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Dang CM, Nelson CM, Feaster DJ, Kizhner A, Forrest DW, Nakamura N, Iyer A, Ghanta PP, Jayaweera DT, Rodriguez AE, Pahwa RN, Tookes HE, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa SG. Opioids exacerbate inflammation in people with well-controlled HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277491. [PMID: 38022645 PMCID: PMC10646416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People with HIV (PWH) are known to have underlying inflammation and immune activation despite virologic control. Substance use including opioid dependence is common in this population and is associated with increased morbidity and reduced lifespan. The primary objective of the present study termed opioid immunity study (OPIS), was to investigate the impact of chronic opioids in PWH. Methods The study recruited people with and without HIV who had opioid use disorder (OUD). Study participants (n=221) were categorized into four groups: HIV+OP+, n=34; HIV-OP+, n=66; HIV+OP-, n=55 and HIV-OP-, n=62 as controls. PWH were virally suppressed on ART and those with OUD were followed in a syringe exchange program with confirmation of OP use by urine drug screening. A composite cytokine score was developed for 20 plasma cytokines that are linked to inflammation. Cellular markers of immune activation (IA), exhaustion, and senescence were determined in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Regression models were constructed to examine the relationships of HIV status and opioid use, controlling for other confounding factors. Results HIV+OP+ participants exhibited highest inflammatory cytokines and cellular IA, followed by HIV-OP+ for inflammation and HIV+OP- for IA. Inflammation was found to be driven more by opioid use than HIV positivity while IA was driven more by HIV than opioid use. In people with OUD, expression of CD38 on CD28-CD57+ senescent-like T cells was elevated and correlated positively with inflammation. Discussion Given the association of inflammation with a multitude of adverse health outcomes, our findings merit further investigations to understand the mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Dang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - C. Mindy Nelson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel J. Feaster
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexander Kizhner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - David W. Forrest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nobuyo Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Akshay Iyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Priya P. Ghanta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dushyantha T. Jayaweera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Allan E. Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rajendra N. Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hansel E. Tookes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Savita G. Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Essomba RG, Mbe RM, Ngogang MP, Ekono CB, Bitoungui VJN, Seni N, Nguwoh PS, Ateba PT, Kamdem SD, Nono JK, Ambomo MS, Assoumou MCO, Mbopi-Kéou FX. Plasma IL-33 levels and immune activation in HIV-TB coinfection: a cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:13. [PMID: 38035159 PMCID: PMC10683167 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.13.41152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV-1 and Mtb are characterized by immune activation and unbalances production of cytokines, but the expression of IL33 in HIV/TB coinfection remain understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the level of IL-33 in plasma of HIV and M. tuberculosis (HIV/TB) coinfected patients compared to patients with respective mono infections in Yaoundé. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending the pneumology service and HIV treatment center of the Yaoundé Jamot Hospital. Plasma samples of 157 HIV/TB coinfected patients (n =26, 50% males and 50% females, mean age 39), HIV-1 monoinfected patients (n = 41, 41% males and 59% females, mean age 35), TB monoinfected patients (n = 48, 56% males and 44% females, mean age 37) and healthy controls (n = 42, 29% males and 71% females, mean age 32) were examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to detect the levels of IL-33 cytokine. Results plasma level of IL-33 were higher in HIV/TB coinfected (33.1±30.9 pg/ml) and TB monoinfected individuals (15.1±2.9 pg/ml) compared to healthy controls (14.0±3.4 pg/ml) and could not be detected in most of the HIV-1 monoinfected individuals (12.6±8.7 pg/ml). Interestingly, the increased plasma level of IL-33 in HIV/TB coinfected patients showed a statistically significant difference between healthy controls (33.1±30.9 pg/ml vs 14.0±3.4 pg/ml, P<0.0001) and HIV-1 monoinfected patients (33.1±30.9 pg/ml vs 12.6±8.7 pg/ml, P=0.0002). We further found that IL-33 was higher in patients with high viral load group (40.6±59.7 pg/ml vs 12.6±1.8 pg/ml), P= 0.47) whereas patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) showed decreased level of IL-33 concentration as the number of years under ART increased. Our data showed a positive association between plasma IL-33 and viral load in the context of HIV/TB coinfection in our study population with a positive Pearson coefficient of r=0.21. Conclusion this study indicates that plasma level of IL-33 differs among HIV/TB coinfected patients and respective monoinfections patients. The increased level of plasma IL-33 reveals that IL-33 measurement in HIV-1 monoinfected patients may represent an early predictor of development of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Ghislain Essomba
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rostand Munkam Mbe
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie Paule Ngogang
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Claire Bitchong Ekono
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (FMPS), University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Pneumology Service, Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Nassif Seni
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Severin Donald Kamdem
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (FMPS), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (FMPS), University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Myriam Sylvie Ambomo
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou
- National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMBS), University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Nosik M, Belikova MG, Ryzhov K, Avdoshina D, Sobkin A, Zverev V, Svitich O. Unique Profile of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Plasma of Drug-Naïve Individuals with Advanced HIV/TB Co-Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1330. [PMID: 37376629 DOI: 10.3390/v15061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by aberrant immune activation, and infection with M. tuberculosis by an unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of these cytokines in HIV-1/TB coinfection is still understudied. Here, we aimed to compare the production of proinflammatory cytokines in drug-naive patients coinfected with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis (HIV/TB) compared to patients with respective monoinfections. Plasma samples of patients with HIV/TB coinfection (n = 36), HIV-1 monoinfection (n = 36), and TB monoinfection (n = 35) and healthy donors (n = 36) were examined for the levels of eight proinflammatory cytokines. Their levels were significantly increased in all patient groups compared to healthy donors. At the same time, a drastic decrease in the plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, IL-15, and IL-17 was detected in patients with HIV/TB coinfection compared to patients with HIV-1 or TB monoinfections. The plasma levels of IL-17 characterized the TB severity: in HIV/TB-coinfected patients with disseminated TB, plasma levels of IL-17 were eight times lower than in patients with less severe TB forms (infiltrative TB or TB of intrathoracic lymph nodes; p < 0.0001). At the same time, HIV/TB-coinfected patients had increased plasma levels of IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18, with the levels of IL-8 correlating with mortality (p < 0.0001). Thus, on the contrary to the patients with HIV-1 or TB monoinfections, HIV/TB-coinfected patients had suppressed production of most of the proinflammatory cytokines associated with antimicrobial immune response, specifically of T-cells involved in the containment of both infections. At the same time, they demonstrated an expansion of proinflammatory cytokines known to originate from both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and manifest tissue inflammation. In HIV-1/TB coinfection, this leads to the disruption of granuloma formation, contributing to bacterial dissemination and enhancing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G Belikova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Translational Medicine Cluster, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Darya Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Sobkin
- Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, 125466 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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Balogun O, Shuaib BI, Usman A, Yusuf AA, Musa BO, Reginald OO, Babadoko AA. Effects of anti-retroviral therapy on baseline serum interleukin-18 levels in HIV-I infected patients relative to viral suppression and CD4+ gain: A prospective pilot study. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2023; 13:24-33. [PMID: 37937297 PMCID: PMC10627208 DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In HIV infection, dysregulation of cytokines, including interleukin 18 (IL-18), has been linked to poor clinical outcomes in studies mainly conducted in resource-rich countries. This phenomenon has not been well-studied in resource-limited settings where outcomes could be confounded by exposure to endemic infections and genetic factors. Objectives Therefore, the influence of immunological and virological status of HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients on serum IL-18 levels at baseline (pretreatment) and 24 weeks following initiation of combination ART (cART24) in a resource-limited setting was investigated. Methods Using the cross-sectional and longitudinal mixed method design, a total of Forty-four (44) newly diagnosed consenting HIV patients were consecutively recruited during routine clinic visits at the Nasara Treatment & Care Centre of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria between December 2016 to January 2018, and followed up for 24 weeks on initiation of first-line cART. Results Serum IL-18 concentrations, CD4+ T-cell counts (CD4+) counts, and HIV1 RNA levels were determined at baseline and cART24. There was little CD4+ count gain in both <200 and ≥ 200 cell/mm3subgroups despite the high proportion of subjects having virological suppression (n = 35, [80%]) at cART24. However, at cART24 there was a more than a threefold decrease in the level of IL-18 concentration compared to baseline in patients with <200 cells/mm3 and a significant decrease in the median plasma IL-18 concentration in patients with HIV1 RNA <1000 cp/mL at cART24. A multivariate logistic regression model shows IL-18 intermediate quartile to be more related to immunological poor gain as compared to the highest quartile. Conclusion Our study found high baseline and significantly low levels of IL-18 at cART24 in virologically suppressed subjects but not among virological non-suppressed responders despite comparable IL-18 levels by CD4+ T cell count strata at cART24. These findings have implications for risk stratification and treatment outcomes in HIV-positive persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi Balogun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria,
Nigeria
| | - Bukhari I. Shuaib
- Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria,
Nigeria
| | - Abdulrasheed Usman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
Nigeria
| | - Aminu A. Yusuf
