aegypti larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142240. [PMID: 38705417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector for various arboviruses, including dengue and yellow fever. Insecticides, such as pyrethroids and organophosphates, are widely used to manage and control these insects. However, mosquitoes have developed resistance to these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the commercial formulation of fipronil (Tuit® Florestal; 80% purity) on the survival, behavior, morphology, and proteins related to signaling pathways of the midgut in A. aegypti larvae under controlled laboratory conditions. Significant reductions in immature survival were observed in all concentrations of fipronil tested. Low insecticide concentration (0.5 ppb) led to decreased locomotor activity in the larvae and caused disorganization of the epithelial tissue in the midgut. Moreover, exposure to the insecticide decreased the activity of detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. On the other hand, the insecticide increased protein oxidation and nitric oxide levels. The detection of LC3, caspase-3, and JNK proteins, related to autophagy and apoptosis, increased after exposure. However, there was a decrease in the positive cells for ERK 1/2. Furthermore, the treatment with fipronil decreased the number of positive cells for the proteins FMRF, Prospero, PH3, Wg, Armadillo, Notch, and Delta, which are related to cell proliferation and differentiation. These findings demonstrate that even at low concentrations, fipronil exerts larvicidal effects on A. aegypti by affecting behavior and enzymatic detoxification, inducing protein oxidation, free radical generation, midgut damage and cell death, and inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, this insecticide may represent a viable alternative for controlling the spread of this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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3
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Awais MM, Fei S, Xia J, Feng M, Sun J. Insights into midgut cell types and their crucial role in antiviral immunity in the lepidopteran model Bombyx mori. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349428. [PMID: 38420120 PMCID: PMC10899340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The midgut, a vital component of the digestive system in arthropods, serves as an interface between ingested food and the insect's physiology, playing a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and immune defense mechanisms. Distinct cell types, including columnar, enteroendocrine, goblet and regenerative cells, comprise the midgut in insects and contribute to its robust immune response. Enterocytes/columnar cells, the primary absorptive cells, facilitate the immune response through enzyme secretions, while regenerative cells play a crucial role in maintaining midgut integrity by continuously replenishing damaged cells and maintaining the continuity of the immune defense. The peritrophic membrane is vital to the insect's innate immunity, shielding the midgut from pathogens and abrasive food particles. Midgut juice, a mixture of digestive enzymes and antimicrobial factors, further contributes to the insect's immune defense, helping the insect to combat invading pathogens and regulate the midgut microbial community. The cutting-edge single-cell transcriptomics also unveiled previously unrecognized subpopulations within the insect midgut cells and elucidated the striking similarities between the gastrointestinal tracts of insects and higher mammals. Understanding the intricate interplay between midgut cell types provides valuable insights into insect immunity. This review provides a solid foundation for unraveling the complex roles of the midgut, not only in digestion but also in immunity. Moreover, this review will discuss the novel immune strategies led by the midgut employed by insects to combat invading pathogens, ultimately contributing to the broader understanding of insect physiology and defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Lobo-da-Cunha A, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. Editorial: Molecular physiology of invertebrate digestive system. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1304915. [PMID: 37900949 PMCID: PMC10603240 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha
- Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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5
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Mang D, Toyama T, Yamagishi T, Sun J, Purba ER, Endo H, Matthews MM, Ito K, Nagata S, Sato R. Dietary compounds activate an insect gustatory receptor on enteroendocrine cells to elicit myosuppressin secretion. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 155:103927. [PMID: 36871864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of midgut internal contents is important for ensuring appropriate hormonal response and digestion following the ingestion of dietary components. Studies in mammals have demonstrated that taste receptors (TRs), a subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are expressed in gut enteroendocrine cells (EECs) to sense dietary compounds and regulate the production and/or secretion of peptide hormones. Although progress has been made in identifying expression patterns of gustatory receptors (GRs) in gut EECs, it is currently unknown whether these receptors, which act as ligand-gated ion channels, serve similar functions as mammalian GPCR TRs to elicit hormone production and/or secretion. A Bombyx mori Gr, BmGr6, has been demonstrated to express in cells by oral sensory organs, midgut and nervous system; and to sense isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid, which are non-nutritional secondary metabolites of host mulberry. Here, we show that BmGr6 co-expresses with Bommo-myosuppressin (BMS) in midgut EECs, responds to dietary compounds and is involved in regulation of BMS secretion. The presence of dietary compounds in midgut lumen after food intake resulted in an increase of BMS secretions in hemolymph of both wild-type and BmGr9 knockout larvae, but BMS secretions in BmGr6 knockout larvae decreased relative to wild-type. In addition, loss of BmGr6 led to a significant decrease in weight gain, excrement, hemolymph carbohydrates levels and hemolymph lipid levels. Interestingly, although BMS is produced in both midgut EECs and brain neurosecretory cells (NSCs), BMS levels in tissue extracts suggested that the increase in hemolymph BMS during feeding conditions is primarily due to secretion from midgut EECs. Our studies indicate that BmGr6 expressed in midgut EECs responds to the presence of dietary compounds in the lumen by eliciting BMS secretion in B. mori larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingze Mang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Toyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Endang R Purba
