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Brandt L, Anthonipillai NJ, López-Castro T, Melara R, Espinosa A. Substance use trajectories among urban college students: associations with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression before and during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1717-1726. [PMID: 35728099 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored substance use trajectories and associations with mental health among an ethnically/racially diverse college student sample before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We combined repeated cross-sections and panel data from a total of 3,247 college students assessed with an online survey in 2018, 2019, and in three waves in 2020. We estimated trends in substance use and their relation to mental health over the survey waves using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results revealed notable associations between 30-day substance use patterns, time of assessment, and psychological well-being. These findings suggest a complex interplay between access to substances, context of substance use, and mental health. We discuss several initiatives that have been launched in response to the results of this ongoing study. Such initiatives may serve as examples for expanding similar efforts to other commuter colleges to prevent further increases in mental health problems and risky substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brandt
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Teresa López-Castro
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Melara
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Espinosa
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Figueroa RA, Cortés PF, Miller C, Marín H, Gillibrand R, Hoeboer CM, Olff M. The effect of a single session of psychological first aid in the emergency department on PTSD and depressive symptoms three months post-intervention: results of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2364443. [PMID: 38949539 PMCID: PMC11218590 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2364443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite its popularity, evidence of the effectiveness of Psychological First Aid (PFA) is scarce.Objective: To assess whether PFA, compared to psychoeducation (PsyEd), an attention placebo control, reduces PTSD and depressive symptoms three months post-intervention.Methods: In two emergency departments, 166 recent-trauma adult survivors were randomised to a single session of PFA (n = 78) (active listening, breathing retraining, categorisation of needs, assisted referral to social networks, and PsyEd) or stand-alone PsyEd (n = 88). PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline (T0), one (T1), and three months post-intervention (T2) with the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C at T0 and PCL-S at T1/T2) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Self-reported side effects, post-trauma increased alcohol/substance consumption and interpersonal conflicts, and use of psychotropics, psychotherapy, sick leave, and complementary/alternative medicine were also explored.Results: 86 participants (51.81% of those randomised) dropped out at T2. A significant proportion of participants in the PsyEd group also received PFA components (i.e. contamination). From T0 to T2, we did not find a significant advantage of PFA in reducing PTSD (p = .148) or depressive symptoms (p = .201). However, we found a significant dose-response effect between the number of delivered components, session duration, and PTSD symptom reduction. No significant difference in self-reported adverse effects was found. At T2, a smaller proportion of participants assigned to PFA reported increased consumption of alcohol/substances (OR = 0.09, p = .003), interpersonal conflicts (OR = 0.27, p = .014), and having used psychotropics (OR = 0.23, p = .013) or sick leave (OR = 0.11, p = .047).Conclusions: Three months post-intervention, we did not find evidence that PFA outperforms PsyEd in reducing PTSD or depressive symptoms. Contamination may have affected our results. PFA, nonetheless, appears to be promising in modifying some post-trauma behaviours. Further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Andrés Figueroa
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Centre for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carolina Miller
- Pontificia Universidad de Chile School of Psychology, Santiago, Chile
| | - Humberto Marín
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Research Centre for Integrated Natural Disaster Management (Cigiden), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gillibrand
- Hospital Del Trabajador, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Providencia, Chile
| | - Chris Maria Hoeboer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Kuo SIC. Commentary on Tajima et al. (2024): Interplay between disaster-related experiences, stressors, and problem drinking. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1246-1249. [PMID: 38735881 PMCID: PMC11236521 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Lac A. Drinking to Cope With the COVID-19 Pandemic Mediates Pathways From COVID-19 Anxiety to Alcohol Use and Alcohol Myopia Consequences. J Dual Diagn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38742669 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2024.2343372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People may consume alcohol to cope with the stressors and anxieties of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study applied the self-medication hypothesis, tension reduction hypothesis, and alcohol myopia theory to understand COVID-19 alcohol coping as a mediator of the pathways from COVID-19 anxiety to alcohol use and alcohol consequences. METHODS Participants (N = 477) were undergraduate college students. The mean age was 22.14 (SD = 5.66) years. Gender distribution included 73% females, 26% males, and 1% transgender. Racial categories included 70% White, 11% Latino, 5% Black, 5% Asian, and 9% multiracial. They completed the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the COVID-19 Alcohol Coping Scale developed and validated in the present study, measures of drinking frequency and drinking quantity, and the Alcohol Myopia Scale to assess alcohol consequences. RESULTS First, confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement structure of the COVID-19 Alcohol Coping Scale. Second, a general structural equation model containing only latent factors provided evidence for the following pathways: COVID-19 anxiety to COVID-19 alcohol coping to overall alcohol use to alcohol myopia consequences. Third, a specific structural equation model separated the overall alcohol use factor into two measures of drinking frequency and drinking quantity. Results found that COVID-19 alcohol coping uniquely explained drinking frequency (but not drinking quantity), indicating that the pursuit of alcohol to cope with the pandemic was related to more frequent days of alcohol use but not more concentrated use on drinking days. Tests of indirect effects corroborated the mediational pathways in the explanatory models. CONCLUSIONS The research offers insights into understanding that the risk connections from COVID-19 anxiety to alcohol behavioral outcomes are mediated by alcohol use to cope with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Reed CH, Tystahl AC, Eo H, Buhr TJ, Bauer EE, Lee JH, Clark PJ, Valentine RJ. The Influence of Stress and Binge-Patterned Alcohol Drinking on Mouse Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis and Degradation Pathways. Biomolecules 2024; 14:527. [PMID: 38785934 PMCID: PMC11118922 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse experiences (e.g., acute stress) and alcohol misuse can both impair skeletal muscle homeostasis, resulting in reduced protein synthesis and greater protein breakdown. Exposure to acute stress is a significant risk factor for engaging in alcohol misuse. However, little is known about how these factors together might further affect skeletal muscle health. To that end, this study investigated the effects of acute stress exposure followed by a period of binge-patterned alcohol drinking on signaling factors along mouse skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and degradation (MPD) pathways. Young adult male C57BL/6J mice participated in the Drinking in the Dark paradigm, where they received 2-4 h of access to 20% ethanol (alcohol group) or water (control group) for four days to establish baseline drinking levels. Three days later, half of the mice in each group were either exposed to a single episode of uncontrollable tail shocks (acute stress) or remained undisturbed in their home cages (no stress). Three days after stress exposure, mice received 4 h of access to 20% ethanol (alcohol) to model binge-patterned alcohol drinking or water for ten consecutive days. Immediately following the final episode of alcohol access, mouse gastrocnemius muscle was extracted to measure changes in relative protein levels along the Akt-mTOR MPS, as well as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and autophagy MPD pathways via Western blotting. A single exposure to acute stress impaired Akt singling and reduced rates of MPS, independent of alcohol access. This observation was concurrent with a potent increase in heat shock protein seventy expression in the muscle of stressed mice. Alcohol drinking did not exacerbate stress-induced alterations in the MPS and MPD signaling pathways. Instead, changes in the MPS and MPD signaling factors due to alcohol access were primarily observed in non-stressed mice. Taken together, these data suggest that exposure to a stressor of sufficient intensity may cause prolonged disruptions to signaling factors that impact skeletal muscle health and function beyond what could be further induced by periods of alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter H Reed
- Department of Biology, Grand View University, Des Moines, IA 50316, USA;
| | - Anna C. Tystahl
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.C.T.)
