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Wang Y, Sun X, Peng J, Li F, Ali F, Wang Z. Regulation of seed germination: ROS, epigenetic, and hormonal aspects. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00225-X. [PMID: 38838783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whole life of a plant is regulated by complex environmental or hormonal signaling networks that control genomic stability, environmental signal transduction, and gene expression affecting plant development and viability. Seed germination, responsible for the transformation from seed to seedling, is a key initiation step in plant growth and is controlled by unique physiological and biochemical processes. It is continuously modulated by various factors including epigenetic modifications, hormone transport, ROS signaling, and interaction among them. ROS showed versatile crucial functions in seed germination including various physiological oxidations to nucleic acid, protein, lipid, or chromatin in the cytoplasm, cell wall, and nucleus. AIM of review: This review intends to provide novel insights into underlying mechanisms of seed germination especially associated with the ROS, and considers how these versatile regulatory mechanisms can be developed as useful tools for crop improvement. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We have summarized the generation and elimination of ROS during seed germination, with a specific focus on uncovering and understanding the mechanisms of seed germination at the level of phytohormones, ROS, and epigenetic switches, as well as the close connections between them. The findings exhibit that ROS plays multiple roles in regulating the ethylene, ABA, and GA homeostasis as well as the Ca2+ signaling, NO signaling, and MAPK cascade in seed germination via either the signal trigger or the oxidative modifier agent. Further, ROS shows the potential in the nuclear genome remodeling and some epigenetic modifiers function, although the detailed mechanisms are unclear in seed germination. We propose that ROS functions as a hub in the complex network regulating seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakong Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Peng
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China
| | - Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
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Liu Y, Zhu C, Yue X, Lin Z, Li H, Di X, Wang J, Gao Z. Evolutionary relationship of moso bamboo forms and a multihormone regulatory cascade involving culm shape variation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38743918 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) known as Mao Zhu (MZ) in Chinese exhibits various forms with distinct morphological characteristics. However, the evolutionary relationship among MZ forms and the mechanisms of culm shape variation are still lacking. Here, the main differences among MZ forms were identified as culm shape variation, which were confirmed by analysing MZ forms (799 bamboo culms) and MZ (458 bamboo culms) populations. To unravel the genetic basis underlying the morphological variations, 20 MZ forms were subjected to whole-genome resequencing. Further analysis yielded 3 230 107 high-quality SNPs and uncovered low genetic diversity and high genotype heterozygosity associated with MZ forms' formation. By integrating the SNP data of 427 MZ individuals representing 15 geographic regions, the origins of eight MZ forms were successfully traced using the phylogenetic tree and the identified common heterozygous loci. Meanwhile, transcriptomic analysis was performed using shoots from MZ and its two forms with culm shape variation. The results, combined with genomic analyses, demonstrated that hormone signalling related genes played crucial roles in culm variation. Co-expression network analysis uncovered genes associated with multiple plant hormone signal transduction, especially auxin and cytokinin were involved in culm shape variation. Furthermore, the regulatory relationships of a specific transcription factor and their target genes associated with auxin and ethylene signalling were validated by yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and dual-luciferase reporter. Overall, this study provides important insights into the culm shape variation formation in bamboo, which facilitates to breed new varieties with novel culms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghua Yue
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya, China
| | - Zeming Lin
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Di
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
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Yan F, Wei T, Yang C, Yang Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y. Combined Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Revealed Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Zelkova schneideriana. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:488. [PMID: 38674422 PMCID: PMC11050531 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zelkova schneideriana Hand.-Mazz is a valuable ornamental tree and timber source, whose seedling breeding and large-scale cultivation are restricted by low seed germination and seedling rates. The regulatory mechanisms underlying seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana remain unknown. This study conducted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana. Regular expression of genes and metabolite levels has been observed in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The reduction in abscisic acid during seed germination may lead to seed release from dormancy. After the seed is released from dormancy, the metabolic levels of auxin, cytokinins, brassinolide, and various sugars are elevated, and they are consumed in large quantities during the seedling establishment stage. Linoleic acid metabolism is gradually activated during seedling establishment. Transcriptome analysis showed that a large number of genes in different metabolic pathways are upregulated during plant establishment, and material metabolism may be accelerated during seedling establishment. Genes regulating carbohydrate metabolism are altered during seed germination and seedling establishment, which may have altered the efficiency of carbohydrate utilization. In addition, the syntheses of lignin monomers and cellulose have different characteristics at different stages. These results provide new insights into the complex mechanisms underlying seed germination and seedling establishment in Z. schneideriana and other woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Tangmei Wei
- Xingyi Forestry Bureau, Qianxinan Prefecture Guizhou, Guiyang 562400, China;
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yanbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zaiqi Luo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yunli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China; (F.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.J.)
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4
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Wang X, Wei J, Wu J, Shi B, Wang P, Alabd A, Wang D, Gao Y, Ni J, Bai S, Teng Y. Transcription factors BZR2/MYC2 modulate brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid crosstalk during pear dormancy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1794-1814. [PMID: 38036294 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an important physiological process during winter. Its release requires a certain period of chilling. In pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced expression of DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes represses bud break, whereas exogenous gibberellin (GA) promotes dormancy release. However, with the exception of ABA and GA, the regulatory effects of phytohormones on dormancy remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed brassinosteroids (BRs) and jasmonic acid (JA) contribute to pear bud dormancy release. If chilling accumulation is insufficient, both 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) can promote pear bud break, implying that they positively regulate dormancy release. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 2 (BZR2), which is a BR-responsive transcription factor, inhibited PpyDAM3 expression and accelerated pear bud break. The transient overexpression of PpyBZR2 increased endogenous GA, JA, and JA-Ile levels. In addition, the direct interaction between PpyBZR2 and MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (PpyMYC2) enhanced the PpyMYC2-mediated activation of Gibberellin 20-oxidase genes PpyGA20OX1L1 and PpyGA20OX2L2 transcription, thereby increasing GA3 contents and accelerating pear bud dormancy release. Interestingly, treatment with 5 μm MeJA increased the bud break rate, while also enhancing PpyMYC2-activated PpyGA20OX expression and increasing GA3,4 contents. The 100 μm MeJA treatment decreased the PpyMYC2-mediated activation of the PpyGA20OX1L1 and PpyGA20OX2L2 promoters and suppressed the inhibitory effect of PpyBZR2 on PpyDAM3 transcription, ultimately inhibiting pear bud break. In summary, our data provide insights into the crosstalk between the BR and JA signaling pathways that regulate the BZR2/MYC2-mediated pathway in the pear dormancy release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Wang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jia Wei
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Baojing Shi
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peihui Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ahmed Alabd
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Duanni Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
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Hu K, Dai Q, Ajayo BS, Wang H, Hu Y, Li Y, Huang H, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao L, Xie Y. Insights into ZmWAKL in maize kernel development: genome-wide investigation and GA-mediated transcription. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:760. [PMID: 38082218 PMCID: PMC10712088 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional roles of the Wall Associated Kinase (WAK) and Wall Associated Kinase Like (WAKL) families in cellular expansion and developmental processes have been well-established. However, the molecular regulation of these kinases in maize development is limited due to the absence of comprehensive genome-wide studies. RESULTS Through an in-depth analysis, we identified 58 maize WAKL genes, and classified them into three distinct phylogenetic clusters. Moreover, structural prediction analysis showed functional conservation among WAKLs across maize. Promoter analysis uncovered the existence of cis-acting elements associated with the transcriptional regulation of ZmWAKL genes by Gibberellic acid (GA). To further elucidate the role of WAKL genes in maize kernels, we focused on three highly expressed genes, viz ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42 and ZmWAKL52. Co-expression analyses revealed that their expression patterns exhibited a remarkable correlation with GA-responsive transcription factors (TF) TF5, TF6, and TF8, which displayed preferential expression in kernels. RT-qPCR analysis validated the upregulation of ZmWAKL38, ZmWAKL42, ZmWAKL52, TF5, TF6, and TF8 following GA treatment. Additionally, ZmWAKL52 showed significant increase of transcription in the present of TF8, with ZmWAKL52 localizing in both the plasma membrane and cell wall. TF5 positively regulated ZmWAKL38, while TF6 positively regulated ZmWAKL42. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the characterization and regulatory mechanisms of specific ZmWAKL genes involved in maize kernel development, offering prospects for their utilization in maize breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co.Ltd, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Qiao Dai
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Babatope Samuel Ajayo
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ying Xie
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Crop Science Education, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Qiao L, Wu Q, Yuan L, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Q, Shahzad N, Li H, Li W. SMALL PLANT AND ORGAN 1 ( SPO1) Encoding a Cellulose Synthase-like Protein D4 (OsCSLD4) Is an Important Regulator for Plant Architecture and Organ Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16974. [PMID: 38069299 PMCID: PMC10707047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the small plant and organ 1 (spo1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that SPO1 is allelic with OsCSLD4, a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the spo1 mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of SPO1 in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the spo1 mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of SPO1/OsCSLD4 function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in spo1. Taken together, we suggest the functional role of SPO1/OsCSLD4 in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Liuzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Qinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
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7
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Yin L, Zhang X, Gao A, Cao M, Yang D, An K, Guo S, Yin H. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase ( ACS) Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4021. [PMID: 38068656 PMCID: PMC10707884 DOI: 10.3390/plants12234021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene plays an important role in plant development and stress resistance. The rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS). C. quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an important food crop known for its strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, knowledge regarding the ACS gene family in C. quinoa remains restricted. In this study, we successfully identified 12 ACS genes (CqACSs) from the C. quinoa genome. Through thorough analysis of their sequences and phylogenetic relationships, it was verified that 8 out of these 12 CqACS isozymes exhibited substantial resemblance to ACS isozymes possessing ACS activity. Furthermore, these eight isozymes could be categorized into three distinct groups. The four remaining CqACS genes grouped under category IV displayed notable similarities with AtACS10 and AtACS12, known as amido transferases lacking ACS activity. The CqACS proteins bore resemblance to the AtACS proteins and had the characteristic structural features typically observed in plant ACS enzymes. Twelve CqACS genes were distributed across 8 out of the 18 chromosomes of C. quinoa. The CqACS genes were expanded from segment duplication. Many cis-regulatory elements related with various abiotic stresses, phytohormones, and light were found. The expression patterns of ACS genes varied across different tissues of C. quinoa. Furthermore, the analysis of gene expression patterns under abiotic stress showed that CqACS genes can be responsive to various stresses, implying their potential functions in adapting to various abiotic stresses. The findings from this research serve as a foundation for delving deeper into the functional roles of CqACS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Aihong Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Dongdong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Kexin An
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Shanli Guo
- College of Grassland Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- High-Efficiency Agricultural Technology Industry Research Institute of Saline and Alkaline Land of Dongying, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257300, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in the Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haibo Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (A.G.); (M.C.); (D.Y.); (K.A.)