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University Kano,
Nigeria
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital,
Nigeria
| | - Bolanle O.P. Musa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria,
Nigeria
| | - Obiako O. Reginald
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria,
Nigeria
| | - Aliyu A. Babadoko
- Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria,
Nigeria
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Toll-like Receptor Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 or Co-Infection with Hepatitis B or C Virus: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119624. [PMID: 37298575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that play important roles in the early detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses, which may influence the consequences of infection. Similarly to other viral infections, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) also modulates the host TLR response; therefore, a proper understanding of the response induced by human HIV-1 or co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), due to the common mode of transmission of these viruses, is essential for understanding HIV-1 pathogenesis during mono- or co-infection with HBV or HCV, as well as for HIV-1 cure strategies. In this review, we discuss the host TLR response during HIV-1 infection and the innate immune evasion mechanisms adopted by HIV-1 for infection establishment. We also examine changes in the host TLR response during HIV-1 co-infection with HBV or HCV; however, this type of study is extremely scarce. Moreover, we discuss studies investigating TLR agonists as latency-reverting agents and immune stimulators towards new strategies for curing HIV. This understanding will help develop a new strategy for curing HIV-1 mono-infection or co-infection with HBV or HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Mazzuti L, Turriziani O, Mezzaroma I. The Many Faces of Immune Activation in HIV-1 Infection: A Multifactorial Interconnection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010159. [PMID: 36672667 PMCID: PMC9856151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation has a significant role in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis and CD4+ T-cell depletion. The causes of chronic inflammation and immune activation are incompletely understood, but they are likely multifactorial in nature, involving both direct and indirect stimuli. Possible explanations include microbial translocation, coinfection, and continued presence of competent replicating virus. In fact, long-term viral suppression treatments are unable to normalize elevated markers of systemic immune activation. Furthermore, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increase susceptibility to premature aging of the immune system. The phenomenon of "inflammaging" has begun to be evident in the last decades, as a consequence of increased life expectancy due to the introduction of cART. Quality of life and survival have improved substantially; however, PLWH are predisposed to chronic inflammatory conditions leading to age-associated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, neurocognitive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, bone abnormalities, and non-HIV-associated cancers. Several approaches have been studied in numerous uncontrolled and/or randomized clinical trials with the aim of reducing immune activation/inflammatory status in PLWH, none of which have achieved consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mazzuti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Campbell GR, Rawat P, Spector SA. Pacritinib Inhibition of IRAK1 Blocks Aberrant TLR8 Signalling by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1-Derived RNA. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:96-106. [PMID: 35785771 PMCID: PMC10643889 DOI: 10.1159/000525292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages promote an early host response to infection by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6. One of the mechanisms through which cells sense pathogenic microorganisms is through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1, IRAK2, IRAK3, and IRAK4 are integral to TLR and IL-1 receptor signalling pathways. Recent studies suggest a role for aberrant TLR8 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during both COVID-19 and HIV-1 infection. Here, we show that pacritinib inhibits the TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine response elicited by GU-rich single-stranded RNA derived from SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. Using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition, we demonstrate that pacritinib inhibits IRAK1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination which then inhibits the recruitment of the TAK1 complex to IRAK1, thus inhibiting the activation of downstream signalling and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pratima Rawat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Rawlings SA, Torres F, Wells A, Lisco A, Fitzgerald W, Margolis L, Gianella S, Vanpouille C. Effect of HIV suppression on the cytokine network in blood and seminal plasma. AIDS 2022; 36:621-630. [PMID: 34873090 PMCID: PMC8957508 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV infection disrupts the cytokine network and this disruption is not completely reversed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Characterization of cytokine changes in blood and genital secretions is important for understanding HIV pathogenesis and the mechanisms of HIV sexual transmission. Here, we characterized the cytokine network in individuals longitudinally sampled before they began ART and after achieving suppression of HIV RNA. METHODS We measured concentrations of 34 cytokine/chemokines using multiplex bead-based assay in blood and seminal plasma of 19 men with HIV-1 prior to and after viral suppression. We used Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to visualize the difference in cytokine pattern between the time points. Any cytokines with VIP scores exceeding 1 were deemed important in predicting suppression status and were subsequently tested using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. RESULTS PLS-DA projections in blood were fairly similar before and after viral suppression. In contrast, the difference in PLS-DA projection observed in semen emphasizes that the immunological landscape and immunological needs are very different before and after ART in the male genital compartment. When tested individually, four cytokines were significantly different across time points in semen (MIG, IL-15, IL-7, I-TAC), and two in blood (MIG and IP-10). CONCLUSION Viral suppression with ART impacts the inflammatory milieu in seminal plasma. In contrast, the overall effect on the network of cytokines in blood was modest but consistent with prior analyses. These results identify specific changes in the cytokine networks in semen and blood as the immune system acclimates to chronic, suppressed HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrea Lisco
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara Gianella
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christophe Vanpouille
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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9
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Liu X, Lin L, Lu L, Li X, Han Y, Qiu Z, Li X, Li Y, Song X, Cao W, Li T. Comparative Transcriptional Analysis Identified Characteristic Genes and Patterns in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807890. [PMID: 35154126 PMCID: PMC8832504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incomplete immune reconstitution is a complex phenomenon among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients despite the fact that they have achieved persistent viral suppression under the combined antiretroviral therapy. This study aims to screen and verify the immunological characteristics and underlying mechanisms of immunological non-responders (INRs). Methods The RNA-seq and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were used to explore potential characteristics among INRs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis, and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to explore the potential mechanism. The transcriptional meta-analysis was used to analyze the external efficiency. Results The RNA-seq identified 316 DEGs among INRs. The interferon signaling pathway was enriched via GO and IPA analysis among DEGs. The combined GSEA and WGCNA analysis confirmed that the IFN response was more correlated with INR. Furthermore, IFI27 (IFN-α Inducible Protein 27, also known as ISG12) was chosen based on combined DEG analysis, WGCNA analysis, and the transcriptional meta-analysis conducted on other published datasets about INRs. The expression of IFI27 was significantly negatively correlated with the CD4+ T-cell counts of PLWH, and the predictive efficiency of IFI27 level in distinguishing PLWH with poor immune recovery was also with significant power (AUC = 0.848). Conclusion The enhanced expression of IFI27 and the IFN response pathway are among the important immunological characteristics of INRs and exhibited promising efficiency as biomarkers for CD4+ T-cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Nosik M, Ryzhov K, Rymanova I, Sobkin A, Kravtchenko A, Kuimova U, Pokrovsky V, Zverev V, Svitich O. Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with M. tuberculosis Co-Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112291. [PMID: 34835417 PMCID: PMC8624412 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, which can lead to the activation of viral replication and negatively regulate the activation of T cells. Dysregulation in the production of cytokines necessary to fight HIV and M. tuberculosis may ultimately affect the results of the treatment and be important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and TB. This work presents the results of a study of the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) in drug-naïve patients with dual infection of HIV/TB at the late stages of HIV-infection, with newly diagnosed HIV and TB, and previously untreated HIV in the process of receiving antiretroviral (ART) and TB treatment vs. a cohort of patients with HIV monoinfection and TB monoinfection. The study revealed that during a double HIV/TB infection, both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are suppressed, and a prolonged dysregulation of the immune response and an increased severity of the disease in pulmonary/extrapulmonary tuberculosis is observed in HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, it was revealed that a double HIV/TB infection is characterized by delayed and incomplete recovery of immune activity. High levels of IL-6 were detected in patients with HIV/TB co-infection before initiation of dual therapy (2.1-fold increase vs. HIV), which persisted even after 6 months of treatment (8.96-fold increase vs. HIV), unlike other cytokines. The persistent enhanced expression of IL-6 in patients with dual HIV/TB co-infection allows the consideration of it as a potential marker of early detection of M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed a statistical trend towards an increase in the incidence of IRIS in patients with high IL-1Ra levels (in the range of 1550–2500 pg/mL): OR = 4.3 (95%CI 3.7–14.12, p = 0.53), which also allows IL-1Ra to be considered as a potential predictive biomarker of the development of TB-IRIS and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Konstantin Ryzhov
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Irina Rymanova
- G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, 125466 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandr Sobkin
- G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, 125466 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexey Kravtchenko
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (U.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Ulyana Kuimova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (U.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (U.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
