1
|
Zhao Y, Liu Y, Jia L. Gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation: Impact on periodontal health. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38991951 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is widely acknowledged as the most prevalent type of oral inflammation, arising from the dynamic interplay between oral pathogens and the host's immune responses. It is also recognized as a contributing factor to various systemic diseases. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can significantly alter the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Researchers have delved into the links between periodontitis and systemic diseases through the "oral-gut" axis. However, whether the associations between periodontitis and the gut microbiota are simply correlative or driven by causative mechanistic interactions remains uncertain. This review investigates how dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impacts periodontitis, drawing on existing preclinical and clinical data. This study highlights potential mechanisms of this interaction, including alterations in subgingival microbiota, oral mucosal barrier function, neutrophil activity, and abnormal T-cell recycling, and offers new perspectives for managing periodontitis, especially in cases linked to systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdulqadir R, Al-Sadi R, Haque M, Gupta Y, Rawat M, Ma TY. Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain BB1 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Increase in Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability via Toll-Like Receptor-2/Toll-Like Receptor-6 Receptor Complex-Dependent Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Suppression of NF-κB p65. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00211-6. [PMID: 38885924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum strain BB1 causes a strain-specific enhancement in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induces an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability and promotes intestinal inflammation. The major purpose of this study was to delineate the protective effect of BB1 against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability and to unravel the intracellular mechanisms involved. Previously reported, TNF-α produces an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability in Caco-2 monolayers and in mice. The addition of BB1 inhibited the TNF-α increase in Caco-2 intestinal TJ permeability and mouse intestinal permeability in a strain-specific manner. BB1 inhibited the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability by interfering the with TNF-α-induced enterocyte NF-κB p50/p65 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) gene activation. The BB1 protective effect against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal permeability was mediated by toll-like receptor-2/toll-like receptor-6 heterodimer complex activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and PPAR-γ pathway inhibition of TNF-α-induced IKK-α activation, which, in turn, resulted in a step-wise inhibition of NF-κB p50/p65, MLCK gene, MLCK kinase activity, and MLCK-induced opening of the TJ barrier. In conclusion, these studies unravel novel intracellular mechanisms of BB1 protection against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability. Our data show that BB1 protects against the TNF-α-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability via a PPAR-γ-dependent inhibition of NF-κB p50/p65 and MLCK gene activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raz Abdulqadir
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad Haque
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Yash Gupta
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Xue X, Zhao X, Luo L, Liu J, Dai S, Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Peng C, Li Y. Forsythiaside A alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in lung and colon through PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex. J Adv Res 2024; 60:183-200. [PMID: 37579917 PMCID: PMC11156707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lung disease characterized by inflammation and still requires further drug development. Forsythiaside A as the active compound of Forsythiae Fructus has the therapeutic potential for ALI. OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of forsythiaside A in treating ALI through PPAR-γ and its conjugate RXR-α based on gut-lung axis. METHODS This study constructed in vitro and in vivo injury models using LPS and TNF-α. Forsythiaside A was used for the drug treatment, and RXR-α inhibitor UVI3003 was used to interfere with PPAR-γ/RXR-α complexes in the cells. HE staining was used for histopathological examination. Serum endotoxin contents were determined using limulus lysate kit. IHC staining and Western blot were conducted to assess the protein expressions. ELISA was applied to examine the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cell supernatants. The protein interactions were analyzed via CO-IP. RESULTS In vivo results showed that forsythiaside A regulated PPAR-γ/RXR-α and inhibited TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and MLCK/MLC2 signal pathways, thus inhibiting inflammation and epithelial barrier damages of lung and colon in ALI mice induced by intratracheal LPS. PPAR-γ/RXR-α were promoted by forsythiaside A in lungs, whereas inhibited by forsythiaside A in colons. Additionally, in vitro results showed that forsythiaside A suppressed inflammation and epithelial barrier damages in macrophages and lung/colon epithelial cells, by manipulating PPAR-γ/RXR-α to suppress the LPS- and TNF-α-induced activation of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and NF-κB/MLCK/MLC2 signal pathways. Moreover, further mechanism study indicated that forsythiaside A showed a cell-specific regulatory effect on PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex. Specifically, the PPAR-γ/RXR-α protein interactions were promoted by forsythiaside A in LPS-induced macrophages RAW264.7 and TNF-α-induced lung epithelial cells A549, but inhibited by forsythiaside A in TNF-α-induced colon epithelial cells SW620. CONCLUSION In the treatment of ALI, Forsythiaside A inhibited inflammation and epithelial barrier damages of lung and colon through its regulation on PPAR-γ/RXR-α complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amormino C, Russo E, Tedeschi V, Fiorillo MT, Paiardini A, Spallotta F, Rosanò L, Tuosto L, Kunkl M. Targeting staphylococcal enterotoxin B binding to CD28 as a new strategy for dampening superantigen-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunctions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365074. [PMID: 38510259 PMCID: PMC10951378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that may cause intestinal inflammation by secreting enterotoxins, which commonly cause food-poisoning and gastrointestinal injuries. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) acts as a superantigen (SAg) by binding in a bivalent manner the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the costimulatory receptor CD28, thus stimulating T cells to produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines, which may affect intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and functions. However, the role of T cell-mediated SEB inflammatory activity remains unknown. Here we show that inflammatory cytokines produced by T cells following SEB stimulation induce dysfunctions in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells by promoting actin cytoskeleton remodelling and epithelial cell-cell junction down-regulation. We also found that SEB-activated inflammatory T cells promote the up-regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors (EMT-TFs) in a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)- and STAT3-dependent manner. Finally, by using a structure-based design approach, we identified a SEB mimetic peptide (pSEB116-132) that, by blocking the binding of SEB to CD28, dampens inflammatory-mediated dysregulation of intestinal epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Amormino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Russo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Instituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Kunkl
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He Y, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Chi S, Tan B. Glutamine improves growth and intestinal health in juvenile hybrid groupers fed high-dose glycinin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109003. [PMID: 37604266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine addition can improve immunity and intestinal development in fish. This study examined the protective roles of glutamine on growth suppression and enteritis induced by glycinin in juvenile hybrid groupers (female Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × male Epinephelus lanceolatus). The experiment set four isonitrogenous and isolipidic trial diets: a diet containing 10% glycinin (11S), 10% of 11S diet supplemented with 1% or 2% alanine-glutamine (1% or 2% Ala-Gln), and a diet containing neither 11S nor Ala-Gln (FM). A feeding trial was conducted in hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rates in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln were significantly higher than those of the 11S group but were similar to those of the FM group. The intestinal muscular layer thickness, plica height and width of the 2% Ala-Gln group were significantly higher than those of Group 11S. The enterocyte proliferation efficiency of the 11S group was significantly lower compared to other groups. Compared with the 11S group, Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln fish had increased intestinal lysozyme activities, complement 3 and immunoglobulin M as well as cathelicidin contents. The mRNA levels of tnf-α, il-1β, ifn-α, and hsp70 genes were more downregulated in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln than in Group 11S. Compared with FM group, fish from the 11S group had significantly lower mRNA levels of myd88, ikkβ, and nf-κb p65 genes. These three values in the 2% Ala-Gln group were significantly lower than those in Group 11S but not significantly different from those of Group FM. The relative abundance of Vibrio in Group 11S was higher than that in Groups FM and 2% Ala-Gln. Intestinal glutamine, glutaminase, glutamic acid, α-ketoglutarate, malate dehydrogenase and ATP contents were higher in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln than in Group 11S. These results suggest that glutamine is a useful feed additive to enhance growth and intestinal immunity, alleviate inflammation, and modulate gut microbiota in hybrid grouper fed high-dose glycinin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meyer F, Wendling D, Demougeot C, Prati C, Verhoeven F. Cytokines and intestinal epithelial permeability: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103331. [PMID: 37030338 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosa is composed of a well-organized epithelium, acting as a physical barrier to harmful luminal contents, while simultaneously ensuring absorption of physiological nutrients and solutes. Increased intestinal permeability has been described in various chronic diseases, leading to abnormal activation of subepithelial immune cells and overproduction of inflammatory mediators. This review aimed to summarize and evaluate the effects of cytokines on intestinal permeability. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed in the Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases, up to 01/04/2022, to identify published studies assessing the direct effect of cytokines on intestinal permeability. We collected data on the study design, the method of assessment of intestinal permeability, the type of intervention and the subsequent effect on gut permeability. RESULTS A total of 120 publications were included, describing a total of 89 in vitro and 44 in vivo studies. TNFα, IFNγ or IL-1β were the most frequently studied cytokines, inducing an increase in intestinal permeability through a myosin light-chain-mediated mechanism. In situations associated with intestinal barrier disruption, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, in vivo studies showed that anti-TNFα treatment decreased intestinal permeability while achieving clinical recovery. In contrast to TNFα, IL-10 decreased permeability in conditions associated with intestinal hyperpermeability. For some cytokines (e.g. IL-17, IL-23), results are conflicting, with both an increase and a decrease in gut permeability reported, depending on the study model, methodology, or the studied conditions (e.g. burn injury, colitis, ischemia, sepsis). CONCLUSION This systematic review provides evidence that intestinal permeability can be directly influenced by cytokines in numerous conditions. The immune environment probably plays an important role, given the variability of their effect, according to different conditions. A better understanding of these mechanisms could open new therapeutic perspectives for disorders associated with gut barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Meyer
