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Hu Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Luo M, Wang Y. Neural Network Mechanisms Underlying General Anesthesia: Cortical and Subcortical Nuclei. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01286-z. [PMID: 39168960 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia plays a significant role in modern medicine. However, the precise mechanism of general anesthesia remains unclear, posing a key scientific challenge in anesthesiology. Advances in neuroscience techniques have enabled targeted manipulation of specific neural circuits and the capture of brain-wide neural activity at high resolution. These advances hold promise for elucidating the intricate mechanisms of action of general anesthetics. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the role of cortical and subcortical nuclei in modulating general anesthesia, providing new evidence of cortico-cortical and thalamocortical networks in relation to anesthesia and consciousness. These insights contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the neural network mechanisms underlying general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lingjing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mengqiang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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2
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Fang Y, Wang N, Liu G, Zou N, Song Z, Liu H, Wang L, Xiao Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Lei T, Zhang C, Liu X, Zhang B, Luo F, Xia J, He C, Hu Z, Ren S, Zhao H. A potentiation of REM sleep-active neurons in the lateral habenula may be responsible for the sleep disturbance in depression. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3287-3300.e6. [PMID: 38944036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders with dysfunction of the lateral habenula (LHb) show sleep disturbance, especially a disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in major depression. However, the role of LHb in physiological sleep control and how LHb contributes to sleep disturbance in major depression remain elusive. Here, we found that functional manipulations of LHb glutamatergic neurons bidirectionally modulated both non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep. Activity recording revealed heterogeneous activity patterns of LHb neurons across sleep/wakefulness cycles, but LHb neurons were preferentially active during REM sleep. Using an activity-dependent tagging method, we selectively labeled a population of REM sleep-active LHb neurons and demonstrated that these neurons specifically promoted REM sleep. Neural circuit studies showed that LHb neurons regulated REM sleep via projections to the ventral tegmental area but not to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus. Furthermore, we found that the increased REM sleep in a depression mouse model was associated with a potentiation of REM sleep-active LHb neurons, including an increased proportion, elevated spike firing, and altered activity mode. Importantly, inhibition of REM sleep-active LHb neurons not only attenuated the increased REM sleep but also alleviated depressive-like behaviors in a depression mouse model. Thus, our results demonstrated that REM sleep-active LHb neurons selectively promoted REM sleep, and a potentiation of these neurons contributed to depression-associated sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Anaesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Nan Zou
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hanshu Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Longshuo Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Beilin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fenlan Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianxia Xia
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhian Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
| | - Shuancheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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3
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Ba W, Nollet M, Yin C, Yu X, Wong S, Miao A, Beckwith EJ, Harding EC, Ma Y, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Wisden W, Franks NP. A REM-active basal ganglia circuit that regulates anxiety. Curr Biol 2024; 34:3301-3314.e4. [PMID: 38944034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been hypothesized to promote emotional resilience, but any neuronal circuits mediating this have not been identified. We find that in mice, somatostatin (Som) neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPSom)/internal globus pallidus are predominantly active during REM sleep. This unique REM activity is both necessary and sufficient for maintaining normal REM sleep. Inhibiting or exciting EPSom neurons reduced or increased REM sleep duration, respectively. Activation of the sole downstream target of EPSom neurons, Vglut2 cells in the lateral habenula (LHb), increased sleep via the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A simple chemogenetic scheme to periodically inhibit the LHb over 4 days selectively removed a significant amount of cumulative REM sleep. Chronic, but not acute, REM reduction correlated with mice becoming anxious and more sensitive to aversive stimuli. Therefore, we suggest that cumulative REM sleep, in part generated by the EP → LHb → VTA circuit identified here, could contribute to stabilizing reactions to habitual aversive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ba
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mathieu Nollet
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chunyu Yin
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sara Wong
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andawei Miao
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Esteban J Beckwith
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Edward C Harding
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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4
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Wang X, Yi R, Liang X, Zhang N, Zhong F, Lu Y, Chen W, Yu T, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhou L. Myelin modulates the process of isoflurane anesthesia through the regulation of neural activity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14922. [PMID: 39138640 PMCID: PMC11322027 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mechanism underlying the reversible unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics (GA) remains unclear. Recent studies revealed the critical roles of myelin and oligodendrocytes (OLs) in higher functions of the brain. However, it is unknown whether myelin actively participates in the regulation of GA. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles and possible mechanisms of myelin in the regulation of consciousness alterations induced by isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS First, demyelination models for the entire brain and specific neural nuclei were established to investigate the potential role of myelination in the regulation of GA, as well as its possible regional specificity. c-Fos staining was then performed on the demyelinated nuclei to verify the impact of myelin loss on neuronal activity. Finally, the activity of neurons during isoflurane anesthesia in demyelinated mice was recorded by optical fiber photometric calcium signal. The related behavioral indicators and EEG were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS A prolonged emergence time was observed from isoflurane anesthesia in demyelinated mice, which suggested the involvement of myelin in regulating GA. The demyelination in distinct nuclei by LPC further clarified the region-specific roles of isoflurane anesthesia regulation by myelin. The effect of demyelination on isoflurane anesthesia in the certain nucleus was consistent with that in neurons towards isoflurane anesthesia. Finally, we found that the mechanism of myelin in the modulation of isoflurane anesthesia is possibly through the regulation of neuronal activity. CONCLUSIONS In brief, myelin in the distinct neural nucleus plays an essential role in regulating the process of isoflurane anesthesia. The possible mechanism of myelin in the regulation of isoflurane anesthesia is neuronal activity modification by myelin integrity during GA. Our findings enhanced the comprehension of myelin function, and offered a fresh perspective for investigating the neural mechanisms of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Rulan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Fuwang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yali Lu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Tian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Linyong Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection (Zunyi Medical University), Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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5
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Zhou L, Ran Q, Yi R, Tang H, Zhang Y, Yu T. Glutamatergic neurons of piriform cortex delay induction of inhalational general anesthesia. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:829-840. [PMID: 39156577 PMCID: PMC11330113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their clinical application in the 1840s, the greatest mystery surrounding general anesthesia (GA) is how different kinds of general anesthetics cause reversible unconsciousness, and the precise neural mechanisms underlying the processes. Over past years, although many studies revealed the roles of cortex, thalamus, brainstem, especially the sleep-wake circuits in GA-induced loss of consciousness (LOC),the full picture of the neural circuit mechanism of GA is still largely unknown. Recent studies have focused on the importance of other brain regions. Here, we report that the activity of glutamatergic (Glu) neurons in the piriform cortex (PC), a critical brain region for odor encoding, began to increase during the LOC of GA and gradually recovered after recovery of consciousness. Chemical lesions of the anterior PC (APC) neurons accelerated the induction time of isoflurane anesthesia. Chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of APCGlu neurons prolonged isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia induction, whereas APCGlu neuron inhibition displayed the opposite effects. Moreover, the modification of APCGlu neurons did not affect the induction or emergence time of propofol GA. In addition, odor processing may be partially involved in the induction of isoflurane and sevoflurane GA regulated by APCGlu neurons. In conclusion, our findings reveal a critical role of APCGlu neurons in inhalational GA induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Qipeng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Rulan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Huanyao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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6
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Nagayama S, Hasegawa-Ishii S, Kikuta S. Anesthetized animal experiments for neuroscience research. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1426689. [PMID: 38884008 PMCID: PMC11177690 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1426689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain research has progressed with anesthetized animal experiments for a long time. Recent progress in research techniques allows us to measure neuronal activity in awake animals combined with behavioral tasks. The trends became more prominent in the last decade. This new research style triggers the paradigm shift in the research of brain science, and new insights into brain function have been revealed. It is reasonable to consider that awake animal experiments are more ideal for understanding naturalistic brain function than anesthetized ones. However, the anesthetized animal experiment still has advantages in some experiments. To take advantage of the anesthetized animal experiments, it is important to understand the mechanism of anesthesia and carefully handle the obtained data. In this minireview, we will shortly summarize the molecular mechanism of anesthesia in animal experiments, a recent understanding of the neuronal activities in a sensory system in the anesthetized animal brain, and consider the advantages and disadvantages of the anesthetized and awake animal experiments. This discussion will help us to use both research conditions in the proper manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nagayama