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11
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Wang D, Jiang Y, Song Y, Zeng Y, Li C, Wang X, Liu Y, Xiao J, Kong Y, Zhao H. Altered T-Cell Subsets are Associated with Dysregulated Cytokine Secretion of CD4 + T Cells During HIV Infection. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5149-5163. [PMID: 34675594 PMCID: PMC8504938 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the regulation of immunopathogenesis in HIV infection. Previous studies have shown contradictory results of the CD4+ T-cell responses in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 healthy controls, 134 ART-naïve PLHIV, and 34 individuals who experienced 3-year ART with low baseline CD4 count from 4 August 2016 to 23 January 2019. We determined the frequencies of CD4+ T-cell subsets and described the cytokine secretion pattern of total and subsets of CD4+ T cells in these individuals. Results We found that CD4+ T cells in PLHIV displayed enhanced secretion of pro-inflammation cytokines and polyfunctionality due to HIV disease progression (r = -0.282, P = 0.0035 for IFN-γ; r = -0.412, P = 0.0002 for TNF-α; r = -0.243, P < 0.0001 for GM-CSF; r = -0.252, P = 0.0093 for IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ cells). However, the altered T-cell subsets, as presented by the loss of naïve cells and expansion of memory/effector population in PLHIV, were associated with discordant results in total and subsets of CD4+ T cells. As major cytokine-producing T subsets, effector/memory CD4 subsets showed impaired cytokine production (P < 0.05). We further demonstrated that 3-year ART treatment could improve CD4 counts by increasing the pool of naïve T cells but could not restore cytokine secretion in CD4+ T-cell subsets (P < 0.05). Conclusion These data identified the impaired capacity of cytokine secretion in CD4+ T-cell subsets due to HIV disease progression, and the altered T-cell subsets were associated with pseudo-elevation of cytokine production in total CD4+ T cells. This study collectively suggested the importance of therapies that can preserve and/or enhance the function of CD4+ T cells in strategies of HIV remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzi Song
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqin Zeng
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilin Li
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Bhaskaran N, Schneider E, Faddoul F, Paes da Silva A, Asaad R, Talla A, Greenspan N, Levine AD, McDonald D, Karn J, Lederman MM, Pandiyan P. Oral immune dysfunction is associated with the expansion of FOXP3 +PD-1 +Amphiregulin + T cells during HIV infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5143. [PMID: 34446704 PMCID: PMC8390677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual systemic inflammation and mucosal immune dysfunction persist in people living with HIV, despite treatment with combined anti-retroviral therapy, but the underlying immune mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that the altered immune landscape of the oral mucosa of HIV-positive patients on therapy involves increased TLR and inflammasome signaling, localized CD4+ T cell hyperactivation, and, counterintuitively, enrichment of FOXP3+ T cells. HIV infection of oral tonsil cultures in vitro causes an increase in FOXP3+ T cells expressing PD-1, IFN-γ, Amphiregulin and IL-10. These cells persist even in the presence of anti-retroviral drugs, and further expand when stimulated by TLR2 ligands and IL-1β. Mechanistically, IL-1β upregulates PD-1 expression via AKT signaling, and PD-1 stabilizes FOXP3 and Amphiregulin through a mechanism involving asparaginyl endopeptidase, resulting in FOXP3+ cells that are incapable of suppressing CD4+ T cells in vitro. The FOXP3+ T cells that are abundant in HIV-positive patients are phenotypically similar to the in vitro cultured, HIV-responsive FOXP3+ T cells, and their presence strongly correlates with CD4+ T cell hyper-activation. This suggests that FOXP3+ T cell dysregulation might play a role in the mucosal immune dysfunction of HIV patients on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - F Faddoul
- Advanced Education in General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Paes da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R Asaad
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Talla
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - N Greenspan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A D Levine
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D McDonald
- Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Karn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M M Lederman
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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13
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Teer E, Joseph DE, Dominick L, Glashoff RH, Essop MF. Expansion of GARP-Expressing CD4 +CD25 -FoxP3 + T Cells and SATB1 Association with Activation and Coagulation in Immune Compromised HIV-1-Infected Individuals in South Africa. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1133-1143. [PMID: 33974229 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antiretroviral treatment lowers the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related disease, it does not always result in immunological recovery. This manifests as persistent chronic inflammation, immune activation or exhaustion that can promote the onset of co-morbidities. As the exact function of regulatory T (Treg) cells in HIV remains unclear, this cross-sectional study investigated three expression markers (Forkhead box protein P3 [FOXP3], glycoprotein A repetitions predominant [GARP], special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 [SATB1]) and compared their expansion between CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25++ T cells. Age-matched study subjects were recruited (Western Cape, South Africa) and sub-divided: HIV-negative subjects (n = 12), HIV-positive naïve treated (n = 22), HIV-positive treated based on CD4 count cells/µL (CD4 > 500 and CD4 < 500) (n = 34) and HIV-treated based on viral load (VL) copies/mL (VL < 1000 and VL > 1000) (n = 34). Markers of immune activation (CD38) and coagulation (CD142) on T cells (CD8) were assessed by flow cytometry together with FOXP3, GARP and SATB1 expression on CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25++ T cells. Plasma levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10; anti-inflammatory marker), IL-6 (inflammatory marker) and D-dimer (coagulation marker) were assessed. This study revealed three major findings in immuno-compromised patients with virological failure (CD4 < 500; VL > 1000): (1) the expansion of the unconventional Treg cell subset (CD4+CD25-FOXP3+) is linked with disease progression markers; (2) increased GARP expression in the CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25++ subsets; and (3) the identification of a strong link between CD4+CD25-SATB1+ cells and markers of immune activation (CD8+CD38+) and coagulation (CD8+CD142+ and D-dimer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Teer
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Danzil E Joseph
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Leanne Dominick
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Richard H Glashoff
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University and NHLS, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.
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14
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Campbell GR, To RK, Hanna J, Spector SA. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and HIV-1 derived ssRNA sequences activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages through a non-classical pathway. iScience 2021; 24:102295. [PMID: 33718825 PMCID: PMC7939994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages promote an early host response to infection by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNF, and IL-6. The bioactivity of IL-1β is classically dependent on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which culminates in caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis. Recent studies suggest a role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lung inflammation and fibrosis in both COVID-19 and SARS, and there is evidence of NLRP3 involvement in HIV-1 disease. Here, we show that GU-rich single-stranded RNA (GU-rich RNA) derived from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and HIV-1 trigger a TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine response from human macrophages in the absence of pyroptosis, with GU-rich RNA from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggering the greatest inflammatory response. Using genetic and pharmacological inhibition, we show that the induction of mature IL-1β is through a non-classical pathway dependent on caspase-1, caspase-8, the NLRP3 inflammasome, potassium efflux, and autophagy while being independent of TRIF (TICAM1), vitamin D3, and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rachel K. To
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Hanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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15
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Pérez-Santiago J, Marquine MJ, Cookson D, Giraud-Colón R, Heaton RK, Grant I, Ellis RJ, Letendre SL, Peterson SN. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with worse emotional states in HIV infection. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:228-238. [PMID: 33651324 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The biological mechanisms underlying emotional distress in HIV infection are likely to be complex but remain understudied. We investigated whether dysbiotic signatures in the gut microbiome of persons living with HIV (PLWH) are associated with their emotional status. We retrospectively examined the gut microbiome and clinical evaluation of 129 adults (94 PLWH and 35 HIV-) enrolled at UC San Diego's HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. A subset of participants (32 PLWH vs. 13 HIV-) underwent an emotional assessment using the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery summarized by three composite scores (negative affect, social satisfaction, and psychological well-being). We then sequenced the 16S rDNA V3-V4 regions from stool and performed taxonomic assignment using CLC Microbial Genomics Module. The gut microbiota profiles were evaluated in relation to participants' emotional assessment. All analyses were done in R statistical software. We found that the relative abundance of aerotolerant bacteria was significantly higher in PLWH (p < 0.01) and was associated with a lifetime major depression diagnosis independently of HIV status (p = 0.05). Moreover, PLWH experienced significantly worse psychological well-being (p = 0.02), less social satisfaction (p = 0.03), and more negative affect (p = 0.02). Higher levels of aerotolerant bacteria were associated with worse psychological well-being (rho = -0.35, p = 0.02), less social satisfaction (r = - 0.42, p < 0.01), and more negative affect (rho = 0.46, p < 0.01). The association of aerotolerant bacteria with social satisfaction and negative affect was independent of HIV status (p < 0.05, for both). The over-representation of aerotolerant bacteria in the gut may reflect worse oxidative stress and barrier defects and may contribute to emotional distress during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Pérez-Santiago
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA. .,University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Igor Grant