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 4266, EPILAB, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Frank Verhoeven
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Xu W, Xu L, Li G, Aobulikasimu N, Gao J, Hu Y, Guan P, Mu Y, Huang X, Han L. Discovery, Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationship, and Evaluation of Oleanane-Type Saponins from Pulsatilla chinensis for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3635-3647. [PMID: 36843292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
To discover ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment agents, 28 oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (1-28) including three new saponins, pulsatillosides P-R (1-3), were isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis. The isolated saponins could observably ameliorate UC by improving the intestinal epithelial cell barrier and intestinal flora in vivo. The structure-activity relationship indicated that the oligosaccharide chain at C-28 was essential for their anti-UC activities; the methyl group at the C-23 site of triterpene saponins showed important effects on anti-UC efficacy; the chain length of oligosaccharides at position C-28 had little effect on their anti-UC activities. In vivo investigation of representative saponins 1 and 13 further confirmed that 23-methyl-3,28-bisdesmosidic oleanane-type saponins inhibited the TNFα-NFκB-MLCK axis to improve the intestinal epithelial cell barrier of the colon in UC mice. These findings revealed the potential of 23-methyl-3,28-bisdesmosidic oleanane-type saponins from P. chinensis as promising candidates for the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Guiding Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Nuerbiye Aobulikasimu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Selective Role of TNFα and IL10 in Regulation of Barrier Properties of the Colon in DMH-Induced Tumor and Healthy Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415610. [PMID: 36555251 PMCID: PMC9779473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently it has been reported that the tumor adjacent colon tissues of 1,2-dymethylhydrazine induced (DMH)-rats revealed a high paracellular permeability. We hypothesized that the changes might be induced by cytokines. Colorectal cancer is accompanied by an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 10 (IL10) that exert opposite regulatory effects on barrier properties of the colon, which is characterized by morphological and functional segmental heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of TNFα and IL10 in the colon segments of DMH-rats and to investigate their effects on barrier properties of the proximal and distal parts of the colon in healthy rats. Enzyme immunoassay analysis showed decreased TNFα in tumors in the distal part of the colon and increased IL10 in proximal tumors and in non-tumor tissues. Four-hour intraluminal exposure of the colon of healthy rats with cytokines showed reduced colon barrier function dependent on the cytokine: TNFα decreased it mainly in the distal part of the colon, whereas IL10 decreased it only in the proximal part. Western blot analysis revealed a more pronounced influence of IL10 on tight junction (TJ) proteins expression by down-regulation of the TJ proteins claudin-1, -2 and -4, and up-regulation of occludin only in the proximal part of the colon. These data may indicate a selective role of the cytokines in regulation of the barrier properties of the colon and a prominent role of IL10 in carcinogenesis in its proximal part.
Collapse
|
9
|
Schnur S, Wahl V, Metz JK, Gillmann J, Hans F, Rotermund K, Zäh RK, Brück DA, Schneider M, Hittinger M. Inflammatory bowel disease addressed by Caco-2 and monocyte-derived macrophages: an opportunity for an in vitro drug screening assay. IN VITRO MODELS 2022; 1:365-383. [PMID: 37520160 PMCID: PMC9630817 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread disease, affecting a growing demographic. The treatment of chronic inflammation located in the GI-tract is dependent on the severity; therefore, the IBD treatment pyramid is commonly applied. Animal experimentation plays a key role for novel IBD drug development; nevertheless, it is ethically questionable and limited in its throughput. Reliable and valid in vitro assays offer the opportunity to overcome these limitations. We combined Caco-2 with monocyte-derived macrophages and exposed them to known drugs, targeting an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) with a focus on the severity level and its related drug candidate. This co-culture assay addresses namely the intestinal barrier and the immune response in IBD. The drug efficacy was analyzed by an LPS-inflammation of the co-culture and drug exposure according to the IBD treatment pyramid. Efficacy was defined as the range between LPS control (0%) and untreated co-culture (100%) independent of the investigated read-out (TEER, Papp, cytokine release: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α). The release of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α was identified as an appropriate readout for a fast drug screening ("yes-no response"). TEER showed a remarkable IVIVC correlation to the human treatment pyramid (5-ASA, Prednisolone, 6-mercaptopurine, and infliximab) with an R2 of 0.68. Similar to the description of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, we advocate establishing an "Efficacy Outcome Pathways (EOPs)" framework for drug efficacy assays. The in vitro assay offers an easy and scalable method for IBD drug screening with a focus on human data, which requires further validation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44164-022-00035-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schnur
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia K. Metz
- PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Hans
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Ralf-Kilian Zäh
- Department of Automation, Microcontroller, Signals; School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, htw saar, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dietmar A. Brück
- Department of Automation, Microcontroller, Signals; School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, htw saar, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marius Hittinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- PharmBioTec Research and Development GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
- 3RProducts Marius Hittinger, Blieskastel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Combined Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Tryptophan Treatment Modulates Immune and Metabolome Responses to Human Rotavirus Infection in a Human Infant Fecal Microbiota-Transplanted Malnourished Gnotobiotic Pig Model. mSphere 2022; 7:e0027022. [PMID: 36073800 PMCID: PMC9599269 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00270-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries where widespread malnutrition contributes to the decreased oral vaccine efficacy and increased prevalence of other enteric infections, which are major concerns for global health. Neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets closely resemble human infants in their anatomy, physiology, and outbred status, providing a unique model to investigate malnutrition, supplementations, and HRV infection. To understand the molecular signatures associated with immune enhancement and reduced diarrheal severity by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and tryptophan (TRP), immunological responses and global nontargeted metabolomics and lipidomics approaches were investigated on the plasma and fecal contents of malnourished pigs transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota and infected with virulent (Vir) HRV. Overall, EcN + TRP combined (rather than individual supplement action) promoted greater and balanced immunoregulatory/immunostimulatory responses associated with greater protection against HRV infection and disease in malnourished humanized piglets. Moreover, EcN + TRP treatment upregulated the production of several metabolites with immunoregulatory/immunostimulatory properties: amino acids (N-acetylserotonin, methylacetoacetyl-CoA), lipids (gamma-butyrobetaine, eicosanoids, cholesterol-sulfate, sphinganine/phytosphingosine, leukotriene), organic compound (biliverdin), benzenoids (gentisic acid, aminobenzoic acid), and nucleotides (hypoxathine/inosine/xanthine, cytidine-5'-monophosphate). Additionally, the levels of several proinflammatory metabolites of organic compounds (adenosylhomocysteine, phenylacetylglycine, urobilinogen/coproporphyrinogen) and amino acid (phenylalanine) were reduced following EcN + TRP treatment. These results suggest that the EcN + TRP effects on reducing HRV diarrhea in neonatal Gn pigs were at least in part due to altered metabolites, those involved in lipid, amino acid, benzenoids, organic compounds, and nucleotide metabolism. Identification of these important mechanisms of EcN/TRP prevention of HRV diarrhea provides novel targets for therapeutics development. IMPORTANCE Human rotavirus (HRV) is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, especially in developing countries, where the efficacy of oral HRV vaccines is reduced. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is used to treat enteric infections and ulcerative colitis while tryptophan (TRP) is a biomarker of malnutrition, and its supplementation can alleviate intestinal inflammation and normalize intestinal microbiota in malnourished hosts. Supplementation of EcN + TRP to malnourished humanized gnotobiotic piglets enhanced immune responses and resulted in greater protection against HRV infection and diarrhea. Moreover, EcN + TRP supplementation increased the levels of immunoregulatory/immunostimulatory metabolites while decreasing the production of proinflammatory metabolites in plasma and fecal samples. Profiling of immunoregulatory and proinflammatory biomarkers associated with HRV perturbations will aid in the identification of treatments against HRV and other enteric diseases in malnourished children.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu WD, Li R, Huang AF. Role of TL1A in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891328. [PMID: 35911746 PMCID: PMC9329929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TL1A, also called TNFSF15, is a member of tumor necrosis factor family. It is expressed in different immune cell, such as monocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell, T cell and non-immune cell, for example, synovial fibroblast, endothelial cell. TL1A competitively binds to death receptor 3 or decoy receptor 3, providing stimulatory signal for downstream signaling pathways, and then regulates proliferation, activation, apoptosis of and cytokine, chemokine production in effector cells. Recent findings showed that TL1A was abnormally expressed in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, primary biliary cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ankylosing spondylitis. In vivo and in vitro studies further demonstrated that TL1A was involved in development and pathogenesis of these diseases. In this study, we comprehensively discussed the complex immunological function of TL1A and focused on recent findings of the pleiotropic activity conducted by TL1A in inflammatory autoimmune disease. Finish of the study will provide new ideas for developing therapeutic strategies for these diseases by targeting TL1A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: An-Fang Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashour L. Roles of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway, cytokine release, and alteration of tight junctions in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2090792. [PMID: 35726726 PMCID: PMC10161962 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2090792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper shows how SARS-CoV-2 alters tight junctions (TJs) in human organs. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and immune cells culminates in the release of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to the presence of certain symptoms in COVID-19, such as acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the cytokines released alter different TJs components. The study shows how the irregular release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to claudin disruption in various tissues of the body, resulting in different symptoms, such as alveolar fibrosis, pulmonary edema, conjunctivitis, altered fertility in males, gastrointestinal symptoms, Covid toes, and others. SARS-CoV-2 also alters occludin expression in the endothelial and blood-testis barriers (BTB) resulting in edema and altered fertility. Viral disruption of JAM-A leads to activation of the RhoA GTPase, which leads to ALI. Taken together, these results define ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway receptors and tight junctional components as potential therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith Ashour