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.C.T.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Trevor J. Buhr
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ella E. Bauer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ji Heun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (A.C.T.)
| | - Peter J. Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Rudenstine S, Schulder T, Bhatt KJ, Ettman CK, Galea S. Risk factors for increased alcohol consumption among young adults during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:487-492. [PMID: 35380924 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study explored correlates of increased alcohol use among a predominantly low-socioeconomic status student population at two time points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Participants were students enrolled in at least one course at a City University of New York (CUNY) campus. Methods: Demographic characteristics, stressor endorsements, probable diagnoses, and alcohol use endorsement, were collected via self-report surveys in April and July 2020. Frequencies and multivariable logistic regressions were computed to assess for prevalence and odds of increased alcohol consumption. Results: High cumulative stress was significantly related to increased alcohol use in both April and July 2020. A greater number of specific stressors was associated with increased alcohol use in April as compared to July. Probable diagnoses of depression and anxiety were associated with higher odds of alcohol consumption at both time points. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of stress and mental health on increases in alcohol use for public university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Rudenstine
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Talia Schulder
- Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Krish J Bhatt
- Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sato H, Eguchi E, Funakubo N, Nakano H, Imano H, Ohira T. Association Between Changes in Alcohol Consumption Before and After the Great East Japan Earthquake and Risk of Hypertension: A Study Using the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare National Database. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:607-617. [PMID: 36503902 PMCID: PMC10635811 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake has resulted in a nuclear accident, forcing residents of the surrounding areas to evacuate. To determine any association between excessive drinking and hypertension in the setting of disaster, we assessed whether the proportion of excessive drinkers increased and if post-disaster excessive drinking was a risk factor for hypertension. METHODS This retrospective study assessed data from the Japanese National Database. Cumulative population data for Fukushima Prefecture (3,497,576 people) were analyzed by categorizing residents into four areas-evacuation, coastal, central, and mountainous-to calculate the proportion of excessive, heavy (equivalent to binge drinking), and at-risk drinkers for 2008-2017. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of hypertension for 2012-2017 were examined in association with changes in drinking status pre- and post-disaster, which included 136,404 people who received specific health checkups pre-disaster (2008-2010) and post-disaster (2011-2012). RESULTS The proportion of excessive drinkers among women increased after the disaster in all areas examined. The association between excessive drinking and the incidence of hypertension was determined among men and women in all areas; it was stronger among women in the evacuation areas, with the sex- and age-adjusted HRs for the incidence of hypertension of 1.41 for pre-disaster excessive drinking, 2.34 for post-disaster excessive drinking, and 3.98 for pre- and post-disaster excessive drinking, compared with not excessive drinking pre- and post-disaster. CONCLUSION Excessive drinking post-disaster may be associated with an increased risk of hypertension among men and women, especially among women in the evacuation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sato
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Lawler T, Warren Andersen S, Trentham-Dietz A, Sethi AK, Tevaarwerk AJ, Malecki KMC, Litzelman K, Pophali PA, Gangnon RE, Hampton JM, Kwekkeboom K, LoConte NK. Change in alcohol consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic and associations with mental health and financial hardship: results from a survey of Wisconsin patients with cancer. J Cancer Surviv 2023:10.1007/s11764-023-01502-1. [PMID: 38017319 PMCID: PMC11130075 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol consumption increases health risks for patients with cancer. The Covid-19 pandemic may have affected drinking habits for these individuals. We surveyed patients with cancer to examine whether changes in drinking habits were related to mental health or financial effects of the pandemic. METHODS From October 2020 to April 2021, adult patients (age 18-80 years at diagnosis) treated for cancer in southcentral Wisconsin were invited to complete a survey. Age-adjusted percentages for history of anxiety or depression, emotional distress, and financial impacts of Covid-19 overall and by change in alcohol consumption (non-drinker, stable, decreased, or increased) were obtained via logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 1,875 patients were included in the analysis (median age 64, range 19-87 years), including 9% who increased and 23% who decreased drinking. Compared to stable drinkers (32% of sample), a higher proportion of participants who increased drinking alcohol also reported anxiety or depression (45% vs. 26%), moderate to severe emotional distress (61% vs. 37%) and viewing Covid-19 as a threat to their community (67% vs. 55%). Decreased (vs. stable) drinking was associated with higher prevalence of depression or anxiety diagnosis, emotional distress, and negative financial impacts of the pandemic. Compared to non-drinkers (36% of sample), participants who increased drinking were more likely to report emotional distress (61% vs. 48%). CONCLUSIONS Patients with cancer from Wisconsin who changed their alcohol consumption during the Covid-19 pandemic were more likely to report poor mental health including anxiety, depression, and emotional distress than persons whose alcohol consumption was stable. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Clinicians working with cancer survivors should be aware of the link between poor mental health and increased alcohol consumption and be prepared to offer guidance or referrals to counseling, as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ajay K Sethi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kristen M C Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristin Litzelman
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Priyanka A Pophali
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ronald E Gangnon
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John M Hampton
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristine Kwekkeboom
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Noelle K LoConte
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Blair LK, Howard J, Peiper NC, Little BB, Taylor KC, Baumgartner R, Creel L, DuPre NC. Residence in urban or rural counties in relation to opioid overdose mortality among Kentucky hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 119:104122. [PMID: 37473677 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the beginning of the opioid overdose epidemic, overdose mortality rates were higher in urban than in rural areas. We examined the association between residence in an urban or rural county and subsequent opioid overdose mortality in Kentucky, a state highly impacted by the opioid epidemic, and whether this was modified by the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We captured hospitalizations in Kentucky from 2016 to 2020, involving an opioid using ICD-10-CM codes T40.0-T40.4 and T40.6. Patient's county was classified as urban or rural based on the NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of opioid overdose mortality, adjusted for demographics, hospitalization severity, and zip code SES. We assessed effect modification by the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Overall, patients living in urban counties had 46% higher odds of opioid overdose death than patients residing in rural counties (adjusted OR=1.46; 95% CI=1.22, 1.74). Before the pandemic, patients in urban counties had 63% increased odds of opioid overdose death (adjusted OR=1.63; 95% CI=1.34, 1.97); however, during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients in urban and rural counties became more similar in regard to opioid overdose mortality (adjusted OR=0.72; 95% CI=0.45, 1.16; p-value for interaction =0.02). CONCLUSION Before the pandemic, living in urban counties was associated with higher opioid overdose mortality among Kentucky hospitalizations; however, during the COVID-19 pandemic, opioid overdose mortality in rural areas increased, approaching rates in urban areas. COVID-19 posed social, economic, and healthcare challenges that may be contributing to worsening mortality trends affecting both urban and rural patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey K Blair
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States; Lincoln Trail District Health Department, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Howard
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, United States; Louisville Metro Department for Public Health and Wellness, United States
| | - Nicholas C Peiper
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States
| | - Bert B Little
- Department of Health Management and System Sciences, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States
| | - Kira C Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States
| | - Richard Baumgartner
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States
| | - Liza Creel
- Department of Health Management and System Sciences, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States; Commonwealth Institute of Kentucky, United States
| | - Natalie C DuPre
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, United States
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Perrone D, Fischer R, Florek J. COVID-19-Related Shifts in Polysubstance Use. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1314-1323. [PMID: 37317983 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2181034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Big Events, such as economic crises and natural disasters, affect drug use patterns (e.g. Friedman & Rossi, 2015). The COVID-19 pandemic is a Big Event that led to lockdowns, travel restrictions, protocols on businesses, and rules for social engagements across the globe. Studies primarily in Europe and Oceania show that the pandemic impacted the type and amount of substances used (e.g. Winstock et al., 2020). Objectives: This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on substance use using a sample of 257 individuals across 36 states, who engage in polysubstance use. Results: The sample was recruited via DanceSafe, Inc.'s social media to complete an online survey (April-October 2020) about drug use during the pandemic. The mostly White, heterosexual sample used an average of seven different substances in the past 12 months. Slightly less than half reported increasing use since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with young adults and lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, or queer (LGBPQ) identifying individuals significantly more likely to do so. Relative to other substances, benzodiazepine use increased, and 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and psychedelic use decreased, while alcohol use stayed the same. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected those who are young adults, LGBPQ, and use drugs. Their unique needs during the pandemic warrant attention. The swap from leisure (e.g. MDMA) to anti-anxiety (e.g. Xanax) drugs is not surprising. Yet, the rise in novel benzodiazepines (Laing et al., 2021) is a point of concern that suggests drug checking and educational efforts can best reduce potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Perrone