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shu Kikuta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School of Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Li T, Zhang J, Liu Z, Lu Y, Gong C, Han D, Wu Y, Gao K, Heng L, Wang L, Peng P. Effect of propofol and ciprofol on the euphoric reaction in patients with painless gastroscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30378. [PMID: 38707441 PMCID: PMC11068811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of propofol and ciprofol on patient euphoric reactions during sedation in patients undergoing gastroscopy and to investigate potential factors that may influence euphoric reactions in patients. Methods A total of 217 patients were randomly divided into two groups: the propofol group (P group, n = 109) and the ciprofol group (C group, n = 108). The patients in the P group were given 2 mg/kg propofol, and those in the C group were given 0.5 mg/kg ciprofol. The patients were assessed using the Addiction Research Center Inventory-Chinese Version (ARCI-CV) to measure euphoric reactions at three time points: preexamination, 30 min after awakening, and 1 week after examination. Anxiety, depression, and sleep status were evaluated using appropriate scales at admission and 1 week after the examination. The dream rate, sedative effects, vital sign dynamics, and adverse reactions were documented during the sedation process. Results After 30 min of awakening, the P group and C group showed no statistically significant differences in the mean morphine-benzedrine group (MBG) score (8.84 vs. 9.09, P > 0.05), dream rate (42.2 % vs. 40.7 %, P > 0.05), or MBG score one week after the examination (7.04 vs. 7.05, P > 0.05). The regression analysis revealed that sex, dream status, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score, and examination time had notable impacts on the MBG-30 min score. No statistically significant differences were observed in sedative effects, anxiety, depression, or sleep status between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of injection pain and severe hypotension was significantly lower in the C group (P < 0.05), and hemodynamics and SpO2 were more stable during sedation (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was no significant difference between propofol and ciprofol in terms of euphoria experienced by patients after sedation in patients undergoing gastroscopy. Ciprofol has demonstrated addictive potential similar to that of propofol, warranting careful attention to its addictive potential during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhouliang Liu
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yao Lu
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuhao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailun Gao
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Heng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou New Healthy Geriatric Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of JiangSu University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Renci Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Hu Y, Du W, Qi J, Luo H, Zhang Z, Luo M, Wang Y. Comparative brain-wide mapping of ketamine- and isoflurane-activated nuclei and functional networks in the mouse brain. eLife 2024; 12:RP88420. [PMID: 38512722 PMCID: PMC10957177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their distinct and shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of KET and ISO on c-Fos expression across the mouse brain, utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the responses of individual brain regions to each anesthetic. Our findings reveal that KET activates a wide range of brain regions, notably in the cortical and subcortical nuclei involved in sensory, motor, emotional, and reward processing, with the temporal association areas (TEa) as a strong hub, suggesting a top-down mechanism affecting consciousness by primarily targeting higher order cortical networks. In contrast, ISO predominantly influences brain regions in the hypothalamus, impacting neuroendocrine control, autonomic function, and homeostasis, with the locus coeruleus (LC) as a connector hub, indicating a bottom-up mechanism in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. KET and ISO both activate brain areas involved in sensory processing, memory and cognition, reward and motivation, as well as autonomic and homeostatic control, highlighting their shared effects on various neural pathways. In conclusion, our results highlight the distinct but overlapping effects of KET and ISO, enriching our understanding of the mechanisms underlying general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjie Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiangtao Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mengqiang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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9
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McKinstry-Wu AR, Kelz MB. One node among many: sevoflurane-induced hypnosis and the challenge of an integrative network-level view of anaesthetic action. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:220-223. [PMID: 38000931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Building on their known ability to influence sleep and arousal, Li and colleagues show that modulating the activity of glutamatergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurones also alters sevoflurane-induced hypnosis. This finding adds support for the shared sleep-anaesthesia circuit hypothesis. However, the expanding recognition of many neuronal clusters capable of modulating anaesthetic hypnosis raises the question of how disparate and anatomically distant sites ultimately interact to coordinate global changes in the state of the brain. Understanding how these individual sites work in concert to disrupt cognition and behaviour is the next challenge for anaesthetic mechanisms research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McKinstry-Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max B Kelz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Mahoney Institute of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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He Y, Liu T, He Q, Ke W, Li X, Du J, Deng S, Shu Z, Wu J, Yang B, Wang Y, Mao Y, Rao Y, Shu Y, Peng B. Microglia facilitate and stabilize the response to general anesthesia via modulating the neuronal network in a brain region-specific manner. eLife 2023; 12:RP92252. [PMID: 38131301 PMCID: PMC10746144 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia leads to a loss of consciousness and an unrousable state in patients. Although general anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The potential involvement of nonneuronal cells is unknown. Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play critical roles in CNS function and dysfunction. We unintentionally observed delayed anesthesia induction and early anesthesia emergence in microglia-depleted mice. We found that microglial depletion differentially regulates neuronal activities by suppressing the neuronal network of anesthesia-activated brain regions and activating emergence-activated brain regions. Thus, microglia facilitate and stabilize the anesthesia status. This influence is not mediated by dendritic spine plasticity. Instead, it relies on the activation of microglial P2Y12 and subsequent calcium influx, which facilitates the general anesthesia response. Together, we elucidate the regulatory role of microglia in general anesthesia, extending our knowledge of how nonneuronal cells modulate neuronal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Taohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Quansheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinjin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Suixin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenfeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jialin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baozhi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanxia Rao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yousheng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Co-Innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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11
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Haam J, Gunin S, Wilson L, Fry S, Bernstein B, Thomson E, Noblet H, Cushman J, Yakel JL. Entorhinal cortical delta oscillations drive memory consolidation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113267. [PMID: 37838945 PMCID: PMC10872950 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memories are formed by creating stable memory representations via memory consolidation, which mainly occurs during sleep following the encoding of labile memories in the hippocampus during waking. The entorhinal cortex (EC) has intricate connections with the hippocampus, but its role in memory consolidation is largely unknown. Using cell-type- and input-specific in vivo neural activity recordings, here we show that the temporoammonic pathway neurons in the EC, which directly innervate the output area of the hippocampus, exhibit potent oscillatory activities during anesthesia and sleep. Using in vivo individual and populational neuronal activity recordings, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of the temporoammonic pathway neurons, which we termed sleep cells, generate delta oscillations via hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels during sleep. The blockade of these oscillations significantly impaired the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. Together, our findings uncover a key driver of delta oscillations and memory consolidation that are found in the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Haam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Suman Gunin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sydney Fry
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Briana Bernstein
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Eric Thomson
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hayden Noblet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jesse Cushman
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jerrel L Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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12
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Liu Q, Bell BJ, Kim DW, Lee SS, Keles MF, Liu Q, Blum ID, Wang AA, Blank EJ, Xiong J, Bedont JL, Chang AJ, Issa H, Cohen JY, Blackshaw S, Wu MN. A clock-dependent brake for rhythmic arousal in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6381. [PMID: 37821426 PMCID: PMC10567910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks generate rhythms of arousal, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In Drosophila, the clock output molecule WIDE AWAKE (WAKE) labels rhythmic neural networks and cyclically regulates sleep and arousal. Here, we show, in a male mouse model, that mWAKE/ANKFN1 labels a subpopulation of dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) neurons involved in rhythmic arousal and acts in the DMH to reduce arousal at night. In vivo Ca2+ imaging reveals elevated DMHmWAKE activity during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while patch-clamp recordings show that DMHmWAKE neurons fire more frequently at night. Chemogenetic manipulations demonstrate that DMHmWAKE neurons are necessary and sufficient for arousal. Single-cell profiling coupled with optogenetic activation experiments suggest that GABAergic DMHmWAKE neurons promote arousal. Surprisingly, our data suggest that mWAKE acts as a clock-dependent brake on arousal during the night, when mice are normally active. mWAKE levels peak at night under clock control, and loss of mWAKE leads to hyperarousal and greater DMHmWAKE neuronal excitability specifically at night. These results suggest that the clock does not solely promote arousal during an animal's active period, but instead uses opposing processes to produce appropriate levels of arousal in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qili Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Annette A Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elijah J Blank
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiali Xiong
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Bedont
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna J Chang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Habon Issa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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13
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Tossell K, Yu X, Giannos P, Anuncibay Soto B, Nollet M, Yustos R, Miracca G, Vicente M, Miao A, Hsieh B, Ma Y, Vyssotski AL, Constandinou T, Franks NP, Wisden W. Somatostatin neurons in prefrontal cortex initiate sleep-preparatory behavior and sleep via the preoptic and lateral hypothalamus. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1805-1819. [PMID: 37735497 PMCID: PMC10545541 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) enables mammals to respond to situations, including internal states, with appropriate actions. One such internal state could be 'tiredness'. Here, using activity tagging in the mouse PFC, we identified particularly excitable, fast-spiking, somatostatin-expressing, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (PFCSst-GABA) cells that responded to sleep deprivation. These cells projected to the lateral preoptic (LPO) hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Stimulating PFCSst-GABA terminals in the LPO hypothalamus caused sleep-preparatory behavior (nesting, elevated theta power and elevated temperature), and stimulating PFCSst-GABA terminals in the LH mimicked recovery sleep (non-rapid eye-movement sleep with higher delta power and lower body temperature). PFCSst-GABA terminals had enhanced activity during nesting and sleep, inducing inhibitory postsynaptic currents on diverse cells in the LPO hypothalamus and the LH. The PFC also might feature in deciding sleep location in the absence of excessive fatigue. These findings suggest that the PFC instructs the hypothalamus to ensure that optimal sleep takes place in a suitable place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tossell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Berta Anuncibay Soto