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Teng G, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wu T, Dai Y, Wang H, Wang W. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Expressing Elafin Protects Against Inflammation and Restores the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:819336. [PMID: 35602072 PMCID: PMC9121173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction have been implicated as pathological factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An emerging area of IBD research focuses on probiotics. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is an excellent choice for engineering therapeutic microbes. Elafin is an endogenous specific inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase 3, and we previously found Elafin can effectively suppress the development of colitis. Here, we genetically engineered EcN to deliver Elafin (EcN-Elafin) directly to the colonic mucosa and explored the protective effects of EcN-Elafin against colitis in mice. EcN-Elafin significantly alleviated dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis. Compared with wild-type EcN, oral administration of EcN-Elafin displayed better effects on loss of weight, colon length shortening, elevated expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine in colonic tissues. In addition, EcN-Elafin restored the expression and distribution of tight junction protein ZO-1 in colonic tissues back to normal. In a damaged colonic epithelial model utilizing Caco-2 cells stimulated with TNF-α, EcN-Elafin efficiently downregulated the activation level of NF-κB signaling. EcN-Elafin was also found to have restored the dysbiosis in gut caused by DSS administration. Moreover, EcN-Elafin significantly enhanced the concentrations of butyrate and valerate in the gut lumen. Thus, our findings demonstrated that EcN-Elafin enhanced the colonic epithelial barrier, promoted the resolution of inflammation, modulated the gut microbiota, and elevated concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut. EcN-Elafin may be a potential therapeutic method for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guigen Teng
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Liu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huahong Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhuang S, Ming K, Ma N, Sun J, Wang D, Ding M, Ding Y. Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and barrier dysfunction in porcine intestinal epithelial monolayers. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
15
|
Tea Polyphenols Prevent and Intervene in COVID-19 through Intestinal Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040506. [PMID: 35205982 PMCID: PMC8871045 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although all countries have taken corresponding measures, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still ravaging the world. To consolidate the existing anti-epidemic results and further strengthen the prevention and control measures against the new coronavirus, we are now actively pioneering a novel research idea of regulating the intestinal microbiota through tea polyphenols for reference. Although studies have long revealed the regulatory effect of tea polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota to various gastrointestinal inflammations, little is known about the prevention and intervention of COVID-19. This review summarizes the possible mechanism of the influence of tea polyphenols on COVID-19 mediated by the intestinal microbiota. In this review, the latest studies of tea polyphenols exhibiting their own antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and protective effects on the intestinal mucosal barrier are combed through and summarized. Among them, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), one of the main monomers of catechins, may be activated as nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The agent inhibits the expression of ACE2 (a cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2) and TMPRSS2 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, inhibiting the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, preliminary reasoning and judgments have been made about the possible mechanism of the effect of tea polyphenols on the COVID-19 control and prevention mediated by the microbiota. These results may be of great significance to the future exploration of specialized research in this field.
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo Y, Yao F, Hu X, Li Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhu Z, Yu S, Tian D, Cheng L, Zheng M, Jing J. M1 macrophages impair tight junctions between endothelial cells after spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull 2022; 180:59-72. [PMID: 34995751 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), endogenous angiogenesis occurs in the injury core, unexpectedly accompanied by continuous leakage of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), which may be caused by destruction of the tight junctions (TJs) between vascular endothelial cells-an important structure of the BSCB. Blood-derived macrophages infiltrate into the spinal cord, aggregate to the injury core and then polarize toward M1/M2 phenotypes after SCI. However, the effect of macrophages with different polarizations on the TJs between vascular endothelial cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that from 7 days postinjury (dpi) to 28 dpi, accompanied by the aggregation of macrophages, the expression of claudin-5 (CLN-5) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in vascular endothelial cells in the injury core was significantly decreased in comparison to that in normal spinal cord tissue and in the penumbra. Moreover, the leakage of the BSCB was severe in the injury core, as demonstrated by FITC-dextran perfusion. Notably, our study demonstrated that depletion of macrophages facilitated the restoration of TJs between vascular endothelial cells and decreased the leakage of BSCB in the injury core after SCI. Furthermore, we confirmed that the endothelial TJs could be impaired by M1 macrophages through secreting IL-6 in vitro, leading to an increased permeability of endothelial cells, but it was not significantly affected by M0 and M2 macrophages. These results indicated that the TJs between vascular endothelial cells were impaired by M1 macrophages in the injury core, potentially resulting in continuous leakage of the BSCB after SCI. Preventing M1 polarization of macrophages or blocking IL-6 in the injury core may promote restoration of the BSCB, thus accelerating functional recovery after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuisheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dasheng Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meige Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Research on the Protective Effect of MiR-185-3p Mediated by Huangqin-Tang Decoction (HQT) on the Epithelial Barrier Function of Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2021:4775606. [PMID: 34970325 PMCID: PMC8714350 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4775606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It has been reported that the traditional Chinese medicine Huangqin-Tang decoction (HQT) has a protective effect on the epithelial barrier function of ulcerative colitis, but its mechanism has not been fully clarified. This study intends to explore the protective mechanism of HQT in regulating microRNA (miRNA) for the first time. Methods Based on the Balb/c mice ulcerative colitis model, the mice were given a gavage of 0.1 mL/10 g HQT every day for 7 days; on the 8th day, the colon of the mice was dissected, the length of the colon for the mice was measured, and the score was given based on this. Analysis of colonic mucosal injury was conducted by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Then, the differential miRNA was screened and sequenced in colon tissue using the HiSeq platform. And the differential miR-185-3p gene was verified by RT-PCR. Finally, the effects of HQT on miR-185-3p, occludin protein expression, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value were observed in combination with the CaCo2 intestinal epithelial cell model. Results HQT treatment can alleviate the shortening of colon length and reverse the intestinal mucosal injury. miRNA sequencing of colonic tissue showed that miR-185-3p was significantly downregulated in the model group, while HQT could upregulate miR-185-3p, thereby affecting the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)/myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) pathway and leading to increased expression of occludin protein, which ultimately protected the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Conclusion HQT can protect colon epithelial barrier function by regulating miR-185-3p.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang LM, Wang YT, Yang WX. Engineered nanomaterials induce alterations in biological barriers: focus on paracellular permeability. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2725-2741. [PMID: 34870452 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment, as food additives and as energy materials. ENPs may exert adverse or beneficial effects on the human body, which may be linked to interactions with biological barriers. In this review, the authors summarize the influences of four typical metal/metal oxide nanomaterials (Ag, TiO2, Au, ZnO nanoparticles) on the paracellular permeability of biological barriers. Disruptions on tight junctions, adhesion junctions, gap junctions and desmosomes via complex signaling pathways, such as the MAPK, PKC and ROCK signaling pathways, affect paracellular permeability. Reactive oxygen species and cytokines underlie the mechanism of ENP-triggered alterations in paracellular permeability. This review provides the information necessary for the cautious application of nanoparticles in medicine and life sciences in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Min Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zirak A, Soleimani M, Jameie SB, Abdollahifar MA, Fadaei Fathabadi F, Hassanzadeh S, Esmaeilzadeh E, Farjoo MH, Norouzian M. Related Fluoxetine and Methylprednisolone Changes of TNF-α and IL-6 Expression in The Hypothyroidism Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:763-771. [PMID: 34979066 PMCID: PMC8753107 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical condition that leads to disability. Following primary injury, pro-
inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the subsequent secondary events. The thyroid hormone (TH) is known
as the modulator of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a neuroprotective agent. Methylprednisolone (MP) is used
for the early treatment of SCI. Fluoxetine (FLX), also is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), has
therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effects of
MP and FLX on SCI in the rat hypothyroidism (hypo) model. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats with hypothyroidism were randomly divided
into 6 groups (n=8/group): control (Hypo), Hypo+Surgical sham, Hypo+SCI, Hypo+SCI+MP, Hypo+SCI+FLX, and
Hypo+SCI+MP+FLX. SCI was created using an aneurysm clip and Hypothyroidism was induced by 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil
(PTU) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day administered intraperitoneally. Following SCI induction, rats received MP and FLX
treatments via separate intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 30 and 10 mg/kg/day respectively on the surgery day
and FLX continued daily for 3 weeks. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6
(IL-6) were quantified by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Myelination and glutathione
(GSH) levels were analyzed by Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining and ELISA respectively.
Results Following combined MP and FLX treatments, the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly decreased
and GSH level considerably increased in the trial animals.
