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Dewey HM, Lamb A, Budhathoki-Uprety J. Recent advances on applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes as cutting-edge optical nanosensors for biosensing technologies. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39157856 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess outstanding photophysical properties which has garnered interest towards utilizing these materials for biosensing and imaging applications. The near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence within the tissue transparent region along with their photostability and sizes in the nanoscale make SWCNTs valued candidates for the development of optical sensors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development and the applications of SWCNT-based nano-biosensors. An overview of SWCNT's structural and photophysical properties, sensor development, and sensing mechanisms are described. Examples of SWCNT-based optical nanosensors for detection of disease biomarkers, pathogens (bacteria and viruses), plant stressors, and environmental contaminants including heavy metals and disinfectants are provided. Molecular detection in biofluids, in vitro, and in vivo (small animal models and plants) are highlighted, and sensor integration into portable substrates for implantable and wearable sensing devices has been discussed. Recent advancements, which include high throughput assays and the use of machine learning models to predict more sensitive and robust sensing outcomes are discussed. Current limitations and future perspectives on translation of SWCNT optical probes into clinical practices have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Dewey
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Ashley Lamb
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Januka Budhathoki-Uprety
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Aflouk Y, Saoud H, Inoubli O, Yacoub S, Zaafrane F, Gaha L, Bel Hadj Jrad B. TLR4 Polymorphisms (T399I/D299G) Association with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in a Tunisian Population. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2418-2436. [PMID: 37947916 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation has been widely described in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Particularly, TLR4-altered activation was proposed as one of the underlying processes of psychosis onset. Since TLR4 activation was altered by T399I and D299G polymorphisms, we hypothesized that those variants could present common genetic factors of SCZ and BD. A total of 293 healthy volunteers and 335 psychotic patients were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Genotype, allele, and haplotype distribution between controls and patients were evaluated according to clinical parameters. Statistical analyses were adjusted by logistic regression. In dominant model, T399I CT + TT and allele frequency were significantly higher in controls compared to psychotic population (p = 0.004, p = 0.002, respectively), SCZ (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively), and BD (p = 0.03, p = 0.02, respectively). Similarly, D299G AG + GG and allele frequency were significantly higher in controls compared to psychotic population (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, respectively) and SCZ (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). T399I CT + TT and T allele were overrepresented in controls compared to paranoid subgroup (Padjusted = 0.04, p = 0.04, respectively) and type I BD (p = 0.04). Moreover, T399I and D299G were less prevalent in SCZ late-onset age (p = 0.03, p = 0.02, respectively). TA haplotype was associated with protection from psychoses (p = 0.02) and particularly from schizophrenia (p = 0.04). In conclusion, TLR4 polymorphisms could present a preventive genetic background against psychoses onset in a Tunisian population. While T399I could be associated with protection against SCZ and BD, presenting an overlapping genetic factor between those psychoses, D299G was suggested to be associated with protection only from schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Aflouk
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources GBVB (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir (ISBM), University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Haded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Hana Saoud
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources GBVB (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir (ISBM), University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Haded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Inoubli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources GBVB (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir (ISBM), University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Haded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Yacoub
- Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, University Hospital Farhat Hached, 4000, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Zaafrane
- Department of Psychiatry and Vulnerability to Psychoses Laboratory-CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry and Vulnerability to Psychoses Laboratory-CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Besma Bel Hadj Jrad
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources GBVB (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir (ISBM), University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Haded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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Lu S, Di John Portela I, Martino N, Bossardi Ramos R, Salinero AE, Smith RM, Zuloaga KL, Adam AP. A transient brain endothelial translatome response to endotoxin is associated with mild cognitive changes post-shock in young mice. Neuroscience 2024; 555:194-204. [PMID: 39067684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is associated with increased risk of long-term cognitive impairment. SAE is driven, at least in part, by brain endothelial dysfunction in response to systemic cytokine signaling. However, the mechanisms driving SAE and its consequences remain largely unknown. Here, we performed translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-sequencing (TRAP-seq) from the brain endothelium to determine the transcriptional changes after an acute endotoxemic (LPS) challenge. LPS induced a strong acute transcriptional response in the brain endothelium that partially correlates with the whole brain transcriptional response and suggested an endothelial-specific hypoxia response. Consistent with a crucial role for IL-6, loss of the main regulator of this pathway, SOCS3, leads to a broadening of the population of genes responsive to LPS, suggesting that an overactivation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway leads to an increased transcriptional response that could explain our prior findings of severe brain injury in these mice. To identify any potential sequelae of this acute response, we performed brain TRAP-seq following a battery of behavioral tests in mice after apparent recovery. We found that the transcriptional response returns to baseline within days post-challenge, but reductions in gene expression regulating protein translation and respiratory electron transport remained. We observed that mice that recovered from the endotoxemic shock showed mild, sex-dependent cognitive impairment, suggesting that the acute brain injury led to sustained effects. A better understanding of the transcriptional and non-transcriptional changes in response to shock is needed in order to prevent and/or revert the devastating consequences of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Iria Di John Portela
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Nina Martino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Ramon Bossardi Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, United States.
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Kutuk MO, Tufan AE, Kilicaslan F, Gokcen C, Aksu GG, Yektas C, Kandemir H, Celik F, Mutluer T, Buber A, Karadag M, Coban N, Coskun S, Hangul Z, Altintas E, Acikbas U, Giray A, Aka Y, Basturk B, Kutuk O. Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15101. [PMID: 38956051 PMCID: PMC11219894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of tic disorders (TDs) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence suggest involvement of the immune system in pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with TD and compare them with those of healthy controls. Furthermore, we also evaluated their association with clinical variables in the TD group. Within the study period, 88 children with tic disorders and 111 healthy control children were enrolled. Most children with tic disorders were diagnosed with Tourette's disorder (n = 47, 53.4%) or persistent motor tic disorder (n = 39, 44.3%), while the remainder (n = 2, 2.3%) were diagnosed with persistent vocal tic disorder. We found that children with tic disorders had significantly elevated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-4 expression, while we detected lower expression levels of IL-17 in children with tic disorders. Our findings provide a molecular landscape of cytokine expression in children with TD, which may suggest a proinflammatory state not affected by the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity. Delineating the contribution of alterations in the immune system to the pathogenesis of tic disorders may pave the way for better therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ozlem Kutuk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University School of Medicine, Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant Izzet, Baysal University School of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fethiye Kilicaslan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Cem Gokcen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulen Guler Aksu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Yektas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Celik
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karadag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Coban
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyma Coskun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Private Practice, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zehra Hangul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ebru Altintas
- Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University School of Medicine, Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Asli Giray
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Aka
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilkay Basturk
- Department of Immunology, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pan X, Haishaer D, Liu M, Zhou S, Na H, Zhao H. Diagnostic, monitoring, and prognostic value of combined detection of cerebrospinal fluid heparin-binding protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and procalcitonin for post-neurosurgical intracranial infection. Cytokine 2024; 179:156593. [PMID: 38581866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracranial infection is a common complication after neurosurgery and can increase the length of hospital stay, affect patient prognosis, and increase mortality. We aimed to investigate the value of the combined detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) heparin-binding protein (HBP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and procalcitonin (PCT) for post-neurosurgical intracranial infection. METHODS This study assessed the diagnostic values of CSF HBP, IL-6, IL-10, PCT levels, and combined assays for post-neurosurgical intracranial infection with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by retrospectively analysing biomarkers of post-neurosurgical patients. RESULTS The CSF HBP, IL-6, IL-10, and PCT levels were significantly higher in the infected group than the uninfected group and the control group (P < 0.001). The indicators in the groups with severe intracranial infections were significantly higher than those in the groups with mild intracranial infections (P < 0.001), and the groups with poor prognoses had significantly higher indexes than the groups with good prognoses. According to the ROC curve display, the AUC values of CSF HBP, IL-6, IL-10, and PCT were 0.977 (95 % CI 0.952-1.000), 0.973 (95 % CI 0.949-0.998), 0.884 (95 % CI 0.823-0.946), and 0.819 (95 % CI 0.733-0.904), respectively. The AUC of the combined test was 0.996 (95 % CI 0.989-1.000), which was higher than those of the four indicators alone. CONCLUSION The combined detection can be an important indicator for the diagnosis and disease monitoring of post-neurosurgical intracranial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medical, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Laboratory Medical, Puwan Campus of the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 378 West of Shiji Road, Dalian 116101, China
| | - Dina Haishaer
- Department of Laboratory Medical, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medical, Linfen Central Hospital, 17 Jiefangxi Road, Raodu District, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medical, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Heya Na