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott N Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Atar N, Yola ML. A novel QCM immunosensor development based on gold nanoparticles functionalized sulfur-doped graphene quantum dot and h-ZnS-CdS NC for Interleukin-6 detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1148:338202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Schank M, Zhao J, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. The Impact of HIV- and ART-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cellular Senescence and Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010174. [PMID: 33467074 PMCID: PMC7830696 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, 38 million individuals were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 25.4 million of which were using antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the end of 2019. Despite ART-mediated suppression of viral replication, ART is not a cure and is associated with viral persistence, residual inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Indeed, due to the presence of viral reservoirs, lifelong ART therapy is required to control viremia and prevent disease progression into acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Successful ART treatment allows people living with HIV (PLHIV) to achieve a similar life expectancy to uninfected individuals. However, recent studies have illustrated the presence of increased comorbidities, such as accelerated, premature immune aging, in ART-controlled PLHIV compared to uninfected individuals. Studies suggest that both HIV-infection and ART-treatment lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in cellular exhaustion, senescence, and apoptosis. Since mitochondria are essential cellular organelles for energy homeostasis and cellular metabolism, their compromise leads to decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and beta-oxidation, abnormal cell homeostasis, increased oxidative stress, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and upregulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and cellular apoptosis. The progressive mitochondrial damage induced by HIV-infection and ART-treatment likely contributes to accelerated aging, senescence, and cellular dysfunction in PLHIV. This review discusses the connections between mitochondrial compromise and cellular dysfunction associated with HIV- and ART-induced toxicities, providing new insights into how HIV and current ART directly impact mitochondrial functions and contribute to cellular senescence and aging in PLHIV. Identifying this nexus and potential mechanisms may be beneficial in developing improved therapeutics for treating PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (M.S.); (J.Z.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +423-439-8063; Fax: +423-439-7010
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18
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Spencer Clinton JL, Tran LL, Vogt MB, Rowley DR, Kimata JT, Rico-Hesse R. IP-10 and CXCR3 signaling inhibit Zika virus replication in human prostate cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244587. [PMID: 33378361 PMCID: PMC7773246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that Zika virus (ZIKV) replicates in human prostate cells, suggesting that the prostate may serve as a long-term reservoir for virus transmission. Here, we demonstrated that the innate immune responses generated to three distinct ZIKV strains (all isolated from human serum) were significantly different and dependent on their passage history (in mosquito, monkey, or human cells). In addition, some of these phenotypic differences were reduced by a single additional cell culture passage, suggesting that viruses that have been passaged more than 3 times from the patient sample will no longer reflect natural phenotypes. Two of the ZIKV strains analyzed induced high levels of the IP-10 chemokine and IFNγ in human prostate epithelial and stromal mesenchymal stem cells. To further understand the importance of these innate responses on ZIKV replication, we measured the effects of IP-10 and its downstream receptor, CXCR3, on RNA and virus production in prostate cells. Treatment with IP-10, CXCR3 agonist, or CXCR3 antagonist significantly altered ZIKV viral gene expression, depending on their passage in cells of relevant hosts (mosquito or human). We detected differences in gene expression of two primary CXCR3 isoforms (CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B) on the two cell types, possibly explaining differences in viral output. Lastly, we examined the effects of IP-10, agonist, or antagonist on cell death and proliferation under physiologically relevant infection rates, and detected no significant differences. Although we did not measure protein expression directly, our results indicate that CXCR3 signaling may be a target for therapeutics, to ultimately stop sexual transmission of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Linda L. Tran
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Vogt
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David R. Rowley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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The Association of Tuberculosis Mono-infection and Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB-HIV) Co-infection in the Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:104. [PMID: 33159613 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the impact of TB mono-infection and TB-HIV co-infection on the pathogenesis of adverse maternal outcomes such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and adverse fetal outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and low birth weight. RECENT FINDINGS Research has shown that HDP, such as severe pre-eclampsia (PE) and eclampsia, as well as adverse fetal outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, fetal growth restriction, and low birth weight, are higher in women diagnosed with TB mono-infection and even higher in TB-HIV co-infection compared to those without TB. This is speculated to occur due to exaggerated activation of both angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin 2, (Ang 2), intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), (IL-17), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ). There is a lack of information with regard to the pathogenesis of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes upon TB mono-infection and TB-HIV co-infection; therefore, further investigations on the impact of TB mono-infection and TB-HIV co-infection on adverse maternal and fetal outcomes are urgently needed. This will assist in improving diagnostic procedures in pregnant women affected with TB as wells as TB-HIV co-infection.
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Kumar A, Kodidela S, Tadrous E, Cory TJ, Walker CM, Smith AM, Mukherjee A, Kumar S. Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Replication and Pathogenesis and Their Potential Role in Therapeutic Intervention. Viruses 2020; 12:E887. [PMID: 32823684 PMCID: PMC7472073 DOI: 10.3390/v12080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown their potential as a carrier of molecular information, and they have been involved in physiological functions and diseases caused by viral infections. Virus-infected cells secrete various lipid-bound vesicles, including endosome pathway-derived exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles that are released from the plasma membrane. They are released via a direct outward budding and fission of plasma membrane blebs into the extracellular space to either facilitate virus propagation or regulate the immune responses. Moreover, EVs generated by virus-infected cells can incorporate virulence factors including viral protein and viral genetic material, and thus can resemble noninfectious viruses. Interactions of EVs with recipient cells have been shown to activate signaling pathways that may contribute to a sustained cellular response towards viral infections. EVs, by utilizing a complex set of cargos, can play a regulatory role in viral infection, both by facilitating and suppressing the infection. EV-based antiviral and antiretroviral drug delivery approaches provide an opportunity for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the literature on EVs, their associated involvement in transmission in viral infections, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Erene Tadrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Theodore James Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Crystal Martin Walker
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Amber Marie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Ahona Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (S.K.); (E.T.); (A.M.)
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Chen H, Moussa M, Catalfamo M. The Role of Immunomodulatory Receptors in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection: A Therapeutic Opportunity for HIV Cure? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1223. [PMID: 32714317 PMCID: PMC7343933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation is the hallmark of HIV infection and plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the context of suppressed HIV RNA replication by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), there remains immune activation which is associated to the HIV reservoirs. Persistent virus contributes to a sustained inflammatory environment promoting accumulation of "activated/exhausted" T cells with diminished effector function. These T cells show increased expression of immunomodulatory receptors including Programmed cell death protein (PD1), Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 3 (TIM3) among others. More importantly, recent reports had demonstrated that, HIV infected T cells express checkpoint receptors, contributing to their survival and promoting maintenance of the viral reservoir. Therapeutic strategies are focused on viral reservoir elimination and/or those to achieve sustained cART-free virologic remission. In this review, we will discuss the immunological basis and the latest advances of the use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- CMRS/Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maha Moussa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Partner HIV Serostatus Impacts Viral Load, Genital HIV Shedding, and Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2020; 82:51-60. [PMID: 31169767 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of seronegative individuals in HIV discordant relationships provide important insights into the effects of HIV exposure on the seronegative partner, but few have examined the impact of partner serostatus on disease progression in seropositive individuals. We investigated the impact of HIV serostatus on clinical and biological factors influencing HIV disease progression in 337 HIV-infected heterosexual individuals in stable long-term HIV-seroconcordant or HIV-serodiscordant relationships. Seroconcordant individuals had significantly higher plasma viral loads (pVLs) than HIV-infected partners in serodiscordant partnerships [4.4 log10 copies RNA/mL (interquartile range 3.7-5.0) versus 3.9 (3.3-4.5), P < 0.0001], irrespective of gender. pVLs correlated inversely with CD4 T-cell counts, although CD4 counts did not differ significantly between seroconcordant and serodiscordant individuals. HIV+ seroconcordant individuals had higher frequencies of CCR5 CD4 and CD8 T cells (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively) than HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant relationships and higher concentrations of plasma IL-1β (P = 0.04), TNF-α (P = 0.02), and IL-10 (P = 0.02). Activated CD4 T-cell frequencies and TNF-α were the most influential in determining variation in pVLs, independently of CD4 counts. In addition, HIV+ seroconcordant women had significantly higher genital VLs (gVLs) than HIV+ women in serodiscordant relationships (P < 0.001), with pVLs correlating significantly with gVLs (Rho = 0.65, P < 0.0001). Cervical and blood T-cell activation tended to correlate positively, although partner seroconcordance did not influence genital T-cell activation. We conclude that HIV+ seroconcordant individuals have higher frequencies of activated, CCR5-expressing T cells in blood and higher pVLs and gVLs than their HIV+ counterparts in discordant relationships, which could translate to faster disease progression or larger viral reservoir.
