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Cai Y, She X, Singh MK, Wang H, Wang M, Abbey C, Rozelle S, Tong L. general psychopathology factor in Chinese adolescents and its correlation with trans-diagnostic protective psycho-social factors. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:245-255. [PMID: 38848970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity in mental disorders is prevalent among adolescents, with evidence suggesting a general psychopathology factor ("p" factor) that reflects shared mechanisms across different disorders. However, the association between the "p" factor and protective factors remains understudied. The current study aimed to explore the "p" factor, and its associations with psycho-social functioning, in Chinese adolescents. METHODS 2052 students, aged 9-17, were recruited from primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Multiple rating scales were used to assess psychological symptoms and psycho-social functioning. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the fit of models involving different psychopathology domains such as externalizing, internalizing, and the "p" factor. Subsequently, structural equation models were used to explore associations between the extracted factors and psycho-social functioning, including emotion regulation, mindful attention awareness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience, and perceived support. RESULTS The bi-factor model demonstrated a good fit, with a "p" factor accounting for 46 % of symptom variation, indicating that the psychological symptoms of Chinese adolescents could be explained by internalizing, externalizing, and the "p" factor. Psychologically, a higher "p" was positively correlated with emotion suppression and negatively correlated with mindful attention awareness, emotion reappraisal, self-esteem, and resilience. Socially, a higher "p" was associated with decreased perceived support. LIMITATIONS Only common symptoms were included as this study was conducted at school. Furthermore, the cross-sectional design limited our ability to investigate causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS A "p" factor exists among Chinese adolescents. Individuals with higher "p" factor levels were prone to experience lower levels of psycho-social functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinshu She
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lian Tong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Amer SAAM, Fouad AM, El-Samahy M, Anan M, Saati AA, Sarhan AA, Alalfy SA, Tawfik MY. Cognitive function and work resilience of healthcare professionals: A comparative cross-sectional study. J Family Community Med 2024; 31:153-159. [PMID: 38800795 PMCID: PMC11114877 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_304_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals (HCPs) face a variety of work-related stressors that have impact on their mental health and cognitive performance. Work resilience is a psychological resource that helps workers cope with stress and prevents unfavorable psychological impact. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between working as HCPs and cognitive function as well as work resilience. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among HCPs at Suez Canal University Hospital in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during April 2023 to August 2023. Two hundred and thirty-five HCPs and 107 administrative employees (Admins) were invited to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and other relavent data. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination test; work resilience was assessed with the Brief Resilience Scale; and psychological distress was measured with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21-items (DASS-21) scale. Statistical significance was determined by Mann Whitney U-test for continuous variables, and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact, as appropriate, for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to determine associations between the main outcomes (cognitive impairment and low resilience) and the main covariate (working as HCPs vs. Admins), adjusting for all potential confounders. RESULTS HCPs showed a significantly greater cognitive impairment, less resilience, and DASS-21 than the Admins. The odds of impaired cognitive function in HCPs were significantly higher than the Admins (odds ratio [OR]: 4.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27-15.67, P = 0.020), adjusted for all potential covariates. Similarly, the odds of low resilience in HCPs were significantly higher than Admins (OR: 5.81, 95% CI: 2.72-12.44, P < 0.001), adjusted for all potential covariates. However, the adjusted association between impaired cognitive function and low resilience was not statistically significant (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.23-1.33, P = 0.185). CONCLUSION HCPs had significantly impaired cognitive function and low work resilience. Workplace policies and interventions to control depression, stress, and anxiety are required as it is the encouragement of physical activity. Programs that combine positive coping skills training (e.g., relaxation training, positive thinking, and problem solving) with resilience-building interventions (e.g., taking a proactive approach to solving problems, being flexible and adaptive) should be developed, with special attention to HCPs who have a higher sense of self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. A. M. Amer
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Fouad
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Anan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas A. Sarhan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A. Alalfy
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mirella Y. Tawfik
- Department of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Djatmika, Mohamad B, Santosa R, Wibowo AH. Intercultural communicative competence among Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia: a qualitative exploration. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2024; 9:1321451. [PMID: 38601218 PMCID: PMC11004264 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2024.1321451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Millions of Indonesian migrant workers have sought employment in Malaysia during the last three decades. Many of them are skilled and unskilled laborers, and their incorporation into the host society's labor market has the potential to improve their own quality of life while also contributing significantly to the country's economy. However, Indonesian migrant workers encounter numerous problems in their professional and personal lives. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the intercultural communicative competence (ICC) factors as one of the Indonesian migrant workers' strategies. This is qualitative exploratory research on the factors of ICC in the integration of Indonesian migrant workers into the Malaysian labor market. Focus groups were used to obtain data from 16 Indonesian migrant workers who had already successfully integrated into the Malaysian workforce as well as newcomers who were in the process of integrating into the local culture. In addition, interviews have been conducted with the 13 employers to complement the data from the migrant workers. The data was analyzed using rounds of deductive and inductive coding and analysis based on the five components of Byram's model. The findings suggest that practicing intercultural communication skills can help migrant employees overcome cultural difficulties in the Malaysian labor market. The Indonesian migrant workers and their employers also indicated that they have an advantage in cultural integration due to the cultural similarities. The paper discusses the implications of the findings in terms of ICC training offered to migrant workers themselves (culture and language) and to professionals who work with them, with the goal of facilitating and promoting Indonesian migrant workers' labor market integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djatmika
- Faculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bahtiar Mohamad
- Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Riyadi Santosa
- Faculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Hari Wibowo
- Faculty of Cultural Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Nkire N, Shalaby R, Obuobi-Donkor G, Agyapong B, Eboreime E, Agyapong VIO. Assessing Resilience and Its Correlates among Residents of Fort McMurray during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6064. [PMID: 37372651 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global health crisis that has affected the psychological well-being of individuals across the world. The persistence of the pandemic and measures to curtail it have tested people's ability to cope successfully and bounce back from the pandemic, otherwise referred to as resilience. The present study examined resilience levels among residents of Fort McMurray and identified the demographic, clinical and social factors associated with resilience. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional survey design and collected data from 186 participants using online questionnaires. The survey included questions assessing sociodemographic information, mental health history and COVID-19-related variables. The main study outcome was resilience measured using the six-item Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The data from the survey were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression analyses in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25. RESULTS The results showed that seven independent variables (age, history of depression, history of anxiety, willingness to receive mental health counselling, support from the government of Alberta and support from employer) were statistically significant within the context of the logistic regression model. A history of an anxiety disorder was demonstrated to best predict low resilience. Participants who had a history of anxiety disorder were five times more likely to show low resilience compared to those without such a history. Participants with a history of depression showed a three-fold likelihood of having low resilience in comparison to those who did not have a history of depression. Individuals who expressed a desire to receive mental health counselling had a four-times likelihood of having low resilience than those who did not express a desire to receive mental health counselling. The results also showed that younger participants were more prone to low resilience compared to older participants. Receiving support from the government and one's employer is a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of examining resilience and its associated factors during a pandemic such as COVID-19. The results demonstrated that a history of anxiety disorder, depression and being younger were important predictors of low resilience. Responders who reported the desire to receive mental health counselling also reported expressing low resilience. These findings could be used to design and implement interventions aimed at improving the resilience of individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi Nkire