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8
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Bai Y, Wang Z, Luo L, Xuan X, Tang W, Qu Z, Dong T, Qi Z, Yu M, Wu W, Fang J, Wang C. Characterization of VvmiR166s-Target Modules and Their Interaction Pathways in Modulation of Gibberellic-Acid-Induced Grape Seedless Berries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16279. [PMID: 38003470 PMCID: PMC10670991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous GA is widely used to efficiently induce grape seedless berry development for significantly improving berry quality. Recently, we found that VvmiR166s are important regulators of response to GA in grapes, but its roles in GA-induced seedless grape berry development remain elusive. Here, the precise sequences of VvmiR166s and their targets VvREV, VvHB15 and VvHOX32 were determined in grape cv. 'Rosario Bianco', and the cleavage interactions of VvmiR166s-VvHB15/VvHOX32/VvREV modules and the variations in their cleavage roles were confirmed in grape berries. Exogenous GA treatment significantly induced a change in their expression correlations from positive to negative between VvmiR166s and their target genes at the seeds during the stone-hardening stages (32 DAF-46 DAF) in grape berries, indicating exogenous GA change action modes of VvmiR166s on their targets in this process, in which exogenous GA mainly enhanced the negative regulatory roles of VvmiR166s on VvHB15 among all three VvmiR166s-target pairs. The transient OE-VvmiR166a-h/OE-VvHB15 in tobacco confirmed that out of the VvmiR166 family, VvmiR166h/a/b might be the main factors in modulating lignin synthesis through inhibiting VvHB15, of which VvmiR166h-VvHB15-NtPAL4/NtCCR1/NtCCR2/NtCCoAMT5/NtCOMT1 and VvmiR166a/b-VvHB15-NtCAD1 are the potential key regulatory modules in lignin synthesis. Together with the GA-induced expression modes of VvmiR166s-VvHB15 and genes related to lignin synthesis in grape berries, we revealed that GA might repress lignin synthesis mainly by repressing VvCAD1/VvCCR2/VvPAL2/VvPAL3/Vv4CL/VvLac7 levels via mediating VvmiR166s-VvHB15 modules in GA-induced grape seedless berries. Our findings present a novel insight into the roles of VvmiR66s that are responsive to GA in repressing the lignin synthesis of grape seedless berries, with different lignin-synthesis-enzyme-dependent action pathways in diverse plants, which have important implications for the molecular breeding of high-quality seedless grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Bai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Zhuangwei Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Pomology, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Linjia Luo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Xuxian Xuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Ziyang Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Tianyu Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Ziyang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Mucheng Yu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Weimin Wu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Pomology, Nanjing 210014, China; (Z.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.B.)
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9
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Favreau B, Gaal C, Pereira de Lima I, Droc G, Roques S, Sotillo A, Guérard F, Cantonny V, Gakière B, Leclercq J, Lafarge T, de Raissac M. A multi-level approach reveals key physiological and molecular traits in the response of two rice genotypes subjected to water deficit at the reproductive stage. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:229-257. [PMID: 37822730 PMCID: PMC10564380 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is more vulnerable to drought than maize, wheat, and sorghum because its water requirements remain high throughout the rice life cycle. The effects of drought vary depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the events, as well as on the rice genotype and developmental stage. It can affect all levels of organization, from genes to the cells, tissues, and/or organs. In this study, a moderate water deficit was applied to two contrasting rice genotypes, IAC 25 and CIRAD 409, during their reproductive stage. Multi-level transcriptomic, metabolomic, physiological, and morphological analyses were performed to investigate the complex traits involved in their response to drought. Weighted gene network correlation analysis was used to identify the specific molecular mechanisms regulated by each genotype, and the correlations between gene networks and phenotypic traits. A holistic analysis of all the data provided a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms regulated by each genotype, and enabled the identification of gene markers. Under non-limiting water conditions, CIRAD 409 had a denser shoot, but shoot growth was slower despite better photosynthetic performance. Under water deficit, CIRAD 409 was weakly affected regardless of the plant level analyzed. In contrast, IAC 25 had reduced growth and reproductive development. It regulated transcriptomic and metabolic activities at a high level, and activated a complex gene regulatory network involved in growth-limiting processes. By comparing two contrasting genotypes, the present study identified the regulation of some fundamental processes and gene markers, that drive rice development, and influence its response to water deficit, in particular, the importance of the biosynthetic and regulatory pathways for cell wall metabolism. These key processes determine the biological and mechanical properties of the cell wall and thus influence plant development, organ expansion, and turgor maintenance under water deficit. Our results also question the genericity of the antagonism between morphogenesis and organogenesis observed in the two genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Favreau
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Camille Gaal
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Gaétan Droc
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Sandrine Roques
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Armel Sotillo
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Florence Guérard
- Plateforme Métabolisme‐MétabolomeInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris‐Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d'Evry, Université de ParisGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Valérie Cantonny
- Plateforme Métabolisme‐MétabolomeInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris‐Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d'Evry, Université de ParisGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme‐MétabolomeInstitute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris‐Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d'Evry, Université de ParisGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Julie Leclercq
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Tanguy Lafarge
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Marcel de Raissac
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
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10
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Zárate-López MA, Quintana-Rodríguez E, Orona-Tamayo D, Aguilar-Hernández V, Araujo-León JA, Brito-Argáez L, Molina-Torres J, Hernández-Flores JL, Loyola-Vargas VM, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Lozoya-Gloria E. Metabolic Responses of the Microalga Neochloris oleoabundans to Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14172. [PMID: 37762475 PMCID: PMC10531809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressed organisms identify intracellular molecules released from damaged cells due to trauma or pathogen infection as components of the innate immune response. These molecules called DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) are extracellular ATP, sugars, and extracellular DNA, among others. Animals and plants can recognize their own DNA applied externally (self-exDNA) as a DAMP with a high degree of specificity. However, little is known about the microalgae responses to damage when exposed to DAMPs and specifically to self-exDNAs. Here we compared the response of the oilseed microalgae Neochloris oleoabundans to self-exDNA, with the stress responses elicited by nonself-exDNA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). We analyzed the peroxidase enzyme activity related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the production of polyphenols, lipids, triacylglycerols, and phytohormones. After 5 min of addition, self-exDNA induced peroxidase enzyme activity higher than the other elicitors. Polyphenols and lipids were increased by self-exDNA at 48 and 24 h, respectively. Triacylglycerols were increased with all elicitors from addition and up to 48 h, except with nonself-exDNA. Regarding phytohormones, self-exDNA and MeJA increased gibberellic acid, isopentenyladenine, and benzylaminopurine at 24 h. Results show that Neochloris oleoabundans have self-exDNA specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica A. Zárate-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Elizabeth Quintana-Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Domancar Orona-Tamayo
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Víctor Aguilar-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Jesús A. Araujo-León
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Ligia Brito-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
| | - José Luis Hernández-Flores
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
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11
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Yao T, Zhang J, Yates TB, Shrestha HK, Engle NL, Ployet R, John C, Feng K, Bewg WP, Chen MSS, Lu H, Harding SA, Qiao Z, Jawdy SS, Shu M, Yuan W, Mozaffari K, Harman-Ware AE, Happs RM, York LM, Binder BM, Yoshinaga Y, Daum C, Tschaplinski TJ, Abraham PE, Tsai CJ, Barry K, Lipzen A, Schmutz J, Tuskan GA, Chen JG, Muchero W. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping identified PtrXB38 as a key hub gene in adventitious root development in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:2248-2264. [PMID: 37488708 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant establishment requires the formation and development of an extensive root system with architecture modulated by complex genetic networks. Here, we report the identification of the PtrXB38 gene as an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) hotspot, mapped using 390 leaf and 444 xylem Populus trichocarpa transcriptomes. Among predicted targets of this trans-eQTL were genes involved in plant hormone responses and root development. Overexpression of PtrXB38 in Populus led to significant increases in callusing and formation of both stem-born roots and base-born adventitious roots. Omics studies revealed that genes and proteins controlling auxin transport and signaling were involved in PtrXB38-mediated adventitious root formation. Protein-protein interaction assays indicated that PtrXB38 interacts with components of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport machinery, implying that PtrXB38-regulated root development may be mediated by regulating endocytosis pathway. Taken together, this work identified a crucial root development regulator and sheds light on the discovery of other plant developmental regulators through combining eQTL mapping and omics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yao
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Timothy B Yates
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Him K Shrestha
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Nancy L Engle
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Raphael Ployet
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Cai John
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kai Feng
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - William Patrick Bewg
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Margot S S Chen
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Haiwei Lu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Academic Education, Central Community College - Hastings, Hastings, NE, 68902, USA
| | - Scott A Harding
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Qiao
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sara S Jawdy
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Mengjun Shu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Khadijeh Mozaffari
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anne E Harman-Ware
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Renee M Happs
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher Daum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Kerrie Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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12
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Guo B, Liu M, Yang H, Dai L, Wang L. Brassinosteroids Regulate the Water Deficit and Latex Yield of Rubber Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12857. [PMID: 37629038 PMCID: PMC10454136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinolide (BR) is an important plant hormone that regulates the growth and development of plants and the formation of yield. The yield and quality of latex from Hevea brasiliensis are regulated by phytohormones. The understanding of gene network regulation mechanism of latex formation in rubber trees is still very limited. In this research, the rubber tree variety CATAS73397 was selected to analyze the relationship between BR, water deficit resistance, and latex yield. The results showed that BR improves the vitality of rubber trees under water deficit by increasing the rate of photosynthesis, reducing the seepage of osmotic regulatory substances, increasing the synthesis of energy substances, and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, BR increased the yield and quality of latex by reducing the plugging index and elevating the lutoid bursting index without decreasing mercaptan, sucrose, and inorganic phosphorus. This was confirmed by an increased expression of genes related to latex flow. RNA-seq analysis further indicated that DEG encoded proteins were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and sucrose metabolism. Phytohormone content displayed significant differences, in that trans-Zeatin, ethylene, salicylic acid, kinetin, and cytokinin were induced by BR, whereas auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were not. In summary, the current research lays a foundation for comprehending the molecular mechanism of latex formation in rubber trees and explores the potential candidate genes involved in natural rubber biosynthesis to provide useful information for further research in relevant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Key Laboratory for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (B.G.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (L.D.)