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Adu-Gyamfi CG, Savulescu D, George JA, Suchard MS. Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase-Mediated Tryptophan Catabolism: A Leading Star or Supporting Act in the Tuberculosis and HIV Pas-de-Deux? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:372. [PMID: 31737575 PMCID: PMC6828849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression from latency to active Tuberculosis (TB) disease is mediated by incompletely understood host immune factors. The definitive characteristic of progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a severe loss in number and function of T lymphocytes. Among the many possible mediators of T lymphocyte loss and ineffective function is the activity of the immune-modulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO is the rate-limiting enzyme converting tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO activity was initially recognized to mediate tolerance at the foeto-maternal interface. Recently, IDO activity has also been noted to play a critical role in immune tolerance to pathogens. Studies of host immune and metabolic mediators have found IDO activity significantly elevated in HIV and TB disease. In this review, we explore the link between IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism and the presence of active TB disease in HIV-infected patients. We draw attention to increased IDO activity as a key factor marking the progression from latent to active TB disease in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gascua Adu-Gyamfi
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana Savulescu
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jaya Anna George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melinda Shelley Suchard
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pillay P, Moodley K, Vatish M, Moodley J, Duarte R, Mackraj I. Exosomal Th1/Th2 cytokines in preeclampsia and HIV-positive preeclamptic women on highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Cytokine 2019; 125:154795. [PMID: 31398625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which is a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, HIV/Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment has been associated with the increased risk of preeclampsia due to maternal immune reconstitution, which complicates the clinical diagnosis of PE in these patients. It is therefore necessary to identify biomarkers involved in the pathology of both disorders with the intent to diagnose. Exosomal cytokines represent ideal biomarkers of PE and inflammatory conditions due to their immunomodulatory role in pregnancy. We therefore quantified exosomal Th1 (IL-2 and TNF-α) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10) in maternal circulation. A significant dysregulation in total exosomes, placental-derived exosomes and exosomal cytokines in PE and HIV-positive PE pregnant woman on Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) was observed (p < 0.01). Additionally, we observed a significant shift towards Th1 immunity in PE which becomes amplified in HIV-positive PE pregnant woman on HAART (p < 0.01). Moreover, we show the potential application of exosomal Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a biomarker of PE and PE in HIV-positive pregnant women on HAART (CI: 95%, LHR > 10, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90%). These findings are in support of exosome release and exosome cytokine encapsulation as a tightly regulated process in favour of maintaining the immune microenvironment, which can orchestrate either normal pregnancy, or the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and preeclampsia in HIV/HAART pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preenan Pillay
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kogi Moodley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Impedimetric aptasensor for the label-free and selective detection of Interleukin-6 for colorectal cancer screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:123-132. [PMID: 31085401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that cancer research has experienced important advances and remarkable improvement in the curing processes during the last decades, this disease still occupies a leading position among the causes of death worldwide. It has been demonstrated that there is an interconnection between the overexpression of interleukin-6 cytokine and the tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in several types of malignancies. Herein, a highly sensitive and selective aptasensor for quantitative detection of interleukin-6 was developed by using a glassy carbon electrode modified with p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminothiophenol and gold nanoparticles. A thio-terminated aptamer specific for interleukin-6 was immobilized on the surface of the modified electrode via the formation of gold-sulfur bonds. This DNA oligonucleotide was then used as a detection probe to capture the target protein at the biosensor surface allowing label-free detection by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The developed aptasensor showed a good linear response from 5 pgmL-1 to 100 ngmL-1 with a detection limit of 1.6 pgmL-1, within the range of physiological concentration of the protein. The biosensor exhibited high selectivity and has been successfully used to detect interleukin-6 in blood samples collected from patients suffering of colorectal cancer, with excellent recoveries after the addition of known amount of the target protein.
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HIV-1 reservoirs in urethral macrophages of patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:633-644. [PMID: 30718846 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication is prevented by the establishment on infection of cellular HIV-1 reservoirs that are not fully characterized, especially in genital mucosal tissues (the main HIV-1 entry portal on sexual transmission). Here, we show, using penile tissues from HIV-1-infected individuals under suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy, that urethral macrophages contain integrated HIV-1 DNA, RNA, proteins and intact virions in virus-containing compartment-like structures, whereas viral components remain undetectable in urethral T cells. Moreover, urethral cells specifically release replication-competent infectious HIV-1 following reactivation with the macrophage activator lipopolysaccharide, while the T-cell activator phytohaemagglutinin is ineffective. HIV-1 urethral reservoirs localize preferentially in a subset of polarized macrophages that highly expresses the interleukin-1 receptor, CD206 and interleukin-4 receptor, but not CD163. To our knowledge, these results are the first evidence that human urethral tissue macrophages constitute a principal HIV-1 reservoir. Such findings are determinant for therapeutic strategies aimed at HIV-1 eradication.
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HIV-1 infection increases microRNAs that inhibit Dicer1, HRB and HIV-EP2, thereby reducing viral replication. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211111. [PMID: 30682089 PMCID: PMC6347224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 is the causative agent of AIDS (Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV-1 infection results in systemic CD4+ T cell depletion, thereby impairing cell-mediated immunity. MicroRNAs are short (~22 nucleotides long), endogenous single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of mRNA transcripts. The relation between HIV-1 infection and human miRNA expression profile has been previously investigated, and studies have shown that the virus can alter miRNA expression and vice versa. Here, we broaden the understanding of the HIV-1 infection process, and show that miRNA-186, 210 and 222 are up-regulated following HIV-1 infection of human Sup-T1 cells. As a result, the host miRNA target genes: Dicer1 (Double-Stranded RNA-Specific Endoribonuclease), HRB (HIV-1 Rev-binding protein) and HIV-EP2 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Enhancer Binding Protein 2), are down-regulated. Moreover, testing the miRNA-gene anti- correlation on the Jurkat and the HeLa-MAGI cell lines demonstrated the ability of the miRNAs to down-regulate viral expression as well. To conclude, we found that human miR-186, 210 and 222 directly regulate the human genes Dicer1, HRB and HIV-EP2, thus may be filling key roles during HIV-1 replication and miRNA biogenesis. This finding may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Tertiş M, Melinte G, Ciui B, Şimon I, Ştiufiuc R, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. A Novel Label Free Electrochemical Magnetoimmunosensor for Human Interleukin-6 Quantification in Serum. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Tertiş
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Gheorghe Melinte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Bianca Ciui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Ioan Şimon
- Department of Surgery IV; CFR Hospital; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 18 Republicii St Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Rareş Ştiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics&Biophysics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University and Pharmacy; 6 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine; Iuliu Haţieganu University and Pharmacy; 4-6 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Robert Săndulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
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Ahir-Bist S, Chavan V, Samant-Mavani P, Nanavati R, Mehta P, Mania-Pramanik J. Polymorphisms in TH1-TH2 cytokine and receptor genes associated with risk of vertical HIV transmission, in Mumbai, India. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3047. [PMID: 30109734 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertical HIV transmission does not occur in all exposed infants. Many infants remain HIV uninfected even after exposure. This is partly attributed to the host genes involving cytokine production, which is rarely documented in vertical transmission. METHODS Here, an observational cohort study evaluated whether polymorphisms in cytokine, receptor and antagonist genes are associated with perinatal HIV transmission. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed via the polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method. Haplotype block structure was determined and statistical analysis was performed using appropriate software in each case. RESULTS Twenty-two SNPs were analysed in 30 seropositive and 61 seronegative children. Confounding factors such as mother's viral load, treatment regimen, breast feeding options, etc., were documented. Analysis revealed the association of two SNPs: IL1R1 (rs2234650) and TNFA (rs1800629) with vertical HIV transmission. CT genotype at IL1R1 was observed at a higher frequency in positive children (76.66% versus 42.62%, p = 0.002), whereas the CC genotype was significantly increased in exposed uninfected children (47.54% versus 16.66%, p = 0.004). Similarly, the GG genotype of TNFA was significantly higher in uninfected children compared to infected ones (76.66% versus 46.66%, p = 0.005), whereas the GA genotype frequency was higher among infected children (53.33% versus 21.66%, p = 0.003). The frequency of the 'G' allele of TNFA and 'C' allele of IL1R1 was significant (p = 0.018) in negative children. Haplotypes of SNPs belonging to IL1, TNFA and IL4 were also found to associate with transmission. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms the association of SNPs IL1R1 (rs2234650) and TNFA (rs1800629) with the risk of vertical transmission. These SNPs can be exploited as possible predictive markers of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Ahir-Bist
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (DHR/ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Chavan
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (DHR/ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padmaja Samant-Mavani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seth G. S. Medical College & K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchi Nanavati
- Department of Neonatology, Seth G. S. Medical College & K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti Mehta