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Gloria Obuobi-Donkor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vincent I O Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Hartz C, Dragolov G, Arant R, Delhey J, Unzicker K, Boehnke K. Youth and social cohesion in times of the COVID pandemic: Most negatively affected? Most resilient? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1036516. [PMID: 36968760 PMCID: PMC10038128 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1036516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe current article reports findings from three large representative survey studies in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. The studies are part of the Social Cohesion Radar research initiative of Bertelsmann Stiftung.MethodsThe article explores the role of social cohesion in the relationship between COVID-based objective and subjective strain, on the one hand, and future optimism for the youth, citizens of active age, and the elderly. In particular, it focuses on the question whether the degree of social cohesion perceived by respondents moderates the relationship between strain and optimism in the different age groups.Results and discussionFindings show that the impact of perceived social cohesion in people’s life context has only modest effects on the relationship between strain and future optimism. Yet, the results show that having been affected by COVID in one way or the other leads to a small but persistent bounce-back effect. People affected by COVID tend to look more optimistic into the future than those who were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Hartz
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Carina Hartz,
| | - Georgi Dragolov
- School of Business, Social and Decision Sciences, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Regina Arant
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- School of Business, Social and Decision Sciences, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Delhey
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Boehnke
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
- School of Business, Social and Decision Sciences, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
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Zhu J, Zhang Z, Xu P, Huang K, Li Y. Unsociability and social adjustment of Chinese preschool migrant children: The moderating role of resilience. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1074217. [PMID: 36761860 PMCID: PMC9902508 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1074217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examined the moderating effect of children's resilience on the relations between unsociability and social adjustment (i.e., prosocial behaviors, peer exclusion, interpersonal skills, internalizing problems) in Chinese preschool migrant children. METHODS Participants were N = 148 children (82 boys, M age = 62.32 months, SD = 6.76) attending two public kindergartens in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Mothers provided ratings of children's unsociability and resilience; teachers assessed children's social adjustment outcomes, and children reported their receptive vocabulary. RESULTS Unsociability was positively associated with peer exclusion and internalizing problems, and negatively associated with prosocial behaviors and interpersonal skills among Chinese preschool migrant children. Moreover, children's resilience significantly moderated the relationship between unsociability and social adjustment. Specifically, among children with lower levels of resilience, unsociability was significantly and positively associated with peer exclusion and internalizing problems, while among children with higher levels of resilience, unsociability was not associated with social adjustment difficulties. CONCLUSION The current findings inform us of the importance of improving children's resilience to buffer the negative adjustment among Chinese migrant unsociable young children. The findings also highlight the importance of considering the meaning and implication of unsociability for preschool migrant children in Chinese culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Xu
- Hongkou District Education College, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Qingpu District Education College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Krause KD, Brennan-Ing M, Halkitis PN. Assessing the Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the HIV-Related Resilience Screener: The GOLD Studies. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:1703-1715. [PMID: 36369501 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
People who are 50 and older constitute the majority of those living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the US. Aging PLWHA face myriad biopsychosocial health challenges related to HIV/AIDS and the aging process. Resilience may act as a buffer to the negative impact of these challenges however measuring it among PLWHA has been inconsistent, so the HIV-Related Resilience Screener (HIV-RRS) was developed. Data for the present study are drawn from 250 sociodemographically diverse HIV-positive gay men ages 50-69 in NYC. Tests of reliability and validity were conducted, and an Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a three-factor model was the most parsimonious solution. Items were examined for their underlying relationships and labeled: adaptive coping, optimism, and effective coping. The total HIV-RRS yielded a Cronbach's α of 0.84. Convergent and face validity were established using psychosocial and physical outcomes. The HIV-RRS is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess resilience among older HIV-positive gay men.
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Lowthian E. The Secondary Harms of Parental Substance Use on Children's Educational Outcomes: A Review. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:511-522. [PMID: 35958702 PMCID: PMC9360289 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parental substance use, that is alcohol and illicit drugs, can have a deleterious impact on child health and wellbeing. An area that can be affected by parental substance use is the educational outcomes of children. Current reviews of the literature in the field of parental substance use and children's educational outcomes have only identified a small number of studies, and most focus on children's educational attainment. To grasp the available literature, the method from Arksey and O'Malley (2005) was used to identify literature. Studies were included if they were empirical, after 1950, and focused on children's school or educational outcomes. From this, 51 empirical studies were identified which examined the relationship between parental alcohol and illicit drug use on children's educational outcomes. Five main themes emerged which included attainment, behavior and adjustment, attendance, school enjoyment and satisfaction, academic self-concept, along with other miscellaneous outcomes. This paper highlights the main findings of the studies, the gaps in the current literature, and the challenges presented. Recommendations are made for further research and interventions in the areas of parental substance use and child educational outcomes specifically, but also for broader areas of adversity and child wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD Wales, UK
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK
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Kipman U, Bartholdy S, Weiss M, Aichhorn W, Schiepek G. Personality traits and complex problem solving: Personality disorders and their effects on complex problem-solving ability. Front Psychol 2022; 13:788402. [PMID: 35992417 PMCID: PMC9382194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.788402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex problem solving (CPS) can be interpreted as the number of psychological mechanisms that allow us to reach our targets in difficult situations, that can be classified as complex, dynamic, non-transparent, interconnected, and multilayered, and also polytelic. The previous results demonstrated associations between the personality dimensions neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion and problem-solving performance. However, there are no studies dealing with personality disorders in connection with CPS skills. Therefore, the current study examines a clinical sample consisting of people with personality and/or depressive disorders. As we have data for all the potential personality disorders and also data from each patient regarding to potential depression, we meet the whole range from healthy to impaired for each personality disorder and for depression. We make use of a unique operationalization: CPS was surveyed in a simulation game, making use of the microworld approach. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that personality traits are related to CPS performance. Results show that schizotypal, histrionic, dependent, and depressive persons are less likely to successfully solve problems, while persons having the additional behavioral characteristics of resilience, action orientation, and motivation for creation are more likely to successfully solve complex problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kipman
- College of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences and Research, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Kipman,
| | - Stephan Bartholdy
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Günter Schiepek
- Institute of Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical Private University, Salzburg, Austria
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Curtin M, Richards HL, Fortune DG. Resilience among health care workers while working during a pandemic: A systematic review and meta synthesis of qualitative studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 95:102173. [PMID: 35636130 PMCID: PMC9126830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Aim Method Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Curtin
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9P, Ireland
| | - Helen L Richards
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9P, Ireland; Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork T12 WE28, Ireland
| | - Donal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9P, Ireland; Clinical Psychology, Health Service Executive, CHO3 Mid West, Ireland.