- Department of Laboratory Medical, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medical, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, 33 Wenyi Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Rice M, Nuovo GJ, Sawant D, Mishra A, Tili E. Comparison of Neuroinflammation Induced by Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein Versus Ab42 in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4589-4601. [PMID: 38105410 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Both neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques are associated with inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their relative degree of induced neuroinflammation, however, is not well established. Mouse models of AD that expressed either human Aβ42 (n = 7) or human hyperphosphorylated tau protein alone (n = 3), wild type (n = 10), and human AD samples (n = 29 with 18 controls) were studied. The benefit of using mouse models that possess only human tau or amyloid-b is that it allows for the individual evaluation of how each protein affects neuroinflammation, something not possible in human tissue. Three indicators of neuroinflammation were examined: TLRs/RIG1 expression, the density of astrocytes and microglial cells, and well-established mediators of neuroinflammation (IL6, TNFα, IL1β, and CXCL10). There was a statistically significant increase in neuroinflammation with all three variables in the mouse models with human tau only as compared to human Aβ42 only or wild-type mice (each at p < 0.0001). Only the Aβ42 5xFAD mice (n = 4) showed statistically higher neuroinflammation versus wild type (p = 0.0030). The human AD tissues were segregated into Aβ42 only or hyperphosphorylated tau protein with Aβ42. The latter areas showed increased neuroinflammation with each of the three variables compared to the areas with only Aβ42. Of the TLRs and RIG-1, TLR8 was significantly elevated in both the mouse model and human AD and only in areas with the abnormal tau protein. It is concluded that although Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau protein can each induce inflammation, the latter protein is associated with a much stronger neuroinflammatory response vis-a-vis a significantly greater activated microglial response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kerkis I, da Silva ÁP, Araldi RP. The impact of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and mesenchymal stem cell-derived IL-6 on neurological conditions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400533. [PMID: 39015561 PMCID: PMC11249726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a versatile cytokine crucial for immune response modulation, inflammation regulation, and various physiological processes in the body. Its wide-ranging functions underscore its importance in maintaining health. Dysregulated IL-6 is closely associated with many diseases, making it a key research and therapeutic target. Elevated IL-6 levels in the central nervous system worsen neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases by activating microglia and astrocytes and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic molecules. Moreover, dysregulated IL-6 weakens the blood-brain barrier, exacerbating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by allowing peripheral immune cells and inflammatory mediators to enter the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise in modulating neuroinflammation by regulating IL-6 levels. They effectively suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, while promoting anti-inflammatory factors. This therapeutic approach highlights the importance of targeting IL-6 and other inflammatory mediators to alleviate neuroinflammation and its adverse effects on neurological disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IL-6's involvement in neurological disorders, examining endogenous IL-6 and IL-6 derived from MSCs. We explore IL-6's mechanisms affecting neuronal function, survival, and immune modulation in the central nervous system. Additionally, we discuss the potential of MSC-derived IL-6 in neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. By elucidating IL-6's interplay with neurological pathologies, this review offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting IL-6 signaling pathways for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kerkis
- Genetics Laboratory, Center of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Prieto da Silva
- Genetics Laboratory, Center of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- BioDecision Analytics Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Structural and Functional Biology, Paulista School of Medicine Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Mohamed HRH, Farouk AH, Elbasiouni SH, Nasif KA, Safwat G. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles ameliorates calcium hydroxide and calcium titanate nanoparticles induced genomic DNA and mitochondrial damage, ROS generation and inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13015. [PMID: 38844752 PMCID: PMC11156978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2NPs), calcium titanate (CaTiO3NPs) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3NPs) nanoparticles are prevalent in many industries, including food and medicine, but their small size raises concerns about potential cellular damage and genotoxic effects. However, there are very limited studies available on their genotoxic effects. Hence, this was done to investigate the effects of multiple administration of Ca(OH)2NPs, CaTiO3NPs or/and Y2O3NPs on genomic DNA stability, mitochondrial membrane potential integrity and inflammation induction in mouse brain tissues. Mice were orally administered Ca(OH)2NPs, CaTiO3NPs or/and Y2O3NPs at a dose level of 50 mg/kg b.w three times a week for 2 weeks. Genomic DNA integrity was studied using Comet assay and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within brain cells was analyzed using 2,7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate dye. The expression level of Presenilin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes and the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane potential were also detected. Oral administration of Ca(OH)2NPs caused the highest damage to genomic DNA and mitochondrial membrane potential, less genomic DNA and mitochondrial damage was induced by CaTiO3NPs administration while administration of Y2O3NPs did not cause any remarkable change in the integrity of genomic DNA and mitochondrial membrane potential. Highest ROS generation and upregulation of presenilin-1, TNF-α and IL-6 genes were also observed within the brain cells of mice administrated Ca(OH)2NPs but Y2O3NPs administration almost caused no changes in ROS generation and genes expression compared to the negative control. Administration of CaTiO3NPs alone slightly increased ROS generation and the expression level of TNF-α and IL-6 genes. Moreover, no remarkable changes in the integrity of genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA potential, ROS level and the expression level of presenilin-1, TNF-α and IL-6 genes were noticed after simultaneous coadministration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs. Coadministration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs mitigated Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs induced ROS generation, genomic DNA damage and inflammation along with restoring the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential through Y2O3NPs scavenging free radicals ability. Therefore, further studies are recommended to study the possibility of using Y2O3NPs to alleviate Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs induced genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Farouk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 Ocober, Egypt
| | - Salma H Elbasiouni
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 Ocober, Egypt
| | - Kirolls A Nasif
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 Ocober, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6 Ocober, Egypt
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Gober IG, Russell AL, Shick TJ, Vagni VA, Carlson JC, Kochanek PM, Wagner AK. Exploratory assessment of the effect of systemic administration of soluble glycoprotein 130 on cognitive performance and chemokine levels in a mouse model of experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:149. [PMID: 38840141 PMCID: PMC11155101 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled neuroinflammation mediates traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology and impairs recovery. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic inflammatory regulator, is associated with poor clinical TBI outcomes. IL-6 operates via classical-signaling through membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and trans-signaling through soluble IL-6 receptor (s)IL-6R. IL-6 trans-signaling specifically contributes to neuropathology, making it a potential precision therapeutic TBI target. Soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) prevents IL-6 trans-signaling, sparing classical signaling, thus is a possible treatment. Mice received either controlled cortical impact (CCI) (6.0 ± 0.2 m/s; 2 mm; 50-60ms) or sham procedures. Vehicle (VEH) or sgp130-Fc was subcutaneously administered to sham (VEH or 1 µg) and CCI (VEH, 0.25 µg or 1 µg) mice on days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13 post-surgery to assess effects on cognition [Morris Water Maze (MWM)] and ipsilateral hemisphere IL-6 related biomarkers (day 21 post-surgery). CCI + sgp130-Fc groups (0.25 µg and 1 µg) were combined for analysis given similar behavior/biomarker outcomes. CCI + VEH mice had longer latencies and path lengths to the platform and increased peripheral zone time versus Sham + VEH and Sham + sgp130-Fc mice, suggesting injury-induced impairments in learning and anxiety. CCI + sgp130-Fc mice had shorter platform latencies and path lengths and had decreased peripheral zone time, indicating a therapeutic benefit of sgp130-Fc after injury on learning and anxiety. Interestingly, Sham + sgp130-Fc mice had shorter platform latencies, path lengths and peripheral zone times than Sham + VEH mice, suggesting a beneficial effect of sgp130-Fc, independent of injury. CCI + VEH mice had increased brain IL-6 and decreased sgp130 levels versus Sham + VEH and Sham + sgp130-Fc mice. There was no treatment effect on IL-6, sIL6-R or sgp130 in Sham + VEH versus Sham + sgp130-Fc mice. There was also no treatment effect on IL-6 in CCI + VEH versus CCI + sgp130-Fc mice. However, CCI + sgp130-Fc mice had increased sIL-6R and sgp130 versus CCI + VEH mice, demonstrating sgp130-Fc treatment effects on brain biomarkers. Inflammatory chemokines (MIP-1β, IP-10, MIG) were increased in CCI + VEH mice versus Sham + VEH and Sham + sgp130-Fc mice. However, CCI + sgp130-Fc mice had decreased chemokine levels versus CCI + VEH mice. IL-6 positively correlated, while sgp130 negatively correlated, with chemokine levels. Overall, we found that systemic sgp130-Fc treatment after CCI improved learning, decreased anxiety and reduced CCI-induced brain chemokines. Future studies will explore sex-specific dosing and treatment mechanisms for sgp130-Fc therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Gober
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley L Russell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler J Shick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent A Vagni
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 910, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, John G. Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Gansemer BM, Rahman MT, Zhang Z, Green SH. Spiral ganglion neuron degeneration in aminoglycoside-deafened rats involves innate and adaptive immune responses not requiring complement. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1389816. [PMID: 38840777 PMCID: PMC11151750 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1389816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) transmit auditory information from cochlear hair cells to the brain. SGNs are thus not only important for normal hearing, but also for effective functioning of cochlear implants, which stimulate SGNs when hair cells are missing. SGNs slowly degenerate following aminoglycoside-induced hair cell loss, a process thought to involve an immune response. However, the specific immune response pathways involved remain unknown. We used RNAseq to gain a deeper understanding immune-related and other transcriptomic changes that occur in the rat spiral ganglion after kanamycin-induced deafening. Among the immune and inflammatory genes that were selectively upregulated in deafened spiral ganglia, the complement cascade genes were prominent. We then assessed SGN survival, as well as immune cell numbers and activation, in the spiral ganglia of rats with a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of complement component 3 (C3). Similar to previous findings in our lab and other deafened rodent models, we observed an increase in macrophage number and increased expression of CD68, a marker of phagocytic activity and cell activation, in macrophages in the deafened ganglia. Moreover, we found an increase in MHCII expression on spiral ganglion macrophages and an increase in lymphocyte number in the deafened ganglia, suggestive of an adaptive immune response. However, C3 knockout did not affect SGN survival or increase in macrophage number/activation, implying that complement activation does not play a role in SGN death after deafening. Together, these data suggest that both innate and adaptive immune responses are activated in the deafened spiral ganglion, with the adaptive response directly contributing to cochlear neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven H. Green
