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Gilbert-Girard S, Piret J, Carbonneau J, Hénaut M, Goyette N, Boivin G. Viral interference between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012017. [PMID: 39038029 PMCID: PMC11293641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Some respiratory viruses can cause a viral interference through the activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway that reduces the replication of another virus. Epidemiological studies of coinfections between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses have been hampered by non-pharmacological measures applied to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the ease of these interventions, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses can now co-circulate. It is thus of prime importance to characterize their interactions. In this work, we investigated viral interference effects between an Omicron variant and a contemporary influenza A/H3N2 strain, in comparison with an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus. We infected nasal human airway epitheliums with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, either simultaneously or 24 h apart. Viral load was measured by RT-qPCR and IFN-α/β/λ1/λ2 proteins were quantified by immunoassay. Expression of four interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; OAS1/IFITM3/ISG15/MxA) was also measured by RT-droplet digital PCR. Additionally, susceptibility of each virus to IFN-α/β/λ2 recombinant proteins was determined. Our results showed that influenza A, and especially A/H3N2, interfered with both SARS-CoV-2 viruses, but that SARS-CoV-2 did not significantly interfere with A/H3N2 or A/H1N1. Consistently with these results, influenza, and particularly the A/H3N2 strain, caused a higher production of IFN proteins and expression of ISGs than SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 induced a marginal IFN production and reduced the IFN response during coinfections with influenza. All viruses were susceptible to exogenous IFNs, with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron being less susceptible to type I and type III IFNs, respectively. Thus, influenza A causes a viral interference towards SARS-CoV-2 most likely through an IFN response. The opposite is not necessarily true, and a concurrent infection with both viruses leads to a lower IFN response. Taken together, these results help us to understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with another major respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocelyne Piret
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Carbonneau
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathilde Hénaut
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Goyette
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Efstathiou C, Zhang Y, Kandwal S, Fayne D, Molloy EJ, Stevenson NJ. Respiratory syncytial virus NS1 inhibits anti-viral Interferon-α-induced JAK/STAT signaling, by limiting the nuclear translocation of STAT1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395809. [PMID: 38938568 PMCID: PMC11208467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory viruses are the most prevalent cause of disease in humans, with the highly infectious RSV being the leading cause of infant bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia. Responses to type I IFNs are the primary defense against viral infection. However, RSV proteins have been shown to antagonize type I IFN-mediated antiviral innate immunity, specifically dampening intracellular IFN signaling. Respiratory epithelial cells are the main target for RSV infection. In this study, we found RSV-NS1 interfered with the IFN-α JAK/STAT signaling pathway of epithelial cells. RSV-NS1 expression significantly enhanced IFN-α-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1, but not pSTAT2; and neither STAT1 nor STAT2 total protein levels were affected by RSV-NS1. However, expression of RSV-NS1 significantly reduced ISRE and GAS promoter activity and anti-viral IRG expression. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated RSV-NS1 bound STAT1, with protein modeling indicating a possible interaction site between STAT1 and RSV-NS1. Nuclear translocation of STAT1 was reduced in the presence of RSV-NS1. Additionally, STAT1's interaction with the nuclear transport adapter protein, KPNA1, was also reduced, suggesting a mechanism by which RSV blocks STAT1 nuclear translocation. Indeed, reducing STAT1's access to the nucleus may explain RSV's suppression of IFN JAK/STAT promoter activation and antiviral gene induction. Taken together these results describe a novel mechanism by which RSV controls antiviral IFN-α JAK/STAT responses, which enhances our understanding of RSV's respiratory disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Efstathiou
- Viral Immunology Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yamei Zhang
- Viral Immunology Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shubhangi Kandwal
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J. Molloy
- Paediatrics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Neonatology, Coombe Women’s and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- Viral Immunology Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hazra B, Das Sarma J. The CD40/CD40 ligand dyad and its downstream effector molecule ISG54 in relating acute neuroinflammation with persistent, progressive demyelination. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:313-331. [PMID: 38116887 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Although Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is primarily thought to be an autoimmune condition, its possible viral etiology must be taken into consideration. When mice are administered neurotropic viruses like mouse hepatitis virus MHV-A59, a murine coronavirus, or its isogenic recombinant strain RSA59, neuroinflammation along with demyelination are observed, which are some of the significant manifestations of MS. MHV-A59/RSA59 induced neuroinflammation is one of the best-studied experimental animal models to understand the viral-induced demyelination concurrent with axonal loss. In this experimental animal model, one of the major immune checkpoint regulators is the CD40-CD40L dyad, which helps in mediating both acute-innate, innate-adaptive, and chronic-adaptive immune responses. Hence, they are essential in reducing acute neuroinflammation and chronic progressive adaptive demyelination. While CD40 is expressed on antigen-presenting cells and endothelial cells, CD40L is expressed primarily on activated T cells and during severe inflammation on NK cells and mast cells. Experimental evidences revealed that genetic deficiency of both these proteins can lead to deleterious effects in an individual. On the other hand, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) possess potent antiviral properties and directly or indirectly alter acute neuroinflammation. In this review, we will discuss the role of an ISG, ISG54, and its tetratricopeptide repeat protein Ifit2; the genetic and experimental studies on the role of CD40 and CD40L in a virus-induced neuroinflammatory demyelination model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Hazra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Baid K, Irving AT, Jouvenet N, Banerjee A. The translational potential of studying bat immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:188-197. [PMID: 38453577 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecular studies in bats have led to the discovery of antiviral adaptations that may explain how some bat species have evolved enhanced immune tolerance towards viruses. Accumulating data suggest that some bat species have also evolved remarkable features of longevity and low rates of cancer. Furthermore, recent research strongly suggests that discovering immune adaptations in bat models can be translated to develop immune modulators and recognize alternate therapeutic strategies for diseases affecting humans. We posit that research in bat immunology will lead to discoveries that can potentially be translated to improve health outcomes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Baid
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Aaron T Irving
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Studies, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China; BIMET - Biomedical and Health Translational Research Centre of Zhejiang Province; College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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5
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Kirby EN, Montin XB, Allen TP, Densumite J, Trowbridge BN, Beard MR. CRISPR activation as a platform to identify interferon stimulated genes with anti-viral function. Innate Immun 2024; 30:40-54. [PMID: 38258394 PMCID: PMC11165661 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231225611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon Stimulated Gene (ISG) expression plays a key role in the control of viral replication and development of a robust adaptive response. Understanding this dynamic relationship between the pathogen and host is critical to our understanding of viral life-cycles and development of potential novel anti-viral strategies. Traditionally, plasmid based exogenous prompter driven expression of ISGs has been used to investigate anti-viral ISG function, however there are deficiencies in this approach. To overcome this, we investigated the utility of CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), which allows for targeted transcriptional activation of a gene from its endogenous promoter. Using the CRISPRa-SAM system to induce targeted expression of a panel of anti-viral ISGs we showed robust induction of mRNA and protein expression. We then employed our CRISPRa-SAM ISG panel in several antiviral screen formats to test for the ability of ISGs to prevent viral induced cytopathic cell death (CPE) and replication of Dengue Virus (DENV), Zika Virus (ZIKV), West Nile Virus Kunjin (WNVKUN), Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E). Our CRISPRa approach confirmed the anti-viral activity of ISGs like IFI6, IFNβ and IFNλ2 that prevented viral induced CPE, which was supported by high-content immunofluorescence imaging analysis. This work highlights CRISPRa as a rapid, agile, and powerful methodology to identify and characterise ISGs and viral restriction factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Kirby
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xavier B. Montin
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Allen
- Discipline of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jaslan Densumite
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Brooke N. Trowbridge
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael R. Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Cao Z, Liu C, Peng C, Ran Y, Yao Y, Xiao G, Li E, Chen Z, Chuai X, Chiu S. Ebola virus VP35 perturbs type I interferon signaling to facilitate viral replication. Virol Sin 2023; 38:922-930. [PMID: 37839549 PMCID: PMC10786653 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the deadliest viruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) causes lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates. The suppression of innate immunity leads to robust systemic virus replication of EBOV, leading to enhanced transmission. However, the mechanism of EBOV-host interaction is not fully understood. Here, we identified multiple dysregulated genes in early stage of EBOV infection through transcriptomic analysis, which are highly clustered to Jak-STAT signaling. EBOV VP35 and VP30 were found to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Moreover, exogenous expression of VP35 blocks the phosphorylation of endogenous STAT1, and suppresses nuclear translocation of STAT1. Using serial truncated mutations of VP35, N-terminal 1-220 amino acid residues of VP35 were identified to be essential for blocking on type I IFN signaling. Remarkably, VP35 of EBOV suppresses type I IFN signaling more efficiently than those of Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) and Marburg virus (MARV), resulting in stable replication to facilitate the pathogenesis. Altogether, this study enriches understanding on EBOV evasion of innate immune response, and provides insights into the interplay between filoviruses and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430020, China
| | - Yong Ran
- National Biosafety Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430020, China
| | - Yulin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xia Chuai
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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7
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Shi H, Yu X, Cheng G. Impact of the microbiome on mosquito-borne diseases. Protein Cell 2023; 14:743-761. [PMID: 37186167 PMCID: PMC10599646 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases present a significant threat to human health, with the possibility of outbreaks of new mosquito-borne diseases always looming. Unfortunately, current measures to combat these diseases such as vaccines and drugs are often either unavailable or ineffective. However, recent studies on microbiomes may reveal promising strategies to fight these diseases. In this review, we examine recent advances in our understanding of the effects of both the mosquito and vertebrate microbiomes on mosquito-borne diseases. We argue that the mosquito microbiome can have direct and indirect impacts on the transmission of these diseases, with mosquito symbiotic microorganisms, particularly Wolbachia bacteria, showing potential for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Moreover, the skin microbiome of vertebrates plays a significant role in mosquito preferences, while the gut microbiome has an impact on the progression of mosquito-borne diseases in humans. As researchers continue to explore the role of microbiomes in mosquito-borne diseases, we highlight some promising future directions for this field. Ultimately, a better understanding of the interplay between mosquitoes, their hosts, pathogens, and the microbiomes of mosquitoes and hosts may hold the key to preventing and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicheng Shi
