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Tuerhong N, Yang Y, Wang C, Huang P, Li Q. Interactions between platelets and the cancer immune microenvironment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104380. [PMID: 38718939 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in both China and developed countries due to its high incidence and low cure rate. Immune function is closely linked to the development and progression of tumors. Platelets, which are primarily known for their role in hemostasis, also play a crucial part in the spread and progression of tumors through their interaction with the immune microenvironment. The impact of platelets on tumor growth and metastasis depends on the type of cancer and treatment method used. This article provides an overview of the relationship between platelets and the immune microenvironment, highlighting how platelets can either protect or harm the immune response and cancer immune escape. We also explore the potential of available platelet-targeting strategies for tumor immunotherapy, as well as the promise of new platelet-targeted tumor therapy methods through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuerye Tuerhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou university, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, No. 37, GuoXue Xiang Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Patel MA, Daley M, Van Nynatten LR, Slessarev M, Cepinskas G, Fraser DD. A reduced proteomic signature in critically ill Covid-19 patients determined with plasma antibody micro-array and machine learning. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38760690 PMCID: PMC11100131 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a complex, multi-system disease with varying severity and symptoms. Identifying changes in critically ill COVID-19 patients' proteomes enables a better understanding of markers associated with susceptibility, symptoms, and treatment. We performed plasma antibody microarray and machine learning analyses to identify novel proteins of COVID-19. METHODS A case-control study comparing the concentration of 2000 plasma proteins in age- and sex-matched COVID-19 inpatients, non-COVID-19 sepsis controls, and healthy control subjects. Machine learning was used to identify a unique proteome signature in COVID-19 patients. Protein expression was correlated with clinically relevant variables and analyzed for temporal changes over hospitalization days 1, 3, 7, and 10. Expert-curated protein expression information was analyzed with Natural language processing (NLP) to determine organ- and cell-specific expression. RESULTS Machine learning identified a 28-protein model that accurately differentiated COVID-19 patients from ICU non-COVID-19 patients (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.89) and healthy controls (accuracy = 0.89, AUC = 1.00, F1 = 0.88). An optimal nine-protein model (PF4V1, NUCB1, CrkL, SerpinD1, Fen1, GATA-4, ProSAAS, PARK7, and NET1) maintained high classification ability. Specific proteins correlated with hemoglobin, coagulation factors, hypertension, and high-flow nasal cannula intervention (P < 0.01). Time-course analysis of the 28 leading proteins demonstrated no significant temporal changes within the COVID-19 cohort. NLP analysis identified multi-system expression of the key proteins, with the digestive and nervous systems being the leading systems. CONCLUSIONS The plasma proteome of critically ill COVID-19 patients was distinguishable from that of non-COVID-19 sepsis controls and healthy control subjects. The leading 28 proteins and their subset of 9 proteins yielded accurate classification models and are expressed in multiple organ systems. The identified COVID-19 proteomic signature helps elucidate COVID-19 pathophysiology and may guide future COVID-19 treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitray A Patel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mark Daley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | | | - Marat Slessarev
- Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 4V3, Canada.
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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3
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Frasca L, Mennella A, Palazzo R. New, Old, and Shared Antibody Specificities in Autoimmune Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:23. [PMID: 38534212 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies represent a primary characteristic of many systemic autoimmune diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frasca
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mennella
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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4
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Lee SH, Lee H, Park R. Systemic Immune Modulation Induced by Ephedrine in Obese-Diabetes ( db/ db) Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:10097-10108. [PMID: 38132476 PMCID: PMC10742494 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-modulatory effects in obese-diabetes (db/db) mice were observed to understand the possible mechanism(s) of ephedrine-induced unfavorable responses. The ephedrine doses were selected based on the FDA report (NTP Tech Rep Ser NO 307; CAS# 134-72-5), which showed the non-toxic dose for B6C3F1 mice. In db/db mice, higher doses (6 and 12 mg/mouse) of ephedrine significantly harmed the liver and lung morphology, including fatty liver with multiple blood vessel engorgement, alveolar wall thickening, and inflammatory response in the lung. The immune micro-environment of db/db mice was an inflammatory state with suppressed adaptive cellular immunity. After the administration of ephedrine, significant deterioration of NK activity was observed with lowered gene transcription of klrk1 encoding NKG2D, and of ccl8, a NK cell targeting chemokine. Suppressed cellular immunity in db/db mice was lowered ever further by single ephedrine treatment, as was evidenced by mitogen-induced T or B cell proliferations. These observations demonstrate that at the non-toxic doses in normal B6C3F1 mice, ephedrine clearly suppressed systemic immunity of db/db mice. The data suggest that the immune micro-environment of obese individuals is fragile and susceptible to ephedrine-related pathologic response, and this may be a prelude to the induction of obesity-related secondary immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yongin University, 470 Samga Dong, Cheo-In Gu, Yong-In Si 17092, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyunah Lee
- Immunecell Therapy Research Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital, 78 Dasan-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04597, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Department of Life Science, Yongin University, 470 Samga Dong, Cheo-In Gu, Yong-In Si 17092, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Tobias GC, Gomes JLP, Fernandes LG, Voltarelli VA, de Almeida NR, Jannig PR, de Souza RWA, Negrão CE, Oliveira EM, Chammas R, Alves CRR, Brum PC. Aerobic exercise training mitigates tumor growth and cancer-induced splenomegaly through modulation of non-platelet platelet factor 4 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21970. [PMID: 38081853 PMCID: PMC10713653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training reduces the incidence of several cancers, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Exercise training can affect the spleen function, which controls the hematopoiesis and immune response. Analyzing different cancer models, we identified that 4T1, LLC, and CT26 tumor-bearing mice displayed enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), and exercise training reduced spleen mass toward control levels in two of these models (LLC and CT26). Exercise training also slowed tumor growth in melanoma B16F10, colon tumor 26 (CT26), and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice, with minor effects in mammary carcinoma 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and MMTV-PyMT mice. In silico analyses using transcriptome profiles derived from these models revealed that platelet factor 4 (Pf4) is one of the main upregulated genes associated with splenomegaly during cancer progression. To understand whether exercise training would modulate the expression of these genes in the tumor and spleen, we investigated particularly the CT26 model, which displayed splenomegaly and had a clear response to the exercise training effects. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that trained CT26 tumor-bearing mice had decreased Pf4 mRNA levels in both the tumor and spleen when compared to untrained CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, exercise training specifically decreased Pf4 mRNA levels in the CT26 tumor cells. Aspirin treatment did not change tumor growth, splenomegaly, and tumor Pf4 mRNA levels, confirming that exercise decreased non-platelet Pf4 mRNA levels. Finally, tumor Pf4 mRNA levels are deregulated in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) samples and predict survival in multiple cancer types. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of exercise as a complementary approach to cancer treatment and underscores the importance of understanding the exercise-induced transcriptional changes in the spleen for the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - João L P Gomes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Larissa G Fernandes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ney R de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos E Negrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiano R R Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Çakan E, Ah Kioon MD, Garcia-Carmona Y, Glauzy S, Oliver D, Yamakawa N, Vega Loza A, Du Y, Schickel JN, Boeckers JM, Yang C, Baldo A, Ivashkiv LB, Young RM, Staudt LM, Moody KL, Nündel K, Marshak-Rothstein A, van der Made CI, Hoischen A, Hayward A, Rossato M, Radstake TR, Cunningham-Rundles C, Ryu C, Herzog EL, Barrat FJ, Meffre E. TLR9 ligand sequestration by chemokine CXCL4 negatively affects central B cell tolerance. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230944. [PMID: 37773045 PMCID: PMC10541333 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Central B cell tolerance is believed to be regulated by B cell receptor signaling induced by the recognition of self-antigens in immature B cells. Using humanized mice with defective MyD88, TLR7, or TLR9 expression, we demonstrate that TLR9/MYD88 are required for central B cell tolerance and the removal of developing autoreactive clones. We also show that CXCL4, a chemokine involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), abrogates TLR9 function in B cells by sequestering TLR9 ligands away from the endosomal compartments where this receptor resides. The in vivo production of CXCL4 thereby impedes both TLR9 responses in B cells and the establishment of central B cell tolerance. We conclude that TLR9 plays an essential early tolerogenic function required for the establishment of central B cell tolerance and that correcting defective TLR9 function in B cells from SSc patients may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to restore B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çakan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Garcia-Carmona
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Oliver
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Vega Loza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joshua M. Boeckers