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13
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Gundaraniya SA, Ambalam PS, Budhwar R, Padhiyar SM, Tomar RS. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the stress response in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) subjected to drought-stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6691-6701. [PMID: 37378750 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the valuable oilseed crops grown in drought-prone areas worldwide. Drought severely limits peanut production and productivity significantly. METHOD AND RESULTS In order to decipher the drought tolerance mechanism in peanut under drought stress, RNA sequencing was performed in TAG - 24 (drought tolerant genotype) and JL-24 (drought susceptible genotype). Approximately 51 million raw reads were generated from four different libraries of two genotypes subjected to drought stress exerted by 20% PEG 6000 stress and control conditions, of which ~ 41 million (80.87%) filtered reads were mapped to the Arachis hypogaea L. reference genome. The transcriptome analysis detected 1,629 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 186 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) and 30,199 SSR among the identified DEGs. Among the differentially expressed TF encoding genes, the highest number of genes were WRKY followed by bZIP, C2H2, and MYB during drought stress. The comparative analysis between the two genotypes revealed that TAG-24 exhibits activation of certain key genes and transcriptional factors that are involved in essential biological processes. Specifically, TAG-24 showed activation of genes involved in the plant hormone signaling pathway such as PYL9, Auxin response receptor gene, and ABA. Additionally, genes related to water deprivation such as LEA protein and those involved in combating oxidative damage such as Glutathione reductase were also found to be activated in TAG-24. CONCLUSION This genome-wide transcription map, therefore, provides a valuable tool for future transcript profiling under drought stress and enriches the genetic resources available for this important oilseed crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srutiben A Gundaraniya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University Rajkot, Christ Campus, 360005, Vidya Niketan, Gujarat, India
| | - Padma S Ambalam
- Christ Campus, Saurashtra University, 360005, Vidya Niketan, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Roli Budhwar
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shital M Padhiyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, 362001, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Rukam S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Junagadh Agricultural University, 362001, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.
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14
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Yu Q, Xiong Y, Su X, Xiong Y, Dong Z, Zhao J, Shu X, Bai S, Lei X, Yan L, Ma X. Integrating Full-Length Transcriptome and RNA Sequencing of Siberian Wildrye ( Elymus sibiricus) to Reveal Molecular Mechanisms in Response to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2719. [PMID: 37514333 PMCID: PMC10385362 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most significant limiting factors affecting plant growth and development on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Mining the drought-tolerant genes of the endemic perennial grass of the QTP, Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus), is of great significance to creating new drought-resistant varieties which can be used in the development of grassland livestock and restoring natural grassland projects in the QTP. To investigate the transcriptomic responsiveness of E. sibiricus to drought stress, PEG-induced short- and long-term drought stress was applied to two Siberian wildrye genotypes (drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive accessions), followed by third- and second-generation transcriptome sequencing analysis. A total of 40,708 isoforms were detected, of which 10,659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were common to both genotypes. There were 2107 and 2498 unique DEGs in the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes, respectively. Additionally, 2798 and 1850 DEGs were identified in the drought-tolerant genotype only under short- and long-term conditions, respectively. DEGs numbering 1641 and 1330 were identified in the drought-sensitive genotype only under short- and long-term conditions, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that all the DEGs responding to drought stress in E. sibiricus were mainly associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAKP) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, the ribosome pathway, and plant circadian rhythms. In addition, Nitrate transporter 1/Peptide transporter family protein 3.1 (NPF3.1) and Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA) family protein 31(IAA31) also played an important role in helping E. sibiricus resist drought. This study used transcriptomics to investigate how E. sibiricus responds to drought stress, and may provide genetic resources and references for research into the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in native perennial grasses and for breeding drought-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanli Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhixiao Dong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junming Zhao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Shu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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15
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Kaźmierczak A, Tarkowská D, Plačková L, Doniak M, Doležal K. Hormonal crosstalk controls cell death induced by kinetin in roots of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11661. [PMID: 37468550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of vitality/mortality of cortex cells, as well as of the concentrations of ethylene (ETH), gibberellins (GAs), indolic compounds/auxins (ICs/AUXs) and cytokinins (CKs), were undertaken to explain the hormonal background of kinetin (Kin)-regulated cell death (RCD), which is induced in the cortex of the apical parts of roots of faba bean (Vicia faba ssp. minor) seedlings. Quantification was carried out with fluorescence microscopy, ETH sensors, spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS). The results indicated that Kin was metabolized to the transport form, i.e., kinetin-9-glucoside (Kin9G) and kinetin riboside (KinR). KinR was then converted to cis-zeatin (cZ) in apical parts of roots with meristems, to cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) in apical parts of roots without meristems and finally to cis-zeatin riboside 5'-monophosphate (cZR5'MP), which is indicated to be a ligand of cytokinin-dependent receptors inducing CD. The process may be enhanced by an increase in the amount of dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) as a byproduct of the pathway of zeatin metabolism. It seems that crosstalk of ETH, ICs/AUXs, GAs and CKs with the cZR5'MP, the cis-zeatin-dependent pathway, but not the trans-zeatin-dependent pathway, is responsible for Kin-RCD, indicating that the process is very specific and offers a useful model for studies of CD hallmarks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Center of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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16
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Liu X, Chen Z, Huang L, Ouyang Y, Wang Z, Wu S, Ye W, Yu B, Zhang Y, Yang C, Lai J. Salicylic acid attenuates brassinosteroid signaling via protein de-S-acylation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112998. [PMID: 37211868 PMCID: PMC10308364 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant hormones involved in many aspects of development. Here, we show that BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs), key components of the BR pathway, are precisely controlled via de-S-acylation mediated by the defense hormone salicylic acid (SA). Most Arabidopsis BSK members are substrates of S-acylation, a reversible protein lipidation that is essential for their membrane localization and physiological function. We establish that SA interferes with the plasma membrane localization and function of BSKs by decreasing their S-acylation levels, identifying ABAPT11 (ALPHA/BETA HYDROLASE DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 17-LIKE ACYL PROTEIN THIOESTERASE 11) as an enzyme whose expression is quickly induced by SA. ABAPT11 de-S-acylates most BSK family members, thus integrating BR and SA signaling for the control of plant development. In summary, we show that BSK-mediated BR signaling is regulated by SA-induced protein de-S-acylation, which improves our understanding of the function of protein modifications in plant hormone cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liting Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Youwei Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weixian Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Boya Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
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17
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Zhu J, Liu X, Huang W, An R, Xu X, Li P. 2,4-epibrassinolide delays leaf senescence in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) by regulating its chlorophyll metabolic pathway and endogenous hormones content. Gene 2023:147531. [PMID: 37286019 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhen Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
| | - Wen Huang
- Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ronghui An
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pengxia Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
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18
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Liu D, Yan G, Wang S, Yu L, Lin W, Lu S, Guo L, Yang QY, Dai C. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the multiple levels of crosstalk in phytohormone networks in Brassica napus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37154465 PMCID: PMC10363766 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are the intrinsic factors that control plant development. The integration of different phytohormone pathways in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions has been elucidated in model plants. However, the systemic level of transcriptional responses to hormone crosstalk in Brassica napus is largely unknown. Here, we present an in-depth temporal-resolution study of the transcriptomes of the seven hormones in B. napus seedlings. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed few common target genes that co-regulated (up- and down-regulated) by seven hormones; instead, different hormones appear to regulate distinct members of protein families. We then constructed the regulatory networks between the seven hormones side by side, which allowed us to identify key genes and transcription factors that regulate the hormone crosstalk in B. napus. Using this dataset, we uncovered a novel crosstalk between gibberellin and cytokinin in which cytokinin homeostasis was mediated by RGA-related CKXs expression. Moreover, the modulation of gibberellin metabolism by the identified key transcription factors was confirmed in B. napus. Furthermore, all data were available online from http://yanglab.hzau.edu.cn/BnTIR/hormone. Our study reveals an integrated hormone crosstalk network in Brassica napus, which also provides a versatile resource for future hormone studies in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanbo Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengbo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangqian Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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19