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Üngüren E, Kaçmaz YY. Does COVID-19 pandemic trigger career anxiety in tourism students? Exploring the role of psychological resilience. JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM EDUCATION 2022; 30:100369. [PMID: 35035291 PMCID: PMC8747951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhlste.2022.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affects career anxiety of tourism students, who are the potential future employees of tourism and hospitality industry. Data was collected using an online survey with 1097 undergraduate students in the field of tourism in Turkey. The results of the study revealed that perceived risk of infection and fear of COVID-19 significantly impact students' career anxiety, and fear of COVID-19 mediate the relationship between perceived infection risk and career anxiety. In addition, the results indicated that psychological resilience, which is an individual resource against difficulties, represents a factor that reduces career anxieties of students in the face of pandemic-related negative impacts. The findings contribute to the understanding of how pandemic diseases affect career anxiety in students, who are the future workforce of the tourism sector, and to determine the role of individual resources such as psychological resilience in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Üngüren
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Alanya, Turkey
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12
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Li B, Wang P, Xie X, Chen Y, Wang W, Liu C, Zhao M, Zhu M, Mao N. Father Phubbing and Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms: Perceived Father Acceptance as a Mediator and Resilience as a Moderator. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:349-366. [PMID: 35482953 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2044745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research shows that parents' phubbing has negative impacts on children's well-being. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between father phubbing (FPh) and adolescents' depressive symptoms, the mediating and moderating mechanisms in this relationship. That is, whether FPh would be positively related to adolescents' depressive symptoms, whether perceived father acceptance (PFA) would be a mediator between the relationship of FPh and adolescents' depressive symptoms, and whether adolescent resilience would be a moderator in the pathways of FPh on adolescents' depressive symptoms. In this study, 3,770 Chinese adolescents (M = 16.44 years, SD = 0.78) were surveyed about their demographics, FPh, depressive symptoms, PFA, and resilience through questionnaires. After controlling for demographic information, the results showed that (1) FPh was positively correlated with depressive symptoms; (2) PFA was a mediator between FPh and adolescents' depressive symptoms; (3) resilience moderated the two indirect paths that the relationships between FPh and PFA and the relationship between PFA and adolescents' depressive symptoms. Our study shows that FPh is positively correlated with adolescents' depressive symptoms, which is of great significance to the theoretical construction and intervention of adolescents' depressive symptoms in this digital era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meng Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Administration of Education and Correction
| | - Minjie Zhu
- Phychological Consult Association Secretary-General of Fengxian District
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Ghulam A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Gialluisi A, Santonastaso F, Di Castelnuovo A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Gianfagna F, Iacoviello L. Association of Psychological Resilience with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a General Population in Italy: Prospective Findings from the Moli-Sani Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:222. [PMID: 35010483 PMCID: PMC8750664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience (PR) is the capacity to adapt positively in face of adversity. Its role as an independent protective factor has been acknowledged in recent years. We aimed to test the association of PR with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a general adult population. We performed longitudinal analyses on 10,406 CVD-free individuals from the Moli-Sani cohort (follow up = 11.2 year). PR was assessed by the 25-item Connor and Davidson resilience scale. PR factors were identified through polychoric factor analysis. Associations with mortality were tested using multivariable Cox regressions. Higher levels of PR were associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a model including sex and age (HR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.62-1.00). The association decreased after inclusion of socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors into the model (HR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.62-1.03). No relation was observed with cardiovascular mortality in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.56-1.39). An inverse association of Factor 1 (reflecting positive acceptance of change) with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.82-0.98; p value = 0.01) was found. However, at a borderline non-significant way, PR predicts all-cause mortality in a general population of Italian adults. This is supported by the findings demonstrating a significant association between the PR's domain reflecting a positive acceptance of change and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwal Ghulam
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Federica Santonastaso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
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14
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Shah SS, Memon FA, Qureshi F, Soomro AB, Kemal AA, Shah AA. Mental well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of fear, social isolation and psychological resilience. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2021.2006993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Shafaq Shah
- Institute of Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Akmal Memon
- Department of Management Information System, King Faisal University, Al Huf?f, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fiza Qureshi
- Institute of Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Bano Soomro
- Department of Management Information System, King Faisal University, Al Huf?f, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Atika Ahmad Kemal
- Management and Marketing Group, Essex Business School, University of Essex, UK
| | - Asif Ali Shah
- MUISTD, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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15
