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Goffette V, Sabin N, Bugeon J, Jagot S, Hue I, Gabillard JC. Mature adipocytes inhibit differentiation of myogenic cells but stimulate proliferation of fibro-adipogenic precursors derived from trout muscle in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16422. [PMID: 39013963 PMCID: PMC11252293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between tissues and cell types, mediated by cytokines or direct cell-cell exchanges, regulate growth. To determine whether mature adipocytes influence the in vitro growth of trout mononucleated muscle cells, we developed an indirect coculture system, and showed that adipocytes (5 × 106 cells/well) derived from perivisceral adipose tissue increased the proliferation (BrdU-positive cells) of the mononucleated muscle cells (26% vs. 39%; p < 0.001) while inhibiting myogenic differentiation (myosin+) (25% vs. 15%; p < 0.001). Similar effects were obtained with subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived adipocytes, although requiring more adipocytes (3 × 107 cells/well vs. 5 × 106 cells/well). Conditioned media recapitulated these effects, stimulating proliferation (31% vs. 39%; p < 0.001) and inhibiting myogenic differentiation (32 vs. 23%; p < 0.001). Adipocytes began to reduce differentiation after 24 h, whereas proliferation stimulation was observed after 48 h. While adipocytes did not change pax7+ and myoD1/2+ percentages, they reduced myogenin+ cells showing inhibition from early differentiation stage. Finally, adipocytes increased BrdU+ cells in the Pdgfrα+ population but not in the myoD+ one. Collectively, our results demonstrate that trout adipocytes promote fibro-adipocyte precursor proliferation while inhibiting myogenic cells differentiation in vitro, suggesting the key role of adipose tissue in regulating fish muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Goffette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Sabin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jerôme Bugeon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Jagot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Hue
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Gabillard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, INRAE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
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2
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Jäger J, Vahav I, Thon M, Waaijman T, Spanhaak B, de Kok M, Bhogal RK, Gibbs S, Koning JJ. Reconstructed Human Skin with Hypodermis Shows Essential Role of Adipose Tissue in Skin Metabolism. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:499-511. [PMID: 38367122 PMCID: PMC10987437 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of skin metabolism is associated with a plethora of diseases such as psoriasis and dermatitis. Until now, reconstructed human skin (RhS) models lack the metabolic potential of native human skin, thereby limiting their relevance to study human healthy and diseased skin. We aimed to determine whether incorporation of an adipocyte-containing hypodermis into RhS improves its metabolic potential and to identify major metabolic pathways up-regulated in adipose-RhS. METHODS Primary human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and differentiated adipose-derived stromal cells were co-cultured in a collagen/fibrin scaffold to create an adipose-RhS. The model was extensively characterized structurally in two- and three-dimensions, by cytokine secretion and RNA-sequencing for metabolic enzyme expression. RESULTS Adipose-RhS showed increased secretion of adipokines. Both RhS and adipose-RhS expressed 29 of 35 metabolic genes expressed in ex vivo native human skin. Addition of the adipose layer resulted in up-regulation of 286 genes in the dermal-adipose fraction of which 7 were involved in phase I (CYP19A1, CYP4F22, CYP3A5, ALDH3B2, EPHX3) and phase II (SULT2B1, GPX3) metabolism. Vitamin A, D and carotenoid metabolic pathways were enriched. Additionally, pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33, IFN-α2, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10, IL-12p70) secretion was reduced in adipose-RhS. CONCLUSIONS Adipose-RhS mimics healthy native human skin more closely than traditional RhS since it has a less inflamed phenotype and a higher metabolic activity, indicating the contribution of adipocytes to tissue homeostasis. Therefore it is better suited to study onset of skin diseases and the effect of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jäger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irit Vahav
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Tissue Function & Regeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Thon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco Waaijman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Spanhaak
- Systems Biology Lab, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael de Kok
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Navarro-Perez J, Carobbio S. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells, in vivo and in vitro models for metabolic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116108. [PMID: 38438053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The primary role of adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) is to support the function and homeostasis of adipose tissue in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, when ADSCs become dysfunctional in diseases such as obesity and cancer, they become impaired, undergo signalling changes, and their epigenome is altered, which can have a dramatic effect on human health. In more recent years, the therapeutic potential of ADSCs in regenerative medicine, wound healing, and for treating conditions such as cancer and metabolic diseases has been extensively investigated with very promising results. ADSCs have also been used to generate two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cellular and in vivo models to study adipose tissue biology and function as well as intracellular communication. Characterising the biology and function of ADSCs, how it is altered in health and disease, and its therapeutic potential and uses in cellular models is key for designing intervention strategies for complex metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Major G, Longoni A, Simcock J, Magon NJ, Harte J, Bathish B, Kemp R, Woodfield T, Lim KS. Clinical Applicability of Visible Light-Mediated Cross-linking for Structural