- Department of Microbiology, Seth G. S. Medical College & K.E.M Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (DHR/ICMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Wei H, Ni S, Cao C, Yang G, Liu G. Graphene Oxide Signal Reporter Based Multifunctional Immunosensing Platform for Amperometric Profiling of Multiple Cytokines in Serum. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1553-1561. [PMID: 30022657 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are small proteins and form complicated cytokine networks to report the status of our health. Thus, accurate profiling and sensitive quantification of multiple cytokines is essential to have a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the complex physiological and pathological conditions in the body. In this study, we demonstrated a robust electrochemical immunosensor for the simultaneous detection of three cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. First, graphene oxides (GO) were loaded with redox probes nile blue (NB), methyl blue (MB), and ferrocene (Fc), followed by covalent attachment of anti-cytokine antibodies for IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, respectively, to obtain Ab2-GO-NB, Ab2-GO-MB, and Ab2-GO-Fc, acting as the signal reporters. The sensing interface was fabricated by attachment of mixed layers of 4-carboxylic phenyl and 4-aminophenyl phosphorylcholine (PPC) to glassy carbon surfaces. After that, the capture monoclonal antibody for IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was modified to the carboxylic acid terminated sensing interface. And finally a sandwich assay was developed. The quantitative detection of three cytokines was achieved by observing the change in electrochemical signal from signal reporters Ab2-GO-NB, Ab2-GO-MB, and Ab2-GO-Fc. The designed system has been successfully used for detection of three cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) simultaneously with desirable performance in sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, and recovery of 93.6%-105.5% was achieved for determining cytokines spiked in the whole mouse serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chaomin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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Kodidela S, Ranjit S, Sinha N, McArthur C, Kumar A, Kumar S. Cytokine profiling of exosomes derived from the plasma of HIV-infected alcohol drinkers and cigarette smokers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201144. [PMID: 30052665 PMCID: PMC6063410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines circulate in plasma and may be transferred to distant sites, via exosomes. HIV infection is associated with dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, which subsequently contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV. Alcohol and tobacco exposure, which are prevalent in HIV-infected individuals, may induce changes in the expression of cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, our aim in this study was to quantify plasma exosomal cytokines and chemokines that we expect to exacerbate toxicity or disease progression in HIV-positive drug abusers. We measured the levels of cytokines and chemokines in the plasma and plasma exosomes of 39 patients comprising six groups: HIV-negative and HIV-positive non drug abusers, HIV-negative and HIV-positive alcohol users, and HIV-negative and HIV positive tobacco smokers. We measured six cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1ra, IL-10) and two chemokines (MCP-1 and RANTES). All were present in exosomes of healthy subjects, but their levels varied between different study groups. HIV-positive alcohol drinkers had higher levels of plasma IL-8 compared to those of HIV-positive non-drinkers. The IL-1ra level was significantly higher in exosomes of non-HIV-infected alcohol drinkers compared to those of HIV-positive alcohol drinkers. Interestingly, the IL-10 level was higher in exosomes compared with their respective plasma levels in all study groups except HIV-positive non-alcohol drinkers. IL-10 was completely packaged in exosomes of HIV-positive smokers. HIV-positive smokers had significantly higher levels of plasma IL-8 compared with HIV-positive non-smokers and significantly higher exosomal IL-6 levels compared with HIV-negative subjects. HIV-positive smokers had significantly increased plasma levels of IL-1ra compared to HIV-positive non-smokers. The MCP-1 levels in the plasma of HIV-positive smokers was significantly higher than in either HIV-positive non-drug abusers or HIV-negative smokers. Overall, the findings suggest that plasma cytokines and chemokines are packaged in exosomes at varying degrees in different study groups. Exosomal cytokines and chemokines are likely to have a significant biological role at distant sites including cells in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Kodidela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Sabina Ranjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Carole McArthur
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cao C, Zhang F, Goldys EM, Gao F, Liu G. Advances in structure-switching aptasensing towards real time detection of cytokines. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kumari A, Silakari O, Singh RK. Recent advances in colony stimulating factor-1 receptor/c-FMS as an emerging target for various therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:662-679. [PMID: 29679908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is one of the most common proinflammatory cytokine responsible for various inflammatory disorders. It has a remarkable role in the development and progression of osteoarthritis, cancer and other autoimmune disease conditions. The CSF-1 acts by binding to the receptor, called colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) also known as c-FMS resulting in the cascade of signalling pathway causing cell proliferation and differentiation. Interleukin-34 (IL-34), recently identified as another ligand for CSF-IR, is a cytokine protein. Both, CSF-1 and IL-34, although two distinct cytokines, follow the similar signalling pathway on binding to the same receptor, CSF-1R. Like CSF-1, IL-34 promotes the differentiation and survival of monocyte, macrophages and osteoclasts. This CSF-1R/c-FMS is over expressed in many cancers and on tumour associated macrophages, consequently, have been exploited as a drug target for promising treatment for cancer and inflammatory diseases. Some CSF-1R/c-FMS inhibitors such as ABT-869, Imatinib, AG013736, JNJ-40346527, PLX3397, DCC-3014 and Ki20227 have been successfully used in these disease conditions. Many c-FMS inhibitors have been the candidates of clinical trials, but suffer from some side effects like cardiotoxicity, vomiting, swollen eyes, diarrhoea, etc. If selectivity of cFMS inhibition is achieved successfully, side effects can be overruled and this approach may become a novel therapy for treatment of various therapeutic interventions. Thus, successful targeting of c-FMS may result in multifunctional therapy. With this background of information, the present review focuses on the recent developments in the area of CSF-1R/c-FMS inhibitors with emphasis on crystal structure, mechanism of action and various therapeutic implications in which c-FMS plays a pivotal role. The review on structure activity relationship of various compounds acting as the inhibitors of c-FMS which gives the selection criteria for the development of novel molecules is also being presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy, Dist. Hoshiarpur, 146104, Punjab, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, 147002, Patiala, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India.
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HIV infection and its effects on the development of autoimmune disorders. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zahr NM. Peripheral TNFα elevations in abstinent alcoholics are associated with hepatitis C infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191586. [PMID: 29408932 PMCID: PMC5800541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports the view that inflammatory processes contribute to brain alterations in HIV infection. Mechanisms recently proposed to underlie neuropathology in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) include elevations in peripheral cytokines that sensitize the brain to the damaging effects of alcohol. This study included 4 groups: healthy controls, individuals with AUD (abstinent from alcohol at examination), those infected with HIV, and those comorbid for HIV and AUD. The aim was to determine whether inflammatory cytokines are elevated in AUD as they are in HIV infection. Cytokines showing group differences included interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Follow-up t-tests revealed that TNFα and IP-10 were higher in AUD than controls but only in AUD patients who were seropositive for Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Specificity of TNFα and IP-10 elevations to HCV infection status was provided by correlations between cytokine levels and HCV viral load and indices of liver integrity including albumin/globulin ratio, fibrosis scores, and AST/platelet count ratio. Because TNFα levels were mediated by HCV infection, this study provides no evidence for elevations in peripheral cytokines in "uncomplicated", abstinent alcoholics, independent of liver disease or HCV infection. Nonetheless, these results corroborate evidence for elevations in IP-10 and TNFα in HIV and for IP-10 levels in HIV+HCV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Neuroscience Department, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Turk G, Ghiglione Y, Hormanstorfer M, Laufer N, Coloccini R, Salido J, Trifone C, Ruiz MJ, Falivene J, Holgado MP, Caruso MP, Figueroa MI, Salomón H, Giavedoni LD, Pando MDLÁ, Gherardi MM, Rabinovich RD, Pury PA, Sued O. Biomarkers of Progression after HIV Acute/Early Infection: Nothing Compares to CD4⁺ T-cell Count? Viruses 2018; 10:E34. [PMID: 29342870 PMCID: PMC5795447 DOI: 10.3390/v10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of HIV infection is variable among individuals, and definition disease progression biomarkers is still needed. Here, we aimed to categorize the predictive potential of several variables using feature selection methods and decision trees. A total of seventy-five treatment-naïve subjects were enrolled during acute/early HIV infection. CD4⁺ T-cell counts (CD4TC) and viral load (VL) levels were determined at enrollment and for one year. Immune activation, HIV-specific immune response, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) genotypes, and plasma levels of 39 cytokines were determined. Data were analyzed by machine learning and non-parametric methods. Variable hierarchization was performed by Weka correlation-based feature selection and J48 decision tree. Plasma interleukin (IL)-10, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels correlated directly with baseline VL, whereas IL-2, TNF-α, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β correlated directly with CD4⁺ T-cell activation (p < 0.05). However, none of these cytokines had good predictive values to distinguish "progressors" from "non-progressors". Similarly, immune activation, HIV-specific immune responses and HLA/CCR5 genotypes had low discrimination power. Baseline CD4TC was the most potent discerning variable with a cut-off of 438 cells/μL (accuracy = 0.93, κ-Cohen = 0.85). Limited discerning power of the other factors might be related to frequency, variability and/or sampling time. Future studies based on decision trees to identify biomarkers of post-treatment control are warrantied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Turk
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Yanina Ghiglione
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | | | - Natalia Laufer
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
- Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires C1425AGP, Argentina.
| | - Romina Coloccini
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Jimena Salido
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - César Trifone
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - María Julia Ruiz
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Juliana Falivene
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - María Pía Holgado
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - María Paula Caruso
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - María Inés Figueroa
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires C1202ABB, Argentina.