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Nollet
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Miracca
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mikal Vicente
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andawei Miao
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bryan Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich-ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Constandinou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Care Research and Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Center for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Center for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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14
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Zhu J, Chen C, Wu J, He M, Li S, Fang Y, Zhou Y, Xu H, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Manyande A, Zheng F, Chen T, Xu F, Ma D, Wang J, Zhang Z. Effects of propofol and sevoflurane on social and anxiety-related behaviours in sleep-deprived rats. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:531-541. [PMID: 37543435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders can profoundly affect neurological function. We investigated changes in social and anxiety-related brain functional connectivity induced by sleep deprivation, and the potential therapeutic effects of the general anaesthetics propofol and sevoflurane in rats. METHODS Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sleep deprivation for 20 h per day (from 14:00 to 10:00 the next day) for 4 consecutive weeks. They were free from sleep deprivation for the remaining 4 h during which they received propofol (40 mg kg-1 i.p.) or sevoflurane (2% for 2 h) per day or no treatment. These cohorts were instrumented for EEG/EMG recordings on days 2, 14, and 28. Different cohorts were used for open field and three-chambered social behavioural tests, functional MRI, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography imaging 48 h after 4 weeks of sleep deprivation. RESULTS Propofol protected against sleep deprivation-induced anxiety behaviours with more time (44.7 [8.9] s vs 24.2 [4.1] s for the sleep-deprivation controls; P<0.001) spent in the central area of the open field test and improved social preference index by 30% (all P<0.01). Compared with the sleep-deprived rats, propofol treatment enhanced overall functional connectivity by 74% (P<0.05) and overall glucose metabolism by 30% (P<0.01), and improved glutamate kinetics by 20% (P<0.05). In contrast, these effects were not found after sevoflurane treatment. CONCLUSIONS Unlike sevoflurane, propofol reduced sleep deprivation-induced social and anxiety-related behaviours. Propofol might be superior to sevoflurane for patients with sleep disorders who receive anaesthesia, which should be studied in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, and Medical Research Institute at School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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15
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Huang L, Chen X, Tao Q, Wang X, Huang X, Fu Y, Yang Y, Deng S, Lin S, So KF, Song X, Ren C. Bright light treatment counteracts stress-induced sleep alterations in mice, via a visual circuit related to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002282. [PMID: 37676855 PMCID: PMC10484455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Light in the environment greatly impacts a variety of brain functions, including sleep. Clinical evidence suggests that bright light treatment has a beneficial effect on stress-related diseases. Although stress can alter sleep patterns, the effect of bright light treatment on stress-induced sleep alterations and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we show that bright light treatment reduces the increase in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep induced by chronic stress through a di-synaptic visual circuit consisting of the thalamic ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet (vLGN/IGL), lateral habenula (LHb), and rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Specifically, chronic stress causes a marked increase in NREM sleep duration and a complementary decrease in wakefulness time in mice. Specific activation of RMTg-projecting LHb neurons or activation of RMTg neurons receiving direct LHb inputs mimics the effects of chronic stress on sleep patterns, while inhibition of RMTg-projecting LHb neurons or RMTg neurons receiving direct LHb inputs reduces the NREM sleep-promoting effects of chronic stress. Importantly, we demonstrate that bright light treatment reduces the NREM sleep-promoting effects of chronic stress through the vLGN/IGL-LHb-RMTg pathway. Together, our results provide a circuit mechanism underlying the effects of bright light treatment on sleep alterations induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Lin
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingrong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Ren
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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16
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Zhang B, Zhang P, L T, Cao Y, Chen T, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zhong Q. P2X7 Receptor in microglia contributes to propofol-induced unconsciousness by regulating synaptic plasticity in mice. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00223-3. [PMID: 37211083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Propofol infusion is processed through the wake-sleep cycle in neural connections, and the ionotropic purine type 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonspecific cation channel implicated in sleep regulation and synaptic plasticity through its regulation of electric activity in the brain. Here, we explored the potential roles of P2X7R of microglia in propofol-induced unconsciousness. Propofol induced loss of the righting reflex in male C57BL/6 wild-type mice and increased spectral power of the slow wave and delta wave of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), all of which were reversed with P2X7R antagonist A-740003 and strengthened with P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP. Propofol increased the P2X7R expression level and P2X7R immunoreactivity with microglia in the mPFC, induced mild synaptic injury and increased GABA release in the mPFC, and these changes were less severe when treated with A-740003 and were more obvious when treated with Bz-ATP. Electrophysiological approaches showed that propofol induced a decreased frequency of sEPSCs and an increased frequency of sIPSCs, A-740003 decrease frequency of sEPSCs and sIPSCs and Bz-ATP increase frequency of sEPSCs and sIPSCs under propofol anesthesia. These findings indicated that P2X7R in microglia regulates synaptic plasticity and may contribute to propofol-mediated unconsciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430022
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071; Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430022
| | - Tingting L
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071.
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430071.
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17
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Xu Z, Hu SW, Zhou Y, Guo Q, Wang D, Gao YH, Zhao WN, Tang HM, Yang JX, Yu X, Ding HL, Cao JL. Corticotropin-releasing factor neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus modulate isoflurane anaesthesia and its responses to acute stress in mice. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:446-458. [PMID: 36737387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurones in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus (PVNCRF neurones) can promote wakefulness and are activated under anaesthesia. However, whether these neurones contribute to anaesthetic effects is unknown. METHODS With a combination of chemogenetic and molecular approaches, we examined the roles of PVNCRF neurones in isoflurane anaesthesia in mice and further explored the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. RESULTS PVN neurones exhibited increased Fos expression during isoflurane anaesthesia (mean [standard deviation], 218 [69.3] vs 21.3 [7.3]; P<0.001), and ∼75% were PVNCRF neurones. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVNCRF neurones facilitated emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia (11.7 [1.1] vs 13.9 [1.2] min; P=0.001), whereas chemogenetic activation of these neurones delayed emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia (16.9 [1.2] vs 13.9 [1.3] min; P=0.002). Isoflurane exposure increased CRF protein expression in PVN (4.0 [0.1] vs 2.2 [0.3], respectively; P<0.001). Knockdown of CRF in PVNCRF neurones mimicked the effects of chemogenetic inhibition of PVNCRF neurones in facilitating emergence (9.6 [1.1] vs 13.0 [1.4] min; P=0.003) and also abolished the effects of chemogenetic activation of PVNCRF neurones on delaying emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia (10.3 [1.3] vs 16.0 [2.6] min; P<0.001). Acute, but not chronic, stress delayed emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia (15.5 [1.5] vs 13.0 [1.4] min; P=0.004). This effect was reversed by chemogenetic inhibition of PVNCRF neurones (11.7 [1.6] vs 14.7 [1.4] min; P=0.001) or knockdown of CRF in PVNCRF neurones (12.3 [1.5] vs 15.3 [1.6] min; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS CRF neurones in the PVN of the hypothalamus neurones modulate isoflurane anaesthesia and acute stress effects on anaesthesia through CRF signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Su-Wan Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingchen Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Gao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Nan Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Mei Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xia Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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18
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McKinstry-Wu AR, Wasilczuk AZ, Dailey WP, Eckenhoff RG, Kelz MB. In Vivo Photoadduction of Anesthetic Ligands in Mouse Brain Markedly Extends Sedation and Hypnosis. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2338-2348. [PMID: 36849414 PMCID: PMC10072292 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1884-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoaffinity ligands are best known as tools used to identify the specific binding sites of drugs to their molecular targets. However, photoaffinity ligands have the potential to further define critical neuroanatomic targets of drug action. In the brains of WT male mice, we demonstrate the feasibility of using photoaffinity ligands in vivo to prolong anesthesia via targeted yet spatially restricted photoadduction of azi-m-propofol (aziPm), a photoreactive analog of the general anesthetic propofol. Systemic administration of aziPm with bilateral near-ultraviolet photoadduction in the rostral pons, at the border of the parabrachial nucleus and locus coeruleus, produced a 20-fold increase in the duration of sedative and hypnotic effects compared with control mice without UV illumination. Photoadduction that missed the parabrachial-coerulean complex also failed to extend the sedative or hypnotic actions of aziPm and was indistinguishable from nonadducted controls. Paralleling the prolonged behavioral and EEG consequences of on target in vivo photoadduction, we conducted electrophysiologic recordings in rostral pontine brain slices. Using neurons within the locus coeruleus to further highlight the cellular consequences of irreversible aziPm binding, we demonstrate transient slowing of spontaneous action potentials with a brief bath application of aziPm that becomes irreversible on photoadduction. Together, these findings suggest that photochemistry-based strategies are a viable new approach for probing CNS physiology and pathophysiology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Photoaffinity ligands are drugs capable of light-induced irreversible binding, which have unexploited potential to identify the neuroanatomic sites of drug action. We systemically administer a centrally acting anesthetic photoaffinity ligand in mice, conduct localized photoillumination within the brain to covalently adduct the drug at its in vivo sites of action, and successfully enrich irreversible drug binding within a restricted 250 µm radius. When photoadduction encompassed the pontine parabrachial-coerulean complex, anesthetic sedation and hypnosis was prolonged 20-fold, thus illustrating the power of in vivo photochemistry to help unravel neuronal mechanisms of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McKinstry-Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Andrzej Z Wasilczuk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - William P Dailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Roderic G Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Max B Kelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
- Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
- Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
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19