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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11
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Huang KY, Upadhyay G, Ahn Y, Sakakura M, Pagan-Diaz GJ, Cho Y, Weiss AC, Huang C, Mitchell JW, Li J, Tan Y, Deng YH, Ellis-Mohr A, Dou Z, Zhang X, Kang S, Chen Q, Sweedler JV, Im SG, Bashir R, Chung HJ, Popescu G, Gillette MU, Gazzola M, Kong H. Neuronal innervation regulates the secretion of neurotrophic myokines and exosomes from skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313590121. [PMID: 38683978 PMCID: PMC11087749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313590121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Myokines and exosomes, originating from skeletal muscle, are shown to play a significant role in maintaining brain homeostasis. While exercise has been reported to promote muscle secretion, little is known about the effects of neuronal innervation and activity on the yield and molecular composition of biologically active molecules from muscle. As neuromuscular diseases and disabilities associated with denervation impact muscle metabolism, we hypothesize that neuronal innervation and firing may play a pivotal role in regulating secretion activities of skeletal muscles. We examined this hypothesis using an engineered neuromuscular tissue model consisting of skeletal muscles innervated by motor neurons. The innervated muscles displayed elevated expression of mRNAs encoding neurotrophic myokines, such as interleukin-6, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and FDNC5, as well as the mRNA of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, a key regulator of muscle metabolism. Upon glutamate stimulation, the innervated muscles secreted higher levels of irisin and exosomes containing more diverse neurotrophic microRNAs than neuron-free muscles. Consequently, biological factors secreted by innervated muscles enhanced branching, axonal transport, and, ultimately, spontaneous network activities of primary hippocampal neurons in vitro. Overall, these results reveal the importance of neuronal innervation in modulating muscle-derived factors that promote neuronal function and suggest that the engineered neuromuscular tissue model holds significant promise as a platform for producing neurotrophic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Gaurav Upadhyay
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yujin Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL60642
| | - Masayoshoi Sakakura
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Gelson J. Pagan-Diaz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Younghak Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for the Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amanda C. Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yanqi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Austin Ellis-Mohr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Zhi Dou
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Xiaotain Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Sehong Kang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL60642
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KI for the Nano Century, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL60642
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL60642
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL60642
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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13
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Primak A, Bozov K, Rubina K, Dzhauari S, Neyfeld E, Illarionova M, Semina E, Sheleg D, Tkachuk V, Karagyaur M. Morphogenetic theory of mental and cognitive disorders: the role of neurotrophic and guidance molecules. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1361764. [PMID: 38646100 PMCID: PMC11027769 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1361764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental illness and cognitive disorders represent a serious problem for the modern society. Many studies indicate that mental disorders are polygenic and that impaired brain development may lay the ground for their manifestation. Neural tissue development is a complex and multistage process that involves a large number of distant and contact molecules. In this review, we have considered the key steps of brain morphogenesis, and the major molecule families involved in these process. The review provides many indications of the important contribution of the brain development process and correct functioning of certain genes to human mental health. To our knowledge, this comprehensive review is one of the first in this field. We suppose that this review may be useful to novice researchers and clinicians wishing to navigate the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Primak
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Bozov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stalik Dzhauari
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Neyfeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Illarionova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Semina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Sheleg
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Tkachuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Hamilton HL, Kinscherf NA, Balmer G, Bresque M, Salamat SM, Vargas MR, Pehar M. FABP7 drives an inflammatory response in human astrocytes and is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease. GeroScience 2024; 46:1607-1625. [PMID: 37688656 PMCID: PMC10828232 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is characterized by the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques, and neuroinflammation. In partnership with microglial cells, astrocytes are key players in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) belongs to a family of conserved proteins that regulate lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation. FABP7 expression is largely restricted to astrocytes and radial glia-like cells in the adult central nervous system. We observed that treatment of primary hippocampal astrocyte cultures with amyloid β fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) induces FABP7 upregulation. In addition, FABP7 expression is upregulated in the brain of APP/PS1 mice, a widely used AD mouse model. Co-immunostaining with specific astrocyte markers revealed increased FABP7 expression in astrocytes. Moreover, astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques displayed increased FABP7 staining when compared to non-plaque-associated astrocytes. A similar result was obtained in the brain of AD patients. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis of human astrocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (i-astrocytes) overexpressing FABP7 identified 500 transcripts with at least a 2-fold change in expression. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis identified (i) positive regulation of cytokine production and (ii) inflammatory response as the top two statistically significant overrepresented biological processes. We confirmed that wild-type FABP7 overexpression induces an NF-κB-driven inflammatory response in human i-astrocytes. On the other hand, the expression of a ligand-binding impaired mutant FABP7 did not induce NF-κB activation. Together, our results suggest that the upregulation of FABP7 in astrocytes could contribute to the neuroinflammation observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haylee L Hamilton
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC K6/447, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Noah A Kinscherf
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC K6/447, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Garrett Balmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariana Bresque
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shahriar M Salamat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, CSC K6/447, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Cheng Y, Chen Y, Li K, Liu S, Pang C, Gao L, Xie J, Wenjing LV, Yu H, Deng B. How inflammation dictates diabetic peripheral neuropathy: An enlightening review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14477. [PMID: 37795833 PMCID: PMC11017439 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) constitutes a debilitating complication associated with diabetes. Although, the past decade has seen rapid developments in understanding the complex etiology of DPN, there are no approved therapies that can halt the development of DPN, or target the damaged nerve. Therefore, clarifying the pathogenesis of DPN and finding effective treatment are the crucial issues for the clinical management of DPN. AIMS This review is aiming to summary the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of DPN, especially the mechanism and application of inflammatory response. METHODS We systematically summarized the latest studies on the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of diabetic neuropathy in PubMed. RESULTS In this seminal review, the underappreciated role of immune activation in the progression of DPN is scrutinized. Novel insights into the inflammatory regulatory mechanisms of DPN have been unearthed, illuminating potential therapeutic strategies of notable clinical significance. Additionally, a nuanced examination of DPN's complex etiology, including aberrations in glycemic control and insulin signaling pathways, is presented. Crucially, an emphasis has been placed on translating these novel understandings into tangible clinical interventions to ameliorate patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review is distinguished by synthesizing cutting-edge mechanisms linking inflammation to DPN and identifying innovative, inflammation-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yinuo Chen
- Department of NeurologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- First School of Clinical MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Kezheng Li
- Department of NeurologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- First School of Clinical MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Shuwei Liu
- First School of Clinical MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Chunyang Pang
- Department of NeurologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Lingfei Gao
- Department of NeurologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East HospitalTongji UniversityShanghaiP.R. China
| | - L. V. Wenjing
- Department of GeriatricsThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of PediatricsSecond Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Binbin Deng
- Department of NeurologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- First School of Clinical MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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16
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Fernández EC, Tomassoni L, Zhang X, Wang J, Obradovic A, Laise P, Griffin AT, Vlahos L, Minns HE, Morales DV, Simmons C, Gallitto M, Wei HJ, Martins TJ, Becker PS, Crawford JR, Tzaridis T, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Garvin J, Gartrell RD, Szalontay L, Zacharoulis S, Wu CC, Zhang Z, Califano A, Pavisic J. Elucidation and Pharmacologic Targeting of Master Regulator Dependencies in Coexisting Diffuse Midline Glioma Subpopulations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.17.585370. [PMID: 38559080 PMCID: PMC10979998 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse Midline Gliomas (DMGs) are universally fatal, primarily pediatric malignancies affecting the midline structures of the central nervous system. Despite decades of clinical trials, treatment remains limited to palliative radiation therapy. A major challenge is the coexistence of molecularly distinct malignant cell states with potentially orthogonal drug sensitivities. To address this challenge, we leveraged established network-based methodologies to elucidate Master Regulator (MR) proteins representing mechanistic, non-oncogene dependencies of seven coexisting subpopulations identified by single-cell analysis-whose enrichment in essential genes was validated by pooled CRISPR/Cas9 screens. Perturbational profiles of 372 clinically relevant drugs helped identify those able to invert the activity of subpopulation-specific MRs for follow-up in vivo validation. While individual drugs predicted to target individual subpopulations-including avapritinib, larotrectinib, and ruxolitinib-produced only modest tumor growth reduction in orthotopic models, systemic co-administration induced significant survival extension, making this approach a valuable contribution to the rational design of combination therapy.