- School of Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Emergency Management, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Ryan Fischer
- School of Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Emergency Management, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jianna Florek
- School of Criminology, Criminal Justice, and Emergency Management, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
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Swanson GR, Schwartz BA, Joyce C, Keshavarzian A. Binge drinking alcohol and circadian misalignment in night shift nurses is associated with decreased resiliency to COVID-19 infection. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023; 47:908-918. [PMID: 37526580 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and other first responders are at high risk of exposure to the SARS-CoV2 virus, and many have developed severe COVID-19 infection. A better understanding of the factors that increase the risk of infection after exposure to the virus could help to address this. Although several risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have been associated with an increased risk of infection, many first responders develop severe COVID-19 without established risk factors. As inflammation and cytokine storm are the primary mechanisms in severe COVID-19, other factors that promote an inflammatory state could increase the risk of COVID-19 in exposed individuals. Alcohol misuse and shift work with subsequent misaligned circadian rhythms are known to promote a pro-inflammatory state and thus could increase susceptibility to COVID-19. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional observational survey-based study in nurses using the American Nursing Association network. METHOD We used validated structured questionnaires to assess alcohol consumption (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and circadian typology or chronotype (the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire Shift -MCTQ-Shift). RESULTS By latent class analysis (LCA), high-risk features of alcohol misuse were associated with a later chronotype, and binge drinking was greater in night shift workers. The night shift was associated with more than double the odds of COVID-19 infection of the standard shift (OR 2.67, 95% CI: 1.18 to 6.07). Binge drinkers had twice the odds of COVID-19 infection of those with low-risk features by LCA (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 0.75 to 5.79). CONCLUSION Working night shifts or binge drinking may be risk factors for COVID-19 infection among nurses. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these risk factors could help to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on our at-risk healthcare workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth R Swanson
- Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin A Schwartz
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Heradstveit O, Hysing M, Breivik K, Skogen JC, Askeland KG. Negative Life Events, Protective Factors, and Substance-Related Problems: A Study of Resilience in Adolescence. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:471-480. [PMID: 36710631 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2161319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is compelling evidence for an association between negative life events (NLE) and substance-related problems (SRP) during adolescence. The literature is, however, still limited with regards to protective factors for SRP among adolescents exposed to NLE. METHODS A large population-based survey including 9,611 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19 years, comprised the dataset of this study. The main explanatory variable was NLE. The main outcome variable was SRP, assessed by the CRAFFT scale. Potential protective factors were measured with five subscales from the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) questionnaire. The potential protective factors and sex were explored as moderators for the associations between NLE and SRP. RESULTS NLE were strongly associated with SRP. Four out of five potential protective factors (i.e., Goal Orientation, Self-confidence, Family Cohesion, and Social Support) showed evidence of a protective-stabilizing effect. Even if they had protective effect across all levels of exposure to NLE, these effects were even stronger for adolescents with high exposure. For Family Cohesion a protective-stabilizing effect was only evident for boys, while a direct protective effect was found for girls. Finally, Social Competence was the only factor that did not show any evidence of promoting resilience toward SRP. CONCLUSIONS NLE had a strong relation with SRP in this study. Protective factors buffered against SRP for all adolescents - but particularly so for adolescents who had high exposure to NLE. These findings highlight the need for preventive efforts to strengthen protective factors that may promote resilience among adolescents at risk for SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ove Heradstveit
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kyrre Breivik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Konno Y, Okawara M, Hino A, Nagata T, Muramatsu K, Tateishi S, Tsuji M, Ogami A, Yoshimura R, Fujino Y. Association of alcohol consumption and frequency with loneliness: A cross-sectional study among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11933. [PMID: 36510560 PMCID: PMC9729165 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are increasing concerns that prevention measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) such as social distancing and telework are leading to loneliness and poor lifestyle habits like increased alcohol consumption. The purpose of this study was to assess whether loneliness reported among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with changes in alcohol consumption. Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional, online survey of 27,036 workers between December 22 and 26, 2020. A questionnaire was used to assess loneliness, usual alcohol consumption and whether that consumption had changed. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 2831 (10.5%) workers indicated they had increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic. Increased alcohol consumption was significantly associated with loneliness (OR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.70-2.21). This association held true for those who indicated they drank two or more days per week (OR = 1.98 95%CI 1.71-2.30) and those who drank less than one day per week (OR = 1.51 95%CI 0.71-3.25). In contrast, there was no association between increased alcohol consumption and loneliness among those who indicated they hardly ever drank (OR = 1.22 95%CI 0.55-2.72). Conclusions Among those drinking more than once a week, increased alcohol consumption is associated with loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Konno
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Makoto Okawara
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keiji Muramatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan,Corresponding author
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14
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González-Roz A, Haik AK, Rahman L, Todi AA, Kane C, Walji A, Dickerman SR, Scarfe M, Levitt EE, Belisario K, Kelly JF, MacKillop J. Impacts of the COVID-19 public health restrictions on substance use, mental health, and psychosocial functioning among individuals with alcohol use disorder. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:712-723. [PMID: 36417589 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2134021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with major psychosocial disruptions and there is particular concern for individuals with substance use disorders.Objectives: This study characterized the psychosocial and experiential impacts of the pandemic on individuals seeking alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery, including pandemic impacts on self-reported drinking, heavy drinking, tobacco, cannabis, and stimulant use.Methods: Participants were 125 AUD+ individuals (% males: 57.60; Mage = 49.11, SD = 12.13) reporting on substance use from January 1st-24th March, 2020 (pre-pandemic) and since the stay-at-home orders commenced, 24th March-June 28th 2020 (intra-pandemic). Within-subjects changes were examined and a latent profile analysis was performed to identify subgroups differentially impacted by the pandemic.Results: Large proportions reported psychosocial impacts of COVID-19, but drinking and other substance use did not reveal significant changes. Latent profile analyses revealed two subgroups: Profile 1 (n = 41/125), "Moderately Impacted") and Profile 2 (n = 84/125), "Severely Impacted"). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the group that was moderately impacted by the pandemic exhibited significantly fewer heavy drinking days (p = .02) during the intra-pandemic period, but no other substance use changes. The group showing severe pandemic impacts did not exhibit changes in alcohol or other drug use but evidenced more severe anxiety and depression (ps < .001).Conclusions: We found heterogeneous subtypes of pandemic-related impacts in AUD recovery patients. There is need to provide psychosocial support to this particular population and further monitoring substance use and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba González-Roz
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda K Haik
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liah Rahman
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akshiti A Todi
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Kane
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyna Walji
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah R Dickerman
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Scarfe
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily E Levitt
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyla Belisario
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Kelly
- Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Swanson GR, Bishehsari F, Shaikh M, Zhang L, Engen P, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 severity: A narrative review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1930-1943. [PMID: 36394508 PMCID: PMC9722573 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Dec. 2019-January 2020, a pneumonia illness originating in Wuhan, China, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was shown to be caused by a novel RNA coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). People with advanced age, male sex, and/or underlying health conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease) are especially vulnerable to severe COVID-19 symptoms and death. These risk factors impact the immune system and are also associated with poor health, chronic illness, and shortened longevity. However, a large percent of patients without these known risk factors also develops severe COVID-19 disease that can result in death. Thus, there must exist risk factors that promote exaggerated inflammatory and immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to death. One such risk factor may be alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder because these can exacerbate viral lung infections like SARS, influenza, and pneumonia. Thus, it is highly plausible that alcohol misuse is a risk factor for either increased infection rate when individuals are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or more severe COVID-19 in infected patients. Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for lung diseases and ARDS in SARS patients. We propose that alcohol has three key pathogenic elements in common with other COVID-19 severity risk factors: namely, inflammatory microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also propose that these three elements represent targets for therapy for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Garth R. Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phillip Engen