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Wang YL, Wang L, Xu W, He M, Dong H, Shi HY, Chen YQ, Huang ZL. Paraventricular thalamus controls consciousness transitions during propofol anaesthesia in mice. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:698-708. [PMID: 36828739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal mechanisms underlying propofol-induced modulation of consciousness are poorly understood. Neuroimaging studies suggest a potential role for non-specific thalamic nuclei in propofol-induced loss of consciousness. We investigated the contribution of the paraventricular thalamus (PVT), a midline thalamic nucleus that has been implicated in arousal control and general anaesthesia with inhaled anaesthetics, to loss and recovery of consciousness during propofol anaesthesia. METHODS Polysomnographic recordings and righting reflex test were used to determine the transitions of loss and recovery of righting reflex, used as a measure of consciousness in mice, during propofol anaesthesia in mice under conditions mimicking clinical propofol administration. PVT neuronal activities were monitored using fibre photometry and regulated using optogenetic and chemogenetic methods. RESULTS Population activities of PVT glutamatergic neurones began to decrease before propofol-induced loss of consciousness and rapidly increased to a peak at the onset of recovery of consciousness. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVT calretinin-expressing (PVTCR) neurones shortened onset (from 176 [35] to 127 [26] s; P=0.001) and prolonged return (from 1568 [611] to 3126 [1616] s; P=0.002) of righting reflex. Conversely, chemogenetic activation of PVTCR neurones exerted opposite effects. Furthermore, optogenetic silencing of PVTCR neurones accelerated transitions to loss of consciousness (from 205 [35] to 158 [44] s; P=0.027) and slowed transitions to recovery of consciousness (from 230 [78] to 370 [99] s; P=0.041). During a steady period of unconsciousness maintained with continuous propofol infusion, brief optical activation of PVTCR neurones restored cortical activity and arousal with a latency of about 5 s. CONCLUSIONS The paraventricular thalamus contributes to the control of consciousness transitions in propofol anaesthesia in mice. This provides a potential neuroanatomical target for controlling consciousness to reduce anaesthetic dose requirements and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Ying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Zhou F, Wang D, Li H, Wang S, Zhang X, Li A, Tong T, Zhong H, Yang Q, Dong H. Orexinergic innervations at GABAergic neurons of the lateral habenula mediates the anesthetic potency of sevoflurane. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1332-1344. [PMID: 36740262 PMCID: PMC10068468 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The circuitry mechanism associated with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness is still largely unknown. It has been reported that orexinergic neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) facilitate the emergence from anesthesia through their neuronal projections to the arousal-promoting brain areas. However, the lateral habenula (LHb), as one of the orexin downstream targets, is known for its anesthesia-promoting effect. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore whether and how the orexinergic projections from the LHA to the LHb have a regulatory effect on unconsciousness induced by general anesthesia. METHODS We applied optogenetic, chemogenetic, or pharmacological approaches to regulate the orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway. Fiber photometry was used to assess neuronal activity. Loss or recovery of the righting reflex was used to evaluate the induction or emergence time of general anesthesia. The burst-suppression ratio and electroencephalography spectra were used to measure the anesthetic depth. RESULTS We found that activation of the orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway promoted emergence and reduced anesthetic depth during sevoflurane anesthesia. Surprisingly, the arousal-promoting effect of the orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway was mediated by excitation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD2)-expressing neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons in the LHb. CONCLUSION The orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway facilitates emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia, and this effect was mediated by OxR2 in GAD2-expressing GABA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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21
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Luo M, Fei X, Liu X, Jin Z, Wang Y, Xu M. Divergent Neural Activity in the VLPO During Anesthesia and Sleep. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203395. [PMID: 36461756 PMCID: PMC9839870 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The invention of general anesthesia (GA) represents a significant advance in modern clinical practices. However, the exact mechanisms of GA are not entirely understood. Because of the multitude of similarities between GA and sleep, one intriguing hypothesis is that anesthesia may engage the sleep-wake regulation circuits. Here, using fiber photometry and micro-endoscopic imaging of Ca2+ signals at both population and single-cell levels, it investigates how various anesthetics modulate the neural activity in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (vLPO), a brain region essential for the initiation of sleep. It is found that different anesthetics primarily induced suppression of neural activity and tended to recruit a similar group of vLPO neurons; however, each anesthetic caused comparable modulations of both wake-active and sleep-active neurons. These results demonstrate that anesthesia creates a different state of neural activity in the vLPO than during natural sleep, suggesting that anesthesia may not engage the same vLPO circuits for sleep generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Luo
- Department of AnesthesiologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Zikang Jin
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghai201210China
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22
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Brock O, Gelegen C, Sully P, Salgarella I, Jager P, Menage L, Mehta I, Jęczmień-Łazur J, Djama D, Strother L, Coculla A, Vernon AC, Brickley S, Holland P, Cooke SF, Delogu A. A Role for Thalamic Projection GABAergic Neurons in Circadian Responses to Light. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9158-9179. [PMID: 36280260 PMCID: PMC9761691 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0112-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is an important hub for sensory information and participates in sensory perception, regulation of attention, arousal and sleep. These functions are executed primarily by glutamatergic thalamocortical neurons that extend axons to the cortex and initiate cortico-thalamocortical connectional loops. However, the thalamus also contains projection GABAergic neurons that do not extend axons toward the cortex. Here, we have harnessed recent insight into the development of the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv) to specifically target and manipulate thalamic projection GABAergic neurons in female and male mice. Our results show that thalamic GABAergic neurons of the IGL and LGv receive retinal input from diverse classes of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) but not from the M1 intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) type. We describe the synergistic role of the photoreceptor melanopsin and the thalamic neurons of the IGL/LGv in circadian entrainment to dim light. We identify a requirement for the thalamic IGL/LGv neurons in the rapid changes in vigilance states associated with circadian light transitions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGv) are part of the extended circadian system and mediate some nonimage-forming visual functions. Here, we show that each of these structures has a thalamic (dorsal) as well as prethalamic (ventral) developmental origin. We map the retinal input to thalamus-derived cells in the IGL/LGv complex and discover that while RGC input is dominant, this is not likely to originate from M1ipRGCs. We implicate thalamic cells in the IGL/LGv in vigilance state transitions at circadian light changes and in overt behavioral entrainment to dim light, the latter exacerbated by concomitant loss of melanopsin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Brock
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Cigdem Gelegen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sully
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Salgarella
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Polona Jager
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Menage
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Ishita Mehta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Jagoda Jęczmień-Łazur
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Deyl Djama
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Strother
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Coculla
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brickley
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Holland
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Disease, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel F Cooke
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Zhang F, Chang H, Qing W, Yu R, Liao Q, Tong J. Remimazolam Tosylate Combined with Low-Dose Propofol Improves Sedation and Safety in Hysteroscopy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4101-4108. [PMID: 36471692 PMCID: PMC9719264 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s390403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is widely used for sedation of hysteroscopy. It can cause injection pain, respiratory depression, and hypotension. Remimazolam is a novel ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine. Clinical practice has found that the use of remimazolam alone often leads to body movement during hysteroscopy, which decreases the safety and comfort. Here this study is to investigate whether remimazolam combined with low-dose propofol can improve the sedation effect and safety of hysteroscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled trial, women (18 to 60 years) undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to receive propofol (Group P), remimazolam tosylate (Group R), or remimazolam tosylate plus propofol (Group RP). Intraoperative sedation depth was kept at the bispectral index (BIS) value of 40-60. 6 μg/kg alfentanil was used for analgesic before sedation. Intraoperative low pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), body movement, injection pain, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and postoperative recovery time, dizziness, nausea and vomiting were recorded and compared. RESULTS From February to July 2022, 193 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to group P (n=64), group R (n=64), or group RP (n=65). There was no significant inter-group difference of the intraoperative BIS values. The incidence of low SpO2, injection pain, hypotension, and postoperative dizziness in group RP were less than that in group P, and had no significant difference from group R. The incidence of body movement in group RP was less than that in group R, and had no significant difference from group P. Postoperative recovery time of group RP was shorter than that of the other two groups. No significant inter-group difference in bradycardia, nausea and vomiting was observed. CONCLUSION Remimazolam tosylate combined with low dose of propofol improved sedation and safety in hysteroscopy, and may be a more ideal sedative method for hysteroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rili Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
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Luo T, Li L, Li J, Cai S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Yu T. Claustrum modulates behavioral sensitivity and EEG activity of propofol anesthesia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:378-389. [PMID: 36353753 PMCID: PMC9804072 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The claustrum has long been regarded as a vital center for conscious control. Electrical stimulation or damage to the claustrum can result in decreased awareness or loss of consciousness, suggesting that the claustrum may be a target for the action of general anesthetics. This study aimed to determine the role of the claustrum in propofol anesthesia. METHODS We first applied a fiber photometry calcium signal recording system to record the claustral neuronal activity during the entire process of propofol anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustral neurones was then performed to verify their role in anesthesia. Finally, muscimol (GABAa receptor agonist) and gabazine (GABAa receptor antagonist) were microinjected into the claustrum to determine whether their GABAa receptors were involved in modulating propofol anesthesia. EEG and behavioral indicators, such as anesthetic sensitivity and efficacy, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS An evident anesthesia-related change in claustrum neuronal activity was suppressed during propofol-induced unconsciousness and restored following recovery from anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustrum neurons results in attenuated propofol sensitivity, a shorter anesthesia duration, and an EEG shift toward wakefulness. Manipulation of GABAa receptors in the claustrum showed bidirectional control of propofol sensitivity, as activation decreases anesthesia efficiency while inactivation augments it. Additionally, inhibiting claustrum GABAa receptors increases cortical EEG slow waves. CONCLUSIONS Claustrum neurones and their GABAa receptors are implicated in the modulation of propofol anesthesia in both behavioral and EEG assessments. Our findings create scope to reveal the brain targets of anesthetic action further and add to the existing evidence on the consciousness-modulating role of the claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yuan Luo
