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Menke E, Steketee CJ, Song Q, Schapaugh WT, Carter TE, Fallen B, Li Z. Genetic mapping reveals the complex genetic architecture controlling slow canopy wilting in soybean. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:107. [PMID: 38632129 PMCID: PMC11024021 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], drought stress is the leading cause of yield loss from abiotic stress in rain-fed US growing areas. Only 10% of the US soybean production is irrigated; therefore, plants must possess physiological mechanisms to tolerate drought stress. Slow canopy wilting is a physiological trait that is observed in a few exotic plant introductions (PIs) and may lead to yield improvement under drought stress. Canopy wilting of 130 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Hutcheson × PI 471938 grown under drought stress was visually evaluated and genotyped with the SoySNP6K BeadChip. Over four years, field evaluations of canopy wilting were conducted under rainfed conditions at three locations across the US (Georgia, Kansas, and North Carolina). Due to the variation in weather among locations and years, the phenotypic data were collected from seven environments. Substantial variation in canopy wilting was observed among the genotypes in the RIL population across environments. Three QTLs were identified for canopy wilting from the RIL population using composite interval mapping on chromosomes (Chrs) 2, 8, and 9 based on combined environmental analyses. These QTLs inherited the favorable alleles from PI 471938 and accounted for 11, 10, and 14% of phenotypic variation, respectively. A list of 106 candidate genes were narrowed down for these three QTLs based on the published information. The QTLs identified through this research can be used as targets for further investigation to understand the mechanisms of slow canopy wilting. These QTLs could be deployed to improve drought tolerance through a targeted selection of the genomic regions from PI 471938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Menke
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Clinton J Steketee
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Carter
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University and USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Fallen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University and USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zenglu Li
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Sardari M, Ghanati F, Mobasheri H, Hajnorouzi A. Sound waves alter the viability of tobacco cells via changes in cytosolic calcium, membrane integrity, and cell wall composition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299055. [PMID: 38466667 PMCID: PMC10927088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of sound waves (SWs) on plant cells can be considered as important as other mechanical stimuli like touch, wind, rain, and gravity, causing certain responses associated with the downstream signaling pathways on the whole plant. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the response of suspension-cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Burley 21) to SW at different intensities. The sinusoidal SW (1,000 Hz) was produced through a signal generator, amplified, and beamed to the one layer floating tobacco cells inside a soundproof chamber at intensities of 60, 75, and 90 dB at the plate level for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Calibration of the applied SW intensities, accuracy, and uniformity of SW was performed by a sound level meter, and the cells were treated. The effect of SW on tobacco cells was monitored by quantitation of cytosolic calcium, redox status, membrane integrity, wall components, and the activity of wall modifying enzymes. Cytosolic calcium ions increased as a function of sound intensity with a maximum level of 90 dB. Exposure to 90 dB was also accompanied by a significant increase of H2O2 and membrane lipid peroxidation rate but the reduction of total antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities. The increase of wall rigidity in these cells was attributed to an increase in wall-bound phenolic acids and lignin and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and covalently bound peroxidase. In comparison, in 60- and 75 dB, radical scavenging capacity increased, and the activity of wall stiffening enzymes reduced, but cell viability showed no changes. The outcome of the current study reveals that the impact of SW on plant cells is started by an increase in cytosolic calcium. However, upon calcium signaling, downstream events, including alteration of H2O2 and cell redox status and the activities of wall modifying enzymes, determined the extent of SW effects on tobacco cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sardari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abazar Hajnorouzi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Park J, Mannaa M, Han G, Jung H, Jeon HS, Kim JC, Park AR, Seo YS. Transcriptomic Insights into Abies koreana Drought Tolerance Conferred by Aureobasidium pullulans AK10. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 40:30-39. [PMID: 38326956 PMCID: PMC10850533 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.ft.11.2023.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The conservation of the endangered Korean fir, Abies koreana, is of critical ecological importance. In our previous study, a yeast-like fungus identified as Aureobasidium pullulans AK10, was isolated and shown to enhance drought tolerance in A. koreana seedlings. In this study, the effectiveness of Au. pullulans AK10 treatment in enhancing drought tolerance in A. koreana was confirmed. Furthermore, using transcriptome analysis, we compared A. koreana seedlings treated with Au. pullulans AK10 to untreated controls under drought conditions to elucidate the molecular responses involved in increased drought tolerance. Our findings revealed a predominance of downregulated genes in the treated seedlings, suggesting a strategic reallocation of resources to enhance stress defense. Further exploration of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and protein-protein interaction networks revealed significant alterations in functional systems known to fortify drought tolerance, including the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, calcium signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and, crucially, flavonoid biosynthesis, renowned for enhancing plant drought resistance. These findings deepen our comprehension of how AK10 biostimulation enhances the resilience of A. koreana to drought stress, marking a substantial advancement in the effort to conserve this endangered tree species through environmentally sustainable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Gil Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Hyo Seong Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Ramirez-Gil JG, Lopera AA, Garcia C. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles improve growth parameters and mitigate stress associated with climatic variability in avocado fruit. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18658. [PMID: 37576330 PMCID: PMC10412774 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The avocado cv. Hass is one of the most dynamic fruits in the world and is of particular significance in tropical areas, where climate variability phenomena have a high impact on productivity and sustainability. Nanotechnology-based tools could be an alternative to mitigate and/or adapt plants to these phenomena. Our approach was based on identifying changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate variability in avocado areas in Colombia and proposing mitigation strategies based on the use of nanotechnology. This study had two objectives: (i) to identify variations in temperature and precipitation in avocado-producing areas in Colombia and (ii) to evaluate the effect of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nano CP) as an alternative to reduce stress in avocados under simulate climatic variability condition. Climatic clusters were determined based on the spatial K-means method and with the climatic temporal series data (1981-2020), a time series analysis we carried out. Later changes in each cluster were simulated in growth chambers, evaluating physiological and developmental responses in avocado seedlings subjected to nanoCaP after adjusting the application form and dose. XRD diffraction shows that the calcium phosphate phases obtained by solution combustion correspond to a mixture of hydroxyapatite and witocklite nanoparticles with irregular morphologies and particle sizes of 100 nm. Three clusters explained ∼90% of the climate variation, with increases and decreases in temperature and precipitation in the range of 1-1.4 °C and 4.1-7.3% respectively. The best-fitted time series models were of stationary autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA). The avocado seedlings had differential responses (P<0.05) depending on the clusters, with a decrease in physiological behavior and development between 10 and 35%. Additionally, the nanoCaP reduced the climatic stress (P< 0.05) in a range between 10 and 22.5%. This study identified the negative effect of climate variability on avocado seedlings and how nanoCaP can mitigate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Guillermo Ramirez-Gil
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Agronomía, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Agrocomputación y Análisis epidemiológico, Center of Excellence in Scientific Computing, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Alex A. Lopera
- Grupo de Nanoestructuras y Física Aplicada (NANOUPAR), Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Km 9 vía Valledupar La Paz, La Paz 202010, Colombia
| | - C. Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellin, Carrera 65 # 59A-100, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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Wang Y, Qin T, Pu Z, Dekomah SD, Yao P, Sun C, Liu Y, Bi Z, Bai J. Foliar Application of Chelated Sugar Alcohol Calcium Improves Photosynthesis and Tuber Quality under Drought Stress in Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12216. [PMID: 37569590 PMCID: PMC10418820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major threat to sustainable crop production worldwide. Despite the positive role of calcium (Ca2+) in improving plant drought tolerance in different crops, little attention has been paid to its role in mitigating drought stress in potatoes. In the present study, we studied the effect of foliar chelated sugar alcohol calcium treatments on two potato cultivars with different drought responses applied 15 and 30 days after limiting soil moisture. The results showed that the foliar application of calcium treatments alleviated the SPAD chlorophyll loss of the drought-sensitive cultivar 'Atlantic' (Atl) and reduced the inhibition of photosynthetic parameters, leaf anatomy deformation, and MDA and H2O2 content of both cultivars under drought stress. The Ca2+ treatments changed the expression of several Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (StCDPK) genes involved in calcium sensing and signaling and significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, average tuber weight per plant, and tuber quality of both cultivars. We conclude that calcium spray treatments improved the drought tolerance of both potato cultivars and were especially effective for the drought-sensitive cultivar. The present work suggests that the foliar application of calcium is a promising strategy to improve commercial potato yields and the economic efficiency of potato production under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tianyuan Qin
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhuanfang Pu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Simon Dontoro Dekomah
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiangping Bai
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Mikołajczak K, Kuczyńska A, Krajewski P, Kempa M, Witaszak N. Global Proteome Profiling Revealed the Adaptive Reprogramming of Barley Flag Leaf to Drought and Elevated Temperature. Cells 2023; 12:1685. [PMID: 37443719 PMCID: PMC10340373 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in changing environments. Recent advances in omics approaches have facilitated the exploration of plant genomes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of barley and other cereals to multiple abiotic stresses remain largely unclear. Exposure to stress stimuli affects many proteins with regulatory and protective functions. In the present study, we employed liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify stress-responsive proteins on the genome-wide scale of barley flag leaves exposed to drought, heat, or both. Profound alterations in the proteome of genotypes with different flag leaf sizes were found. The role of stress-inducible proteins was discussed and candidates underlying the universal stress response were proposed, including dehydrins. Moreover, the putative functions of several unknown proteins that can mediate responses to stress stimuli were explored using Pfam annotation, including calmodulin-like proteins. Finally, the confrontation of protein and mRNA abundances was performed. A correlation network between transcripts and proteins performance revealed several components of the stress-adaptive pathways in barley flag leaf. Taking the findings together, promising candidates for improving the tolerance of barley and other cereals to multivariate stresses were uncovered. The presented proteomic landscape and its relationship to transcriptomic remodeling provide novel insights for understanding the molecular responses of plants to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.); (N.W.)