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessia Baldo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krishna L. Moody
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Nündel
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Caspar I. van der Made
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Hayward
- Warren Alper School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Timothy R.D.J. Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Vavlukis A, Mladenovska K, Davalieva K, Vavlukis M, Dimovski A. Rosuvastatin effects on the HDL proteome in hyperlipidemic patients. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:363-384. [PMID: 37708957 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in proteomics have provided a better understanding of the functionality of apolipoproteins and lipoprotein-associated proteins, with the HDL lipoprotein fraction being the most studied. The focus of this study was to evaluate the HDL proteome in dyslipidemic subjects without an established cardiovascular disease, as well as to test whether rosuvastatin treatment alters the HDL proteome. Patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia were assigned to 20 mg/day rosuvastatin and blood samples were drawn at study entry and after 12 weeks of treatment. A label-free LC-MS/MS protein profiling was conducted, coupled with bioinformatics analysis. Sixty-nine HDL proteins were identified, belonging to four main biological function clusters: lipid transport and metabolism; platelet activation, degranulation, and aggregation, wound response and wound healing; immune response; inflammatory and acute phase response. Five HDL proteins showed statistically significant differences in the abundance (Anova ≤ 0.05), before and after rosuvastatin treatment. Platelet factor 4 variant (PF4V1), Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2 (PSG2), Profilin-1 (PFN1) and Keratin type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal (KRT2) showed decreased expressions, while Integrin alpha-IIb (ITGA2B) showed an increased expression after treatment with rosuvastatin. The ELISA validation of PFN1 segregated the subjects into responders and non-responders, as PFN1 levels after rosuvastatin were shown to mostly depend on the subjects' inflammatory phenotype. Findings from this study introduce novel insights into the HDL proteome and statin pleiotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vavlukis
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
| | | | - Katarina Davalieva
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
| | - Marija Vavlukis
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Medicine, 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- University Ss Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", 1000 Skopje RN Macedonia
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8
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Vale N, Pereira M, Mendes RA. Systemic Inflammatory Disorders, Immunosuppressive Treatment and Increase Risk of Head and Neck Cancers-A Narrative Review of Potential Physiopathological and Biological Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:2192. [PMID: 37681925 PMCID: PMC10487135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are known to present multiple factors likely to influence their development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific literature on the interplay between systemic inflammatory disorders, immunosuppressive treatments and their synergistic effect on HNC risk. Both cell-mediated and humoral-mediated systemic inflammatory disorders involve dysregulated immune responses and chronic inflammation and these inflammatory conditions have been associated with an increased risk of HNC development, primarily in the head and neck region. Likewise, the interaction between systemic inflammatory disorders and immunosuppressive treatments appears to amplify the risk of HNC development, as chronic inflammation fosters a tumor-promoting microenvironment, while immunosuppressive therapies further compromise immune surveillance and anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interaction is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, the emerging field of immunotherapy provides potential avenues for managing HNCs associated with systemic inflammatory disorders, but further research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in this specific context. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Pereira
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Amaral Mendes
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-7401, USA
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9
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Michalak N, Małecka-Wojciesko E. Modifiable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Risk Factors. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4318. [PMID: 37445352 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to summarize the modifiable risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that have been known for a long time, as well as information from the most recent reports. As a cancer with a late diagnosis and poor prognosis, accurate analysis of PDAC risk factors is warranted. The incidence of this cancer continues to rise, and the five-year survival rate is the lowest with respect to other tumors. The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic pancreatitis in increasing the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is continually being confirmed. There are also newly emerging reports relating to the impact of lifestyle, including physical activity, the gut and oral microbiome, and hepatotropic viruses. A precise understanding of PDAC risk factors can help to identify groups of high-risk patients, and this may contribute to population awareness and education as well as earlier diagnoses with possible better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Michalak
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Hoeft K, Schaefer GJL, Kim H, Schumacher D, Bleckwehl T, Long Q, Klinkhammer BM, Peisker F, Koch L, Nagai J, Halder M, Ziegler S, Liehn E, Kuppe C, Kranz J, Menzel S, Costa I, Wahida A, Boor P, Schneider RK, Hayat S, Kramann R. Platelet-instructed SPP1 + macrophages drive myofibroblast activation in fibrosis in a CXCL4-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112131. [PMID: 36807143 PMCID: PMC9992450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis represents the common end stage of chronic organ injury independent of the initial insult, destroying tissue architecture and driving organ failure. Here we discover a population of profibrotic macrophages marked by expression of Spp1, Fn1, and Arg1 (termed Spp1 macrophages), which expands after organ injury. Using an unbiased approach, we identify the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) to be among the top upregulated genes during profibrotic Spp1 macrophage differentiation. In vitro and in vivo studies show that loss of Cxcl4 abrogates profibrotic Spp1 macrophage differentiation and ameliorates fibrosis after both heart and kidney injury. Moreover, we find that platelets, the most abundant source of CXCL4 in vivo, drive profibrotic Spp1 macrophage differentiation. Single nuclear RNA sequencing with ligand-receptor interaction analysis reveals that macrophages orchestrate fibroblast activation via Spp1, Fn1, and Sema3 crosstalk. Finally, we confirm that Spp1 macrophages expand in both human chronic kidney disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Hoeft
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gideon J L Schaefer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tore Bleckwehl
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qingqing Long
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Peisker
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Koch
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - James Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Halder
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kranz
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Urology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sylvia Menzel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adam Wahida
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Gynecological Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Technologies, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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11
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Liu YH, Chuang CH, Lee YZ, Lee ET, Lo CL, Wu CY, Huang LK, Bikfalvi A, Sue SC. Structural Properties of CXCL4L1 and Its Recognition of the CXCR3 N-Terminus. Biochemistry 2023; 62:722-734. [PMID: 36626574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine CXCL4L1, a homologue of CXCL4, is a more potent antiangiogenic ligand. Its structural property is correlated with the downstream receptor binding. The two chemokines execute their functions by binding the receptors of CXCR3A and CXCR3B. The receptors differ by an extra 51-residue extension in the CXCR3B N-terminus. To understand the binding specificity, a GB1 protein scaffold was used to carry different CXCR3 extracellular elements, and artificial CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 monomers were engineered for the binding assay. We first characterized the molten globule property of CXCL4L1. The structural property causes the CXCL4L1 tetramer to dissociate into monomers in low concentrations, but native CXCL4 adopts a stable tetramer structure in solution. In the titration experiments, the combination of the CXCR3A N-terminus and receptor extracellular loop 2 provided moderate and comparable binding affinities to CXCL4 and CXCL4L1, while sulfation on the CXCR3A N-terminal tyrosine residues provided binding specificity. However, the CXCR3B N-terminal extension did not show significant enhancement in the binding of CXCL4 or CXCL4L1. This result indicates that the tendency to form a chemokine monomer and the binding affinity together contribute the high antiangiogenic activity of CXCL4L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsin Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chuang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Eh-Tzen Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Ling Lo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Ya Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kun Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Shih-Che Sue
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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12
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Gray AL, Karlsson R, Roberts ARE, Ridley AJL, Pun N, Khan B, Lawless C, Luís R, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A, Hughes CE, Medina-Ruiz L, Birchenough HL, Mulholland IZ, Salanga CL, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, Handel TM, Graham GJ, Jowitt TA, Schiessl I, Richter RP, Miller RL, Dyer DP. Chemokine CXCL4 interactions with extracellular matrix proteoglycans mediate widespread immune cell recruitment independent of chemokine receptors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111930. [PMID: 36640356 PMCID: PMC11064100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into tissues is a crucial component of the immune system but is also key to inflammatory disease. Chemokines are central to this process but have yet to be therapeutically targeted during inflammation due to a lack of mechanistic understanding. Specifically, CXCL4 (Platelet Factor 4, PF4) has no established receptor that explains its function. Here, we use biophysical, in vitro, and in vivo techniques to determine the mechanism underlying CXCL4-mediated leukocyte recruitment. We demonstrate that CXCL4 binds to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugars on proteoglycans within the endothelial extracellular matrix, resulting in increased adhesion of leukocytes to the vasculature, increased vascular permeability, and non-specific recruitment of a range of leukocytes. Furthermore, GAG sulfation confers selectivity onto chemokine localization. These findings present mechanistic insights into chemokine biology and provide future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Gray