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Zhu L, Wang H, Zhu J, Wang X, Jiang B, Hou L, Xiao G. A conserved brassinosteroid-mediated BES1-CERP-EXPA3 signaling cascade controls plant cell elongation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112301. [PMID: 36952343 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous plant growth is achieved by cell division and cell elongation. Brassinosteroids control cell elongation and differentiation throughout plant life. However, signaling cascades underlying BR-mediated cell elongation are unknown. In this study, we introduce cotton fiber, one of the most representative single-celled tissues, to decipher cell-specific BR signaling. We find that gain of function of GhBES1, a key transcriptional activator in BR signaling, enhances fiber elongation. The chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identifies a cell-elongation-related protein, GhCERP, whose transcription is directly activated by GhBES1. GhCERP, a downstream target of GhBES1, transmits the GhBES1-mediated BR signaling to its target gene, GhEXPA3-1. Ultimately, GhEXPA3-1 promotes fiber cell elongation. In addition, inter-species functional analysis of the BR-mediated BES1-CERP-EXPA3 signaling cascade also promotes Arabidopsis root and hypocotyl growth. We propose that the BES1-CERP-EXPA3 module may be a broad-spectrum pathway that is universally exploited by diverse plant species to regulate BR-promoted cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jiaojie Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xiaosi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Liyong Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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20
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Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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21
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Hasan MK, Xing QF, Zhou CY, Wang KX, Xu T, Yang P, Qi ZY, Shao SJ, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. Melatonin mediates elevated carbon dioxide-induced photosynthesis and thermotolerance in tomato. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12858. [PMID: 36732033 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) promotes photosynthesis and mitigates heat stress-induced deleterious effects on plants, but the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants treated with high atmospheric CO2 concentrations (600, 800, and 1000 µmol mol-1 ) accumulated increased levels of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) in their leaves and this response is conserved across many plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, mustard, cucumber, watermelon, melon, and hot pepper. Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ; 800 µmol mol-1 ) caused a 6.8-fold increase in leaf melatonin content, and eCO2 -induced melatonin biosynthesis preferentially occurred through chloroplast biosynthetic pathways in tomato plants. Crucially, manipulation of endogenous melatonin levels by genetic means affected the eCO2 -induced accumulation of sugar and starch in tomato leaves. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and transcript levels of chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes, such as rbcL, rbcS, rbcA, psaD, petB, and atpA, significantly increased in COMT1 overexpressing (COMT1-OE) tomato plants, but not in melatonin-deficient comt1 mutants at eCO2 conditions. While eCO2 enhanced plant tolerance to heat stress (42°C) in wild-type and COMT1-OE, melatonin deficiency compromised eCO2 -induced thermotolerance in comt1 plants. The expression of heat shock proteins genes increased in COMT1-OE but not in comt1 plants in response to eCO2 under heat stress. Further analysis revealed that eCO2 -induced thermotolerance was closely linked to the melatonin-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species, redox homeostasis, cellular protein protection, and phytohormone metabolism. This study unveiled a crucial mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced thermotolerance in which melatonin acts as an essential endogenous signaling molecule in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu-Fan Xing
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Xin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, China
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22
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Luo Z, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Shi M, Tu T, Pei N, Zhang D. Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling reveals complex molecular mechanisms in the regulation of style-length dimorphism in Guettarda speciosa (Rubiaceae), a species with "anomalous" distyly. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116078. [PMID: 37008460 PMCID: PMC10060554 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of heterostyly, a genetically controlled floral polymorphism, has been a hotspot of research since the 19th century. In recent years, studies on the molecular mechanism of distyly (the most common form of heterostyly) revealed an evolutionary convergence in genes for brassinosteroids (BR) degradation in different angiosperm groups. This floral polymorphism often exhibits considerable variability that some taxa have significant stylar dimorphism, but anther height differs less. This phenomenon has been termed "anomalous" distyly, which is usually regarded as a transitional stage in evolution. Compared to "typical" distyly, the genetic regulation of "anomalous" distyly is almost unknown, leaving a big gap in our understanding of this special floral adaptation strategy. METHODS Here we performed the first molecular-level study focusing on this floral polymorphism in Guettarda speciosa (Rubiaceae), a tropical tree with "anomalous" distyly. Comprehensive transcriptomic profiling was conducted to examine which genes and metabolic pathways were involved in the genetic control of style dimorphism and if they exhibit similar convergence with "typical" distylous species. RESULTS "Brassinosteroid homeostasis" and "plant hormone signal transduction" was the most significantly enriched GO term and KEGG pathway in the comparisons between L- and S-morph styles, respectively. Interestingly, homologs of all the reported S-locus genes either showed very similar expressions between L- and S-morph styles or no hits were found in G. speciosa. BKI1, a negative regulator of brassinosteroid signaling directly repressing BRI1 signal transduction, was identified as a potential gene regulating style length, which significantly up-regulated in the styles of S-morph. DISCUSSION These findings supported the hypothesis that style length in G. speciosa was regulated through a BR-related signaling network in which BKI1 may be one key gene. Our data suggested, in species with "anomalous" distyly, style length was regulated by gene differential expressions, instead of the "hemizygous" S-locus genes in "typical" distylous flowers such as Primula and Gelsemium, representing an "intermediate" stage in the evolution of distyly. Genome-level analysis and functional studies in more species with "typical" and "anomalous" distyly would further decipher this "most complex marriage arrangement" in angiosperms and improve our knowledge of floral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglai Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Miaomiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tieyao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nancai Pei
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Cheng Y, Liang C, Qiu Z, Zhou S, Liu J, Yang Y, Wang R, Yin J, Ma C, Cui Z, Song J, Li D. Jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth in pear. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1105521. [PMID: 36824194 PMCID: PMC9941643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The quality of seedlings is an important factor for development of the pear industry. A strong seedling with few branches and suitable internodes is ideal material as a rootstock for grafting and breeding. Several branching mutants of pear rootstocks were identified previously. In the present study, 'QAU-D03' (Pyrus communis L.) and it's mutants were used to explore the mechanism that affects branch formation by conducting phenotypic trait assessment, hormone content analysis, and transcriptome analysis. The mutant plant (MP) showed fewer branches, shorter 1-year-old shoots, and longer petiole length, compared to original plants (OP), i.e., wild type. Endogenous hormone analysis revealed that auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid contents in the stem tips of MP were significantly higher than those of the original plants. In particular, the jasmonic acid content of the MP was 1.8 times higher than that of the original plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PcCOI1, which is a transcriptional regulatory gene downstream of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, was expressed more highly in the MP than in the original plants, whereas the expression levels of PcJAZ and PcMYC were reduced in the MP compared with that of the original plants. In response to treatment with exogenous methyl jasmonate, the original plants phenotype was consistent with that of the MP in developing less branches. These results indicate that jasmonic acid negatively regulates branch growth of pear trees and that jasmonic acid downstream regulatory genes play a crucial role in regulating branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenglin Liang
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Qiu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianlong Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiankun Song
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dingli Li