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Bakakos A, Sotiropoulou Z, Vontetsianos A, Zaneli S, Papaioannou AI, Bakakos P. Epidemiology and Immunopathogenesis of Virus Associated Asthma Exacerbations. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:1025-1040. [PMID: 37791040 PMCID: PMC10543746 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s277455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common airway disease, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although most asthma patients experience mild symptoms, it is characterized by variable airflow limitation, which can occasionally become life threatening in the case of a severe exacerbation. The commonest triggers of asthma exacerbations in both children and adults are viral infections. In this review article, we will try to investigate the most common viruses triggering asthma exacerbations and their role in asthma immunopathogenesis, since viral infections in young adults are thought to trigger the development of asthma either right away after the infection or at a later stage of their life. The commonest viral pathogens associated with asthma include the respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoviruses, influenza and parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus and coronaviruses. All these viruses exploit different molecular pathways to infiltrate the host. Asthmatics are more prone to severe viral infections due to their unique inflammatory response, which is mostly characterized by T2 cytokines. Unlike the normal T1 high response to viral infection, asthmatics with T2 high inflammation are less potent in containing a viral infection. Inhaled and/or systematic corticosteroids and bronchodilators remain the cornerstone of asthma exacerbation treatment, and although many targeted therapies which block molecules that viruses use to infect the host have been used in a laboratory level, none has been yet approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, further understanding of the unique pathway that each virus follows to infect an individual may be crucial in the development of targeted therapies for the commonest viral pathogens to effectively prevent asthma exacerbations. Finally, biologic therapies resulted in a complete change of scenery in the treatment of severe asthma, especially with a T2 high phenotype. All available data suggest that monoclonal antibodies are safe and able to drastically reduce the rate of viral asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agamemnon Bakakos
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Zoi Sotiropoulou
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Angelos Vontetsianos
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Stavroula Zaneli
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Andriana I Papaioannou
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st University Department of Respiratory Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
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Jung KI, McKenna S, Vijayamahantesh V, He Y, Hahm B. Protective versus Pathogenic Type I Interferon Responses during Virus Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:1916. [PMID: 37766322 PMCID: PMC10538102 DOI: 10.3390/v15091916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following virus infections, type I interferons are synthesized to induce the expression of antiviral molecules and interfere with virus replication. The importance of early antiviral type I IFN response against virus invasion has been emphasized during COVID-19 as well as in studies on the microbiome. Further, type I IFNs can directly act on various immune cells to enhance protective host immune responses to viral infections. However, accumulating data indicate that IFN responses can be harmful to the host by instigating inflammatory responses or inducing T cell suppression during virus infections. Also, inhibition of lymphocyte and dendritic cell development can be caused by type I IFN, which is independent of the traditional signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling. Additionally, IFNs were shown to impair airway epithelial cell proliferation, which may affect late-stage lung tissue recovery from the infection. As such, type I IFN-virus interaction research is diverse, including host antiviral innate immune mechanisms in cells, viral strategies of IFN evasion, protective immunity, excessive inflammation, immune suppression, and regulation of tissue repair. In this report, these IFN activities are summarized with an emphasis placed on the functions of type I IFNs recently observed during acute or chronic virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery & Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (K.I.J.); (S.M.); (V.V.); (Y.H.)
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da Silva RP, Thomé BL, da Souza APD. Exploring the Immune Response against RSV and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1223. [PMID: 37759622 PMCID: PMC10525162 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are a significant public health concern, particularly in children. RSV is a prominent cause of lower respiratory tract infections among infants, whereas SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with lower overall severity in children than in adults. In this review, we aimed to compare the innate and adaptive immune responses induced by RSV and SARS-CoV-2 to better understand differences in the pathogenesis of infection. Some studies have demonstrated that children present a more robust immune response against SARS-CoV-2 than adults; however, this response is dissimilar to that of RSV. Each virus has a distinctive mechanism to escape the immune response. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these differences is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving the management of pediatric respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Paula Duarte da Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil; (R.P.d.S.); (B.L.T.)
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11
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Gao Z, Meng Z, He X, Chen G, Fang Y, Tian H, Zhang H, Jing Z. Guanylate-Binding Protein 2 Exerts GTPase-Dependent Anti-Ectromelia Virus Effect. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2258. [PMID: 37764102 PMCID: PMC10534507 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are highly expressed interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that play significant roles in protecting against invading pathogens. Although their functions in response to RNA viruses have been extensively investigated, there is limited information available regarding their role in DNA viruses, particularly poxviruses. Ectromelia virus (ECTV), a member of the orthopoxvirus genus, is a large double-stranded DNA virus closely related to the monkeypox virus and variola virus. It has been intensively studied as a highly effective model virus. According to the study, GBP2 overexpression suppresses ECTV replication in a dose-dependent manner, while GBP2 knockdown promotes ECTV infection. Additionally, it was discovered that GBP2 primarily functions through its N-terminal GTPase activity, and the inhibitory effect of GBP2 was disrupted in the GTP-binding-impaired mutant GBP2K51A. This study is the first to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of GBP2 on ECTV, and it offers insights into innovative antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zejing Meng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huihui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Z.G.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (Y.F.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
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12
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McDougal MB, De Maria AM, Ohlson MB, Kumar A, Xing C, Schoggins JW. Interferon inhibits a model RNA virus via a limited set of inducible effector genes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56901. [PMID: 37497756 PMCID: PMC10481653 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons control viral infection by inducing the expression of antiviral effector proteins encoded by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The field has mostly focused on identifying individual antiviral ISG effectors and defining their mechanisms of action. However, fundamental gaps in knowledge about the interferon response remain. For example, it is not known how many ISGs are required to protect cells from a particular virus, though it is theorized that numerous ISGs act in concert to achieve viral inhibition. Here, we used CRISPR-based loss-of-function screens to identify a markedly limited set of ISGs that confer interferon-mediated suppression of a model alphavirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). We show via combinatorial gene targeting that three antiviral effectors-ZAP, IFIT3, and IFIT1-together constitute the majority of interferon-mediated restriction of VEEV, while accounting for < 0.5% of the interferon-induced transcriptome. Together, our data suggest a refined model of the antiviral interferon response in which a small subset of "dominant" ISGs may confer the bulk of the inhibition of a given virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B McDougal
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Anthony M De Maria
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Maikke B Ohlson
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Bioinformatics Core, McDermott CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Chao Xing
- Bioinformatics Core, McDermott CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
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13
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Kaur R, Tada T, Landau NR. Restriction of SARS-CoV-2 replication by receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4). mBio 2023; 14:e0109023. [PMID: 37382452 PMCID: PMC10470548 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01090-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is subject to restriction by several interferon-inducible host proteins. To identify novel factors that limit replication of the virus, we tested a panel of genes that we found were induced by interferon treatment of primary human monocytes by RNA sequencing. Further analysis showed that one of the several candidates genes tested, receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4), that had previously been shown to restrict flavivirus replication, prevented the replication of the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Human RTP4 blocked the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in susceptible ACE2.CHME3 cells and was active against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. The protein prevented the synthesis of viral RNA, resulting in the absence of detectable viral protein synthesis. RTP4 bound the viral genomic RNA and the binding was dependent on the conserved zinc fingers in the amino-terminal domain. Expression of the protein was strongly induced in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice although the mouse homolog was inactive against the virus, suggesting that the protein is active against another virus that remains to be identified. IMPORTANCE The rapid spread of a pathogen of human coronavirus (HCoV) family member, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), around the world has led to a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic spread highlights the need for rapid identification of new broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drugs and screening of antiviral host factors capable of inhibiting coronavirus infection. In the present work, we identify and characterize receptor transporter protein 4 (RTP4) as a host restriction factor that restricts coronavirus infection. We examined the antiviral role of hRTP4 toward the coronavirus family members including HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. Molecular and biochemical analysis showed that hRTP4 binds to the viral RNA and targets the replication phase of viral infection and is associated with reduction of nucleocapsid protein. Significant higher levels of ISGs were observed in SARS-CoV-2 mouse model, suggesting the role of RTP4 in innate immune regulation in coronavirus infection. The identification of RTP4 reveals a potential target for therapy against coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanjit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel Roy Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Yin H, Li S, Chai C, Zhang F, Ma Y, Wu Y, Fu C, Diao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Niu R, Wang W. Biological activity of recombinant bovine IFN-α and inhibitory effect on BVDV in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023:106155. [PMID: 37301331 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferon has great broad-spectrum antiviral ability and immunomodulatory function, and its receptors are expressed in almost all types of cells. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen causing significant economic losses in cattle. In this study, a recombinant expression plasmid carrying bovine interferon-α(BoIFN-α)gene was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. SDS-PAGE and Westernblotting analysis showed that the recombinant BoIFN-α protein (rBoIFN-α) was successfully expressed. It is about 36KD and exists in the form of inclusion body. When denatured, purified and renatured rBoIFN-α protein stimulated MDBK cells, the expression of interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) such as ISG15, OAS1, IFIT1, Mx1 and IFITM1 were significantly up-regulated, and reached the peak at 12 h (P< 0.001). MDBK cells were infected with BVDV with moi of 0.1 and 1.0, respectively. The virus proliferation was observed after pretreatment with rBoIFN-α protein and post-infection treatment. The results showed that the denatured, purified and renatured BoIFN-α protein had good biological activity and could inhibit the replication of BVDV in MDBK cells in vitro, which provided a basis for BoIFN-α as an antiviral drug, immune enhancer and clinical application of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Chunxia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China; Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China; Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Youzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Cun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yun Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China.
