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Brobak KM, Halvorsen LV, Aass HCD, Søraas CL, Aune A, Olsen E, Bergland OU, Rognstad S, Blom KB, Birkeland JAK, Høieggen A, Larstorp ACK, Solbu MD. Novel biomarkers in patients with uncontrolled hypertension with and without kidney damage. Blood Press 2024; 33:2323980. [PMID: 38606688 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2323980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) are insensitive biomarkers for early detection of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we assessed potential biomarkers for early HMOD in healthy persons and patients with hypertension. We hypothesised that plasma levels of biomarkers: (1) are different between healthy controls and patients with hypertension, (2): can classify patients with hypertension according to the degree of hypertension severity. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with hypertension prescribed ≥2 antihypertensive agents were selected from a multicentre study. Healthy controls were selected from an ongoing study of living kidney donor candidates. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic daytime ambulatory blood pressure ≥135 mmHg. Kidney HMOD was defined by ACR > 3.0 mg/mmol or eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with hypertension were categorised into three groups: (1) controlled hypertension; (2) uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD; (3) uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD. Fifteen biomarkers were analysed using a Luminex bead-based immunoassay, and nine fell within the specified analytical range. RESULTS Plasma levels of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and uromodulin were significantly different between healthy controls (n = 39) and patients with hypertension (n = 176). In regression models, with controlled hypertension (n = 55) as the reference category, none of the biomarkers were associated with uncontrolled hypertension without (n = 59) and with (n = 62) kidney HMOD. In models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and eGFR, osteopontin (OPN) was associated with uncontrolled hypertension without kidney HMOD (odds ratio (OR) 1.77 (1.05-2.98), p = 0.03), and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) with uncontrolled hypertension with kidney HMOD (OR 0.57 (0.34-0.95), p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS None of the biomarkers could differentiate our hypertension groups when established risk factors were considered. Plasma OPN may identify patients with uncontrolled hypertension at risk for kidney HMOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Marius Brobak
- Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene V Halvorsen
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Camilla L Søraas
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arleen Aune
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Olsen
- Clinic of Emergency Medicine and Prehospital Care, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Undrum Bergland
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Rognstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti B Blom
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aud Høieggen
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cecilie K Larstorp
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit D Solbu
- Section of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Chidambaran V, Duan Q, Pilipenko V, Glynn SM, Sproles A, Martin LJ, Lacagnina MJ, King CD, Ding L. The role of cytokines in acute and chronic postsurgical pain after major musculoskeletal surgeries in a quaternary pediatric center. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:596-603. [PMID: 39222726 PMCID: PMC11437349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine if baseline cytokines/chemokines and their changes over postoperative days 0-2 (POD0-2) predict acute and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after major surgery. DESIGN Prospective, observational, longitudinal nested study. SETTING University-affiliated quaternary children's hospital. PATIENTS Subjects (≥8 years old) with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spine fusion or pectus excavatum undergoing Nuss procedure. MEASUREMENTS Demographics, surgical, psychosocial measures, pain scores, and opioid use over POD0-2 were collected. Cytokine concentrations were analyzed in serial blood samples collected before and up to two weeks after surgery, using Luminex bead arrays. After data preparation, relationships between pre- and post-surgical cytokine concentrations with acute (% time in moderate-severe pain over POD0-2) and chronic (pain score > 3/10 beyond 3 months post-surgery) post-surgical pain were analyzed using univariable and multivariable regression analyses with adjustment for covariates and mixed effects models were used to associate longitudinal cytokine concentrations with pain outcomes. MAIN RESULTS Analyses included 3,164 repeated measures of 16 cytokines/chemokines from 112 subjects (median age 15.3, IQR 13.5-17.0, 54.5 % female, 59.8 % pectus). Acute postsurgical pain was associated with higher baseline concentrations of GM-CSF (β = 0.95, SE 0.31; p = 0.003), IL-1β (β = 0.84, SE 0.36; p = 0.02), IL-2 (β = 0.78, SE 0.34; p = 0.03), and IL-12 p70 (β = 0.88, SE 0.40; p = 0.03) and longitudinal postoperative elevations in GM-CSF (β = 1.38, SE 0.57; p = 0.03), IFNγ (β = 1.36, SE 0.6; p = 0.03), IL-1β (β = 1.25, SE 0.59; p = 0.03), IL-7 (β = 1.65, SE 0.7; p = 0.02), and IL-12 p70 (β = 1.17, SE 0.58; p = 0.04). In contrast, CPSP was associated with lower baseline concentration of IL-8 (β = -0.39, SE 0.17; p = 0.02), and the risk of developing CPSP was elevated in patients with lower longitudinal postoperative concentrations of IL-6 (β = -0.57, SE 0.26; p = 0.03), IL-8 (β = -0.68, SE 0.24; p = 0.006), and IL-13 (β = -0.48, SE 0.22; p = 0.03). Covariates female (vs. male) sex and surgery type (pectus surgery vs. spine) were associated with higher odds for CPSP in baseline adjusted cytokine-CPSP association models for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, and IL-8, IL-10, respectively. CONCLUSION We identified pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles associated with higher risk of acute postoperative pain. Interestingly, pleiotropic cytokine IL-6, chemokine IL-8 (which promotes neutrophil infiltration and monocyte differentiation), and monocyte-released anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13, were associated with lower CPSP risk. Our results suggest heterogenous outcomes of cytokine/chemokine signaling that can both promote and protect against post-surgical pain. These may serve as predictive and prognostic biomarkers of pain outcomes following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Chidambaran
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Qing Duan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Valentina Pilipenko
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Susan M Glynn
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Alyssa Sproles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Michael J Lacagnina
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Christopher D King
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Lili Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Verhoeven JE, Wolkowitz OM, Barr Satz I, Conklin Q, Lamers F, Lavebratt C, Lin J, Lindqvist D, Mayer SE, Melas PA, Milaneschi Y, Picard M, Rampersaud R, Rasgon N, Ridout K, Söderberg Veibäck G, Trumpff C, Tyrka AR, Watson K, Wu GWY, Yang R, Zannas AS, Han LKM, Månsson KNT. The researcher's guide to selecting biomarkers in mental health studies. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300246. [PMID: 39258367 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Clinical mental health researchers may understandably struggle with how to incorporate biological assessments in clinical research. The options are numerous and are described in a vast and complex body of literature. Here we provide guidelines to assist mental health researchers seeking to include biological measures in their studies. Apart from a focus on behavioral outcomes as measured via interviews or questionnaires, we advocate for a focus on biological pathways in clinical trials and epidemiological studies that may help clarify pathophysiology and mechanisms of action, delineate biological subgroups of participants, mediate treatment effects, and inform personalized treatment strategies. With this paper we aim to bridge the gap between clinical and biological mental health research by (1) discussing the clinical relevance, measurement reliability, and feasibility of relevant peripheral biomarkers; (2) addressing five types of biological tissues, namely blood, saliva, urine, stool and hair; and (3) providing information on how to control sources of measurement variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E Verhoeven
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Isaac Barr Satz
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Quinn Conklin
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:00, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefanie E Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Rampersaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathryn Ridout
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente, Santa Rosa Medical Center, Santa Rosa, California, USA
| | - Gustav Söderberg Veibäck
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kathleen Watson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gwyneth Winnie Y Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ruoting Yang
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kumar S, Mohan V, Kant Singh R, Kumar Gautam P, Kumar S, Shukla A, Kumar Patel A, Yadav L, Acharya A. Tumor-derived Hsp70-CD14 interaction enhances the antitumor potential of cytotoxic T cells by activating tumor-associated macrophages to express CC chemokines and CD40 costimulatory molecules. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112584. [PMID: 38944948 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are a widely distributed group of proteins. It is constitutively expressed in almost all organisms and shows little variation throughout evolution. Previously, HSPs, particularly Hsp70, were recognized as molecular chaperones that aid in the proper three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized polypeptides in cells. Recently, researchers have focused on the potential induction of immune cells, including macrophages, antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and PBMCs. It induces the expression of CC chemokines such as MIP-1α and RANTES, which are responsible for the chemotactic movement and migration of immune cells at the site of infection to neutralize foreign particles in vivo and in vitro in several cell lines but their effect on tumor-associated macrophages is still not known. These cytokines are also known to influence the movement of several immune cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, toward inflammatory sites. Therefore, the effect of tumor-derived autologous Hsp70 on the expression of MIP-lα and RANTES in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was investigated. Our results indicated that Hsp70 treatment-induced MIP-lα and RANTES expression was significantly greater in TAMs than in NMOs. According to the literature, the CC chemokine shares the same receptor, CCR5, as HIV does for their action, and therefore could provide better completion to the virus for ligand binding. Furthermore, Hsp70-preactivated TAMs induced increased IL-2 and IFN-γ expression in T cells during coculture for 48 h and upregulated the antitumor immune response of the host. Therefore, the outcome of our study could be useful for developing a better approach to restricting the growth and progression of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vijay Mohan