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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16
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Hicks TA, Bountress KE, Resnick HS, Ruggiero KJ, Amstadter AB. Caregiver support buffers posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following a natural disaster in relation to binge drinking. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2022; 14:1142-1148. [PMID: 32134287 PMCID: PMC7534177 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigate if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the effects of disaster severity or prior trauma on binge drinking following disaster exposure and test if support from caregiver moderates the relation between disaster severity and PTSD symptoms as well as prior trauma and PTSD symptoms. METHOD A population-based clinical trial used address-based sampling to enroll 1,804 adolescents and parents from communities affected by tornadoes in Missouri and Alabama. Data collection via baseline (averaging 8 months postdisaster), 4-month postbaseline, and 12-month postbaseline semistructured telephone interviews was completed between September 2011 and August 2013. Longitudinal analyses, testing the indirect effects of disaster severity and prior traumatic events on alcohol use through PTSD symptoms, as potentially moderated by support from caregiver, were conducted. RESULTS PTSD symptoms mediated the effect of prior trauma, but not disaster severity, on binge drinking. Specifically, those with more prior traumas reported more PTSD symptoms, which in turn increased risk for binge drinking. Support from caregiver moderated the effect of disaster severity, but not prior trauma, on PTSD symptoms. Specifically, the effect of disaster severity on PTSD symptoms was significant for adolescents with average or below-average caregiver support. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that PTSD symptomatology is one mechanism by which prior trauma can impact binge drinking among adolescents following exposure to a natural disaster. Caregiver support can serve as a buffer for reducing PTSD symptomatology related to the severity of a natural disaster, which can decrease the likelihood of adolescent binge drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrell A Hicks
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Kaitlin E Bountress
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
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17
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Scarlett H, Melchior M, Davisse-Paturet C, Aarbaoui TE, Longchamps C, Figueiredo N, Ducarroz S. Substance Use Among Residents of Homeless Shelters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From France. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604684. [PMID: 36090832 PMCID: PMC9452639 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To record the prevalence and risk factors of substance use amongst homeless persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The ECHO study consisted in two independent cross-sectional waves of data collection in the regions of Paris, Lyon, and Strasbourg during the Spring of 2020 (n = 530) and 2021 (n = 319). Factors associated with substance use were explored using generalised logistic regression models. Results: The most prevalent substance used was tobacco (38%–43%), followed by alcohol (26%–34%). The use of both substances positively associated with each other, although risk factors varied depending on the substance. The only factors consistently associated with alcohol and tobacco use were being male, exposure to theft/assault and participants’ region of origin. Whilst the rate of tobacco use was relatively stable between Spring 2020 and 2021, alcohol use was more common in 2021. Conclusion: These findings highlight a high prevalence of substance use amongst homeless persons. People experiencing homelessness face specific challenges in the context of the pandemic, alongside greater vulnerability to illness and low healthcare access, therefore the need to improve prevention and support services for substance abuse within this population is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor Scarlett
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Honor Scarlett, ; Simon Ducarroz,
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- CNRS, Institut Convergences Migration, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Camille Davisse-Paturet
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik El. Aarbaoui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Longchamps
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Natasha Figueiredo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Simon Ducarroz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- CNRS, Institut Convergences Migration, Aubervilliers, France
- *Correspondence: Honor Scarlett, ; Simon Ducarroz,
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18
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Chevance G, Fresán U, Hekler E, Edmondson D, Lloyd SJ, Ballester J, Litt J, Cvijanovic I, Araújo-Soares V, Bernard P. Thinking Health-related Behaviors in a Climate Change Context: A Narrative Review. Ann Behav Med 2022; 57:193-204. [PMID: 35861123 PMCID: PMC10074036 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human activities have changed the environment so profoundly over the past two centuries that human-induced climate change is now posing serious health-related threats to current and future generations. Rapid action from all scientific fields, including behavioral medicine, is needed to contribute to both mitigation of, and adaption to, climate change. PURPOSE This article aims to identify potential bi-directional associations between climate change impacts and health-related behaviors, as well as a set of key actions for the behavioral medicine community. METHODS We synthesized the existing literature about (i) the impacts of rising temperatures, extreme weather events, air pollution, and rising sea level on individual behaviors (e.g., eating behaviors, physical activity, sleep, substance use, and preventive care) as well as the structural factors related to these behaviors (e.g., the food system); and (ii) the concurrent positive and negative roles that health-related behaviors can play in mitigation and adaptation to climate change. RESULTS Based on this literature review, we propose a first conceptual model of climate change and health-related behavior feedback loops. Key actions are proposed, with particular consideration for health equity implications of future behavioral interventions. Actions to bridge the fields of behavioral medicine and climate sciences are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS We contend that climate change is among the most urgent issues facing all scientists and should become a central priority for the behavioral medicine community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Hekler
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, Qualcomm Institute, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald Edmondson
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jill Litt
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Vera Araújo-Soares
- Health Technology & Services Research, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Hamilton HR, Armeli S, Tennen H. Coping with COVID: COVID-19 experiences and drinking to cope. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2077255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Hamilton
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephen Armeli
- School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, New Jersey, USA
| | - Howard Tennen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Morishima R, Usami S, Ando S, Kiyono T, Morita M, Fujikawa S, Araki T, Kasai K. Trajectory and course of problematic alcohol use after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Eight-year follow-up of the Higashi-Matsushima cohort study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:570-580. [PMID: 35102561 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic alcohol use (PAU) after natural disasters is an unignorable public health issue. However, the long-term trajectory and course of PAU after an earthquake disaster remain unknown. METHODS The Higashi-Matsushima cohort study was conducted between 2012 (time 1) and 2019 (time 8) in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. In the annual health checks, participants responded to self-report questionnaires on PAU, traumatic experiences (e.g., house damage), resources (e.g., social support), and other covariates (e.g., gender, psychological distress). The trajectory and course of PAU were estimated by latent growth model and latent class analyses. Risk factors for the long-term course of PAU were calculated by multinomial logistic regression analysis with multiple imputation. The analytical sample comprised 8929 residents who participated in at least one survey across the eight time points. RESULTS The trajectory of PAU showed a sustained trend (slope <0.001). Three potential courses of PAU (No PAU course: 84.3%, Subthreshold PAU course: 12.4%, and Persistent PAU course: 3.4%) were estimated. The long-term course of PAU, especially the persistent PAU course, was predicted by house damage (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.92), less social support (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.96), gender (male) (OR = 16.86, 95% CI 9.42 to 30.20), and psychological distress (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.20). CONCLUSIONS Long-term support is needed after an earthquake disaster, especially for residents who in early phases of the disaster suffer from PAU, males, and those in vulnerable situations resulting from conditions such as severe house damage, low social support, or high psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Morishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Health Care Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kiyono
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
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21
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An Association Between Psychological Childbirth Trauma and Hazardous Alcohol Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hazardous alcohol use is increasing amongst some groups of women, yet little is known about the underlying reasons or gender-specific influences. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychological childbirth trauma and women’s hazardous alcohol use. We aimed to identify predictors of hazardous alcohol use given childbirth-related trauma, other life trauma (combat, natural disasters, physical or sexual assault, experiences threatening loss of life or loss of loved ones) and coping motives for drinking, whilst controlling for age, socio-economic status, negative affect and other drinking motives (enhancement and social motives). Australian data from the Why Women Drink survey (N = 301) was analysed. Women who experienced childbirth as traumatic scored higher overall for hazardous drinking and endorsed coping reasons more strongly than those who did not. Analyses of individual differences affecting hazardous drinking revealed coping reasons, rather than trauma itself, as the strongest predictor in a regression model. Other significant predictors included socio-economic status, enhancement of positive emotions and, marginally, negative affect. Findings identified a link between traumatic childbirth and hazardous drinking as a coping strategy. Prospective research is required to characterise predisposing and perpetuating vulnerabilities determining maladaptive coping after traumatic childbirth, and to inform effective interventions.