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17
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Facal F, Arrojo M, Páramo M, Costas J. Association between psychiatric admissions in patients with schizophrenia and IL-6 plasma levels polygenic score. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01786-z. [PMID: 38492051 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia diagnosis and admission history were associated with a polygenic score (PGS) for schizophrenia based on a subset of variants that act by modifying the expression of genes whose expression is also modified by antipsychotics. This gene set was enriched in cytokine production. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the only cytokine whose plasma levels were associated both with schizophrenia diagnosis and with acute decompensations in the largest meta-analysis. Therefore, we hypothesized that an IL-6 PGS, but not other cytokines PGSs, would be associated with schizophrenia chronicity/psychiatric admissions. Using the IL-6 PGS model from The PGS Catalog, IL-6 PGS was calculated in 427 patients with schizophrenia and data regarding admission history. Association between IL-6 PGS and chronicity, measured as number and duration of psychiatric admissions, or ever readmission was analyzed by multivariate ordinal and logistic regression, respectively. Specificity of results was assessed by analysis of PGSs from the other cytokines at The PGS Catalog with meta-analytic evidence of association with schizophrenia diagnosis or acute decompensations, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-12. IL-6 PGS was associated with schizophrenia chronicity, explaining 1.51% of variability (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.07-1.55, P = 0.007). There was no association with ever readmission. Other cytokines PGSs were not associated with chronicity. Association with IL-6 PGS was independent of association with schizophrenia PGS. Our results provide evidence that genetically regulated higher levels of IL-6 are involved in schizophrenia chronicity, highlighting the relevance of immunity processes for a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Facal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, edificio Consultas, Andar-2, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, edificio Consultas, Andar-2, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mario Páramo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, edificio Consultas, Andar-2, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Hospital Clínico Universitario, edificio Consultas, Andar-2, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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18
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Li X, Fu Q, Zhong M, Long Y, Zhao F, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Wen M, Chen K, Chen R, Ma X. Quantitative proteomics of the miR-301a/SOCS3/STAT3 axis reveals underlying autism and anxiety-like behavior. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102136. [PMID: 38439911 PMCID: PMC10909786 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder. Although the research on autism spectrum disorders has been increasing in the past decade, there is still no specific answer to its mechanism of action and treatment. As a pro-inflammatory microRNA, miR-301a is abnormally expressed in various psychiatric diseases including autism. Here, we show that miR-301a deletion and inhibition exhibited two distinct abnormal behavioral phenotypes in mice. We observed that miR-301a deletion in mice impaired learning/memory, and enhanced anxiety. On the contrary, miR-301a inhibition effectively reduced the maternal immune activation (MIA)-induced autism-like behaviors in mice. We further demonstrated that miR-301a bound to the 3'UTR region of the SOCS3, and that inhibition of miR-301a led to the upregulation of SOCS3 in hippocampus. The last result in the reduction of the inflammatory response by inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT and STAT3, and the expression level of IL-17A in poly(I:C)-induced autism-like features in mice. The obtained data revealed the miR-301a as a critical participant in partial behavior phenotypes, which may exhibit a divergent role between gene knockout and knockdown. Our findings ascertain that miR-301a negatively regulates SOCS3 in MIA-induced autism in mice and could present a new therapeutic target for ameliorating the behavioral abnormalities of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yihao Long
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Fengyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanni Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Wen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kaizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rongqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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19
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Sun Y, Qi R, Wu Z, Zhang X, Niu J. The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 60 cutaneous glomus tumor: a retrospective case series study. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:238-243. [PMID: 38001018 PMCID: PMC10943268 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomus Tumor (GT) are benign neoplasms that originate from mesenchymal cells. It presents as tenderness and cold allodynia in the digits, especially in the subungual region. There are a few studies that investigated the mechanism of pain. OBJECTIVES To analyze the clinical-pathologic characteristics of GT and to identify the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and CGRP in it, further, to explore the possible mechanism of pain. METHODS The clinical and pathological data of 60 GT patients were retrospectively analyzed. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and CGRP. RESULTS GT is more common in females and the ratio of male to was near to 1:2, mostly in middle-aged people. It often occurs in fingertips, especially the thumbs. Patients often present with spontaneous pain, tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity. Both the two pain mediators IL-1β and IL-6 were highly expressed in GT cells of patients with and without cold hypersensitivity. While CGRP was not expressed in GT. STUDY LIMITATIONS Low sample size and further research is needed to explore the specific mechanism. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β and IL-6 were highly expressed in GT cells, suggesting that IL-1β and IL-6 have certain nociceptive roles in GT. In the 4 patients with cold intolerance, the intensity of IL-1β and IL-6 staining was also strong, suggesting that they may not play a role in the cold hypersensitivity. However, since there are only 4 patients with cold intolerance, it's necessary to conduct further in-depth research using a larger sample size. The specific role of CGRP in GT has not been found yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Sun
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, NHC, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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20
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Corsi-Zuelli F, Quattrone D, Ragazzi TCC, Loureiro CM, Shuhama R, Menezes PR, Louzada-Junior P, Del-Ben CM. Transdiagnostic dimensions of symptoms and experiences associated with immune proteins in the continuity of psychosis. Psychol Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38414355 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence as to whether the immune protein profile is associated with a particular symptomatology pattern across the psychosis continuum. METHODS We estimated two bifactor models of general and specific dimensions of psychotic experiences in unaffected siblings of patients (n = 52) and community controls (n = 200), and of psychotic symptoms in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients (n = 110). We evaluated associations between these transdiagnostic dimensions and trait (TNF-α, IFN-γ), state (IL-6, IL-1β), and regulatory (TGF-β, IL-10, IL-4) cytokines. We explored whether schizophrenia genetic liability (schizophrenia polygenic risk score; SZ-PRS) modified the associations. RESULTS High levels of trait marker IFN-γ were associated with the severity of general psychosis dimension in the unaffected siblings and community controls, expanding to the depressive dimension in siblings and to the manic dimension in FEP. High TNF-α levels were associated with more positive psychotic experiences in unaffected siblings and manic symptoms in FEP. Low levels of state markers IL-6 and IL-1β were observed in unaffected siblings presenting more depressive experiences. Still, high levels of IL-6 and IL-1β were associated with the severity of the depressive and negative symptom dimensions at FEP. The severity of transdiagnostic dimension scores across the three groups was associated with lower regulatory cytokines. Exploratory analysis suggested that a high SZ-PRS contributed mostly to associations with psychotic dimensions. CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ mapped onto the multidimensional expression of psychosis, reinforcing the trait concept. State markers IL-6 and IL-1β may fluctuate along the spectrum. Dysfunction in the regulatory arm may disinhibit the inflammatory system. Associations with psychotic dimensions may be more prone to SZ-PRS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases - CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | | | - Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases - CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Besteher B, Rocktäschel T, Garza AP, Machnik M, Ballez J, Helbing DL, Finke K, Reuken P, Güllmar D, Gaser C, Walter M, Opel N, Rita Dunay I. Cortical thickness alterations and systemic inflammation define long-COVID patients with cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:175-184. [PMID: 38036270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the heterogeneity of symptoms is increasingly recognized among long-COVID patients, it appears highly relevant to study potential pathophysiological differences along the different subtypes. Preliminary evidence suggests distinct alterations in brain structure and systemic inflammatory patterns in specific groups of long-COVID patients. To this end, we analyzed differences in cortical thickness and peripheral immune signature between clinical subgroups based on 3 T-MRI scans and signature inflammatory markers in n = 120 participants comprising healthy never-infected controls (n = 30), healthy COVID-19 survivors (n = 29), and subgroups of long-COVID patients with (n = 26) and without (n = 35) cognitive impairment according to screening with Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Whole-brain comparison of cortical thickness between the 4 groups was conducted by surface-based morphometry. We identified distinct cortical areas showing a progressive increase in cortical thickness across different groups, starting from healthy individuals who had never been infected with COVID-19, followed by healthy COVID-19 survivors, long-COVID patients without cognitive deficits (MoCA ≥ 26), and finally, long-COVID patients exhibiting significant cognitive deficits (MoCA < 26). These findings highlight the continuum of cortical thickness alterations associated with COVID-19, with more pronounced changes observed in individuals experiencing cognitive impairment (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Affected cortical regions covered prefrontal and temporal gyri, insula, posterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, and parietal areas. Additionally, we discovered a distinct immunophenotype, with elevated levels of IL-10, IFNγ, and sTREM2 in long-COVID patients, especially in the group suffering from cognitive impairment. We demonstrate lingering cortical and immunological alterations in healthy and impaired subgroups of COVID-19 survivors. This implies a complex underlying pathomechanism in long-COVID and emphasizes the necessity to investigate the whole spectrum of post-COVID biology to determine targeted treatment strategies targeting specific sub-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tonia Rocktäschel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alejandra P Garza
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Machnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Johanna Ballez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Dario-Lucas Helbing
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Finke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Philipp Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Daniel Güllmar
- Medical Physics Group, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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22
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Rodríguez J, De Santis Arévalo J, Dennis VA, Rodríguez AM, Giambartolomei GH. Bystander activation of microglia by Brucella abortus-infected astrocytes induces neuronal death via IL-6 trans-signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1343503. [PMID: 38322014 PMCID: PMC10844513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1343503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurobrucellosis where glial cell interactions are at the root of this pathological condition. In this study, we present evidence indicating that soluble factors secreted by Brucella abortus-infected astrocytes activate microglia to induce neuronal death. Culture supernatants (SN) from B. abortus-infected astrocytes induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and the increase of the microglial phagocytic capacity, which are two key features in the execution of live neurons by primary phagocytosis, a recently described mechanism whereby B. abortus-activated microglia kills neurons by phagocytosing them. IL-6 neutralization completely abrogates neuronal loss. IL-6 is solely involved in increasing the phagocytic capacity of activated microglia as induced by SN from B. abortus-infected astrocytes and does not participate in their inflammatory activation. Both autocrine microglia-derived and paracrine astrocyte-secreted IL-6 endow microglial cells with up-regulated phagocytic capacity that allows them to phagocytose neurons. Blocking of IL-6 signaling by soluble gp130 abrogates microglial phagocytosis and concomitant neuronal death, indicating that IL-6 activates microglia via trans-signaling. Altogether, these results demonstrate that soluble factors secreted by B. abortus-infected astrocytes activate microglia to induce, via IL-6 trans-signaling, the death of neurons. IL-6 signaling inhibition may thus be considered a strategy to control inflammation and CNS damage in neurobrucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodríguez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia De Santis Arévalo
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Czyżewski W, Mazurek M, Sakwa L, Szymoniuk M, Pham J, Pasierb B, Litak J, Czyżewska E, Turek M, Piotrowski B, Torres K, Rola R. Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38247839 PMCID: PMC10813911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. This paper elucidates the interactions of astrocytes with neurons, their role in neuroinflammation, and the potential for their therapeutic exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass the utilization of endocannabinoid and calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, and the innovative technique of astrocyte transplantation as a means to repair damaged neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jennifer Pham