Conclusion Our results show the neuroprotective effects of MP and FLX with better results in Hypo+SCI+MP+FLX
group. Further study is required to identify the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Zirak
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Hassanzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Skull Base Research Center, Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hadi Farjoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yao L, Tang Y, Chen J, Li J, Wang H, Lu M, Gao L, Liu F, Chang P, Liu X, Tang H. Impaired airway epithelial barrier integrity was mediated by PI3Kδ in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107570. [PMID: 33773208 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions are critical for the maintenance of cellular as well as tissue polarity and integrity. Dysfunction of airway epithelial barrier has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Yet the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) in dysregulation of airway epithelial barrier integrity in ALI has not been addressed. Mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate a ALI model. Two pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kδ, IC87114 and AMG319, were respectively given to the mice. Expression of p110δ and its downstream substrate phospho-AKT (Ser473) was increased in LPS-exposed lungs. These increases were inhibited by IC87114 or AMG319. LPS led to pronounced lung injury that was accompanied by significant airway neutrophil recruitment and bronchial epithelial morphological alterations 72 h after exposure. We also found compromised expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin and tight junction protein claudin-2 in the airway epithelial cells. Treatment with either IC87114 or AMG319 not only attenuated LPS-induced edema, lung injury and neutrophilc inflammation, reduced total protein concentration and IL-6, TNF-α secretion in BALF, but also restored epithelial E-cadherin and claudin-2 expression. In summary, our results showed that LPS can induce a delayed effect on airway epithelial barrier integrity that is mediated by PI3Kδ in a mouse model of ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Epithelial PBLD attenuates intestinal inflammatory response and improves intestinal barrier function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:563. [PMID: 34059646 PMCID: PMC8166876 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier function defects and dysregulation of intestinal immune responses are two key contributory factors in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein (PBLD) was recently identified as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer; however, its role in UC remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed colonic tissue samples from patients with UC and constructed specific intestinal epithelial PBLD-deficient (PBLDIEC-/-) mice to investigate the role of this protein in UC pathogenesis. We found that epithelial PBLD was decreased in patients with UC and was correlated with levels of tight junction (TJ) and inflammatory proteins. PBLDIEC-/- mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In DSS-induced colitis, PBLDIEC-/- mice had impaired intestinal barrier function and greater immune cell infiltration in colonic tissue than WT mice. Furthermore, TJ proteins were markedly reduced in PBLDIEC-/- mice compared with WT mice with colitis. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was markedly elevated and resulted in higher expression levels of downstream effectors (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in colonic epithelial cells isolated from PBLDIEC-/- mice than WT mice with colitis. PBLD overexpression in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) consistently inhibited TNF-α/interferon-γ-induced intestinal barrier disruption and TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses via the suppression of NF-κB. In addition, IKK inhibition (IKK-16) rescued excessive inflammatory responses induced by TNF-α in PBLD knockdown FHC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that PBLD may interact with IKKα and IKKβ, thus inhibiting NF-κB signaling, decreasing inflammatory mediator production, attenuating colonic inflammation, and improving intestinal barrier function. Modulating PBLD expression may provide a novel approach for treatment in patients with UC.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ben Lagha A, Yang Y, Trivedi HM, Masters JG, Grenier D. A Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulation protects against tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced barrier dysfunction and enhances cell proliferation and migration in an in vitro gingival keratinocyte model. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105126. [PMID: 33872861 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulations (aqueous solution and dentifrice) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced barrier dysfunction as well as on cell proliferation and migration in an in vitro gingival keratinocyte model. DESIGN Gingival keratinocytes were seeded onto the membrane of a double-chamber system in the absence and presence of recombinant TNF-α and the formulations under investigation. The barrier function was assessed by determination of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and paracellular transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran. The distribution of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. The effects of the formulations on keratinocyte cell proliferation were determined using a fluorescent cell tracker dye, while a migration assay kit was used to investigate their effects on cell migration. RESULTS Under conditions where TNF-α induces loss of keratinocyte barrier integrity, the Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulations (aqueous solution and dentifrice) protected the keratinocyte tight junction against the damages since they prevented the TNF-α-induced drop in TER and increase in FITC-dextran paracellular flux in the in vitro model. The treatment of keratinocytes with the formulations markedly mitigated the altered distribution of ZO-1 and occludin. Both formulations increased the proliferation of keratinocytes and alleviated the negative impact caused by TNF-α. Lastly, the formulations increased the migration capacity of keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS The ability of the Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulations to protect the barrier integrity of gingival keratinocytes from TNF-α-induced damage and to promote their proliferation and migration suggests that they may offer benefits for oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ying Yang
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Al-Sadi R, Engers J, Haque M, King S, Al-Omari D, Ma TY. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) induced disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier is mediated by NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249544. [PMID: 33826658 PMCID: PMC8026081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to play a key role in mediating inflammation and tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In patients with IBD, the intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier is compromised as characterized by an increase in intestinal permeability. MMP-9 is elevated in intestinal tissue, serum and stool of patients with IBD. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that MMP-9 causes an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability and that the MMP-9 induced increase in intestinal permeability is an important pathogenic factor contributing to the development of intestinal inflammation in IBD. However, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the MMP-9 modulation of intestinal barrier function remain unclear. AIMS The main aim of this study was to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in MMP-9 induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability using Caco-2 monolayers as an in-vitro model system. RESULTS MMP-9 induced increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability was associated with activation and cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Knocking-down NF-κB p65 by siRNA transfection prevented the MMP-9 induced expression of the NF-κB target gene IL-8, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) protein expression, and subsequently prevented the increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. In addition, the effect of MMP-9 on Caco-2 intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function was not mediated by apoptosis or necrosis. CONCLUSION Our data show that the MMP-9 induced disruption of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function is regulated by NF-κB pathway activation of MLCK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Al-Sadi
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Engers
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Haque
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven King
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deemah Al-Omari
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Thomas Y. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Tong Y, Lyu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang R. Prevention and Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice With Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Milk via Inhibition of the Inflammatory Responses and Regulation of the Intestinal Flora. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:622354. [PMID: 33519783 PMCID: PMC7845695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.622354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be related to the local inflammatory damage and the dysbacteriosis of intestinal flora. Probiotics can regulate the intestinal flora and ameliorate IBD. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain B. subtilis JNFE0126 was used as the starter of fermented milk. However, the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis-fermented milk on IBD remain to be explored. In this research, the therapeutic effect of B. subtilis-fermented milk on dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model was evaluated. Besides, the expression of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, the proliferation of the intestinal stem cells, and the reconstruction of the mucosa barrier were investigated. Finally, alteration of the gut microbiota was investigated by taxonomic analysis. As shown by the results, the disease activity index (DAI) of IBD was significantly decreased through oral administration of B. subtilis (JNFE0126)-fermented milk, and intestinal mucosa injury was attenuated. Moreover, B. subtilis could reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa, induce proliferation of the intestinal stem cell, and promote reconstruction of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, B. subtilis could rebalance the intestinal flora, increasing the abundance of Bacillus, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides. In conclusion, oral administration of the B. subtilis-fermented milk could alleviate DSS-induced IBD via inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of the mucosal barrier reconstruction, and regulation of the intestinal flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanjun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yao Y, Feng Q, Shen J. Myosin light chain kinase regulates intestinal permeability of mucosal homeostasis in Crohn's disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1127-1141. [PMID: 33183108 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1850269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Researchers have investigated the potential role of intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Intestinal permeability is usually mediated by cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions. The myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is an enzyme that activates the myosin light chain to exert its function related to cytoskeleton contraction and tight junction regulation. The correlation between MLCK and Crohn's disease pathogenesis has been consistently