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail R E Roberts
- University of Leeds, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amanda J L Ridley
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nabina Pun
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bakhtbilland Khan
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rafael Luís
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 2012 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine E Hughes
- Chemokine Research Group, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Holly L Birchenough
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iashia Z Mulholland
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; Centre for Glycosciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf P Richter
- University of Leeds, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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13
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Pietraforte I, Butera A, Gaddini L, Mennella A, Palazzo R, Campanile D, Stefanantoni K, Riccieri V, Lande R, Frasca L. CXCL4-RNA Complexes Circulate in Systemic Sclerosis and Amplify Inflammatory/Pro-Fibrotic Responses by Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010653. [PMID: 36614095 PMCID: PMC9820649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL4 is an important biomarker of systemic sclerosis (SSc), an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and skin/internal organs fibrosis. CXCL4 contributes to the type I interferon (IFN-I) signature, typical of at least half of SSc patients, and its presence is linked to an unfavorable prognosis. The mechanism implicated is CXCL4 binding to self-DNA, with the formation of complexes amplifying TLR9 stimulation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here, we demonstrate that, upon binding to self-RNA, CXCL4 protects the RNA from enzymatic degradation. As a consequence, CXCL4-RNA complexes persist in vivo. Indeed, we show for the first time that CXCL4-RNA complexes circulate in SSc plasma and correlate with both IFN-I and TNF-α. By using monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) pretreated with IFN-α as a model system (to mimic the SSc milieu of the IFN-I signature), we demonstrate that CXCL4-RNA complexes induce MDDC maturation and increase, in particular, pro-inflammatory TNF-α as well as IL-12, IL-23, IL-8, and pro-collagen, mainly in a TLR7/8-dependent but CXCR3-independent manner. In contrast, MDDCs produced IL-6 and fibronectin independently in their CXCL4 RNA-binding ability. These findings support a role for CXCL4-RNA complexes, besides CXCL4-DNA complexes, in immune amplification via the modulation of myeloid DC effector functions in SSc and also during normal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Pietraforte
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Butera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gaddini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mennella
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Campanile
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Stefanantoni
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Lande
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Frasca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Palazzo R, Stefanantoni K, Cadar M, Butera A, Riccieri V, Lande R, Frasca L. Heparin-Independent and Heparin-Dependent Anti-CXCL4 Antibodies Have a Reciprocal Expression in a Systemic Sclerosis Patients' Cohort. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11040077. [PMID: 36546902 PMCID: PMC9774936 DOI: 10.3390/antib11040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by skin/internal organ fibrosis, vasculopathy and autoimmunity. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) is an early SSc biomarker that predicts worse disease outcome. We previously reported that CXCL4 is an autoantigen in SSc, and anti-CXCL4 antibodies correlated with IFN-I and were more abundant in patients with lung fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether antibodies to CXCL4 in SSc are only directed to CXCL4 or recognize complexes formed by CXCL4 and heparin. Here, by analyzing an SSc cohort, we addressed the occurrence of circulating heparin-dependent VS heparin-independent anti-CXCL4 antibodies and their relationship with a few disease parameters. We found that heparin-dependent, like the heparin-independent antibodies, are higher in SSc as compared to healthy donors; they are detectable in 24% and 30% of the SSc patients, respectively, and appear inversely correlated and mutually exclusive. Like the heparin-independent antibodies, heparin-dependent antibodies correlated with digital ulcers. However, in contrast to heparin-independent antibodies, heparin-dependent antibodies did not correlate with IFN-I, but were largely expressed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This pilot study indicates that heparin-dependent antibodies are worth studying in larger SSc cohorts to address whether they discriminate SSc sub-groups with different pathological characteristics and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Palazzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Stefanantoni
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marius Cadar
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Butera
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Lande
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Frasca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Roewe J, Walachowski S, Sharma A, Berthiaume KA, Reinhardt C, Bosmann M. Bacterial polyphosphates induce CXCL4 and synergize with complement anaphylatoxin C5a in lung injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980733. [PMID: 36405694 PMCID: PMC9669059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphates are linear polymers of inorganic phosphates that exist in all living cells and serve pleiotropic functions. Bacteria produce long-chain polyphosphates, which can interfere with host defense to infection. In contrast, short-chain polyphosphates are released from platelet dense granules and bind to the chemokine CXCL4. Here, we report that long-chain polyphosphates induced the release of CXCL4 from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages in a dose-/time-dependent fashion resulting from an induction of CXCL4 mRNA. This polyphosphate effect was lost after pre-incubation with recombinant exopolyphosphatase (PPX) Fc fusion protein, demonstrating the potency of long chains over monophosphates and ambient cations. In detail, polyphosphate chains >70 inorganic phosphate residues were required to reliably induce CXCL4. Polyphosphates acted independently of the purinergic P2Y1 receptor and the MyD88/TRIF adaptors of Toll-like receptors. On the other hand, polyphosphates augmented LPS/MyD88-induced CXCL4 release, which was explained by intracellular signaling convergence on PI3K/Akt. Polyphosphates induced Akt phosphorylation at threonine-308. Pharmacologic blockade of PI3K (wortmannin, LY294002) antagonized polyphosphate-induced CXCL4 release from macrophages. Intratracheal polyphosphate administration to C57BL/6J mice caused histologic signs of lung injury, disruption of the endothelial-epithelial barrier, influx of Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear neutrophils, depletion of CD11c+SiglecF+ alveolar macrophages, and release of CXCL4. Long-chain polyphosphates synergized with the complement anaphylatoxin, C5a, which was partly explained by upregulation of C5aR1 on myeloid cells. C5aR1-/- mice were protected from polyphosphate-induced lung injury. C5a generation occurred in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of polyphosphate-treated C57BL/6J mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that polyphosphates govern immunomodulation in macrophages and promote acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Roewe
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah Walachowski
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arjun Sharma
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayleigh A. Berthiaume
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Dai D, Cheng Z, Feng S, Zhu Z, Yu J, Zhang W, Lu H, Zhang R, Zhu J. Quantitative Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Proteomics and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis of Plasma Samples for the Discovery of Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Atherosclerosis Risk Factors. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:966-980. [PMID: 36255451 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates atherosclerosis. The mechanism of CKD-related atherosclerosis is complex, and CKD-specific risk factors may contribute to this process in addition to traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In the present study, to discover CKD-specific atherosclerosis risk factors, a total of 62 patients with different stages of kidney function were enrolled. All patients underwent coronary angiographies and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was defined by the SYNTAX score. Patients were divided into different groups according to their kidney function levels and coronary atherosclerosis severity. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma samples, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify significant protein modules and hub proteins related to CKD-specific atherosclerosis. The results showed that 10 DEPs associated with atherosclerosis were found in the comparative groups with modest and severe CKD. Through WGCNA, 1768 proteins were identified and 8 protein modules were established. Enrichment analyses of protein modules revealed functional clusters mainly associated with inflammation and the complement and coagulation cascade as atherosclerosis developed under CKD conditions. The results may help to better understand the mechanisms of CKD-related atherosclerosis and guide future research on developing treatments for CKD-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daopeng Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Soliman SA, Stanley S, Vanarsa K, Ismail F, Mok CC, Mohan C. Exploring urine:serum fractional excretion ratios as potential biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910993. [PMID: 36091001 PMCID: PMC9449537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The goal of this exploratory study is to determine if urine:serum fractional excretion ratios can outperform the corresponding urinary biomarker proteins in identifying active renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Thirty-six adult SLE patients and twelve healthy controls were examined for serum and urine levels of 8 protein markers, namely ALCAM, calpastatin, hemopexin, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), platelet factor 4 (PF4), properdin, TFPI and VCAM-1, by ELISA. Fractional excretion of analyzed biomarkers was calculated after normalizing both the urine and serum biomarker levels against creatinine. A further validation cohort of fifty SLE patients was included to validate the initial findings. Results The FE ratios of all 8 proteins interrogated outperformed conventional disease activity markers such as anti-dsDNA, C3 and C4 in identifying renal disease activity. All but VCAM-1FE were superior to the corresponding urine biomarkers levels in differentiating LN activity, exhibiting positive correlation with renal SLEDAI. ALCAMFE, PF4FE and properdinFE ratios exhibited the highest accuracy (AUC>0.9) in distinguishing active LN from inactive SLE. Four of the FE ratios exhibited perfect sensitivity (calpastatin, PRDX6, PF4 and properdin), while ALCAMFE, PF4FE and properdinFE exhibited the highest specificity values for active LN. In addition, several of these novel biomarkers were associated with higher renal pathology activity indices. In the validation cohort ALCAMFE, PF4FE and properdinFE once again exhibited higher accuracy metrics, surpassing corresponding urine and serum biomarkers levels, with ALCAMFE exhibiting 95% accuracy in distinguishing active LN from inactive SLE. Conclusions With most of the tested proteins, urine:serum fractional excretion ratios outperformed corresponding urine and serum protein measurements in identifying active renal involvement in SLE. Hence, this novel class of biomarkers in SLE ought to be systemically evaluated in larger independent cohorts for their diagnostic utility in LN assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A. Soliman
- Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Stanley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Faten Ismail
- Department of Rheumatology & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Chandra Mohan,
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Soliman SA, Haque A, Vanarsa K, Zhang T, Ismail F, Lee KH, Pedroza C, Greenbaum LA, Mason S, Hicks MJ, Wenderfer SE, Mohan C. Urine ALCAM, PF4 and VCAM-1 Surpass Conventional Metrics in Identifying Nephritis Disease Activity in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885307. [PMID: 35720325 PMCID: PMC9204340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Serial kidney biopsy for repeat evaluation and monitoring of lupus nephritis (LN) in childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE) remains challenging, thus non-invasive biomarkers are needed. Here, we evaluate the performance of ten urine protein markers of diverse nature including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in distinguishing disease activity in cSLE. Methods Eighty-four pediatric patients meeting ≥4 ACR criteria for SLE were prospectively enrolled for urine assay of 10 protein markers normalized to urine creatinine, namely ALCAM, cystatin-C, hemopexin, KIM-1, MCP-1, NGAL, PF-4, Timp-1, TWEAK, and VCAM-1 by ELISA. Samples from active renal (LN) and active non-renal SLE patients were obtained prior to onset/escalation of immunosuppression. SLE disease activity was evaluated using SLEDAI-2000. 59 patients had clinically-active SLE (SLEDAI score ≥4 or having a flare), of whom 29 patients (34.5%) were classified as active renal, and 30 patients (35.7%) were active non-renal. Twenty-five healthy subjects were recruited as controls. Results Urine concentrations of ALCAM, KIM-1, PF4 and VCAM-1 were significantly increased in active LN patients versus active non-renal SLE, inactive SLE and healthy controls. Five urine proteins differed significantly between 2 (hemopexin, NGAL, MCP1) or 3 (Cystatin-C, TWEAK) groups only, with the highest levels detected in active LN patients. Urine ALCAM, VCAM-1, PF4 and hemopexin correlated best with total SLEDAI as well as renal-SLEDAI scores (p < 0.05). Urine ALCAM, VCAM-1 and hemopexin outperformed conventional laboratory measures (anti-dsDNA, complement C3 and C4) in identifying concurrent SLE disease activity among patients (AUCs 0.75, 0.81, 0.81 respectively), while urine ALCAM, VCAM-1 and PF4 were the best discriminators of renal disease activity in cSLE (AUCs 0.83, 0.88, 0.78 respectively), surpassing conventional biomarkers, including proteinuria. Unsupervised Bayesian network analysis based on conditional probabilities re-affirmed urine ALCAM as being most predictive of active LN in cSLE patients. Conclusion Urinary ALCAM, PF4, and VCAM-1 are potential biomarkers for predicting kidney disease activity in cSLE and hold potential as surrogate markers of nephritis flares in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Soliman
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX, United States
| | - Anam Haque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX, United States
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX, United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX, United States
| | - Faten Ismail
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Kyung Hyun Lee
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Sherene Mason
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - M John Hicks
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston TX, United States
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Martin Calderon L, Pope JE. Precursors to Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease to the Development of Identifiable Connective Tissue Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869172. [PMID: 35603174 PMCID: PMC9118990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), is characterized by derangements of the innate and adaptive immune system, and inflammatory pathways leading to autoimmunity, chronic cytokine production, and chronic inflammation. The diagnosis of these diseases is based on meeting established criteria with symptoms, signs and autoantibodies. However, there are pre-clinical states where criteria are not fulfilled but biochemical and autoimmune derangements are present. Understanding the underlying processes responsible for disease pathogenesis in pre-clinical states, which place patients at increased risk for the development of established connective tissue diseases, represents an opportunity for early identification and potentially enables timely treatment with the goal of limiting disease progression and improved prognosis. This scoping review describes the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the pre-clinical states of undifferentiated CTD at risk for SSc and prescleroderma, the evolution of antibodies from nonspecific to specific antinuclear antibodies prior to SLE development, and the signaling pathways and inflammatory markers of fibroblast, endothelial, and T cell activation underlying immune dysregulation in these pre-clinical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martin Calderon
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janet E Pope
- Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Health Care, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Lu X, Wang Z, Ye D, Feng Y, Liu M, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao M, Xu S, Ye J, Wan J. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:765768. [PMID: 35668739 PMCID: PMC9163960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases with high disability and mortality rates. In the elderly population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing annually. Between 1990 and 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of CVD in China significantly increased by 14.7%, and the number of cardiovascular disease deaths increased from 2.51 million to 3.97 million. Much research has indicated that cardiovascular disease is closely related to inflammation, immunity, injury and repair. Chemokines, which induce directed chemotaxis of reactive cells, are divided into four subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC. As cytokines, CXC chemokines are similarly involved in inflammation, immunity, injury, and repair and play a role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, aortic aneurysm, cardiac fibrosis, postcardiac rejection, and atrial fibrillation. Here, we explored the relationship between the chemokine CXC subset and cardiovascular disease and its mechanism of action with the goal of further understanding the onset of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Ye
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
| | - Jun Wan
- *Correspondence: Jing Ye, ; Jun Wan,
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21
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Feng Z, Xu L, Xie Z. Receptors for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Host Factors Regulating the Life Cycle of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858629. [PMID: 35281439 PMCID: PMC8913501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections and responsible for a large proportion of mortality in children and the elderly. There are no licensed vaccines available to date. Prophylaxis and therapeutic RSV-specific antibodies are limited to populations at high risk owing to high cost and uncertain clinical value. Receptors and host factors are two determinants important for virus entry and establishment of infection in vivo. The identification and understanding of viral receptors and host factors can help us to gain insight into the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Herein, we reviewed receptors and host factors that have been reported thus far. RSV could bind to CX3C chemokine receptor 1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans via the G protein, and to nucleolin, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via the F protein. Seven host restriction factors and 13 host factors essential for RSV infection were reviewed. We characterized the functions and their roles in the life cycle of RSV, trying to provide an update on the information of RSV-related receptors and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Xu,
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Kaczor DM, Kramann R, Hackeng TM, Schurgers LJ, Koenen RR. Differential Effects of Platelet Factor 4 (CXCL4) and Its Non-Allelic Variant (CXCL4L1) on Cultured Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020580. [PMID: 35054772 PMCID: PMC8775478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4) is a chemokine abundantly stored in platelets. Upon injury and during atherosclerosis, CXCL4 is transported through the vessel wall where it modulates the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by affecting proliferation, migration, gene expression and cytokine release. Variant CXCL4L1 is distinct from CXCL4 in function and expression pattern, despite a minor three-amino acid difference. Here, the effects of CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 on the phenotype and function of human VSMCs were compared in vitro. VSMCs were found to constitutively express CXCL4L1 and only exogenously added CXCL4 was internalized by VSMCs. Pre-treatment with heparin completely blocked CXCL4 uptake. A role of the putative CXCL4 receptors CXCR3 and DARC in endocytosis was excluded, but LDL receptor family members appeared to be involved in the uptake of CXCL4. Incubation of VSMCs with both CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 resulted in decreased expression of contractile marker genes and increased mRNA levels of KLF4 and NLRP3 transcription factors, yet only CXCL4 stimulated proliferation and calcification of VSMCs. In conclusion, CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 both modulate gene expression, yet only CXCL4 increases the division rate and formation of calcium-phosphate crystals in VSMCs. CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 may play distinct roles during vascular remodeling in which CXCL4 induces proliferation and calcification while endogenously expressed CXCL4L1 governs cellular homeostasis. The latter notion remains a subject for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid M. Kaczor