- Hospital Juan A. Fernández, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Buenos Aires C1425AGP, Argentina.
| | - Horacio Salomón
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Luis D Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - María de Los Ángeles Pando
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - María Magdalena Gherardi
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Roberto Daniel Rabinovich
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET, Paraguay 2155 Piso 11, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Pedro A Pury
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Omar Sued
- Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires C1202ABB, Argentina.
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Qi M, Huang J, Wei H, Cao C, Feng S, Guo Q, Goldys EM, Li R, Liu G. Graphene Oxide Thin Film with Dual Function Integrated into a Nanosandwich Device for in Vivo Monitoring of Interleukin-6. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41659-41668. [PMID: 29119789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), with its exceptional physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility, holds a tremendous potential for sensing applications. In this study, GO, acting both as the electron-transfer bridge and the signal reporter, was attached on the interface to develop a label-free electrochemical nanosandwich device for detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6). First, a single layer of GO was covalently modified on gold electrodes, followed by attachment of anti-IL-6 capture antibody to form the sensing interface. The 4-aminophenyl phosphorylcholine was further attached to the surface of GO to minimize nonspecific protein adsorption. For reporting the presence of analyte, the anti-IL-6 detection antibody was covalently modified to the GO, which has been integrated with the redox probe Nile blue (NB). Finally, a nanosandwich assay was fabricated on gold surfaces for detection of IL-6 on the basis of the electrochemical signal of NB. The prepared nanosandwiches demonstrated high selectivity and stability for detection of IL-6 over the range of 1-300 pg mL-1 with the lowest detectable concentration of 1 pg mL-1. The device was successfully used for monitoring of IL-6 secretion in RAW cells and live mice. By tailoring the GO surface with functional components, such devices were able to detect the analyte in vivo without causing inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chaomin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | | | - Qing Guo
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | | | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University , 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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38
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Tertiş M, Ciui B, Suciu M, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. Label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on gold and polypyrrole nanoparticles for interleukin 6 detection. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Le Saout C, Luckey MA, Villarino AV, Smith M, Hasley RB, Myers TG, Imamichi H, Park JH, O'Shea JJ, Lane HC, Catalfamo M. IL-7-dependent STAT1 activation limits homeostatic CD4+ T cell expansion. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96228. [PMID: 29202461 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-7 regulates homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the overall size of the T cell pool throughout life. We show that, under steady-state conditions, IL-7 signaling is principally mediated by activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5). In contrast, under lymphopenic conditions, there is a modulation of STAT1 expression resulting in an IL-7-dependent STAT1 and STAT5 activation. Consequently, the IL-7-induced transcriptome is altered with enrichment of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Moreover, STAT1 overexpression was associated with reduced survival in CD4+ T cells undergoing lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP). We propose a model in which T cells undergoing LIP upregulate STAT1 protein, "switching on" an alternate IL-7-dependent program. This mechanism could be a physiological process to regulate the expansion and size of the CD4+ T cell pool. During HIV infection, the virus could exploit this pathway, leading to the homeostatic dysregulation of the T cell pools observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy G Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Catalfamo
- CMRS/Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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40
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Catalfamo M. miRNA-31 regulates the CD8 T cell response to type I IFNs during chronic infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2017. [PMID: 29532790 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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41
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Wahid B, Ali A, Idrees M, Rafique S. Immunotherapeutic strategies for sexually transmitted viral infections: HIV, HSV and HPV. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:1-13. [PMID: 27514252 PMCID: PMC7124316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired each day globally. Etiotropic drugs cannot effectively control infectious diseases therefore, there is a dire need to explore alternative strategies especially those based on the regulation of immune system. The review discusses all rational approaches to develop better understanding towards immunotherapeutic strategies based on modulation of immune system in an attempt to curb the elevating risk of infectious diseases such as HIV, HPV and HSV because of their high prevalence. Development of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and several other immune based treatments are promising alternative strategies that are offering new opportunities to eradicate pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Vice Chancellor Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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42
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Huang X, Liu X, Meyers K, Liu L, Su B, Wang P, Li Z, Li L, Zhang T, Li N, Chen H, Li H, Wu H. Cytokine cascade and networks among MSM HIV seroconverters: implications for early immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36234. [PMID: 27830756 PMCID: PMC5103227 DOI: 10.1038/srep36234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing, intensity and duration of the cytokine cascade and reorganized interrelations in cytokine networks are not fully understood during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Using sequential plasma samples collected over three years post-infection in a cohort of MSM HIV-1 seroconvertors, we determined the early kinetics of cytokine levels during FiebigI-IV stages using Luminex-based multiplex assays. Cytokines were quantified and relationships between cytokines were assessed by Spearman correlation. Compared with HIV-negative MSM, HIV-infected individuals had significantly increased multiple plasma cytokines, including GM-CSF, IFN-α2, IL-12p70, IP-10 and VEGF, during both acute and chronic stages of infection. Furthermore, rapid disease progressors (RDPs) had earlier and more robust cytokine storms, compared with slow disease progressors (SDPs) (49.6 days vs. 74.9 days, respectively; 6.7-fold vs. 3.7-fold change of cytokines, respectively), suggesting the faster and stronger cytokine storm during AHI could promote disease progression. On the other hand, HIV-1 infection induced more interlocked cytokines network, establishing new strong correlations and imposing a higher rigidity. There were, respectively, 146 (44.9%) statistically significant correlations of cytokines in RDPs and 241 (74.2%) in SDPs (p < 0.001). This study suggests that immunomodulatory interventions aimed at controlling cytokine storm in AHI may be beneficial to slow eventual disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kathrine Meyers
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Lihong Liu
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- The Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lan Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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43
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Pandiyan P, Younes SA, Ribeiro SP, Talla A, McDonald D, Bhaskaran N, Levine AD, Weinberg A, Sekaly RP. Mucosal Regulatory T Cells and T Helper 17 Cells in HIV-Associated Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:228. [PMID: 27379092 PMCID: PMC4913236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual mucosal inflammation along with chronic systemic immune activation is an important feature in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and has been linked to a wide range of co-morbidities, including malignancy, opportunistic infections, immunopathology, and cardiovascular complications. Although combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) can reduce plasma viral loads to undetectable levels, reservoirs of virus persist, and increased mortality is associated with immune dysbiosis in mucosal lymphoid tissues. Immune-based therapies are pursued with the goal of improving CD4+ T-cell restoration, as well as reducing chronic immune activation in cART-treated patients. However, the majority of research on immune activation has been derived from analysis of circulating T cells. How immune cell alterations in mucosal tissues contribute to HIV immune dysregulation and the associated risk of non-infectious chronic complications is less studied. Given the significant differences between mucosal T cells and circulating T cells, and the immediate interactions of mucosal T cells with the microbiome, more attention should be devoted to mucosal immune cells and their contribution to systemic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we will focus on mucosal immune cells with a specific emphasis on CD4+ T lymphocytes, such as T helper 17 cells and CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play crucial roles in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity and preventing inflammation, respectively. We hypothesize that pro-inflammatory milieu in cART-treated patients with immune activation significantly contributes to enhanced loss of Th17 cells and increased frequency of dysregulated Tregs in the mucosa, which in turn may exacerbate immune dysfunction in HIV-infected patients. We also present initial evidence to support this hypothesis. A better comprehension of how pro-inflammatory milieu impacts these two types of cells in the mucosa will shed light on mucosal immune dysfunction and HIV reservoirs, and lead to novel ways to restore immune functions in HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | | | - Aarthi Talla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - David McDonald
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Alan D Levine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
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44
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The comparison of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22 cytokine profiles in acute and chronic HIV-1 infection. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:125-30. [PMID: 27268396 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare cytokine expression on both gene and protein levels in acute and chronic phase of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Thirty four patients were enrolled for cytokine expression analysis on protein level in acute and chronic stage of HIV-1 infection. Using PCR array technology, expression of 84 cytokine genes was measured in 3 patients in acute and 3 patients in chronic stage of HIV-1 infection. Bead-based cytometry was used to quantify levels of Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22 cytokines. The results showed statistically significant increase of 13 cytokine gene expression (cd40lg, csf2, ifna5, il12b, il1b, il20, lta, osm, spp1, tgfa, tnfsf 11, 14 and 8) and downregulation of the il12a expression in chronic HIV type 1 infection. Concentrations of IL-10, IL-4 and TNF-α were increased in the acute HIV type 1 infection when compared to control group. During chronic HIV type 1 infection there was an increase of IL-10, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-22 levels when compared to control group. Comparison of cytokine expression between two stages of infection showed a significant decrease in IL-9 concentration. This study showed changes in cytokine profiles on both gene and protein levels in different stages of HIV-infection.