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Long‐Yu Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyChongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqingChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shou‐Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Zhai X, Yuan Y, Xu L, Jun J, Li Y, Yan Y, Zhang L. Cerebrospinal fluid contacting nucleus and its 5-HT: A new insight into the regulation mechanism of general intravenous anesthesia. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hypoxia-triggered O-GlcNAcylation in the brain drives the glutamate-glutamine cycle and reduces sensitivity to sevoflurane in mice. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:703-715. [PMID: 36031420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity to general anaesthetics predicts adverse postoperative outcomes in patients. Hypoxia exerts extensive pathophysiological effects on the brain; however, whether hypoxia influences sevoflurane sensitivity and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS Mice were acclimated to hypoxia (oxygen 10% for 8 h day-1) for 28 days and anaesthetised with sevoflurane; the effective concentrations for 50% of the animals (EC50) showing loss of righting reflex (LORR) and loss of tail-pinch withdrawal response (LTWR) were determined. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography, O-glycoproteomics, seahorse analysis, carbon-13 tracing, site-specific mutagenesis, and electrophysiological techniques were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the hypoxia-acclimated mice required higher concentrations of sevoflurane to present LORR and LTWR (EC50LORR: 1.61 [0.03]% vs 1.46 [0.04]%, P<0.01; EC50LTWR: 2.46 [0.14]% vs 2.22 [0.06]%, P<0.01). Hypoxia-induced reduction in sevoflurane sensitivity was correlated with elevation of protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in brain, especially in the thalamus, and could be abolished by 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, a glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase inhibitor, and mimicked by thiamet-G, a selective O-GlcNAcase inhibitor. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation drives de novo synthesis of glutamine from glucose in astrocytes and promotes the glutamate-glutamine cycle, partially via glycolytic flux and activation of glutamine synthetase. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent hypoxia exposure decreased mouse sensitivity to sevoflurane anaesthesia through enhanced O-GlcNAc-dependent modulation of the glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain.
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Miracca G, Anuncibay-Soto B, Tossell K, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Franks NP, Wisden W. NMDA Receptors in the Lateral Preoptic Hypothalamus Are Essential for Sustaining NREM and REM Sleep. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5389-5409. [PMID: 35649726 PMCID: PMC7613025 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0350-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral preoptic (LPO) hypothalamus is a center for NREM and REM sleep induction and NREM sleep homeostasis. Although LPO is needed for NREM sleep, we found that calcium signals were, surprisingly, highest in REM sleep. Furthermore, and equally surprising, NMDA receptors in LPO were the main drivers of excitation. Deleting the NMDA receptor GluN1 subunit from LPO abolished calcium signals in all cells and produced insomnia. Mice of both sexes had highly fragmented NREM sleep-wake patterns and could not generate conventionally classified REM sleep. The sleep phenotype produced by deleting NMDA receptors depended on where in the hypothalamus the receptors were deleted. Deleting receptors from the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) did not influence sleep-wake states. The sleep fragmentation originated from NMDA receptors on GABA neurons in LPO. Sleep fragmentation could be transiently overcome with sleeping medication (zolpidem) or sedatives (dexmedetomidine; Dex). By contrast, fragmentation persisted under high sleep pressure produced by sleep deprivation (SD), mice had a high propensity to sleep but woke up. By analyzing changes in δ power, sleep homeostasis (also referred to as "sleep drive") remained intact after NMDA receptor ablation. We suggest NMDA glutamate receptor activation stabilizes firing of sleep-on neurons and that mechanisms of sleep maintenance differ from that of the sleep drive itself.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Insomnia is a common affliction. Most insomniacs feel that they do not get enough sleep, but in fact, often have good amounts of sleep. Their sleep, however, is fragmented, and sufferers wake up feeling unrefreshed. It is unknown how sleep is maintained once initiated. We find that in mice, NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the hypothalamus are the main drivers of excitation and are required for a range of sleep properties: they are, in fact, needed for both sustained NREM sleep periods, and REM sleep generation. When NMDA receptors are selectively reduced from inhibitory preoptic (PO) neurons, mice have normal total amounts of sleep but high sleep-wake fragmentation, providing a model for studying intractable insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Miracca
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoko Tossell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Gelegen C, Cash D, Ilic K, Sander M, Kim E, Simmons C, Bernanos M, Lama J, Randall K, Brown JT, Kalanj-Bognar S, Cooke S, Ray Chaudhuri K, Ballard C, Francis P, Rosenzweig I. Relevance of sleep and associated structural changes in GBA1 mouse to human rapid eye movement behavior disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7973. [PMID: 35562385 PMCID: PMC9105586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a REM parasomnia that often predicts the later occurrence of alpha-synucleinopathies. Variants in the gene encoding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, GBA, strongly increase the risk of RBD. In a GBA1-mouse model recently shown to mimic prodromal stages of α-synucleinopathy, we now demonstrate striking REM and NREM electroencephalographic sleep abnormalities accompanied by distinct structural changes in the more widespread sleep neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Gelegen
- Department of Neuroimaging, Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), De Crespigny Park, Box 089, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, KCL, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), De Crespigny Park, Box 089, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- BRAIN, Department of Neuroimaging, KCL, London, UK
| | - Katarina Ilic
- Department of Neuroimaging, Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), De Crespigny Park, Box 089, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Millie Sander
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eugene Kim
- BRAIN, Department of Neuroimaging, KCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - Joana Lama
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, KCL, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan T Brown
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Samuel Cooke
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, KCL, London, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- King's College London and Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Francis
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, KCL, London, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Department of Neuroimaging, Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London (KCL), De Crespigny Park, Box 089, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Sleep Disorders Centre, GSTT, London, UK.
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Ward-Flanagan R, Lo AS, Clement EA, Dickson CT. A Comparison of Brain-State Dynamics across Common Anesthetic Agents in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073608. [PMID: 35408973 PMCID: PMC8998244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia is a powerful tool in neuroscientific research, especially in sleep research where it has the experimental advantage of allowing surgical interventions that are ethically problematic in natural sleep. Yet, while it is well documented that different anesthetic agents produce a variety of brain states, and consequently have differential effects on a multitude of neurophysiological factors, these outcomes vary based on dosages, the animal species used, and the pharmacological mechanisms specific to each anesthetic agent. Thus, our aim was to conduct a controlled comparison of spontaneous electrophysiological dynamics at a surgical plane of anesthesia under six common research anesthetics using a ubiquitous animal model, the Sprague-Dawley rat. From this direct comparison, we also evaluated which anesthetic agents may serve as pharmacological proxies for the electrophysiological features and dynamics of unconscious states such as sleep and coma. We found that at a surgical plane, pentobarbital, isoflurane and propofol all produced a continuous pattern of burst-suppression activity, which is a neurophysiological state characteristically observed during coma. In contrast, ketamine-xylazine produced synchronized, slow-oscillatory activity, similar to that observed during slow-wave sleep. Notably, both urethane and chloral hydrate produced the spontaneous, cyclical alternations between forebrain activation (REM-like) and deactivation (non-REM-like) that are similar to those observed during natural sleep. Thus, choice of anesthesia, in conjunction with continuous brain state monitoring, are critical considerations in order to avoid brain-state confounds when conducting neurophysiological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ward-Flanagan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (R.W.-F.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Alto S. Lo
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Elizabeth A. Clement
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (R.W.-F.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Clayton T. Dickson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (R.W.-F.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(780)-492-7860
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30
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A neural circuit from the paraventricular thalamus to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis for the regulation of states of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia in mice. Anesthesiology 2022; 136:709-731. [PMID: 35263424 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural circuitry underlying sevoflurane-induced modulation of consciousness is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the paraventricular thalamus-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis pathway plays an important role in regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS Rabies-virus-based transsynaptic tracing techniques were employed to reveal the neural pathway from the paraventricular thalamus to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. We investigated the role of this pathway in sevoflurane anesthesia induction, maintenance and emergence using chemogenetic and optogenetic methods combined with cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Both male and female mice were used in our study. RESULTS Both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis receive paraventricular thalamus glutamatergic projections. Chemogenetic inhibition of paraventricular thalamus glutamatergic neurons prolonged the sevoflurane anesthesia emergence time (mean ± SD, hM4D-CNO vs. mCherry-CNO, 281 ± 88 vs. 172 ± 48 s, p < 0.001, n = 24) and decreased the induction time (101 ± 32 vs. 136 ± 34 s, p = 0.002, n = 24) as well as the EC50 for the loss or recovery of the righting reflex under sevoflurane anesthesia (mean [95% confidence interval]; MACLORR, 1.16 [1.12 to 1.20] vs. 1.49 [1.46 to 1.53] vol%, p < 0.001, n = 20; MACRORR, 0.95 [0.86 to 1.03] vs. 1.34 [1.29 to 1.40] vol%, p < 0.001, n = 20). Similar results were observed during suppression of the paraventricular thalamus- bed nucleus stria terminalis pathway. Optogenetic activation of this pathway produced the opposite effects. Additionally, transient stimulation of this pathway efficiently induced behavioral arousal during continuous steady-state general anesthesia with sevoflurane and reduced the depth of anesthesia during sevoflurane-induced burst suppression. CONCLUSIONS In mice, axonal projections from the paraventricular thalamic neurons to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis contribute to regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia.