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology and Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Rory R. Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.M.K.); (T.M.H.); (L.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433-881-674
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23
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Qu X, Leung TCN, Ngai SM, Tsai SN, Thakur A, Li WK, Lee Y, Leung L, Ng TH, Yam J, Lan L, Lau EHL, Wong EWY, Chan JYK, Meehan K. Proteomic Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2179. [PMID: 34571828 PMCID: PMC8468562 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is the most reliable indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with oral tongue cancers. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict whether a cancer will spread in the future if it has not already spread at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to quantitatively profile the proteomes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from blood samples taken from patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement and non-cancer controls. EVs were enriched using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from pooled plasma samples of patients with non-nodal and nodal oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and non-cancer controls. Protein cargo was quantitatively profiled using isobaric labelling (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 208 EV associated proteins and, after filtering, generated a short list of 136 proteins. Over 85% of the EV-associated proteins were associated with the GO cellular compartment term "extracellular exosome". Comparisons between non-cancer controls and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement revealed 43 unique candidate EV-associated proteins with deregulated expression patterns. The shortlisted EV associated proteins described here may be useful discriminatory biomarkers for differentiating OTSCC with and without nodal disease or non-cancer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Thomas C. N. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wing-Kar Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Leanne Leung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Tung-Him Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Judy Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Linlin Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eric H. L. Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eddy W. Y. Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Jason Y. K. Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
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Kandikattu HK, Venkateshaiah SU, Mishra A. Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1182-1210. [PMID: 32324526 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200423095700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1α/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-κB signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth K Kandikattu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Sathisha U Venkateshaiah
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anil Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Tulane Eosinophilic Disorders Centre (TEDC), Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
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25
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Multiplexed Prostate Cancer Companion Diagnostic Devices. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21155023. [PMID: 34372259 PMCID: PMC8347987 DOI: 10.3390/s21155023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most prominent forms of cancer for men. Since the early 1990s, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) has been a commonly recognized PCa-associated protein biomarker. However, PSA testing has been shown to lack in specificity and sensitivity when needed to diagnose, monitor and/or treat PCa patients successfully. One enhancement could include the simultaneous detection of multiple PCa-associated protein biomarkers alongside PSA, also known as multiplexing. If conventional methods such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used, multiplexed detection of such protein biomarkers can result in an increase in the required sample volume, in the complexity of the analytical procedures, and in adding to the cost. Using companion diagnostic devices such as biosensors, which can be portable and cost-effective with multiplexing capacities, may address these limitations. This review explores recent research for multiplexed PCa protein biomarker detection using optical and electrochemical biosensor platforms. Some of the novel and potential serum-based PCa protein biomarkers will be discussed in this review. In addition, this review discusses the importance of converting research protocols into multiplex point-of-care testing (xPOCT) devices to be used in near-patient settings, providing a more personalized approach to PCa patients’ diagnostic, surveillance and treatment management.
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CD8 + T cells inhibit metastasis and CXCL4 regulates its function. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:176-189. [PMID: 33795809 PMCID: PMC8292398 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which immune cells regulate metastasis is unclear. Understanding the role of immune cells in metastasis will guide the development of treatments improving patient survival. METHODS We used syngeneic orthotopic mouse tumour models (wild-type, NOD/scid and Nude), employed knockout (CD8 and CD4) models and administered CXCL4. Tumours and lungs were analysed for cancer cells by bioluminescence, and circulating tumour cells were isolated from blood. Immunohistochemistry on the mouse tumours was performed to confirm cell type, and on a tissue microarray with 180 TNBCs for human relevance. TCGA data from over 10,000 patients were analysed as well. RESULTS We reveal that intratumoral immune infiltration differs between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours. The non-metastatic tumours harbour high levels of CD8+ T cells and low levels of platelets, which is reverse in metastatic tumours. During tumour progression, platelets and CXCL4 induce differentiation of monocytes into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which inhibit CD8+ T-cell function. TCGA pan-cancer data confirmed that CD8lowPlatelethigh patients have a significantly lower survival probability compared to CD8highPlateletlow. CONCLUSIONS CD8+ T cells inhibit metastasis. When the balance between CD8+ T cells and platelets is disrupted, platelets produce CXCL4, which induces MDSCs thereby inhibiting the CD8+ T-cell function.
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Saxena S, Singh RK. Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:447-476. [PMID: 33959849 PMCID: PMC9863248 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful treatment of disseminated cancer is a significant challenge. The most crucial problem for treating metastatic cancer is developing therapy regimes capable of overcoming heterogeneity problems within primary tumors and among metastases and within metastases (intralesional). This heterogeneity of malignant tumor cells can be related to metastatic potential, response to chemotherapy or specific immunotherapy, and many other factors. In this review, we have emphasized the role of chemokines in the process of metastasis and metastatic heterogeneity. Individual chemokines may not express the full potential to address metastatic heterogeneity, but chemokine networks need exploration. Understanding the interplay between chemokine-chemokine receptor networks between the tumor cells and their microenvironment is a novel approach to overcome the problem of metastatic heterogeneity. Recent advances in the understanding of chemokine networks pave the way for developing a potential targeted therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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O'Reilly E, Zeinabad HA, Szegezdi E. Hematopoietic versus leukemic stem cell quiescence: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Blood Rev 2021; 50:100850. [PMID: 34049731 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are responsible for the production of mature blood cells. To ensure that the HSC pool does not get exhausted over the lifetime of an individual, most HSCs are in a state of quiescence with only a small proportion of HSCs dividing at any one time. HSC quiescence is carefully controlled by both intrinsic and extrinsic, niche-driven mechanisms. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the leukemic cells overtake the hematopoietic bone marrow niche where they acquire a quiescent state. These dormant AML cells are resistant to chemotherapeutics. Because they can re-establish the disease after therapy, they are often termed as quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSC) or leukemia-initiating cells. While advancements are being made to target particular driver mutations in AML, there is less focus on how to tackle the drug resistance of quiescent LSCs. This review summarises the current knowledge on the biochemical characteristics of quiescent HSCs and LSCs, the intracellular signaling pathways and the niche-driven mechanisms that control quiescence and the key differences between HSC- and LSC-quiescence that may be exploited for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear O'Reilly
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hojjat Alizadeh Zeinabad
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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New Autoantibody Specificities in Systemic Sclerosis and Very Early Systemic Sclerosis. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10020012. [PMID: 33800661 PMCID: PMC8103273 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) is a biomarker of unfavorable prognosis in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), a potentially severe autoimmune condition, characterized by vasculitis, fibrosis and interferon (IFN)-I-signature. We recently reported that autoantibodies to CXCL4 circulate in SSc patients and correlate with IFN-α. Here, we used shorter versions of CXCL4 and CXCL4-L1, the CXCL4 non-allelic variant, to search for autoantibodies exclusively reacting to one or the other CXCL4 form. Moreover, to address whether anti-CXCL4/CXCL4-L1 antibodies were present before SSc onset and predicted SSc-progression, we longitudinally studied two VEDOSS (Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis) patient cohorts, separating SSc-progressors from SSc-non-progressors. We found that anti-CXCL4-specific autoantibodies were present in both SSc and VEDOSS patients (both SSc-progressors and SSc-non-progressors). Anti-CXCL4-L1-specific autoantibodies were especially detected in long-standing SSc (lsSSc). Anti-CXCL4/CXCL4-L1 antibodies correlated with IFN-α and with specific SSc-skin features but only in lsSSc and not in early SSc (eaSSc) or VEDOSS. Thus, a broader antibody response, with reactivity spreading to CXCL4-L1, is characteristic of lsSSc. The early anti-CXCL4 autoantibody response seems qualitatively different from, and likely less pathogenic than, that observed in advanced SSc. Lastly, we confirm that anti-CXCL4 autoantibodies are SSc-biomarkers and uncover that also CXCL4-L1 becomes an autoantigen in lsSSc.