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15
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MacCann R, Leon AAG, Gonzalez G, Carr MJ, Feeney ER, Yousif O, Cotter AG, de Barra E, Sadlier C, Doran P, Mallon PW. Dysregulated early transcriptional signatures linked to mast cell and interferon responses are implicated in COVID-19 severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166574. [PMID: 37261339 PMCID: PMC10229044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are thought to underlie the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to severe disease. We sought to determine whether early host immune-related gene expression could predict clinical progression to severe disease. Methods We analysed the expression of 579 immunological genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken early after symptom onset using the NanoString nCounter and compared SARS-CoV-2 negative controls with SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects with mild (SARS+ Mild) and Moderate/Severe disease to evaluate disease outcomes. Biobanked plasma samples were also assessed for type I (IFN-α2a and IFN-β), type II (IFN-γ) and type III (IFN-λ1) interferons (IFNs) as well as 10 additional cytokines using multiplex immunoassays. Results We identified 19 significantly deregulated genes in 62 SARS-CoV-2 positive subject samples within 5 days of symptom onset and 58 SARS-CoV-2 negative controls and found that type I interferon (IFN) signalling (MX1, IRF7, IFITM1, IFI35, STAT2, IRF4, PML, BST2, STAT1) and genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, TNFSF4, PTGS2 and IL1B) were upregulated in both SARS+ groups. Moreover, we found that FCER1, involved in mast cell activation, was upregulated in the SARS+ Mild group but significantly downregulated in the SARS+ Moderate/Severe group. In both SARS+ groups we discovered elevated interferon type I IFN-α2a, type II IFN and type III IFN λ1 plasma levels together with higher IL-10 and IL-6. These results indicate that those with moderate or severe disease are characterised by deficiencies in a mast cell response together with IFN hyper-responsiveness, suggesting that early host antiviral immune responses could be a cause and not a consequence of severe COVID-19. Conclusions This study suggests that early host immune responses linking defects in mast cell activation with host interferon responses correlates with more severe outcomes in COVID-19. Further characterisation of this pathway could help inform better treatment for vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel MacCann
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers, Hokkaido University, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michael J. Carr
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Eoin R. Feeney
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Obada Yousif
- Endocrinology Department, Wexford General Hospital, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Aoife G. Cotter
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoghan de Barra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Corinna Sadlier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Doran
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W. Mallon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Labzin LI, Chew KY, Eschke K, Wang X, Esposito T, Stocks CJ, Rae J, Patrick R, Mostafavi H, Hill B, Yordanov TE, Holley CL, Emming S, Fritzlar S, Mordant FL, Steinfort DP, Subbarao K, Nefzger CM, Lagendijk AK, Gordon EJ, Parton RG, Short KR, Londrigan SL, Schroder K. Macrophage ACE2 is necessary for SARS-CoV-2 replication and subsequent cytokine responses that restrict continued virion release. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabq1366. [PMID: 37098119 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key cellular contributors to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 is present only on a subset of macrophages at sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Here, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 can enter macrophages, replicate, and release new viral progeny; whether macrophages need to sense a replicating virus to drive cytokine release; and, if so, whether ACE2 is involved in these mechanisms. We found that SARS-CoV-2 could enter, but did not replicate within, ACE2-deficient human primary macrophages and did not induce proinflammatory cytokine expression. By contrast, ACE2 overexpression in human THP-1-derived macrophages permitted SARS-CoV-2 entry, processing and replication, and virion release. ACE2-overexpressing THP-1 macrophages sensed active viral replication and triggered proinflammatory, antiviral programs mediated by the kinase TBK-1 that limited prolonged viral replication and release. These findings help elucidate the role of ACE2 and its absence in macrophage responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Labzin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keng Yih Chew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kathrin Eschke
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tyron Esposito
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Claudia J Stocks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Helen Mostafavi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Brittany Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Teodor E Yordanov
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Caroline L Holley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan Emming
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel P Steinfort
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne K Lagendijk
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emma J Gordon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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17
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You AB, Yang H, Lai CP, Lei W, Yang L, Lin JL, Liu SC, Ding N, Ye F. CMTR1 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth and immune evasion by transcriptionally regulating STAT3. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:245. [PMID: 37024465 PMCID: PMC10079662 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
CMTR1, also called IFN-stimulated gene 95 kDa protein (ISG95), is elevated by viral infection in a variety of cells. However, the functions of CMTR1 in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially its roles in tumorigenesis and immune regulation, remain unclear. Here, we first identified CMTR1 as a novel oncogene in colorectal cancer. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database exploration and human tissue microarray (TMA) analysis, we found that CMTR1 expression was markedly higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. High CMTR1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Knockdown (KD) of CMTR1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of CMTR1 resulted in the opposite effects. KEGG pathway analysis revealed differential enrichment in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells with CMTR1 KD. Mechanistically, suppression of CMTR1 expression inhibited RNAPII recruitment to the transcription start site (TSS) of STAT3 and suppressed STAT3 expression and activation. Furthermore, the efficacy of PD1 blockade immunotherapy was prominently enhanced in the presence of CMTR1 KD via increased infiltration of CD8 + T cells into the tumor microenvironment. Overall, it appears that CMTR1 plays a key role in regulating tumor cell proliferation and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Bin You
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Chun-Ping Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jia-Lin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shun-Cui Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Nan Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug Transformation Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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18
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Feng C, Jin C, Liu K, Yang Z. Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids: Their role and mechanisms in viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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19
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Bühler M, Li D, Li L, Runft S, Waltl I, Pavlou A, Kalinke U, Ciurkiewicz M, Huehn J, Floess S, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Gerhauser I. IFNAR signaling of neuroectodermal cells is essential for the survival of C57BL/6 mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:58. [PMID: 36872323 PMCID: PMC9985866 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes encephalitis followed by chronic demyelination in SJL mice and spontaneous seizures in C57BL/6 mice. Since earlier studies indicated a critical role of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in the control of viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS), mouse strain-specific differences in pathways induced by the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) might determine the outcome of TMEV infection. METHODS Data of RNA-seq analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the gene and protein expression of IFN-I signaling pathway members between mock- and TMEV-infected SJL and C57BL/6 mice at 4, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). To address the impact of IFNAR signaling in selected brain-resident cell types, conditional knockout mice with an IFNAR deficiency in cells of the neuroectodermal lineage (NesCre±IFNARfl/fl), neurons (Syn1Cre±IFNARfl/fl), astrocytes (GFAPCre±IFNARfl/fl), and microglia (Sall1CreER±IFNARfl/fl) on a C57BL/6 background were tested. PCR and an immunoassay were used to quantify TMEV RNA and cytokine and chemokine expression in their brain at 4 dpi. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of most ISGs in SJL and C57BL/6 mice, but Ifi202b mRNA transcripts were only increased in SJL and Trim12a only in C57BL/6 mice. Immunohistochemistry showed minor differences in ISG expression (ISG15, OAS, PKR) between both mouse strains. While all immunocompetent Cre-negative control mice and the majority of mice with IFNAR deficiency in neurons or microglia survived until 14 dpi, lack of IFNAR expression in all cells (IFNAR-/-), neuroectodermal cells, or astrocytes induced lethal disease in most of the analyzed mice, which was associated with unrestricted viral replication. NesCre±IFNARfl/fl mice showed more Ifnb1, Tnfa, Il6, Il10, Il12b and Ifng mRNA transcripts than Cre-/-IFNARfl/fl mice. IFNAR-/- mice also demonstrated increased IFN-α, IFN-β, IL1-β, IL-6, and CXCL-1 protein levels, which highly correlated with viral load. CONCLUSIONS Ifi202b and Trim12a expression levels likely contribute to mouse strain-specific susceptibility to TMEV-induced CNS lesions. Restriction of viral replication is strongly dependent on IFNAR signaling of neuroectodermal cells, which also controls the expression of key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during viral brain infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bühler
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany.,c/o School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Sandra Runft
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Inken Waltl
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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McDougal MB, De Maria AM, Ohlson MB, Kumar A, Xing C, Schoggins JW. Interferon inhibits a model RNA virus via a limited set of inducible effector genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529297. [PMID: 36865157 PMCID: PMC9980057 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Interferons control viral infection by inducing the expression of antiviral effector proteins encoded by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The field has mostly focused on identifying individual antiviral ISG effectors and defining their mechanisms of action. However, fundamental gaps in knowledge about the interferon response remain. For example, it is not known how many ISGs are required to protect cells from a particular virus, though it is theorized that numerous ISGs act in concert to achieve viral inhibition. Here, we used CRISPR-based loss-of-function screens to identify a markedly limited set of ISGs that confer interferon-mediated suppression of a model alphavirus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV). We show via combinatorial gene targeting that three antiviral effectors - ZAP, IFIT3, and IFIT1 - together constitute the majority of interferon-mediated restriction of VEEV, while accounting for less than 0.5% of the interferon-induced transcriptome. Together, our data suggests a refined model of the antiviral interferon response in which a small subset of "dominant" ISGs may confer the bulk of the inhibition of a given virus.