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Keegan RJ, Flood A, Niyonsenga T, Welvaert M, Rattray B, Sarkar M, Melberzs L, Crone D. Development and Initial Validation of an Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale in Military Personnel. Front Psychol 2021; 12:738609. [PMID: 34867619 PMCID: PMC8636321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personnel in many professions must remain “ready” to perform diverse activities. Managing individual and collective capability is a common concern for leadership and decision makers. Typical existing approaches for monitoring readiness involve keeping detailed records of training, health and equipment maintenance, or – less commonly – data from wearable devices that can be difficult to interpret as well as raising privacy concerns. A widely applicable, simple psychometric measure of perceived readiness would be invaluable in generating rapid evaluations of current capability directly from personnel. To develop this measure, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 770 Australian military personnel. The 32-item Acute Readiness Monitoring Scale (ARMS) demonstrated good model fit, and comprised nine factors: overall readiness; physical readiness; physical fatigue; cognitive readiness; cognitive fatigue; threat-challenge (i.e., emotional/coping) readiness; skills-and-training readiness; group-team readiness, and equipment readiness. Readiness factors were negatively correlated with recent stress, current negative affect and distress, and positively correlated with resilience, wellbeing, current positive affect and a supervisor’s rating of solider readiness. The development of the ARMS facilitates a range of new research opportunities: enabling quick, simple and easily interpreted assessment of individual and group readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Keegan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew Flood
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Theo Niyonsenga
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Ben Rattray
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mustafa Sarkar
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Crone
- Department of Defence, Australian Government, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
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16
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Ho GWK, Chan ACY, Shevlin M, Karatzias T, Chan PS, Leung D. Childhood Adversity, Resilience, and Mental Health: A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study of Chinese Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP10345-NP10370. [PMID: 31524036 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519876034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is a key health protective factor for those with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), but little research has explored how it manifests in early adulthood or across cultures. The purpose of this study was to generate a fuller understanding of resilience and its contribution to the relationships between mental health problems and ACEs among Chinese young adults in Hong Kong. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, 433 Chinese young adults aged 18 to 24 years were surveyed online to examine the relationships between ACEs, resilience, and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, maladjustment, and posttraumatic stress symptoms). Among them, 34 participants with ACEs were purposively selected and interviewed to explore cultural factors that influenced their resilience. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple hierarchical regression analyses; qualitative data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Higher cumulative ACE exposure was associated with higher severity of adjustment disorder and odds for screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorders, but not for symptoms of depression or anxiety. Resilience significantly contributed to explaining variances across all mental health outcomes over and beyond ACEs and in a protective fashion. Four themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (a) Privacy, emotional restraint, and "saving face"; (b) Conforming to preserve harmony; (c) A will to excel; and (d) Viewing adversity as a matter of luck. These findings suggest Chinese young adults' resilience was influenced by cultural norms of restraint, conformity, competition, and superstition. The present study provides a model for future studies using a mixed-methods design to deeply examine resilience among younger people exposed to early adversities within sociocultural, historical, or geographical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W K Ho
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - A C Y Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - M Shevlin
- Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland
| | - T Karatzias
- Edinburgh Napier University, UK
- Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P S Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - D Leung
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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17
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Baker FRL, Baker KL, Burrell J. Introducing the skills‐based model of personal resilience: Drawing on content and process factors to build resilience in the workplace. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin L. Baker
- East Midlands Psychology Ltd Nottingham UK
- St Andrews Healthcare, William Wake House Northampton UK
| | - Jo Burrell
- East Midlands Psychology Ltd Nottingham UK
- Clinical Psychology Unit University of Sheffield UK
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18
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Levels and Factors Associated with Resilience in Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Survey. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10120183. [PMID: 33260390 PMCID: PMC7760580 DOI: 10.3390/bs10120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Resilience is defined as the capacity to cope successfully with change or adversity. The aims of our study were to investigate levels of resilience in Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to identify potential predictors of resilience. Methods: We performed a web-based survey of HCPs (n = 1009) working in Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey contained a 14-item resilience scale (RS14) and questionnaires to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. Non-HCP individuals (n = 375) from the general population were used for comparison. Results: HCPs showed significantly lower resilience compared to the control group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed after stratification for geographical area, work setting, role, or suspected/confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. In a linear regression analysis, RS14 was inversely correlated with depression (R2 = 0.227, p < 0.001) and anxiety (R2 = 0.117, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with age (R2 = 0.012, p < 0.001) but not with body mass index (BMI, R2 = 0.002, p = 0.213). In male HCPs, higher depression score (odds ratio (OR) 1.147, p < 0.001) or BMI (OR 1.136, p = 0.011) significantly predicted having low resilience. In female HCPs, higher depression score (OR 1.111, p < 0.0001) and working in a COVID-19 free setting (OR 2.308, p = 0.002) significantly predicted having low resilience. HCPs satisfied with personal protective equipment had higher levels of resilience (p < 0.010). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that resilience was lower in Italian HCPs than in the general population after the first COVID-19 wave. Specific factors can be identified, and targeted interventions may have an important role to foster resilience of HCPs.