Soft Tissue Reconstruction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300538. [PMID: 37424046 PMCID: PMC10502829 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-mediated cross-linking has utility for enhancing the structural capacity and shape fidelity of laboratory-based polymers. With increased light penetration and cross-linking speed, there is opportunity to extend future applications into clinical spheres. This study evaluated the utility of a ruthenium/sodium persulfate photocross-linking system for increasing structural control in heterogeneous living tissues as an example, focusing on unmodified patient-derived lipoaspirate for soft tissue reconstruction. Freshly-isolated tissue is photocross-linked, then the molar abundance of dityrosine bonds is measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the resulting structural integrity assessed. The cell function and tissue survival of photocross-linked grafts is evaluated ex vivo and in vivo, with tissue integration and vascularization assessed using histology and microcomputed tomography. The photocross-linking strategy is tailorable, allowing progressive increases in the structural fidelity of lipoaspirate, as measured by a stepwise reduction in fiber diameter, increased graft porosity and reduced variation in graft resorption. There is an increase in dityrosine bond formation with increasing photoinitiator concentration, and tissue homeostasis is achieved ex vivo, with vascular cell infiltration and vessel formation in vivo. These data demonstrate the capability and applicability of photocrosslinking strategies for improving structural control in clinically-relevant settings, potentially achieving more desirable patient outcomes using minimal manipulation in surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Major
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineCentre for Bioengineering & NanomedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineCentre for Bioengineering & NanomedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Jeremy Simcock
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Magon
- Centre for Free Radical ResearchDepartment of Pathology and Biomedical ScienceUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Jessica Harte
- Jacqui Wood Cancer CentreDivision of Cellular MedicineNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeScotlandDD2 1GZUK
| | - Boushra Bathish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineCentre for Bioengineering & NanomedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
- Jacqui Wood Cancer CentreDivision of Cellular MedicineNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolUniversity of DundeeDundeeScotlandDD2 1GZUK
| | - Roslyn Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OtagoDunedin9016New Zealand
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineCentre for Bioengineering & NanomedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
| | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineCentre for Bioengineering & NanomedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurch8011New Zealand
- Light‐Activated Biomaterials GroupSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydney2006Australia
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5
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Louis F, Sowa Y, Irie S, Higuchi Y, Kitano S, Mazda O, Matsusaki M. Injectable Prevascularized Mature Adipose Tissues (iPAT) to Achieve Long-Term Survival in Soft Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201440. [PMID: 36103662 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue regeneration remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery. So far, both autologous fat implantations and artificial implants methods used in clinical applications lead to various disadvantages and limited lifespan. To overcome these limitations and improve the graft volume maintenance, reproducing a mature adipose tissue already including vasculature structure before implantation can be the solution. Therefore, injectable prevascularized adipose tissues (iPAT) are made from physiological collagen microfibers mixed with human mature adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, embedded in fibrin gel. Following murine subcutaneous implantation, the iPAT show a higher cell survival (84% ± 6% viability) and volume maintenance after 3 months (up to twice heavier) when compared to non-prevascularized balls and liposuctioned fat implanted controls. This higher survival can be explained by the greater amount of blood vessels found (up to 1.6-fold increase), with balanced host anastomosis (51% ± 1% of human/mouse lumens), also involving infiltration by the lymphatic and neural vasculature networks. Furthermore, with the cryopreservation possibility enabling their later reinjection, the iPAT technology has the merit to allow noninvasive soft tissue regeneration for long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Irie
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,TOPPAN INC, Taito, Tokyo, 110-0016, Japan
| | - Yuriko Higuchi
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shiro Kitano
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,TOPPAN INC, Taito, Tokyo, 110-0016, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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Gao Y, Kang Y, Wang T, Li C, Shen S, Qu C, Gong S, Liu P, Yang L, Liu J, Han B, Li C. Alginate microspheres-collagen hydrogel, as a novel 3D culture system, enhanced skin wound healing of hUCMSCs in rats model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112799. [PMID: 36095954 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
While stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising approach to improving wound healing outcomes, the application of stem cells to date has been limited by the poor survival and retention of these cells once transplanted. The survival, development, and migratory activity of transplanted cells can be improved through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Here, a novel alginate microsphere-collage hydrogel (AMS-Col gel) 3D culture system was developed and found to improve human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) survival, permitting their sustained release so as to promote wound healing. Through hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining, the prepared hUCMSCs-AMS-Col gel was found to exhibit wound healing activity. On day 7 following the hUCMSCs-AMS-Col gel treatment of model wounds, improved collagen fiber deposition and re-epithelialization were evident, with complete epithelial regeneration as of day 14 and near-total wound healing was evident as of day 21. This hUCMSCs-AMS-Col gel was also associated with increased VEGF and FGF2 expression. Together, these data indicate that AMS-Col gels are a promising and novel form of 3D cell culture system capable of improving hUCMSC-mediated wound healing, highlighting the potential clinical utility of this regenerative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yating Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Chengbo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Shengbiao Shen