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Increased CXCL4 expression in hematopoietic cells links inflammation and progression of bone marrow fibrosis in MPN. Blood 2021; 136:2051-2064. [PMID: 32726410 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that leads to progressive bone marrow (BM) fibrosis. Although the cellular mutations involved in the pathogenesis of PMF have been extensively investigated, the sequential events that drive stromal activation and fibrosis by hematopoietic-stromal cross-talk remain elusive. Using an unbiased approach and validation in patients with MPN, we determined that the differential spatial expression of the chemokine CXCL4/platelet factor-4 marks the progression of fibrosis. We show that the absence of hematopoietic CXCL4 ameliorates the MPN phenotype, reduces stromal cell activation and BM fibrosis, and decreases the activation of profibrotic pathways in megakaryocytes, inflammation in fibrosis-driving cells, and JAK/STAT activation in both megakaryocytes and stromal cells in 3 murine PMF models. Our data indicate that higher CXCL4 expression in MPN has profibrotic effects and is a mediator of the characteristic inflammation. Therefore, targeting CXCL4 might be a promising strategy to reduce inflammation in PMF.
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Abstract
Megakaryocytes give rise to platelets, which have a wide variety of functions in coagulation, immune response, inflammation, and tissue repair. Dysregulation of megakaryocytes is a key feature of in the myeloproliferative neoplasms, especially myelofibrosis. Megakaryocytes are among the main drivers of myelofibrosis by promoting myeloproliferation and bone marrow fibrosis. In vivo targeting of megakaryocytes by genetic and pharmacologic approaches ameliorates the disease, underscoring the important role of megakaryocytes in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Here we review the current knowledge of the function of megakaryocytes in the JAK2, CALR, and MPL-mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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32
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Dai H, Rachakonda SP, Penack O, Blau IW, Blau O, Radujkovic A, Müller-Tidow C, Dreger P, Kumar R, Luft T. Polymorphisms in CXCR3 ligands predict early CXCL9 recovery and severe chronic GVHD. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:42. [PMID: 33640906 PMCID: PMC7914250 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). The individual risk of severe cGVHD remains difficult to predict and may involve CXCR3 ligands. This study investigated the role of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, and their day +28 serum levels, in cGVHD pathogenesis. Eighteen CXCR3 and CXCL4, CXCL9-11 SNPs as well as peri-transplant CXCL9-11 serum levels were analyzed in 688 patients without (training cohort; n = 287) or with statin-based endothelial protection cohort (n = 401). Clinical outcomes were correlated to serum levels and SNP status. Significant polymorphisms were further analyzed by luciferase reporter assays. Findings were validated in an independent cohort (n = 202). A combined genetic risk comprising four CXCR3 ligand SNPs was significantly associated with increased risk of severe cGVHD in both training cohort (hazard ratio (HR) 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-4.64, P = 0.004) and validation cohort (HR 2.95, 95% CI 1.56-5.58, P = 0.001). In reporter assays, significantly reduced suppressive effects of calcineurin inhibitors in constructs with variant alleles of rs884304 (P < 0.001) and rs884004 (P < 0.001) were observed. CXCL9 serum levels at day +28 after alloSCT correlated with both genetic risk and risk of severe cGVHD (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10-1.73, P = 0.006). This study identifies patients with high genetic risk to develop severe cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Penack
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor W Blau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Blau
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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Tuttolomondo A, Puleo MG, Velardo MC, Corpora F, Daidone M, Pinto A. Molecular Biology of Atherosclerotic Ischemic Strokes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249372. [PMID: 33317034 PMCID: PMC7763838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the causes of global death and disability, ischemic stroke (also known as cerebral ischemia) plays a pivotal role, by determining the highest number of worldwide mortality, behind cardiomyopathies, affecting 30 million people. The etiopathogenetic burden of a cerebrovascular accident could be brain ischemia (~80%) or intracranial hemorrhage (~20%). The most common site when ischemia occurs is the one is perfused by middle cerebral arteries. Worse prognosis and disablement consequent to brain damage occur in elderly patients or affected by neurological impairment, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Since, in the coming years, estimates predict an exponential increase of people who have diabetes, the disease mentioned above constitutes together with stroke a severe social and economic burden. In diabetic patients after an ischemic stroke, an exorbitant activation of inflammatory molecular pathways and ongoing inflammation is responsible for more severe brain injury and impairment, promoting the advancement of ischemic stroke and diabetes. Considering that the ominous prognosis of ischemic brain damage could by partially clarified by way of already known risk factors the auspice would be modifying poor outcome in the post-stroke phase detecting novel biomolecules associated with poor prognosis and targeting them for revolutionary therapeutic strategies.
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34
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Han Z, Rao J, Xie Z, Wang C, Xu B, Qian S, Wang Y, Zhu J, Yang B, Xu F, Lei X, Guo F, Zhao Z, Ren L, Wang J. Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 4 Is a Restrictor of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and an Indicator of Clinical Severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:717-729. [PMID: 32543879 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1567oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of childhood respiratory infections worldwide; however, no vaccine is available, and treatment options are limited. Identification of host factors pivotal to viral replication may inform the development of novel therapies, prophylaxes, or diagnoses.Objectives: To identify host factors involved in RSV replication and to evaluate their potential for disease management.Methods: A gain-of-function screening was performed on the basis of a genome-wide human complementary DNA library screen for host factors involved in RSV replication. The antiviral mechanism of CXCL4 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 4) was analyzed. Its clinical role was evaluated via nasopharyngeal aspirates and plasma samples from patients with RSV infection and different disease severities.Measurements and Main Results: Forty-nine host factors restricting RSV replication were identified by gain-of-function screening, with CXCL4 showing the strongest antiviral effect, which was secretion dependent. CXCL4 blocked viral attachment through binding to the RSV main receptor heparan sulfate, instead of through interacting with RSV surface proteins. Intranasal pretreatment with CXCL4 alleviated inflammation in RSV-infected mice, as shown by decreased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor and viral load in BAL fluid samples as well as by viral nucleocapsid protein histological staining in lungs. Compared with non-RSV infections, RSV infections induced elevated CXCL4 concentrations both in plasma and airway samples from mice and pediatric patients. The airway CXCL4 concentration was correlated with viral load and disease severity in patients (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our results suggest that CXCL4 is an RSV restriction factor that can block viral entry and serve as an indicator of clinical severity in RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Han
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Rao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases and National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children and
| | - Conghui Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases and National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children and
| | - Suyun Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, and.,Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases and National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and.,Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children and
| | - Yingying Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwen Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and.,Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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35
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Shainker SA, Silver RM, Modest AM, Hacker MR, Hecht JL, Salahuddin S, Dillon ST, Ciampa EJ, D'Alton ME, Otu HH, Abuhamad AZ, Einerson BD, Branch DW, Wylie BJ, Libermann TA, Karumanchi SA. Placenta accreta spectrum: biomarker discovery using plasma proteomics. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:433.e1-433.e14. [PMID: 32199927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cases of placenta accreta spectrum are not diagnosed antenatally, despite identified risk factors and improved imaging methods. Identification of plasma protein biomarkers could further improve the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine if women with placenta accreta spectrum have a distinct plasma protein profile compared with control subjects. STUDY DESIGN We obtained plasma samples before delivery from 16 participants with placenta accreta spectrum and 10 control subjects with similar gestational ages (35.1 vs 35.5 weeks gestation, respectively). We analyzed plasma samples with an aptamer-based proteomics platform for alterations in 1305 unique proteins. Heat maps of the most differentially expressed proteins (T test, P<.01) were generated with matrix visualization and analysis software. Principal component analysis was performed with the use of all 1305 proteins and the top 21 dysregulated proteins. We then confirmed dysregulated proteins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and report significant differences between placenta accreta spectrum and control cases (Wilcoxon-rank sum test, P<.05). RESULTS Many of the top 50 proteins that significantly dysregulated in participants with placenta accreta spectrum were inflammatory cytokines, factors that regulate vascular remodeling, and extracellular matrix proteins that regulate invasion. Placenta accreta spectrum, with the use of the top 21 proteins, distinctly separated the placenta accreta spectrum cases from control cases (P<.01). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we confirmed 4 proteins that were dysregulated in placenta accreta spectrum compared with control cases: median antithrombin III concentrations (240.4 vs 150.3 mg/mL; P=.002), median plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 concentrations (4.1 vs 7.1 ng/mL; P<.001), soluble Tie2 (13.5 vs 10.4 ng/mL; P=.02), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (9.0 vs 5.9 ng/mL; P=.003). CONCLUSION Participants with placenta accreta spectrum had a unique and distinct plasma protein signature.