proven. Areas covered: This study aims to expand the understanding of the regulation and function of MLCK in Crohn's disease. An extensive literature search in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) has been performed up to Oct. 2020. The roles of MLCK in tight junction activation, intestinal permeability enhancement, and cell signal regulation are comprehensively discussed. Expert opinion: Targeting the MLCK-related pathways such as TNF-α in CD treatment has been put into clinical use. More accurate targeting such as MLCK and TNFR2 has been proposed to reduce side effects. MLCK may also have the potential to become biomarkers in fields like CD activity. With the application of cutting age research methods and tools, the MLCK research could be accelerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mohebali N, Ekat K, Kreikemeyer B, Breitrück A. Barrier Protection and Recovery Effects of Gut Commensal Bacteria on Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082251. [PMID: 32731411 PMCID: PMC7468801 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as specific commensal bacterial species are underrepresented in the microbiota of IBD patients. In this study, we examined the therapeutic potential of three commensal bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii), Roseburia intestinalis (R. intestinalis) and Bacteroides faecis (B. faecis) in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation, by using differentiated Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells, stimulated with a pro-inflammatory cocktail consisting of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFNγ), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results obtained in this work demonstrated that all three bacterial species are able to recover the impairment of the epithelial barrier function induced by the inflammatory stimulus, as determined by an amelioration of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the paracellular permeability of the cell monolayer. Moreover, inflammatory stimulus increased claudin-2 expression and decreased occludin expression were improved in the cells treated with commensal bacteria. Furthermore, the commensals were able to counteract the increased release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) induced by the inflammatory stimulus. These findings indicated that F. prausnitzii, R. intestinalis and B. faecis improve the epithelial barrier integrity and limit inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
27
|
Azimi T, Nasser A, Shariati A, Shiadeh SMJ, Safari H, Alizade-Sani M, Taghipour A, Dehghan A. The Possible Role of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Bacteria in Initiation and Exacerbation of Celiac Disease; A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:452-466. [PMID: 31858910 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191219160729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, generally of the proximal intestine, that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by the ingestion of gluten. The incidence and frequency of CD are increasing, and it is predicted that CD affects approximately 1% of the people worldwide. The common clinical manifestations of CD are divided in two sections, including classic and non-classic symptoms that can be created in childhood and adulthood. The relationship between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with CD is complex and multidirectional. In previous published studies, results demonstrated the triggering impact of bacteria, viruses, and parasites on initiation and development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Different studies revealed the inducing effect of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria on CD. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms can also play several positive roles in CD process. Although information of the pathogenesis of the CD is quickly expanding, the possible role of bacteria needs further examination. In conclusion, with respect to the possible correlation between different bacteria in CD, the current review-based study aims to discuss the possible relationship between CD and pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and to show various and significant aspects of mechanisms involved in the CD process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasser
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M J Shiadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Safari
- Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizade-Sani
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ye N, Yu T, Guo H, Li J. Intestinal Injury in Heat Stroke. J Emerg Med 2019; 57:791-797. [PMID: 31708310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stroke is a life-threatening syndrome that is characterized by its severe clinical symptoms, rapid progression, and high rate of mortality. Recently, research has indicated that a dysfunctional intestinal epithelia barrier plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke. Protecting the intestines from heat stress had been identified as a potentially effective treatment for patients with heat stroke and may reduce the innate immune response caused by endotoxins in circulation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to discuss this key event in heat stroke and to describe the mechanism during progression. DISCUSSION Direct injuries and secondary impairments of the intestine induced by heat stress are discussed; recent studies that refer to intestine-specific prevention and treatment in heat stroke and heat stress-induced injuries are also summarized. CONCLUSIONS A more detailed pathogenesis of heat stroke needs to be elucidated so that potentially effective means of treatment and prevention of heat stroke can be developed and studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ye
- Department of Military Biosafety, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Department of Military Biosafety, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxia Guo
- Department of Military Biosafety, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Department of Military Biosafety, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yao B, He J, Yin X, Shi Y, Wan J, Tian Z. The protective effect of lithocholic acid on the intestinal epithelial barrier is mediated by the vitamin D receptor via a SIRT1/Nrf2 and NF-κB dependent mechanism in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 316:109-118. [PMID: 31472180 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithocholic acid (LCA) is both a secondary bile acid and a vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand. The VDR is activated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and plays an important role in maintaining integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. LCA can also substitute for vitamin D to carry out the in vivo functions of vitamin D. However, it is unclear whether activation of the VDR by LCA affects mucosal barrier function. In the present study, we researched the protective effect of LCA on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells of the human epithelial intestinal adenocarcinoma cell line. Caco-2 cell monolayers were pretreated with LCA and then exposed to 100 ng/mL TNF-α. The results showed that LCA alleviated the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and the increase in FITC-Dextran flux induced by TNF-α. LCA ameliorated the TNF-α-induced decrease in protein expression and distribution of ZO-1, E-cadherin, Occludin, and Claudin-1, which are tight junction markers. Additionally, the LCA treatment effectively counteracted TNF-α-mediated downregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1, which are related to oxidative stress. Increases in NF-κB p-p65 and p-IκB-α induced by TNF-α were significantly inhibited by LCA. Considering all these, the present study indicates that LCA has a significant protective effect on TNF-α-induced injury of intestinal barrier function through the VDR and suggests that suppressing NF-κB signaling and activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway might be one of the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of LCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingni He
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nunes C, Freitas V, Almeida L, Laranjinha J. Red wine extract preserves tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells under inflammatory conditions: implications for intestinal inflammation. Food Funct 2019; 10:1364-1374. [PMID: 30735221 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The altered expression and subcellular distribution of tight junction (TJ) proteins, leading to a dysfunctional intestinal barrier, is a key mechanistic feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, increasing the integrity of the intestinal barrier by manipulating the TJ may constitute an innovative and effective therapeutic strategy in IBD. In this context, recent studies showed that dietary polyphenols are able to protect the intestinal TJ barrier integrity. Here, using a cellular model of intestinal inflammation, consisting of cytokine-stimulated HT-29 colon epithelial cells, we show that a polyphenolic extract obtained from Portuguese red wine (RWE) decreased the paracellular permeability across the cell monolayer compared with the control cells, even in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The beneficial effect of RWE was exerted at three complementary levels: (1) by promoting a significant increase of the mRNA of key barrier-forming TJ proteins, including occludin, claudin-5 and zonnula occludens (ZO)-1 above the levels observed in the control cells; (2) by preventing the decrease in the expression of these proteins under inflammatory conditions and (3) by averting the increase in claudin-2 mRNA, a channel-forming TJ protein induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that polyphenols presented and consumed in red wine as a mixture can reinforce and protect the intestinal barrier against inflammatory stimulus by affecting the TJ protein expression and, thus, without the need for purifying individual compounds, might represent a readily available therapeutic intervention against IBD and intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nunes
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang M, Jia W, Wang D, Han F, Niu W, Zhang H, Shih DQ, Zhang X. Effects and Mechanism of Constitutive TL1A Expression on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in DSS-Induced Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1844-1856. [PMID: 30949903 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of TL1A in the intestinal mucosa barrier in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the expression levels of tight junction protein (TJ), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), MyD88 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) and how TL1A influences the intestinal barrier in IBD. METHODS The mouse models of IBD were built using FMS-TL1A-GFP-transgenic mice and wild-type mice. The morphological and histopathological changes, bacterial translocation, permeability of colonic mucosa, and LPS level were assessed. Caco-2 cells were used to further investigate the association between TL1A and TNF-α and LPS. The protein level and mRNA changes of TJ proteins including ZO-1, occluding, JAMA, claudin-1, claudin-2, and claudin-3 were investigated using Western blot and real-time PCR. Protein changes of MLCK, MyD88 and TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6), and TNF-α mRNA in the mouse colon were further assessed. RESULTS The IBD models were successfully built. Cooper HS score and histopathological score of the colon were higher in DSS/WT group than in control/WT group (P < 0.05), higher in DSS/Tg group than in control/Tg group (P < 0.05), and higher in DSS/Tg group than in DSS/WT group. PAS, colonic permeability of the colon, and FITC-D examination showed the similar results and trends. Compared with control/WT group, the levels of TL1A and claudin-2 were higher and the levels of ZO-1, occludin, JAMA, claudin-1, and claudin-3 were lower in DSS/WT group (P < 0.05). Compared with control/Tg group, the levels of TL1A and claudin-2 were higher and the levels of ZO-1, occludin, JAMA, claudin-1, and claudin-3 were lower in DSS/Tg group. Compared with Caco-2 + TNF-α group, the expression level of occludin and claudin-1 in Caco-2 + LV-TNFSF15 + TNF-α group was significantly lower (P < 0.05); p-MLC level was significantly higher. Compared with Caco-2 + LPS group, the expression level of occludin and claudin-1 significantly decreased in Caco-2 + LV-TNFSF15 + LPS group; MyD88 and TRAF6 expression level significantly increased. CONCLUSION The results suggested that TL1A could impair intestinal epithelial barrier in the mouse model of IBD and might regulate TJ expression via MLCK/p-MLC pathway and LPS-mediated MyD88/TRAF6 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenxiu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - David Q Shih