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21
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ADP-Ribosylation in Antiviral Innate Immune Response. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020303. [PMID: 36839575 PMCID: PMC9964302 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). ARTs transfer one or more ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to the target substrate and release the nicotinamide (Nam). Accordingly, it comes in two forms: mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) and poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). ADP-ribosylation plays important roles in many biological processes, such as DNA damage repair, gene regulation, and energy metabolism. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ADP-ribosylation is implicated in host antiviral immune activity. Here, we summarize and discuss ADP-ribosylation modifications that occur on both host and viral proteins and their roles in host antiviral response.
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22
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The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 cleaves histone deacetylases and DCP1A, attenuating the immune defense of the interferon-stimulated genes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102990. [PMID: 36758802 PMCID: PMC9907797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019, constitutes an emerging human pathogen of zoonotic origin. A critical role in protecting the host against invading pathogens is carried out by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the primary effectors of the type I interferon (IFN) response. All coronaviruses studied thus far have to first overcome the inhibitory effects of the IFN/ISG system before establishing efficient viral replication. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 evades IFN antiviral immunity by manipulating ISG activation remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) significantly suppresses the expression and transcription of downstream ISGs driven by IFN-stimulated response elements in a dose-dependent manner, and similar negative regulations were observed in two mammalian epithelial cell lines (simian Vero E6 and human A549). Our analysis shows that to inhibit the ISG production, Mpro cleaves histone deacetylases (HDACs) rather than directly targeting IFN signal transducers. Interestingly, Mpro also abolishes the activity of ISG effector mRNA-decapping enzyme 1a (DCP1A) by cleaving it at residue Q343. In addition, Mpro from different genera of coronaviruses has the protease activity to cleave both HDAC2 and DCP1A, even though the alphacoronaviruse Mpro exhibits weaker catalytic activity in cleaving HDAC2. In conclusion, our findings clearly demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 Mpro constitutes a critical anti-immune effector that modulates the IFN/ISG system at multiple levels, thus providing a novel molecular explanation for viral immune evasion and allowing for new therapeutic approaches against coronavirus disease 2019 infection.
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23
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Ren X, Wang D, Zhang G, Zhou T, Wei Z, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Lei X, Tao W, Wang A, Li M, Flavell RA, Zhu S. Nucleic DHX9 cooperates with STAT1 to transcribe interferon-stimulated genes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5005. [PMID: 36735791 PMCID: PMC9897671 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA helicase DHX9 has been extensively characterized as a transcriptional regulator, which is consistent with its mostly nucleic localization. It is also involved in recognizing RNA viruses in the cytoplasm. However, there is no in vivo data to support the antiviral role of DHX9; meanwhile, as a nuclear protein, if and how nucleic DHX9 promotes antiviral immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we generated myeloid-specific and hepatocyte-specific DHX9 knockout mice and confirmed that DHX9 is crucial for host resistance to RNA virus infections in vivo. By additional knockout MAVS or STAT1 in DHX9-deficient mice, we demonstrated that nucleic DHX9 plays a positive role in regulating interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression downstream of type I interferon. Mechanistically, upon interferon stimulation, DHX9 is directly bound to STAT1 and recruits Pol II to the ISG promoter region to participate in STAT1-mediated transcription of ISGs. Collectively, these findings uncover an important role for nucleic DHX9 in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Ren
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510145 Guangzhou, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tingyue Zhou
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yunjiang Zheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xuqiu Lei
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wanyin Tao
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Anmin Wang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510145 Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Digestive Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
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24
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How Different Pathologies Are Affected by IFIT Expression. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020342. [PMID: 36851555 PMCID: PMC9963598 DOI: 10.3390/v15020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The type-I interferon (IFN) system represents the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Recognition of the virus initiates complex signaling pathways that result in the transcriptional induction of IFNs, which are then secreted. Secreted IFNs stimulate nearby cells and result in the production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines and antiviral factors. Of particular note, IFN-induced tetratricopeptide repeat (IFIT) proteins have been thoroughly studied because of their antiviral activity against different viral pathogens. Although classically studied as an antiviral protein, IFIT expression has recently been investigated in the context of nonviral pathologies, such as cancer and sepsis. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), IFIT1 and IFIT3 promote metastasis, while IFIT2 exhibits the opposite effect. The role of IFIT proteins during bacterial/fungal sepsis is still under investigation, with studies showing conflicting roles for IFIT2 in disease severity. In the setting of viral sepsis, IFIT proteins play a key role in clearing viral infection. As a result, many viral pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, employ mechanisms to inhibit the type-I IFN system and promote viral replication. In cancers that are characterized by upregulated IFIT proteins, medications that decrease IFIT expression may reduce metastasis and improve survival rates. Likewise, in cases of viral sepsis, therapeutics that increase IFIT expression may improve viral clearance and reduce the risk of septic shock. By understanding the effect of IFIT proteins in different pathologies, novel therapeutics can be developed to halt disease progression.
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25
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Park JW, Ndimukaga M, So J, Kim S, Truong AD, Tran HTT, Dang HV, Song KD. Molecular analysis of chicken interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 gene and transcriptional regulation. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:183-196. [PMID: 37093904 PMCID: PMC10119460 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha inducible protein 6 (IFI6) is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), belonging to the FAM14 family of proteins and is localized in the mitochondrial membrane, where it plays a role in apoptosis. Transcriptional regulation of this gene is poorly understood in the context of inflammation by intracellular nucleic acid-sensing receptors and pathological conditions caused by viral infection. In this study, chicken IFI6 (chIFI6) was identified and studied for its molecular features and transcriptional regulation in chicken cells and tissues, i.e., lungs, spleens, and tracheas from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV)-infected chickens. The chIFI6-coding sequences contained 1638 nucleotides encoding 107 amino acids in three exons, whereas the duck IFI6-coding sequences contained 495 nucleotides encoding 107 amino acids. IFI6 proteins from chickens, ducks, and quail contain an IF6/IF27-like superfamily domain. Expression of chIFI6 was higher in HPAIV-infected White Leghorn chicken lungs, spleens, and tracheas than in mock-infected controls. TLR3 signals regulate the transcription of chIFI6 in chicken DF-1 cells via the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways, indicating that multiple signaling pathways differentially contribute to the transcription of chIFI6. Further research is needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying IFI6 transcription, as well as the involvement of chIFI6 in the pathogenesis of HPAIV in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Marc Ndimukaga
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jaerung So
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sujung Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Vietnam National Institute of Veterinary
Research, Ha Noi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Tran
- Vietnam National Institute of Veterinary
Research, Ha Noi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Vu Dang
- Vietnam National Institute of Veterinary
Research, Ha Noi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding
Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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26
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Pinapati KK, Tandon R, Tripathi P, Srivastava N. Recent advances to overcome the burden of Japanese encephalitis: A zoonotic infection with problematic early detection. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2383. [PMID: 35983697 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne neurotropic disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) associated with high mortality rate distributed from Eastern and Southern Asia to Northern Queensland (Australia). The challenges in early detection and lack of point-of-care biomarkers make it the most important Flavivirus causing encephalitis. There is no specific treatment for the disease, although vaccines are licenced. In this review, we focussed on point-of-care biomarkers as early detection tools and developing the effective therapeutic agents that could halt JE. We have also provided molecular details of JEV, disease progression, and its pathogenesis with recent findings which might bring insights to overcome the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Pinapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Uttra Pradesh, India
| | - Reetika Tandon
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Uttra Pradesh, India
| | - Pratima Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Uttra Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, Uttra Pradesh, India
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27
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Tabtieng T, Lent RC, Kaku M, Monago Sanchez A, Gaglia MM. Caspase-Mediated Regulation and Cellular Heterogeneity of the cGAS/STING Pathway in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection. mBio 2022; 13:e0244622. [PMID: 36255240 PMCID: PMC9765453 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the ongoing virus-host arms race, viruses have evolved numerous immune subversion strategies, many of which are aimed at suppressing the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Apoptotic caspases have recently emerged as important regulators of type I IFN signaling both in noninfectious contexts and during viral infection. Despite being widely considered antiviral factors since they can trigger cell death, several apoptotic caspases promote viral replication by suppressing innate immune response. Indeed, we previously discovered that the AIDS-associated oncogenic gammaherpesvirus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) exploits caspase activity to suppress the antiviral type I IFN response and promote viral replication. However, the mechanism of this novel viral immune evasion strategy is poorly understood, particularly with regard to how caspases antagonize IFN signaling during KSHV infection. Here, we show that caspase activity inhibits the DNA sensor cGAS during KSHV lytic replication to block type I IFN induction. Furthermore, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal that the potent antiviral state conferred by caspase inhibition is mediated by an exceptionally small percentage of IFN-β-producing cells, thus uncovering further complexity of IFN regulation during viral infection. Collectively, these results provide insight into multiple levels of cellular type I IFN regulation that viruses co-opt for immune evasion. Unraveling these mechanisms can inform targeted therapeutic strategies for viral infections and reveal cellular mechanisms of regulating interferon signaling in the context of cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. IMPORTANCE Type I interferons are key factors that dictate the outcome of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Thus, intricate cellular regulatory mechanisms are in place to control IFN responses. While viruses encode their own immune-regulatory proteins, they can also usurp existing cellular interferon regulatory functions. We found that caspase activity during lytic infection with the AIDS-associated oncogenic gammaherpesvirus Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus inhibits the DNA sensor cGAS to block the antiviral type I IFN response. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing analyses unexpectedly revealed that an exceptionally small subset of infected cells (<5%) produce IFN, yet this is sufficient to confer a potent antiviral state. These findings reveal new aspects of type I IFN regulation and highlight caspases as a druggable target to modulate cGAS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tate Tabtieng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Biochemistry, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel C. Lent