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Sadak MS, Hanafy RS, Elkady FMAM, Mogazy AM, Abdelhamid MT. Exogenous Calcium Reinforces Photosynthetic Pigment Content and Osmolyte, Enzymatic, and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants Abundance and Alleviates Salt Stress in Bread Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1532. [PMID: 37050158 PMCID: PMC10097001 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the main environmental stresses that hinder crop development as well as yield is salt stress, while the use of signal molecules such as calcium (Ca) has a substantial impact on reducing the detrimental effects of salt on different crop types. Therefore, a factorial pot experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted to examine the beneficial role of Ca (0, 2.5, and 5 mM) in promoting the physiological, biochemical, and growth traits of the wheat plant under three salt conditions viz. 0, 30, and 60 mM NaCl. Foliar application of Ca increased the growth of salt-stressed wheat plants through increasing photosynthetic pigments, IAA, proline, and total soluble sugars contents and improving antioxidant enzymes in addition to non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione, phenol and flavonoids, β-carotene, and lycopene contents, thus causing decreases in the over-accumulation of free radicals (ROS). The application of Ca increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in wheat plants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relieved salt stress. An additional salt tolerance mechanism by Ca increases the non-antioxidant activity of plants by accumulating osmolytes such as free amino acids, proline, and total soluble sugar, which maintain the osmotic adjustment of plants under salinity stress. Exogenous Ca application is a successful method for increasing wheat plants' ability to withstand salt stress, and it has a considerable impact on the growth of wheat under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Sh Sadak
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rania S. Hanafy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11575, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. A. M. Elkady
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Mogazy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11575, Egypt
| | - Magdi T. Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Johnson SE, Tittes S, Franks SJ. Rapid, nonparallel genomic evolution of Brassica rapa (field mustard) under experimental drought. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:550-562. [PMID: 36721268 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While we know that climate change can potentially cause rapid phenotypic evolution, our understanding of the genetic basis and degree of genetic parallelism of rapid evolutionary responses to climate change is limited. In this study, we combined the resurrection approach with an evolve-and-resequence design to examine genome-wide evolutionary changes following drought. We exposed genetically similar replicate populations of the annual plant Brassica rapa derived from a field population in southern California to four generations of experimental drought or watered conditions in a greenhouse. Genome-wide sequencing of ancestral and descendant population pools identified hundreds of SNPs that showed evidence of rapidly evolving in response to drought. Several of these were in stress response genes, and two were identified in a prior study of drought response in this species. However, almost all genetic changes were unique among experimental populations, indicating that the evolutionary changes were largely nonparallel, despite the fact that genetically similar replicates of the same founder population had experienced controlled and consistent selection regimes. This nonparallelism of evolution at the genetic level is potentially because of polygenetic adaptation allowing for multiple different genetic routes to similar phenotypic outcomes. Our findings help to elucidate the relationship between rapid phenotypic and genomic evolution and shed light on the degree of parallelism and predictability of genomic evolution to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Silas Tittes
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
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Koc M, Cangi R, Yildiz K. Effect of drought on aquaporin expression in grafted and ungrafted grapevine cultivars. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/ctv20233801035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress severely affects growth, development and productivity in most agricultural crops. Since ancient times, rootstocks have been used to enable crop cultivation in unsuitable soil conditions. In the present study, three factors were evaluated: 1) cultivar: Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Horozkarası’ (drought-tolerant) and cv. ‘Kabarcık’ (drought-sensitive) were used; 2) rootstock: each cultivar was self-rooted and grafted onto ‘Rupestris du Lot’ rootstock; 3) drought stress: half of each cultivar/rootstock combination underwent drought stress and the other half was irrigated at field capacity for seven days. In order to estimate the responses of the cultivars, relative water content, proline content and aquaporin isoform expression levels (VvPIP2;1, VvPIP2;2, VvTIP1;1, and VvTIP2;1) were quantified. The results revealed that drought stress caused more reduction in relative water content (RWC) in ‘Kabarcık’ cultivar (drought-sensitive) than in ‘Horozkarası’ cultivar (drought-tolerant). Proline content increased in both cultivars in response to drought stress but to a relatively greater extent in the grafted ‘Kabarcık’ cultivar. Considering expression levels of genes, VvPIP2;1, VvPIP2;2, and VvTIP2;1 were downregulated whilst VvTIP1;1 was upregulated in the leaf. Both ‘Horozkarası’ and ‘Kabarcık’ cultivars showed similar trends in terms of their responses to drought stress. Grafting significantly increased the proline content in both cultivars exposed to drought stress. The rootstock conferred better drought protection to ‘Kabarcık’ cultivar than to ‘Horozkarası’ cultivar.