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Czyżewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mazovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Turek
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Piotrowski
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
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24
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Bedir Z, Ozkaloglu Erdem KT, Doymus O, Suleyman H, Yavuzer B, Cicek B, Altuner D, Mammadov R, Yilmaz M, Coban TA, Suleyman B, Bulut S. Effects of benidipine, paracetamol, and their combination on postoperative and normal tissue pain thresholds. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1326128. [PMID: 38249347 PMCID: PMC10796563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In clinical practice, inadequate pain inhibition leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Increased intracellular calcium, oxidants, and proinflammatory cytokines are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of postoperative pain. Therefore, we investigated the analgesic effects of benidipine, paracetamol, and benidipine-paracetamol combination (BPC) on postoperative and normal pain thresholds in rats. Material and methods: Sixty-four male albino Wistar rats weighing 285-295 g were used. The without-incision rats were divided into 4 subgroups: healthy control, benidipine alone, paracetamol alone, and BPC. The scalpel-incision rats were divided into 4 subgroups: scalpel incision, scalpel incision + benidipine, scalpel incision + paracetamol, and scalpel incision + BPC. Paw pain thresholds of rats were measured using a Basile algesimeter. Biochemical analyses were performed on the paw tissues of 6 rats randomly taken from the experimental groups, each containing 8 rats. Rats were sacrificed immediately after the measurements. After the pain threshold tests were finished, the paw tissues were removed and malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), cyclooxygenase (COX), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in paw pain threshold and measured biochemical parameters in rats without incision. The decrease in the pain threshold of the incised paw was also best prevented by BPC, followed by benidipine and then paracetamol. Furthermore, increases in scalpel-incised paw tissue MDA, COX-2, and IL-6 levels and the decrease in tGSH were significantly suppressed by benidipine and BPC, while paracetamol could only significantly inhibit the increase in IL-6 production. Conclusion: The combination of the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker benidipine and paracetamol (BPC) may provide potent analgesia. Our experimental results support that BPC may be useful in the treatment of severe pain that cannot be adequately inhibited by paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Bedir
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum State Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Kezban Tuna Ozkaloglu Erdem
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Omer Doymus
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum State Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Bulent Yavuzer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Betul Cicek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Türkiye
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Private Deva Hospital, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Taha Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Bahadir Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Seval Bulut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
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25
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Wei X, Zhang F, Cheng D, Wang Z, Xing N, Yuan J, Zhang W, Xing F. Free heme induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by microglial activation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 38183122 PMCID: PMC10768134 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion is related to perioperative neurocognitive disorders. The toxic effect of free heme has been identified in many pathologies. However, the underlying mechanisms of RBCs transfusion or free heme in cognitive impairment have not been clearly explored. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the mechanism of free heme-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. METHODS Rats were received intraperitoneal injection of hemin alone or combined with intracerebroventricular injection of Hemopexin (HPX), and MWM test was conducted to measure cognitive function. The amount of heme-HPX complexes was evaluated by flow cytometry for CD91 + cells. The microglial inflammatory response in rat brain was observed by immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1, and the inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rat brain and BV2 cells were detected by ELISA analysis. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells alone and in HT22 + BV2 coculture system was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, western blot was conducted to detect TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB proteins in rat brain and BV2 cells treated with hemin or combined with pathway inhibitors. Additionally, the M1 surface marker CD86 was observed in BV2 cells to further confirm neuroinflammation. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of hemin induced cognitive impairment, increase of CD91 + cells, up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β, down-regulation of IL-6, activation of microglia, and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rat brain. Significantly, intracerebroventricular injection of HPX reduced the above effects. Hemin induced boost of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BV2 cells, as well as apoptosis in HT22 cells. Notably, when HT22 cells were cocultured with BV2 cells, apoptosis was significantly increased. Hemin also induced activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the M1 surface marker CD86 in BV2 cells, and inhibiting this pathway reduced the inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Free heme induces cognitive impairment, and the underlying mechanism may involve neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. HPX may have potential therapeutic effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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26
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Mohebalizadeh M, Babapour G, Maleki Aghdam M, Mohammadi T, Jafari R, Shafiei-Irannejad V. Role of Maternal Immune Factors in Neuroimmunology of Brain Development. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03749-2. [PMID: 38057641 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation during pregnancy may occur due to various factors. This condition, in which maternal immune system activation occurs, can affect fetal brain development and be related to neurodevelopmental diseases. MIA interacts with the fetus's brain development through maternal antibodies, cytokines, chemokines, and microglial cells. Antibodies are associated with the development of the nervous system by two mechanisms: direct binding to brain inflammatory factors and binding to brain antigens. Cytokines and chemokines have an active presence in inflammatory processes. Additionally, glial cells, defenders of the nervous system, play an essential role in synaptic modulation and neurogenesis. Maternal infections during pregnancy are the most critical factors related to MIA; however, several studies show the relation between these infections and neurodevelopmental diseases. Infection with specific viruses, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2, has revealed effects on neurodevelopment and the onset of diseases such as schizophrenia and autism. We review the relationship between maternal infections during pregnancy and their impact on neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran
| | - Golsa Babapour
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Maleki Aghdam
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran
| | - Tooba Mohammadi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Cappelletti G, Colombrita C, Limanaqi F, Invernizzi S, Garziano M, Vanetti C, Moscheni C, Santangelo S, Zecchini S, Trabattoni D, Silani V, Clerici M, Ratti A, Biasin M. Human motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1285836. [PMID: 38116398 PMCID: PMC10728732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1285836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 typically causes Q7 respiratory disorders, but a high proportion of patients also reports neurological and neuromuscular symptoms during and after SARSCoV-2 infection. Despite a number of studies documenting SARS-CoV-2 infection of various neuronal cell populations, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure on motor neuronal cells specifically has not been investigated so far. Methods Thus, by using human iPSC-derived motor neurons (iPSC-MNs) we assessed: (i) the expression of SARS-CoV-2 main receptors; (ii) iPSC-MN infectability by SARS-CoV-2; and (iii) the effect of SARS-CoV-2 exposure on iPSC-MN transcriptome. Results Gene expression profiling and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of the main host cell receptors recognized by SARS-CoV-2 revealed that all of them are expressed in iPSC-MNs, with CD147 and NRP1 being the most represented ones. By analyzing SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 gene expression over time, we observed that human iPSC-MNs were productively infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of cytopathic effect. Supernatants collected from SARS-CoV-2-infected iPSC-MNs were able to re-infect VeroE6 cells. Image analyses of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins by IF confirmed iPSC-MN infectability. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection in iPSCMNs significantly altered the expression of genes (IL-6, ANG, S1PR1, BCL2, BAX, Casp8, HLA-A, ERAP1, CD147, MX1) associated with cell survival and metabolism, as well as antiviral and inflammatory response. Discussion These results suggest for the very first time that SARS-CoV-2 can productively infect human iPSC-derived MNs probably by binding CD147 and NRP1 receptors. Such information will be important to unveil the biological bases of neuromuscular disorders characterizing SARS-CoV-2 infection and the so called long-COVID symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Cappelletti
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Invernizzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Garziano
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Vanetti
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Santangelo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Laboratory of Immune-Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Chen S, Jin X, He T, Zhang M, Xu H. Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy based on bioinformatic analysis. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:675. [PMID: 37946105 PMCID: PMC10636915 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder, and while its precise mechanism remains elusive, a connection to ferroptosis has been established. This study investigates the potential clinical diagnostic significance of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) during the acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy. METHODS To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we accessed data from the GEO database and performed an intersection analysis with the FerrDB database to pinpoint FRGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. To assess the diagnostic utility of the discovered feature genes for the disease, ROC curve analysis was conducted. Subsequently, qRT-PCR was employed to validate the expression levels of these feature genes. RESULTS This study identified a total of 25 FRGs. PPI network analysis revealed six feature genes: IL6, PTGS2, HMOX1, NFE2L2, TLR4, and JUN. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of these six feature genes exhibited the highest diagnostic potential. qRT-PCR validation confirmed the expression of these feature genes. CONCLUSION We have identified six feature genes (IL6, PTGS2, HMOX1, NFE2L2, TLR4, and JUN) strongly associated with ferroptosis in epilepsy, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mulan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
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Afsar A, Chen M, Xuan Z, Zhang L. A glance through the effects of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5662-5675. [PMID: 38053545 PMCID: PMC10694609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, an effective treatment for AD has not yet been established. There is remarkable evidence indicating that the innate immune mechanism and adaptive immune response play significant roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies have reported changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in AD patients. This mini-review article discusses the potential contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactivity to amyloid β (Aβ) protein in individuals with AD. Moreover, this mini-review examines the potential associations between T cells, heme oxygenase (HO), and impaired mitochondria in the context of AD. While current mathematical models of AD have not extensively addressed the inclusion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, there exist models that can be extended to consider AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types. Additionally, the mini-review covers recent research that has investigated the utilization of machine learning models, considering the impact of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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30
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Gamage R, Rossetti I, Niedermayer G, Münch G, Buskila Y, Gyengesi E. Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:235. [PMID: 37833764 PMCID: PMC10576363 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade, chronic inflammation in the central nervous system characterized by glial reactivity is one of the major hallmarks for aging-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN) provide the primary source of cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex and may be differentially vulnerable in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of chronic neuroinflammation on the cholinergic function is still unclear. METHODS To gain further insight into age-related cholinergic decline, we investigated the cumulative effects of aging and chronic neuroinflammation on the structure and function of the septal cholinergic neurons in transgenic mice expressing interleukin-6 under the GFAP promoter (GFAP-IL6), which maintains a constant level of gliosis. Immunohistochemistry combined with unbiased stereology, single cell 3D morphology analysis and in vitro whole cell patch-clamp measurements were used to validate the structural and functional changes of BFCN and their microglial environment in the medial septum. RESULTS Stereological estimation of MS microglia number displayed significant increase across all three age groups, while a significant decrease in cholinergic cell number in the adult and aged groups in GFAP-IL6 mice compared to control. Moreover, we observed age-dependent alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cholinergic neurons and an increased excitability profile in the adult GFAP-IL6 group due to chronic neuroinflammation. These results complimented the significant decrease in hippocampal pyramidal spine density seen with aging and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of the significant impact of both aging and chronic glial activation on the cholinergic and microglial numbers and morphology in the MS, and alterations in the passive and active electrophysiological membrane properties of septal cholinergic neurons, resulting in cholinergic dysfunction, as seen in AD. Our results indicate that aging combined with gliosis is sufficient to cause cholinergic disruptions in the brain, as seen in dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gamage
