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Wallace AL, Courtney KE, Wade NE, Doran N, Delfel EL, Baca R, Hatz LE, Thompson C, Andrade G, Jacobus J. A preliminary investigation of physical and mental health features of cannabis & nicotine co-use among adolescents and young adults by sex. Addict Behav 2024; 156:108064. [PMID: 38821010 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis and nicotine/tobacco products (NTP) are commonly co-used in adolescence and young adulthood; however, limited research has been done on predictive health behaviors to co-use. The current study is a preliminary investigation into the relationships of modifiable health behaviors on cannabis and NTP co-use in adolescents and young adults. METHOD 221 participants (ages 16-22) were characterized into cannabis use only (N = 55), NTP use only (N = 20), cannabis and NTP co-use (used cannabis and NTP; N = 96) and control (no use; N = 50) groups based on past 30-day use. Self-report measures for physical activity, sleep quality, mental health, and reward responsivity were utilized. Participants were given a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Logistic regressions of self-report measures and fluid intelligence composite scores on substance use group status were run stratified by sex. RESULTS Higher approach reward sensitivity traits were associated with increased likelihood of cannabis use only (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.15, p = .036) in female participants. Increased aerobic activity was associated with decreased likelihood of cannabis use only (OR = 0.91, p = .047) and cannabis and NTP co-use (OR = 0.88, p = .007) in female participants. Higher anxiety was associated with increased likelihood of cannabis NTP co-use (OR = 1.51, p = 0.025) in male participants. DISCUSSION Several health behaviors were linked with cannabis use and cannabis and NTP co-use in both females and male adolescents and young adults. Health markers differed by sex suggesting differing mechanisms of substance co-use. This study informs targetable health behaviors for prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Wallace
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kelly E Courtney
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Natasha E Wade
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neal Doran
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Everett L Delfel
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; SDSU / UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, USA
| | - Rachel Baca
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura E Hatz
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Courtney Thompson
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gianna Andrade
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- University of California San Diego, Psychiatry Department, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Macedo I, Paiva TO, Pasion R, Daedelow L, Heinz A, Magalhães A, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Holz N, Fröhner JH, Smolka MN, Vaidya N, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Barbosa F. Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1447-1461. [PMID: 38532040 PMCID: PMC11199211 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE For decades, cannabis has been the most widely used illicit substance in the world, particularly among youth. Research suggests that mental health problems associated with cannabis use may result from its effect on reward brain circuit, emotional processes, and cognition. However, findings are mostly derived from correlational studies and inconsistent, particularly in adolescents. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Using data from the IMAGEN study, participants (non-users, persistent users, abstinent users) were classified according to their cannabis use at 19 and 22 years-old. All participants were cannabis-naïve at baseline (14 years-old). Psychopathological symptoms, cognitive performance, and brain activity while performing a Monetary Incentive Delay task were used as predictors of substance use and to analyze group differences over time. RESULTS Higher scores on conduct problems and lower on peer problems at 14 years-old (n = 318) predicted a greater likelihood of transitioning to cannabis use within 5 years. At 19 years of age, individuals who consistently engaged in low-frequency (i.e., light) cannabis use (n = 57) exhibited greater conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms compared to non-users (n = 52) but did not differ in emotional symptoms, cognitive functioning, or brain activity during the MID task. At 22 years, those who used cannabis at both 19 and 22 years-old n = 17), but not individuals that had been abstinent for ≥ 1 month (n = 19), reported higher conduct problems than non-users (n = 17). CONCLUSIONS Impairments in reward-related brain activity and cognitive functioning do not appear to precede or succeed cannabis use (i.e., weekly, or monthly use). Cannabis-naïve adolescents with conduct problems and more socially engaged with their peers may be at a greater risk for lighter yet persistent cannabis use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Macedo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Rita Pasion
- HEI-LAB, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Daedelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin, Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin, Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular E Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig und Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 Trajectoires Développementales & Psychiatrie, CNRS; EcoleNormaleSupérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 Trajectoires Développementales & Psychiatrie, University Paris-Saclay, CNRS; Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli; Gif-Sur-Yvette, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and AP-HP. Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM U 1299 Trajectoires Développementales & Psychiatrie, CNRS; EcoleNormaleSupérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre Borelli; Gif-Sur-Yvette; and Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, University Paris-Saclay, Etampes, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hosptalier, Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin, Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-Inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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Kardan O, Weigard A, Cope L, Martz M, Angstadt M, McCurry KL, Michael C, Hardee J, Hyde LW, Sripada C, Heitzeg MM. Functional brain connectivity predictors of prospective substance use initiation and their environmental correlates. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.29.24308134. [PMID: 38853927 PMCID: PMC11160855 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.24308134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Early substance use initiation (SUI) places youth at substantially higher risk for later substance use disorders. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of brain networks, the pace and magnitude of which are susceptible to environmental influences and may shape risk for SUI. Methods We examined whether patterns of functional brain connectivity during rest (rsFC), measured longitudinally in pre-and-early adolescence, can predict future SUI. In an independent sub-sample, we also tested whether these patterns are associated with key environmental factors, specifically neighborhood pollution and socioeconomic dimensions. We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. SUI was defined as first-time use of at least one full dose of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, or other drugs. We created a control group (N = 228) of participants without SUI who were matched with the SUI group (N = 233) on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parental income and education. Results Multivariate analysis showed that whole-brain rsFC prior to SUI during 9-10 and 11-12 years of age successfully differentiated the prospective SUI and control groups. This rsFC signature was expressed more at older ages in both groups, suggesting a pattern of accelerated maturation in the SUI group in the years prior to SUI. In an independent sub-sample (N = 2,854) and adjusted for family socioeconomic factors, expression of this rsFC pattern was associated with higher pollution, but not neighborhood disadvantage. Conclusion Brain functional connectivity patterns in early adolescence that are linked to accelerated maturation and environmental exposures can predict future SUI in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kardan
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology
| | | | - Lora Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Meghan Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | | | | | | | - Luke W. Hyde
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology
- University of Michigan, Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research
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Anderson NE, Maurer JM, Stephenson D, Harenski K, Caldwell M, Van Rybroek G, Kiehl KA. Striatal brain volume linked to severity of substance use in high-risk incarcerated youth. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38738358 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders among juveniles are a major public health concern and are often intertwined with other psychosocial risk factors including antisocial behavior. Identifying etiological risks and mechanisms promoting substance use disorders remains a high priority for informing more focused interventions in high-risk populations. The present study examined brain gray matter structure in relation to substance use severity among n = 152 high-risk, incarcerated boys (aged 14-20). Substance use severity was positively associated with gray matter volume across several frontal/striatal brain regions including amygdala, pallidum, putamen, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. Effects were apparent when using voxel-based-morphometric analysis, as well as in whole-brain, data-driven, network-based approaches (source-based morphometry). These findings support the hypothesis that elevated gray matter volume in striatal reward circuits may be an endogenous marker for vulnerability to severe substance use behaviors among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Caldwell
- Mendota Mental Health Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg Van Rybroek
- Mendota Mental Health Institute, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Kohler R, Lichenstein SD, Cheng A, Holmes A, Bzdok D, Pearlson G, Yip SW. Identification of a Composite Latent Dimension of Reward and Impulsivity Across Clinical, Behavioral, and Neurobiological Domains Among Youth. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:407-416. [PMID: 38052266 PMCID: PMC11149944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in reward processing are central to heightened risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, but there is inconsistent evidence for the relationship between risk-taking phenotypes and the neural substrates of these behaviors. METHODS Here, we identify latent features of reward in an attempt to provide a unifying framework linking together aspects of the brain and behavior during early adolescence using a multivariate pattern learning approach. Data (N = 8295; n male = 4190; n female = 4105) were acquired as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and included neuroimaging (regional neural activity responses during reward anticipation) and behavioral (e.g., impulsivity measures, delay discounting) variables. RESULTS We revealed a single latent dimension of reward driven by shared covariation between striatal, thalamic, and anterior cingulate responses during reward anticipation, negative urgency, and delay discounting behaviors. Expression of these latent features differed among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder, compared with those without, and higher expression of these latent features was negatively associated with multiple dimensions of executive function and cognition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cross-domain patterns of anticipatory reward processing linked to negative features of impulsivity exist in both the brain and in behavior during early adolescence and that these are representative of 2 commonly diagnosed reward-related psychiatric disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder. Furthermore, they provide an explicit baseline from which multivariate developmental trajectories of reward processes may be tracked in later waves of the ABCD Study and other developmental cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Sarah D Lichenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Avram Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, BIC, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Renault H, Freeman C, Banica I, Sandre A, Ethridge P, Park J, Weinberg A. Neural response to rewards moderates the within-person association between daily positive events and positive affect during a period of stress exposure. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14376. [PMID: 37430465 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress and neural responses to reward can interact to predict psychopathology, but the mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. One possibility is that the strength of neural responses to reward can affect the ability to maintain positive affect during stress. In this study, 105 participants completed a monetary reward task to elicit the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential sensitive to rewards. Subsequently, during a stressful period, participants reported on their affect nine times a day and on daily positive and negative events for 10 days. Even during heightened stress, experiencing more positive events was associated with increased positive affect. The RewP significantly moderated this association: Individuals with a larger RewP reported greater increases in positive affect when they experienced more positive events, relative to individuals with a smaller RewP. A blunted RewP might contribute to stress susceptibility by affecting how much individuals engage in positive emotion regulation during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Renault