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22
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Flam-Ross JM, Lown J, Patil P, White LF, Wang J, Perry A, Bailer D, McKenzie M, Thigpen A, Newman R, Lincoln M, Mckinney T, Bernson D, Barocas JA. Factors associated with opioid-involved overdose among previously incarcerated people in the U.S.: A community engaged narrative review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 100:103534. [PMID: 34896932 PMCID: PMC8810696 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with a history of incarceration are at high risk for opioid overdose. A variety of factors contribute to this elevated risk though our understanding of these factors is deficient. Research to identify risk and protective factors for overdose is often conducted using administrative data or researcher-derived surveys and without explicit input from people with lived experience. We aimed to understand the scope of U.S. research on factors associated with opioid overdose among previously incarcerated people. We did this by conducting a narrative review of the literature and convening expert panels of people with lived experience. We then categorized these factors using a social determinants of health framework to help contextualize our findings. METHODS We first conducted a narrative review of the published literature. A search was performed using PubMed and APA PsycInfo. We then convened two expert panels consisting of people with lived experience and people who work with people who were previously incarcerated. Experts were asked to evaluate the literature derived factors for completeness and add factors that were not identified. Finally, we categorized factors as either intermediary or structural according to the World Health Organization's Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Framework. RESULTS We identified 13 papers that met our inclusion criteria for the narrative review. Within these 13 papers, we identified 22 relevant factors for their role in the relationship between overdose and people with a history of incarceration, 16 were risk factors and six were protective factors. Five of these were structural factors (three risk and two protective) and 17 were intermediary factors (13 risk and four protective). The expert panels identified 21 additional factors, 10 of which were structural (six risk and four protective) and 11 of which were intermediary (eight risk and three protective). CONCLUSION This narrative review along with expert panels demonstrates a gap in the published literature regarding factors associated with overdose among people who were previously incarcerated. Additionally, this review highlights a substantial gap with regard to the types of factors that are typically identified. Incorporating voices of people with lived experience is crucial to our understanding of overdose in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josh Lown
- Boston College School of Social Work (BCSSW)
| | - Prasad Patil
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Laura F. White
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Jianing Wang
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meko Lincoln
- Rhode Island Hospital COBRE on Opioids and Overdose
| | | | | | - Joshua A. Barocas
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases,Corresponding author: Joshua A. Barocas, MD, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 8th Floor, Academic Office 1, Mailstop B180, 12631 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, +1-314-348-3278,
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23
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Aponte-Melendez Y, Mateu-Gelabert P, Fong C, Eckhardt B, Kapadia S, Marks K. The impact of COVID-19 on people who inject drugs in New York City: increased risk and decreased access to services. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:118. [PMID: 34819070 PMCID: PMC8611635 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While people who inject drugs (PWID) are vulnerable to the adverse outcomes of events like COVID-19, little is known regarding the impact of the current pandemic on PWID. We examine how COVID-19 has affected PWID in New York City across four domains: substance use, risk behaviors, mental health, and service utilization. Methods As part of a randomized trial to improve access to HCV treatment for PWID, we recruited 165 participants. Eligibility criteria included detectable HCV RNA and recent drug injection. The present cross-sectional analysis is based on a subsample of 106 participants. We compared responses between two separate samples: 60 participants interviewed prior to the pandemic (pre-COVID-19 sample) and 46 participants interviewed during the pandemic (COVID-19 sample). We also assessed differences by study group [accessible care (AC) and usual care (UC)]. Results Compared to the pre-COVID-19 sample, those interviewed during COVID-19 reported higher levels of mental health issues, syringe reuse, and alcohol consumption and greater reductions in syringe-service programs and buprenorphine utilization. In the analysis conducted by study group, the UC group reported significantly higher injection risk behaviors and lower access to buprenorphine treatment during COVID-19, while during the same period, the AC group reported lower levels of substance use and injection risk behaviors. Conclusion The current study provides insight on how COVID-19 has negatively affected PWID. Placing dispensing machines of harm-reduction supplies in communities where PWID live and increasing secondary exchange, mobile services, and mail delivery of supplies may help maintain access to lifesaving supplies during big events, such as COVID-19. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03214679. Registered July 11 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03214679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Aponte-Melendez
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA. .,NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 380 Second Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Pedro Mateu-Gelabert
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chunki Fong
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Shashi Kapadia
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Ave 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Kristen Marks
- Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Ave 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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24
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Noel NE, van Swearingen KM, Urch MA, Crews FS, Espinosa-Hernandez G, McCool MW, Jackson LA. Alcohol and other substance use by faculty, staff, and students in a university community during two hurricanes: Lessons for preventing risky misuse. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:1554-1567. [PMID: 34081796 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Communities commonly warn against heavy alcohol and other substance use during natural disasters like hurricanes, because such use may produce risk for individuals and communities, with studies showing deleterious effects persisting months or even years. Examining patterns and emotional correlates of use in the immediate presence of hurricanes may identify useful risk prevention targets. We assessed self-reported substance use and emotions in a university community (faculty, staff, and students) having the unlucky fate of experiencing hurricanes in early September 2 years in a row. Participants (403 in 2018, 76.0% female; M age 28.82; SD = 12.36 and 292 in 2019, 72.6% female; M age 30.63; SD = 13.96) reported typical weekly substance use and emotions and then the same data during each hurricane day. Results showed elevated use of alcohol, caffeine and tobacco before and during each hurricane, but a rapid drop-off of alcohol and caffeine (but not tobacco) use immediately after-although anxiety remained high. Findings are interpreted using both tension-reduction and stress-coping models and suggestions are made for future risk mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen M van Swearingen
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa A Urch
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Faith S Crews
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Matison W McCool
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lee A Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Haydon KC, Salvatore JE. A Prospective Study of Mental Health, Well-Being, and Substance Use During the Initial COVID-19 Pandemic Surge. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 10:58-73. [PMID: 35174007 PMCID: PMC8845503 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211013499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered everyday life worldwide, and some individuals may be at increased risk for pandemic-related distress. In a U.S. community sample (N = 236, 64% female; 78% White; M age = 30.3) assessed prior to COVID-19 and during the initial surge, we examined, prospectively, whether pandemic disruptions and a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with changes in depressive symptoms, stress, sleep, relationship satisfaction, and substance use over time, and with concurrent anxiety and peritraumatic distress. Negative pandemic-related events were associated with significantly higher depressive symptoms and stress and lower satisfaction over time, as well as higher concurrent anxiety and peritraumatic distress. ACEs were associated with more negative pandemic-related events, which in turn associated with higher peri-pandemic depressive symptoms, stress, anxiety, and peritraumatic distress. Findings underscore that COVID-19 disruptions are associated with greater distress, and that childhood trauma is a key axis of differential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics
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26
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Increased alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: The effect of mental health and age in a cross-sectional sample of social media users in the U.S. Prev Med 2021; 145:106422. [PMID: 33422577 PMCID: PMC9063034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a public health crisis of unprecedented scale. Increased alcohol use has been extensively documented during other crises, particularly among persons with anxiety and depression. Despite COVID-19's differential impact by age, the association of age, mental health and alcohol use during the pandemic has not been explored. This study aimed to examine whether age modified the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two online surveys were administered to U.S. adult social media users in March and April 2020. Generalized linear models were conducted in 2020 among 5850 respondents (52.9% female; 22.0% aged 18-39 years, 47.0% aged 40-59 years, and 31.0% aged ≥60 years) to examine if age modified the association of anxiety and depression symptomatology and alcohol use. Overall, 29% of respondents reported increased alcohol use. Adjusted odds ratios of reporting increased alcohol use were 1.41 (95% CI = 1.20-1.66) among respondents with anxiety symptoms and 1.64 (95% CI = 1.21-2.23) among those with depressive symptoms compared to those without such symptoms. Whereas respondents aged 18-39 years had the highest probability of reporting increased alcohol use, the probability of older persons (40-59 and ≥60 years) reporting increased drinking was much greater among those with symptoms of anxiety and depression, compared to those without symptoms. These findings warrant age-differentiated public health messaging on the risks of excessive alcohol use and scale-up of substance use services for middle-aged and older adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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27
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Waddell SL, Jayaweera DT, Mirsaeidi M, Beier JC, Kumar N. Perspectives on the Health Effects of Hurricanes: A Review and Challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2756. [PMID: 33803162 PMCID: PMC7967478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hurricanes are devastating natural disasters which dramatically modify the physical landscape and alter the socio-physical and biochemical characteristics of the environment, thus exposing the affected communities to new environmental stressors, which persist for weeks to months after the hurricane. This paper has three aims. First, it conceptualizes potential direct and indirect health effects of hurricanes and provides an overview of factors that exacerbate the health effects of hurricanes. Second, it summarizes the literature on the health impact of hurricanes. Finally, it examines the time lag between the hurricane (landfall) and the occurrence of diseases. Two major findings emerge from this paper. Hurricanes are shown to cause and exacerbate multiple diseases, and most adverse health impacts peak within six months following hurricanes. However, chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and mental disorders, continue to occur for years following the hurricane impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - John C. Beier
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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28
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McKetta S, Morrison CN, Keyes KM. Trends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:773-783. [PMID: 33587290 PMCID: PMC8014717 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic created disruptions and stressors which may have influenced alcohol consumption frequency trends. Varying COVID‐19 health burden and alcohol policies may have contributed to different consumption trends between states. The aim of this study is to assess trends in alcohol consumption and moderation by state of residence. Methods We examined trends in adult drinking days, during the first wave of the pandemic (March 10 to June 8) using longitudinal data from the Understanding America Study (N = 6,172 unique participants; N = 28,059 observations). Because state mandates were responsive to disease burden, we modeled the interaction of time by COVID‐19 burden, defined as whether the state had the median (or higher) daily incidence of COVID‐19 cases on the survey date, and state random effects. We controlled for individual sociodemographics, perceived personal/familial COVID‐19 burden, mental health symptomology, and risk avoidance. Results Drinking days increased throughout the duration (incidence risk ratio [IRR] for drinking per increase in one calendar day = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001, 1.004); trends were heterogeneous by disease burden, with individuals living in states with lower COVID‐19 burden increasing (IRR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003, 1.007) faster than those living in states with higher COVID‐19 burden (IRR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.998, 1.002). Trends were heterogeneous between states, but there was no evidence of systematic geographic clustering of state trends. Conclusions Drinking days increased during the first months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly among residents of states with lower disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McKetta
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher N Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Attonito J, Villalba K, Fontal S. Priorities for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment and Prevention During COVID-19's Second Wave. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:359-362. [PMID: 33566664 PMCID: PMC7893334 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.306070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Attonito
- Jennifer Attonito is with Health Administration Programs, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton. Karina Villalba and Shelley Fontal are with Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Karina Villalba
- Jennifer Attonito is with Health Administration Programs, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton. Karina Villalba and Shelley Fontal are with Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | - Shelley Fontal
- Jennifer Attonito is with Health Administration Programs, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton. Karina Villalba and Shelley Fontal are with Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando
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30
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How do medical and non-medical use of z-drugs relate to psychological distress and the use of other depressant drugs? Addict Behav 2021; 112:106606. [PMID: 32818728 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Z-drugs are hypnotic drugs used for insomnia with considerable potential of abuse. We investigated the relationship of past-year medical and non-medical use of z-drugs with past-year: i) psychological distress; ii) medical use, non-medical use, and DSM-IV use disorder of Benzodiazepine (BZD) tranquilizers; iii) use and DSM-IV alcohol and marijuana use disorders, recreational drugs with a depressant effect on the central nervous system. METHODS Data came from the 2015-2017 NSDUH (n = 128,740). Participants aged 18+ were asked if they had used any Z-Drug medically or non-medically in the past year. We investigated the associations between the three-level z-drugs variable with psychological distress and BZD, alcohol, and marijuana variables in multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Past-year prevalences of z-drug use were 3.3% for medical and 0.5% for non-medical use. Medical and non-medical users of z-drugs had higher risk of psychological distress, compared to non-users. Medical and non-medical users of z-drugs had higher risk of medical use, non-medical use, and BZD use disorders. Compared to non-users of z-drugs, medical users had higher risk of marijuana and alcohol use and alcohol use disorders, while non-medical users had higher risk of marijuana use and marijuana use disorders and alcohol. CONCLUSION Z-drug users have elevated risk of use and dependence of BZDs and recreational drugs, possibly due to concurrent prescribing and self-medication.