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Machika Kaku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Immunology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvaro Monago Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Maria Gaglia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Biochemistry, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Immunology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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28
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Lista MJ, Winstone H, Wilson HD, Dyer A, Pickering S, Galao RP, De Lorenzo G, Cowton VM, Furnon W, Suarez N, Orton R, Palmarini M, Patel AH, Snell L, Nebbia G, Swanson C, Neil SJD. The P681H Mutation in the Spike Glycoprotein of the Alpha Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Escapes IFITM Restriction and Is Necessary for Type I Interferon Resistance. J Virol 2022; 96:e0125022. [PMID: 36350154 PMCID: PMC9749455 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01250-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new dominant variants of concern (VOC) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens the global response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Of these, the alpha variant (also known as B.1.1.7), which appeared initially in the United Kingdom, became the dominant variant in much of Europe and North America in the first half of 2021. The spike (S) glycoprotein of alpha acquired seven mutations and two deletions compared to the ancestral virus, including the P681H mutation adjacent to the polybasic cleavage site, which has been suggested to enhance S cleavage. Here, we show that the alpha spike protein confers a level of resistance to beta interferon (IFN-β) in human lung epithelial cells. This correlates with resistance to an entry restriction mediated by interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) and a pronounced infection enhancement by IFITM3. Furthermore, the P681H mutation is essential for resistance to IFN-β and context-dependent resistance to IFITMs in the alpha S. P681H reduces dependence on endosomal cathepsins, consistent with enhanced cell surface entry. However, reversion of H681 does not reduce cleaved spike incorporation into particles, indicating that it exerts its effect on entry and IFN-β downstream of furin cleavage. Overall, we suggest that, in addition to adaptive immune escape, mutations associated with VOC may well also confer a replication and/or transmission advantage through adaptation to resist innate immune mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence suggests that variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 evolve to evade the human immune response, with much interest focused on mutations in the spike protein that escape from antibodies. However, resistance to the innate immune response is essential for efficient viral replication and transmission. Here, we show that the alpha (B.1.1.7) VOC of SARS-CoV-2 is substantially more resistant to type I interferons than the parental Wuhan-like virus. This correlates with resistance to the antiviral protein IFITM2 and enhancement by its paralogue IFITM3. The key determinant of this is a proline-to-histidine change at position 681 in S adjacent to the furin cleavage site, which in the context of the alpha spike modulates cell entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Reversion of the mutation is sufficient to restore interferon and IFITM2 sensitivity, highlighting the dynamic nature of the SARS CoV-2 as it adapts to both innate and adaptive immunity in the humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Lista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Winstone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry D. Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Dyer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuditta De Lorenzo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa M. Cowton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm Furnon
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Suarez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Orton
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind H. Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Snell
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Nebbia
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Swanson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. D. Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- UKRI Genotype-2-Phenotype Consortium, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Wang S, Li Y, Qiao X, Jin Y, Liu R, Wang L, Song L. A protein inhibitor of activated STAT (CgPIAS) negatively regulates the expression of ISGs by inhibiting STAT activation in oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1214-1223. [PMID: 36410649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) family proteins act as the important negative regulators in janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, which can be also involved in regulating the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In the present study, a PIAS homologue (designated as CgPIAS) was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas. The open reading frame (ORF) of CgPIAS cDNA was of 1887 bp encoding a peptide of 628 amino acid residues. The CgPIAS protein contains a conserved scaffold attachment factor A/B/acinus/PIAS (SAP) domain, a Pro-Ile-Asn-Ile-Thr (PINIT) motif, a RING-finger-like zinc-binding domain (RLD) and two SUMO-interaction Motifs (SIMs). The deduced amino acid sequence of CgPIAS shared 74.58-81.36% similarity with other PIAS family members in the RLD domain. The mRNA transcripts of CgPIAS were detected in all the tested tissues with highest level in haemocytes (32.98-fold of mantles, p < 0.001). After poly (I:C) and recombinant Interferon-like protein (rCgIFNLP) stimulation, the mRNA expression of CgPIAS in haemocytes significantly up-regulated to the highest level at 48 h (7.38-fold, p < 0.001) and at 24 h (13.08-fold, p < 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of CgPIAS was observed in haemocytes after poly (I:C) stimulation. Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) assay revealed that the recombinant protein CgPIAS-RLD could interact with the recombinant protein CgSTAT in vitro with the KD value of 3.88 × 10-8 M. In the CgPIAS-RNAi oysters, the green signals of CgSTAT protein in nucleus of haemocytes increased compared with that in NC-RNAi group, and the mRNA expression of myxovirus resistance (CgMx1), oligoadenylate synthase-like proteins (CgOASL), CgViperin and IFN-induced protein 44-like (CgIFI44L-1) in haemocytes significantly increased at 12 h after poly (I:C) stimulation, which were 2.39-fold (p < 0.05), 2.18-fold (p < 0.001), 1.74-fold (p < 0.05), and 2.89-fold (p < 0.01) of that in control group, respectively. The above results indicated that CgPIAS negatively regulated the ISG expression by inhibiting STAT activation in oyster C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuanmei Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Espino A, Gouilly J, Chen Q, Colin P, Guerby P, Izopet J, Amara A, Tabiasco J, Al-Daccak R, El Costa H, Jabrane-Ferrat N. The mechanisms underlying the immune control of Zika virus infection at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000861. [PMID: 36483552 PMCID: PMC9723234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other Flaviviruses, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the first trimester of pregnancy causes severe pregnancy outcomes including the devastating microcephaly and diseases associated with placental dysfunctions. We have previously reported that the maternal decidua basalis, the major maternal-fetal interface, serves as a replication platform enabling virus amplification before dissemination to the fetal compartment. However, the rate of congenital infection is quite low, suggesting the presence of a natural barrier against viral infection. Using primary cells from first-trimester pregnancy samples, we investigated in this study how the maternal decidua can interfere with ZIKV infection. Our study reveals that whether through their interactions with dNK cells, the main immune cell population of the first-trimester decidua, or their production of proinflammatory cytokines, decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the main regulators of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. We also validate the functional role of AXL as a crucial receptor for ZIKV entry in DSCs and demonstrate that targeted inhibition of ligand-receptor interaction at the early stage of the infection is effective in drastically reducing virus pathogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface. Collectively, our results provide insights into the mechanisms through which ZIKV infection and spreading can be limited. The strategy of circumventing viral entry at the maternal-fetus interface limits virus dissemination to fetal tissues, thereby preventing congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Espino
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jordi Gouilly
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Qian Chen
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Colin
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Guerby
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Department of Virology, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Amara
- CNRS 7212, INSERM U944, University Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julie Tabiasco
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- INSERM UMRS976, University Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France,*Correspondence: Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat,
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Lang R, Li H, Luo X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Guo S, Xu J, Bao C, Dong W, Yu Y. Expression and mechanisms of interferon-stimulated genes in viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008072. [PMID: 36325336 PMCID: PMC9618809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) bind to cell surface receptors and activate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) through intracellular signaling cascades. ISGs and their expression products have various biological functions, such as antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, and are essential effector molecules for IFN function. ISGs limit the invasion and replication of the virus in a cell-specific and region-specific manner in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to participating in natural immunity against viral infections, studies have shown that ISGs are essential in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders such as neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to present a macroscopic overview of the characteristics of ISGs that restrict viral neural invasion and the expression of the ISGs underlying viral infection of CNS cells. Furthermore, we elucidate the characteristics of ISGs expression in neurological inflammation, neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression as well as neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Finally, we summarize several ISGs (ISG15, IFIT2, IFITM3) that have been studied more in recent years for their antiviral infection in the CNS and their research progress in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cencen Liu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County, DeYang, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - ShunYu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changshun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurological diseases and brain function laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases), Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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32
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Laloli L, Licheri MF, Probst L, Licheri M, Gultom M, Holwerda M, V’kovski P, Dijkman R. Time-resolved characterization of the innate immune response in the respiratory epithelium of human, porcine, and bovine during influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970325. [PMID: 36059535 PMCID: PMC9437644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral cross-species transmission is recognized to be a major threat to both human and animal health, however detailed information on determinants underlying virus host tropism and susceptibility is missing. Influenza C and D viruses (ICV, IDV) are two respiratory viruses that share up to 50% genetic similarity, and both employ 9-O-acetylated sialic acids to enter a host cell. While ICV infections are mainly restricted to humans, IDV possesses a much broader host tropism and has shown to have a zoonotic potential. This suggests that additional virus–host interactions play an important role in the distinct host spectrum of ICV and IDV. In this study, we aimed to characterize the innate immune response of the respiratory epithelium of biologically relevant host species during influenza virus infection to identify possible determinants involved in viral cross-species transmission. To this end, we performed a detailed characterization of ICV and IDV infection in primary airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures from human, porcine, and bovine origin. We monitored virus replication kinetics, cellular and host tropism, as well as the host transcriptional response over time at distinct ambient temperatures. We observed that both ICV and IDV predominantly infect ciliated cells, independently from host and temperature. Interestingly, temperature had a profound influence on ICV replication in both porcine and bovine AEC cultures, while IDV replicated efficiently irrespective of temperature and host. Detailed time-resolved transcriptome analysis revealed both species-specific and species uniform host responses and highlighted 34 innate immune-related genes with clear virus-specific and temperature-dependent profiles. These data provide the first comprehensive insights into important common and species-specific virus-host dynamics underlying the distinct host tropism of ICV and IDV, as well as possible determinants involved in viral cross-species transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laloli