- Structural Cellular Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Haruka Endo
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Melissa M Matthews
- Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ito
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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6
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Mang D, Mayu K, Toyama T, Yamagishi T, Sato R. BmGr4 responds to sucrose and glucose and expresses in tachykinin-related peptide-secreting enteroendocrine cells. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 150:103858. [PMID: 36244651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory hormones known as tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) are identified as brain-gut peptides in insects. Dietary components from mulberry leaves, including glucose, induce secretion of TRPs from Bombyx mori midgut. However, the sensory molecules that recognize these compounds are still unknown. Here, we identified the gustatory receptor, BmGr4, as a sucrose and glucose receptor using Ca2+ imaging. Immunostaining revealed BmGr4 expression not only in the midgut, but also in the brain. In addition, BmGr4 expression was found to co-localize with TRP-expressing cells in both midgut enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and brain neurosecretory cells (NSCs). Furthermore, dietary nutrients after food intake result in an increase of TRP-level in hemolymph of silkworm larvae. These results provide significant circumstantial evidence for the involvement of the sucrose and glucose receptor, BmGr4, in the elicitation of TRP secretion in midgut EECs and brain NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingze Mang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kasubuchi Mayu
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyama
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 2-24-16, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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7
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Taghert PH. The incidence of candidate binding sites for β-arrestin in Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275410. [PMID: 36318573 PMCID: PMC9624432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To support studies of neuropeptide neuromodulation, I have studied beta-arrestin binding sites (BBS's) by evaluating the incidence of BBS sequences among the C terminal tails (CTs) of each of the 49 Drosophila melanogaster neuropeptide GPCRs. BBS were identified by matches with a prediction derived from structural analysis of rhodopsin:arrestin and vasopressin receptor: arrestin complexes [1]. To increase the rigor of the identification, I determined the conservation of BBS sequences between two long-diverged species D. melanogaster and D. virilis. There is great diversity in the profile of BBS's in this group of GPCRs. I present evidence for conserved BBS's in a majority of the Drosophila neuropeptide GPCRs; notably some have no conserved BBS sequences. In addition, certain GPCRs display numerous conserved compound BBS's, and many GPCRs display BBS-like sequences in their intracellular loop (ICL) domains as well. Finally, 20 of the neuropeptide GPCRs are expressed as protein isoforms that vary in their CT domains. BBS profiles are typically different across related isoforms suggesting a need to diversify and regulate the extent and nature of GPCR:arrestin interactions. This work provides the initial basis to initiate future in vivo, genetic analyses in Drosophila to evaluate the roles of arrestins in neuropeptide GPCR desensitization, trafficking and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Taghert
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Fang H, Wang X, Liu X, Michaud JP, Wu Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Li Z. Molecular characterization of insulin receptor (IR) in oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and elucidation of its regulatory roles in glucolipid homeostasis and metamorphosis through interaction with miR-982490. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:659-670. [PMID: 35690916 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an intermediate molecule in the Insulin/Insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway (IIS), the insulin receptor (IR) plays vital roles linking nutritional signals to the downstream regulation of metabolic homeostasis, development, metamorphosis, reproduction and stress responses. In the present study, we describe the molecular characteristics of IR in the cosmopolitan fruit boring pest, Grapholita molesta, and its predicted posttranscription regulator miR-982490, and elucidate its regulatory roles in glucolipid homeostasis and metamorphosis. Phylogenetic and domain analyses indicate that lepidopteran IRs normally cluster within families, and that four main domains are conserved in GmIR and those of other Lepidoptera. Bio-informatic prediction, synchronic expression profile evaluation and dual luciferase reporter assays indicated negative regulation of GmIR by miR-982490. Injection of miR-982490 agomir into fifth instar larvae yielded effects similar to dsGmIR injection, resulting in enhanced levels of trehalose and triglyceride in haemolymph, and reduced pupation success and pupal weight, both of which could be rescued by co-injection of dsGmIR and miR-982490 antagomir. We infer that GmIR regulates glucolipid homeostasis and affects G. molesta metamorphosis via interactions with its posttranscriptional regulator miR-982490. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory network of IIS in insect nutritional homeostasis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Fang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaijiang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Pomology, Liaoning, China