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Garry Niedermayer
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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31
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Zuo X, Li Y, Rong X, Yang X, Zhu Y, Pan D, Li H, Shen QY, Tang Y. Efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on radiotherapy-related neuropathic pain in patients with head and neck cancers (RELAX): protocol for a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072724. [PMID: 37730386 PMCID: PMC10514600 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy-related neuropathic pain (RRNP) is one of the most distressing complications after radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Drug therapy is not sufficiently effective and has limitations in terms of dose titration period and side effects. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which stimulates the auricular branches of the vagus nerve through electrical impulses, has been proven to have analgesic effects in certain diseases. However, it is unknown whether taVNS can relieve RRNP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel, sham-controlled trial. We will include adult patients newly diagnosed with neuropathic pain after radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. One hundred and sixteen individuals will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive taVNS or sham stimulation. The interventions will last for 7 days, twice daily for 30 min each. The primary efficacy outcome is pain reduction on day 7. The secondary outcomes are changes in functional interference, psychological distress, fatigue, quality of life and serum inflammatory factors. The study may provide a new early intervention strategy for RRNP among patients with head and neck cancers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSKY-2022-109-01) and will be conducted in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approvals will be obtained separately for all centres involved in the study. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals. The database of the study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05543239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzheng Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinguang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Clinical Research Design, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Gu Q, Kumar A, Hook M, Xu F, Bajpai AK, Starlard-Davenport A, Yue J, Jablonski MM, Lu L. Exploring Early-Stage Retinal Neurodegeneration in Murine Pigmentary Glaucoma: Insights From Gene Networks and miRNA Regulation Analyses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:25. [PMID: 37707836 PMCID: PMC10506683 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is a group of heterogeneous optic neuropathies characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been understood completely. We aimed to elucidate the genetic network associated with the development of pigmentary glaucoma with DBA/2J (D2) mouse model of glaucoma and corresponding genetic control D2-Gpnmb (D2G) mice carrying the wild type (WT) Gpnmb allele. Methods Retinas isolated from 13 D2 and 12 D2G mice were subdivided into 2 age groups: pre-onset (1-6 months: samples were collected at approximately 1-2, 2-4, and 5-6 months) and post-onset (7-15 months: samples were collected at approximately 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 months) glaucoma were compared. Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis and gene-set enrichment analyses were performed. To identify micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that target Gpnmb, miRNA expression levels were correlated with time point matched mRNA expression levels. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed using the reference BXD mouse population. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate Gpnmb and miRNA expression levels. Results A total of 314 and 86 DEGs were identified in the pre-onset and post-onset glaucoma groups, respectively. DEGs in the pre-onset glaucoma group were associated with the crystallin gene family, whereas those in the post-onset group were related to innate immune system response. Of 1329 miRNAs predicted to target Gpnmb, 3 miRNAs (miR-125a-3p, miR-3076-5p, and miR-214-5p) were selected. A total of 47 genes demonstrated overlapping with the identified DEGs between D2 and D2G, segregated into their time-relevant stages. Gpnmb was significantly downregulated, whereas 2 out of 3 miRNAs were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in D2 mice at both 3-and 10-month time points. Conclusions These findings suggest distinct gene-sets involved in pre-and post-glaucoma in the D2 mouse. We identified three miRNAs regulating Gpnmb in the development of murine pigmentary glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Gu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Athena Starlard-Davenport
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Monica M. Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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Chmielarz M, Sobieszczańska B, Teisseyre A, Wawrzyńska M, Bożemska E, Środa-Pomianek K. Palmitic Acid Modulates Microglial Cell Response to Metabolic Endotoxemia in an In Vitro Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3463. [PMID: 37571401 PMCID: PMC10421407 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic endotoxemia (ME) is characterized by a 2-3-fold increase in blood endotoxin levels and low-grade systemic inflammation without apparent infection. ME is usually accompanied by metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity and hyperlipidemia. According to numerous studies, ME may lead to functional brain disorders, including cognitive decline, depression, and dementia. In the current in vitro study, we aimed to determine the direct and indirect impact of endotoxin (LPS) and palmitic acid (PA), representing saturated fatty acids, on the inflammatory and oxidative stress response in the human microglial HMC3 cells unstimulated and stimulated with IFNγ. The study's results revealed that direct HMC3 cell exposition to endotoxin and PA increased inflammatory response measured as levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 released into the medium and PGE2 levels in cell lysates. Moreover, direct HMC3 cell treatment with PA and LPS induced oxidative stress, i.e., ROS and COX-2 production and lipid peroxidation. On the contrary, an indirect effect of LPS and PA on microglial cells, assessed as the impact of macrophage metabolites, was much lower regarding the inflammatory response, although still associated with oxidative stress. Interestingly, IFNγ had a protective effect on microglial cells, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in HMC3 cells treated directly and indirectly with LPS and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-365 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Beata Sobieszczańska
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-365 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Andrzej Teisseyre
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-365 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.T.); (K.Ś.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-365 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Edyta Bożemska
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-365 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-365 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.T.); (K.Ś.-P.)
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Carvalho D, Diaz-Amarilla P, Dapueto R, Santi MD, Duarte P, Savio E, Engler H, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Arredondo F. Transcriptomic Analyses of Neurotoxic Astrocytes Derived from Adult Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:487-515. [PMID: 37318736 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease have been classically studied from a purely neuronocentric point of view. More recent evidences support the notion that other cell populations are involved in disease progression. In this sense, the possible pathogenic role of glial cells like astrocytes is increasingly being recognized. Once faced with tissue damage signals and other stimuli present in disease environments, astrocytes suffer many morphological and functional changes, a process referred as reactive astrogliosis. Studies from murine models and humans suggest that these complex and heterogeneous responses could manifest as disease-specific astrocyte phenotypes. Clear understanding of disease-associated astrocytes is a necessary step to fully disclose neurodegenerative processes, aiding in the design of new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this work, we present the transcriptomics characterization of neurotoxic astrocytic cultures isolated from adult symptomatic animals of the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTg-AD). According to the observed profile, 3xTg-AD neurotoxic astrocytes show various reactivity features including alteration of the extracellular matrix and release of pro-inflammatory and proliferative factors that could result in harmful effects to neurons. Moreover, these alterations could be a consequence of stress responses at the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as of concomitant metabolic adaptations. Present results support the hypothesis that adaptive changes of astrocytic function induced by a stressed microenvironment could later promote harmful astrocyte phenotypes and further accelerate or induce neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carvalho
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Diaz-Amarilla
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Daniela Santi
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- College of Dentistry, Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Pablo Duarte
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Savio
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Henry Engler
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 1800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan A Abin-Carriquiry
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Florencia Arredondo
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Área I+D Biomédica, Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Barreto GE. Repurposing of Tibolone in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 37509151 PMCID: PMC10377087 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterised by the accumulation of amyloid-beta and tau in the brain, leading to the progressive loss of memory and cognition. The causes of its pathogenesis are still not fully understood, but some risk factors, such as age, genetics, and hormones, may play a crucial role. Studies show that postmenopausal women have a higher risk of developing AD, possibly due to the decrease in hormone levels, especially oestrogen, which may be directly related to a reduction in the activity of oestrogen receptors, especially beta (ERβ), which favours a more hostile cellular environment, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, mainly affecting key processes related to transport, metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. Given the influence of hormones on biological processes at the mitochondrial level, hormone therapies are of clinical interest to reduce the risk or delay the onset of symptoms associated with AD. One drug with such potential is tibolone, which is used in clinics to treat menopause-related symptoms. It can reduce amyloid burden and have benefits on mitochondrial integrity and dynamics. Many of its protective effects are mediated through steroid receptors and may also be related to neuroglobin, whose elevated levels have been shown to protect against neurological diseases. Its importance has increased exponentially due to its implication in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss recent advances in tibolone, focusing on its mitochondrial-protective effects, and highlight how valuable this compound could be as a therapeutic alternative to mitigate the molecular pathways characteristic of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Su Y, Ma G, Zheng Y, Qin J, Li X, Ge Q, Sun H, Liu B. Neonatal Meningitis-Causing Escherichia coli Induces Microglia Activation which Acts as a Double-Edged Sword in Bacterial Meningitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9915. [PMID: 37373064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a devastating disease occurring worldwide, with up to half of survivors left with permanent neurological sequelae. Neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli (NMEC) is the most common Gram-negative bacillary organism that causes meningitis, particularly during the neonatal period. Here, RNA-seq transcriptional profiles of microglia in response to NMEC infection show that microglia are activated to produce inflammatory factors. In addition, we found that the secretion of inflammatory factors is a double-edged sword that promotes polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to the brain to clear the pathogens but, at the same time, induces neuronal damage, which may be related to the neurological sequelae. New neuroprotective therapeutic strategies must be developed for the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. We found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) may be a strong candidate in the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis, as it shows a therapeutic effect on bacterial-meningitis-induced brain damage. Prevention of disease and early initiation of the appropriate treatment in patients with suspected or proven bacterial meningitis are the key factors in reducing morbidity and mortality. Novel antibiotic and adjuvant treatment strategies must be developed, and the main goal for new therapies will be dampening the inflammatory response. Based on this view, our findings may help develop novel strategies for bacterial meningitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guozhen Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingliang Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qianwen Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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Hiyama A, Sakai D, Sato M, Watanabe M. Analysis of intervertebral disc CCR6 and IL-6 gene levels with short-term postoperative low back pain after spinal fusion in lumbar degenerative disease. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1252. [PMID: 37361330 PMCID: PMC10285749 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that specific pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines are more highly expressed in painful than in nonpainful intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, few studies have investigated their correlation with postsurgical outcomes or the relationship between postoperative pain and inflammatory cytokines in IVDs. Thus, the present study examined the correlation among the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in IVD tissues removed during surgery and low back pain (LBP), leg pain (LP), and leg numbness (LN) at one year after spinal fusion surgery in patients with a lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Methods Chemokine and cytokine gene expression levels were measured in IVD samples from 48 patients with LDD. The associations between chemokine and cytokine gene expression levels and pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]) were also analyzed. A correlation analysis was performed between gene expression in each IVD and preoperative and postoperative pain intensity. Results In the preoperative analysis, CCR6 was associated with NRSLBP (r = -0.291, P = 0.045). Postoperative pain analysis revealed correlations between postoperative NRSLBP and CCR6 (r = -0.328, P = 0.023) and between postoperative NRSLBP and IL-6 (r = -0.382, P = 0.007). Furthermore, patients with high postoperative LBP intensity (NRSLBP ≥ 7) also had high LBP intensity (NRSLBP ≥ 6) before surgery, and a correlation was observed (r = 0.418, P = 0.003). None of the gene mRNAs correlated with NRSLP or NRSLN, respectively. Conclusions CCR6 and IL-6 gene expression in the IVD was associated with postoperative LBP intensity and may indicate a need for postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySurgical Science, Tokai University School of MedicineIseharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySurgical Science, Tokai University School of MedicineIseharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySurgical Science, Tokai University School of MedicineIseharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgerySurgical Science, Tokai University School of MedicineIseharaKanagawaJapan
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Yang L, Huh JR, Choi GB. One messenger shared by two systems: How cytokines directly modulate neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102708. [PMID: 36947942 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are small, secreted proteins that are known for their roles in the immune system. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that cytokines also work as neuromodulators in the central nervous system (CNS). Cytokines can access the CNS through multiple routes to directly impact neurons. The neuromodulatory effects of cytokines maintain the overall homeostasis of neural networks. In addition, cytokines regulate a diverse repertoire of behaviors both at a steady state and in inflammatory conditions by acting on discrete brain regions and neural networks. In this review, we discuss recent findings that provide insight into how combinatorial codes of cytokines might mediate neuro-immune communications to orchestrate functional responses of the brain to changes in immunological milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gloria B Choi
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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39
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Guha A, Husain MA, Si Y, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Promer G, Smith R, King PH. RNA regulation of inflammatory responses in glia and its potential as a therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Glia 2023; 71:485-508. [PMID: 36380708 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia and astrocytes with the induction of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6. Neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression in a plethora of neurological disorders ranging from acute CNS trauma to chronic neurodegenerative disease. Posttranscriptional pathways of mRNA stability and translational efficiency are major drivers for the expression of these inflammatory mediators. A common element in this level of regulation centers around the adenine- and uridine-rich element (ARE) which is present in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNAs encoding these inflammatory mediators. (ARE)-binding proteins (AUBPs) such as Human antigen R (HuR), Tristetraprolin (TTP) and KH- type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) are key nodes for directing these posttranscriptional pathways and either promote (HuR) or suppress (TTP and KSRP) glial production of inflammatory mediators. This review will discuss basic concepts of ARE-mediated RNA regulation and its impact on glial-driven neuroinflammatory diseases. We will discuss strategies to target this novel level of gene regulation for therapeutic effect and review exciting preliminary studies that underscore its potential for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - L Burt Nabors
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Grace Promer
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Reed Smith
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Department of Veterans Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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Müller SA, Shmueli MD, Feng X, Tüshaus J, Schumacher N, Clark R, Smith BE, Chi A, Rose-John S, Kennedy ME, Lichtenthaler SF. The Alzheimer's disease-linked protease BACE1 modulates neuronal IL-6 signaling through shedding of the receptor gp130. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36810097 PMCID: PMC9942414 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protease BACE1 is a major drug target for Alzheimer's disease, but chronic BACE1 inhibition is associated with non-progressive cognitive worsening that may be caused by modulation of unknown physiological BACE1 substrates. METHODS To identify in vivo-relevant BACE1 substrates, we applied pharmacoproteomics to non-human-primate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after acute treatment with BACE inhibitors. RESULTS Besides SEZ6, the strongest, dose-dependent reduction was observed for the pro-inflammatory cytokine receptor gp130/IL6ST, which we establish as an in vivo BACE1 substrate. Gp130 was also reduced in human CSF from a clinical trial with a BACE inhibitor and in plasma of BACE1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BACE1 directly cleaves gp130, thereby attenuating membrane-bound gp130 and increasing soluble gp130 abundance and controlling gp130 function in neuronal IL-6 signaling and neuronal survival upon growth-factor withdrawal. CONCLUSION BACE1 is a new modulator of gp130 function. The BACE1-cleaved, soluble gp130 may serve as a pharmacodynamic BACE1 activity marker to reduce the occurrence of side effects of chronic BACE1 inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Merav D Shmueli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao Feng
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ryan Clark
- Neuroscience, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brad E Smith
- Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - An Chi
- Chemical Biology, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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41
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Enamorado M, Kulalert W, Han SJ, Rao I, Delaleu J, Link VM, Yong D, Smelkinson M, Gil L, Nakajima S, Linehan JL, Bouladoux N, Wlaschin J, Kabat J, Kamenyeva O, Deng L, Gribonika I, Chesler AT, Chiu IM, Le Pichon CE, Belkaid Y. Immunity to the microbiota promotes sensory neuron regeneration. Cell 2023; 186:607-620.e17. [PMID: 36640762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue immunity and responses to injury depend on the coordinated action and communication among physiological systems. Here, we show that, upon injury, adaptive responses to the microbiota directly promote sensory neuron regeneration. At homeostasis, tissue-resident commensal-specific T cells colocalize with sensory nerve fibers within the dermis, express a transcriptional program associated with neuronal interaction and repair, and promote axon growth and local nerve regeneration following injury. Mechanistically, our data reveal that the cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) released by commensal-specific Th17 cells upon injury directly signals to sensory neurons via IL-17 receptor A, the transcription of which is specifically upregulated in injured neurons. Collectively, our work reveals that in the context of tissue damage, preemptive immunity to the microbiota can rapidly bridge biological systems by directly promoting neuronal repair, while also identifying IL-17A as a major determinant of this fundamental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Enamorado
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Warakorn Kulalert
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seong-Ji Han
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Indira Rao
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jérémie Delaleu
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Yong
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margery Smelkinson
- Biological Imaging, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louis Gil
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan L Linehan
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Josette Wlaschin
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Liwen Deng
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Murakata Y, Yamagami F, Murakoshi N, Xu D, Song Z, Li S, Okabe Y, Aonuma K, Yuan Z, Mori H, Aonuma K, Tajiri K, Ieda M. Electrical, structural, and autonomic atrial remodeling underlies atrial fibrillation in inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1075358. [PMID: 36741841 PMCID: PMC9892626 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1075358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence indicating a close relationship between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF). Although underlying inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy may contribute to the development of AF, the arrhythmogenic remodeling caused by atrial inflammation has not been elucidated in detail. Herein, we examined electrical, structural, and autonomic changes in the atria in a mouse model of autoimmune myocarditis. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with cardiac myosin peptide (MyHC-α614-629) conjugated with complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 7. Susceptibility to AF was assessed using right-atrial burst pacing. Results The mice immunized with MyHC-α614-629 showed an inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy phenotype, with enlarged atria; a high degree of inflammatory cell infiltration primarily consisting of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Ly6GlowCD11b+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells; and severe interstitial fibrosis with collagen deposition. These mice demonstrated significantly enhanced susceptibility to AF, as indicated by their increased AF induction rate and duration. In addition, the expression of potassium channels (Kcnh2, Kcnd3, and Kcnj2) and calcium handling-associated genes (Cacna1c, Camk2, Ryr2, and Atp2a2) was downregulated. Connexin 40 expression was significantly downregulated, leading to frequent lateralization to the inflamed atrium. Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation and neurotrophin expression (nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor) were upregulated in the inflamed atria. Conclusion Inflammatory atrial cardiomyopathy promotes susceptibility to AF via arrhythmogenic electrical, structural, and autonomic remodeling of the atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Murakata
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fumi Yamagami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - DongZhu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhonghu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuta Okabe
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - ZiXun Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruka Mori
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan,Department of Cardiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan,*Correspondence: Kazuko Tajiri,
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Gerasimova T, Stepanenko E, Novosadova L, Arsenyeva E, Shimchenko D, Tarantul V, Grivennikov I, Nenasheva V, Novosadova E. Glial Cultures Differentiated from iPSCs of Patients with PARK2-Associated Parkinson's Disease Demonstrate a Pro-Inflammatory Shift and Reduced Response to TNFα Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032000. [PMID: 36768317 PMCID: PMC9916517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Mutations in the PARK2 gene are a frequent cause of familial forms of PD. Sustained chronic neuroinflammation in the central nervous system makes a significant contribution to neurodegeneration events. In response to inflammatory factors produced by activated microglia, astrocytes change their transcriptional programs and secretion profiles, thus acting as immunocompetent cells. Here, we investigated iPSC-derived glial cell cultures obtained from healthy donors (HD) and from PD patients with PARK2 mutations in resting state and upon stimulation by TNFα. The non-stimulated glia of PD patients demonstrated higher IL1B and IL6 expression levels and increased IL6 protein synthesis, while BDNF and GDNF expression was down-regulated when compared to that of the glial cells of HDs. In the presence of TNFα, all of the glial cultures displayed a multiplied expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines: TNFA, IL1B, and IL6, as well as IL6 protein synthesis, although PD glia responded to TNFα stimulation less strongly than HD glia. Our results demonstrated a pro-inflammatory shift, a suppression of the neuroprotective gene program, and some depletion of reactivity to TNFα in PARK2-deficient glia compared to glial cells of HDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Gerasimova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Stepanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Novosadova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Elena Arsenyeva
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Darya Shimchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Tarantul
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Igor Grivennikov
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Valentina Nenasheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Novosadova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