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31
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Yagi A, Maeda M, Suzuki Y, Yabe H, Yasumura S, Niwa S, Ohira T, Ohtsuru A, Mashiko H, Harigane M, Nakano H, Abe M. Changes in drinking behavior among evacuees after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident:the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Fukushima J Med Sci 2020; 66:133-142. [PMID: 32981903 PMCID: PMC7790465 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2019-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic experiences and disordered sleep are strongly associated with drinking problems. We examined the effects of experiencing the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent nuclear power plant accident, and of sleep problems, on behavioral changes observed in non-drinkers. Methods This study examined cross-sectional data from the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey conducted among residents in restricted areas of Fukushima in 2012. Participants were 21,454 evacuees aged 20 years or older at the time of disaster. People who did not drink before the disaster but became drinkers afterwards were compared with the rest of the cohort. We analyzed the association between behavioral changes in non-drinkers and potentially predictive variables, using logistic regression. Results The behavioral change of non-drinkers becoming drinkers (n=2,148) was significantly related to being male (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.74-2.15), being younger (21-49 yrs, OR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.60-2.13), having less educational attainment (up to high school graduate, OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.09-1.35), smoking (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.38), losing family or relatives (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.37), change in employment (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.32), having severe sleep problems as measured by a Japanese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (3-8, OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.30-1.62), and severity of traumatic symptoms as measured by the PTSD Checklist Stressor-Specific (PCL-S) score (<44, OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.17–1.51). Conclusion Having sleep problems and having more severe traumatic symptoms are significantly related to non-drinkers becoming drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yagi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Mental Health Policy, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hirobumi Mashiko
- Department of Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.,Fukushima Support Center for Developmental Disability
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University.,Prefectural Hospital Bureau
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32
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Garcia LP, Sanchez ZM. Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: a necessary reflection for confronting the situation. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00124520. [PMID: 33111838 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00124520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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33
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Neill E, Meyer D, Toh WL, van Rheenen TE, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, Rossell SL. Alcohol use in Australia during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:542-549. [PMID: 32602150 PMCID: PMC7436134 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effects of social isolation measures used to control the spread of COVID-19 are negatively impacting the mental health of many. One of the consequences of exposure to disasters/pandemics is an increase in alcohol use. The current study aimed to examine what predisposing (distal) and pandemic-related (proximal) factors were associated with increased drinking in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS On 1 April 2020, 5158 Australians completed a survey from the COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy (COLLATE) project, a nationwide study aimed at tracking key mental health concerns. Using logistic regression, distal (demographics and previous drinking behaviors) and proximal (employment, lifestyle factors, and mood) factors were assessed for their association with increased drinking since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Distal factors, including heavier drinking pre-pandemic, middle age, and average or higher income, and proximal factors, including job loss, eating more, changes to sleep as well as stress and depression, were all associated with increased drinking in the COVID-19 pandemic environment. Female sex and self-reported history of mental illness became nonsignificant after proximal measures were added to the model. Living alone, exercise, anxiety, and status as an essential or health-care worker were not associated with increased drinking. CONCLUSION These results provide guidance as to who might be targeted to receive support based on predisposing demographic factors and pre-pandemic drinking behavior. Second, they indicate what behaviors/factors accompany increased alcohol use and provide targets for psychosocial and psychoeducational supports to address these proximal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Neill
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Lin Toh
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn Elizabeth van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Phillipou
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric Josiah Tan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Lee Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mental Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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34
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Avery AR, Tsang S, Seto EYW, Duncan GE. Stress, Anxiety, and Change in Alcohol Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings Among Adult Twin Pairs. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:571084. [PMID: 33088277 PMCID: PMC7544945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.571084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has impacted the lives of people worldwide since being declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Social restrictions aimed at flattening the curve may be associated with an increase in stress and anxiety, which may increase the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism. The objective of this study was to examine if stress and anxiety were associated with changes in alcohol use in a sample of adult twins. Twins allowed us to control for genetic and shared environmental factors that would confound the alcohol - mental health relationship. Twins (N = 3,971; 909 same-sex pairs) from the Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR) completed an online survey examining several health-related behaviors and outcomes and their self-reported changes due to COVID-19. About 14% of the respondents reported an increase in alcohol use. We found an association between both stress and anxiety and increased alcohol use, where twins with higher levels of stress and anxiety were more likely to report an increase in alcohol consumption. The associations were small and confounded by between-family factors and demographic characteristics. However, there was no significant difference in stress or anxiety levels between non-drinkers and those who reported no change in alcohol use. Our findings suggest that individuals' mental health may be associated with changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ally R. Avery
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Siny Tsang
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Edmund Y. W. Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Glen E. Duncan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Spagnolo PA, Montemitro C, Leggio L. New Challenges in Addiction Medicine: COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders-The Perfect Storm. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:805-807. [PMID: 32660296 PMCID: PMC9366241 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20040417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Locke S, Nguyen AM, Friedman L, Gargano LM. Change in binge drinking behavior after Hurricane Sandy among persons exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center disaster. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101144. [PMID: 32728523 PMCID: PMC7381690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
4.7% participants were new binge drinkers after Hurricane Sandy. Persons with high Sandy exposure were more likely to be new/consistent binge drinkers. Among persons without 9/11 PTSD, Sandy PTSD was associated with new binge drinking. High Sandy exposure, and Sandy PTSD were associated with higher binge intensity after Sandy. Response to future disasters should address alcohol use and PTSD simultaneously.