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19
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Lee EJ. Factors Predicting 6-Month Smoking Cessation in Korean Adults. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:703-714. [PMID: 32157547 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify factors predicting 6-month smoking cessation in Korean adult smokers. This descriptive correlation study assessed levels of urine cotinine, serum cotinine, serum serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; tobacco withdrawal symptoms; and resilience among 164 Korean adult smokers. Serum cotinine levels were negatively related to resilience at six months (r = -.42, p = .019), but were positively related to the amount of smoking (r = .32, p = .008) and with the Week 6 tobacco withdrawal symptoms score (r = .48, p = .001, n = 41). Higher resilience was associated with a higher 5-HIAA concentration. Greater therapy attendance, resilience, and withdrawal symptoms explained 35.3% of the variance in 6-month smoking cessation (Nagelkerke R2 = .35, p < .001, n = 76). Efforts to increase counseling attendance rates and resilience and decrease withdrawal symptoms could be useful ways to improve smoking cessation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Lee
- Nursing Department, Inha University, Inharo100, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Krause
- Center for Health, Behavior, Identity and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University
| | - Perry N Halkitis
- Center for Health, Behavior, Identity and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University.,Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology and Department of Urban-Global Public Health
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21
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Krause KD. The Impact of Resilience on Health: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. Behav Med 2020; 46:375-378. [PMID: 32787731 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1790975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Krause
- Center for Health, Behavior, Identity and Prevention Studies, Rutgers University
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22
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McGovern R, Gilvarry E, Addison M, Alderson H, Geijer-Simpson E, Lingam R, Smart D, Kaner E. The Association Between Adverse Child Health, Psychological, Educational and Social Outcomes, and Nondependent Parental Substance: A Rapid Evidence Assessment. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:470-483. [PMID: 29739281 PMCID: PMC7243080 DOI: 10.1177/1524838018772850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 5% and 30% of children in high-income countries live with a substance misusing parent, the majority of which is below dependent levels. However, little is understood about the impact of nondependent parental substance misuse upon children. METHODS We searched the international literature using rigorous systematic methods to identify studies examining parental substance misuse and adverse outcomes in children. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional, longitudinal, case-control, and cohort studies; of children aged 0-18 years whose parents are high-risk substance misusers; reporting on their health, psychological, substance use, educational, and social outcomes. RESULTS We identified 36 papers (from 33 unique studies), most of which were assessed as being of medium to high methodological quality (N= 28). Parental nondependent substance misuse was found to be associated with adversity in children, with strong evidence of an association with externalizing difficulties (N = 7 papers, all finding an association) and substance use (N = 23 papers, all finding an association) in adolescents and some evidence of adverse health outcomes in early childhood (N = 6/8 papers finding an association). There is less evidence of an association between parental substance misuse and adverse educational and social outcomes. The body of evidence was largest for parental alcohol misuse, with research examining the impact of parental illicit drug use being limited. CONCLUSION Methodological limitations restrict our ability to make causal inference. Nonetheless, the prevalence of adverse outcomes in children whose parents are nondependent substance misusers highlights the need for practitioners to intervene with this population before a parent has developed substance dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth McGovern
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eilish Gilvarry
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Addison
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Alderson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Geijer-Simpson
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie Smart
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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23
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Yang Y, Li Y, Sun Y. Psychometric evaluation of the characteristics of resilience in sports team inventory in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234134. [PMID: 32530925 PMCID: PMC7292377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the reliability and validity of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory (CREST) in Chinese team athletes. A sample of 659 athletes (male = 355, female = 304) aged from 16-34 (M = 20.08, SD = 2.98) participated in this study. The scale was translated into Chinese using forward and back translation procedures by two independent translators. Questionnaires were administered online. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.0 and Mplus 6.0. Results showed that the items were understood by Chinese team sport athletes. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the Chinese version of CREST had two sub-dimensions as it was in the original scale. Confirmatory factor analysis further demonstrated that the two-structure model was confirmed in the Chinese team sports context. The Cronbach's alpha values of the scale was 0.842, and the test-retest reliability coefficient of one-month interval was 0.836. It is concluded that the Chinese version of CREST can be used as a valid and reliable tool to assess team resilience in China and can be helpful and applicable in helping sports psychologists understand team resilience. Future studies should further examine the psychometric properties of the scale among world-class athletes and develop a team resilience measurement tool based on Chinese traditional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Yang
- Institute of Sports Training Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanlin Sun
- School of Physical Education and Educational Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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24
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Lee EJ. Long-Term Effects of Smoking Cessation on Depressive Symptoms, Resilience, Coping Skills, and Serotonin. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:263-271. [PMID: 31845167 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are many studies on how smoking cigarettes is harmful to health, but research on how smoking cessation improves mental health is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to examine long-term effects of smoking cessation on depressive symptoms, resilience, coping skills, and serotonin levels in Korean adults. This was a longitudinal study that followed up on periodically participants for 2 years after the initial smoking cessation intervention. A total of 164 smokers participated within this study. Of these, 15 maintained smoking cessation for 504.93 ± 182.82 days. On the other hand, 148 participants failed to maintain smoking cessation. Depressive symptoms decreased and resilience increased significantly over 2 years in the 15 abstainers. Smoking cessation, in total, decreased depressive symptoms by 32.9% (p = .015) and also increased resilience by 37.5% (p = .012). Smoking cessation also explained for 9% of total positive interpretation at the 1-year follow-up, and 7.3% of total self-criticism at the 2-year follow-up. Serum serotonin did not change over the course of 2 years in both abstainers and smokers but did decrease in the short-term for those who maintained smoking cessation. Platelet serotonin increased over 6 months among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Lee
- Nursing Department, Inha University, Inharo100, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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25
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Kofler S, Kobleder A, Ott S, Senn B. The effect of written information and counselling by an advanced practice nurse on resilience in women with vulvar neoplasia six months after surgical treatment and the influence of social support, recurrence, and age: a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial, WOMAN-PRO II. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:95. [PMID: 32375773 PMCID: PMC7203815 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-00965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with vulvar neoplasia often complain about physical and psychological distress after surgical treatment. Lack of information and support can influence resilience. Whether an information-related intervention through an advanced practice nurse supports resilience and which other factors affect resilience in women with vulvar neoplasia has never been investigated. METHODS The aims of this study were (a) to analyse whether counselling based on the WOMAN-PRO II program causes a significant improvement in the resilience scores of women with vulvar neoplasia compared to written information and (b) to identify the potential predictors of resilience. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in women with vulvar neoplasia (n = 49) 6 months after surgical treatment in four Swiss hospitals and one Austrian hospital. Analyses of resilience and its predictors were performed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS Thirty-six women (intervention I, n = 8; intervention II, n = 28) completed the randomized controlled trial. In total, 13 women (26.5%) dropped out of the trial. The resilience score did not differ significantly between the two interventions three and six months after randomisation (p = 0.759). Age (b = .04, p = 0.001), social support (b = .28, p = 0.009), counselling time (b = .03, p = 0.018) and local recurrence (b = -.56, p = 0.009) were identified as significant predictors of resilience in the linear mixed model analyses. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the WOMAN-PRO II program as single intervention does not cause a significant change in the resilience scores of women with vulvar neoplasia 6 months after surgery. Predictors that promote or minimise resilience have been identified and should be considered when developing resilience programs for women with vulvar neoplasia. A repetition of the study with a larger sample size is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION The WOMAN-PRO II program was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01986725 on 18 November 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kofler
- Institute for Applied Nursing Sciences IPW-FHS, FHS St. Gallen, University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Kobleder
- Institute for Applied Nursing Sciences IPW-FHS, FHS St. Gallen, University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Ott
- Lecturer for Business Mathematics and Statistics, University of Applied Sciences FHS St. Gallen, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beate Senn
- Institute for Applied Nursing Sciences IPW-FHS, FHS St. Gallen, University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9001, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Mallett Street 88, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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26
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Lowthian E, Moore G, Greene G, Kristensen SM, Moore SC. A Latent Class Analysis of Parental Alcohol and Drug Use: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106281. [PMID: 31958709 PMCID: PMC7378565 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We identified four parental substance use classes using quantity-frequency measures. Heavy use of alcohol formed a class which also included a large proportion of drug users. Mothers’ and their partner’s tended to have similar patterns of substance use behaviours.