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45
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Pananghat AN, Aggarwal H, Prakash SS, Makhdoomi MA, Singh R, Lodha R, Ali S, Srinivas M, Das BK, Pandey RM, Kabra SK, Luthra K. IL-8 Alterations in HIV-1 Infected Children With Disease Progression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3734. [PMID: 27227934 PMCID: PMC4902358 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease progression in HIV-1 infected children is faster than in adults. Less than 5% of the infected children maintain stable CD4 counts beyond 7 years of infection and are termed long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). Delineating the host immune response in antiretroviral naïve (ART) and treated HIV-1 infected children at different disease stages will help in understanding the immunopathogenesis of the disease.A total of 79 asymptomatic, perinatally HIV-1 infected children (50 ART naïve and 29 ART treated) and 8 seronegative donors were recruited in this study. T- and B-cell activation PCR arrays were performed from the cDNA, using total RNA extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 14 HIV-1 infected children at different stages of the disease. The differentially expressed genes were identified. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed for the (interleukin-8) IL-8 gene and its transcriptional mediators, that is, SHP2, GRB2, and IL-8R (IL-8 receptor/CXCR1). Plasma levels of IL-8 were measured by flow cytometry.Gene array data revealed a higher expression of IL-8 in the ART naïve HIV-1 infected progressors and in ART nonresponders than LTNPs and ART responders, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a significant higher expression of IL-8 (P < 0.001), its receptor CXCR1 (P = 0.03) and the upstream signaling molecule SHP2 (P = 0.04) in the progressors versus LTNPs. Plasma levels of IL-8 were significantly higher in progressors versus LTNPs (P < 0.001), and ART nonresponders versus ART responders (P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation of plasma levels of IL-8 with CD4 counts (cells/μL) was observed in HIV-1 infected ART naïve subjects (r = -0.488; P < 0.001), while the IL-8 levels positively correlated with viral load in the ART treated children (r = 0.5494; P < 0.001). ART naïve progressors on follow up demonstrated a significant reduction in the mRNA expression (P = 0.05) and plasma levels of IL-8 (P = 0.05) post 6 months of ART initiation suggesting the beneficial role of ART therapy in reducing inflammation in infected children.Our data suggest that IL-8 may serve as a potential prognostic marker in adjunct with CD4 counts to monitor disease progression in the HIV-1 infected children and the efficacy of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambili Nair Pananghat
- From the Department of Biochemistry (ANP, HA, SSP, MAM, KL), Department of Pediatrics (RS, RL, SKK), Department of Microbiology (BKD), Department of Pediatrics Surgery (MS), Department of Biostatistics (RMP), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (RMP), and Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India (ANP, SA)
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Torrentes-Carvalho A, Hottz ED, Marinho CF, da Silva JBC, de Oliveira Pinto LM, Fialho LG, Bozza FA, Cunha RV, Damasco PV, Kubelka CF, de Azeredo EL. Characterization of clinical and immunological features in patients coinfected with dengue virus and HIV. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu G, Qi M, Hutchinson MR, Yang G, Goldys EM. Recent advances in cytokine detection by immunosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:810-21. [PMID: 26774995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cytokines in body fluids, cells, tissues and organisms continues to attract considerable attention due to the importance of these key cell signaling molecules in biology and medicine. In this review, we describe recent advances in cytokine detection in the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical approaches for these trace analytes with specific focus on immunosensing. We discuss recent elegant designs of sensing interface with improved performance with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, stability, simplicity, and the absence of sample matrix effects. Various immunosensing approaches based on multifunctional nanomaterials open novel opportunities for ultrasensitive detection of cytokines in body fluids in vitro and in vivo. Methodologies such as suspension arrays also known as bead assays together with optical fiber-based sensors, on their own or in combination with microfluidic devices will continue to have an important role to address the grand challenge of real-time in vivo multiplex cytokine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia
| | - Meng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia.
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Distinct cytokine/chemokine network in semen and blood characterize different stages of HIV infection. AIDS 2016; 30:193-201. [PMID: 26558730 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cytokine/chemokine network is used by the innate and adaptive immune system to orchestrate effective immune responses. Here, we describe the cross-sectional association between cytokine levels and stage of HIV infection to gain novel insights into HIV-1 immunopathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets. DESIGN Concentrations of 31 cytokine/chemokines were retrospectively measured in blood and seminal plasma collected from 252 individuals enrolled in four well characterized cohorts: HIV-uninfected, untreated HIV-infected in early phase of infection, untreated HIV-infected in late phase of infection, and HIV-infected on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable HIV RNA levels in blood (<50 copies/ml). METHODS Cytokine/chemokine levels were measured by multiplex-bead array. Comparisons between groups were performed by Mann-Whitney U-test and P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. RESULTS Presence of HIV-infection skewed the cytokine/chemokine network towards a pro-inflammatory response in both blood and semen compared to HIV-uninfected controls. Such changes emerged within the first weeks of infection and were maintained thereafter: Among untreated HIV-infected individuals, none of the 31 measured cytokines were significantly different between early and later stages of infection. Suppression of plasma HIV RNA with ART did not result in normalization of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood. In semen, several pro-inflammatory cytokines were even further upregulated in ART-treated compared with HIV-uninfected and HIV-untreated individuals. CONCLUSION A profound disruption in the cytokine/chemokine network is evident in blood and semen from the earliest stage of HIV infection shortly after the first detection of systemic viremia. These changes are maintained throughout the chronic phase of the infection and do not normalize despite ART and suppression of plasma HIV RNA.
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Singh S, Sharma A, Arora SK. Combination of low producer AA-genotypes in IFN-γ and IL-10 genes makes a high risk genetic variant for HIV disease progression. Cytokine 2015; 77:135-44. [PMID: 26579633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rate of HIV disease progression varies considerably among individuals, host genetic makeup be one of the possible reasons. We aimed to determine association of functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), (-179G/T and +874T/A) in IFN-γ and (-1082A/G, -819C/T and -592C/A) in IL-10 genes, with the rate of disease progression or susceptibility to HIV infection. Therapy naïve HIV infected individuals from North India, categorized as slow progressors or fast progressors and HIV exposed seronegative individuals were recruited for this study. Genotyping results revealed significantly higher frequencies of low producer AA genotype at +874T/A in IFN-γ gene and -592C/A position in IL-10 gene in FPs (p<0.002). Multifactor dimensional reduction (MDR) analysis revealed this to be a high risk combination for faster disease progression in HIV-1 infected individuals. Low producer AA genotype carriers at +874T/A in IFN-γ gene produced significantly low amounts of cellular IFN-γ. Low producing haplotype 'ATA' at -1082, -819 and -592 loci in IL-10 gene was significantly over-represented in FPs as compared to SPs (p<0.01) and these individuals showed poor response to therapy in terms of CD4 count gains after one year of ART, compared to high producing haplotype (GCC) carriers. Thus, a combination of genetic variations in IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine genes in a single host associate with HIV disease progression and may help clinicians to better manage the HIV disease if known earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhvinder Singh
- Departments of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil K Arora
- Departments of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Poor functional immune recovery in aged HIV-1-infected patients following successfully treatment with antiretroviral therapy. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:701-10. [PMID: 26429325 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is now a well-recognized characteristic of the HIV-infected population and both AIDS and aging are characterized by a deficiency of the T-cell compartment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in recovering functional response of T cells to both HIV-1-specific ENV peptides (ENV) and tetanus toxoid (TT), in young and aged AIDS patients who responded to ARV therapy by controlling virus replication and elevating CD4(+) T cell counts. Here, we observed that proliferative response of T-cells to either HIV-1-specific Env peptides or tetanus toxoid (TT) was significantly lower in older antiretroviral (ARV)-treated patients. With regard to cytokine profile, lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-21, associated with elevated IL-10 release, were produced by Env- or TT-stimulated T-cells from older patients. The IL-10 neutralization by anti-IL-10 mAb did not elevate IFN-γ and IL-21 release in older patients. Finally, even after a booster dose of TT, reduced anti-TT IgG titers were quantified in older AIDS patients and it was related to both lower IL-21 and IFN-γ production and reduced frequency of central memory T-cells. Our results reveal that ARV therapy, despite the adequate recovery of CD4(+) T cell counts and suppression of viremia, was less efficient in recovering adequate immune response in older AIDS patients.
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