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Kamei N, Higo S, Mizuno T, Mori K, Sakamoto A, Ozawa H. Identification of Brain Regions Activated by Sevoflurane and Propofol and Regional Changes in Gene Expression. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:37-46. [PMID: 35444347 PMCID: PMC8913278 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics have different efficacies and side effect incidences based on their mechanism of action. However, detailed comparative studies of anesthetics are incomplete. In this study, target brain regions and gene expression changes in these brain regions were determined for sevoflurane and propofol to understand the mechanisms that cause differences among anesthetics. Rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane or propofol for 1 hr, and brain regions with anesthesia-induced changes in neuronal activity were examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for c-Fos. Among the identified target brain regions, gene expression analysis was performed in the habenula, the solitary nucleus and the medial vestibular nucleus from laser microdissected samples. Genes altered by sevoflurane and propofol were different and included genes involved in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and emergence agitation, such as Egr1 and Gad2. GO enrichment analysis showed that the altered genes tended to be evenly distributed in all functional category. The detailed profiles of target brain regions and induced gene expression changes of sevoflurane and propofol in this study will provide a basis for analyzing the effects of each anesthetic agent and the risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Kamei
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Shimpei Higo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Tomoki Mizuno
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Atsuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Graduate school of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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Li J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang Z. Clinical effects of low-dose esketamine for anaesthesia induction in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2022; 47:759-766. [PMID: 35018643 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Esketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which has stronger sedative and analgesic effects and fewer adverse events than ketamine. The effects of low-dose esketamine on haemodynamics and postoperative quality of recovery in elderly patients have not been evaluated. To evaluate whether low-dose esketamine can be safely used for anaesthesia induction in the elderly. METHODS Eighty elderly patients were selected for unilateral total knee replacement under general anaesthesia from February 2021 to August 2021. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40): control group (C group) and esketamine group (K group). During induction of anaesthesia, the control group was intravenously injected with normal saline of equal volume, and the esketamine group was intravenously injected with 0.2-mg/kg esketamine. Both groups were induced by etomidate, sufentanil and rocuronium and maintained by combined intravenous and inhaled anaesthesia during operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HR, SBP, DBP, MAP and BIS values were recorded before induction of anaesthesia (T0 ), immediately before endotracheal intubation (T1 ), 1min(T2 ) and 5min(T3 ) after endotracheal intubation, surgical skin incision (T4 ), 1min(T5 ) and 5min(T6 ) after surgical skin incision. RESULTS Compared with the C group, SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and BIS of the K group were significantly higher at T1 -T3 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and BIS between the two groups at T4 -T6 (p > 0.05). Compared with T0 , SBP, MAP and BIS values of the two groups at T1 -T6 were decreased (p < 0.05). DBP of the K group at T2 was not significantly different from DBP at T0 (p < 0.05), but DBP of the C group decreased from T1 to T6 (p < 0.05). Compared with T0 , HR in both groups decreased at T1 , T3 , T4 , T5 and T6 (p < 0.05). Compared with the C group, the incidence of cough in the K group was significantly lower (p < 0.05); There was no significant difference in the number of myoclonus during induction between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the C group, the number of hypotension episodes in the K group during induction was much smaller (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension, bradycardia and tachycardia (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative recovery quality and incidence of adverse events between the two groups (p > 0.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Low-dose esketamine for anaesthesia induction in the elderly undergoing knee arthroplasty may better maintain the stability of haemodynamics and has no adverse effect on the quality of early recovery after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Song Y, Li J, Li H, Cai M, Miao D. The role of ventral tegmental area orexinergic afferents in depressive-like behavior in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:22-28. [PMID: 34583191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Orexin has been implicated in comorbid diseases of depression, making it a promising target for anti-depression treatment. Although orexin neurons exhibit abnormal activity in depression, the neurocircuit mechanism of orexin remains unclear. As one of the important downstream factors of orexin neurons, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is considered crucial to the mechanism of depression. However, the role of VTA orexinergic afferents in depression remains unclear. In this study, we applied a combination of opto/chemogenetic and neuropharmacology methods to investigate whether the VTA orexinergic afferents participate in the pathogenesis of depression in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. We found that c-Fos expression in these VTA-projecting orexin neurons specifically decreased in CUMS-treated mice. Optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of orexin terminals in the VTA significantly reversed depressive behavior. Microinjection of orexin-A, but not orexin-B, into the VTA significantly improved depressive-like behavior. Our study provided direct evidence that the VTA orexinergic afferents participate in the mechanism of depression, and the orexin-1 receptor plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Song
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Brain Clocks, Sleep, and Mood. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus houses the master clock, but the genes which encode the circadian clock components are also expressed throughout the brain. Here, we review how circadian clock transcription factors regulate neuromodulator systems such as histamine, dopamine, and orexin that promote arousal. These circadian transcription factors all lead to repression of the histamine, dopamine, and orexin systems during the sleep period, so ensuring integration with the ecology of the animal. If these transcription factors are deleted or mutated, in addition to the global disturbances in circadian rhythms, this causes a chronic up-regulation of neuromodulators leading to hyperactivity, elevated mood, and reduced sleep, which have been suggested to be states resembling mania.
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35
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Franks NP, Wisden W. The inescapable drive to sleep: Overlapping mechanisms of sleep and sedation. Science 2021; 374:556-559. [PMID: 34709918 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Yatziv SL, Yudco O, Vaso K, Mizrahi A, Devor M. Anesthesia in mice activates discrete populations of neurons throughout the brain. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:3284-3305. [PMID: 34510528 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The brain undergoes rapid, dramatic, and reversible transitioning between states of wakefulness and unconsciousness during natural sleep and in pathological conditions such as hypoxia, hypotension, and concussion. Transitioning can also be induced pharmacologically using general anesthetic agents. The effect is selective. Mobility, sensory perception, memory formation, and awareness are lost while numerous housekeeping functions persist. How is selective transitioning accomplished? Classically a handful of brainstem and diencephalic "arousal nuclei" have been implicated in driving brain-state transitions on the grounds that their net activity systematically varies with brain state. Here we used transgenic targeted recombination in active populations mice to label neurons active during wakefulness with one reporter and neurons active during pentobarbital-induced general anesthesia with a second, contrasting reporter. We found 'wake-on' and 'anesthesia-on' neurons in widely distributed regions-of-interest, but rarely encountered neurons labeled with both reporters. Nearly all labeled neurons were either wake-on or anesthesia-on. Thus, anesthesia-on neurons are not unique to the few nuclei discovered to date whose activity appears to increase during anesthesia. Rather neuronal populations selectively active during anesthesia are located throughout the brain where they likely play a causative role in transitioning between wakefulness and anesthesia. The widespread neuronal suppression reported in prior comparisons of the awake and anesthetized brain in animal models and noninvasive imaging in humans reflects only net differences. It misses the ubiquitous presence of neurons whose activity increases during anesthesia. The balance in recruitment of anesthesia-on versus wake-on neuronal populations throughout the brain may be a key driver of regional and global vigilance states. [Correction added on September 22, 2021, after first online publication: Due to a typesetting error, the abstract text was cut off. This has been corrected now.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai-Lee Yatziv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Yudco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kristina Vaso
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Mizrahi
- Department of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marshall Devor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Center for Research on Pain, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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37
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Zhang D, Liu J, Zhu T, Zhou C. Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:55-71. [PMID: 34503426 PMCID: PMC9199548 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210909150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041. China
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38
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Liu Y, Chen B, Cai Y, Han Y, Xia Y, Li N, Fan B, Yuan T, Jiang J, Gao PO, Yu W, Jiao Y, Li W. Activation of anterior thalamic reticular nucleus GABAergic neurons promotes arousal from propofol anesthesia in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:883-892. [PMID: 33929026 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is widely used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia, which causes a rapid loss of consciousness. However, the mechanisms underlying the hypnosis effect of propofol are still not fully understood. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is crucial for regulating wakefulness, sleep rhythm generation, and sleep stability, while the role of TRN in the process of propofol-induced anesthesia is still unknown. Here, we investigated the function of the anterior TRN in propofol general anesthesia. Our results demonstrated that the neural activity of anterior TRN is suppressed during propofol anesthesia, whereas it is robustly activated from anesthesia by recording the calcium signals using fiber photometry technology. The results showed that the activation of anterior TRN neurons by chemogenetic and optogenetic methods shortens the emergency time without changing the induction time. Conversely, chemogenetic or optogenetic inhibition of the TRN neurons leads to a delay in the recovery time. Our study showed that anterior TRN is crucial for behavioral arousal without affecting the induction time of propofol anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yirong Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nanqi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bingqian Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tianjie Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junli Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - P o Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yingfu Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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39