- Yantai Longstrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Chenglei Qu
- Yantai Longstrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Shizhou Gong
- Yantai Longstrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Lintong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
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7
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Albrecht FB, Schmidt FF, Volz AC, Kluger PJ. Bioprinting of 3D Adipose Tissue Models Using a GelMA-Bioink with Human Mature Adipocytes or Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100611. [PMID: 36286112 PMCID: PMC9601941 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is related to the development and manifestation of multiple diseases, demonstrating the importance of suitable in vitro models for research purposes. In this study, adipose tissue lobuli were explanted, cultured, and used as an adipose tissue control to evaluate in vitro generated adipose tissue models. During culture, lobule exhibited a stable weight, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycerol release over 15 days. For building up in vitro adipose tissue models, we adapted the biomaterial gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composition and handling to homogeneously mix and bioprint human primary mature adipocytes (MA) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), respectively. Accelerated cooling of the bioink turned out to be essential for the homogeneous distribution of lipid-filled MAs in the hydrogel. Last, we compared manual and bioprinted GelMA hydrogels with MA or ASCs and the explanted lobules to evaluate the impact of the printing process and rate the models concerning the physiological reference. The viability analyses demonstrated no significant difference between the groups due to additive manufacturing. The staining of intracellular lipids and perilipin A suggest that GelMA is well suited for ASCs and MA. Therefore, we successfully constructed physiological in vitro models by bioprinting MA-containing GelMA bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska B. Albrecht
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Freia F. Schmidt
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Volz
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Petra J. Kluger
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7121-271-2061
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8
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Compera N, Atwell S, Wirth J, von Törne C, Hauck SM, Meier M. Adipose microtissue-on-chip: a 3D cell culture platform for differentiation, stimulation, and proteomic analysis of human adipocytes. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3172-3186. [PMID: 35875914 PMCID: PMC9400584 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00245k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Human fat tissue has evolved to serve as a major energy reserve. An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leads to an expansion of adipose tissue. Maintenance of this energy imbalance over long periods leads to obesity and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, for which a clinical cure is not yet available. In this study, we developed a microfluidic large-scale integration chip platform to automate the formation, long-term culture, and retrieval of 3D adipose microtissues to enable longitudinal studies of adipose tissue in vitro. The chip was produced from soft-lithography molds generated by 3D-printing, which allowed scaling of pneumatic membrane valves for parallel fluid routing and thus incorporated microchannels with variable dimensions to handle 3D cell cultures with diameters of several hundred micrometers. In 32 individual fluidically accessible cell culture chambers, designed to enable the self-aggregation process of three microtissues, human adipose stem cells differentiated into mature adipocytes over a period of two weeks. Coupling mass spectrometry to the cell culture platform, we determined the minimum cell numbers required to obtain robust and complex proteomes with over 1800 identified proteins. The adipose microtissues on the chip platform were then used to periodically simulate food intake by alternating the glucose level in the cell-feeding media every 6 h over the course of one week. The proteomes of adipocytes under low/high glucose conditions exhibited unique protein profiles, confirming the technical functionality and applicability of the chip platform. Thus, our adipose tissue-on-chip in vitro model may prove useful for elucidating the molecular and functional mechanisms of adipose tissue in normal and pathological conditions, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Compera
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Scott Atwell
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Wirth
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christine von Törne
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Gellan Gum Is a Suitable Biomaterial for Manual and Bioprinted Setup of Long-Term Stable, Functional 3D-Adipose Tissue Models. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070420. [PMID: 35877505 PMCID: PMC9315477 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its wide-ranging endocrine functions, adipose tissue influences the whole body’s metabolism. Engineering long-term stable and functional human adipose tissue is still challenging due to the limited availability of suitable biomaterials and adequate cell maturation. We used gellan gum (GG) to create manual and bioprinted adipose tissue models because of its similarities to the native extracellular matrix and its easily tunable properties. Gellan gum itself was neither toxic nor monocyte activating. The resulting hydrogels exhibited suitable viscoelastic properties for soft tissues and were stable for 98 days in vitro. Encapsulated human primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were adipogenically differentiated for 14 days and matured for an additional 84 days. Live-dead staining showed that encapsulated cells stayed viable until day 98, while intracellular lipid staining showed an increase over time and a differentiation rate of 76% between days 28 and 56. After 4 weeks of culture, adipocytes had a univacuolar morphology, expressed perilipin A, and secreted up to 73% more leptin. After bioprinting establishment, we demonstrated that the cells in printed hydrogels had high cell viability and exhibited an adipogenic phenotype and function. In summary, GG-based adipose tissue models show long-term stability and allow ASCs maturation into functional, univacuolar adipocytes.