- Cedars-Sinai Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 80 Huanghe Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haussner F, Chakraborty S, Halbgebauer R, Huber-Lang M. Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31114571 PMCID: PMC6502990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex of life-threating organ dysfunction in critically ill patients, with a primary infectious cause or through secondary infection of damaged tissues. The systemic consequences of sepsis have been intensively examined and evidences of local alterations and repercussions in the intestinal mucosal compartment is gradually defining gut-associated changes during sepsis. In the present review, we focus on sepsis-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, consisting of an increased permeability of the epithelial lining, which may facilitate bacterial translocation. We discuss disturbances in intestinal vascular tonus and perfusion and coagulopathies with respect to their proposed underlying molecular mechanisms. The consequences of enzymatic responses by pancreatic proteases, intestinal alkaline phosphatases, and several matrix metalloproteases are also described. We conclude our insight with a discussion on novel therapeutic interventions derived from crucial aspects of the gut mucosal dynamics during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Haussner
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shinjini Chakraborty
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yin X, Ming D, Bai L, Wu F, Liu H, Chen Y, Sun L, Wan Y, Thacker PA, Wu G, Wang F. Effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on growth performance and small intestine characteristics in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:246-256. [PMID: 30312407 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effect of graded levels of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ·Na2) on the performance and intestinal development of weaned pigs. A total of 216 pigs weaned at 28 d were assigned in a randomized complete block design to 6 diets containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 mg/kg PQQ·Na2 for 28 d. Performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, redox status, cytokines, and the expression of tight junction proteins were determined. Pigs had increased ADG (linear, P < 0.01), G:F (quadratic, P < 0.01), and lower diarrhea incidence (P < 0.01) with the increase of PQQ·Na2 supplementation. Villus height increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) in all segments of the small intestine, and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum was decreased (linear, P < 0.05) in pigs with the increase of PQQ·Na2 supplementation. Pigs fed PQQ·Na2-supplemented diets had higher (P < 0.05) activities of antioxidant enzymes including total superoxide dismutase in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in jejunum and ileum; catalase (CAT) in duodenum and ileum; and lower (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentrations in the intestinal mucosa of all segments. In the intestinal mucosa, cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and interferon-γ were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed PQQ·Na2-supplemented diets. The protein expression of zonula occluden protein-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the jejunum was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing PQQ·Na2. In conclusion, these results have indicated that dietary PQQ·Na2 supplementation improves growth performance and gut health in weaned pigs. Moreover, pigs fed diet with as low as 1.5-mg/kg PQQ·Na2 have better performance compared with pigs fed no PQQ·Na2-supplemented diet; pigs fed diet with 4.5-mg/kg PQQ·Na2 have highest G:F among treatments during the whole period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Shanghai Medical Life Science Research Center Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Wan
- Changmao Biochemical Engineering Company, Changzhou, China
| | | | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lagha AB, Grenier D. Tea polyphenols protect gingival keratinocytes against TNF-α-induced tight junction barrier dysfunction and attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages. Cytokine 2019; 115:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
35
|
Du L, Long Y, Kim JJ, Chen B, Zhu Y, Dai N. Protease Activated Receptor-2 Induces Immune Activation and Visceral Hypersensitivity in Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:729-739. [PMID: 30446929 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in the pathogenesis of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well defined. AIMS To investigate the role of PAR-2-mediated visceral hypersensitivity in a post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) mouse model. METHODS T. spiralis-infected PI-IBS mouse model was used. Fecal serine protease activity and intestinal mast cells were evaluated. Intestinal permeability was assessed by urine lactulose/mannitol ratio, and colonic expressions of PAR-2 and tight junction (TJ) proteins were examined by Western blot. Intestinal immune profile was assessed by measuring Th (T helper) 1/Th2 cytokine expression. Visceral sensitivity was evaluated by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distention. RESULTS Colonic PAR-2 expression as well as fecal serine protease activity and intestinal mast cell counts were elevated in PI-IBS compared to the control mice. Decreased colonic TJ proteins expression, increased lactulose/mannitol ratio, elevated colonic Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and visceral hypersensitivity were observed in PI-IBS compared to the control mice. Administration of PAR-2 agonist in control mice demonstrated similar changes observed in PI-IBS mice, while PAR-2 antagonist normalized the increased intestinal permeability and reduced visceral hypersensitivity observed in PI-IBS mice. CONCLUSIONS PAR-2 activation increases intestinal permeability leading to immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yanqin Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - John J Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Binrui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yubin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Activation of the Nuclear Factor-kappa B Signaling Pathway Damages the Epithelial Barrier in the Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line HPAF-II. Pancreas 2019; 48:1380-1385. [PMID: 31688605 PMCID: PMC6867665 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Injury of the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier plays a critical role in the development of acute pancreatitis. The activity of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is involved in the disruption of the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier. This study investigated how NF-κB impacts the dysfunction of the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier. METHODS A human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line was treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The expression levels of p65 and p-p65 were detected to evaluate NF-κB activity. Tricellulin (TRIC) expression levels were measured to assess the change in tight junction (TJ)-related proteins. The expression and localization of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were investigated. The structure of TJs and monolayer permeability were also examined. RESULTS NF-κB was activated by TNF-α and suppressed by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Activation of NF-κB upregulated the expression levels of TRIC and MLCK. Broadened TJs were observed after NF-κB was activated. Lower monolayer permeability was observed when NF-κB was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the NF-κB pathway induced by TNF-α leads to increased TRIC and MLCK expression, resulting in broadened TJs and high permeability, which contribute to damage to the pancreatic duct epithelial barrier.
Collapse
|
37
|
Taman H, Fenton CG, Hensel IV, Anderssen E, Florholmen J, Paulssen RH. Genome-wide DNA Methylation in Treatment-naïve Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1338-1347. [PMID: 30137272 PMCID: PMC6236200 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation status in treatment-naïve ulcerative colitis [UC], and to explore the relationship between DNA methylation patterns and gene expression levels in tissue biopsies from a well-stratified treatment-naïve UC patient group. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from treatment-naïve patients [n = 10], and a healthy control group [n = 11] underwent genome-wide DNA bisulfite sequencing. Principal component analysis [PCA] and diverse statistical methods were applied to obtain a dataset of differentially methylated genes. DNA methylation annotation was investigated using the UCSC Genome Browser. Gene set enrichments were obtained using the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes [KEGG] and PANTHER. RESULTS Of all significantly differentially expressed genes [DEGs], 25% correlated with DNA methylation patterns; 30% of these genes were methylated at CpG sites near their transcription start site [TSS]. Hyper-methylation was observed for genes involved in homeostasis and defence, whereas hypo-methylation was observed for genes playing a role in immune response [i.e. chemokines and interleukins]. Of the differentially DNA methylated genes, 25 were identified as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] susceptibility genes. Four genes [DEFFA6, REG1B, BTNL3, OLFM4] showed DNA methylation in the absence of known CpG islands. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed distinctive functional patterns for hyper-and hypo-methylation in treatment-naïve UC. These distinct patterns could be of importance in the development and pathogenesis of UC. Further investigation of DNA methylation patterns may be useful in the development of the targeting of epigenetic processes, and may allow new treatment and target strategies for UC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Taman
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G Fenton
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inga V Hensel
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Endre Anderssen
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H Paulssen
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Corresponding author: Ruth H. Paulssen, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Health, Sykehusveien 38, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway/ Tel.: +47 77 64 54 80;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miyazaki A, Kandasamy S, Michael H, Langel SN, Paim FC, Chepngeno J, Alhamo MA, Fischer DD, Huang HC, Srivastava V, Kathayat D, Deblais L, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Protein deficiency reduces efficacy of oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in a human infant fecal microbiota transplanted gnotobiotic pig model. Vaccine 2018; 36:6270-6281. [PMID: 30219368 PMCID: PMC6180620 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein deficiency impacted immunity and reduced human RV vaccine efficacy. Human infant fecal microbiota exacerbated the negative effects of protein deficiency. Immunological dysfunction could have been induced by altered tryptophan catabolism. Our findings provide an explanation for RV vaccine failures in malnourished children.