| | - Yisong Li
- The College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Holsopple JM, Cook KR, Popodi EM. Enteroendocrine cell expression of split-GAL4 drivers bearing regulatory sequences associated with panneuronally expressed genes in Drosophila melanogaster. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000628. [PMID: 36065255 PMCID: PMC9440388 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster , hormone-secreting enteroendocrine cells are important for communication from the midgut to other tissues. Many lexA, GAL4, and split-GAL4 drivers that direct gene expression in enteroendocrine cells also confer expression in hormone-secreting cells of the central nervous system. This study examines the midgut expression of selected lexA, GAL4, and split-GAL4 transgenes carrying enhancer fragments previously associated with panneuronal gene expression to assess the experimental usefulness of these drivers for distinguishing the endocrine influences of CNS versus midgut cells on physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin R. Cook
- Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana University
,
Correspondence to: Kevin R. Cook (
)
| | - Ellen M. Popodi
- Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center, Department of Biology, Indiana University
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10
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Roller L, Daubnerová I, Mizoguchi A, Satake H, Tanaka Y, Stano M, Klucar L, Žitňan D. Expression analysis of peptidergic enteroendocrine cells in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:385-407. [PMID: 35829810 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (ECs) in the insect midgut respond to physiological changes in the intestine by releasing multiple peptides to control food intake, gastrointestinal activity and systemic metabolism. Here, we performed a comprehensive mapping of ECs producing different regulatory peptides in the larval midgut of Bombyx mori. In total, we identified 20 peptide genes expressed in different ECs in specific regions of the midgut. Transcript-specific in situ hybridisation combined with antibody staining revealed approximately 30 subsets of ECs, each producing a unique peptide or a combination of several different peptides. Functional significance of this diversity and specific roles of different enteroendocrine peptides are largely unknown. Results of this study highlight the importance of the midgut as a major endocrine/paracrine source of regulatory molecules in insects and provide important information to clarify functions of ECs during larval feeding and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Roller
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Daubnerová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Division of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Matej Stano
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Klucar
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Wegener C, Chen J. Allatostatin A Signalling: Progress and New Challenges From a Paradigmatic Pleiotropic Invertebrate Neuropeptide Family. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920529. [PMID: 35812311 PMCID: PMC9263205 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides have gained broad attraction in insect neuroscience and physiology, as new genetic tools are increasingly uncovering their wide-ranging pleiotropic functions with high cellular resolution. Allatostatin A (AstA) peptides constitute one of the best studied insect neuropeptide families. In insects and other panarthropods, AstA peptides qualify as brain-gut peptides and have regained attention with the discovery of their role in regulating feeding, growth, activity/sleep and learning. AstA receptor homologs are found throughout the protostomia and group with vertebrate somatostatin/galanin/kisspeptin receptors. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the evolution and the pleiotropic and cell-specific non-allatostatic functions of AstA. We speculate about the core functions of AstA signalling, and derive open questions and challengesfor future research on AstA and invertebrate neuropeptides in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wegener
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Würzburg Insect Research, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian Wegener,
| | - Jiangtian Chen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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12
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Okamoto N, Watanabe A. Interorgan communication through peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:152-176. [PMID: 35499154 PMCID: PMC9067537 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, endocrine factors such as hormones and cytokines regulate development and homoeostasis through communication between different organs. For understanding such interorgan communications through endocrine factors, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as an excellent model system due to conservation of essential endocrine systems between flies and mammals and availability of powerful genetic tools. In Drosophila and other insects, functions of neuropeptides or peptide hormones from the central nervous system have been extensively studied. However, a series of recent studies conducted in Drosophila revealed that peptide hormones derived from peripheral tissues also play critical roles in regulating multiple biological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and