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rishi Kant Singh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, IIT Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anand Kumar Patel
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lokesh Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Rountree W, Lynch HE, Denny TN, Sempowski GD, Macintyre AN. Sources of variability in Luminex bead-based cytokine assays: Evidence from twelve years of multi-site proficiency testing. J Immunol Methods 2024; 531:113699. [PMID: 38823575 PMCID: PMC11246216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Bead array assays, such as those sold by Luminex, BD Biosciences, Sartorius, Abcam and other companies, are a well-established platform for multiplexed quantification of cytokines and other biomarkers in both clinical and discovery research environments. In 2011, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)-funded External Quality Assurance Program Oversight Laboratory (EQAPOL) established a proficiency assessment program to monitor participating laboratories performing multiplex cytokine measurements using Luminex bead array technology. During every assessment cycle, each site was sent an assay kit, a protocol, and blinded samples of human sera spiked with recombinant cytokines. Site results were then evaluated for performance relative to peer laboratories. After over a decade of biannual assessments, the cumulative dataset contained over 15,500 bead array observations collected at more than forty laboratories in twelve countries. These data were evaluated alongside post-assessment survey results to empirically test factors that may contribute to variability and accuracy in Luminex bead-based cytokine assays. Bead material, individual technical ability, analyte, analyte concentration, and assay kit vendor were identified as significant contributors to assay performance. In contrast, the bead reader instrument model and the use of automated plate washers were found not to contribute to variability or accuracy, and sample results were found to be highly-consistent between assay kit-manufacturing lots and over time. In addition to these statistical analyses, subjective evaluations identified technical ability, instrument failure, protocol adherence, and data transcription errors as the most common causes of poor performance in the proficiency program. The findings from the EQAPOL multiplex program were then used to develop recommended best practices for bead array monitoring of human cytokines. These included collecting samples to assay as a single batch, centralizing analysis, participating in a quality assurance program, and testing samples using paramagnetic-bead kits from a single manufacturer using a standardized protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wes Rountree
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Research and Discovery, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heather E Lynch
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas N Denny
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Research and Discovery, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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6
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Mangioris G, Pittock SJ, Yang B, Fryer JP, Harmsen WS, Dubey D, Flanagan EP, Lopez-Chiriboga SA, McKeon A, Mills JR, Vodopivec I, Tobin WO, Toledano M, Aksamit AJ, Zekeridou A. Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis: Diagnostic and Immunopathologic Insights. Ann Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39031103 DOI: 10.1002/ana.27024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine/chemokine profile of central nervous system (CNS) neurosarcoidosis (NS), and its utility in differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication. METHODS In this case-control study, we validated 17 cytokines/chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1-beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, BAFF, IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM-CSF, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) in a multiplexed automated immunoassay system (ELLA; Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and assessed them in CSF and serum of symptomatic patients with probable or definite CNS NS (01/2011-02/2023) with gadolinium enhancement and/or CSF pleocytosis. Patients with multiple sclerosis, primary CNS lymphoma, aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G positivity, non-inflammatory disorders, and healthy individuals were used as controls. RESULTS A total of 32 NS patients (59% women; median age, 59 years [19-81]) were included; concurrent sera were available in 12. CSF controls consisted of 26 multiple sclerosis, 8 primary CNS lymphoma, 84 aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G positive, and 34 patients with non-inflammatory disorders. Gadolinium enhancement was present in 31 of 32 NS patients, and CSF pleocytosis in 27 of 32 (84%). CSF IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, BAFF, IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM-CSF, interferon-gamma, and TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in NS patients compared with non-inflammatory controls (p ≤ 0.02); elevations were more common in CSF than serum. Concurrent elevation of IL-6, CXCL9, CXCL10, GM-CSF, interferon-gamma, and TNF-alpha was present in 18 of 32 NS patients, but only in 1 control. Elevated IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, CXCL9, CXL10, GM-CSF, and TNF-alpha associated with measures of disease activity. INTERPRETATION NS CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles suggest T cell (mainly T helper cell type 1), macrophage, and B-cell involvement. These signatures aid in NS diagnosis, indicate disease activity, and suggest therapeutic avenues. ANN NEUROL 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mangioris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean J Pittock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Binxia Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James P Fryer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Divyanshu Dubey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Eoin P Flanagan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Andrew McKeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ivana Vodopivec
- Roche Product Development-Neuroscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W Oliver Tobin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michel Toledano
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Anastasia Zekeridou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Schmid SM, Hoffman JM, Prescott J, Ernst H, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE. The companion dog as a model for inflammaging: a cross-sectional pilot study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w. [PMID: 38822125 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, the chronic, progressive proinflammatory state associated with aging, has been associated with multiple negative health outcomes in humans. The pathophysiology of inflammaging is complex; however, it is often characterized by high serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Few studies have evaluated the effects of age on inflammatory cytokines in companion dogs, and most of these studies included dogs of a single breed. In this cross-sectional study, we measured multiple circulating inflammatory markers and hematological parameters in banked serum samples from 47 healthy companion dogs of various breeds enrolled in the Dog Aging Project. Using univariate linear models, we investigated the association of each of these markers with age, sex, body weight, and body condition score (BCS), a measure of obesity in the dog. Serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations were all positively associated with age. Lymphocyte count was negatively associated with age. Platelet count had a negative association with body weight. IL-2, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin, S100A12, and NMH concentrations were not associated with age, weight, BCS, or sex after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Our findings replicate previous findings in humans, including increases in IL-6 and TNF-α with age, giving more evidence to the strength of the companion dog as a model for human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schmid
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jena Prescott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Holley Ernst
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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8
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Bacher J, Lali N, Steiner F, Jungbauer A. Cytokines as fast indicator of infectious virus titer during process development. J Biotechnol 2024; 383:55-63. [PMID: 38325657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Measuring infectious titer is the most time-consuming method during the production and process development of live viruses. Conventionally, it is done by measuring the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) or plaque forming units (pfu) in cell-based assays. Such assays require a time span of more than a week to the readout and significantly slow down process development. In this study, we utilized the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of a Vero production cell line to a recombinant measles vaccine virus (MVV) as model system for rapidly determining infectious virus titer within several hours after infection instead of one week. Cytokines are immunostimulatory proteins contributing to the first line of defence against virus infection. The probed cytokines in this study were MCP-1 and RANTES, which are secreted in a virus dose as well as time dependent manner and correlate to TCID50 over a concentration range of several logarithmic levels with R2 = 0.86 and R2 = 0.83, respectively. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine response of the cells was specific for infectious virus particles and not evoked with filtered virus seed. We also discovered that individual cytokine candidates may be more suitable for off- or at-line analysis, depending on the secretion profile as well as their sensitivity towards changing process conditions. Furthermore, the method can be applied to follow a purification procedure and is therefore suited for process development and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bacher
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Narges Lali
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Steiner
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krenngasse 37, Graz A-8010, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Li S, Guo H, Gao Y, Tian W, Wang S, Shen C, Xu L, Liu H, Zhang J, Wang Y. Development of a free cytokine immunoassay to maintain binding and dissociation equilibrium in vitro. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115813. [PMID: 37956554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Using competitive ELISA to detect free cytokines is limited as it can only reflect relative trends rather than accurately determine the real state and quantity of cytokines due to the dynamic equilibrium between dissociation and binding. This imprecise quantification adversely affects the usage of clinical medication and the validity assessment. In this study, we have developed a novel cytokine immunoassay that utilizes Rosetta molecular docking prediction technique, we screened two specific antibody pairs binding IL-1β and Durg respectively and then established the Total IL-1β and Total Drug ELISA assay. Protein A column could separate bound IL-1β and free IL-1β, and the bound IL-1β occupied for about 90% of the total. This innovative approach ensures the maintenance of equilibrium between the free cytokines and complex. We have developed a free cytokine content detection method that combines ELISA and solid phase extraction, which can detect the true concentration of free cytokines without destroying the free-binding dynamic equilibrium. It can be used to verify the accuracy of clinical PK/PD and other data, evaluate the applicability of detection methods, and guide clinical drug use and drug efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Guo