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Peng Y, Ma T, Wang X, Zhang M, Xu Y, Wei J, Sha W, Li J. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses of the Desiccation-Tolerant Moss Racomitrium canescens in the Rapid Rehydration Processes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:390. [PMID: 36833319 PMCID: PMC9956249 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The moss Racomitrium canescens (R. canescens) has strong desiccation tolerance. It can remain desiccated for years and yet recover within minutes of rehydration. Understanding the responses and mechanisms underlying this rapid rehydration capacity in bryophytes could identify candidate genes that improve crop drought tolerance. We explored these responses using physiology, proteomics, and transcriptomics. Label-free quantitative proteomics comparing desiccated plants and samples rehydrated for 1 min or 6 h suggesting that damage to chromatin and the cytoskeleton had occurred during desiccation, and pointing to the large-scale degradation of proteins, the production of mannose and xylose, and the degradation of trehalose immediately after rehydration. The assembly and quantification of transcriptomes from R. canescens across different stages of rehydration established that desiccation was physiologically stressful for the plants; however, the plants recovered rapidly once rehydrated. According to the transcriptomics data, vacuoles appear to play a crucial role in the early stages of R. canescens recovery. Mitochondria and cell reproduction might recover before photosynthesis; most biological functions potentially restarted after ~6 h. Furthermore, we identified novel genes and proteins related to desiccation tolerance in bryophytes. Overall, this study provides new strategies for analyzing desiccation-tolerant bryophytes and identifying candidate genes for improving plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yingxu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jie Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Wei Sha
- The Key Laboratory of Resistance Genetic Engineering and Coldland Biodiversity Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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25
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Chen Y, Yang H, Tang B, Li F, Xie Q, Chen G, Hu Z. The AP2/ERF transcription factor SlERF.J2 functions in hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:371-383. [PMID: 36512035 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Our findings indicated that the SlERF.J2-IAA23 module integrates hormonal signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato. Light and phytohormones can synergistically regulate photomorphogenesis-related hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato. AP2/ERF family genes have been extensively demonstrated to play a role in light signaling and various hormones. In this study, we identified a novel AP2/ERF family gene in tomato, SlERF.J2. Overexpression of SlERF.J2 inhibits hypocotyl elongation and plant height. However, the plant height in the slerf.j2ko knockout mutant was not significantly changed compared with the WT. we found that hypocotyl cell elongation and plant height were regulated by a network involving light, auxin and gibberellin signaling, which is mediated by regulatory relationship between SlERF.J2 and IAA23. SlERF.J2 protein could bind to IAA23 promoter and inhibit its expression. In addition, light-dark alternation can activate the transcription of SlERF.J2 and promote the function of SlERF.J2 in photomorphogenesis. Our findings indicated that the SlERF.J2-IAA23 module integrates hormonal signals to regulate hypocotyl elongation and plant height in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyan Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Room 523, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Room 521, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus B, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Hirayama T, Mochida K. Plant Hormonomics: A Key Tool for Deep Physiological Phenotyping to Improve Crop Productivity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1826-1839. [PMID: 35583356 PMCID: PMC9885943 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change. To cope with the risks posed by climate-related stressors to agricultural production, global population growth, and changes in food preferences, it is imperative to develop new climate-smart crop varieties with increased yield and environmental resilience. Molecular genetics and genomic analyses have revealed that allelic variations in genes involved in phytohormone-mediated growth regulation have greatly improved productivity in major crops. Plant science has remarkably advanced our understanding of the molecular basis of various phytohormone-mediated events in plant life. These findings provide essential information for improving the productivity of crops growing in changing climates. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in plant hormonomics (multiple phytohormone profiling) and discuss its application to crop improvement. We present plant hormonomics as a key tool for deep physiological phenotyping, focusing on representative plant growth regulators associated with the improvement of crop productivity. Specifically, we review advanced methodologies in plant hormonomics, highlighting mass spectrometry- and nanosensor-based plant hormone profiling techniques. We also discuss the applications of plant hormonomics in crop improvement through breeding and agricultural management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirayama
- *Corresponding authors: Takashi Hirayama, E-mail, ; Keiichi Mochida, E-mail,
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- *Corresponding authors: Takashi Hirayama, E-mail, ; Keiichi Mochida, E-mail,
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27
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Transcriptomic Evidence Reveals Low Gelatinous Layer Biosynthesis in Neolamarckia cadamba after Gravistimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010268. [PMID: 36613711 PMCID: PMC9820806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trees can control their shape and resist gravity by producing tension wood (TW), which is a special wood that results from trees being put under stress. TW is characterized by the presence of a gelatinous layer (G layer) and the differential distribution of cell wall polymers. In this study, we investigated whether or not gravistimulation in N. cadamba resulted in TW with an obvious G layer. The results revealed an absence of an obvious G layer in samples of the upper side of a leaning stem (UW), as well as an accumulation of cellulose and a decrease in lignin content. A negligible change in the content of these polymers was recorded and compared to untreated plant (NW) samples, revealing the presence of a G layer either in much lower concentrations or in a lignified form. A transcriptomic investigation demonstrated a higher expression of cell wall esterase- and hydrolase-related genes in the UW, suggesting an accumulation of noncellulosic sugars in the UW, similar to the spectroscopy results. Furthermore, several G-layer-specific genes were also downregulated, including fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLA), beta-galactosidase (BGAL) and chitinase-like proteins (CTL). The gene coexpression network revealed a strong correlation between cell-wall-synthesis-related genes and G-layer-synthesis-specific genes, suggesting their probable antagonistic role during G layer formation. In brief, the G layer in N. cadamba was either synthesized in a very low amount or was lignified during an early stage of growth; further experimental validation is required to understand the exact mechanism and stage of G layer formation in N. cadamba during gravistimulation.
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28
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Study on ZmRPN10 Regulating Leaf Angle in Maize by RNA-Seq. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010189. [PMID: 36613631 PMCID: PMC9820655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated proteolysis (UPP) plays a crucial role in almost all aspects of plant growth and development, proteasome subunit RPN10 mediates ubiquitination substrate recognition in the UPP process. The recognition pathway of ubiquitinated UPP substrate is different in different species, which indicates that the mechanism and function of RPN10 are different in different species. However, the homologous ZmRPN10 in maize has not been studied. In this study, the changing of leaf angle and gene expression in leaves in maize wild-type B73 and mutant rpn10 under exogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated. The regulation effect of BR on the leaf angle of rpn10 was significantly stronger than that of B73. Transcriptome analysis showed that among the differentially expressed genes, CRE1, A-ARR and SnRK2 were significantly up-regulated, and PP2C, BRI1 AUX/IAA, JAZ and MYC2 were significantly down-regulated. This study revealed the regulation mechanism of ZmRPN10 on maize leaf angle and provided a promising gene resource for maize breeding.
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29
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Plitsi PK, Samakovli D, Roka L, Rampou A, Panagiotopoulos K, Koudounas K, Isaioglou I, Haralampidis K, Rigas S, Hatzopoulos P, Milioni D. GA-Mediated Disruption of RGA/BZR1 Complex Requires HSP90 to Promote Hypocotyl Elongation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010088. [PMID: 36613530 PMCID: PMC9820706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circuitries of signaling pathways integrate distinct hormonal and environmental signals, and influence development in plants. While a crosstalk between brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways has recently been established, little is known about other components engaged in the integration of the two pathways. Here, we provide supporting evidence for the role of HSP90 (HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90) in regulating the interplay of the GA and BR signaling pathways to control hypocotyl elongation of etiolated seedlings in Arabidopsis. Both pharmacological and genetic depletion of HSP90 alter the expression of GA biosynthesis and catabolism genes. Major components of the GA pathway, like RGA (REPRESSOR of ga1-3) and GAI (GA-INSENSITIVE) DELLA proteins, have been identified as physically interacting with HSP90. Interestingly, GA-promoted DELLA degradation depends on the ATPase activity of HSP90, and inhibition of HSP90 function stabilizes the DELLA/BZR1 (BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1) complex, modifying the expression of downstream transcriptional targets. Our results collectively reveal that HSP90, through physical interactions with DELLA proteins and BZR1, modulates DELLA abundance and regulates the expression of BZR1-dependent transcriptional targets to promote plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Despina Samakovli
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukia Roka
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Rampou
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Directorate of Phytopathology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis Isaioglou
- Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- Biology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (D.M.); Tel.: +30-210-5294321 (P.H.); +30-210-5294348 (D.M.)
| | - Dimitra Milioni
- Biotechnology Department, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (D.M.); Tel.: +30-210-5294321 (P.H.); +30-210-5294348 (D.M.)