Previous measures of parental substance use have often paid limited attention to the co-occurrence of alcohol and drugs, or to the between-parent dynamics in the use of substances. These shortcomings may have important implications for our understandings of the relationship between parental substance use and child wellbeing. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community-based cohort study from 1990 onwards (n = 9,451), we identified groups of parental substance use using latent class analysis. The 4-class solution offered the best fit, balancing statistical criteria and theoretical judgement. The results show distinct classes across the range of parental substance use, including very low users, low users, moderate users and heavy users. These classes suggest that substance use patterns among mothers are somewhat mirrored by those of their partners, while heavy use of alcohol by mothers and their partners is related to increased mothers drug use. We suggest that studies that investigate the effects of parental substance use on child wellbeing should pay greater attention to the dynamics of substance use by parental figures.
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27
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Nahum-Shani I, Bamberger P. The lingering effects of work context: Ambient work-unit characteristics and the impact of retirement on alcohol consumption. HUMAN RELATIONS; STUDIES TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 2019; 72:675-705. [PMID: 30905973 PMCID: PMC6425718 DOI: 10.1177/0018726718772883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While it is well established that workplace demands and culture can affect employee well-being, to what degree might these same factors have lingering implications on individual wellbeing after employees retire? To begin to answer this question, in this paper we propose and test a model explaining how retiree alcohol consumption may depend on pre-retirement contextual conditions. Specifically, we propose and test a moderated-mediation model in which two ambient work unit characteristics-work-unit stress climate and work-unit drinking norms-moderate the indirect effects of retirement, via distress, on modal alcohol consumption (i.e., the typical quantity and frequency of alcohol consumed). Using a prospective study design and a multi-level, zero-inflated negative binomial model for predicting modal alcohol consumption, our findings lend partial support for the proposed model. We found retirement (vs. continued employment) to be associated with a heightened probability of being an abstainer after retirement eligibility (i.e., at Time 2), regardless of the hypothesized unit-level moderators. Still, retirement had mixed effects on the level of modal consumption among those not abstaining at Time 2, with these effects being partially mediated by distress and contingent upon unit-level stress climate and unit-level drinking norms.
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28
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Wu AMS, Lau JTF, Mo PKH, Lau MMC. Psychological distress and resilience as risk and protective factors of psychoactive substance use among Chinese nonengaged youth. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology; University of Macau; Taipa Macau China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen China
- Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Phoenix K. H. Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen China
| | - Mason M. C. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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29
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Zhang H, Zhao Q, Cao P, Ren G. Resilience and Quality of Life: Exploring the Mediator Role of Social Support in Patients with Breast Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5969-5979. [PMID: 29248937 PMCID: PMC5744469 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can provoke a series of negative emotional changes in patients, further affecting their quality of life. It has been shown that patients with higher resilience have better quality of life. Social support systems are important protective factors that are necessary for the process of resilience to occur. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of social support in the relationship between resilience and quality of life among Chinese patients with breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS A demographic-disease survey, the Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Breast Cancer Version 3 were used to interview 98 patients with breast cancer from a teaching hospital in Chongqing, China. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, independent-sample t test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analyses. RESULTS The mean scores of resilience, social support, and quality of life were 54.68, 61.73, and 80.74 respectively, which were in the moderate range. Participants with stronger social support had higher resilience and better quality of life. Social support played a partial mediator role in the relationship between resilience and quality of life. The mediation effect ratio was 28.0%. CONCLUSIONS Social support is essential for the development of resilience and the improvement of quality of life in Chinese patients with breast cancer. Health professionals should provide appropriate guidelines to help patients seek effective support and enhance their resilience to improve their quality of life after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Peiye Cao
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of the Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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30
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Bowers C, Kreutzer C, Cannon-Bowers J, Lamb J. Team Resilience as a Second-Order Emergent State: A Theoretical Model and Research Directions. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1360. [PMID: 28861013 PMCID: PMC5562719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience has been recognized as an important phenomenon for understanding how individuals overcome difficult situations. However, it is not only individuals who face difficulties; it is not uncommon for teams to experience adversity. When they do, they must be able to overcome these challenges without performance decrements.This manuscript represents a theoretical model that might be helpful in conceptualizing this important construct. Specifically, it describes team resilience as a second-order emergent state. We also include research propositions that follow from the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Bowers
- Department of Psychology, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, United States
| | - Christine Kreutzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Central FloridaOrlando, FL, United States
| | | | - Jerry Lamb
- Naval Submarine Medical Research LaboratoryGroton, CT, United States
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Hou XL, Wang HZ, Guo C, Gaskin J, Rost DH, Wang JL. Psychological resilience can help combat the effect of stress on problematic social networking site usage. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ye Z, Chen L, Harrison SE, Guo H, Li X, Lin D. Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms Among Rural-to-Urban Migrant Children in China: The Protective Role of Resilience. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1542. [PMID: 27757098 PMCID: PMC5047914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peer victimization can have a profound effect on children’s wellbeing and is a known risk factor for depression in childhood. Migrant children experience peer victimization at higher rates than non-migrant peers; however, limited research has examined psychological factors that may serve to reduce depression risk for this group. In particular, no studies have yet investigated whether resilience, including personal characteristics, and a strong social support network, may moderate the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms for migrant children. This study utilized a latent interaction model to examine the effect of resilience on the relationship between peer victimization and depressive symptoms among 721 rural-to-urban migrant children in Beijing, China. Results indicated that peer victimization was positively associated with depressive symptoms. Resilience was found to be a protective factor for depressive symptoms and also mitigated the effects of peer victimization on depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggest that enrollment in private migrant schools may be linked with poorer psychosocial outcomes for Chinese migrant children. Strengthening the internal resilience and social supports for all migrant children may be an effective strategy to lower their risk for depression. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ye
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Sayward E Harrison
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC, USA
| | - Haiying Guo
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC, USA
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University Beijing, China
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Zebrak KA, Green KM. Mutual Influences Between Parental Psychological Distress and Alcohol Use and Child Problem Behavior in a Cohort of Urban African Americans. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2016; 37:1869-1890. [PMID: 28018018 PMCID: PMC5181843 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x14553055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parental psychological distress, parental alcohol involvement, and child/adolescent behavior problems frequently occur together with deleterious effects on individuals and families. Extant evidence suggests that parental and child problems are related; however, less is known about the patterns and directions of their relationships over time, particularly among African Americans. This study examined mutual influences between parental psychological distress and alcohol use, and child/adolescent problem behavior over a 10-year period (N = 459), using data from a prospective cohort study of urban African Americans. Using structural equation modeling, we found statistically significant effects between young adult parents' alcohol use and later adolescent problem behavior, as well as child problem behavior and parental alcohol use 10 years later, even after taking into account potential extraneous influences. Findings also demonstrated continuity in parental and child behaviors over time, and several contemporaneous associations. These findings have potential implications for intervention planning among African American families.