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Gao
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wen Tian
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shan Wang
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chen Shen
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lili Xu
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinliang Zhang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingwu Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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10
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Hindle S, Girard S, Cote HCF, Money D, Mann E, Boucoiran I. Circulating levels of inflammatory mediators in pregnant people living with HIV according to antiretroviral therapy regimen. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1282291. [PMID: 38260915 PMCID: PMC10801078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy, particularly protease-inhibitor-based regimens (PI), has been linked to adverse outcomes including preterm delivery. As this outcome may be related to systemic inflammation, we sought to characterize inflammatory profiles of pregnant people living with HIV (PLWH) by comparing their levels of inflammatory mediators at two timepoints during pregnancy according to ART regimen, and to HIV-negative controls. Methods Second and third trimester samples from 144 pregnant PLWH treated with ART and 24 HIV-uninfected controls were retrieved from the CARMA-PREG cohort. Peripheral plasma levels of 12 inflammatory mediators previously linked to HIV infection and/or poor pregnancy outcomes were quantified by multiplex assay: HMGB1, GM-CSF, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, AGP, and CRP. Levels were compared by ART regimen and HIV status. Results Adjusted analyses showed that PLWH have higher levels of AGP throughout pregnancy and lower levels of IFNγ and IL-1β during the second trimester. PI-based regimens are associated with significantly higher levels of IFNα and IL-17 during the second trimester and IFNα, CRP, HMGB1, and IFNβ during the third trimester compared to InSTI-based regimens. The PI-subgroup was associated with preterm delivery and higher HIV-1 viral load. Discussion Our results suggest that PI-based regimens are associated with a pro-inflammatory and antiviral immunological response and a high viral load, which may be a mechanism through which PI-based regimens increase the risk of preterm delivery. Further investigations into cellular mechanisms and pro-inflammatory cascades leading to preterm delivery are necessary to support this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Girard
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Helene C. F. Cote
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Deborah Money
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evelyn Mann
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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11
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Felfeli T, Park J, Nestor B, Altomare F, Rai AS, Mandelcorn ED, Chow DR, Wong DT. Evaluating the long-term biological stability of cytokine biomarkers in ocular fluid samples. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:e001346. [PMID: 38081779 PMCID: PMC10729172 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The quality of biological fluid samples is vital for optimal preanalytical procedures and a requirement for effective translational biomarker research. This study aims to determine the effects of storage duration and freeze-thawing on the levels of various cytokines in the human aqueous humour and vitreous samples. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Human ocular aqueous humour and vitreous samples were obtained from 25 eyes and stored at -80°C for analysis. All samples were assayed for 27 cytokine biomarker concentrations (pg/mL) using a multiplex assay. Four sample storage durations following sample collection were evaluated (1 week, 3 months, 9 months and 15 months). Additionally, samples underwent up to three freeze-thaw cycles within the study period. RESULTS Among the 27 cytokine biomarkers, concentrations of four cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, IL-12 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB) were significantly decreased by storage duration at all time points, as early as 3 months following sample collection (range of 9%-37% decline between 1 week and 15 months, p<0.001). Freeze-thawing of up to three cycles did not significantly impact the cytokine biomarker concentrations in aqueous humour or vitreous. Separability of patient-specific cytokine biomarker profiles in the principal component analysis remained relatively the same over the 15 months of storage duration. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that several intraocular cytokine biomarkers in human aqueous humour and vitreous samples may be susceptible to degradation with long-term storage, as early as 3 months after collection. The overall patient-specific cytokine biomarker profiles are more stable than concentrations of individual cytokines. Future studies should focus on developing guidelines for optimal and standardised sample handling methods to ensure correct research findings about intraocular biomarkers are translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Felfeli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Park
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bret Nestor
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Filiberto Altomare
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amandeep S Rai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Kensington Eye Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Efrem D Mandelcorn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Chow
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David T Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Wu A, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38012702 PMCID: PMC10683283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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13
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Kmezic I, Gustafsson R, Fink K, Svenningsson A, Samuelsson K, Ingre C, Olsson T, Hansson M, Kockum I, Adzemovic MZ, Press R. Validation of elevated levels of interleukin-8 in the cerebrospinal fluid, and discovery of new biomarkers in patients with GBS and CIDP using a proximity extension assay. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241199. [PMID: 38077366 PMCID: PMC10702497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers for diagnosis of inflammatory neuropathies, assessment of prognosis, and treatment response are lacking. Methods CSF and EDTA plasma from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), healthy controls (HC) and disease controls were analyzed with Olink multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) from two independent cohorts. Levels of interleukin-8 (IL8) were further analyzed with ELISA in patients with GBS, CIDP, paraproteinemia-related demyelinating polyneuropathy (PDN), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), HC and disease controls. ROC analysis was performed. Outcome was measured with the GBS-disability score (GBS-ds) or Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) score. Results In CSF, multiplex PEA analysis revealed up-regulation of IL8 in GBS compared to CIDP and HC respectively, and CIDP compared to HC. In addition, levels of IL2RA were upregulated in GBS compared to both HC and CIDP, SELE in GBS compared to HC, and ITGAM, IL6, and NRP1 in GBS compared to CIDP. In plasma, levels of MMP3, THBD and ITGAM were upregulated in CIDP compared to HC. Validation of multiplex IL8 results using ELISA, revealed increased levels of IL8 in CSF in patients with GBS and CIDP versus HC and non-inflammatory polyneuropathies (NIP) respectively, as well as in PDN versus NIP and HC. Levels of IL8 in CSF correlated with impairment in the acute phase of GBS as well as outcome at 6-months follow up. Conclusion IL8 in CSF is validated as a diagnostic biomarker in GBS and CIDP, and a prognostic biomarker in GBS. Multiplex PEA hereby identifies several potential biomarkers in GBS and CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kmezic
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Samuelsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ingre
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine H5, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Neurology, Academic Specialist Centre, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rayomand Press
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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de Arruda TB, Bavia L, Mosimann ALP, Aoki MN, Sarzi ML, Conchon-Costa I, Wowk PF, Duarte dos Santos CN, Pavanelli WR, Silveira GF, Bordignon J. Viremia and Inflammatory Cytokines in Dengue: Interleukin-2 as a Biomarker of Infection, and Interferon-α and -γ as Markers of Primary versus Secondary Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1362. [PMID: 38003826 PMCID: PMC10675515 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Dengue virus (DENV) infection is complex and involves viral replication that may trigger an inflammatory response leading to severe disease. Here, we investigated the correlation between viremia and cytokine levels in the serum of DENV-infected patients. Between 2013 and 2014, 138 patients with a diagnosis of acute-phase DENV infection and 22 patients with a non-dengue acute febrile illness (AFI) were enrolled. Through a focus-forming assay (FFU), we determined the viremia levels in DENV-infected patients and observed a peak in the first two days after the onset of symptoms. A higher level of viremia was observed in primary versus secondary DENV-infected patients. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between viremia and inflammatory cytokine levels in DENV-infected patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that IL-2 has the potential to act as a marker to distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses and is positively correlated with Th1 cytokines. IFN-α and IFN-γ appear to be potential markers of primary versus secondary infection in DENV-infected patients, respectively. The results also indicate that viremia levels are not the main driving force behind inflammation in dengue and that cytokines could be used as infection biomarkers and for differentiation between primary versus secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Bonato de Arruda
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Pamplona Mosimann
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
| | - Mateus Nobrega Aoki
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
- Laboratório de Ciências & Tecnologias Aplicadas a Saúde, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Lo Sarzi
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Cambé, Cambé 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Laboratório de Protozoologia Experimental, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (W.R.P.)
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
| | - Claudia Nunes Duarte dos Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
| | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Laboratório de Protozoologia Experimental, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil (W.R.P.)
| | | | - Juliano Bordignon
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil; (T.B.d.A.); (A.L.P.M.)