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Moody OA, Zhang ER, Vincent KF, Kato R, Melonakos ED, Nehs CJ, Solt K. The Neural Circuits Underlying General Anesthesia and Sleep. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:1254-1264. [PMID: 33857967 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
General anesthesia is characterized by loss of consciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility. Important molecular targets of general anesthetics have been identified, but the neural circuits underlying the discrete end points of general anesthesia remain incompletely understood. General anesthesia and natural sleep share the common feature of reversible unconsciousness, and recent developments in neuroscience have enabled elegant studies that investigate the brain nuclei and neural circuits underlying this important end point. A common approach to measure cortical activity across the brain is electroencephalogram (EEG), which can reflect local neuronal activity as well as connectivity among brain regions. The EEG oscillations observed during general anesthesia depend greatly on the anesthetic agent as well as dosing, and only some resemble those observed during sleep. For example, the EEG oscillations during dexmedetomidine sedation are similar to those of stage 2 nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but high doses of propofol and ether anesthetics produce burst suppression, a pattern that is never observed during natural sleep. Sleep is primarily driven by withdrawal of subcortical excitation to the cortex, but anesthetics can directly act at both subcortical and cortical targets. While some anesthetics appear to activate specific sleep-active regions to induce unconsciousness, not all sleep-active regions play a significant role in anesthesia. Anesthetics also inhibit cortical neurons, and it is likely that each class of anesthetic drugs produces a distinct combination of subcortical and cortical effects that lead to unconsciousness. Conversely, arousal circuits that promote wakefulness are involved in anesthetic emergence and activating them can induce emergence and accelerate recovery of consciousness. Modern neuroscience techniques that enable the manipulation of specific neural circuits have led to new insights into the neural circuitry underlying general anesthesia and sleep. In the coming years, we will continue to better understand the mechanisms that generate these distinct states of reversible unconsciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Moody
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edlyn R Zhang
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen F Vincent
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Risako Kato
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric D Melonakos
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christa J Nehs
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ken Solt
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Zhao S, Li R, Li H, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang D, Guo J, Li H, Li A, Tong T, Zhong H, Yang Q, Dong H. Lateral Hypothalamic Area Glutamatergic Neurons and Their Projections to the Lateral Habenula Modulate the Anesthetic Potency of Isoflurane in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:934-946. [PMID: 33847915 PMCID: PMC8275739 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) plays a pivotal role in regulating consciousness transition, in which orexinergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons are involved. Glutamatergic neurons have a large population in the LHA, but their anesthesia-related effect has not been explored. Here, we found that genetic ablation of LHA glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time of isoflurane anesthesia in mice. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons increased the time to anesthesia and decreased the time to recovery. Optogenetic activation of LHA glutamatergic neurons during the maintenance of anesthesia reduced the burst suppression pattern of the electroencephalogram (EEG) and shifted EEG features to an arousal pattern. Photostimulation of LHA glutamatergic projections to the lateral habenula (LHb) also facilitated the emergence from anesthesia and the transition of anesthesia depth to a lighter level. Collectively, LHA glutamatergic neurons and their projections to the LHb regulate anesthetic potency and EEG features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Haixing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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41
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Vlasov K, Pei J, Nehs CJ, Guidera JA, Zhang ER, Kenny JD, Houle TT, Brenner GJ, Taylor NE, Solt K. Activation of GABAergic Neurons in the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus and Other Brainstem Regions Promotes Sedation and Facilitates Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:e50-e55. [PMID: 33560660 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many general anesthetics potentiate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptors but their neuroanatomic sites of action are less clear. GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) send inhibitory projections to multiple arousal-promoting nuclei, but the role of these neurons in modulating consciousness is unknown. In this study, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were targeted to RMTg GABAergic neurons of Vgat-ires-Cre mice. DREADDs expression was found in the RMTg and other brainstem regions. Activation of these neurons decreased movement and exploratory behavior, impaired motor coordination, induced electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations resembling nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without loss of righting and reduced the dose requirement for sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness. These results suggest that GABAergic neurons in the RMTg and other brainstem regions promote sedation and facilitate sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Vlasov
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - JunZhu Pei
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christa J Nehs
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Guidera
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edlyn R Zhang
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D Kenny
- Department of Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Timothy T Houle
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary J Brenner
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norman E Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ken Solt
- From the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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42
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Liu C, Liu J, Zhou L, He H, Zhang Y, Cai S, Yuan C, Luo T, Zheng J, Yu T, Zhang M. Lateral Habenula Glutamatergic Neurons Modulate Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:628996. [PMID: 33746711 PMCID: PMC7969819 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.628996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction in the 1840s, one of the largest mysteries of modern anesthesia are how general anesthetics create the state of reversible loss of consciousness. Increasing researchers have shown that neural pathways that regulate endogenous sleep–wake systems are also involved in general anesthesia. Recently, the Lateral Habenula (LHb) was considered as a hot spot for both natural sleep–wake and propofol-induced sedation; however, the role of the LHb and related pathways in the isoflurane-induced unconsciousness has yet to be identified. Here, using real-time calcium fiber photometry recordings in vivo, we found that isoflurane reversibly increased the activity of LHb glutamatergic neurons. Then, we selectively ablated LHb glutamatergic neurons in Vglut2-cre mice, which caused a longer induction time and less recovery time along with a decrease in delta-band power in mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, using a chemogenetic approach to specifically activate LHb glutamatergic neurons shortened the induction time and prolonged the recovery time in mice under isoflurane anesthesia with an increase in delta-band power. In contrast, chemogenetic inhibition of LHb glutamatergic neurons was very similar to the effects of selective lesions of LHb glutamatergic neurons. Finally, optogenetic activation of LHb glutamatergic neurons or the synaptic terminals of LHb glutamatergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) produced a hypnosis-promoting effect in isoflurane anesthesia with an increase in slow wave activity. Our results suggest that LHb glutamatergic neurons and pathway are vital in modulating isoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junxiao Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haifeng He
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengdong Yuan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tianyuan Luo
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mazhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Wu J, Liu D, Li J, Sun J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Gao S, Mei W. Central Neural Circuits Orchestrating Thermogenesis, Sleep-Wakefulness States and General Anesthesia States. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:223-253. [PMID: 33632102 PMCID: PMC9199556 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210225152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in specifically identifying the central neural circuits (CNCs) of the core body temperature (Tcore), sleep-wakefulness states (SWs), and general anesthesia states (GAs), mainly utilizing optogenetic or chemogenetic manipulations. We summarize the neuronal populations and neural pathways of these three CNCs, which gives evidence for the orchestration within these three CNCs, and the integrative regulation of these three CNCs by different environmental light signals. We also outline some transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function in the CNCs-Tcore and are modulated by some general anesthetics, which makes TRP channels possible targets for addressing the general-anesthetics-induced-hypothermia (GAIH). We suggest this review will provide new orientations for further consummating these CNCs and elucidating the central mechanisms of GAIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Daiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Shaojie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1095, Wuhan 430030. China
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44
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Abstract
General anesthesia serves a critically important function in the clinical care of human patients. However, the anesthetized state has foundational implications for biology because anesthetic drugs are effective in organisms ranging from paramecia, to plants, to primates. Although unconsciousness is typically considered the cardinal feature of general anesthesia, this endpoint is only strictly applicable to a select subset of organisms that are susceptible to being anesthetized. We review the behavioral endpoints of general anesthetics across species and propose the isolation of an organism from its environment - both in terms of the afferent arm of sensation and the efferent arm of action - as a generalizable definition. We also consider the various targets and putative mechanisms of general anesthetics across biology and identify key substrates that are conserved, including cytoskeletal elements, ion channels, mitochondria, and functionally coupled electrical or neural activity. We conclude with a unifying framework related to network function and suggest that general anesthetics - from single cells to complex brains - create inefficiency and enhance modularity, leading to the dissociation of functions both within an organism and between the organism and its surroundings. Collectively, we demonstrate that general anesthesia is not restricted to the domain of modern medicine but has broad biological relevance with wide-ranging implications for a diverse array of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max B Kelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 334 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratories, 125 S. 31st St., Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Science Building 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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45