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36
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Anti-CXCL4 Antibody Reactivity Is Present in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) and Correlates with the SSc Type I Interferon Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145102. [PMID: 32707718 PMCID: PMC7404208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by skin/internal organ fibrosis, vasculopathy and autoimmunity. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) is an SSc biomarker, predicting unfavorable prognosis and lung fibrosis. CXCL4 binds DNA/RNA and favors interferon (IFN)-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), contributing to the type I IFN (IFN-I) signature in SSc patients. However, whether CXCL4 is an autoantigen in SSc is unknown. Here, we show that at least half of SSc patients show consistent antibody reactivity to CXCL4. T-cell proliferation to CXCL4, tested in a limited number of patients, correlates with anti-CXCL4 antibody reactivity. Antibodies to CXCL4 mostly correlate with circulating IFN-α levels and are significantly higher in patients with lung fibrosis in two independent SSc cohorts. Antibodies to CXCL4 implement the CXCL4-DNA complex's effect on IFN-α production by pDCs; CXCL4-DNA/RNA complexes stimulate purified human B-cells to become antibody-secreting plasma cells in vitro. These data indicate that CXCL4 is indeed an autoantigen in SSc and suggest that CXCL4, and CXCL4-specific autoantibodies, can fuel a harmful loop: CXCL4-DNA/RNA complexes induce IFN-α in pDCs and direct B-cell stimulation, including the secretion of anti-CXCL4 antibodies. Anti-CXCL4 antibodies may further increase pDC stimulation and IFN-α release in vivo, creating a vicious cycle which sustains the SSc IFN-I signature and general inflammation.
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37
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Niu C, Yang Y, Huynh A, Nazy I, Kaltashov IA. Platelet Factor 4 Interactions with Short Heparin Oligomers: Implications for Folding and Assembly. Biophys J 2020; 119:1371-1379. [PMID: 32348723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Association of platelet factor 4 (PF4) with heparin is a first step in formation of aggregates implicated in the development of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a potentially fatal immune disorder affecting 1-5% of patients receiving heparin. Despite being a critically important element in HIT etiology, relatively little is known about the specific molecular mechanism of PF4-heparin interactions. This work uses native mass spectrometry to investigate PF4 interactions with relatively short heparin chains (up to decasaccharides). The protein is shown to be remarkably unstable at physiological ionic strength in the absence of polyanions; only monomeric species are observed, and the extent of multiple charging of corresponding ions indicates a partial loss of conformational integrity. The tetramer signal remains at or below the detection threshold in the mass spectra until the solution's ionic strength is elevated well above the physiological level, highlighting the destabilizing role played by electrostatic interactions vis-à-vis quaternary structure of this high-pI protein. The tetramer assembly is dramatically facilitated by relatively short polyanions (synthetic heparin-mimetic pentasaccharide), with the majority of the protein molecules existing in the tetrameric state even at physiological ionic strength. Each tetramer accommodates up to six pentasaccharides, with at least three such ligands required to guarantee the higher-order structure integrity. Similar results are obtained for PF4 association with longer and structurally heterogeneous heparin oligomers (decamers). These longer polyanions can also induce PF4 dimer assembly when bound to the protein in relatively low numbers, lending support to a model of PF4/heparin interaction in which the latter wraps around the protein, making contacts with multiple subunits. Taken together, these results provide a more nuanced picture of PF4-glycosaminoglycan interactions leading to complex formation. This work also advocates for a greater utilization of native mass spectrometry in elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying HIT, as well as other physiological processes driven by electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Niu
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Yang
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Angela Huynh
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
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38
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Cai S, Yang Q, Cao Y, Li Y, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu L, Li X, Zhang Y. PF4 antagonizes retinal neovascularization via inhibiting PRAS40 phosphorylation in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Frasca L, Lande R. Toll-like receptors in mediating pathogenesis in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:14-24. [PMID: 32048277 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors essential for the host defence against pathogens. Both immune and non-immune cells can express TLRs, although at different levels. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease in which autoimmunity, dysregulated profibrotic mediator release and activation of fibroblasts lead to dysregulated collagen deposition and fibrosis. There is now increasing knowledge that the innate immune system and, in particular, TLRs take a part in SSc pathogenesis. The list of endogenous ligands that can stimulate TLRs in SSc is growing: these ligands represent specific danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), involved either in the initiation or the perpetuation of inflammation, and in the release of factors that sustain the fibrotic process or directly stimulate the cells that produce collagen and the endothelial cells. This review reports evidences concerning TLR signalling involvement in SSc. We report the new DAMPs, as well as the TLR-linked pathways involved in disease, with emphasis on type I interferon signature in SSc, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and platelets. The dissection of the contribution of all these pathways to disease, and their correlation with the disease status, as well as their values as prognostic tools, can help to plan timely intervention and design new drugs for more appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frasca
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological Research and Experimental Therapy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Lande
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological Research and Experimental Therapy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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40
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David BA, Kubes P. Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:9-30. [PMID: 30977202 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is fundamental for leukocyte migration in immunity and inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Although chemokines and various other chemoattractants were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, in the past years they have emerged as critical mediators of cell migration during immune surveillance, organ development, and cancer progression. Such advances in our knowledge in chemokine biology have paved the way for the development of specific pharmacological targets with great therapeutic potential. Chemoattractants may belong to different classes, including a complex chemokine system of approximately 50 endogenous molecules that bind to G protein-coupled receptors, which are expressed by a wide variety of cell types. Also, an unknown number of other chemoattractants may be generated by pathogens and damaged/dead cells. Therefore, blocking chemotaxis without causing side effects is an extremely challenging task. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the whole organ level in homeostasis, inflammation, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna A David
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bikfalvi A, Billottet C. The CC and CXC chemokines: major regulators of tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C542-C554. [PMID: 31913695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00378.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of soluble cytokines that act as chemoattractants to guide the migration of cells, in particular of immune cells. However, chemokines are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer, and metastasis. This review discusses the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment and their supportive and inhibitory roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor immunity. We also specially focus on the diverse roles of CXC chemokines (CXCL9-11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1) and their two chemokine receptor CXCR3 isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. These two distinct isoforms have divergent roles in tumors, either promoting (CXCR3-A) or inhibiting (CXCR3-B) tumor progression. Their effects are mediated not only directly in tumor cells but also indirectly via the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. A full comprehension of their mechanisms of action is critical to further validate these chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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42
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Li C, Zhou Y, Liu J, Su X, Qin H, Huang S, Huang X, Zhou N. Potential Markers from Serum-Purified Exosomes for Detecting Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1668-1681. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Li D, Finley SD. Exploring the Extracellular Regulation of the Tumor Angiogenic Interaction Network Using a Systems Biology Model. Front Physiol 2019; 10:823. [PMID: 31379588 PMCID: PMC6656929 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Anti-angiogenic agents target the interconnected network of angiogenic factors to inhibit neovascularization, which subsequently impedes tumor growth. Due to the complexity of this network, optimizing anti-angiogenic cancer treatments requires detailed knowledge at a systems level. In this study, we constructed a tumor tissue-based model to better understand how the angiogenic network is regulated by opposing mediators at the extracellular level. We consider the network comprised of two pro-angiogenic factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), and two anti-angiogenic factors: thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). The model's prediction of angiogenic factors' distribution in tumor tissue reveals the localization of different factors and indicates the angiogenic state of the tumor. We explored how the distributions are affected by the secretion of the pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, illustrating how the angiogenic network is regulated in the extracellular space. Interestingly, we identified a counterintuitive result that the secretion of the anti-angiogenic factor PF4 can enhance pro-angiogenic signaling by elevating the levels of the interstitial and surface-level pro-angiogenic species. This counterintuitive situation is pertinent to the clinical setting, such as the release of anti-angiogenic factors in platelet activation or the administration of exogenous PF4 for anti-angiogenic therapy. Our study provides mechanistic insights into this counterintuitive result and highlights the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in regulating the interactions between angiogenic factors. This work complements previous studies aimed at understanding the formation of angiogenic complexes in tumor tissue and helps in the development of anti-cancer strategies targeting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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44
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Lande R, Lee EY, Palazzo R, Marinari B, Pietraforte I, Santos GS, Mattenberger Y, Spadaro F, Stefanantoni K, Iannace N, Dufour AM, Falchi M, Bianco M, Botti E, Bianchi L, Alvarez M, Riccieri V, Truchetet ME, C.L. Wong G, Chizzolini C, Frasca L. CXCL4 assembles DNA into liquid crystalline complexes to amplify TLR9-mediated interferon-α production in systemic sclerosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1731. [PMID: 31043596 PMCID: PMC6494823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vasculopathy. CXCL4 represents an early serum biomarker of severe SSc and likely contributes to inflammation via chemokine signaling pathways, but the exact role of CXCL4 in SSc pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we elucidate an unanticipated mechanism for CXCL4-mediated immune amplification in SSc, in which CXCL4 organizes "self" and microbial DNA into liquid crystalline immune complexes that amplify TLR9-mediated plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-hyperactivation and interferon-α production. Surprisingly, this activity does not require CXCR3, the CXCL4 receptor. Importantly, we find that CXCL4-DNA complexes are present in vivo and correlate with type I interferon (IFN-I) in SSc blood, and that CXCL4-positive skin pDCs coexpress IFN-I-related genes. Thus, we establish a direct link between CXCL4 overexpression and the IFN-I-gene signature in SSc and outline a paradigm in which chemokines can drastically modulate innate immune receptors without being direct agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lande