Background Low efficacy of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing African and Asian countries, where malnutrition is prevalent, remains a major concern and a challenge for global health. Methods To understand the effects of protein malnutrition on RV vaccine efficacy, we elucidated the innate, T cell and cytokine immune responses to attenuated human RV (AttHRV) vaccine and virulent human RV (VirHRV) challenge in germ-free (GF) pigs or human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) transplanted gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs fed protein-deficient or -sufficient bovine milk diets. We also analyzed serum levels of tryptophan (TRP), a predictor of malnutrition, and kynurenine (KYN). Results Protein-deficient pigs vaccinated with oral AttHRV vaccine had lower protection rates against diarrhea post-VirHRV challenge and significantly increased fecal virus shedding titers (HIFM transplanted but not GF pigs) compared with their protein-sufficient counterparts. Reduced vaccine efficacy in protein-deficient pigs coincided with altered serum IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ responses to oral AttHRV vaccine and the suppression of multiple innate immune parameters and HRV-specific IFN-γ producing T cells post-challenge. In protein-deficient HIFM transplanted pigs, decreased serum KYN, but not TRP levels were observed throughout the experiment, suggesting an association between the altered TRP metabolism and immune responses. Conclusion Collectively, our findings confirm the negative effects of protein deficiency, which were exacerbated in the HIFM transplanted pigs, on innate, T cell and cytokine immune responses to HRV and on vaccine efficacy, as well as on TRP-KYN metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Miyazaki
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Sukumar Kandasamy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Husheem Michael
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Stephanie N Langel
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Francine C Paim
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Moyasar A Alhamo
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - David D Fischer
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, USA(1)
| | - Huang-Chi Huang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Dipak Kathayat
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Loic Deblais
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Chickens are recognized as an imperative source of thermophilic Campylobacter spp., carrying this microorganism in high numbers in their intestinal tract. For a long time, Campylobacter jejuni has been considered as a commensal microorganism which colonizes its primary host rather than infecting it, in the absence of any obvious clinical signs. However, recent studies question this and argue for a deeper understanding of the host-bacteria interaction. Following oral uptake, it was demonstrated that C. jejuni interacts intimately with the gut epithelium and influences cellular functions of the host, with consequences on nutrient absorption. The immune reaction of the host which was revealed in some studies confirmed the infectious nature of C. jejuni. In agreement with this, an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes was noticed. The ability to induce intestinal damage and to modulate the barrier function of the intestinal epithelia has further consequences on gut integrity, as it facilitates the paracellular passage of C. jejuni into the underlying tissues and it supports the translocation of luminal bacteria such as Escherichia coli to internal organs. This is associated with an alteration of the gut microbiota as infected birds have a significantly lower abundance of E. coli in different parts of the intestine. Some studies found that the gut microbiota influences the infection and translocation of C. jejuni in chickens in various ways. The effects of C. jejuni on the intestinal function of chickens already indicate a possible interference with bird performance and welfare, which was confirmed in some experimental studies. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that a Campylobacter infection has an influence on the movement pattern of broiler flocks, supporting experimental studies. The intense interaction of C. jejuni with the chicken supports its role as an infectious agent instead of simply colonizing the gut. Most of the findings about the impact of Campylobacter on chickens are derived from studies using different Campylobacter isolates, a specific type of bird and varying experimental design. However, experimental studies demonstrate an influence of the aforementioned parameters on the outcome of a certain trial, arguing for improved standardization. This review summarizes the actual knowledge of the host-pathogen interaction of C. jejuni in chickens, emphasizing that there are still major gaps despite recently gained knowledge. Resolving the cascade from oral uptake to dissemination in the organism is crucial to fully elucidating the interaction of C. jejuni with the chicken host and to assess the clinical and economic implications with possible consequences on preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wageha A Awad
- a Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria.,b Department of Animal Hygiene, Poultry and Environment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , South Valley University , Qena , Egypt
| | - Claudia Hess
- a Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- a Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Allam O, Samarani S, Mehraj V, Jenabian MA, Tremblay C, Routy JP, Amre D, Ahmad A. HIV induces production of IL-18 from intestinal epithelial cells that increases intestinal permeability and microbial translocation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194185. [PMID: 29601578 PMCID: PMC5877838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family with multiple context dependent functions. We and others have shown that HIV infection is accompanied by increased circulating levels of IL-18 along with decreased levels of its antagonist, Interleukin-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP). The infection is also accompanied by intestinal inflammation and decreased intestinal integrity as measured by intestinal permeability, regeneration and repair. However, little is known concerning the relation between high level of IL-18 associated with the viral infection and intestinal permeability. Here we demonstrate that HIV treatment increases production of IL-18 and decreases that of IL-18BP production in human intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines. IL-18 causes apoptosis of the IEC by activating caspase-1 and caspase-3. It induces epithelial barrier hyperpermeability by decreasing and disrupting both tight and adherens junction proteins, occludin, claudin 2 and beta-catenin. Disorganization of F-actin was also observed in the IEC that were exposed to the cytokine. Moreover IL-18 decreases transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 and increases permeability in HT29 monolayers. The cells' treatment with IL-18 causes an increase in the expression of phosphorylated myosin II regulatory light-chain (p-MLC) and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), and a decrease in phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (p-STAT)-5. This increase in p-MLC is suppressed by a Rho-kinase (ROCK)-specific inhibitor. Interestingly, the levels of the cytokine correlate with those of LPS in the circulation in three different categories of HIV infected patients (HAART-naïve and HAART-treated HIV-infected individuals, and Elite controls) as well as in healthy controls. Collectively, these results suggest that the HIV-induced IL-18 plays a role in increased intestinal permeability and microbial translocation observed in HIV-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Allam
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vikram Mehraj
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Cecile Tremblay
- CHUM/ Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology & Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, CHU Ste-Justine Research Center/Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu CL, Guo Y, Qiao L, Ma L, Cheng YY. Recombinant expressed vasoactive intestinal peptide analogue ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:706-715. [PMID: 29456409 PMCID: PMC5807673 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i6.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the modulatory effect of recombinant-expressed vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) analogue (rVIPa) on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.
METHODS Forty-eight rats were randomized into six groups: normal control group (Control), model control group (TNBS), ethanol treatment group (ETOH), and VIP treatment groups with different dosage (rVIPa1nmol, rVIPa2nmol, rVIPa4nmol). Diarrhea and bloody stool were observed. Colonic damage was evaluated histologically. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and endotoxin in colonic tissue and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of occludin, ZO-1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), IκBα, and p-IκBα were detected by Western blot.
RESULTS Administration with 2 nmol rVIPa prevented TNBS-induced necrosis, hyperemia, swelling, inflammation, etc., pathologic changes observed in the inner surface of colon in experimental rats. Moreover, rVIPa significantly decreased colonic TNF-α level (P < 0.001), MPO activity (P < 0.001) and serum endotoxin level (P < 0.01), and remarkably increased colonic IL-10 content (P < 0.001) in rats with TNBS-induced colitis. Furthermore, compared to the TNBS-induced colitis group, 2 nmol rVIPa treatment up-regulated the levels of occludin (P < 0.05) and ZO-1 (P < 0.05), NF-κB p65 (P < 0.01) and IκBα (P < 0.001), and down-regulated the levels of TLR4.
CONCLUSION rVIPa ameliorates TNBS-induced colonic injury and inflammation and effectively protected the intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats. The mechanism may be related to TLR4/NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway. rVIPa could be used as a new alternative therapy for intestinal inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Ma
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Yi Cheng
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Taman H, Fenton CG, Hensel IV, Anderssen E, Florholmen J, Paulssen RH. Transcriptomic Landscape of Treatment-Naïve Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:327-336. [PMID: 29040430 PMCID: PMC6290885 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic inflammatory disease that effects the gastrointestinal tract and is considered one of the most prominent and common forms of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. This study aimed to define and describe the entire transcriptomic landscape in a well-stratified, treatment-naïve UC patient population compared with control patients by using next-generation technology, RNA-Seq. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from treatment-naïve UC patients [n = 14], and healthy controls [n = 16] underwent RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis [PCA], cell deconvolution methods, and diverse statistical methods were applied to obtain and characterise a dataset of significantly differentially expressed genes [DEGs]. RESULTS Analyses revealed 1480 significantly DEGs in treatment-naïve UC when compared with controls. Cell populations of monocytes, T cells, neutrophils, B cells/ lymphoid cells, and myeloid cells were increased during inflammation, whereas the fraction of epithelial cells were reduced in UC, which is reflected by the DEGs; 79 DEGs were identified as IBD susceptibility genes, and 58 DEGs were expressed in a gender-specific manner. MUC5B, REG3A, DEFA5, and IL33 might be considered as colorectal cancer [CRC] risk factors following UC in males. AQP9 together with CLDN2 may have a role regulating tissue-specific physiological properties in tight junctions in UC. An additional functional role for AQP9 in the synthesis and/or the function of mucus can be implied. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals new potential players in UC pathogenesis in general, and provides evidence for a gender-dependent pathogenesis for UC. These results can be useful for the development of personalised treatment strategies for UC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Taman
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G Fenton
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inga V Hensel
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Endre Anderssen
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H Paulssen
- Genomic Support Centre Tromsø [GSCT], Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Corresponding author: Ruth H. Paulssen, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Health, Sykehusveien 38, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway. Tel.: +47 77 64 54 80;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hatayama S, Shimohata T, Amano S, Kido J, Nguyen AQ, Sato Y, Kanda Y, Tentaku A, Fukushima S, Nakahashi M, Uebanso T, Mawatari K, Takahashi A. Cellular Tight Junctions Prevent Effective Campylobacter jejuni Invasion and Inflammatory Barrier Disruption Promoting Bacterial Invasion from Lateral Membrane in Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:15. [PMID: 29441328 PMCID: PMC5797580 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni invasion is closely related to C. jejuni pathogenicity. The intestinal epithelium contains polarized epithelial cells that form tight junctions (TJs) to provide a physical barrier against bacterial invasion. Previous studies indicated that C. jejuni invasion of non-polarized cells involves several cellular features, including lipid rafts. However, the dynamics of C. jejuni invasion of polarized epithelial cells are not fully understood. Here we investigated the interaction between C. jejuni invasion and TJ formation to characterize the mechanism of C. jejuni invasion in polarized epithelial cells. In contrast to non-polarized epithelial cells, C. jejuni invasion was not affected by depletion of lipid rafts in polarized epithelial cells. However, depletion of lipid rafts significantly decreased C. jejuni invasion in TJ disrupted cells or basolateral infection and repair of cellular TJs suppressed lipid raft-mediated C. jejuni invasion in polarized epithelial cells. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α treatment that induce TJ disruption promote C. jejuni invasion and lipid rafts depletion significantly reduced C. jejuni invasion in TNF-α treated cells. These data demonstrated that TJs prevent C. jejuni invasion from the lateral side of epithelial cells, where they play a main part in bacterial invasion and suggest that C. jejuni invasion could be increased in inflammatory condition. Therefore, maintenance of TJs integrity should be considered important in the development of novel therapies for C. jejuni infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hatayama