The objective of this study was to examine changes in drinking behavior after Hurricane Sandy among 3199 World Trade Center Health Registry (Registry) enrollees before (2011–12) and after Hurricane Sandy (2015–16). A composite Sandy exposure scale (none, low, medium and high) included Sandy traumatic experiences, financial and other factors. Probable Sandy-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was defined as scoring ≥44 on PTSD Checklist, and binge drinking as consuming ≥5 alcoholic drinks for men or ≥4 for women on one occasion in the past 30 days. Some of the enrollees reported binge drinking post Sandy as new binge drinkers (4.7%) or consistent binge drinkers pre- and post-Sandy (19%). Compared with non-binge drinkers pre- and post-Sandy (66.9%), the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for being new binge drinkers and consistent binge drinkers among high Sandy exposure enrollees were 2.1 (95%CI 1.1–4.1) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.7–3.6), respectively. High Sandy traumatic experience alone was associated with consistent binge drinking (aOR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.4–2.6). Among enrollees without 9/11 PTSD, those with Sandy PTSD were more likely to become new binge drinkers (aOR: 4.4, 95%CI: 1.4–13.9), while Sandy PTSD was not associated with any binge drinking behavior changes among those with 9/11 PTSD. Sandy exposure, Sandy traumatic experience, and Sandy PTSD were all associated with higher binge drinking intensity. Future natural disaster response should plan for treatment to address alcohol use and PTSD simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Locke
- World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013 USA
| | - Angela-Maithy Nguyen
- World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013 USA
| | - Liza Friedman
- World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013 USA
| | - Lisa M Gargano
- World Trade Center Health Registry, Division of Epidemiology, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013 USA
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The Intentional Self-Medication of 9/11-Related PTSD Symptoms with Alcohol: 15 Years after the Disaster. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155327. [PMID: 32722103 PMCID: PMC7432702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The self-medication hypothesis may explain the co-morbidity of affective and substance use disorders. Research shows increased prevalence, frequency, and intensity of binge drinking and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among those directly exposed to the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC), however, little is known about PTSD symptomology and intentional self-medication with alcohol (ISMA) among this group. We used WTC Health Registry data (N = 28,935) to describe the relationship between ISMA and specific symptom clusters of probable 9/11-related PTSD, the number of PTSD symptom clusters endorsed, and binge drinking intensity. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). ISMA was most strongly associated with the hyperarousal PTSD symptom cluster (AOR = 2.04 [1.88, 2.21]) and the endorsement of one (AOR = 1.80 CI [1.65, 1.95]), two (AOR = 2.51 CI [2.28, 2.77]), or three (AOR = 2.84 CI [2.55, 3.17]) PTSD symptom clusters, indicating a clear dose–response relationship. A significant number of 9/11-exposed persons continue to experience PTSD symptoms and engage in ISMA as a potential coping mechanism. Repeated screenings for self-medicative alcohol use among survivors of mass traumas with PTSD symptoms is of public health importance.
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Preparing Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury for Catastrophic Hurricanes in the Time of Climate Change. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 35:439-442. [DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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The perfect storm: COVID-19, mass incarceration and the opioid epidemic. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 83:102819. [PMID: 32560975 PMCID: PMC7287479 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hobin E, Smith B. Is another public health crisis brewing beneath the COVID-19 pandemic? CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2020; 111:392-396. [PMID: 32557350 PMCID: PMC7301768 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates associations between exposure to mass traumatic events and increased alcohol consumption and related harms following the crises. However, there is limited evidence available to inform alcohol policies during such events. In this commentary, we present the range of government actions to control public access to alcohol during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in provinces and territories across Canada. Liquor retailers, including both private and government-run retailers, have been designated as essential services in all jurisdictions, operating under an evolving set of rules. From a public health perspective, keeping liquor retailers open during pandemic-related lockdown restrictions is a delicate decision which poses new risks and considerations about the best strategy for minimizing alcohol-related harms. We discuss the need to strike a balance between supplying public access to alcohol, particularly to those living with dependence, and unintentionally sending the message that alcohol is essential in our lives and encouraging consumption. Given the far-reaching effects of alcohol on health, social, psychological, economic, and work safety outcomes, we describe international guidance for minimizing alcohol-related harms and suggest that a nuanced and evidence-informed discussion about the considerations and impacts of alcohol control measures during a public health emergency should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hobin
- Public Health Ontario, 300 - 480 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 1G2, Canada.
| | - Brendan Smith
- Public Health Ontario, 300 - 480 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 1G2, Canada
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Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Goings TC, Oh S, Marsiglia F, Cohen M, John R, Andrade P, Schwartz S. Disconcerting levels of alcohol use among Venezuelan immigrant adolescents in the United States. Addict Behav 2020; 104:106269. [PMID: 31978757 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that more than 4 million Venezuelans have left their country as a direct result of their nation's widespread social and economic challenges. Although recent research identifies Venezuela as one of the nations with the highest rates of harmful alcohol consumption in the Americas, no research has been conducted on alcohol use among Venezuelan youth in diaspora. METHODS Data was collected between November 2018 and June 2019 from 373 Venezuelan immigrant youth ages 12-17 in the United States. The prevalence of past-month and lifetime alcohol use among Venezuelan youth is compared to that of other Hispanic and immigrant youth from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), and the Construyendo Oportunidades Para Adolecentes Latinos (COPAL) study using independent sample t tests. RESULTS The prevalence of past-month and lifetime alcohol use was significantly higher among Venezuelan immigrant youth (15% and 52%, respectively) compared to other Hispanic (9% and 28%) and immigrant (4.5% and 28%) youth in the NSDUH, and youth ages 14-17 in the COPAL study (4.0% and 22%). Among Venezuelan youth reporting alcohol use initiation, 1.5% of youth ages 12-14 and 19% ages 15-17 report lifetime alcohol intoxication. DISCUSSION Although preliminary, results indicate that a disconcerting proportion of Venezuelan crisis migrant youth in the US report lifetime alcohol initiation and past-month use. These findings suggest the importance of future research to examine the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use in this population using recruitment and sampling methods that will allow for population-level estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States; Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trenette C Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sehun Oh
- School of Social Work, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Flavio Marsiglia
- School of Social Work, Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Mariana Cohen
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Rachel John
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | | | - Seth Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Prolonged Financial Distress After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Predicts Behavioral Health. J Behav Health Serv Res 2020. [PMID: 29536343 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-9602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The economic impact of disasters is well known; however, the link between financial loss and behavioral health problems is unknown. Participants included 198 adults of ages 21 to 82, living within 10 miles of the Gulf Coast during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and were involved in the fishing, harvesting, seafood processing, or service/tourism industries. The functional impact of financial resource loss at 2.5 years post spill was measured using the 26-item Financial Life Events Checklist (FLEC). Individuals responded to financial distress by reducing social events and utility bills and changing food-shopping habits. The FLEC significantly predicted higher drug use (Drug Abuse Screening Test), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), mood problems (Profile of Mood States), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II) (p values ≤ 0.05) 4.5 years after the spill. This preliminary study supports the notion that the functional impact of financial loss has a long-term impact on behavioral health after an oil spill.
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Guimarães RA, Morais Neto OL. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol in Brazil: An Analysis by Macroregion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030767. [PMID: 31991757 PMCID: PMC7037342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) in Brazil, according to macroregion. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from individuals aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2013 National Health Survey in Brazil. Subjects were selected by probabilistic sampling and interviewed through home visits. Prevalence of DUIA was estimated according to the number of drivers and/or motorcyclists who reported consuming alcohol in the previous 30 days (n = 9537). Poisson regression was used to analyze the factors associated with DUIA to Brazil and in each macroregion of the country. Results: The prevalence of DUIA was 27.5%, 29.4%, 29.6%, 22.9%, and 20.8% in the North, Northeast, Central-West, South, and Southeast macroregions, respectively. The overall prevalence of Brazil was 24.3%. In most macroregions, the main predictors of DUIA were male sex, high educational level, living in outside the capital or metropolitan regions (other regions), and binge drinking in the previous 30 days. Depression was a predictor in Brazil and two macroregions. Conclusion: A high prevalence of DUIA was observed in Brazil, especially in the Central-West, Northeast and, North macro-regions. Factors associated with DUIA can be incorporated to develop effective interventions to reduce this behavior in Brazil.