behaviour. Here, we summarise recent advances in understanding target organs/tissues and functions of peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila and describe how these hormones contribute to various biological events through interorgan communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Nässel DR, Wu SF. Cholecystokinin/sulfakinin peptide signaling: conserved roles at the intersection between feeding, mating and aggression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:188. [PMID: 35286508 PMCID: PMC8921109 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are the most diverse messenger molecules in metazoans and are involved in regulation of daily physiology and a wide array of behaviors. Some neuropeptides and their cognate receptors are structurally and functionally well conserved over evolution in bilaterian animals. Among these are peptides related to gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK). In mammals, CCK is produced by intestinal endocrine cells and brain neurons, and regulates gall bladder contractions, pancreatic enzyme secretion, gut functions, satiety and food intake. Additionally, CCK plays important roles in neuromodulation in several brain circuits that regulate reward, anxiety, aggression and sexual behavior. In invertebrates, CCK-type peptides (sulfakinins, SKs) are, with a few exceptions, produced by brain neurons only. Common among invertebrates is that SKs mediate satiety and regulate food ingestion by a variety of mechanisms. Also regulation of secretion of digestive enzymes has been reported. Studies of the genetically tractable fly Drosophila have advanced our understanding of SK signaling mechanisms in regulation of satiety and feeding, but also in gustatory sensitivity, locomotor activity, aggression and reproductive behavior. A set of eight SK-expressing brain neurons plays important roles in regulation of these competing behaviors. In males, they integrate internal state and external stimuli to diminish sex drive and increase aggression. The same neurons also diminish sugar gustation, induce satiety and reduce feeding. Although several functional roles of CCK/SK signaling appear conserved between Drosophila and mammals, available data suggest that the underlying mechanisms differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection/Laboratory of Bio-Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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14
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Bento FMM, Darolt JC, Merlin BL, Penã L, Wulff NA, Cônsoli FL. The molecular interplay of the establishment of an infection - gene expression of Diaphorina citri gut and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:677. [PMID: 34544390 PMCID: PMC8454146 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is one the causative agents of greening disease in citrus, an unccurable, devastating disease of citrus worldwide. CLas is vectored by Diaphorina citri, and the understanding of the molecular interplay between vector and pathogen will provide additional basis for the development and implementation of successful management strategies. We focused in the molecular interplay occurring in the gut of the vector, a major barrier for CLas invasion and colonization. RESULTS We investigated the differential expression of vector and CLas genes by analyzing a de novo reference metatranscriptome of the gut of adult psyllids fed of CLas-infected and healthy citrus plants for 1-2, 3-4 and 5-6 days. CLas regulates the immune response of the vector affecting the production of reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen, and the production of antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, CLas overexpressed peroxiredoxin, probably in a protective manner. The major transcript involved in immune expression was related to melanization, a CLIP-domain serine protease we believe participates in the wounding of epithelial cells damaged during infection, which is supported by the down-regulation of pangolin. We also detected that CLas modulates the gut peristalsis of psyllids through the down-regulation of titin, reducing the elimination of CLas with faeces. The up-regulation of the neuromodulator arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase implies CLas also interferes with the double brain-gut communication circuitry of the vector. CLas colonizes the gut by expressing two Type IVb pilin flp genes and several chaperones that can also function as adhesins. We hypothesized biofilm formation occurs by the expression of the cold shock protein of CLas. CONCLUSIONS The thorough detailed analysis of the transcritome of Ca. L. asiaticus and of D. citri at different time points of their interaction in the gut tissues of the host led to the identification of several host genes targeted for regulation by L. asiaticus, but also bacterial genes coding for potential effector proteins. The identified targets and effector proteins are potential targets for the development of new management strategies directed to interfere with the successful utilization of the psyllid vector by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Moura Manoel Bento
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Josiane Cecília Darolt
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruna Laís Merlin
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Leandro Penã
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nelson Arno Wulff
- Fund for Citrus Protection (FUNDECITRUS), Araraquara, São Paulo 14807-040 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Cônsoli
- Insect Interactions Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900 Brazil
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15