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15
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Lamoureux D, Wong DT, Felfeli T. Variability of Replicates of Intraocular Inflammatory Biomarkers in Ocular Fluid Samples Analyzed with Multiplex Assays. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:2653-2663. [PMID: 37705679 PMCID: PMC10497047 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s417821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Certain factors such as instrumental and sample processing errors may contribute to variability of ocular biofluid samples when they are run as replicates with multiplex assays. There is a paucity of literature on the variability of replicates in multiplex assays. This study aims to evaluate whether there is significant variability in replicate analyses of multiplex assays. Methods A total of 152 human ocular biofluid samples (51 aqueous humor and 101 vitreous) were collected and assayed for 27 cytokine biomarker concentrations (pg/mL). Samples were evaluated as replicates (duplicate analysis) at four different time points. Statistical methods including paired samples t-test, 3-way ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; <0.5-0.75=poor-moderate, 0.75->0.90 =good-excellent reliability), and coefficients of variation (CV) were employed to evaluate for statistical significance, with Bonferroni corrected P=0.002. Results Among the 4104 biomarker replicate assays for aqueous humor and vitreous, two analytes (PDGF-BB and IL-7) had a statistically significant difference between the sampled concentrations of the replicates in vitreous samples (mean (diff)=2.05, P<0.001, mean (diff)=1.56, P<0.001, respectively). Majority of the ICC values fell within the good-excellent range (86% of samples) with a minority falling in the poor-moderate range (14% of samples). More variability was noted in the vitreous humour, with five analytes (IL-2, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17) demonstrating an average ICC of less than 0.5. The CV calculated for each set of replicates suggested that 93% of replicates had an acceptable level of quantitative assay variability (CV<20%). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the analysis of most biomarkers in ocular fluids may not require the use of replicates. However, certain analytes such as PDGF-BB and IL-7 may require the use of replicates to ensure reliable results. Caution should be taken when applying these findings to other laboratory settings as our study was conducted by an experienced technician using a standardized protocol. In less standardized settings, replicates may be required in order to ensure accuracy of results. These findings may guide researchers with the design of their studies on ophthalmic biomarker analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lamoureux
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - David T Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Felfeli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Assirelli E, Naldi S, Brusi V, Ciaffi J, Lisi L, Mancarella L, Pignatti F, Pulsatelli L, Faldini C, Ursini F, Neri S. Building a rheumatology biobank for reliable basic/translational research and precision medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1228874. [PMID: 37746090 PMCID: PMC10513757 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1228874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Research biobanks are non-profit structures that collect, manipulate, store, analyze and distribute systematically organized biological samples and data for research and development purposes. Over the recent years, we have established a biobank, the Rheumatology BioBank (RheumaBank) headed by the Medicine and Rheumatology unit of the IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR) in Bologna, Italy for the purpose of collecting, processing, storing, and distributing biological samples and associated data obtained from patients suffering from inflammatory joint diseases. RheumaBank is a research biobank, and its main objective is to promote large-scale, high-quality basic, translational, and clinical research studies that can help elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and improve personalization of treatment choice in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and other spondyloarthritides (SpA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Assirelli
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Naldi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Brusi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ciaffi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Mancarella
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pignatti
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lia Pulsatelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Shi M, McHugh KJ. Strategies for overcoming protein and peptide instability in biodegradable drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114904. [PMID: 37263542 PMCID: PMC10526705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The global pharmaceutical market has recently shifted its focus from small molecule drugs to peptide, protein, and nucleic acid drugs, which now comprise a majority of the top-selling pharmaceutical products on the market. Although these biologics often offer improved drug specificity, new mechanisms of action, and/or enhanced efficacy, they also present new challenges, including an increased potential for degradation and a need for frequent administration via more invasive administration routes, which can limit patient access, patient adherence, and ultimately the clinical impact of these drugs. Controlled-release systems have the potential to mitigate these challenges by offering superior control over in vivo drug levels, localizing these drugs to tissues of interest (e.g., tumors), and reducing administration frequency. Unfortunately, adapting controlled-release devices to release biologics has proven difficult due to the poor stability of biologics. In this review, we summarize the current state of controlled-release peptides and proteins, discuss existing techniques used to stabilize these drugs through encapsulation, storage, and in vivo release, and provide perspective on the most promising opportunities for the clinical translation of controlled-release peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miusi Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Soukka J, Polari L, Kalliomäki M, Saros L, Laajala TD, Vahlberg T, Toivola DM, Laitinen K. The Effect of a Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention from Early Pregnancy Onwards on Colostrum Immune Mediators: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial in Overweight/Obese Mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200446. [PMID: 37326413 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Modifying the composition of colostrum by external factors may provide opportunities to improve the infant's health. Here, we evaluated how fish oil and/or probiotics supplementation modify concentrations of colostrum immune mediators and their associations with perinatal clinical factors on mothers with overweight/obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant women were randomized in a double-blind manner into four intervention groups, and the supplements were consumed daily from early pregnancy onwards. Colostrum samples were collected from 187 mothers, and 16 immune mediators were measured using bead-based immunoassays. Interventions modified colostrum composition; the fish oil+probiotics group had higher concentrations of IL-12p70 than probiotics+placebo and higher FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3L) than fish oil+placebo and probiotics+placebo (one-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey's test). Although the fish oil+probiotics group had higher levels of IFNα2 compared to the fish oil+placebo group, these differences were not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Multivariate linear model revealed significant associations between several immune mediators and the perinatal use of medication. CONCLUSION Fish oil/probiotics intervention exerted a minor effect on concentrations of colostrum immune mediators. However, medication during the perinatal period modulated the immune mediators. These changes in colostrum's composition may contribute to immune system development in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Soukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marko Kalliomäki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Lotta Saros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Biomathematics Research Group, Fican West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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19
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Clemente T, Caccia R, Galli L, Galli A, Poli A, Marchetti GC, Bandera A, Zazzi M, Santoro MM, Cinque P, Castagna A, Spagnuolo V. Inflammation burden score in multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. J Infect 2023; 86:453-461. [PMID: 36913985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Four-class drug-resistant (4DR) people living with HIV (PLWH) are a fragile population with a high burden of disease. No data on their inflammation and T-cell exhaustion markers are currently available. METHODS Inflammation, immune activation and microbial translocation biomarkers were measured through ELISA in 30 4DR-PLWH with HIV-1 RNA ≥ 50 copies/mL, 30 non-viremic 4DR-PLWH and 20 non-viremic non-4DR-PLWH. Groups were matched by age, gender and smoking habit. T-cell activation and exhaustion markers were assessed by flow cytometry in 4DR-PLWH. An inflammation burden score (IBS) was calculated from soluble marker levels and associated factors were estimated through multivariate regression. RESULTS The highest plasma biomarker concentrations were observed in viremic 4DR-PLWH, the lowest ones in non-4DR-PLWH. Endotoxin core immunoglobulin G showed an opposite trend. Among 4DR-PLWH, CD38/HLA-DR and PD-1 were more expressed on CD4+ (p = 0.019 and 0.034, respectively) and CD8+ (p = 0.002 and 0.032, respectively) cells of viremic compared to non-viremic subjects. An increased IBS was significantly associated with 4DR condition, higher values of viral load and a previous cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Multidrug-resistant HIV infection is associated with a higher IBS, even when viremia is undetectable. Therapeutic approaches aimed to reduce inflammation and T-cell exhaustion in 4DR-PLWH need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Clemente
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Caccia
- Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Galli
- Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Galli
- Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Poli
- Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Paola Cinque
- Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonella Castagna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Spagnuolo
- Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Maryam S, Krukiewicz K, Haq IU, Khan AA, Yahya G, Cavalu S. Interleukins (Cytokines) as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Progression, Detection, and Monitoring. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093127. [PMID: 37176567 PMCID: PMC10179696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of death in economically developed countries and the second leading cause in developing countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for CRC include obesity, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity, and smoking. CRC has a poor prognosis, and there is a critical need for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to reduce related deaths. Recently, studies have focused more on molecular testing to guide targeted treatments for CRC patients. The most crucial feature of activated immune cells is the production and release of growth factors and cytokines that modulate the inflammatory conditions in tumor tissues. The cytokine network is valuable for the prognosis and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer as they can aid in the cost-effective and non-invasive detection of cancer. A large number of interleukins (IL) released by the immune system at various stages of CRC can act as "biomarkers". They play diverse functions in colorectal cancer, and include IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, IL-33, TNF, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are pro-tumorigenic genes. However, there are an inadequate number of studies in this area considering its correlation with cytokine profiles that are clinically useful in diagnosing cancer. A better understanding of cytokine levels to establish diagnostic pathways entails an understanding of cytokine interactions and the regulation of their various biochemical signaling pathways in healthy individuals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of some interleukins as immunological biomarkers of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Maryam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Awal Ayaz Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Al Sharqia, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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21
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Tang R, Gasvoda KL, Rabin J, Alsberg E. Protein conformation stabilized by newly formed turns for thermal resilience. Biophys J 2023; 122:82-89. [PMID: 36419349 PMCID: PMC9822789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally stable or resilient proteins are usually stabilized at intermediate states during thermal stress to prevent irreversible denaturation. However, the mechanism by which their conformations are stabilized to resist high temperature remains elusive. Herein, we investigate the conformational and thermal stability of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a key signaling molecule in numerous biological pathways. We report that the TGF-β1 molecule is thermally resilient as it gradually denatures during thermal treatment when the temperature increases to 90°C-100°C but recovers native folding when the temperature decreases. Using this protein as a model, further studies show the maintenance of its bioactive functional properties after thermal stress, as demonstrated by differentiation induction of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts and chondrocytes, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that although the protein's secondary structure is unstable under thermal stress, its conformation is partially stabilized by newly formed turns. Given the importance and/or prevalence of TGF-β1 in biological processes, potential therapeutics, and the human diet, our findings encourage consideration of its thermostability for biomedical applications and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Kaelyn L Gasvoda
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob Rabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopedics, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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22
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De Beule J, Keppens D, Korf H, Jochmans I. Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates-Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6618. [PMID: 36431095 PMCID: PMC9695901 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ideal composition of the perfusate for normothermic kidney perfusion is unknown, though the perfusate commonly used to perfuse human kidneys contains leukocyte-depleted packed red blood cells (RBC), as this is believed to prevent excessive inflammation. We performed a systematic search identifying 19 articles reporting on cytokine levels during normothermic pig or human kidney perfusion. Cytokine levels varied widely across the reported studies. No direct comparisons of perfusate cytokines during perfusion with RBC or whole blood were performed, and no data on how these levels are influenced by ischemia are available. Therefore, we compared perfusate IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8, and CCL2 levels during 4 h normothermic pig kidney perfusion with a whole blood- or RBC-based perfusate. Kidneys were exposed to either 1 h of warm or 22 h of cold ischemia. We found no evidence of different perfusate cytokine or gene expression levels in whole blood or RBC perfusions. There was no clear evidence to suggest that cytokine concentrations differ between ischemically injured kidneys and controls. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are detectable in the perfusate and urine of kidneys undergoing normothermic perfusion. It is unclear how cytokine levels change in different ischemic conditions and whether the use of a leukocyte filter plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie De Beule
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine Keppens
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, CHROMETA Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Temporal Release and Denature of Several Mediators in Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma and Temperature-Induced Platelet Lysates Derived from a Similar Bovine Platelet Concentrate. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:2609508. [PMID: 36193256 PMCID: PMC9525800 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2609508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is scarce information about bovine platelet-rich plasma/platelet-rich gel (PRP/PRG) and related hemocomponents (HCs), such as platelet lysates (PLs), including growth factor (GF) and cytokine concentrations, and how the stability of these biomolecules could be affected by time and temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the release and stability of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) contained in bovine pure PRP (P-PRP) and temperature-induced PL (TIPL) coming from a similar platelet concentrate (PC) at 4 and 37°C at 3 and 96 h. Platelet concentrates (PCs) presented a 1.7-fold concentration of platelets (PLTs) with negligible counts of white blood cells (WBCs) when compared to the counts for these cells in whole blood. TGF-β1 concentrations were significantly lowest in plasma followed by TIPL, chemical-induced PL (CIPL), and P-PRP. IL-4 and TNF-α concentrations did not differ between HCs. TGF-β1 concentrations were negatively affected in P-PRPs stored at 4°C at 3 and 96 h, whereas those from P-PRP maintained at 37°C presented similar concentrations to TIPL stored at both temperatures over time. IL-4 and TNF-α concentrations were not affected by time or temperature in any of the HCs evaluated. Pure PRGs released additional quantities of GF and cytokines over time when compared with HCs stored over 96 h at 4 and 37°C. The method, either chemical or physical, used for platelet activation or damage produces a different GF and cytokine release pattern, which makes to each evaluated HCs different despite they come from a similar bovine PC. P-PRP activated with calcium gluconate and maintained at 37°C, which polymerizes in P-PRG, showed the best GF and cytokine release/denature profile compared with the rest of the HCs evaluated.