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30
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Khan R, Ma X, Hussain Q, Asim M, Iqbal A, Ren X, Shah S, Chen K, Shi Y. Application of 2,4-Epibrassinolide Improves Drought Tolerance in Tobacco through Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081192. [PMID: 36009819 PMCID: PMC9405153 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major abiotic stress that hinders plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids (BR), including 2,4-epibrassinolide (EBR), play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses, including drought stress. This work investigates exogenous EBR application roles in improving drought tolerance in tobacco. Tobacco plants were divided into three groups: WW (well-watered), DS (drought stress), and DSB (drought stress + 0.05 mM EBR). The results revealed that DS decreased the leaf thickness (LT), whereas EBR application upregulated genes related to cell expansion, which were induced by the BR (DWF4, HERK2, and BZR1) and IAA (ARF9, ARF6, PIN1, SAUR19, and ABP1) signaling pathway. This promoted LT by 28%, increasing plant adaptation. Furthermore, EBR application improved SOD (22%), POD (11%), and CAT (5%) enzyme activities and their related genes expression (FeSOD, POD, and CAT) along with a higher accumulation of osmoregulatory substances such as proline (29%) and soluble sugars (14%) under DS and conferred drought tolerance. Finally, EBR application augmented the auxin (IAA) (21%) and brassinolide (131%) contents and upregulated genes related to drought tolerance induced by the BR (BRL3 and BZR2) and IAA (YUCCA6, SAUR32, and IAA26) signaling pathways. These results suggest that it could play an important role in improving mechanisms of drought tolerance in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaochun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shahen Shah
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Keling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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31
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An JP, Zhang CL, Li HL, Wang GL, You CX. Apple SINA E3 ligase MdSINA3 negatively mediates JA-triggered leaf senescence by ubiquitinating and degrading the MdBBX37 protein. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:457-472. [PMID: 35560993 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) induces chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. B-box (BBX) proteins play important roles in the modulation of leaf senescence, but the molecular mechanism of BBX protein-mediated leaf senescence remains to be further studied. Here, we identified the BBX protein MdBBX37 as a positive regulator of JA-induced leaf senescence in Malus domestica (apple). Further studies showed that MdBBX37 interacted with the senescence regulatory protein MdbHLH93 to enhance its transcriptional activation on the senescence-associated gene MdSAG18, thereby promoting leaf senescence. Moreover, the JA signaling repressor MdJAZ2 interacted with MdBBX37 and interfered with the interaction between MdBBX37 and MdbHLH93, thereby negatively mediating MdBBX37-promoted leaf senescence. In addition, the E3 ubiquitin ligase MdSINA3 delayed MdBBX37-promoted leaf senescence through targeting MdBBX37 for degradation. The MdJAZ2-MdBBX37-MdbHLH93-MdSAG18 and MdSINA3-MdBBX37 modules realized the precise modulation of JA on leaf senescence. In parallel, our data demonstrate that MdBBX37 was involved in abscisic acid (ABA)- and ethylene-mediated leaf senescence through interacting with the ABA signaling regulatory protein MdABI5 and ethylene signaling regulatory protein MdEIL1, respectively. Taken together, our results not only reveal the role of MdBBX37 as an integration node in JA-, ABA- and ethylene-mediated leaf senescence, but also provide new insights into the post-translational modification of BBX proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
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32
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Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhan D, Pang Z, Zhao J, Zhang J. Comparative Transcriptomic, Anatomical and Phytohormone Analyses Provide New Insights Into Hormone-Mediated Tetraploid Dwarfing in Hybrid Sweetgum ( Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924044. [PMID: 35832220 PMCID: PMC9271929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyploid breeding is an effective approach to improve plant biomass and quality. Both fast growth and dwarf types of in vitro or ex vitro plants are produced after polyploidization. However, little is known regarding the dwarf type mechanism in polyploids grown in vitro. In this study, the morphological and cytological characteristics were measured in tetraploid and diploid hybrid sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua × L. formosana) with the same genetic background. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyse shoot and root variations between tetraploid and diploid plants; important metabolites were validated. The results showed that the shoot and root lengths were significantly shorter in tetraploids than in diploids after 25 d of culture. Most tetraploid root cells were wider and more irregular, and the length of the meristematic zone was shorter, while tetraploid cells were significantly larger than diploid cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the plant growth and organ elongation pathways, such as plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, sugar and starch metabolism, and cell cycles. Hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction genes, such as YUCCA, TAA1, GH3, SAUR, CPS, KO, KAO, GA20ox, GA3ox, BAS1 and CYCD3, which help to regulate organ elongation, were generally downregulated. The auxin, gibberellin, and brassinolide (BL) contents in roots and stems were significantly lower in tetraploids than in diploids, which may greatly contribute to slow growth in the roots and stems of tetraploid regenerated plants. Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which induced plant cell elongation, could significantly promote growth in the stems and roots of tetraploids. In summary, comparative transcriptomics and metabolite analysis showed that the slow growth of regenerated tetraploid hybrid sweetgum was strongly related to auxin and gibberellin deficiency. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie dwarfism in allopolyploid hybrid sweetgum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingju Zhan
- Guangxi Bagui Forest and Flowers Seedlings Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Zhenwu Pang
- Guangxi Bagui Forest and Flowers Seedlings Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Chai Z, Fang J, Yao W, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Akbar S, Khan MT, Chen B, Zhang M. ScGAIL, a sugarcane N-terminal truncated DELLA-like protein, participates in gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3462-3476. [PMID: 35172001 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hormone gibberellin (GA) is crucial for internode elongation in sugarcane. DELLA proteins are critical negative regulators of the GA signaling pathway. ScGAI encodes a DELLA protein that was previously implicated in the regulation of sugarcane culm development. Here, we characterized ScGAI-like (ScGAIL) in sugarcane, which lacked the N-terminal region but was otherwise homologous to ScGAI. ScGAIL differed from ScGAI in its chromosomal location, expression patterns, and cellular localization. Although transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ScGAIL were insensitive to GAs, GA synthesis was affected in these plants, suggesting that ScGAIL disrupted the GA signaling pathway. After GA treatment, the expression patterns of GA-associated genes differed between ScGAIL-overexpressing and wild-type Arabidopsis, and the degradation of AtDELLA proteins in transgenic lines was significantly inhibited compared with wild-type lines. A sugarcane GID1 gene (ScGID1) encoding a putative GA receptor was isolated and interacted with ScGAIL in a GA-independent manner. Five ScGAIL-interacting proteins were verified by yeast two-hybrid assays, and only one interacted with ScGAI. Therefore, ScGAIL may inhibit plant growth by modulating the GA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chai
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jinlan Fang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | | | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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Wu R, Xu B, Shi F. MrERF, MrbZIP, and MrSURNod of Medicago ruthenica Are Involved in Plant Growth and Abiotic Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907674. [PMID: 35720590 PMCID: PMC9203031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses affect plant growth and productivity. The outstanding stress resistance of Medicago ruthenica makes it a desirable gene resource to improve the stress tolerance of other plants. The roles of three differently expressed genes [(DEGs) (MrERF, MrbZIP, and MrSURNod)] from M. ruthenica in stress resistance have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we constructed their expression vectors, transformed them into tobacco, and subjected transgenic lines to abiotic stresses. Through comprehensive bioinformatics, transcriptomic, morphological, and physiological analyses of transgenic lines, we have revealed the critical role of these three DEGs in plant growth and abiotic stress response. The upregulation of genes enhanced the germination rate, biomass, root length number, etc. Additionally, the accumulation of osmolytes increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These genes are also associated with improved seed yield, increased branching, and early flowering, thereby shortening the growth period. Potentially, this is one of the ways for tobacco to cope with stress. Furthermore, the resistance of transgenic tobacco expressing MrERF or MrbZIP was better than that with MrSURNod. MrERF and MrbZIP can improve drought and salt tolerance of plants, whereas MrSURNod is beneficial in improving drought and cold resistance. Moreover, MrERF or MrbZIP can promote root elongation and increase the root number, whereas MrSURNod mainly promotes root elongation. This may be the reason why stress resistance conferred by MrSURNod is weaker than that associated with the other two genes. Overall, MrERF, MrbZIP, and MrSURNod positively modulate plant growth and stress tolerance.
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Chai G, Qi G, Wang D, Zhuang Y, Xu H, Bai Z, Bai MY, Hu R, Wang ZY, Zhou G, Kong Y. The CCCH zinc finger protein C3H15 negatively regulates cell elongation by inhibiting brassinosteroid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:285-300. [PMID: 35139225 PMCID: PMC9070797 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant CCCH proteins participate in the control of multiple developmental and adaptive processes, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes are not well known. In this study, we showed that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CCCH protein C3H15 negatively regulates cell elongation by inhibiting brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Genetic and biochemical evidence showed that C3H15 functions downstream of the receptor BR INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) as a negative regulator in the BR pathway. C3H15 is phosphorylated by the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 -like kinase BR-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) at Ser111 in the cytoplasm in the absence of BRs. Upon BR perception, C3H15 transcription is enhanced, and the phosphorylation of C3H15 by BIN2 is reduced. The dephosphorylated C3H15 protein accumulates in the nucleus, where C3H15 regulates transcription via G-rich elements (typically GGGAGA). C3H15 and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1)/BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1), two central transcriptional regulators of BR signaling, directly suppress each other and share a number of BR-responsive target genes. Moreover, C3H15 antagonizes BZR1 and BES1 to regulate the expression of their shared cell elongation-associated target gene, SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA 15 (SAUR15). This study demonstrates that C3H15-mediated BR signaling may be parallel to, or even attenuate, the dominant BZR1 and BES1 signaling pathways to control cell elongation. This finding expands our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying BR-induced cell elongation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hua Xu
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zetao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Zeng-yu Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Li A, Sun X, Liu L. Action of Salicylic Acid on Plant Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878076. [PMID: 35574112 PMCID: PMC9093677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) not only is a well-known signal molecule mediating plant immunity, but also is involved in plant growth regulation. However, while its role in plant immunity has been well elucidated, its action on plant growth has not been clearly described to date. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that SA plays crucial roles in regulating cell division and cell expansion, the key processes that determines the final stature of plant. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the action and molecular mechanisms through which SA regulates plant growth via multiple pathways. It is here highlighted that SA mediates growth regulation by affecting cell division and expansion. In addition, the interactions of SA with other hormones and their role in plant growth determination were also discussed. Further understanding of the mechanism underlying SA-mediated growth will be instrumental for future crop improvement.