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Costa DVS, Shin JH, Goldbeck SM, Bolick DT, Mesquita FS, Loureiro AV, Rodrigues-Jesus MJ, Brito GAC, Warren CA. Adenosine receptors differentially mediate enteric glial cell death induced by Clostridioides difficile Toxins A and B. Front Immunol 2023; 13:956326. [PMID: 36726986 PMCID: PMC9885079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased risk of intestinal dysfunction has been reported in patients after Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Enteric glial cells (EGCs), a component of the enteric nervous system (ENS), contribute to gut homeostasis. Previous studies showed that adenosine receptors, A2A and A2B, modulate inflammation during CDI. However, it is unknown how these receptors can modulate the EGC response to the C. difficile toxins (TcdA and TcdB). We investigated the effects of these toxins on the expression of adenosine receptors in EGCs and the role of these receptors on toxin-induced EGC death. Rat EGCs line were incubated with TcdA or TcdB alone or in combination with adenosine analogues 1h prior to toxins challenge. After incubation, EGCs were collected to evaluate gene expression (adenosine receptors and proinflammatory markers) and cell death. In vivo, WT, A2A, and A2B KO mice were infected with C. difficile, euthanized on day 3 post-infection, and cecum tissue was processed. TcdA and TcdB increased A2A and A3 transcripts, as well as decreased A2B. A2A agonist, but not A2A antagonist, decreased apoptosis induced by TcdA and TcdB in EGCs. A2B blocker, but not A2B agonist, diminished apoptosis in EGCs challenged with both toxins. A3 agonist, but not A3 blocker, reduced apoptosis in EGCs challenged with TcdA and TcdB. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) and CREB, both involved in the main signaling pathway driven by activation of adenosine receptors, decreased EGC apoptosis induced by both toxins. A2A agonist and A2B antagonist decreased S100B upregulation induced by C. difficile toxins in EGCs. In vivo, infected A2B KO mice, but not A2A, exhibited a decrease in cell death, including EGCs and enteric neuron loss, compared to infected WT mice, reduced intestinal damage and decreased IL-6 and S100B levels in cecum. Our findings indicate that upregulation of A2A and A3 and downregulation of A2B in EGCs and downregulation of A2B in intestinal tissues elicit a protective response against C. difficile toxins. Adenosine receptors appear to play a regulatory role in EGCs death and proinflammatory response induced by TcdA and TcdB, and thus may be potential targets of intervention to prevent post-CDI intestinal dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiziane V S Costa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jae H Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sophia M Goldbeck
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Flavio S Mesquita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea V Loureiro
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mônica J Rodrigues-Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Barron A, Manna S, McElwain CJ, Musumeci A, McCarthy FP, O’Keeffe GW, McCarthy CM. Maternal pre-eclampsia serum increases neurite growth and mitochondrial function through a potential IL-6-dependent mechanism in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1043481. [PMID: 36714304 PMCID: PMC9877349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1043481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a common and serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, which affects 3%-5% of first-time pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prenatal exposure to PE is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in affected offspring, although the cellular and molecular basis of this increased risk is largely unknown. Methods: Here, we examined the effects of exposure to maternal serum from women with PE or a healthy uncomplicated pregnancy on the survival, neurite growth and mitochondrial function of neuronally differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which are commonly used to study neurite growth. Neurite growth and mitochondrial function are two strongly linked neurodevelopmental parameters in which alterations have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Following this, we investigated the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels as a potential mechanism. Results: Cells exposed to 3% (v/v) PE serum for 72 h exhibited increased neurite growth (p < 0.05), which was validated in the human neural progenitor cell line, ReNcell® VM (p < 0.01), and mitochondrial respiration (elevated oxygen consumption rate (p < 0.05), basal mitochondrial respiration, proton leak, ATP synthesis, and non-mitochondrial respiration) compared to control serum-treated cells. ELISA analysis showed elevations in maternal IL-6 in PE sera (p < 0.05) and placental explants (p < 0.05). In support of this, SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 3% (v/v) PE serum for 24 h had increased phospho-STAT3 levels, which is a key intracellular mediator of IL-6 signalling (p < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody blocked the effects of PE serum on neurite growth (p < 0.05), and exposure to IL-6 promoted neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells (p < 0.01). Discussion: Collectively these data show elevated serum levels of maternal IL-6 in PE, which increases neurite growth and mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y cells. This rationalizes the further study of IL-6 as a potential mediator between PE exposure and neurodevelopmental outcome in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Barron
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samprikta Manna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm J. McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W. O’Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Gerard W. O’Keeffe, ; Cathal M. McCarthy,
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Gerard W. O’Keeffe, ; Cathal M. McCarthy,
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Chaperone-Dependent Mechanisms as a Pharmacological Target for Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010823. [PMID: 36614266 PMCID: PMC9820882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern pharmacotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases is predominantly symptomatic and does not allow vicious circles causing disease development to break. Protein misfolding is considered the most important pathogenetic factor of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiological mechanisms related to the function of chaperones, which contribute to the restoration of native conformation of functionally important proteins, evolved evolutionarily. These mechanisms can be considered promising for pharmacological regulation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Data on BiP and Sigma1R chaperones in clinical and experimental studies of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are presented. The possibility of neuroprotective effect dependent on Sigma1R ligand activation in these diseases is also demonstrated. The interaction between Sigma1R and BiP-associated signaling in the neuroprotection is discussed. The performed analysis suggests the feasibility of pharmacological regulation of chaperone function, possibility of ligand activation of Sigma1R in order to achieve a neuroprotective effect, and the need for further studies of the conjugation of cellular mechanisms controlled by Sigma1R and BiP chaperones.
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47
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Shinoda Y, Akiyama M, Toyama T. Potential Association between Methylmercury Neurotoxicity and Inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1162-1168. [PMID: 37661394 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is the causal substrate of Minamata disease and a major environmental toxicant. MeHg is widely distributed, mainly in the ocean, meaning its bioaccumulation in seafood is a considerable problem for human health. MeHg has been intensively investigated and is known to induce inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration. However, the relationship between MeHg-induced inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration is not understood. In the present review, we first describe recent findings showing an association between inflammatory responses and certain MeHg-unrelated neurological diseases caused by neurodegeneration. In addition, cell-specific MeHg-induced inflammatory responses are summarized for the central nervous system including those of microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. We also describe MeHg-induced inflammatory responses in peripheral cells and tissue, such as macrophages and blood. These findings provide a concept of the relationship between MeHg-induced inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration, as well as direction for future research of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University
| | - Takashi Toyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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48
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Baggio DF, da Luz FMR, Lopes RV, Ferreira LEN, Araya EI, Chichorro JG. Sex Dimorphism in Resolvin D5-induced Analgesia in Rat Models of Trigeminal Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 24:717-729. [PMID: 36584931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Resolvin D5 (RvD5) is a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator with potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Orofacial pain conditions, especially those that are chronic, present clinical challenges in terms of pharmacological management. Thus, new therapeutic options are clearly warranted. Herein, we investigated the antinociceptive effect of RvD5 in the chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) model and in the orofacial formalin test in female and male Wistar rats. Our results indicated that repeated subarachnoid medullary injections of RvD5 at 10 ng resulted in a significant reduction of heat and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by the CCI-ION in male and female rats, but males were more sensitive to RvD5 effects. In addition, after CCI-ION, interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was increased in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of male, but not female rats, which was reduced by RvD5 repeated treatment. No changes in the levels of IL-1β were found. Minocycline blocked the effect of RvD5 in male rats but failed to affect RvD5 antinociceptive effect in females. Moreover, a single medullary injection of RvD5 caused a significant reduction of formalin-induced facial grooming, in phases I and II of the test, but only in male rats. This study demonstrated for the first time the analgesic effect of RvD5 in trigeminal pain models, and corroborated previous evidence of sex dichotomy, with a greater effect in males. This article presents a translational potential of RvD5 for targeted therapies aiming at the control of acute and chronic trigeminal pain, but further studies are needed to elucidate its sex-related mechanisms. PERSPECTIVE: This study demonstrated that RvD5 may provide the benefits for trigeminal neuropathic pain treatment in male and female rats, but its effect on inflammatory orofacial pain seems to be restricted only to males. Also, it provided the evidence for sex dichotomy in the mechanisms related to the antinociceptive effect of RvD5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darciane F Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M R da Luz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raphael V Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Erika I Araya
- Departament de Medicina, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juliana G Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and neuroprotective effects of pegylated self-assembled nanoscaffolds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100149. [PMID: 36593925 PMCID: PMC9804106 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) lead to impairment in memory functions. Neuroinflammation causes activation of microglia and astrocytes cells that locally and systemically produces inflammatory cytokines which can serve as early diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in AD. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF α)) levels were estimated in serum, cerebral tissue, hepatic tissue, and renal tissue in treatment groups of scopolamine-induced amnesia mice model using ELISA protocol. The results showed that cerebral tissue of AD mice exhibited elevated levels of IL1β, IL6, IL10 and TNFα which indicate contribution of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the progression of AD. A significant reduction in the concentration of IL1β, IL-10 and TNF-α were noticed in serum, cerebral tissue and hepatic tissue of animal group treated with marketed memantine tablet (Admenta), pure memantine drug (MEMp), memantine-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembled nanoscaffolds (MEM-PLGA) SANs, Polyethylene Glycol coated memantine-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) self-assembled nanoscaffolds [(PEG-MEM-PLGA) SANs] and Polyethylene Glycol coated memantine-poly [(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] self-assembled nanoscaffolds grafted with Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell ((PEG-MEM-PLGA) SANs-BMSc), whereas a high level of IL-6 was observed in hepatic tissue, cerebral tissue and renal tissues of normal and AD induced mice which showed the emerging potential of IL-6 cytokines that can trigger either neurons survival after injury or causing neurodegeneration and cell apoptosis. The Neuroregenerative potential of stem cells helps in the proliferation of neuronal cell and thus improves cognition in AD animal model.
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50
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Keil-Stietz K, Lein PJ. Gene×environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:221-284. [PMID: 36707213 PMCID: PMC10496028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is credible evidence that environmental factors influence individual risk and/or severity of autism spectrum disorders (hereafter referred to as autism). While it is likely that environmental chemicals contribute to the etiology of autism via multiple mechanisms, identifying specific environmental factors that confer risk for autism and understanding how they contribute to the etiology of autism has been challenging, in part because the influence of environmental chemicals likely varies depending on the genetic substrate of the exposed individual. Current research efforts are focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with autism genetic susceptibilities to adversely impact neurodevelopment. The goal is to not only generate insights regarding the pathophysiology of autism, but also inform the development of screening platforms to identify specific environmental factors and gene×environment (G×E) interactions that modify autism risk. Data from such studies are needed to support development of intervention strategies for mitigating the burden of this neurodevelopmental condition on individuals, their families and society. In this review, we discuss environmental chemicals identified as putative autism risk factors and proposed mechanisms by which G×E interactions influence autism risk and/or severity using polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Keil-Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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