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The CRK5 and WRKY53 Are Conditional Regulators of Senescence and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223558. [PMID: 36428987 PMCID: PMC9688832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large group of membrane-localized proteins which perceive external stimuli and transduce the signal into the cell. Previous reports based on their loss-of-function phenotypes and expression profile support their role in many developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Our study revealed that one member of this family, CRK5, acts as a negative regulator of leaf aging. Enrichment of the CRK5 promoter region in W-box cis-elements demonstrated that WRKY transcription factors control it. We observed significantly enhanced WRKY53 expression in crk5 and reversion of its early-senescence phenotype in the crk5 wrky53 line, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these proteins antagonistically regulating chlorophyll a and b contents. Yeast-two hybrid assay showed further that CRK5 interacts with several proteins involved in response to water deprivation or calcium signaling, while gas exchange analysis revealed a positive effect of CRK5 on water use efficiency. Consistent with that, the crk5 plants showed disturbed foliar temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress. These traits were fully or partially reverted to wild-type phenotype in crk5 wrky53 double mutant. Obtained results suggest that WRKY53 and CRK5 are antagonistic regulators of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation, senescence, and stomatal conductance.
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Khalid MF, Vincent C, Morillon R, Anjum MA, Ahmad S, Hussain S. Different strategies lead to a common outcome: different water-deficit scenarios highlight physiological and biochemical strategies of water-deficit tolerance in diploid versus tetraploid Volkamer lemon. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2359-2374. [PMID: 34077547 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity restricts citrus growth and productivity worldwide. In pot conditions, tetraploid plants tolerate water deficit more than their corresponding diploids. However, their tolerance mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we focused on which mechanisms (i.e., hydraulic, osmotic or antioxidative) confer water-deficit tolerance to tetraploids. We exposed diploid and tetraploid Volkamer lemon rootstock (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.) to quickly (fast) and slowly (slow) developing water-deficit conditions. We evaluated their physiological, antioxidative defense and osmotic adjustment responses, and mineral distribution to leaves and roots. Water-deficit conditions decreased the photosynthetic variables of both diploid and tetraploid plants. Moreover, the corresponding decrease was greater in diploids than tetraploids. Higher concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, osmoprotectants and antioxidant capacity were found in the leaves and roots of tetraploids than diploids under water deficit. Diploid plants showed fast response in slow water-deficit condition, but that response did not persist as the deficit intensified. Meanwhile, tetraploids had lower water loss, which slowed the onset of slow water deficit relative to diploids. This response allowed stronger photosynthesis, while antioxidant and osmoprotectant production allowed for further tolerance once desiccation began. Overall, our results concluded that Volkamer lemon tetraploid plants tolerate rapid and slow water deficit by maintaining their photosynthesis due to low conductance (stem or roots), which helps to avoid desiccation, and stronger biochemical defense machinery than their corresponding diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fasih Khalid
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Citrus Research and Education Centre, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Citrus Research and Education Centre, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Raphael Morillon
- Equipe SEAPAG, UMR AGAP Institut, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
- UMR AGAP Institut, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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Ma Y, Ren X, Liang C. Exogenous Ca 2+ enhances antioxidant defense in rice to simulated acid rain by regulating ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. PLANTA 2021; 254:41. [PMID: 34327596 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous calcium enhances rice tolerance to acid rain stress by regulating isozymes composition and transcriptional expression of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Calcium (Ca) participates in signal transduction in plants under abiotic stress, and addition of Ca2+ is beneficial to alleviate damage of plants caused by acid rain. To clarify the effect of exogenous Ca2+ on tolerance of plants to acid rain stress, we investigated regulation of Ca2+ (5 mM) on activities, isozymes composition and transcriptional expression of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), redox state, and H2O2 concentration and growth in rice leaves and roots under simulated acid rain (SAR) stress. SAR (pH 3.5/2.5) decreased the total activities of APX and GR in rice by decreasing the concentration of APX isoforms (APXII in leaves and APXIII in roots) as well as activation degree of GR isozymes and transcription level of GR1, indicating that SAR (pH 3.5/2.5) destroyed the redox state in rice cells and induced H2O2 excessive accumulation, and inhibited growth of rice. Exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced inhibition on activities of APX and GR by regulating the concentration, activation, and transcription of their isozymes, and then maintained the redox level of cells and protected cells from oxidative damage, being beneficial to the growth of rice. Therefore, the promotion of exogenous Ca2+ on activities of APX and GR can be important to enhance rice tolerance to acid rain by maintaining redox state and avoiding oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Rezayian M, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H. Penconazole and calcium ameliorate drought stress in canola by upregulating the antioxidative enzymes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:825-839. [PMID: 32579878 DOI: 10.1071/fp19341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to gauge the alternations in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in two cultivars (cv. RGS003 and cv. Sarigol) of canola under drought stress and drought tolerance amelioration by penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca). Plants were treated with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15%) without or with PEN (15 mg L-1) and Ca (15 mM). The Ca treatment prevented the negative effects of drought on fresh weight (FW) in RGS003 and Sarigol at 5 and 15% PEG respectively. Ca and PEN/Ca treatments caused significant induction in the proline content in Sarigol at 15% PEG; the latter treatment was accompanied by higher glycine betaine (GB), lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and growth recovery. Hydrogen peroxide (HO2) content in Sarigol was proportional to the severity of drought stress and all PEN, Ca and PEN/Ca treatments significantly reduced the H2O2 content. PEN and PEN/Ca caused alleviation of the drought-induced oxidative stress in RGS003. RGS003 cultivar exhibited significantly higher antioxidative enzymes activity at most levels of drought, which could lead to its drought tolerance and lower MDA content. In contrast to that of Sarigol, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with Ca and PEN/Ca treatments in RGS003 under low stress. The application of PEN and Ca induced significantly P5CS and SOD expression in RGS003 under drought stress after 24 h. Overall, these data demonstrated that PEN and Ca have the ability to enhance the tolerance against the drought stress in canola plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezayian
- Department of Plant Biology, and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran
| | - Vahid Niknam
- Department of Plant Biology, and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran; and Corresponding author.
| | - Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Biology, and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran
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Gao H, Wu X, Zorrilla C, Vega SE, Palta JP. Fractionating of Calcium in Tuber and Leaf Tissues Explains the Calcium Deficiency Symptoms in Potato Plant Overexpressing CAX1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1793. [PMID: 32076426 PMCID: PMC7006644 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with reports on other plants we recently reported that a potato transgenic line (AT010901) overexpressing sCAX1 show classic symptoms of calcium deficiency shoot tip injury, leaf curling, leaf margin necrosis and tuber internal defects such as hollow heart and brown spots. The present study was undertaken to quantify calcium in various fraction of leaf and tuber tissues of this transgenic and wild type potato clones to understand the development of these deficiency symptoms at normal calcium nutrition (1mM) and its mitigation at higher calcium nutrition (10mM). Plants were grown in controlled environment growth chamber and watered with balanced nutrient solution containing either 1 or 10 mM calcium. The plants overexpressing sCAX1 showed calcium deficiency symptoms while sequestering calcium in the vacuole as calcium oxalate crystals. Various fractions of calcium were qualified in the young and mature leaves as well as tuber tissue. A reduced concentration of water soluble fraction of calcium was most important factor related to the development of calcium deficiency symptoms in the line overexpressing sCAX1. Furthermore, an increase in this fraction appear to explain the alleviation of the deficiency symptoms in these transgenic plants.Ours is the first study to document the significance of water-soluble calcium in the development of calcium-deficiency symptoms in the potato transgenic lines overexpressing sCAX1. Furthermore, our result demonstrates that an increase in this fraction plays a significant role in the alleviation of calcium deficiency symptoms when calcium concentration in the nutrient media is increased. These results provide important insight on the role of sCAX1 in the calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Cinthya Zorrilla
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra E. Vega
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jiwan P. Palta
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Sadak MS, El-Enany MAM, Bakry BA, Abdallah MMS, El-Bassiou HMS. Signal Molecules Improving Growth, Yield and Biochemical Aspects of Wheat Cultivars under Water Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2020.35.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Rezayian M, Niknam V, Ebrahimzadeh H. Different effects of calcium and penconazole on primary and secondary metabolites of Brassica napus under drought. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:497-509. [PMID: 30956431 PMCID: PMC6419709 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-00634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca2+) on physiological and biochemical parameters were investigated in two canola cultivars (RGS003 and Sarigol) under water stress. Drought increased protein content in RGS003, but PEN, Ca2+ and PEN-Ca2+ treatment induced protein content in Sarigol. PEN, Ca2+ and PEN-Ca2+ treatment enhanced soluble sugar content in RGS003. In contrast to Sarigol, drought and PEN treatment induced total phenol content in RGS003. Flavonoid content increased by drought, but Ca2+ and PEN-Ca2+ treatment decreased it in both cultivars. Ca2+ and PEN-Ca2+ treatment enhanced tocopherol content in both cultivars under drought stress. Drought stress increased Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in Sarigol. PEN-Ca2+ treatment increased relative expression of PAL and its activity in RGS003. Fatty acid composition was modified by drought, PEN and Ca2+. Saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) content declined but unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) content enhanced in both cultivars under drought. The application of PEN and Ca2+ decreased unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acid) in RGS003 under drought. According to our results, PEN and Ca2+ changed physiological and biochemical parameters and therefore these compounds are suggested for reduction of the negative effects of drought stress in canola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezayian
- Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155 Iran
| | - Vahid Niknam
- Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155 Iran
| | - Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Biology, and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155 Iran
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Thabet SG, Moursi YS, Karam MA, Graner A, Alqudah AM. Genetic basis of drought tolerance during seed germination in barley. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206682. [PMID: 30388157 PMCID: PMC6214555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the harshest abiotic stresses hindering seed germination, plant growth, and crop productivity. A high rate and uniformity of germination under stressful conditions are vital for crop establishment and growth; thus, for productivity. A better understanding of the genetic architecture of seed germination under drought stress is a prerequisite for further increasing yield potential. Barley is considered one of the most abiotic stresses-tolerant cereals. Elucidating the drought tolerance of barley during seed germination would indeed pave the way towards improving the performance of all cereals. However, we still know relatively little about the genetic control of drought tolerance during the seed germination phase. In our study, 218 worldwide spring barley accessions were subjected to PEG-induced drought during seed germination. Induced drought stress "20% PEG" significantly reduced the seed germination parameters and seedling related traits. A genome-wide association scan (GWAS) was used to identify genomic regions associated with our trait of interest. In total, 338 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with several traits distributed across seven barley chromosomes, of which 26 genomic regions were associated with candidate genes. The current study found some of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have previously been reported to be linked to seed germination-related traits under drought conditions, as well as some new associations. Noteworthy, the identified QTL colocalized with a number of genes (within interval ±0.5 Mbp) that are exclusively distributed on chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 5H. The annotation of these genes in barley shows their roles in drought tolerance through encoding different transcription factors. The function of the identified genes during seed germination was also confirmed by the annotation of their counterparts in Arabidopsis. The current analyses show the power of the GWAS both for identifying putative candidate genes and for improving plant adaptive traits in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar G. Thabet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Yasser S. Moursi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum, Fayoum, Egypt
- * E-mail: , (YSM); , (AMA)
| | - Mohamed A. Karam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Fayoum, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Andreas Graner
- Research Group Genome Diversity, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT, Germany
| | - Ahmad M. Alqudah
- Research Group Resources Genetics and Reproduction, Department Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT, Germany
- * E-mail: , (YSM); , (AMA)
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18
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Ecophysiological Responses of Calcicole Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. to Drought Stress and Calcium Supply. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water deficit and high calcium (Ca2+) content and are two typical soil characteristics in the Karst region. However, the problem of whether high Ca2+ in Karst calcareous soil could increase drought tolerance in calcicole plants has not been solved. We investigated the ecophysiological responses of Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. cuttings to short-term drought stress and Ca2+ application. Drought stress (10% PEG-6000) markedly reduced relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP), and enhanced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (H2O2 and O2•−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in C. glauca leaves. Under drought treatment, exogenous Ca2+ application (20 mM CaCl2) markedly increased the RWC and WP, and reduced the H2O2, O2•−, and MDA content. Furthermore, water deficit induced a significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and increased the accumulation of osmoregulation substances. External Ca2+ alleviated drought-induced oxidative stress and osmotic stress with further increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced the accumulation of osmoregulation substances. In addition, exogenous Ca2+ treatment alleviated the reduction of the photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and chlorophyll content (SPAD), and further increased water use efficiency (WUE) under drought stress. This study confirms that exogenouos Ca2+ application induces improvements in the water status, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and photosynthesis efficiency of C. glauca under drought stress.
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19
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Oguchi R, Onoda Y, Terashima I, Tholen D. Leaf Anatomy and Function. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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20
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Ahanger MA, Morad‐Talab N, Abd‐Allah EF, Ahmad P, Hajiboland R. Plant growth under drought stress. WATER STRESS AND CROP PLANTS 2016:649-668. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119054450.ch37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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21
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Gel-Free/Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins in Soybean Root Tips under Flooding and Drought Stresses. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2211-27. [PMID: 27224218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is a widely cultivated crop; however, it is sensitive to flooding and drought stresses. The adverse environmental cues cause the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. To investigate the mechanisms in response to flooding and drought stresses, ER proteomics was performed in soybean root tips. The enzyme activity of NADH cytochrome c reductase was two-fold higher in the ER than other fractions, indicating that the ER was isolated with high purity. Protein abundance of ribosomal proteins was decreased under both stresses compared to control condition; however, the percentage of increased ribosomes was two-fold higher in flooding compared to drought. The ER proteins related to protein glycosylation and signaling were in response to both stresses. Compared to control condition, calnexin was decreased under both stresses; however, protein disulfide isomerase-like proteins and heat shock proteins were markedly decreased under flooding and drought conditions, respectively. Furthermore, fewer glycoproteins and higher levels of cytosolic calcium were identified under both stresses compared to control condition. These results suggest that reduced accumulation of glycoproteins in response to both stresses might be due to dysfunction of protein folding through calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Additionally, the increased cytosolic calcium levels induced by flooding and drought stresses might disturb the ER environment for proper protein folding in soybean root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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22
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Peng D, Wang X, Peng Y, He X, Zhang X, Ma X, Huang L, Yan Y. Polyamine regulates tolerance to water stress in leaves of white clover associated with antioxidant defense and dehydrin genes via involvement in calcium messenger system and hydrogen peroxide signaling. Front Physiol 2015; 6:280. [PMID: 26528187 PMCID: PMC4600907 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous polyamine (PA) may play a critical role in tolerance to water stress in plants acting as a signaling molecule activator. Water stress caused increases in endogenous PA content in leaves, including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm). Exogenous application of Spd could induce the instantaneous H2O2 burst and accumulation of cytosolic free Ca2+, and activate NADPH oxidase and CDPK gene expression in cells. To a great extent, PA biosynthetic inhibitor reduced the water stress-induced H2O2 accumulation, free cytosolic Ca2+ release, antioxidant enzyme activities and genes expression leading to aggravate water stress-induced oxidative damage, while these suppressing effects were alleviated by the addition of exogenous Spd, indicating PA was involved in water stress-induced H2O2 and cytosolic free Ca2+ production as well as stress tolerance. Dehydrin genes (Y2SK, Y2K, and SK2) were showed to be highly responsive to exogenous Spd. PA-induced antioxidant defense and dehydrin genes expression could be blocked by the scavenger of H2O2 and the inhibitors of H2O2 generation or Ca2+ channels blockers, a calmodulin antagonist, as well as the inhibitor of CDPK. These findings suggested that PA regulated tolerance to water stress in white clover associated with antioxidant defenses and dehydrins via involvement in the calcium messenger system and H2O2 signaling pathways. PA-induced H2O2 production required Ca2+ release, while PA-induced Ca2+ release was also essential for H2O2 production, suggesting an interaction between PA-induced H2O2 and Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshuang He
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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Pandey GK, Kanwar P, Singh A, Steinhorst L, Pandey A, Yadav AK, Tokas I, Sanyal SK, Kim BG, Lee SC, Cheong YH, Kudla J, Luan S. Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase CIPK21 Regulates Osmotic and Salt Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:780-92. [PMID: 26198257 PMCID: PMC4577403 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of calcium-mediated signaling has been extensively studied in plant responses to abiotic stress signals. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) constitute a complex signaling network acting in diverse plant stress responses. Osmotic stress imposed by soil salinity and drought is a major abiotic stress that impedes plant growth and development and involves calcium-signaling processes. In this study, we report the functional analysis of CIPK21, an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CBL-interacting protein kinase, ubiquitously expressed in plant tissues and up-regulated under multiple abiotic stress conditions. The growth of a loss-of-function mutant of CIPK21, cipk21, was hypersensitive to high salt and osmotic stress conditions. The calcium sensors CBL2 and CBL3 were found to physically interact with CIPK21 and target this kinase to the tonoplast. Moreover, preferential localization of CIPK21 to the tonoplast was detected under salt stress condition when coexpressed with CBL2 or CBL3. These findings suggest that CIPK21 mediates responses to salt stress condition in Arabidopsis, at least in part, by regulating ion and water homeostasis across the vacuolar membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Poonam Kanwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Akhlilesh K Yadav
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Indu Tokas
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Sung-Chul Lee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yong-Hwa Cheong
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India (G.K.P., P.K., A.S., A.P., A.K.Y., I.T., S.K.S.);Molekulargenetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, 48149 Muenster, Germany (L.S., J.K.);Department of Molecular Breeding, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju 560-500, Korea (B.-G.K.);Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (B.-G.K., S.-C.L., Y.-H.C., S.L.);Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, HeukSeok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea (S.-C.L.); andDepartment of Bio-Environmental Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea (Y.-H.C.)