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Berrios L, Rentsch JD. Linking Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to Abiotic and Biotic Feedbacks in Plant Microbiomes: The Dose Makes the Poison. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084402. [PMID: 35457220 PMCID: PMC9030523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants develop in complex, adaptive environments. Plants must therefore respond efficiently to environmental stressors to maintain homeostasis and enhance their fitness. Although many coordinated processes remain integral for achieving homeostasis and driving plant development, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as critical, fast-acting orchestrators that link abiotic and biotic responses to plant homeostasis and development. In addition to the suite of enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS processing pathways that plants possess, they also rely on their microbiota to buffer and maintain the oxidative window needed to balance anabolic and catabolic processes. Strong evidence has been communicated recently that links ROS regulation to the aggregated function(s) of commensal microbiota and plant-growth-promoting microbes. To date, many reports have put forth insightful syntheses that either detail ROS regulation across plant development (independent of plant microbiota) or examine abiotic–biotic feedbacks in plant microbiomes (independent of clear emphases on ROS regulation). Here we provide a novel synthesis that incorporates recent findings regarding ROS and plant development in the context of both microbiota regulation and plant-associated microbes. Specifically, we discuss various roles of ROS across plant development to strengthen the links between plant microbiome functioning and ROS regulation for both basic and applied research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Berrios
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeremy D. Rentsch
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29502, USA;
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Sukiran NA, Pollastri S, Steel PG, Knight MR. Plant growth promotion by the interaction of a novel synthetic small molecule with GA-DELLA function. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e398. [PMID: 35492684 PMCID: PMC9039627 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesized small molecules are useful as tools to investigate hormonal signaling involved in plant growth and development. They are also important as agrochemicals to promote beneficial properties of crops in the field. We describe here the synthesis and mode of action of a novel growth-promoting chemical, A1. A1 stimulates enhanced growth in both shoot and root tissues of plants, acting by increasing both dry and fresh weight. This suggests that A1 not only promotes uptake of water but also increases production of cellular material. A1 treatment of Arabidopsisleads to the degradation of DELLA growth-inhibitory proteins suggesting that A1-mediated growth promotion is dependent upon this mechanism. We performed genetic analysis to confirm this and further dissect the mechanism of A1 action upon growth in Arabidopsis. A quintuple dellamutant was insensitive to A1, confirming that the mode of action was indeed via a DELLA-dependent mechanism. The ga1-5gibberellin synthesis mutant was similarly insensitive, suggesting that to promote growth in ArabidopsisA1 requires the presence of endogenous gibberellins. This was further suggested by the observation that double mutants of GID1 gibberellin receptor genes were insensitive to A1. Taken together, our data suggest that A1 acts to enhance sensitivity to endogenous gibberellins thus leading to observed enhanced growth via DELLA degradation. A1 and related compounds will be useful to identify novel signaling components involved in plant growth and development, and as agrochemicals suitable for a wide range of crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afiqah Sukiran
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Department of ChemistryDurham UniversityDurhamUK
| | - Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyFlorenceItaly
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Takahashi N, Umeda M. Brassinosteroids are required for efficient root tip regeneration in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:73-78. [PMID: 35800959 PMCID: PMC9200090 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared with other organisms, plants have an extraordinary capacity for self-repair. Even if the entire tissues, including the stem cells, are resected, most plant species are able to completely regenerate whole tissues. However, the mechanism by which plants efficiently regenerate the stem cell niche during tissue reorganization is still largely unknown. Here, we found that the signaling mediated by plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids is activated during stem cell formation after root tip excision in Arabidopsis. Treatment with brassinazole, an inhibitor of brassinosteroid biosynthesis, delayed the recovery of stem cell niche after root tip excision. Regeneration of root tip after resection was also delayed in a brassinosteroid receptor mutant. Therefore, we propose that brassinosteroids participate in efficient root tip regeneration, thereby enabling efficient tissue regeneration to ensure continuous root growth after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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40
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Overexpression of HLH4 Inhibits Cell Elongation and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071087. [PMID: 35406652 PMCID: PMC8997993 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, many basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in controlling cell elongation. Three bHLH proteins, PACLOBTRAZOL RESISTANCE1 (PRE1), Cryptochrome Interacting Basic Helix-loop-helix 5 (CIB5), and Arabidopsis ILI1 binding bHLH1 (IBH1) form a triantagonistic system that antagonistically regulates cell elongation in a competitive manner. In this study, we identified a new player, HLH4, related to IBH1, that negatively regulates cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of HLH4 causes dwarf and dark green phenotypes and results in the downregulation of many key regulatory and enzymatic genes that participate in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. HLH4 interacts with CIB5 and PRE1. By interacting with CIB5, HLH4 interferes with the activity of CIB5, and thus inhibiting the transcription of cell elongation-related genes regulated by CIB5, including EXPANSINS8 and 11 (EXP8 and EXP11) and indole-3-acetic acid 7 and 17 (IAA7 and IAA17). The interference of HLH4 on CIB5 is counteracted by PRE1, in which these bHLH proteins form a new tri-antagonistic system.
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Cioć M, Dziurka M, Pawłowska B. Changes in Endogenous Phytohormones of Gerbera jamesonii Axillary Shoots Multiplied under Different Light Emitting Diodes Light Quality. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061804. [PMID: 35335168 PMCID: PMC8950344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Light quality is essential in in vitro cultures for morphogenesis process. Light emitting diodes system (LED) allows adjustment as desired and the most appropriate light spectrum. The study analyzed the influence of different LED light quality on the balance of endogenous phytohormones and related compounds (PhRC) in in vitro multiplied axillary shoots of Gerbera jamesonii. Over a duration of 40 days, the shoots were exposed to 100% red light, 100% blue light, red and blue light at a 7:3 ratio with control fluorescent lamps. Every 10 days plant tissues were tested for their PhRC content with the use of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Shoots’ morphometric features were analyzed after a multiplication cycle. We identified 35 PhRC including twelve cytokinins, seven auxins, nine gibberellins, and seven stress-related phytohormones. Compounds content varied from 0.00052 nmol/g to 168.15 nmol/g of dry weight (DW). The most abundant group were stress-related phytohormones (particularly benzoic and salicylic acids), and the least abundant were cytokinins (about 370 times smaller content). LED light did not disturb the endogenous phytohormone balance, and more effectively mitigated the stress experienced by in vitro grown plants than the fluorescent lamps. The stress was most effectively reduced under the red LED. Red and red:blue light lowered tissue auxin levels. Blue LED light lowered the shoot multiplication rate and their height, and induced the highest content of gibberellins at the last stage of the culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cioć
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Garden Art, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Department of Developmental Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Bożena Pawłowska
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Garden Art, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Du P, Liu H, Zhang Z, Xu J, Qin L, Huang B, Zheng Z, Dong W, Zhang X, Han S. Transcriptome analysis of pod mutant reveals plant hormones are important regulators in controlling pod size in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12965. [PMID: 35251782 PMCID: PMC8893032 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pod size is an important yield-influencing trait in peanuts. It is affected by plant hormones and identifying the genes related to these hormones may contribute to pod-related trait improvements in peanut breeding programs. However, there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms of plant hormones that regulate pod size in peanuts. We identified a mutant with an extremely small pod (spm) from Yuanza 9102 (WT) by 60Co γ-radiation mutagenesis. The length and width of the natural mature pod in spm were only 71.34% and 73.36% of those in WT, respectively. We performed comparative analyses for morphological characteristics, anatomy, physiology, and global transcriptome between spm and WT pods. Samples were collected at 10, 20, and 30 days after peg elongation into the soil, representing stages S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The differences in pod size between WT and spm were seen at stage S1 and became even more striking at stages S2 and S3. The cell sizes of the pods were significantly smaller in spm than in WT at stages S1, S2, and S3. These results suggested that reduced cell size may be one of the important contributors for the small pod in spm. The contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) were also significantly lower in spm pods than those in WT pods at all three stages. RNA-Seq analyses showed that 1,373, 8,053, and 3,358 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at stages S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Functional analyses revealed that a set of DEGs was related to plant hormone biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, several hub genes associated with plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Our results revealed that IAA, GA, and BR may be important regulators in controlling pod size by regulating cell size in peanuts. This study provides helpful information for the understanding of the complex mechanisms of plant hormones in controlling pod size by regulating the cell size in peanuts and will facilitate the improvement of peanut breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maoning Zhang
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Du
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhao Dong
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suoyi Han
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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Combined BSA-Seq Based Mapping and RNA-Seq Profiling Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Plant Architecture in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052472. [PMID: 35269615 PMCID: PMC8910715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture involves important agronomic traits affecting crop yield, resistance to lodging, and fitness for mechanical harvesting in Brassica napus. Breeding high-yield varieties with plant architecture suitable for mechanical harvesting is the main goal of rapeseed breeders. Here, we report an accession of B. napus (4942C-5), which has a dwarf and compact plant architecture in contrast to cultivated varieties. A BC8 population was constructed by crossing a normal plant architecture line, 8008, with the recurrent parent 4942C-5. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant architecture, we performed phytohormone profiling, bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in BC8 plants with contrasting plant architecture. Genetic analysis indicated the plant architecture traits of 4942C-5 were recessive traits controlled by multiple genes. The content of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) differed significantly between plants with contrasting plant architecture in the BC8 population. Based on BSA-Seq analysis, we identified five candidate intervals on chromosome A01, namely those of 0 to 6.33 Mb, 6.45 to 6.48 Mb, 6.51 to 6.53 Mb, 6.77 to 6.79 Mb, and 7 to 7.01 Mb regions. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed a total of 4378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2801 were up-regulated and 1577 were down-regulated. There, further analysis showed that genes involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, cell structure, and the phenylpropanoid pathway might play a pivotal role in the morphogenesis of plant architecture. Association analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq suggested that seven DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction and a WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene (BnaA01g01910D) might be candidate genes responsible for the dwarf and compact phenotype in 4942C-5. These findings provide a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying rapeseed plant architecture and should contribute to breed new varieties suitable for mechanization.