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological research and experimental therapy UNIT, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernest Y. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological research and experimental therapy UNIT, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Marinari
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
| | - Immacolata Pietraforte
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Santiago Santos
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yves Mattenberger
- Department of Microbiol and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Confocal Microscopy Unit, Core Facilities, Rome, 00161 Italy
| | - Katia Stefanantoni
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Iannace
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Maria Dufour
- Immunology & Allergy and Immunology & Pathology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Falchi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National AIDS Center, Rome, 00161 Italy
| | - Manuela Bianco
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological research and experimental therapy UNIT, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Botti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
| | - Montserrat Alvarez
- Immunology & Allergy and Immunology & Pathology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Riccieri
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Division of Rheumatology and immunoConcept, University Hospital, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - Gerard C.L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Carlo Chizzolini
- Immunology & Allergy and Immunology & Pathology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loredana Frasca
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological research and experimental therapy UNIT, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy
- Immunology & Allergy and Immunology & Pathology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Zhou YQ, Liu DQ, Chen SP, Sun J, Zhou XR, Xing C, Ye DW, Tian YK. The Role of CXCR3 in Neurological Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:142-150. [PMID: 29119926 PMCID: PMC6343204 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171109161140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological diseases have become an obvious challenge due to insufficient therapeutic intervention. Therefore, novel drugs for various neurological disorders are in desperate need. Recently, compelling evidence has demonstrated that chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is a G protein-coupled receptor in the CXC chemokine receptor family, may play a pivotal role in the development of neurological diseases. The aim of this review is to provide evidence for the potential of CXCR3 as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases. METHODS English journal articles that focused on the invovlement of CXCR3 in neurological diseases were searched via PubMed up to May 2017. Moreover, reference lists from identified articles were included for overviews. RESULTS The expression level of CXCR3 in T cells was significantly elevated in several neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), chronic pain, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and bipolar disorder. CXCR3 antagonists showed therapeutic effects in these neurological diseases. CONCLUSION These studies provided hard evidence that CXCR3 plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of MS, glioma, AD, chronic pain, HAM/TSP and bipolar disorder. CXCR3 is a crucial molecule in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. It regulates the activation of infiltrating cells and resident immune cells. However, the exact functions of CXCR3 in neurological diseases are inconclusive. Thus, it is important to understand the topic of chemokines and the scope of their activity in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qun Zhou
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da-Wei Ye
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Ke Tian
- Anesthesiology Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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46
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Kastana P, Choleva E, Poimenidi E, Karamanos N, Sugahara K, Papadimitriou E. Insight into the role of chondroitin sulfate E in angiogenesis. FEBS J 2019; 286:2921-2936. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Kastana
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Effrosyni Choleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Evangelia Poimenidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Department of Pharmacy University of Patras Greece
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pathobiochemistry Meijo University Nagoya Japan
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47
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Ohashi F, Miyagawa S, Yasuda S, Miura T, Kuroda T, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Ito E, Yoshida S, Saito A, Sameshima T, Kawai J, Sawa Y, Sato Y. CXCL4/PF4 is a predictive biomarker of cardiac differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4638. [PMID: 30874579 PMCID: PMC6420577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines with high cardiac differentiation potential is important for regenerative therapy and drug screening. We aimed to identify biomarkers for predicting cardiac differentiation potential of hiPSC lines by comparing the gene expression profiles of six undifferentiated hiPSC lines with different cardiac differentiation capabilities. We used three platforms of gene expression analysis, namely, cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE), mRNA array, and microRNA array to efficiently screen biomarkers related to cardiac differentiation of hiPSCs. Statistical analysis revealed candidate biomarker genes with significant correlation between the gene expression levels in the undifferentiated hiPSCs and their cardiac differentiation potential. Of the candidate genes, PF4 was validated as a biomarker expressed in undifferentiated hiPSCs with high potential for cardiac differentiation in 13 additional hiPSC lines. Our observations suggest that PF4 may be a useful biomarker for selecting hiPSC lines appropriate for the generation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ohashi
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 259-0151, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takumi Miura
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takuya Kuroda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN Center, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN Center, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Preventive Medicine and Applied Genomics Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sameshima
- Terumo Corporation, 1500 Inokuchi, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 259-0151, Japan
| | - Jun Kawai
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN Center, 1-7-22, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan. .,Department of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Quality Assurance Science for Pharmaceuticals, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan. .,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. .,LiSE Laboratory, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.
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48
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Zhang M, Guan J, Huo YL, Song YS, Chen LZ. Downregulation of serum CXCL4L1 predicts progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients treated by radical prostatectomy. Asian J Androl 2019; 21:387-392. [PMID: 30860083 PMCID: PMC6628731 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_117_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that plate factor-4 variant (CXCL4L1) was downregulated in the serum of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of CXCL4L1 in PCa. In total, 213 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy were enrolled and peripheral blood samples of all patients were collected. Expression of serum CXCL4L1 in patients with different tumor stages and grades were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Kaplan–Meier method was applied to estimate the progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), metastasis, biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, and overall survival (OS). Prognostic factors for BCR-free survival and OS were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The expression of CXCL4L1 was significantly lower in PCa patients with advanced pathological tumor stage, high-grade Gleason score, and metastasis. Moreover, downregulation of CXCL4L1 not only strongly correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features, but also predicted tumor progression and unfavorable outcomes. Finally, multivariate Cox regression analyses identified CXCL4L1 as an independent prognostic factor for both BCR-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–3.27; P = 0.004) and OS (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.07–4.79; P = 0.033). In conclusion, our results indicate that CXCL4L1 might serve as a novel and promising prognostic biomarker for patients with PCa and potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Johnny Guan
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yun-Long Huo
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Song
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Li-Zhu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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Armbrust T, Millis MP, Alvarez ML, Saremi A, DiStefano JK, Nourbakhsh M. CXCL4L1 Promoter Polymorphisms Are Associated with Improved Renal Function in Type 1 Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:912-919. [PMID: 30593538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a recognized mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Evidence suggests that genetic factors modulate the expression of inflammatory genes, which may lead to an enhanced predisposition to developing renal complications in patients with diabetes. In this study, we examined 55 genetic variants from 16 human candidate inflammatory genes for associations with renal function expressed as the estimated glomerular filtration rate in 1540 participants from the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes study. We observed protective associations between three variants in the CXCL4L1 promoter (rs872914/A, rs941757/G, and rs941758/A) and renal function in patients with type 1 diabetes. In reporter gene assays, all three variants increased CXCL4L1 promoter activity in HEK293 cells stimulated with IL-1 and TNF-α. We performed overexpression and knockdown experiments in primary human mesangial cells to examine the glucose-mediated regulation of endogenous CXCL4L1 gene expression and signaling pathways. The mRNA and protein levels of CXCL4L1 increased in response to high glucose (30 mM) treatment. Overexpression of CXCL4L1 increased the endogenous expression of SMAD7 and IκBα, which are key inhibitory factors in renal inflammation. Knockdown of CXCL4L1 expression also resulted in reduced levels of SMAD7 and IκBα. Our findings suggest that CXCL4L1 promoter variants may protect against the development of renal inflammation in diabetes by increasing CXCL4L1 expression, which in turn activates the anti-inflammatory SMAD7 and IκBα factors in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Armbrust
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Aramesh Saremi
- Carl T. Hayden Medical Research Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85012
| | | | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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50
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Increased platelet factor 4 and aberrant permeability of follicular fluid in PCOS. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:249-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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