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Probst
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Licheri
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitra Gultom
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip V’kovski
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ronald Dijkman,
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Moody CA. Regulation of the Innate Immune Response during the Human Papillomavirus Life Cycle. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081797. [PMID: 36016419 PMCID: PMC9412305 DOI: 10.3390/v14081797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) are associated with multiple human cancers and comprise 5% of the human cancer burden. Although most infections are transient, persistent infections are a major risk factor for cancer development. The life cycle of HPV is intimately linked to epithelial differentiation. HPVs establish infection at a low copy number in the proliferating basal keratinocytes of the stratified epithelium. In contrast, the productive phase of the viral life cycle is activated upon epithelial differentiation, resulting in viral genome amplification, high levels of late gene expression, and the assembly of virions that are shed from the epithelial surface. Avoiding activation of an innate immune response during the course of infection plays a key role in promoting viral persistence as well as completion of the viral life cycle in differentiating epithelial cells. This review highlights the recent advances in our understanding of how HPVs manipulate the host cell environment, often in a type-specific manner, to suppress activation of an innate immune response to establish conditions supportive of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary A. Moody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Li J, Fang P, Zhou Y, Wang D, Fang L, Xiao S. DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 negatively regulates cytosolic RNA-mediated innate immune signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956794. [PMID: 36032158 PMCID: PMC9399600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 (DDX21), also known as RHII/Gu, is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase. In addition to playing a vital role in regulating cellular RNA splicing, transcription, and translation, accumulated evidence has suggested that DDX21 is also involved in the regulation of innate immunity. However, whether DDX21 induces or antagonizes type I interferon (IFN-I) production has not been clear and most studies have been performed through ectopic overexpression or RNA interference-mediated knockdown. In this study, we generated DDX21 knockout cell lines and found that knockout of DDX21 enhanced Sendai virus (SeV)-induced IFN-β production and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, suggesting that DDX21 is a negative regulator of IFN-β. Mechanistically, DDX21 competes with retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) for binding to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), thereby attenuating RIG-I-mediated IFN-β production. We also identified that the 217-784 amino acid region of DDX21 is essential for binding dsRNA and associated with its ability to antagonize IFN production. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrated that DDX21 negatively regulates IFN-β production and functions to maintain immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Shaobo Xiao,
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35
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Wang YH, Limaye A, Liu JR, Wu TN. Potential probiotics for regulation of the gut-lung axis to prevent or alleviate influenza in vulnerable populations. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:161-169. [PMID: 36970463 PMCID: PMC10037066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza, also known as "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Three types of influenza virus, A, B, and C, are able to infect humans. In most people, influenza causes mild symptoms, but it can also induce severe complications and death. Annual influenza vaccines are currently the main intervention used to minimize mortality and morbidity. However, vaccination frequently fails to provide adequate protection, especially in the elderly. Traditional flu vaccine targets hemagglutinin to prevent virus infection, but the constant mutation of hemagglutinin means that it is a challenge to develop vaccines quickly enough to keep up with mutations. Thus, other methods of curbing influenza incidence would be welcomed, especially for vulnerable populations. Although influenza viruses primarily infect the respiratory tract, influenza virus infection also induces intestinal dysbiosis. Through gut microbiota-derived secreted products and the circulating immune cells, gut microbiota can affect pulmonary immunity. The crosstalk between the respiratory tract and gut microbiota, termed the "gut-lung axis", is observed in the regulation of immune responses against influenza virus infection or inflammation-induced lung damage, indicating the possibility of using probiotics to prevent influenza virus infection or alleviate respiratory symptoms. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the antiviral functions of particular probiotics and/or combinations and discuss the antiviral mechanisms and immunomodulatory activities of probiotics in vitro, in mice, and in humans. Clinical studies show probiotic supplements can provide health benefits, not only to the elderly or children with compromised immune systems, but also to young- and middle-aged adults.
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Ciesla J, Moreno I, Munger J. TNFα-induced metabolic reprogramming drives an intrinsic anti-viral state. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010722. [PMID: 35834576 PMCID: PMC9321404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines induce an anti-viral state, yet many of the functional determinants responsible for limiting viral infection are poorly understood. Here, we find that TNFα induces significant metabolic remodeling that is critical for its anti-viral activity. Our data demonstrate that TNFα activates glycolysis through the induction of hexokinase 2 (HK2), the isoform predominantly expressed in muscle. Further, we show that glycolysis is broadly important for TNFα-mediated anti-viral defense, as its inhibition attenuates TNFα’s ability to limit the replication of evolutionarily divergent viruses. TNFα was also found to modulate the metabolism of UDP-sugars, which are essential precursor substrates for glycosylation. Our data indicate that TNFα increases the concentration of UDP-glucose, as well as the glucose-derived labeling of UDP-glucose and UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine in a glycolytically-dependent manner. Glycolysis was also necessary for the TNFα-mediated accumulation of several glycosylated anti-viral proteins. Consistent with the importance of glucose-driven glycosylation, glycosyl-transferase inhibition attenuated TNFα’s ability to promote the anti-viral cell state. Collectively, our data indicate that cytokine-mediated metabolic remodeling is an essential component of the anti-viral response. Viral infection often activates a host cell’s intrinsic immune response resulting in the cellular secretion of cytokines, important host-defense molecules. These cytokines act on neighboring cells to make them less permissive to viral infection. Many of the mechanisms through which cytokines promote a less permissive cell state remain unclear. Our data indicate that treatment with the anti-viral cytokine TNFα induces substantial changes to cellular metabolic activity, including activating glucose metabolism. We find that these TNFα-induced metabolic changes are critical for TNFα to limit the replication of diverse viruses including Human Cytomegalovirus and two Coronaviruses, OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. Inhibition of glucose metabolism during TNFα treatment prevented the expression of a variety of known cellular anti-viral proteins. Collectively, our data indicate that cytokine-induced metabolic remodeling is an important component of TNFα’s ability to promote a less permissive cell state and raises further questions about the mechanisms through which specific cytokine-induced metabolic activities contribute to various aspects of anti-viral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ciesla
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Isreal Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xing JH, Shi CW, Sun MJ, Gu W, Zhang RR, Chen HL, Li Y, Wang D, Li J, Niu TM, Huang QT, Qian JH, Huang HB, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, Wang N, Zeng Y, Yang GL, Yang WT, Wang CF. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 Protects Against Influenza Virus by Modulating Intestinal Microbial-Mediated Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820484. [PMID: 35847111 PMCID: PMC9282045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are some limitations of traditional influenza vaccines concerning novel mutant strains. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop preventive means for antigen-unrelated types of influenza viruses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics can modulate the immune system and reduce the severity of viral infections. In this study, we investigated the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 against influenza virus H9N2. Challenge experiments showed that L. plantarum 0111 pretreatments could effectively improve mice’s survival rate and weight loss and reduce the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) along with the degree of lung and intestinal injury. FMT experiment demonstrates that the protective effect produced by L. plantarum 0111 is associated with gut microorganisms. In addition, 16S high-throughput sequencing of the mouse intestinal microbiota showed that L. plantarum 0111 remodeled the intestinal microbiota after H9N2 infection and maintained the gut microbiota balance. In a mouse model, the oral administration of L. plantarum 0111 increased IFN-β expression in the serum and BALF. At the same time, the transcript levels of IFN-β and related ISGs in the intestine and lungs of mice were also increased. In addition, the activation and polarization of T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the spleen were detected by flow cytometry, and the results showed that L. plantarum 0111 modulated cytokines in T cells and increased IgA expression in B cells in the MLNs and spleen. Thus, L. plantarum 0111 may improve gut microbiota-mediated immune responses and thus, resist infection by the influenza virus, and it could be used as an effective preventive measure against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - JunYi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian-Ming Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qun-Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Hao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Gui-Lian Yang,
| | - Wen Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Wen Tao Yang,
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-Feng Wang,
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Alphonse N, Dickenson RE, Alrehaili A, Odendall C. Functions of IFNλs in Anti-Bacterial Immunity at Mucosal Barriers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857639. [PMID: 35663961 PMCID: PMC9159784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs), or IFNλs, are cytokines produced in response to microbial ligands. They signal through the IFNλ receptor complex (IFNLR), which is located on epithelial cells and select immune cells at barrier sites. As well as being induced during bacterial or viral infection, type III IFNs are produced in response to the microbiota in the lung and intestinal epithelium where they cultivate a resting antiviral state. While the multiple anti-viral activities of IFNλs have been extensively studied, their roles in immunity against bacteria are only recently emerging. Type III IFNs increase epithelial barrier integrity and protect from infection in the intestine but were shown to increase susceptibility to bacterial superinfections in the respiratory tract. Therefore, the effects of IFNλ can be beneficial or detrimental to the host during bacterial infections, depending on timing and biological contexts. This duality will affect the potential benefits of IFNλs as therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IFNλ induction and signaling, as well as their roles at different barrier sites in the context of anti-bacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Alphonse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abrar Alrehaili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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DYT-PRKRA Mutation P222L Enhances PACT’s Stimulatory Activity on Type I Interferon Induction. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050713. [PMID: 35625640 PMCID: PMC9138762 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DYT-PRKRA (dystonia 16 or DYT-PRKRA) is caused by mutations in the PRKRA gene that encodes PACT, the protein activator of interferon (IFN)-induced double-stranded (ds) RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). PACT participates in several cellular pathways, of which its role as a PKR activator protein during integrated stress response (ISR) is the best characterized. Previously, we have established that the DYT-PRKRA mutations cause enhanced activation of PKR during ISR to sensitize DYT-PRKRA cells to apoptosis. In this study, we evaluate if the most prevalent substitution mutation reported in DYT-PRKRA patients alters PACT’s functional role in induction of type I IFNs via the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling. Our results indicate that the P222L mutation augments PACT’s ability to induce IFN β in response to dsRNA and the basal expression of IFN β and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) is higher in DYT-PRKRA patient cells compared to cells from the unaffected controls. Additionally, IFN β and ISGs are also induced at higher levels in DYT-PRKRA cells in response to dsRNA. These results offer a new avenue for investigations directed towards understanding the underlying molecular pathomechanisms in DYT-PRKRA.