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Hasebe M, Shiga S. Immunoreactive Response of Plast-MIPs to Fasting and Their Functional Role in the Reduction of Hemolymph Reducing Sugars in the Brown-Winged Green Bug, Plautia stali. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:332-342. [PMID: 34342954 DOI: 10.2108/zs200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animals survive nutrient deficiency by controlling their physiology, such as sugar metabolism and energy-consuming developmental events. Although research on the insect neural mechanisms of the starvation-induced modulation has progressed, the mechanisms have not been fully understood due to their complexity. Myoinhibitory peptides are known to be neuropeptides involved in various physiological activities, development, and behavior. Here, we analyzed the responsiveness of Plautia stali myoinhibitory peptides (Plast-MIPs) to starvation and their physiological role in the brown-winged green bug, P. stali. First, we performed immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the response of Plast-MIP neurons in the cephalic ganglion to fasting under long day conditions. Fasting significantly enhanced the immunoreactivity to Plast-MIPs in the pars intercerebralis (PI), which is known to be a brain region related to various endocrine regulations. Next, to analyze the physiological role of Plast-MIPs, we performed RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Plast-Mip and injection of synthetic Plast-MIP in normally fed and fasted females. The knockdown of Plast-Mip did not have significant effects on the body weight or proportions of ovarian development in each feeding condition. On the other hand, the knockdown of Plast-Mip increased the gonadosomatic index of normally fed females whereas it did not have a significant effect on food intake. Notably, the knockdown of Plast-Mip diminished the fasting-induced reduction of hemolymph reducing sugar levels. Additionally, injection of synthetic Plast-MIP acutely decreased the hemolymph reducing sugar level. Our results suggested responsiveness of Plast-MIPs in the PI to fasting and their functional role in reduction of the hemolymph reducing sugar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hasebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan,
| | - Sakiko Shiga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
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16
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Guo X, Lv J, Xi R. The specification and function of enteroendocrine cells in Drosophila and mammals: a comparative review. FEBS J 2021; 289:4773-4796. [PMID: 34115929 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in both invertebrates and vertebrates derive from intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and are scattered along the digestive tract, where they function in sensing various environmental stimuli and subsequently secrete neurotransmitters or neuropeptides to regulate diverse biological and physiological processes. To fulfill these functions, EECs are specified into multiple subtypes that occupy specific gut regions. With advances in single-cell technology, organoid culture experimental systems, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic editing, rapid progress has been made toward characterization of EEC subtypes in mammals. Additionally, studies of genetic model organisms-especially Drosophila melanogaster-have also provided insights about the molecular processes underlying EEC specification from ISCs and about the establishment of diverse EEC subtypes. In this review, we compare the regulation of EEC specification and function in mammals and Drosophila, with a focus on EEC subtype characterization, on how internal and external regulators mediate EEC subtype specification, and on how EEC-mediated intra- and interorgan communications affect gastrointestinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Guo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Lv
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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17
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Ricigliano VA, Anderson KE. Probing the Honey Bee Diet-Microbiota-Host Axis Using Pollen Restriction and Organic Acid Feeding. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050291. [PMID: 32397440 PMCID: PMC7291221 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites are considered important drivers of diet-based microbiota influence on the host, however, mechanistic models are confounded by interactions between diet, microbiota function, and host physiology. The honey bee harbors a simple microbiota that produces organic acids as fermentation products of dietary nectar and pollen, making it a model for gut microbiota research. Herein, we demonstrate that bacterial abundance in the honey bee gut is partially associated with the anterior rectum epithelium. We used dietary pollen restriction and organic acid feeding treatments to obtain information about the role of undigested pollen as a microbiota growth substrate and the impact of bacterial fermentation products on honey bee enteroendocrine signaling. Pollen restriction markedly reduced total and specific bacterial 16S rRNA abundance in the anterior rectum but not in the ileum. Anterior rectum expression levels of bacterial fermentative enzyme gene transcripts (acetate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase) were reduced in association with diet-induced microbiota shifts. To evaluate the effects of fermentative metabolites on host enteroendocrine function, pollen-restricted bees were fed an equimolar mixture of organic acid sodium salts (acetate, lactate, butyrate, formate, and succinate). Organic acid feeding significantly impacted hindgut enteroendocrine signaling gene expression, rescuing some effects of pollen restriction. This was specifically manifested by tissue-dependent expression patterns of neuropeptide F and allatostatin pathways, which are implicated in energy metabolism and feeding behaviors. Our findings provide new insights into the diet-microbiota-host axis in honey bees and may inform future efforts to improve bee health through diet-based microbiota manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A. Ricigliano
- USDA-ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.R.); (K.E.A.)
| | - Kirk E. Anderson
- USDA-ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.R.); (K.E.A.)