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10
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Rogal J, Roosz J, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Xu R, Eisler W, Weiss M, Schenke‐Layland K, Loskill P. Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue-on-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104451. [PMID: 35466539 PMCID: PMC9218765 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of "diabesity", white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho-)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ-on-Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature-like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT-associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom-up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter-donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix-and-match approach. This WAT-on-Chip system constitutes the first human-based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human-relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized- and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Raylin Xu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
- Harvard Medical School (HMS)25 Shattuck StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for PlasticReconstructiveHand and Burn SurgeryBG Trauma CenterEberhard Karls University TübingenSchnarrenbergstraße 95Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Women's HealthEberhard Karls University TübingenCalwerstrasse 7Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Katja Schenke‐Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Medicine/CardiologyCardiovascular Research LaboratoriesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645Los AngelesCA90095USA
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”Eberhard Karls University TuebingenRöntgenweg 11Tuebingen72076Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenSilcherstr. 7/1Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
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11
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Qi L, Zushin PJ, Chang CF, Lee YT, Alba DL, Koliwad S, Stahl A. Probing Insulin Sensitivity with Metabolically Competent Human Stem Cell-Derived White Adipose Tissue Microphysiological Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103157. [PMID: 34761526 PMCID: PMC8776615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Impaired white adipose tissue (WAT) function has been recognized as a critical early event in obesity-driven disorders, but high buoyancy, fragility, and heterogeneity of primary adipocytes have largely prevented their use in drug discovery efforts highlighting the need for human stem cell-based approaches. Here, human stem cells are utilized to derive metabolically functional 3D adipose tissue (iADIPO) in a microphysiological system (MPS). Surprisingly, previously reported WAT differentiation approaches create insulin resistant WAT ill-suited for type-2 diabetes mellitus drug discovery. Using three independent insulin sensitivity assays, i.e., glucose and fatty acid uptake and suppression of lipolysis, as the functional readouts new differentiation conditions yielding hormonally responsive iADIPO are derived. Through concomitant optimization of an iADIPO-MPS, it is abled to obtain WAT with more unilocular and significantly larger (≈40%) lipid droplets compared to iADIPO in 2D culture, increased insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake (≈2-3 fold), fatty acid uptake (≈3-6 fold), and ≈40% suppressing of stimulated lipolysis giving a dynamic range that is competent to current in vivo and ex vivo models, allowing to identify both insulin sensitizers and desensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Peter James Zushin
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Yue Tung Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Diana L. Alba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Suneil Koliwad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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12
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Louis F, Sowa Y, Kitano S, Matsusaki M. High-throughput drug screening models of mature adipose tissues which replicate the physiology of patients' Body Mass Index (BMI). Bioact Mater 2022; 7:227-241. [PMID: 34466729 PMCID: PMC8379425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and incompletely understood disease, but current drug screening strategies mostly rely on immature in vitro adipose models which cannot recapitulate it properly. To address this issue, we developed a statistically validated high-throughput screening model by seeding human mature adipocytes from patients, encapsulated in physiological collagen microfibers. These drop tissues ensured the maintenance of adipocyte viability and functionality for controlling glucose and fatty acids uptake, as well as glycerol release. As such, patients' BMI and insulin sensitivity displayed a strong inverse correlation: the healthy adipocytes were associated with the highest insulin-induced glucose uptake, while insulin resistance was confirmed in the underweight and severely obese adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity recovery was possible with two type 2 diabetes treatments, rosiglitazone and melatonin. Finally, the addition of blood vasculature to the model seemed to more accurately recapitulate the in vivo physiology, with particular respect to leptin secretion metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louis
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Corresponding author. Kyoto, 602-8566, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan.