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44
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Yang R, Yang Z, Peng Z, He F, Shi L, Dong Y, Ren M, Zhang Q, Geng G, Zhang S. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Tritipyrum provides insights into the molecular basis of salt tolerance. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12683. [PMID: 35036157 PMCID: PMC8710252 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts crop growth and yield. Methods Here, crucial proteins and biological pathways were investigated under salt-stress and recovery conditions in Tritipyrum ‘Y1805’ using the data-independent acquisition proteomics techniques to explore its salt-tolerance mechanism. Results In total, 44 and 102 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in ‘Y1805’ under salt-stress and recovery conditions, respectively. A proteome-transcriptome-associated analysis revealed that the expression patterns of 13 and 25 DEPs were the same under salt-stress and recovery conditions, respectively. ‘Response to stimulus’, ‘antioxidant activity’, ‘carbohydrate metabolism’, ‘amino acid metabolism’, ‘signal transduction’, ‘transport and catabolism’ and ‘biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites’ were present under both conditions in ‘Y1805’. In addition, ‘energy metabolism’ and ‘lipid metabolism’ were recovery-specific pathways, while ‘antioxidant activity’, and ‘molecular function regulator’ under salt-stress conditions, and ‘virion’ and ‘virion part’ during recovery, were ‘Y1805’-specific compared with the salt-sensitive wheat ‘Chinese Spring’. ‘Y1805’ contained eight specific DEPs related to salt-stress responses. The strong salt tolerance of ‘Y1805’ could be attributed to the strengthened cell walls, reactive oxygen species scavenging, osmoregulation, phytohormone regulation, transient growth arrest, enhanced respiration, transcriptional regulation and error information processing. These data will facilitate an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and aid in the breeding of salt-tolerant wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Ze Peng
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fang He
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luxi Shi
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Mingjian Ren
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, China
| | | | | | - Suqin Zhang
- Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Subcenter of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, China
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Shi L, Yang R, Guo H, Zhang S, Geng G. Transcriptome analysis of Auricularia fibrillifera fruit-body responses to drought stress and rehydration. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:58. [PMID: 35033026 PMCID: PMC8760723 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress severely restricts edible fungus production. The genus Auricularia has a rare drought tolerance, a rehydration capability, and is nutrient rich. RESULTS The key genes and metabolic pathways involved in drought-stress and rehydration were investigated using a transcriptome analysis to clarify the relevant molecular mechanisms. In total, 173.93 Mb clean reads, 26.09 Gb of data bulk, and 52,954 unigenes were obtained. Under drought-stress and rehydration conditions, 14,235 and 8539 differentially expressed genes, respectively, were detected. 'Tyrosine metabolic', 'caffeine metabolism', 'ribosome', 'phagosome', and 'proline and arginine metabolism', as well as 'peroxisome' and 'mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling' pathways, had major roles in A. fibrillifera responses to drought stress. 'Tyrosine' and 'caffeine metabolism' might reveal unknown mechanisms for the antioxidation of A. fibrillifera under drought-stress conditions. During the rehydration process, 'diterpenoid biosynthesis', 'butanoate metabolism', 'C5-branched dibasic acid', and 'aflatoxin biosynthesis' pathways were significantly enriched. Gibberellins and γ-aminobutyric acid were important in the recovery of A. fibrillifera growth after rehydration. Many genes related to antibiotics, vitamins, and other health-related ingredients were found in A. fibrillifera. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the candidate genes and metabolites involved in crucial biological pathways might regulate the drought tolerance or rehydration of Auricularia, shedding light on the corresponding mechanisms and providing new potential targets for the breeding and cultivation of drought-tolerant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luxi Shi
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Suqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Guangdong Geng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Lu HP, Wang JJ, Wang MJ, Liu JX. Roles of plant hormones in thermomorphogenesis. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:20. [PMID: 37676335 PMCID: PMC10441977 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has great impacts on plant growth and development, as well as ecological distribution. Plants constantly perceive environmental temperatures and adjust their growth and development programs accordingly to cope with the environment under non-lethal warm temperature conditions. Plant hormones are endogenous bioactive chemicals that play central roles in plant growth, developmental, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the important roles of plant hormones, including auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs), Gibberellins (GAs), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs), in regulating plant growth under warm temperature conditions. This provides a picture on how plants sense and transduce the warm temperature signals to regulate downstream gene expression for controlling plant growth under warm temperature conditions via hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mei-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Zhao N, Zhao M, Tian Y, Wang Y, Han C, Fan M, Guo H, Bai MY. Interaction between BZR1 and EIN3 mediates signalling crosstalk between brassinosteroids and ethylene. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2308-2323. [PMID: 34449890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are coordinated by multiple environmental and endogenous signals. Brassinosteroid (BR) and ethylene (ET) have overlapping functions in a wide range of developmental processes. However, the relationship between the BR and ET signalling pathways has remained unclear. Here, we show that BR and ET interdependently promote apical hook development and cell elongation through a direct interaction between BR-activated BRASSINOZALE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and ET-activated ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3). Genetic analysis showed that BR signalling is required for ET promotion of apical hook development in the dark and cell elongation under light, and ET quantitatively enhances BR-potentiated growth. BZR1 interacts with EIN3 to co-operatively increase the expression of HOOKLESS1 and PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE FACTORs (PREs). Furthermore, we found that BR promotion of hook development requires gibberellin (GA), and GA restores the hookless phenotype of BR-deficient materials by activating EIN3/EIL1. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of plant development by BR, ET and GA signals through the direct interaction of master transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yanchen Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Šípošová K, Labancová E, Kučerová D, Kollárová K, Vivodová Z. Effects of Exogenous Application of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Maize Plants Cultivated in the Presence or Absence of Cadmium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2503. [PMID: 34834862 PMCID: PMC8626039 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are plant hormones that affect plant growth, development, and improve a plant's tolerance to stress. In this study, we found that the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had diverse effects on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) roots treated without/with Cd. IBA caused changes in the growth and morphology of the roots under non-stress conditions; hence, we were able to select two concentrations of IBA (10-11 M as stimulatory and 10-7 M as inhibitory). IBA in stimulatory concentration did not affect the concentration of H2O2 or the activity of antioxidant enzymes while IBA in inhibitory concentration increased only the concentration of H2O2 (40.6%). The application of IBA also affected the concentrations of mineral nutrients. IBA in stimulatory concentration increased the concentration of N, K, Ca, S, and Zn (5.8-14.8%) and in inhibitory concentration decreased concentration of P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (5.5-36.6%). Moreover, IBA in the concentration 10-9 M had the most positive effects on the plants cultivated with Cd. It decreased the concentration of H2O2 (34.3%), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (23.7-36.4%), and increased the concentration of all followed elements, except Mg (5.5-34.1%), when compared to the Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Šípošová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Labancová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Danica Kučerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Zuzana Vivodová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.L.); (D.K.); (K.K.)
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Zhao G, Luo C, Luo J, Li J, Gong H, Zheng X, Liu X, Guo J, Zhou L, Wu H. A mutation in LacDWARF1 results in a GA-deficient dwarf phenotype in sponge gourd (Luffa acutangula). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3443-3457. [PMID: 34390352 PMCID: PMC8440308 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A dwarfism gene LacDWARF1 was mapped by combined BSA-Seq and comparative genomics analyses to a 65.4 kb physical genomic region on chromosome 05. Dwarf architecture is one of the most important traits utilized in Cucurbitaceae breeding because it saves labor and increases the harvest index. To our knowledge, there has been no prior research about dwarfism in the sponge gourd. This study reports the first dwarf mutant WJ209 with a decrease in cell size and internodes. A genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which is designated Lacdwarf1 (Lacd1). Combined with bulked segregate analysis and next-generation sequencing, we quickly mapped a 65.4 kb region on chromosome 5 using F2 segregation population with InDel and SNP polymorphism markers. Gene annotation revealed that Lac05g019500 encodes a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA3ox) that functions as the most likely candidate gene for Lacd1. DNA sequence analysis showed that there is an approximately 4 kb insertion in the first intron of Lac05g019500 in WJ209. Lac05g019500 is transcribed incorrectly in the dwarf mutant owing to the presence of the insertion. Moreover, the bioactive GAs decreased significantly in WJ209, and the dwarf phenotype could be restored by exogenous GA3 treatment, indicating that WJ209 is a GA-deficient mutant. All these results support the conclusion that Lac05g019500 is the Lacd1 gene. In addition, RNA-Seq revealed that many genes, including those related to plant hormones, cellular process, cell wall, membrane and response to stress, were significantly altered in WJ209 compared with the wild type. This study will aid in the use of molecular marker-assisted breeding in the dwarf sponge gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangjun Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianning Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinju Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- College of Agriculture & Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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da Costa Menezes PVM, Silva AA, Mito MS, Mantovanelli GC, Stulp GF, Wagner AL, Constantin RP, Baldoqui DC, Silva RG, Oliveira do Carmo AA, de Souza LA, de Oliveira Junior RS, Araniti F, Abenavoli MR, Ishii-Iwamoto EL. Morphogenic responses and biochemical alterations induced by the cover crop Urochloa ruziziensis and its component protodioscin in weed species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:857-873. [PMID: 34237604 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urochloa ruziziensis, a cover plant used in no-till systems, can suppress weeds in the field through their chemical compounds, but the mode of action of these compounds is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a saponin-rich butanolic extract from U. ruziziensis straw (BfUr) and one of its components, protodioscin on an eudicot Ipomoea grandifolia and a monocot Digitaria insularis weed. The anatomy and the morphology of the root systems and several parameters related to energy metabolism and antioxidant defense systems were examined. The IC50 values for the root growth inhibition by BfUr were 108 μg mL-1 in D. insularis and 230 μg mL-1 in I. grandifolia. The corresponding values for protodioscin were 34 μg mL-1 and 54 μg mL-1. I. grandifolia exhibited higher ROS-induced peroxidative damage in its roots compared with D. insularis. In the roots of both weeds, the BfUr and protodioscin induced a reduction in the meristematic and elongation zones with a precocious appearance of lateral roots, particularly in I. grandifolia. The roots also exhibited features of advanced cell differentiation in the vascular cylinder. These alterations were similar to stress-induced morphogenic responses (SIMRs), which are plant adaptive strategies to survive in the presence of toxicants. At concentrations above their IC50 values, the BfUr or protodioscin strongly inhibited the development of both weeds. Such findings demonstrated that U. ruziziensis mulches may contribute to the use of natural and renewable weed control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Antonio Silva
- Center of Biological Sciences and Nature, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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