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18
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Wu K, Li S, Wang J, Ni Y, Huang W, Liu Q, Ling E. Peptide Hormones in the Insect Midgut. Front Physiol 2020; 11:191. [PMID: 32194442 PMCID: PMC7066369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects produce many peptide hormones that play important roles in regulating growth, development, immunity, homeostasis, stress, and other processes to maintain normal life. As part of the digestive system, the insect midgut is also affected by hormones secreted from the prothoracic gland, corpus allatum, and various neuronal cells; these hormones regulate the secretion and activity of insects’ digestive enzymes and change their feeding behaviors. In addition, the insect midgut produces certain hormones when it recognizes various components or pathogenic bacteria in ingested foods; concurrently, the hormones regulate other tissues and organs. In addition, intestinal symbiotic bacteria can produce hormones that influence insect signaling pathways to promote host growth and development; this interaction is the result of long-term evolution. In this review, the types, functions, and mechanisms of hormones working on the insect midgut, as well as hormones produced therein, are reviewed for future reference in biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Shirong Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Yuyang Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Wuren Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Erjun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Christie AE. Assessment of midgut enteroendocrine peptide complement in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 116:103257. [PMID: 31678581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peptides modulate physiological/behavioral control systems in all animals. In arthropods, midgut epithelial endocrine cells are one of the largest sources of these signaling agents. At present, little is known about the identity of the peptides that form arthropod midgut enteroendocrine peptidomes. While many techniques can be used for peptide structural identification, in silico transcriptome mining is one that has been used extensively for arthropod neuropeptidome prediction; this strategy has yet to be used for large-scale arthropod enteroendocrine peptide discovery. Here, a tissue-specific transcriptome was used to assess putative enteroendocrine peptide complement in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, midgut. Searches for transcripts encoding members of 42 peptide families were conducted, with evidence of expression for 15 groups found in the assembly: adipokinetic hormone, allatostatin A, allatostatin C, bursicon, CCHamide, CNMamide, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, insulin-like peptide, myosuppressin, neuropeptide F, pigment dispersing hormone, pyrokinin, short neuropeptide F, and tachykinin-related peptide. The proteins deduced from the midgut transcripts are identical in sequence, or nearly so, to those of Apis pre/preprohormones deposited previously into NCBI, providing increased confidence in the accuracy of the reported data. Seventy-five peptides were predicted from the deduced precursor proteins, 26 being members of known peptide families. Comparisons to previously published mass spectrometric data support the existence of many of the predicted Apis peptides. This study is the first prediction of an arthropod midgut peptidome using transcriptomics, and provides a powerful new resource for investigating enteroendocrine peptide signaling within/from the Apis midgut, a species of significant ecological/economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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20
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Mahishi D, Huetteroth W. The prandial process in flies. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 36:157-166. [PMID: 31765996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Feeding is fundamental to any heterotroph organism; in its role to quell hunger it overrides most other motivational states. But feeding also literally opens the door to harmful risks, especially for a saprophagous animal like Drosophila; ingestion of poisonous substrate can lead to irreversible damage. Thus feeding incorporates a series of steps with several checkpoints to guarantee that the ingestion remains beneficial and provides a balanced diet, or the feeding process is interrupted. Subsequently, we will summarize and describe the feeding process in Drosophila in a comprehensive manner. We propose eleven distinct steps for feeding, grouped into four categories, to address our current knowledge of prandial regulatory mechanisms in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Mahishi
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Nässel DR, Pauls D, Huetteroth W. Neuropeptides in modulation of Drosophila behavior: how to get a grip on their pleiotropic actions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 36:1-8. [PMID: 31280184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides constitute a large and diverse class of signaling molecules that are produced by many types of neurons, neurosecretory cells, endocrines and other cells. Many neuropeptides display pleiotropic actions either as neuromodulators, co-transmitters or circulating hormones, while some play these roles concurrently. Here, we highlight pleiotropic functions of neuropeptides and different levels of neuropeptide signaling in the brain, from context-dependent orchestrating signaling by higher order neurons, to local executive modulation in specific circuits. Additionally, orchestrating neurons receive peptidergic signals from neurons conveying organismal internal state cues and relay these to executive circuits. We exemplify these levels of signaling with four neuropeptides, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A and leucokinin, each with a specific expression pattern and level of complexity in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dennis Pauls