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Yatziv SL, Yudco O, Dickmann S, Devor M. Patterns of neural activity in the mouse brain: Wakefulness vs. General anesthesia. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135212. [PMID: 32593772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In light of the general shift from rats to mice as the leading rodent model in neuroscience research we used c-Fos expression as a tool to survey brain regions in the mouse in which neural activity differs between the states of wakefulness and pentobarbital-induced general anesthesia. The aim was to complement prior surveys carried out in rats. In addition to a broad qualitative review, 28 specific regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated quantitatively. Nearly all ROIs in the cerebral cortex showed suppressed activity during anesthesia. Subcortically, however, some ROIs showed suppression, some showed little change, and some showed increased activity. The overall picture was similar to the rat. Special attention was devoted to ROIs significantly activated during anesthesia, as such loci might actively drive the transition to anesthetic unconsciousness rather than responding passively to inhbitory agents distributed globally (the "wet blanket" hypothesis). Twelve such "anesthesia-on" ROIs were identified: the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, tuberomamillary nucleus, lateral habenular nucleus, dentate gyrus, nucleus raphe pallidus, central amygdaloid nucleus, perifornical lateral hypothalamus, ventro-lateral preoptic area, lateral septum, paraventricular thalamic nucleus and zona incerta. The same primary anti-FOS antibody was used in all mice, but two alternative reporter systems were employed: ABC-diaminobenzidine and the currently more popular AlexaFluor488. Fluorescence tagging revealed far fewer FOS-immunoreactive neurons, sounding an alert that the reporter system chosen can have major effects on results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai-Lee Yatziv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Or Yudco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Shay Dickmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Marshall Devor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; Center for Research on Pain, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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Hu H, Cui Y, Yang Y. Circuits and functions of the lateral habenula in health and in disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:277-295. [PMID: 32269316 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb) owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated behaviour and its implication in major depression. The LHb, sometimes referred to as the brain's 'antireward centre', receives inputs from diverse limbic forebrain and basal ganglia structures, and targets essentially all midbrain neuromodulatory systems, including the noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Its unique anatomical position enables the LHb to act as a hub that integrates value-based, sensory and experience-dependent information to regulate various motivational, cognitive and motor processes. Dysfunction of the LHb may contribute to the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, especially major depression. Recently, exciting progress has been made in identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the LHb that underlie negative emotional state in animal models of drug withdrawal and major depression. A future challenge is to translate these advances into effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China. .,Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yihui Cui
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Simmons SJ, Gentile TA. Cocaine abuse and midbrain circuits: Functional anatomy of hypocretin/orexin transmission and therapeutic prospect. Brain Res 2020; 1731:146164. [PMID: 30796894 PMCID: PMC6702109 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse remains a pervasive public health problem, and treatments thus far have proven ineffective for long-term abstinence maintenance. Intensive research on the neurobiology underlying drug abuse has led to the consideration of many candidate transmitter systems to target for intervention. Among these, the hypocretin/orexin (hcrt/ox) neuropeptide system holds largely untapped yet clinically viable therapeutic potential. Hcrt/ox originates from the hypothalamus and projects widely across the mammalian central nervous system to produce neuroexcitatory actions via two excitatory G-protein coupled receptor subtypes. Functionally, hcrt/ox promotes arousal/wakefulness and facilitates energy homeostasis. In the early 2000s, hcrt/ox transmission was shown to underlie mating behavior in male rats suggesting a novel role in reward-seeking. Soon thereafter, hcrt/ox neurons were shown to respond to drug-associated stimuli, and hcrt/ox transmission was found to facilitate motivated responding for intravenous cocaine. Notably, blocking hcrt/ox transmission using systemic or site-directed pharmacological antagonists markedly reduced motivated drug-taking as well as drug-seeking in tests of relapse. This review will unfold the current state of knowledge implicating hcrt/ox receptor transmission in the context of cocaine abuse and provide detailed background on animal models and underlying midbrain circuits. Specifically, attention will be paid to the mesoaccumbens, tegmental, habenular, pallidal and preoptic circuits. The review will conclude with discussion of recent preclinical studies assessing utility of suvorexant - the first and only FDA-approved hcrt/ox receptor antagonist - against cocaine-associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Simmons
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Taylor A Gentile
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Reduced Sensitivity to Anesthetic Agents upon Lesioning the Mesopontine Tegmental Anesthesia Area in Rats Depends on Anesthetic Type. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:535-550. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The brainstem mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area is a key node in circuitry responsible for anesthetic induction and maintenance. Microinjecting the γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) anesthetic pentobarbital in this nucleus rapidly and reversibly induces general anesthesia, whereas lesioning it renders the animal relatively insensitive to pentobarbital administered systemically. This study investigated whether effects of lesioning the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area generalize to other anesthetic agents.
Methods
Cell-selective lesions were made using ibotenic acid, and rats were later tested for changes in the dose–response relation to etomidate, propofol, alfaxalone/alfadolone, ketamine, and medetomidine delivered intravenously using a programmable infusion pump. Anesthetic induction for each agent was tracked using five behavioral endpoints: loss of righting reflex, criterion for anesthesia (score of 11 or higher), criterion for surgical anesthesia (score of 14 or higher), antinociception (loss of pinch response), and deep surgical anesthesia (score of 16).
Results
As reported previously for pentobarbital, on-target mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area lesions reduced sensitivity to the GABAergic anesthetics etomidate and propofol. The dose to achieve a score of 16 increased to 147 ± 50% of baseline in control animals ± SD (P = 0.0007; 7 lesioned rats and 18 controls) and 136 ± 58% of baseline (P = 0.010; 6 lesioned rats and 21 controls), respectively. In contrast, responsiveness to the neurosteroids alfaxalone and alfadolone remained unchanged compared with baseline (94 ± 24%; P = 0.519; 6 lesioned rats and 18 controls) and with ketamine increased slightly (90 ± 11%; P = 0.039; 6 lesioned rats and 19 controls). The non-GABAergic anesthetic medetomidine did not induce criterion anesthesia even at the maximal dose tested. The dose to reach the maximal anesthesia score actually obtained was unaffected by the lesion (112 ± 8%; P = 0.063; 5 lesioned rats and 18 controls).
Conclusions
Inability to induce anesthesia in lesioned animals using normally effective doses of etomidate, propofol, and pentobarbital suggests that the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area is the effective target of these, but not necessarily all, GABAergic anesthetics upon systemic administration. Cortical and spinal functions are likely suppressed by recruitment of dedicated ascending and descending pathways rather than by direct, distributed drug action.
Editor’s Perspective
What We Already Know about This Topic
What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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Activation of Preoptic GABAergic or Glutamatergic Neurons Modulates Sleep-Wake Architecture, but Not Anesthetic State Transitions. Curr Biol 2020; 30:779-787.e4. [PMID: 32084397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanism of general anesthesia remains unclear. In the last two decades, there has been considerable focus on the hypothesis that anesthetics co-opt the neural mechanisms regulating sleep. This hypothesis is supported by ample correlative evidence at the level of sleep-promoting nuclei, but causal investigations of potent inhaled anesthetics have not been conducted. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chemogenetic activation of discrete neuronal subpopulations within the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus would modulate sleep/wake states and alter the time to loss and resumption of consciousness associated with isoflurane, a potent halogenated ether in common clinical use. We show that activating MnPO/VLPO GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons does not alter anesthetic induction or recovery time. However, activation of these neuronal subpopulations did alter sleep-wake architecture. Notably, we report the novel finding that stimulation of VLPO glutamatergic neurons causes a strong increase in wakefulness. We conclude that activation of preoptic GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons that increase sleep or wakefulness does not substantively influence anesthetic state transitions. These data indicate that the correlative evidence for a mechanistic overlap of sleep and anesthesia at the level of an individual nucleus might not necessarily have strong causal significance.
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Ely BA, Stern ER, Kim JW, Gabbay V, Xu J. Detailed mapping of human habenula resting-state functional connectivity. Neuroimage 2019; 200:621-634. [PMID: 31252057 PMCID: PMC7089853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The habenula (Hb) inhibits dopaminergic reward signaling in response to negative outcomes and has been linked to numerous functional domains relevant to mental health, including reward prediction, motivation, and aversion processing. Despite its important neuroscientific and clinical implications, however, the human Hb remains poorly understood due to its small size and the associated technical hurdles to in vivo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation. Using high-resolution 3 T fMRI data from 68 healthy young adults acquired through the Human Connectome Project, we developed a rigorous approach for mapping the whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity of the human Hb. Our study combined an optimized strategy for defining subject-level connectivity seeds to maximize Hb blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal sensitivity with high-quality surface-based alignment for robust functional localization and cortical sensitivity. We identified significant positive Hb connectivity with: (i) conserved brainstem targets, including the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area, serotonergic raphe nuclei, and periaqueductal gray; (ii) subcortical structures related to reward and motor function, including the nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, pallidum, thalamus, and cerebellum; and (iii) cortical areas associated with the Salience Network and early sensory processing, including the dorsal anterior cingulate, anterior insula, and primary visual and auditory cortices. Hb connectivity was strongly biased towards task-positive brain regions, with weak or negative connectivity observed throughout the task-negative Default Mode Network. Our study provides a detailed characterization of Hb resting-state functional connectivity in healthy young adults, demonstrating both the feasibility and clinical potential of studying the human Hb using high-resolution 3 T fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junqian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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