| | - Shiro Kitano
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD., Technical Research Institute, 4-2-3 Takanodaiminami, Sugito-machi, Saitama, 345-8508, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Osaka University, Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Corresponding author. Osaka, 565-0871, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.
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13
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Overcoming functional challenges in autologous and engineered fat grafting trends. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:77-92. [PMID: 34016480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting offers significant promise for the repair of soft tissue deformities; however, high resorption rates indicate that engineered solutions are required to improve adipose tissue (AT) survival. Advances in material development and biofabrication have laid the foundation for the generation of functional AT constructs; however, a balance needs to be struck between clinically feasible delivery and improved structural integrity of the grafts. A new approach combining the objectives from both the clinical and research communities will assist in developing morphologically and genetically mature AT constructs, with controlled spatial arrangement and increased potential for neovascularization. In a rapidly progressing field, this review addresses research in both the preclinical and bioengineering domains and assesses their ability to resolve functional challenges.
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14
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The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073456. [PMID: 33810619 PMCID: PMC8037155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a globally increasing health problem, entailing diverse comorbidities such as infectious diseases. An obese weight status has marked effects on lung function that can be attributed to mechanical dysfunctions. Moreover, the alterations of adipocyte-derived signal mediators strongly influence the regulation of inflammation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Our review summarizes the known effects regarding pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. For this, we discuss model systems that allow mechanistic investigation of the interplay between obesity and lung infections. Overall, obesity gives rise to a higher susceptibility to infectious pathogens, but the pathogenetic process is not clearly defined. Whereas, viral infections often show a more severe course in obese patients, the same patients seem to have a survival benefit during bacterial infections. In particular, we summarize the main mechanical impairments in the pulmonary tract caused by obesity. Moreover, we outline the main secretory changes within the expanded adipose tissue mass, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Finally, we connect these altered host factors to the influence of obesity on the development of lung infection by summarizing observations from clinical and experimental data.
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15
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Louis F, Piantino M, Liu H, Kang DH, Sowa Y, Kitano S, Matsusaki M. Bioprinted Vascularized Mature Adipose Tissue with Collagen Microfibers for Soft Tissue Regeneration. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2021; 2021:1412542. [PMID: 36285131 PMCID: PMC9494725 DOI: 10.34133/2021/1412542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of soft tissue regeneration has recently gained importance due to safety concerns about artificial breast implants. Current autologous fat graft implantations can result in up to 90% of volume loss in long-term outcomes due to their limited revascularization. Adipose tissue has a highly vascularized structure which enables its proper homeostasis as well as its endocrine function. Mature adipocytes surrounded by a dense vascular network are the specific features required for efficient regeneration of the adipose tissue to perform host anastomosis after its implantation. Recently, bioprinting has been introduced as a promising solution to recreate in vitro this architecture in large-scale tissues. However, the in vitro induction of both the angiogenesis and adipogenesis differentiations from stem cells yields limited maturation states for these two pathways. To overcome these issues, we report a novel method for obtaining a fully vascularized adipose tissue reconstruction using supporting bath bioprinting. For the first time, directly isolated mature adipocytes encapsulated in a bioink containing physiological collagen microfibers (CMF) were bioprinted in a gellan gum supporting bath. These multilayered bioprinted tissues retained high viability even after 7 days of culture. Moreover, the functionality was also confirmed by the maintenance of fatty acid uptake from mature adipocytes. Therefore, this method of constructing fully functional adipose tissue regeneration holds promise for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Marie Piantino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Dong-Hee Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shiro Kitano
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
- Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
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16
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Yao M, Zhang K, Chen Z, Yue H, Shi J, Guan F, Ma S. Sodium alginate/collagen hydrogel loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes wound healing and skin remodeling. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:809-821. [PMID: 33159581 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy for wound healing, but the low retention and survival of transplanted stem cells limit their application. Injectable hydrogels exert beneficial effects in skin tissue engineering. In this study, an injectable hydrogel composed of sodium alginate (SA) and collagen type I (Col) was synthesized as a tissue scaffold to improve the efficacy of stem cells in a full-thickness excision wound model. Our results showed that SA/Col hydrogel was injectable, biodegradable, and exhibited low immunogenicity, which could promote the retention and survival of hUC-MSCs in vivo. SA/Col loaded with hUC-MSCs showed reduced wound size (p < 0.05). Histological and immunofluorescence results confirmed that SA/Col loaded with hUC-MSCs significantly promoted the formation of granulation, enhanced collagen deposition and angiogenesis, increased VEGF and TGF-β1 expression (p < 0.05), and mitigated inflammation evidenced by lower production of TNF-α and IL-1β and higher release of IL-4 and IL-10 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SA/Col loaded with hUC-MSCs significantly lowered the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins (p < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that SA/Col loaded with hUC-MSCs promotes skin wound healing via partly inhibiting NLRP3 pathway, which has potential to the treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Minghao Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Han Yue