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Department of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Caccia S, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. The amazing complexity of insect midgut cells: types, peculiarities, and functions. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:505-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Holtof M, Lenaerts C, Cullen D, Vanden Broeck J. Extracellular nutrient digestion and absorption in the insect gut. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 377:397-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Denecke S, Swevers L, Douris V, Vontas J. How do oral insecticidal compounds cross the insect midgut epithelium? INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 103:22-35. [PMID: 30366055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of oral insecticidal molecules (small molecules, peptides, dsRNA) via spray or plant mediated applications represents an efficient way to manage damaging insect species. With the exception of Bt toxins that target the midgut epithelium itself, most of these compounds have targets that lie within the hemocoel (body) of the insect. Because of this, one of the greatest factors in determining the effectiveness of an oral insecticidal compound is its ability to traverse the gut epithelium and enter the hemolymph. However, for many types of insecticidal compounds, neither the pathway taken across the gut nor the specific genes which influence uptake are fully characterized. Here, we review how different types of insecticidal compounds enter or cross the midgut epithelium through passive (diffusion) or active (transporter based, endocytosis) routes. A deeper understanding of how insecticidal molecules cross the gut will help to best utilize current insecticides and also provide for more rational design of future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Ormerod KG, Jung J, Mercier AJ. Modulation of neuromuscular synapses and contraction in Drosophila 3rd instar larvae. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:183-194. [PMID: 30303434 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1502761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, Drosophila melanogaster has become an increasingly important model system for studying the modulation of chemical synapses and muscle contraction by cotransmitters and neurohormones. This review describes how advantages provided by Drosophila have been utilized to investigate synaptic modulation, and it discusses key findings from investigations of cotransmitters and neurohormones that act on body wall muscles of 3rd instar Drosophila larvae. These studies have contributed much to our understanding of how neuromuscular systems are modulated by neuropeptides and biogenic amines, but there are still gaps in relating these peripheral modulatory effects to behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel G Ormerod
- a Department of Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - JaeHwan Jung
- b Department of Biological Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
| | - A Joffre Mercier
- b Department of Biological Sciences , Brock University , St. Catharines , Canada
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26
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Yamagishi T, Endo H, Fukumura K, Nagata S, Hayakawa T, Adegawa S, Kasubuchi M, Sato R. Glucose, some amino acids and a plant secondary metabolite, chlorogenic acid induce the secretion of a regulatory hormone, tachykinin-related peptide, from the silkworm midgut. Peptides 2018; 106:21-27. [PMID: 29933025 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells in the insect midgut are thought to secrete peptide hormones in response to the nutritional state. However, the role of dietary compounds in inducing peptide hormone secretion from enteroendocrine cells in insects remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that several dietary compounds from mulberry leaves, including glucose, amino acids, and the secondary metabolite chlorogenic acid, induced significant secretion of tachykinin-related peptides from isolated silkworm midguts at the luminal concentrations measured in fed larvae. This study provides evidence that the insect midgut senses a non-nutritious secondary metabolite in addition to nutrient metabolites to monitor luminal food status and secretes a feeding regulatory hormone, suggesting that a unique dietary sensory system modulates insect feeding via enteroendocrine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Haruka Endo
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukumura
- Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagata
- Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tohru Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satomi Adegawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mayu Kasubuchi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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27
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Li K, Zhang JH, Yang YJ, Han W, Yin H. Morphology and fine organization of the midgut of Gampsocleis gratiosa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200405. [PMID: 29985965 PMCID: PMC6037380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and ultrastructure of the midgut of Gampsocleis gratiosa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) was examined by light and electron microscopy. The midgut consists of two bulbous gastric caeca and a tubular ventriculus. The general organization of the gastric caeca is similar to that of the ventriculus. They are composed of a peritrophic membrane, an epithelium, a basal lamina and muscle layer from the inside to outside. Three types of cells were identified: regenerative, principal, and endocrine. Regenerative cells occur in groups (called nidi) at the base of principal cells. Principal cells grow from regenerative cells. Rare endocrine cells are scattered throughout the epithelium. Principal cells exhibit intense secretory activity, and regional differences in their ultrastructure were observed along the entire midgut. The microvilli are longer than those in any other region in the posterior region of the midgut. Lysosomes, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), autophagosomes, abundant Golgi apparatuses and lipid droplets primarily occur in the gastric caeca. Three pathways of secretion (merocrine, apocrine and holocrine) occur within the midgut epithelium, and a distinctive type of apocrine bleb was found in the gastric caeca. Therefore, these gastric caeca may be evolving toward a special type of gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