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimohata
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sachie Amano
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junko Kido
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Anh Q Nguyen
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Sato
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuna Kanda
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Tentaku
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiho Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Nakahashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Uebanso
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Mawatari
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bekusova VV, Falchuk EL, Okorokova LS, Kruglova NM, Nozdrachev AD, Markov AG. Increased paracellular permeability of tumor-adjacent areas in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Biol Med 2018; 15:251-259. [PMID: 30197792 PMCID: PMC6121046 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The morphology and functions of the proximal and distal large intestine are not the same. The incidence of colorectal cancer in these regions is also different, as tumors more often appear in the descending colon than in the ascending colon. Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer can increase transepithelial permeability, which is a sign of reduced intestinal barrier function. However, there is not enough evidence to establish a connection between the difference in colorectal cancer incidence in the proximal and distal colon and intestinal permeability or the effects of carcinogenesis on the barrier properties in various areas of the colon. The aim of the study was to assess the permeability of different segments of the large intestine according to a developed mapping methodology in healthy rats and rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon adenocarcinoma. Methods: The short circuit current, the transepithelial electrical resistance and the paracellular permeability to fluorescein of large intestine wall of male Wistar rats were examined in the Ussing chambers. The optical density of the solution from the serosa side to assess the concentration of the diffused fluorescein from mucosa to serosa was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The morphometric and histological studies were performed by optical microscopy. Results: Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas showed elevated transepithelial electrical resistance in the areas of neoplasm development. In contrast, there was no change in the electrophysiological properties of tumor adjacent areas, however, the paracellular permeability of these areas to fluorescein was increased compared to the control rats and was characterized by sharply reduced barrier function. Conclusions: The barrier properties of the colon vary depending on tumor location. The tumors were less permeable than the intact intestinal wall and probably have a negative influence on tumor-adjacent tissues by disrupting their barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria V Bekusova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Evgeny L Falchuk
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Larisa S Okorokova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Natalia M Kruglova
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| | - Alexander D Nozdrachev
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia.,I.P.Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 197183, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lignosulfonic acid attenuates NF-κB activation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ in Caco-2 cells. J Nat Med 2017; 72:448-455. [PMID: 29275476 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes mycelia solid culture extract (MSCE) is used as a medical food ingredient and provides beneficial effects to patients with cancer and chronic type C hepatitis. Low molecular weight lignin (LM-lignin), which is an active component of MSCE, exhibits hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of LM-lignin/lignosulfonic acid on intestinal barrier function. Lignosulfonic acid enhanced transepithelial membrane electrical resistance in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. In Caco-2 cells treated with lignosulfonic acid, expression of claudin-2, which forms high conductive cation pores in tight junctions (TJs), was decreased. Lignosulfonic acid also attenuated the barrier dysfunction that is caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in Caco-2 cells. TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced activation of NF-κB, such as translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus and induction of gene expression, was inhibited by lignosulfonic acid treatment. Furthermore, lignosulfonic acid decreased the TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that lignosulfonic acid not only enhances TJ barrier function but also restores TJ barrier integrity impaired by inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, lignosulfonic acid may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction observed in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
46
|
Mohandas S, Vairappan B. Role of pregnane X-receptor in regulating bacterial translocation in chronic liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1210-1226. [PMID: 29184608 PMCID: PMC5696604 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i32.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial translocation (BT) has been impeccably implicated as a driving factor in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Scientific evidence accumulated over the last four decades has implied that the disease pathologies in CLD and BT are connected as a loop in the gut-liver axis and exacerbate each other. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and nuclear receptor that is expressed ubiquitously along the gut-liver-axis. PXR has been intricately associated with the regulation of various mechanisms attributed in causing BT. The importance of PXR as the mechanistic linker molecule in the gut-liver axis and its role in regulating bacterial interactions with the host in CLD has not been explored. PubMed was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords PXR and bacterial translocation, PXR and chronic liver disease including cirrhosis. In an adequate expression state, PXR acts as a sensor for bile acid dysregulation and bacterial derived metabolites, and in response shapes the immune profile beneficial to the host. Activation of PXR could be therapeutic in CLD as it counter-regulates endotoxin mediated inflammation and maintains the integrity of intestinal epithelium. This review mainly focuses PXR function and its regulation in BT in the context of chronic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundhar Mohandas
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang L, Zhang Z, Liu B, Jin Y, Tian Y, Xin Y, Duan Z. The Protective Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 against Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Cholestatic Liver Injury Is Associated with NF-κB Inhibition. Mol Med 2017; 23:215-224. [PMID: 28805232 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is reported to protect against liver injury, but little is known about its effect on the intestinal barrier in cholestatic liver injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of HO-1 and its enzymatic by-product on intestinal barrier dysfunction in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats and explored the possible mechanism. The HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) were used; the expression levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins, intestinal inflammation and NF-κB p65 were measured. For an in vitro experiment, stable Caco-2 cell lines were constructed, one overexpressed the HO-1 gene and another with that gene knocked down, and the specific NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 was used. CoPP and CORM-2 treatment alleviated liver and intestinal mucosa injury in BDL rats; improved ZO-1, claudin-1 and PCNA expression; and reduced cell apoptosis and intestinal interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. In vitro studies confirmed that HO-1, ZO-1 and occludin were overexpressed in HO-1-transfected Caco-2 cells, while decreased in the sh-HO-1 group. JSH-23 significantly increased occludin expression in both the HO-1 overexpression and sh-HO-1 groups, compared with their respective controls. HO-1 overexpression also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Additionally, phospho-p65 expression in sh-HO-1 cells was significantly increased compared with that of the HO-1 overexpression group. In conclusion, HO-1 and CORM-2 improved intestinal epithelial barrier function in BDL-induced cholestatic liver injury mainly by restoring TJ, reducing cell apoptosis and intestinal inflammation. HO-1 exerts a protective effect, which is partially correlated with the regulation of NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhenling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Bojia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yan Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen Q, Chen O, Martins IM, Hou H, Zhao X, Blumberg JB, Li B. Collagen peptides ameliorate intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in immunostimulatory Caco-2 cell monolayers via enhancing tight junctions. Food Funct 2017; 8:1144-1151. [PMID: 28174772 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01347c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and multiple organ failure. The effect of Alaska pollock skin-derived collagen and its 3 tryptic hydrolytic fractions, HCP (6 kDa retentate), MCP (3 kDa retentate) and LCP (3 kDa permeate) on TNF-α induced barrier dysfunction was investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. TNF-α induced barrier dysfunction was significantly attenuated by the collagen and its peptide fractions, especially LCP, compared to TNF-α treated controls (P < 0.05). Compared to a negative control, 24 h pre-incubation with 2 mg mL-1 LCP significantly alleviated the TNF-α induced breakdown of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin and inhibited MLC phosphorylation and MLCK expression. The activation of NFκB and Elk-1 was suppressed by LCP. Thus, collagen peptides may attenuate TNF-α induced barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 cells by inhibiting the NFκB and ERK1/2-mediated MLCK pathway with associated decreases in ZO-1 and occludin protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. and Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Isabela M Martins
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - Hu Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Bafang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Altered Cytokine Expression and Barrier Properties after In Vitro Infection of Porcine Epithelial Cells with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Probiotic Enterococcus faecium. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2748192. [PMID: 28607532 PMCID: PMC5457759 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2748192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of the probiotic feed additive Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) during an in vitro challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Cells were incubated with E. faecium, ETEC, or both, and the effects on barrier function and structure and intra- and intercellular signaling were determined. Coincubation with E. faecium abolished the ETEC-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance (Rt) (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were seen in the expression levels of the intercellular connecting tight junction proteins examined. However, for the first time, a reorganization of the monolayer was observed in ETEC-infected cells but not in coincubated cells. ETEC induced an increase in cytotoxicity that was prevented by coincubation (p ≤ 0.05), whereas apoptosis rates were not affected by bacterial treatment. ETEC increased the mRNA expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 which could be prevented by coincubation for TNF-α mRNA expression and IL-6 protein (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, cAMP concentrations elevated by ETEC were reduced in coincubated cells (p ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate a protective effect of the probiotic E. faecium on inflammatory responses during infection with ETEC.
Collapse
|
50
|
Luescher S, Urmann C, Butterweck V. Effect of Hops Derived Prenylated Phenols on TNF-α Induced Barrier Dysfunction in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:925-931. [PMID: 28234482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the prenylated hops phenols 6- and 8-prenylnaringenin (1 and 2), xanthohumol (3), and isoxanthohumol (4), a variety of biological activities has been described. In the current study, a transwell based in vitro model using the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 was developed to assess potential beneficial effects of compounds 1-4 on TNF-α-induced impairment of tight junction (TJ) permeability. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured using the latest cellZScope online monitoring device. TNF-α treatment (25 ng/mL) induced a significant decrease in TEER values (204.71 ± 4.57 at 72 h) compared to that in control values (245.94 ± 1.68 at 72 h). To determine preventive effects on TNF-α-induced impairment of TJ permeability, 1-4 were added to the apical compartment of Caco-2 monolayers 1 h before TNF-α treatment; afterward, TNF-α was added to the basolateral compartment to induce TJ dysfunction and incubated for a further 72 h. Using this setting, only 1 and 2 prevented epithelial disruption induced by TNF-α. To evaluate restorative effects of 1-4, TNF-α was added to the basolateral compartment of Caco-2 cell monolayers. After 48 h of incubation, 1-4 were added to the apical side, and TEER values were monitored online for a further 72 h. Under these experimental conditions, only 2 restored TNF-α induced barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Luescher
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , Gruendenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Hochschule Weihenstephan Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences , Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , Gruendenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|