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Anyan F, Hjemdal O. Adolescent stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression: Resilience explains and differentiates the relationships. J Affect Disord 2016; 203:213-220. [PMID: 27310100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some adolescents exhibit resilience even in the face of high levels of stress exposure. Despite this relationship, studies that investigate explanations for how resilience interacts with risk to produce particular outcomes and why this is so are lacking. The effect of resilience across the relationship between stress and symptoms of anxiety and stress and symptoms of depression was tested to provide explanations for how resilience interacts with stress and symptoms of anxiety, and depression. METHOD In a cross-sectional survey, 533 Ghanaian adolescents aged 13-17 years (M=15.25, SD=1.52), comprising 290 girls and 237 boys completed the Resilience Scale for Adolescents, Adolescent Stress Questionnaire, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and Short Mood Feeling Questionnaire. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. RESULTS The results indicated that resilience partially mediated the relationship between stress, and symptoms of anxiety, and depression. Effects of stress were negatively associated with resilience, and positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. In a differential moderator effect, resilience moderated the relationship between stress and symptoms of depression but not stress and symptoms of anxiety. LIMITATIONS Although the findings in this study are novel, they do not answer questions about protective mechanisms or processes. CONCLUSIONS Evidence that resilience did not have the same effect across stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression may support resilience as a dynamic process model. Access to different levels of resilience shows that enhancing resilience while minimizing stress may improve psychiatric health in adolescents' general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Anyan
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Goroshit M. Post-traumatic Recovery to Distress Symptoms Ratio Mediates Relations of Resilience Fostering Resources and Their Predictors. Stress Health 2016; 32:216-23. [PMID: 25066027 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A large-scale study investigated the direct and indirect effects of demographic predictors and traumatic experiences on resilience fostering resources following a war. The sample consisted of 829 Israeli adults, living in a border town, 1 year after experiencing the 2006 war with Lebanon. Resilience was assessed by measures of individual and public resilience and low sense of danger. Results show that as hypothesized the proportion of post-traumatic recovery to post-war distress symptoms predicts these indices of resilience and partly mediates the direct links between these indices and demographic predictors (age, gender and economic condition) and exposure to war. Research of resilience has proposed several prototypical trajectories that characterize responses to potentially traumatic events. Our discussion suggests that these trajectories and their changes over time can be accounted for by the balance of post-war recovery to symptoms level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanan Eshel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel.,Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Department of Psychology, Tel Hai College, Israel
| | - Marina Goroshit
- Department of Education, Tel Hai College, Israel.,LCSR, National Research University, Higher School of Economics, Russia
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36
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Wang JL, Zhang DJ, Zimmerman MA. Resilience Theory and its Implications for Chinese Adolescents. Psychol Rep 2015; 117:354-75. [DOI: 10.2466/16.17.pr0.117c21z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, resilience theory has attracted great attention from both researchers and mental health practitioners. Resilience is defined as a process of overcoming the negative effects of risk exposure, coping successfully with traumatic experiences, or avoiding the negative trajectories associated with risks. Three basic models of resilience have been proposed to account for the mechanism whereby promotive factors operate to alter the trajectory from risk exposure to negative consequences: compensatory model, protective model, and inoculation model. Assets and resources are two types of promotive factors found to be effective in decreasing internalizing and externalizing problems. Considering the protective or compensatory role of assets and resources in helping youth be resilient against negative effects of adversity, resilience could be applied to Chinese migrant and left-behind children who are at risk for internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing problems (e.g., delinquent behaviors, cigarette and alcohol use). Additionally, psychological suzhi-based interventions, a mental health construct for individuals that focuses on a strengths-based approach, can be integrated with resilience-based approach to develop more balanced programs for positive youth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Jun Zhang
- Center for Mental Health Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, USA
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Aranda K, Hart A. Resilient moves: Tinkering with practice theory to generate new ways of thinking about using resilience. Health (London) 2014; 19:355-71. [DOI: 10.1177/1363459314554318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent public health policies have re-endorsed the key role all health and social care professionals have in tackling the social determinants of health inequalities. With inequalities firmly entrenched, and much theorising focused on reproduction rather than transformation, sustaining practitioner commitment and engagement with this work and maintaining confidence in achieving change is challenging. One increasingly popular way to intervene in practice to begin to address inequalities has been the use of resilience, even though resilience is frequently critiqued for its collusion with neoliberal imperatives in favouring individualised rather than socio-political responses. This article examines these concerns through the use of the practice turn and specifically ‘slim-line’ practice theory and ‘tinkering’ to explore the potential for reframing resilience theory and practice. Using an original data set derived from evaluations of resilience-based programmes, held with parents and practitioners between 2008 and 2012, this article re-examines participants’ understandings of resilience. We show how practice theory reveals entangled and emergent meanings, competencies and materials that constitute resilience as a social practice comprised of resilient moves. The implications of this reframing are discussed in relation to ontology, agency and change; but also for resilience theory and practice and public health practices more generally. In conclusion, we argue practice theory’s attention to context as more than mere backdrop to action helps shift inequality theorising beyond the individual and reproduction towards deeper, detailed social understandings of transformation and change.