- Modern College of Humanities and Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin-Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Han
- Modern College of Humanities and Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Huan Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Staats S, Lüersen K, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3737-3753. [PMID: 29619822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine , University of Lübeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160 , D-23538 Lübeck , Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
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Nässel DR. Substrates for Neuronal Cotransmission With Neuropeptides and Small Molecule Neurotransmitters in Drosophila. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:83. [PMID: 29651236 PMCID: PMC5885757 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for more than 40 years that individual neurons can produce more than one neurotransmitter and that neuropeptides often are colocalized with small molecule neurotransmitters (SMNs). Over the years much progress has been made in understanding the functional consequences of cotransmission in the nervous system of mammals. There are also some excellent invertebrate models that have revealed roles of coexpressed neuropeptides and SMNs in increasing complexity, flexibility, and dynamics in neuronal signaling. However, for the fly Drosophila there are surprisingly few functional studies on cotransmission, although there is ample evidence for colocalization of neuroactive compounds in neurons of the CNS, based both on traditional techniques and novel single cell transcriptome analysis. With the hope to trigger interest in initiating cotransmission studies, this review summarizes what is known about Drosophila neurons and neuronal circuits where different neuropeptides and SMNs are colocalized. Coexistence of neuroactive substances has been recorded in different neuron types such as neuroendocrine cells, interneurons, sensory cells and motor neurons. Some of the circuits highlighted here are well established in the analysis of learning and memory, circadian clock networks regulating rhythmic activity and sleep, as well as neurons and neuroendocrine cells regulating olfaction, nociception, feeding, metabolic homeostasis, diuretic functions, reproduction, and developmental processes. One emerging trait is the broad role of short neuropeptide F in cotransmission and presynaptic facilitation in a number of different neuronal circuits. This review also discusses the functional relevance of coexisting peptides in the intestine. Based on recent single cell transcriptomics data, it is likely that the neuronal systems discussed in this review are just a fraction of the total set of circuits where cotransmission occurs in Drosophila. Thus, a systematic search for colocalized neuroactive compounds in further neurons in anatomically defined circuits is of interest for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen J, Kim SM, Kwon JY. A Systematic Analysis of Drosophila Regulatory Peptide Expression in Enteroendocrine Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:358-66. [PMID: 27025390 PMCID: PMC4844944 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestive system is gaining interest as a major regulator of various functions including immune defense, nutrient accumulation, and regulation of feeding behavior, aside from its conventional function as a digestive organ. The Drosophila midgut epithelium is completely renewed every 1-2 weeks due to differentiation of pluripotent intestinal stem cells in the midgut. Intestinal stem cells constantly divide and differentiate into enterocytes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients, or enteroendocrine cells that secrete regulatory peptides. Regulatory peptides have important roles in development and metabolism, but study has mainly focused on expression and functions in the nervous system, and not much is known about the roles in endocrine functions of enteroendocrine cells. We systemically examined the expression of 45 regulatory peptide genes in the Drosophila midgut, and verified that at least 10 genes are expressed in the midgut enteroendocrine cells through RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, antisera, and 25 regulatory peptide-GAL transgenes. The Drosophila midgut is highly compartmentalized, and individual peptides in enteroendocrine cells were observed to express in specific regions of the midgut. We also confirmed that some peptides expressed in the same region of the midgut are expressed in mutually exclusive enteroendocrine cells. These results indicate that the midgut enteroendocrine cells are functionally differentiated into different subgroups. Through this study, we have established a basis to study regulatory peptide functions in enteroendocrine cells as well as the complex organization of enteroendocrine cells in the Drosophila midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Seol-min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419,
Korea
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