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40
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Lüscher B, Verheirstraeten M, Krieg S, Korn P. Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases at the host-virus interphase. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:288. [PMID: 35536484 PMCID: PMC9087173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system, the primary defense mechanism of higher organisms against pathogens including viruses, senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In response to PAMPs, interferons (IFNs) are produced, allowing the host to react swiftly to viral infection. In turn the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) is induced. Their products disseminate the antiviral response. Among the ISGs conserved in many species are those encoding mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs). This prompts the question whether, and if so how, mono-ADP-ribosylation affects viral propagation. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases function as PAMP receptors and modify both host and viral proteins relevant for viral replication. Support for mono-ADP-ribosylation in virus–host interaction stems from the findings that some viruses encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases, which antagonize cellular mono-ARTs. We summarize and discuss the evidence linking mono-ADP-ribosylation and the enzymes relevant to catalyze this reversible modification with the innate immune response as part of the arms race between host and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maud Verheirstraeten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Kumata R, Iwanami S, Mar KB, Kakizoe Y, Misawa N, Nakaoka S, Koyanagi Y, Perelson AS, Schoggins JW, Iwami S, Sato K. Antithetic effect of interferon-α on cell-free and cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010053. [PMID: 35468127 PMCID: PMC9037950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In HIV-1-infected individuals, transmitted/founder (TF) virus contributes to establish new infection and expands during the acute phase of infection, while chronic control (CC) virus emerges during the chronic phase of infection. TF viruses are more resistant to interferon-alpha (IFN-α)-mediated antiviral effects than CC virus, however, its virological relevance in infected individuals remains unclear. Here we perform an experimental-mathematical investigation and reveal that IFN-α strongly inhibits cell-to-cell infection by CC virus but only weakly affects that by TF virus. Surprisingly, IFN-α enhances cell-free infection of HIV-1, particularly that of CC virus, in a virus-cell density-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that LY6E, an IFN-stimulated gene, can contribute to the density-dependent enhancement of cell-free HIV-1 infection. Altogether, our findings suggest that the major difference between TF and CC viruses can be explained by their resistance to IFN-α-mediated inhibition of cell-to-cell infection and their sensitivity to IFN-α-mediated enhancement of cell-free infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kumata
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoya Iwanami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katrina B. Mar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Kakizoe
- Mathematical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Misawa
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakaoka
- Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shingo Iwami
- interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Liu J, Jing W, Fang Y, He X, Chen G, Jia H, Wang J, Jing Z. The Infection of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus SA14-14-2 Strain Induces Lethal Peripheral Inflammatory Responses in IFNAR Deficiency Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:823825. [PMID: 35310394 PMCID: PMC8928384 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.823825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne viral encephalitis worldwide. Clinical symptoms other than encephalitis, on the other hand, are substantially more prevalent with JEV infection, demonstrating the relevance of peripheral pathophysiology. We studied the peripheral immunopathogenesis of JEV using IFNAR deficient (IFNAR–/–) mice infected with the SA14-14-2 strain under the BSL-2. The body weight and survival rate of infected-IFNAR–/–mice decreased significantly. Infected-IFNAR–/–mice’s liver and spleen demonstrated obvious tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. There was also extensive viral replication in the organs. IFN-α/β protein expression was dramatically elevated in peripheral tissues and serum, although the related interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) remained low in the spleen and liver of infected-IFNAR–/–animals. Consistently, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis using RNA-sequencing of spleens showed inflammatory cytokines upregulation, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1, and IFN-γ associated cytokine storm. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen and liver of SA14-14-2-infected IFNAR–/– mice was dramatically elevated. However, there was no significant difference in tissue damage, viral multiplication, or the production of IFNα/β and inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Infection with the JEV SA14-14-2 strain resulted in a lethal peripheral inflammatory response and organ damage without encephalitis in IFNAR–/– mice. Our findings may help shed light on the peripheral immunopathogenesis associated with clinical JEV infection and aid in developing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Wang,
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Zhizhong Jing,
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Kan S, Grainge C, Nichol K, Reid A, Knight D, Sun Y, Bartlett N, Liang M. TLR7 agonist loaded airway epithelial targeting nanoparticles stimulate innate immunity and suppress viral replication in human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2022; 617:121586. [PMID: 35181464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery is a strategy for increasing the therapeutic window of inhaled immunomodulatory drugs that have inflammatory activity. TLR7 agonists are a class of immunomodulators that have been considered for the treatment of virus-induced respiratory diseases. However, due to high immune-stimulatory activity, TLR7 agonists, delivered via direct exposure, generally have a narrow therapeutic window. To address this, we have developed lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody for targeted delivery of TLR7 agonist (CL264) to airway epithelial cells (AECs)2 - the primary site of respiratory virus infection. These airway epithelial targeting nanoparticles (AEC-NPs)3 showed safety and biocompatibility, and approximately two-fold increased cellular uptake compared to non-targeting NPs. Upon cell entry, AEC-NPs were able to deliver CL264 to cytoplasm and endosomes where TLR7 is located. CL264 delivered by AEC-NPs significantly increased innate immune response through expression of IFN-β, IFN-λ 2/3 and IFN-stimulated genes and suppressed more than 92% of viral load at 48 hours post-infection compared to the drug alone and non-targeting NPs. In conclusion, AEC-NPs exhibited increased cellular uptake leading to enhanced innate immune activation and suppression of viral replication. These findings support the use of AEC-targeting approach for delivering drugs with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy Nichol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Nathan Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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Christgen S, Place D, Zheng M, Briard B, Yamamoto M, Kanneganti TD. The IFN-inducible GTPase IRGB10 regulates viral replication and inflammasome activation during influenza A virus infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:285-296. [PMID: 34694641 PMCID: PMC8813912 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases in response to pathogenic insults is vital to host defense against many bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Several IFN-inducible GTPases play key roles in mediating inflammasome activation and providing host protection after bacterial or fungal infections, though their role in inflammasome activation after viral infection is less clear. Among the IFN-inducible GTPases, the expression of immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) varies widely across species for unknown reasons. Here, we report that IRGB10, but not IRGM1, IRGM2, or IRGM3, is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in mice. While IRGB10 functions to release inflammasome ligands in the context of bacterial and fungal infections, we found that IRGB10 facilitates endosomal maturation and nuclear translocation of IAV, thereby regulating viral replication. Corresponding with our in vitro results, we found that Irgb10-/- mice were more resistant to IAV-induced mortality than WT mice. The results of our study demonstrate a detrimental role of IRGB10 in host immunity in response to IAV and a novel function of IRGB10, but not IRGMs, in promoting viral translocation into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelbi Christgen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Benoit Briard
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Osaka University, 3–1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Yin L, Liu X, Hu D, Luo Y, Zhang G, Liu P. Swine Enteric Coronaviruses (PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV) Induce Divergent Interferon-Stimulated Gene Responses and Antigen Presentation in Porcine Intestinal Enteroids. Front Immunol 2022; 12:826882. [PMID: 35126380 PMCID: PMC8810500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.826882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs) including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), account for the majority of lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and pose significant economic and public health burdens in the world. While the three SECoVs primarily infect intestinal epithelia in vivo and cause similar clinical signs, there are evident discrepancies in their cellular tropism and pathogenicity. However, the underlying mechanisms to cause the differences remain unclear. Herein, we employed porcine enteroids that are a physiologically relevant model of the intestine to assess the host epithelial responses following infection with the three SECoVs (PEDV, TGEV, and PDCoV). Although SECoVs replicated similarly in jejunal enteroids, a parallel comparison of transcriptomics datasets uncovered that PEDV and TGEV infection induced similar transcriptional profiles and exhibited a more pronounced response with more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in jejunal enteroids compared with PDCoV infection. Notably, TGEV and PDCoV induced high levels of type I and III IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) responses, while PEDV displayed a delayed peak and elicited a much lesser extent of IFN responses. Furthermore, TGEV and PDCoV instead of PEDV elicited a substantial upregulation of antigen-presentation genes and T cell-recruiting chemokines in enteroids. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that IFNs treatment markedly elevated the expression of NOD-like receptor (NLR) family NLRC5 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. Together, our results indicate unique and common viral strategies for manipulating the global IFN responses and antigen presentation utilized by SECoVs, which help us a better understanding of host-SECoVs interactions.