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24
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Publicly available cytokine data: limitations and opportunities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1053-1056. [PMID: 35970308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Teufel LU, de Graaf DM, Netea MG, Dinarello CA, Joosten LAB, Arts RJW. Circulating interleukin-38 concentrations in healthy adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964365. [PMID: 36016926 PMCID: PMC9396651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is the latest discovered member of the interleukin-1 family, which has anti-inflammatory properties similar to IL-36Ra. Several studies compared circulating IL-38 concentrations in healthy and diseased populations to characterize its role in both auto-immune and inflammatory pathologies, with both higher and lower concentrations being associated with certain diseases. However, in order to use IL-38 as a biomarker, a reference range in healthy adults is needed. To establish a reference IL-38 circulating concentration, accessible data from 25 eligible studies with IL-38 concentrations in healthy adults was collected. To validate the values found in literature, we measured IL-38 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in several cohorts from our own institute. Additionally, the effect of blood collection techniques, freeze thawing cycles, and hemolysis on IL-38 measurements was assessed. To evaluate the importance of the genetic background of individuals as confounding factor of IL-38 synthesis, we used publicly available eQTL databases with matched data on allele frequencies in individuals of different ethnicities. Mean IL-38 concentrations in the various studies were weighted by their corresponding sample size, resulting in a weighted mean, and weighted upper and lower limits were calculated by mean ± 2 SD. Differences of over 10.000-fold were found in the weighted means between studies, which could not be attributed to the blood collection method or assessment of IL-38 in plasma or serum. Although IL-38 concentrations were markedly higher in Chinese then in European population studies, we could not show an association with the genetic background. From our analysis, a reference range for circulating IL-38 in healthy adults could thus not yet be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa U. Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dennis M. de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rob J. W. Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS) and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Rob J. W. Arts,
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26
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Chen J, He X, Song Y, Tu Y, Chen W, Yang G. Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum alleviates liver injury induced by DBP and BaP co-exposure in rat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113750. [PMID: 35696964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous contaminants in environment and foodstuffs, which increase the chance of their combined exposure to humans in daily life. However, the combined effects of DBP and BaP on liver and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we explored the combined effects of DBP and BaP on liver and the potential mechanisms in a rat model. We found that DBP and BaP co-exposure activated the MyD88/NF-κB pathway through increasing TLR4 acetylation (TLR4ac) level, leading to the imbalance of pro-inflammatory factors (CXCL-13, IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10), ultimately resulting in liver tissue damage and functional changes. Sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) had strong alleviating effects on liver injury induced by DBP and BaP co-exposure. Our study found that SSGL suppressed TLR4ac-regulated MyD88/NF-κB signaling to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and promote the secretion of IL-10, thus alleviating liver injury caused by DBP and BaP co-exposure. In conclusion, SSGL contributed to liver protection against DBP and BaP-induced liver injury in rats via suppressing the TLR4ac-regulated MyD88/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xiu He
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yawen Song
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Ying Tu
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China; School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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27
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Smith RJ, Rabinstein AA, Cartin-Ceba R, Singh VP, Lachner C, Khatua B, Trivedi S, Gajic O. Chemokines in ICU Delirium: An Exploratory Study. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0729. [PMID: 35815182 PMCID: PMC9259165 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pathophysiology of delirium is complex and incompletely understood. Inflammation is hypothesized to be integral to its development due to effects on blood brain barrier integrity, facilitation of leukocyte extravasation into brain parenchyma, and propagation of neuroinflammation. Septic shock is the prototypical condition associated with ICU delirium; however, the relative contribution of resultant hypotension and systemic inflammation to the development of delirium is unknown. DESIGN This was a prospective exploratory study. SETTING A multidisciplinary ICU at an academic medical center in Phoenix, AZ. PATIENTS Critically ill patients older than or equal to 18 years old admitted to the ICU. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Screening for delirium was performed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU tool. The levels of C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C motif ligand 3, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, and interleukin-8 were measured in serum samples obtained within 12 hours of ICU admission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association of delirium with patient data pertaining to hospital course, laboratory values, vital signs, medication administration, and levels of the aforementioned chemokines. Forty-one of 119 patients (34.5%) in the study cohort developed ICU delirium. Each chemokine studied was associated with delirium on univariate analyses; however, CCL2 was the only chemokine found to be independently associated with the development of delirium on multivariable analysis. The association of increased CCL2 levels with delirium remained robust in various models controlling for age, presence of shock, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV score, mean arterial pressure at presentation, lowest mean arterial pressure, and total opioid, midazolam, propofol, and dexmedetomidine exposure. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated relationship between CCL2 and delirium suggests this chemokine may play a role in the development of delirium and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Smith
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Christian Lachner
- Division of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Biswajit Khatua
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shubham Trivedi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ognjen Gajic
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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28
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Nguyen KG, Mantooth SM, Vrabel MR, Zaharoff DA. Intranasal Delivery of Thermostable Subunit Vaccine for Cross-Reactive Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858904. [PMID: 35592324 PMCID: PMC9110812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable efficacy of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines, there are several opportunities for continued vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 and future lethal respiratory viruses. In particular, restricted vaccine access and hesitancy have limited immunization rates. In addition, current vaccines are unable to prevent breakthrough infections, leading to prolonged virus circulation. To improve access, a subunit vaccine with enhanced thermostability was designed to eliminate the need for an ultra-cold chain. The exclusion of infectious and genetic materials from this vaccine may also help reduce vaccine hesitancy. In an effort to prevent breakthrough infections, intranasal immunization to induce mucosal immunity was explored. A prototype vaccine comprised of receptor-binding domain (RBD) polypeptides formulated with additional immunoadjuvants in a chitosan (CS) solution induced high levels of RBD-specific antibodies in laboratory mice after 1 or 2 immunizations. Antibody responses were durable with high titers persisting for at least five months following subcutaneous vaccination. Serum anti-RBD antibodies contained both IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes suggesting that the vaccine induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response. RBD vaccination without CS formulation resulted in minimal anti-RBD responses. The addition of CpG oligonucleotides to the CS plus RBD vaccine formulation increased antibody titers more effectively than interleukin-12 (IL-12). Importantly, generated antibodies were cross-reactive against RBD mutants associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including alpha, beta and delta variants, and inhibited binding of RBD to its cognate receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). With respect to stability, vaccines did not lose activity when stored at either room temperature (21-22°C) or 4°C for at least one month. When delivered intranasally, vaccines induced RBD-specific mucosal IgA antibodies, which may protect against breakthrough infections in the upper respiratory tract. Altogether, data indicate that the designed vaccine platform is versatile, adaptable and capable of overcoming key constraints of current COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue G. Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Siena M. Mantooth
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Maura R. Vrabel
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David A. Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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29
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Serum Cytokines Usefulness for Understanding the Pathology in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050436. [PMID: 35628692 PMCID: PMC9147526 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are important fungal infections caused by Aspergillus species. An overlap of ABPA and CPA has been reported; therefore, it is critical to determine whether the main pathology is ABPA or CPA and whether antifungals are required. In this study, we investigated whether the serum cytokine profile is useful for understanding the pathology and for differentiating between these diseases. We compared the various serum cytokine levels among healthy subjects and patients diagnosed with asthma, ABPA, or CPA at Nagasaki University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2018. In total, 14 healthy subjects, 19 patients with asthma, 11 with ABPA, and 10 with CPA were enrolled. Interleukin (IL) -5 levels were significantly higher in patients with ABPA than in those with CPA, and IL-33 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels were significantly higher in patients with CPA than in those with asthma (p < 0.05, Dunn’s multiple comparison test). The sensitivity and specificity of the IL-10/IL-5 ratio (cutoff index 2.47) for diagnosing CPA were 70% and 100%, respectively. The serum cytokine profile is useful in understanding the pathology of ABPA and CPA, and the IL-10/IL-5 ratio may be a novel supplemental biomarker for indicating the pathology of CPA.