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Blair RJ. Modeling the Comorbidity of Cannabis Abuse and Conduct Disorder/Conduct Problems from a Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective. J Dual Diagn 2020; 16:3-21. [PMID: 31608811 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1668099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A cognitive neuroscience perspective seeks to understand behavior, in this case the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems, in terms of dysfunction in cognitive processes underpinned by neural processes. The goal of this review is to articulate a cognitive neuroscience account of this comorbidity. Methods: Literature on the following issues will be reviewed: (i) the longitudinal relationship between cannabis abuse and conduct disorder/conduct problems (CD/CP); (ii) the extent to which there are genetic and environmental (specifically maltreatment) factors that underpin this relationship; (iii) forms of neurocognitive function that are reported dysfunctional in CD/CP and also, when dysfunctional, appear to be risk factors for future cannabis abuse; and (iv) the extent to which cannabis abuse may further compromise these systems leading to increased future abuse and greater conduct problems. Results: CD/CP typically predate cannabis abuse. There appear to be shared genetic factors that contribute to the relationship between CD/CP and cannabis abuse. Moreover, trauma exposure increases risk for both cannabis abuse and CP/CD. One form of neurocognitive dysfunction, response disinhibition, that likely exacerbates the symptomatology of many individuals with CD also appears to increase the risk for cannabis abuse. The literature with respect to other forms of neurocognitive dysfunction remains inconclusive. Conclusions: Based on the literature, a causal model of the comorbidity of cannabis abuse and CD/CP is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R James Blair
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
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Fitzpatrick S, Dworkin ER, Zimmerman L, Javorka M, Kaysen D. Stressors and Drinking in Sexual Minority Women: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2019; 7:46-54. [PMID: 32596411 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minority women are at elevated risk for exposure to stressors (both traumatic and discriminatory) and have higher rates of alcohol consumption and problems. The psychological mediation framework (Hatzenbuehler, 2009) suggests that both general (e.g., traumatic events to which minorities and nonminorities may be exposed) and minority-group-specific (e.g., discrimination) stressors contribute to psychopathology through mediators such as emotion dysregulation. Guided by this framework, the present study longitudinally examined the relationship between stressors and problematic drinking outcomes (i.e., binge drinking and alcohol-related problems), as mediated by emotion dysregulation, in sexual minority women (SMW). It addressed two research questions: (1) whether stressors longitudinally predict problematic drinking outcomes in SMW, as mediated by emotion dysregulation, and (2) for which specific forms of stressor (i.e., traumatic events and/or discrimination) this mediational relationship is present. Young adult women (N = 1057) who identified as lesbian or bisexual completed annual measures of daily heterosexism, traumas, and drinking outcomes for four years, and completed a measure of emotion dysregulation during the third year of data collection. We found an indirect relationship between discrimination and problematic drinking outcomes via emotion dysregulation. These findings are consistent with the psychological mediation framework (Hatzenbuehler, 2009) and suggest that SMW group-specific processes such as discrimination may be especially important in conferring risk for problem drinking via emotion dysregulation. Clinicians are advised to assess unique stressors faced by SMW and their potential contribution to problematic drinking outcomes, and to target emotion dysregulation in alcohol treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily R Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Lindsey Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
- National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System
| | | | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
- Present Address: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
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Altunbas FD, Onen Unsalver B, Yasar AB. Aspects of cognitive performance relating to Theory of Mind (ToM) among people diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:2015-2025. [PMID: 31410006 PMCID: PMC6645599 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s214595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities as measured by a hinting task and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic strees disorder (PTSD) in relation to different types of childhood trauma and compared to a healthy control group. METHOD RMET, a Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a hinting task, and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to PTSD (n=30) patients and healthy controls (n=30). RESULTS There was a significant difference in ToM performance between healthy participants and the PTSD group (p<0.001). A significant correlation was found between trauma types and ToM performance (p<0.01). The diagnosis of PTSD and the severity of PTSD symptoms showed significant correlations with ToM performance (p<0.01). In comparison with the healthy control group, the PTSD group demonstrated lower performance on both ToM tasks. Regardless of the PTSD diagnosis, those people who had a history of childhood trauma had slowed reaction times in response to photographs representing emotionally salient mental states and demonstrated difficulties in the identification of irony/hints in the context of the administered assessment task. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that a diagnosis of PTSD and a history of different types of trauma have an effect on ToM performance. PTSD seems to lead to deterioration in ToM capacities. This may mean that the experience of childhood adversity may lead to long-lasting damage to social cognition. The current study is helpful in that it contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PTSD; moreover, it will be beneficial in the development of new treatment options. Our research findings suggest that we must concentrate not only on traumatic events during the treatment process of PTSD follow-up and treatment; we must also target deficiencies in cognitive and emotional capabilities.
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Oil Spill Disruption and Problem Drinking: Assessing the Impact of Religious Context among Gulf Coast Residents. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-019-09520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Walker J, Bountress KE, Calhoun CD, Metzger IW, Adams Z, Amstadter A, Thomas S, Danielson CK. Impulsivity and Comorbid PTSD and Binge Drinking. J Dual Diagn 2018; 14:89-95. [PMID: 29505396 PMCID: PMC6322969 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2018.1439212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trauma exposure is common, with estimates of 28% to 90% of adults reporting at least one traumatic event over their lifetime. Those exposed to traumatic events are at risk for alcohol misuse (i.e., binge drinking), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or both. A potential underlying mechanism for this comorbidity is increased impulsivity-the tendency to act rashly. Little work to date has examined the impact of different impulsogenic traits on this comorbidity. METHODS This study (n = 162) investigated trauma-exposed young adults (aged 21-30) who had endorsed a lifetime interpersonal trauma. In addition, three impulsogenic traits (motor, nonplanning, and attentional) were measured. RESULTS Over and above the covariates for age, gender, race, and traumatic events, greater attentional impulsivity was associated with greater likelihood of meeting criteria for PTSD and binge drinking, compared to meeting criteria for PTSD, binge drinking, or neither. Neither nonplanning impulsivity nor motor impulsivity exerted unique effects. CONCLUSIONS Young adults who report difficulty attending to immediate stimuli within their environment may be unable to think about and/or process the traumatic event, potentially increasing risk for PTSD and maladaptive coping skills to manage this distress (e.g., alcohol misuse, binge drinking).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Walker
- a National Crime Victim Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC
| | - Kaitlin E Bountress
- a National Crime Victim Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC
| | - Casey D Calhoun
- a National Crime Victim Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC
| | - Isha W Metzger
- a National Crime Victim Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC
| | - Zachary Adams
- b Department of Psychiatry , Indiana University of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- c Virginia Institute for Psychiatry and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA
| | - Suzanne Thomas
- d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC
| | - Carla Kmett Danielson
- a National Crime Victim Research & Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC
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Dasgupta N, Beletsky L, Ciccarone D. Opioid Crisis: No Easy Fix to Its Social and Economic Determinants. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:182-186. [PMID: 29267060 PMCID: PMC5846593 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2017.304187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accepted wisdom about the US overdose crisis singles out prescribing as the causative vector. Although drug supply is a key factor, we posit that the crisis is fundamentally fueled by economic and social upheaval, its etiology closely linked to the role of opioids as a refuge from physical and psychological trauma, concentrated disadvantage, isolation, and hopelessness. Overreliance on opioid medications is emblematic of a health care system that incentivizes quick, simplistic answers to complex physical and mental health needs. In an analogous way, simplistic measures to cut access to opioids offer illusory solutions to this multidimensional societal challenge. We trace the crisis' trajectory through the intertwined use of opioid analgesics, heroin, and fentanyl analogs, and we urge engaging the structural determinants lens to address this formidable public health emergency. A broad focus on suffering should guide both patient- and community-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Dasgupta
- Nabarun Dasgupta is with the Injury Prevention Research Center and the Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Leo Beletsky is with the School of Law and the Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA and is also with the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla. Daniel Ciccarone is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Leo Beletsky
- Nabarun Dasgupta is with the Injury Prevention Research Center and the Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Leo Beletsky is with the School of Law and the Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA and is also with the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla. Daniel Ciccarone is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel Ciccarone
- Nabarun Dasgupta is with the Injury Prevention Research Center and the Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Leo Beletsky is with the School of Law and the Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA and is also with the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla. Daniel Ciccarone is with the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-impaired driving causes a substantial proportion of motor vehicle accidents. Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder among drinker-drivers. Few previous studies have investigated the relationship between major depression and alcohol-impaired driving. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether depression has a positive relationship with the probability of alcohol-impaired driving after controlling for the co-occurrence of binge drinking and alcohol dependence. METHODS Our data consisted of drinkers aged 21-64 years from two waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Cross-sectional analysis investigated whether depression is an independent risk factor for drinking-driving. Longitudinal analysis distinguished the relationship of depression onset, continuance, and recovery with changes in drinking-driving behaviors between the waves. These dual approaches allowed comparisons with previous studies. RESULTS Major depression was a small but statistically significant predictor of changes in alcohol-impaired driving behaviors among males but not females. Binge drinking and alcohol dependence were comparatively stronger predictors. Conclusions/Importance: There is limited empirical support that treating depression reduces drinking and driving in males who do not exhibit symptoms of alcohol use disorders. For persons with co-occurring depression and alcohol use disorders, depression treatment should be part of a strategy for treating alcohol use disorders which are highly related to drinking and driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Z Pogue
- a Heller School for Social Policy and Management , Brandeis University , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Jahn K Hakes
- b Center for Administrative Records and Research Applications , US Census Bureau , Suitland , Maryland , USA
| | - Frank A Sloan
- c Department of Economics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina , USA
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