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38
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Jordan LP, Graham E, Vinh ND. Alcohol Use among Very Early Adolescents in Vietnam: What Difference Does Parental Migration Make? ASIAN AND PACIFIC MIGRATION JOURNAL 2013; 22:401-419. [PMID: 24954964 DOI: 10.1177/011719681302200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the patterns of alcohol use among adolescents and the transmission of alcohol use behaviors from parents to children, including the passage into responsible and problem drinking, in the developing world. The following paper uses primary data from the Child Health and Migrant Parents in South-East Asia (CHAMPSEA) Project for older children aged 9, 10 and 11 to examine the prevalence (16.2 percent) and correlates of alcohol use initiation including parental migration status, caregiving arrangements and exposure to environmental alcohol use (family and friends) in Vietnam. Contrary to expectations, there is no observed migrant 'deficit.' There is some indication that early adolescents in the care of their grandparents are less likely to have a history of experimentation with alcohol use, although it is fully attenuated after controlling for other factors. Peer use is the most powerful explanatory measure of early adolescent drinking, with early adolescents more than five times as likely to have ever drunk alcohol if their friends drink also, and as expected, there is a strong child gender difference with girls much less likely to have a history of alcohol use. "A man without alcohol is like a flag without wind"- Popular Vietnamese saying.
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Lee H, Williams RA. Effects of parental alcoholism, sense of belonging, and resilience on depressive symptoms: a path model. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:265-73. [PMID: 23302055 PMCID: PMC4782792 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2012.754899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper explored the relationships between parental alcoholism, sense of belonging, resilience, and depressive symptoms among Koreans in the U.S. Data from 206 Koreans (Mean age = 28.4 years; 59.8% females) living in a Midwestern state were collected in 2009, using a web-based survey, which included Children of Alcoholic Screening Test, Sense of Belonging Instrument, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Path analysis results revealed sense of belonging as the most powerful, and resilience as the second important factor, resisting depressive symptoms associated with parental alcoholism. Implications for practice and research and study limitations are discussed. The study's limitations are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhwa Lee
- Intramural Research Program, NIH NINR, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA.
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40
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the variety of definitions, concepts, and theories of psychological resilience. To this end, the narrative is divided into three main sections. The first considers how resilience has been defined in the psychology research literature. Despite the construct being operationalized in a variety of ways, most definitions are based around two core concepts: adversity and positive adaptation. A substantial body of evidence suggests that resilience is required in response to different adversities, ranging from ongoing daily hassles to major life events, and that positive adaptation must be conceptually appropriate to the adversity examined in terms of the domains assessed and the stringency of criteria used. The second section examines the conceptualization of resilience as either a trait or a process, and explores how it is distinct from a number of related terms. Resilience is conceptualized as the interactive influence of psychological characteristics within the context of the stress process. The final section reviews the theories of resilience and critically examines one theory in particular that is commonly cited in the resilience literature. Future theories in this area should take into account the multiple demands individuals encounter, the meta-cognitive and -emotive processes that affect the resilience-stress relationship, and the conceptual distinction between resilience and coping. The review concludes with implications for policy, practice, and research including the need to carefully manage individuals’ immediate environment, and to develop the protective and promotive factors that individuals can proactively use to build resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fletcher
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mustafa Sarkar
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK
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Cranford JA, Zucker RA, Jester JM, Puttler LI, Fitzgerald HE. Parental alcohol involvement and adolescent alcohol expectancies predict alcohol involvement in male adolescents. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2010; 24:386-96. [PMID: 20853923 PMCID: PMC2946381 DOI: 10.1037/a0019801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current models of adolescent drinking behavior hypothesize that alcohol expectancies mediate the effects of other proximal and distal risk factors. This longitudinal study tested the hypothesis that the effects of parental alcohol involvement on their children's drinking behavior in mid-adolescence are mediated by the children's alcohol expectancies in early adolescence. A sample of 148 initially 9-11 year old boys and their parents from a high-risk population and a contrast group of community families completed measures of drinking behavior and alcohol expectancies over a 6-year interval. We analyzed data from middle childhood (M age = 10.4 years), early adolescence (M age = 13.5 years), and mid-adolescence (M age = 16.5 years). The sample was restricted only to adolescents who had begun to drink by mid-adolescence. Results from zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses showed that 1) maternal drinking during their children's middle childhood predicted number of drinking days in middle adolescence; 2) negative and positive alcohol expectancies in early adolescence predicted odds of any intoxication in middle adolescence; and 3) paternal alcoholism during their children's middle childhood and adolescents' alcohol expectancies in early adolescence predicted frequency of intoxication in middle adolescence. Contrary to predictions, child alcohol expectancies did not mediate the effects of parental alcohol involvement in this high-risk sample. Different aspects of parental alcohol involvement, along with early adolescent alcohol expectancies, independently predicted adolescent drinking behavior in middle adolescence. Alternative pathways for the influence of maternal and paternal alcohol involvement and implications for expectancy models of adolescent drinking behavior were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Cranford
- Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700, USA.
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Hyun MS, Nam KA, Kim MA. Randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for at-risk Korean male adolescents. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2010; 24:202-11. [PMID: 20488346 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aimed at enhancing the resilience of high-risk adolescents with alcohol-dependent parents in Suwon, South Korea. The study used a randomized control group pretest and posttest design. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of CBT, and the scores on resilience increased significantly after the intervention, whereas the scores of self-concept and depression did not change. In the control group, none of the scores of outcome variables changed significantly after the intervention period. The results indicate that the developed CBT program might be effective for improving the resilience of adolescents with alcohol-dependent parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sun Hyun
- College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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[The promotion of resilience and protective factors in children of alcoholics and drug addicts]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010; 53:340-6. [PMID: 20300718 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-010-1035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Children from families of alcoholics and drug addicts are a high-risk group for developing a mental or substance-related disorder. The parental substance-related disorder can cause different effects on the physical, mental, and cognitive health of children in various stages of development, particularly internalizing and externalizing disorders. For the development of the mental health of these children, the promotion of resilience and protective factors play a crucial role. General and specific resilience and protective factors, which are relevant for prevention and intervention for children of alcoholics and substance users, are presented based on empirical studies. Resilience is commonly understood as a mental hardiness of children and adolescents to biological, mental, and psychosocial developmental risks. Important is the multilevel consideration of internal and external protective factors. In doing so, resilience is understood as a process that is subject to fluctuations over the course of life. The "stress-strain-coping-support" model is suitable for the theoretical concept of preventive measures for children of alcoholics and drug addicts.
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A study of relationship between suicidal ideas, depression, anxiety, resiliency, daily stresses and mental health among Tehran university students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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