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jijing Shi
- Central Lab of the First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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17
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Wongtrakul-Kish K, Herbert BR, Packer NH. Bisecting GlcNAc Protein N-Glycosylation Is Characteristic of Human Adipogenesis. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:1313-1327. [PMID: 33383989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue contains a major source of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) that have the ability to differentiate into various cell types: in vitro, ADSCs can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages including adipocytes, while in vivo, ADSCs become mature adipocytes. Protein glycosylation has been shown to change in stem cell differentiation, and while ADSCs have been acknowledged for their therapeutic potential, little is known about protein glycosylation during human ADSC adipogenic differentiation. In the present study, the global membrane protein glycosylation of native adipocytes was compared to ADSCs from the same individuals as a model of in vivo adipogenesis. For in vitro adipogenesis, ADSCs were adipogenically differentiated in cell culture using an optimized, large-scale differentiation procedure. The membrane glycome of the differentiated ADSCs (dADSCs) was compared with mature adipocytes and the progenitor ADSCs. A total of 137 glycan structures were characterized across the three cell types using PGC-LC coupled with negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS)/MS. Significantly higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc-type N-glycans were detected in mature adipocytes (32.1% of total glycans) and in in vitro dADSC progeny (1.9% of total glycans) compared to ADSCs. This was further correlated by the mRNA expression of the MGAT3 gene responsible for the enzymatic synthesis of this structural type. The bisecting GlcNAc structures were found on the majority of human native adipocyte membrane proteins, suggesting an important role in human adipocyte biology. Core fucosylation was also significantly increased during in vivo adipogenesis but did not correlate with an increase in Fut8 gene transcript. Unexpectedly, low abundance structures carrying rare β-linked Gal-Gal termini were also detected. Overall, the N-glycan profiles of the in vitro differentiated progeny did not reflect native adipocytes, and the results show that bisecting GlcNAc structures are a characteristic feature of human adipocyte membrane protein N-glycosylation. Raw MS files are available on GlycoPOST (ID: GPST000153 https://glycopost.glycosmos.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Benjamin R Herbert
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.,ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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18
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McCarthy M, Brown T, Alarcon A, Williams C, Wu X, Abbott RD, Gimble J, Frazier T. Fat-On-A-Chip Models for Research and Discovery in Obesity and Its Metabolic Comorbidities. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:586-595. [PMID: 32216545 PMCID: PMC8196547 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and its associated comorbidities present a looming challenge to health care delivery throughout the world. Obesity is characterized as a sterile inflammatory process within adipose tissues leading to dysregulated secretion of bioactive adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, as well as systemic metabolic dysfunction. The majority of current obesity research has focused primarily on preclinical animal models in vivo and two-dimensional cell culture models in vitro. Neither of these generalized approaches is optimal due to interspecies variability, insufficient accuracy with respect to predicting human outcomes, and failure to recapitulate the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Consequently, there is a growing demand and need for more sophisticated microphysiological systems to reproduce more physiologically accurate human white and brown/beige adipose depots. To address this research need, human and murine cell lines and primary cultures are being combined with bioscaffolds to create functional 3D environments that are suitable for metabolically active adipose organoids in both static and perfusion bioreactor cultures. The development of these technologies will have considerable impact on the future pace of discovery for novel small molecules and biologics designed to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome and obesity in humans. Furthermore, when these adipose tissue models are integrated with other organ systems they will have applicability to obesity-related disorders such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. Impact statement The current review article summarizes the advances made within the organ-onchip field, as it pertains to adipose tissue models of obesity and obesity-related syndromes, such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. As humanized 3D adipose-derived constructs become more accessible to the research community, it is anticipated that they will accelerate and enhance the drug discovery pipeline for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases by reducing the preclinical evaluation process and improving predictive accuracy. Such developments, applications, and usages of existing technologies can change the paradigm of personalized medicine and create substantial progress in our approach to modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore Brown