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30
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Werner MCF, Wirgenes KV, Shadrin A, Lunding SH, Rødevand L, Hjell G, Ormerod MBEG, Haram M, Agartz I, Djurovic S, Melle I, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Steen NE. Immune marker levels in severe mental disorders: associations with polygenic risk scores of related mental phenotypes and psoriasis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:38. [PMID: 35082268 PMCID: PMC8792001 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate immune abnormalities in the pathophysiology of severe mental disorders (SMD) and comorbid mental disorders. Here, we use the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of autoimmune diseases and mental phenotypes associated with SMD to disentangle genetic susceptibilities of immune abnormalities in SMD. We included 1004 patients with SMD and 947 healthy controls (HC) and measured plasma levels of IL-1Ra, sIL-2R, gp130, sTNFR-1, IL-18, APRIL, and ICAM-1. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) of six autoimmune disorders, CRP, and 10 SMD-related mental phenotypes were calculated from GWAS. General linear models were applied to assess the association of PRS with immune marker abnormalities. We found negative associations between PRS of educational attainment and IL-1Ra (P = 0.01) and IL-18 (P = 0.01). There were nominal positive associations between PRS of psoriasis and sgp130 (P = 0.02) and PRS of anxiety and IL-18 (P = 0.03), and nominal negative associations between PRS of anxiety and sIL-2R (P = 0.02) and PRS of educational attainment and sIL-2R (P = 0.03). Associations explained minor amounts of the immune marker plasma-level difference between SMD and HC. Different PRS and immune marker associations in the SMD group compared to HC were shown for PRS of extraversion and IL-1Ra ([interaction effect (IE), P = 0.002), and nominally for PRS of openness and IL-1Ra (IE, P = 0.02) and sTNFR-1 (IE, P = 0.04). Our findings indicate polygenic susceptibilities to immune abnormalities in SMD involving genetic overlap with SMD-related mental phenotypes and psoriasis. Associations might suggest immune genetic factors of SMD subgroups characterized by autoimmune or specific mental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Katrine Verena Wirgenes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital, Graalum, Norway
| | | | - Marit Haram
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Khalfallah O, Barbosa S, Martinuzzi E, Davidovic L, Yolken R, Glaichenhaus N. Monitoring inflammation in psychiatry: Caveats and advice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 54:126-135. [PMID: 34607723 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most researchers working in the field of immunopsychiatry would agree with the statement that "severe psychiatric disorders are associated with inflammation and more broadly with changes in immune variables". However, as many other fields in biology and medicine, immunopsychiatry suffers from a replication crisis characterized by lack of reproducibility. In this paper, we will comment on four types of immune variables which have been studied in psychiatric disorders: Acute Phase Proteins (AAPs), cytokines, lipid mediators of inflammation and immune cell parameters, and discuss the rationale for looking at them in blood. We will briefly describe the analytical methods that are currently used to measure the levels of these biomarkers and comment on overlooked analytical and statistical methodological issues that may explain some of the conflicting data reported in the literature. Lastly, we will briefly summarize what cross-sectional, longitudinal and mendelian randomization studies have brought to our understanding of schizophrenia (SZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalfallah
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Susana Barbosa
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Emanuela Martinuzzi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Robert Yolken
- John Hopkins School of Medicine, The John Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, United States
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.
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32
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Hale J, Hughes K, Hall S, Labens R. Effects of Production Method and Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles on Cytokine Concentrations and Microbial Contamination in Equine Autologous Conditioned Serum. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:759828. [PMID: 34901249 PMCID: PMC8656450 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.759828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a common intra-articular treatment for osteoarthritis in horses. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of ACS preparation method on product contamination and concentrations of relevant cytokines and the influence of multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Blood was obtained from 10 healthy Thoroughbred horses and processed in parallel using a commercial and a non-commercial method to obtain ACS. Fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) analysis was performed to quantify Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in ACS obtained by both production methods. Effect of 3, 4 and 5 freeze/thaw cycles on concentrations of IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α were assessed against baseline samples (2 cycles) in commercial ACS products. Standard aerobic and anaerobic culture methods were applied to both ACS products. Mixed effect one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the two ACS production method for each cytokine. Repeated measures, mixed effect ANOVA were used to assess the effect of freeze/thaw on cytokine concentrations. Significance was set at P < 0.05. There was no difference in cytokine concentration between production methods (IL-1Ra P = 0.067, IL-1β P = 0.752, IL-10 P = 0.211 and TNF-α P = 0.25). Microbial growth was only observed in two samples obtained using the commercial production method. When compared to baseline, IL-1Ra concentration was decreased following the 5th freeze/thaw cycle (P < 0.001). These results suggest that the concentration of important cytokines are not influenced by ACS production method. When storing ACS samples for future use, freeze/thaw cycles associated with standard clinical practice are unlikely to influence cytokine concentrations. However, the lack of outcome measures associated with 1 or 2 freeze/thaw cycles represents a limitation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Hale
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristopher Hughes
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Hall
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences Department, Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Labens
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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33
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Scheurer J, Kitt K, Huber HJ, Fundel-Clemens K, Pflanz S, Debatin KM, Strauss G. Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prevention by In Vitro-Generated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Is Exclusively Mediated by the CD11b+CD11c+ MDSC Subpopulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754316. [PMID: 34721430 PMCID: PMC8551363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitor cells that dampen overwhelming adaptive immune responses through multiple mechanisms and are recognized as an attractive novel immune intervention therapy for counteracting the destructive effects of graft-
versus
-host disease (GVHD) developing after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). MDSCs can be produced in great numbers for cellular therapy, but they present a mixture of subsets whose functions in GVHD prevention are undefined. Here, we generated MDSCs in vitro from murine BM cells in the presence of GM-CSF and defined the integrin CD11c as a marker to subdivide MDSCs into two functional subgroups: CD11b+CD11c+ and CD11b+CD11c− MDSCs. Isolated CD11b+CD11c+ and CD11b+CD11c− MDSCs both inhibited alloantigen-stimulated T-cell proliferation in vitro, although CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs were more efficient and expressed higher levels of different immunosuppressive molecules. Likewise, expression of surface markers such as MHC class II, CD80, CD86, or PD-L1 further delineated both subsets. Most importantly, only the adoptive transfer of CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs into a single MHC class I-disparate allogeneic BMT model prevented GVHD development and strongly decreased disease-induced mortality, while CD11b+CD11c− MDSCs were totally ineffective. Surprisingly, allogeneic T-cell homing and expansion in lymphatic and GVHD target organs were not affected by cotransplanted CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs indicating a clear contradiction between in vitro and in vivo functions of MDSCs. However, CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs shifted immune responses towards type 2 immunity reflected by increased Th2-specific cytokine expression of allogeneic T cells. Induction of type 2 immunity was mandatory for GVHD prevention, since CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs were ineffective if recipients were reconstituted with STAT6-deficient T cells unable to differentiate into Th2 cells. Most importantly, the beneficial graft-
versus
-tumor (GVT) effect was maintained in the presence of CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs since syngeneic tumor cells were efficiently eradicated. Strong differences in the transcriptomic landscape of both subpopulations underlined their functional differences. Defining CD11b+CD11c+ MDSCs as the subset of in vitro-generated MDSCs able to inhibit GVHD development might help to increase efficiency of MDSC therapy and to further delineate relevant target molecules and signaling pathways responsible for GVHD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kitt
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,Drug Discovery Services, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna (RCV) GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fundel-Clemens
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Pflanz
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun Strauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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34
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Lindbergh CA, Asken BM, Casaletto KB, Elahi FM, Goldberger LA, Fonseca C, You M, Apple AC, Staffaroni AM, Fitch R, Rivera Contreras W, Wang P, Karydas A, Kramer JH. Interbatch Reliability of Blood-Based Cytokine and Chemokine Measurements in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1954-1961. [PMID: 34110415 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-based inflammatory markers hold considerable promise for diagnosis and prognostication of age-related neurodegenerative disease, though a paucity of research has empirically tested how reliably they can be measured across different experimental runs ("batches"). We quantified the interbatch reliability of 13 cytokines and chemokines in a cross-sectional study of 92 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 74; 48% female). Plasma aliquots from the same blood draw were parallelly processed in 2 separate batches using the same analytic platform and procedures (high-performance electrochemiluminescence by Meso Scale Discovery). Interbatch correlations (Pearson's r) ranged from small and nonsignificant (r = .13 for macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha [MIP-1α]) to very large (r > .90 for interferon gamma [IFNγ], interleukin-10 [IL-10], interferon gamma-induced protein 10 [IP-10], MIP-1β, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine [TARC]) with most markers falling somewhere in between (.67 ≤ r ≤ .90 for IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], MCP-4, macrophage-derived chemokine [MDC]). All markers, except for IL-6 and MCP-4, showed significant differences in absolute values between batches, with discrepancies ranging in effect size (Cohen's d) from small to moderate (0.2 ≤ |d| ≤ 0.5 for IL-10, IP-10, MDC) to large or very large (0.68 ≤ |d| ≤ 1.5 for IFNγ, TNF-α, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TARC). Relatively consistent associations with external variables of interest (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cognition) were observed across batches. Taken together, our results suggest heterogeneity in measurement reliability of blood-based cytokines and chemokines, with some analytes outperforming others. Future work is needed to evaluate the generalizability of these findings while identifying potential sources of batch effect measurement error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cutter A Lindbergh