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Abstract
The process of adaptation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to humans probably had started decades ago, when its ancestor diverged from the bat coronavirus. The adaptive process comprises strategies the virus uses to overcome the respiratory tract defense barriers and replicate and shed in the host cells. These strategies include the impairment of interferon production, hiding immunogenic motifs, avoiding viral RNA detection, manipulating cell autophagy, triggering host cell death, inducing lymphocyte exhaustion and depletion, and finally, mutation and escape from immunity. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 employs strategies to take advantage of host cell resources for its benefits, such as inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system, hijacking mitochondria functions, and usage of enhancing antibodies. It may be anticipated that as the tradeoffs of adaptation progress, the virus destructive burden will gradually subside. Some evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will become part of the human respiratory virome, as had occurred with other coronaviruses, and coevolve with its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Tosta
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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47
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He FB, Khan H, Huttunen M, Kolehmainen P, Melén K, Maljanen S, Qu M, Jiang M, Kakkola L, Julkunen I. Filovirus VP24 Proteins Differentially Regulate RIG-I and MDA5-Dependent Type I and III Interferon Promoter Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:694105. [PMID: 35069519 PMCID: PMC8767557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Filovirus family consists of highly pathogenic viruses that have caused fatal outbreaks especially in many African countries. Previously, research focus has been on Ebola, Sudan and Marburg viruses leaving other filoviruses less well studied. Filoviruses, in general, pose a significant global threat since they are highly virulent and potentially transmissible between humans causing sporadic infections and local or widespread epidemics. Filoviruses have the ability to downregulate innate immunity, and especially viral protein 24 (VP24), VP35 and VP40 have variably been shown to interfere with interferon (IFN) gene expression and signaling. Here we systematically analyzed the ability of VP24 proteins of nine filovirus family members to interfere with retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5 (MDA5) induced IFN-β and IFN-λ1 promoter activation. All VP24 proteins were localized both in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus in variable amounts. VP24 proteins of Zaire and Sudan ebolaviruses, Lloviu, Taï Forest, Reston, Marburg and Bundibugyo viruses (EBOV, SUDV, LLOV, TAFV, RESTV, MARV and BDBV, respectively) were found to inhibit both RIG-I and MDA5 stimulated IFN-β and IFN-λ1 promoter activation. The inhibition takes place downstream of interferon regulatory factor 3 phosphorylation suggesting the inhibition to occur in the nucleus. VP24 proteins of Mengla (MLAV) or Bombali viruses (BOMV) did not inhibit IFN-β or IFN-λ1 promoter activation. Six ebolavirus VP24s and Lloviu VP24 bound tightly, whereas MARV and MLAV VP24s bound weakly, to importin α5, the subtype that regulates the nuclear import of STAT complexes. MARV and MLAV VP24 binding to importin α5 was very weak. Our data provides new information on the innate immune inhibitory mechanisms of filovirus VP24 proteins, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of filovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B. He
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hira Khan
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Moona Huttunen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Krister Melén
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Maljanen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mengmeng Qu
- Research Center for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center for General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kakkola
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Clinical Microbiology, Turku, Finland
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48
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Barik S. Mechanisms of Viral Degradation of Cellular Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010489. [PMID: 35008916 PMCID: PMC8745392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection of eukaryotes triggers cellular innate immune response, a major arm of which is the type I interferon (IFN) family of cytokines. Binding of IFN to cell surface receptors triggers a signaling cascade in which the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) plays a key role, ultimately leading to an antiviral state of the cell. In retaliation, many viruses counteract the immune response, often by the destruction and/or inactivation of STAT2, promoted by specific viral proteins that do not possess protease activities of their own. This review offers a summary of viral mechanisms of STAT2 subversion with emphasis on degradation. Some viruses also destroy STAT1, another major member of the STAT family, but most viruses are selective in targeting either STAT2 or STAT1. Interestingly, degradation of STAT2 by a few viruses requires the presence of both STAT proteins. Available evidence suggests a mechanism in which multiple sites and domains of STAT2 are required for engagement and degradation by a multi-subunit degradative complex, comprising viral and cellular proteins, including the ubiquitin–proteasomal system. However, the exact molecular nature of this complex and the alternative degradation mechanisms remain largely unknown, as critically presented here with prospective directions of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailen Barik
- EonBio, 3780 Pelham Drive, Mobile, AL 36619, USA
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49
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Wang H, Dong Y, Wan B, Ji Y, Xu Q. Identification and Characterization Analysis of Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin Protein of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121107. [PMID: 34940195 PMCID: PMC8706664 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) protein in flies plays a pivotal role in Ca2+ ions release, resulting in membrane trafficking, autophagy and ion homeostasis. However, to date, the characterization of TRPML in agricultural pests remains unknown. Here, we firstly reported the TRPML of a destructive pest of gramineous crops, Laodelphax striatellus. The L. striatellus TRPML (Ls-TRPML) has a 1818 bp open reading frame, encoding 605 amino acid. TRPML in agricultural pests is evolutionarily conserved, and the expression of Ls-TRPML is predominately higher in the ovary than in other organs of L. striatellus at the transcript and protein level. The Bac-Bac system showed that Ls-TRPML localized in the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane and nucleus and co-localized with lysosome in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed that Ls-TRPML localized in the cytoplasm and around the nuclei of the intestine cells or ovary follicular cells of L. striatellus. The results from the lipid-binding assay revealed that Ls-TRPML strongly bound to phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, as compared with other phosphoinositides. Overall, our results helped is identify and characterize the TRPML protein of L. striatellus, shedding light on the function of TRPML in multiple cellular processes in agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-134-5181-6249 (H.W.); +86-133-2781-7381 (Q.X.)
| | - Yan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Baijie Wan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Coastal Area, Yancheng 224002, China;
| | - Yinghua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.D.); (Y.J.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-134-5181-6249 (H.W.); +86-133-2781-7381 (Q.X.)
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50
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Tsu BV, Fay EJ, Nguyen KT, Corley MR, Hosuru B, Dominguez VA, Daugherty MD. Running With Scissors: Evolutionary Conflicts Between Viral Proteases and the Host Immune System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769543. [PMID: 34790204 PMCID: PMC8591160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens encode proteases that serve to antagonize the host immune system. In particular, viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome [(+)ssRNA], including picornaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses, encode proteases that are not only required for processing viral polyproteins into functional units but also manipulate crucial host cellular processes through their proteolytic activity. Because these proteases must cleave numerous polyprotein sites as well as diverse host targets, evolution of these viral proteases is expected to be highly constrained. However, despite this strong evolutionary constraint, mounting evidence suggests that viral proteases such as picornavirus 3C, flavivirus NS3, and coronavirus 3CL, are engaged in molecular 'arms races' with their targeted host factors, resulting in host- and virus-specific determinants of protease cleavage. In cases where protease-mediated cleavage results in host immune inactivation, recurrent host gene evolution can result in avoidance of cleavage by viral proteases. In other cases, such as recently described examples in NLRP1 and CARD8, hosts have evolved 'tripwire' sequences that mimic protease cleavage sites and activate an immune response upon cleavage. In both cases, host evolution may be responsible for driving viral protease evolution, helping explain why viral proteases and polyprotein sites are divergent among related viruses despite such strong evolutionary constraint. Importantly, these evolutionary conflicts result in diverse protease-host interactions even within closely related host and viral species, thereby contributing to host range, zoonotic potential, and pathogenicity of viral infection. Such examples highlight the importance of examining viral protease-host interactions through an evolutionary lens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew D. Daugherty
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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