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrea Alarcon
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Xiying Wu
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Trivia Frazier
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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19
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Development of novel human in vitro vascularized adipose tissue model with functional macrophages. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:665-683. [PMID: 32524217 PMCID: PMC7547925 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been proven significant factor in development of type 2 diabetes. So far, most of the adipose tissue related research has been performed in animals, mainly rodent models. The relevance of translation of animal results to humans is questionable. However, in vitro model with relevant human cell source, such as human adipose tissue stromal cells (hASC), can be developed and should be utilized for human adipose tissue research. We developed in vitro models of human adipose tissue utilizing hASC, endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. By isolating endothelial cells and macrophages from same adipose tissue as hASC, we were able to provide method for constructing personalized models of adipose tissue. With these models, we studied the effect of macrophages on adipogenesis and protein secretion, with and without vasculature. The models were analyzed for immunocytochemical markers, cell number, triglyceride accumulation and protein secretion. We found that lipid accumulation was greater in adipocytes in the presence of macrophages. Interferon gamma increased this difference between adipocyte culture and Adipocyte-Macrophage co-culture. Protein secretion was affected more by macrophages when vasculature was not present compared to the mild effect when vasculature was present. The vascularized adipose model with macrophages is valuable tool for human adipose tissue research, especially for the personalized medicine approaches; for choosing the right treatments and for studying rare medical conditions.
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20
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Rogal J, Binder C, Kromidas E, Roosz J, Probst C, Schneider S, Schenke-Layland K, Loskill P. WAT-on-a-chip integrating human mature white adipocytes for mechanistic research and pharmaceutical applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6666. [PMID: 32313039 PMCID: PMC7170869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its numerous adverse health consequences have taken on global, pandemic proportions. White adipose tissue (WAT) - a key contributor in many metabolic diseases - contributes about one fourth of a healthy human's body mass. Despite its significance, many WAT-related pathophysiogical mechanisms in humans are still not understood, largely due to the reliance on non-human animal models. In recent years, Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms have developed into promising alternatives for animal models; these systems integrate engineered human tissues into physiological microenvironment supplied by a vasculature-like microfluidic perfusion. Here, we report the development of a novel OoC that integrates functional mature human white adipocytes. The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. The platform's capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. The novel system provides a promising tool for wide-ranging applications in mechanistic research of WAT-related biology, in studying of pathophysiological mechanisms in obesity and diabetes, and in R&D of pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carina Binder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elena Kromidas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christopher Probst
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Loskill
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Calwerstrasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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di Somma M, Vliora M, Grillo E, Castro B, Dakou E, Schaafsma W, Vanparijs J, Corsini M, Ravelli C, Sakellariou E, Mitola S. Role of VEGFs in metabolic disorders. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:119-130. [PMID: 31853841 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are important public health problems. In this review, the role of vasculature network and VEGF in the adipose tissue maintenance and supplementation is discussed. Angiogenesis is a key process implicated in regulation of tissues homeostasis. Dysregulation of new blood vessels formation may be crucial and contribute to the onset of several pathological conditions, including metabolic syndrome-associated disorders. Adipose tissue homeostasis is fine regulated by vascular network. Vessels support adipose structure. Vasculature modulates the balance between positive and negative regulator factors. In white adipose tissue, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) controls the metabolic activities of adipocytes promoting the trans-differentiation from white to beige phenotype. Trans-differentiation results in an increase of energy consumption. VEGF exerts an opposite effect on brown adipose tissue, where VEGF increases oxygen supply and improves energy expenditure inducing the whitening of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M di Somma
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Vliora
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - E Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - B Castro
- Histocell, S.L.Parque Tecnológico 801A, 2º, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - E Dakou
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Schaafsma
- Histocell, S.L.Parque Tecnológico 801A, 2º, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - J Vanparijs
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Sakellariou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - S Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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