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Hairat S, Khurana P. Improving Photosynthetic Responses during Recovery from Heat Treatments with Brassinosteroid and Calcium Chloride in Indian Bread Wheat Cultivars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.611184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu C, Li X, Zhang L. The effect of calcium chloride on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant responses of Zoysia japonica under drought conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68214. [PMID: 23844172 PMCID: PMC3699550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few attempts have been made to study the alleviating effects of signal molecules on zoysiagrass (Zoysiajaponica) under drought stress. Calcium chloride has been shown to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on many plants. It is necessary to investigate how to enhance drought tolerance of zoysiagrass using calcium chloride. The study elucidated the effects of calcium chloride on zoysiagrass under drought conditions by investigating the following parameters: biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzymes, proline content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Experimental conditions consisted of an aqueous CaCl2 solution at 5, 10, and 20 mM sprayed on zoysiagrass leaves for 3 d, following by an inducement of drought conditions by withholding water for 16 d. Under drought conditions, all CaCl2 pretreatments were found to increase the above-ground fresh biomass, as well as below-ground fresh and dry biomass. The resulting Chl (a, b, a+b) contents of the 5 and 10 mM CaCl2 pretreatment groups were higher than those of the control. In the later stages of drought conditions, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm was higher in leaves treated with 10 mM CaCl2 than in the leaves of the other two treatment groups. Zoysiagrass pretreated with 10 mM CaCl2 possessed both the maximum observed Pn and antioxidant enzyme activities. Meanwhile, lower MDA and proline contents were recorded in the plants pretreated with 5 and 10 mM CaCl2 under drought conditions. As a whole, the drought tolerance of zoysiagrass was improved to some extent by the application of a moderate calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang,China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
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Shanker AK, Maddaala A, Kumar MA, Yadav SK, Maheswari M, Venkateswarlu B. In silico targeted genome mining and comparative modelling reveals a putative protein similar to an Arabidopsis drought tolerance DNA binding transcription factor in Chromosome 6 of Sorghum bicolor genome. Interdiscip Sci 2012; 4:133-41. [PMID: 22843236 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-012-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Thaliana HARDY (AtHRD) is a gene with an APETELA 2 / Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) domain linked to improved performance under drought in rice. We hypothesized that the sorghum genome could possess a similar gene product and were motivated to conduct a computational genome scale mining for the protein and analyse its structural and functional properties. AtHRD sequence was used as a query to BLAST against the sorghum genome dataset followed by multiple alignment analysis. A homology model of the target was built using a template detected based on the pair-wise comparison of hidden Markov models for alignments. DNA docking with a matrix of homologous interface contacts was done. Functional and structural analysis of the query and target was conducted using various online servers. A High-scoring segment pair from Chromosome 6 of the sorghum genome in the region between 54948120 and 54948668 had 68 amino acid similarities out of the 184 residues and was 1.4% above twilight zone threshold. The homology model showed 86.8% residues in most favoured regions. The target protein which had an AP2/ERF domain when docked with GCC box DNA motif had conserved residues involved in binding; it had a long unstructured region beyond the AP2 domain with several motifs for the recognition of serine/threonine protein kinase group. The protein model showed that it could bind to a GCC box which is present in several drought responsive genes. The presence of possible signalling domains and intrinsic disorder in the target protein suggest that this could play a role in drought tolerance which is an inherent character of sorghum. These results offer a jumpstart for validation experiments which could pave the way for cis/trans genic improvement of a range of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Shanker
- Division of Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santosh Nagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500059, India.
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Fang R, Hu D, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhao W, Liu L, Cheng J, Qi J, Yang Y. Sequence analysis and expression of the calmodulin gene, MCaM-3, in mulberry (Morus L.). Genes Genomics 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-010-0124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Upadhyaya H, Panda SK, Dutta BK. CaCl2 improves post-drought recovery potential in Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:495-503. [PMID: 21153899 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress affects the growth and productivity of the tea plant. However, the damage caused is not permanent. The present investigation studies the effect of CaCl(2) on antioxidative responses of tea during post-drought recovery. Increase in dry mass, proline and phenolic content of leaf with decrease in H(2)O(2) and lipid peroxidation and increased activities of enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POX and GR in response to increased foliar CaCl(2) concentration are indications for the recovery of stress-induced oxidative damage and thus improving post-stress recovery potential of Camellia sinensis genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Upadhyaya
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar 788011, India.
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Li YZ, Pan YH, Sun CB, Dong HT, Luo XL, Wang ZQ, Tang JL, Chen B. An ordered EST catalogue and gene expression profiles of cassava (Manihot esculenta) at key growth stages. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 74:573-90. [PMID: 20957510 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA library was constructed from the root tissues of cassava variety Huanan 124 at the root bulking stage. A total of 9,600 cDNA clones from the library were sequenced with single-pass from the 5'-terminus to establish a catalogue of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Assembly of the resulting EST sequences resulted in 2,878 putative unigenes. Blastn analysis showed that 62.6% of the unigenes matched with known cassava ESTs and the rest had no 'hits' against the cassava database in the integrative PlantGDB database. Blastx analysis showed that 1,715 (59.59%) of the unigenes matched with one or more GenBank protein entries and 1,163 (40.41%) had no 'hits'. A cDNA microarray with 2,878 unigenes was developed and used to analyze gene expression profiling of Huanan 124 at key growth stages including seedling, formation of root system, root bulking, and starch maturity. Array data analysis revealed that (1) the higher ratio of up-regulated ribosome-related genes was accompanied by a high ratio of up-regulated ubiquitin, proteasome-related and protease genes in cassava roots; (2) starch formation and degradation simultaneously occur at the early stages of root development but starch degradation is declined partially due to decrease in UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity with root maturity; (3) starch may also be synthesized in situ in roots; (4) starch synthesis, translocation, and accumulation are also associated probably with signaling pathways that parallel Wnt, LAM, TCS and ErbB signaling pathways in animals; (5) constitutive expression of stress-responsive genes may be due to the adaptation of cassava to harsh environments during long-term evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Zhi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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