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Breton M Asken
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Lauren A Goldberger
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Corrina Fonseca
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Michelle You
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Alexandra C Apple
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Adam M Staffaroni
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Ryan Fitch
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Will Rivera Contreras
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Paul Wang
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, USA
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35
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Liu C, Chu D, Kalantar‐Zadeh K, George J, Young HA, Liu G. Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004433. [PMID: 34114369 PMCID: PMC8336501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification of cytokines has significant value in both clinical medicine and biology as the levels provide insights into physiological and pathological processes and can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment. Cytokines and their clinical significance are introduced from the perspective of their pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Factors affecting cytokines quantification in biological fluids, native levels in different body fluids, sample processing and storage conditions, sensitivity to freeze-thaw, and soluble cytokine receptors are discussed. In addition, recent advances in in vitro and in vivo assays, biosensors based on different signal outputs and intracellular to extracellular protein expression are summarized. Various quantification platforms for high-sensitivity and reliable measurement of cytokines in different scenarios are discussed, and commercially available cytokine assays are compared. A discussion of challenges in the development and advancement of technologies for cytokine quantification that aim to achieve real-time multiplex cytokine analysis for point-of-care situations applicable for both biomedical research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Dewei Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | | | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver CentreWestmead Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyWestmead HospitalWestmeadNSW2145Australia
| | - Howard A. Young
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunometabolismCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMD21702USA
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172P. R. China
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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36
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Liu G, Jiang C, Lin X, Yang Y. Point-of-care detection of cytokines in cytokine storm management and beyond: Significance and challenges. VIEW 2021; 2:20210003. [PMID: 34766163 PMCID: PMC8242812 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are signaling molecules between cells in immune system. Cytokine storm, due to the sudden acute increase in levels of pro-inflammatory circulating cytokines, can result in disease severity and major-organ damage. Thus, there is urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive, and specific methods for monitoring of cytokines in biology and medicine. Undoubtedly, point-of-care testing (POCT) will provide clinical significance in disease early diagnosis, management, and prevention. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest technologies for detection of cytokines with a focus on POCT. The overview of diseases resulting from imbalanced cytokine levels, such as COVID-19, sepsis and other cytokine release syndromes are presented. The clinical cut-off levels of cytokine as biomarkers for different diseases are summarized. The challenges and perspectives on the development of cytokine POCT devices are also proposed and discussed. Cytokine POCT devices are expected to be the ongoing spotlight of disease management and prevention during COVID-19 pandemic and also the post COVID-19 pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172P.R. China
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesJohn Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 9DUUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiaoting Lin
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life and Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen518172P.R. China
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37
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Williams ME, Stein DJ, Joska JA, Naudé PJW. Cerebrospinal fluid immune markers and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments: A systematic review. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577649. [PMID: 34280844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 is responsible for the development of a spectrum of cognitive impairments known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HAND remains prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH), despite low or undetectable viral loads. Persistent neuroinflammation likely plays an important role in the contributing biological mechanisms. Multiple cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune markers have been studied but it is unclear which markers most consistently correlate with neurocognitive impairment. We therefore conducted a systematic review of studies of the association of CSF immune markers with neurocognitive performance in ART-experienced PLWH. We aimed to synthesize the published data to determine consistent findings and to indicate the most noteworthy CSF markers of HAND. Twenty-nine studies were included, with 20 cross-sectional studies and 9 longitudinal studies. From the group of markers most often assayed, specific monocyte activation (higher levels of Neopterin, sCD163, sCD14) and neuroinflammatory markers (higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-7, IL-8, sTNFR-II and lower levels of IL-6) showed a consistent direction in association with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment. Furthermore, significant differences exist in CSF immune markers between HIV-positive people with and without neurocognitive impairment, regardless of viral load and nadir/current CD4+ count. These markers may be useful in furthering our understanding of the neuropathology, diagnosis and prognosis of HAND. Studies using prospective designs (i.e. pre- and post-interventions), "multi-modal" methods (e.g. imaging, inflammation and neurocognitive evaluations) and utilizing a combination of the markers most commonly associated with HAND may help delineate the mechanisms of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monray E Williams
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John A Joska
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Breslin AW, Limkakeng AT, Silvius E, Staton CA, Almond C, Joshi MB, Adams B, Johnston B, McGowan L, Kirk AD, Elster E. Immune response profiling in patients with traumatic injuries associated with alcohol ingestion. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1791-1798. [PMID: 33932089 PMCID: PMC8504819 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries afflict more than 5 million people globally every year. Current and past animal research has demonstrated association among alcohol, trauma, and impaired immune function, whereas human registries have shown association between alcohol and morbidity as well as mortality. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the immune interactions with alcohol in traumatically injured patients. We prospectively enrolled 379 patients after trauma at three medical centers in the Surgical Critical Care Initiative. Plasma was analyzed using Luminex for up to 35 different cytokines. Collected samples were grouped by patients with detectable plasma alcohol levels versus those without. Univariate testing determined differences in analytes between groups. We built Bayesian belief networks with multiple minimum descriptive lengths to compare the two groups. All 379 patient samples were analyzed. Two hundred eighty-two (74.4%) patients were men, and 143 (37.7%) were White. Patients had a median intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) of 5.8 days and hospital LOS of 12 days. Using single variate analyses, eight different cytokines were differentially associated with alcohol. Cytokines IL-12 and IL-6 were important nodes in both models and IL-10 was a prominent node in the nonalcohol model. This study found select immune function differed between traumatically injured patients with measurable serum alcohol levels as compared with those without. Traumatically injured patients with positive blood alcohol content appear less able to inhibit inflammatory stress. Alcohol appears to suppress pro-inflammatory IL-12 and IL-6, whereas patients without alcohol have greater levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expressed at injury and may better regulate anti-inflammatory pathways. Future studies should determine the relationship with these markers with clinically oriented outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Breslin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander T Limkakeng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Silvius
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,DecisionQ, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Catherine A Staton
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chandra Almond
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary-Beth Joshi
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bartley Adams
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bria Johnston
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren McGowan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Elster
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Norman M. Rich Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Mahler M, Meroni PL, Infantino M, Buhler KA, Fritzler MJ. Circulating Calprotectin as a Biomarker of COVID-19 Severity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:431-443. [PMID: 33750254 PMCID: PMC8054493 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1905526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although demographic and clinical parameters such as sex, age, comorbidities, genetic background and various biomarkers have been identified as risk factors, there is an unmet need to predict the risk and onset of severe inflammatory disease leading to poor clinical outcomes. In addition, very few mechanistic biomarkers are available to inform targeted treatment of severe (auto)-inflammatory conditions associated with COVID-19. Calprotectin, also known as S100A8/S100A9, MRP8/14 (Myeloid-Related Protein) or L1, is a heterodimer involved in neutrophil-related inflammatory processes. In COVID-19 patients, calprotectin levels were reported to be associated with poor clinical outcomes such as significantly reduced survival time, especially in patients with severe pulmonary disease. AREAS COVERED Pubmed was searched using the following keywords: Calprotectin + COVID19, S100A8/A9 + COVID19, S100A8 + COVID-19, S100A9 + COVID-19, MRP8/14 + COVID19; L1 + COVID-19 between May 2020 and 8 March 2021. The results summarized in this review provide supporting evidence and propose future directions that define calprotectin as an important biomarker in COVID-19. EXPERT OPINION Calprotectin represents a promising serological biomarker for the risk assessment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mahler
- Research and Development, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pier-Luigi Meroni
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Infantino
- Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Rheumatology Unit, S. Giovanni Di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Katherine A. Buhler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Numis AL, Fox CH, Lowenstein DJ, Norris PJ, Di Germanio C. Comparison of multiplex cytokine assays in a pediatric cohort with epilepsy. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06445. [PMID: 33748497 PMCID: PMC7966851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiplex analyses allow for detection of dozens of cytokines/chemokines in small sample volumes. Although several commercially available assay kits are available, there are no comparative data in plasma measurements among pediatric or epilepsy cohorts. New method Cohort study of 38 children with epilepsy. We evaluated plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines using three different assays: Luminex® xMAP high-sensitivity (HS) and standard-sensitivity (SS) assays, and Meso-Scale Discovery (MSD). We calculated recovery rates of each analyte, correlation coefficients between assays, and level of agreement between measurements. We repeated analyses in a subset of samples after a single freeze-thaw cycle. Results Among ten analytes common to all assays, HS had high recovery (<15% of values extrapolated or out-of- range [OOR]) for all analytes, SS for 50%, and MSD for 40%. While several analytes had a high correlation between assays, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated assays were not interchangeable. For most analytes, a single freeze-thaw cycle decreased cytokines/chemokine measurements. There was good correlation of measurements after a freeze-thaw cycle with acceptable agreement between measurements for six of 13 (46%) analytes using HS, one of 9 (11%) for SS, and none for MSD. Comparison with existing methods HS assays may optimize yield in plasma for proteins of particular interest in epilepsy research, limit values extrapolated beyond the standard curve, and improve precision compared to other SS and MSD assays. Conclusion Our results demonstrate assay choice may be critical to study results and support the need for a standardized approach to biomarker assessment across epilepsy research and other domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Numis
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology & Pediatrics, 675 Nelson Rising Lange, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Christine H Fox
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology & Pediatrics, 675 Nelson Rising Lange, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | | | - Philip J Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417 USA.,Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417 USA
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Márquez-García JE, Hernández-Doño S, Ceja-Mendoza ML, Pedraza-Jiménez ML, García-Rivas M, Martínez-Escobar L, Fragoso-Sánchez A, Miranda de la Cruz LF, Granados J. Cytokines and growth factors in a biologic product obtained from patients' urine as immune-modulators to treat autoimmune and allergic diseases. Cytokine 2021; 141:155427. [PMID: 33581472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
At "Instituto de Alergias y Autoinmunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda, A.C." in Mexico City, a non-traditional health care center focused on the treatment of autoimmune and allergic diseases using personalized medicine, an alternative treatment referred to as an "immune-modulator" has been developed. In this study, we will refer to this treatment substance as the "immune-modulator." In brief, a urine sample is collected from the patient and processed to obtain the peptide fraction, which is conditioned and then administered sublingually to the patient. Sample processing involves multiple steps aimed at the removal of toxic compounds and enrichment for cytokines, growth factors, and other immune peptides that may contribute to the function of the immune-modulator. This treatment has been administered for many years, and patients testify that it is useful and reliable. Despite the benefits of this treatment, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aims to identify immunoregulatory peptides, such as cytokines and growth factors, in the immune-modulator. Urine and immune-modulator concentrations of cytokines and growth factors were assessed using a Luminex assay. Twenty-one cytokines and growth factors were identified in immune-modulator samples. MCP-1 was identified in 100% of the samples; MIP-1β, IL-8, RANTES, INF-γ, and IP-10 were identified in approximately 65-70% of samples; IL5, IL-1B, and IL-17 in 50-60%; eotaxin, VEGF, IL-6, and FGF in about 40%; MIP-1α, IL-9, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-12, and IL-15 in about 20-30%; and IL-13 and PDGF-bb were identified in <6% of samples. Additionally, patients exhibited significant changes in IL-1β, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 concentrations after treatment with the immune-modulator, whereas healthy individuals showed no significant change in response to the treatment. The immune-modulator is an alternative treatment based on the administration of cytokines and growth factors obtained from the urine of patients. In this study, its composition was characterized. The isolated products could be responsible for the effects of the immune-modulator. Further trials are required to evaluate the effective delivery of these molecules by the administration route described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Márquez-García
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Hernández-Doño
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; Transplant Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - M L Ceja-Mendoza
- Instituto de Alergias y Autoimunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda A.C, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - M L Pedraza-Jiménez
- Instituto de Alergias y Autoimunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda A.C, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - M García-Rivas
- Instituto de Alergias y Autoimunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda A.C, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - L Martínez-Escobar
- Instituto de Alergias y Autoimunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda A.C, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - A Fragoso-Sánchez
- Instituto de Alergias y Autoimunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda A.C, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - L F Miranda de la Cruz
- Instituto de Alergias y Autoimunidad Dr. Maximiliano Ruiz Castañeda A.C, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - J Granados
- Transplant Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Reuschel E, Toelge M, Haeusler S, Deml L, Seelbach-Goebel B, Solano ME. Perinatal Gram-Positive Bacteria Exposure Elicits Distinct Cytokine Responses In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E332. [PMID: 33396944 PMCID: PMC7795300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, infections caused by the gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus agalacticae (S. agalacticae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are major reasons for preterm labor, neonatal prematurity, meningitis, or sepsis. Here, we propose cytokine responses to bacterial infections by the immature perinatal immune system as central players in the pathogenesis of preterm birth and neonatal sepsis. We aimed to close the gap in knowledge about such cytokine responses by stimulating freshly isolated umbilical blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) with lysates of E. faecalis, S. agalacticae, and S. aureus collected from pregnant women in preterm labor. Bacterial lysates and, principally, S. aureus and S. agalacticae distinctly triggered most of the eleven inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, TH1/TH2 cytokines, and chemokines quantified in UBMC culture media. Chemokines depicted the most robust induction. Among them, MIP-1β was further enhanced in UBMC from female compered to male newborn infants. Due to its stability and high levels, we investigated the diagnostic value of IL-8. IL-8 was critically upregulated in cord blood of preterm neonates suffering from infections compared to gestational age-matched controls. Our results provide novel clues about perinatal immunity, underscoring a potential value of IL-8 for the timely detection of infections and suggesting that MIP-1β constitutes an early determinant of sex-specific immunity, which may contribute, e.g., to male's vulnerability to preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Reuschel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Sebastian Haeusler
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Ludwig Deml
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Birgit Seelbach-Goebel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany; (S.H.); (B.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Measurable Cytokine Concentrations in Pig Seminal Plasma Are Modified by Semen Handling and Storage. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090276. [PMID: 32906591 PMCID: PMC7565580 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sample handling and storing are critical steps for the reliable measurement of circulating biomolecules in biological fluids. This study evaluates how cytokine measurements in pig seminal plasma (SP) vary depending on semen handling and SP storage. Thirteen cytokines (GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 and TNFα) were measured using Luminex xMAP® technology in individual seminal plasma (SP) samples (n = 62) from healthy breeding boars. Three separate experiments explored the delay (2 h and 24 h) in SP collection after ejaculation (Experiment 1) and SP storage, either short-term (5 °C, −20 °C and −80 °C for 72 h, Experiment 2) or long-term (at −20 °C and −80 °C for two months, Experiment 3), before analysis. Levels in fresh SP-samples were used as baseline control values. Delays in SP harvesting of up to 24 h did not substantially impact SP cytokine measurements. Some cytokines showed instability in stored SP samples, mainly in long-term storage. Ideally, cytokines in pig SP should be measured in fresh samples harvested within 24 h after ejaculation. If storage of SP is imperative, storage conditions should be adjusted for each cytokine.
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Salazar-Camarena DC, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Cruz A, Marín-Rosales M, Muñoz-Valle JF. Analysis of the receptor BCMA as a biomarker in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6236. [PMID: 32277232 PMCID: PMC7148319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) play central roles in B cell development and maturation. Soluble forms of their receptors can be generated by proteolytic cleavage; however, their physiological and clinical roles are unknown. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the receptor soluble B cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) and clinical variables in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA for 129 SLE patients and 34 healthy controls (HCs), and the expression of the receptor BCMA was evaluated on B and plasma cells from 40 subjects. SLE patients showed aberrant expression of the receptor BCMA on B and plasma cells. Soluble levels of the receptor sBCMA and its ligands sAPRIL and sBAFF were increased in SLE patients compared with HCs. Additionally, sBCMA (rs = 0.6177) and sAPRIL (rs = 0.4952) correlated strongly with disease activity. Active SLE patients who achieved low disease activity showed decreased sBCMA (53.30 vs 35.30 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and sBAFF (4.48 vs 2.27 ng/mL; p < 0.05) serum levels after treatment, while sAPRIL expression remained unchanged. At a cutoff value of 22.40 ng/mL, sAPRIL showed high sensitivity (96.12%) and specificity (94.12%) for discrimination between HCs and SLE patients, while sBAFF showed lower sensitivity (82.2%) but higher specificity (94.1%) at a cutoff of 1.195 ng/mL. Relatively high levels of sAPRIL and sBCMA clustered active SLE patients. The receptor sBCMA could be a potential biomarker of disease activity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Department of Rheumatology, West Medical Hospital, Ministry of Health, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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