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clara Freeman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paige Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Clements CC, Ascunce K, Nelson CA. In Context: A Developmental Model of Reward Processing, With Implications for Autism and Sensitive Periods. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1200-1216. [PMID: 36336205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in reward processing have been associated with numerous psychiatric disorders, including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many attempts to understand reward processing characterize differences in clinical populations after disorder onset; however, divergence may begin much earlier. In fact, the typical developmental progression of reward processing in infancy and early childhood is poorly understood. We re-conceptualize classic infant developmental constructs such as preferential looking into a Six-Component Developmental Model of Reward Processing: an infant- and young child-focused framework to guide research and assessment of reward processing across development. METHOD The extant developmental literature including recent textbooks, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was reviewed to build a conceptual framework. We describe experimental paradigms to assess each developmental component of reward processing longitudinally from infancy. A timeline of each component's emergence was estimated. RESULTS Six components of reward processing were identified-association, discrimination, preference/valuation, effort, anticipation, and response. Selected evidence suggests emergence between birth and 6 months. Application of this model to autism led to a reinterpretation of existing disparate results, and illuminated a path to study the developmental processes underlying a popular hypothesis of autism, the motivation hypothesis. Current evidence further suggests that a sensitive period may exist for the emergence of reward processing. CONCLUSION The proposed framework offers a useful reconceptualization of the extant literature. Future longitudinal work using the suggested experimental paradigms with high-risk populations could elucidate the developmental trajectory of the components and timing of potential sensitive period(s) for each component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Clements
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Harris JC, Liuzzi MT, Malames BA, Larson CL, Lisdahl KM. Differences in parent and youth perceived neighborhood threat on nucleus accumbens-frontoparietal network resting state connectivity and alcohol sipping in children enrolled in the ABCD study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1237163. [PMID: 37928910 PMCID: PMC10622767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence has shown neighborhood threat (NT) as a social driver of emotional and brain development. Few studies have examined the relationship between NT and neural function. Altered functional connectivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) with the frontoparietal network (FPN) has been implicated in the development of substance use, however, little is known about perceived NT-related brain function or downstream alcohol sipping during early adolescence. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between youth and combined youth/parent perceived NT, resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the NAcc-FPN, and alcohol sipping behavior during late childhood and preadolescence. Methods This study used data (N = 7,744) from baseline to 2-year follow-up (FU) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD; Release 4.0). Relationships between youth and combined youth/parent perceive NT, alcohol sipping (baseline to two-year FU), and NAcc-FPN (left/right) connectivity, adjusting for demographics, family/peer history of alcohol use, parental monitoring and warmth, externalizing symptoms, and site, were examined in a mediation model via PROCESS in R. Results Greater youth-reported NT at baseline was significantly associated with lower RSFC between the right (but not left) NAcc-FPN holding covariates constant (R2 = 0.01, B = -0.0019 (unstandardized), F (12, 7,731) = 8.649, p = 0.0087) and increased odds of alcohol sipping at baseline up to the two-year FU (direct effect = 0.0731, 95% CI = 0.0196, 0.1267). RSFC between the right NAcc-FPN did not significantly predict alcohol sipping at the two-year FU (b = -0.0213, SE = 0.42349, p = 0.9599; 95% CI = -0.8086, 0.8512). No significant relationships were observed for combined youth/parent report predicting alcohol sipping or NAcc-FPN connectivity. Conclusion Findings suggest notable reporting differences in NT. Combined youth/parent report did not reveal significant findings; youth perceived NT was related to increased likelihood of alcohol sipping and lower neural connectivity between the right NAcc-FPN during late childhood and early adolescence. NT context - and source of reporting - may be crucial in examining links with downstream neuronal function and health behaviors. Future research should investigate reward processing and threat as the cohort ages into later adolescence.
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Green R, Meredith LR, Mewton L, Squeglia LM. Adolescent Neurodevelopment Within the Context of Impulsivity and Substance Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:166-177. [PMID: 38009082 PMCID: PMC10671920 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of the present review is to provide an update on recent studies examining adolescent neurodevelopment in the context of impulsivity and substance use. We provide a review of the neurodevelopmental changes in brain structure and function related to impulsivity, substance use, and their intersection. Recent Findings When examining brain structure, smaller gray matter volume coupled with lower white matter integrity is associated with greater impulsivity across three components: trait impulsivity, choice impulsivity, and response inhibition. Altered functional connectivity in networks including the inhibitory control network and reward processing network confers risk for greater impulsivity and substance use. Summary Across brain structure and function, there is evidence to suggest that overlapping areas involved in the rise in impulsivity during adolescence contribute to early substance use initiation and escalation. These overlapping neurodevelopmental correlates have promising implications for prevention and early intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Mewton
- Matilda Centre for Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Chaplin TM, Curby TW, Gonçalves SF, Kisner MA, Niehaus CE, Thompson JC. Sex Differences in Emotion- and Reward-Related Neural Responses Predicting Increases in Substance Use in Adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2023; 450:114499. [PMID: 37201893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent substance use is a significant public health problem and there is a need for effective substance use preventions. To develop effective preventions, it is important to identify neurobiological risk factors that predict increases in substance use in adolescence and to understand potential sex differences in risk mechanisms. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging and hierarchical linear modeling to examine negative emotion- and reward-related neural responses in early adolescence predicting growth in substance use to middle adolescence in 81 youth, by sex. Adolescent neural responses to negative emotional stimuli and monetary reward receipt were assessed at age 12-14. Adolescents reported on substance use at age 12-14 and at 6 month, and 1, 2, and 3 year follow-ups. Adolescent neural responses did not predict initiation of substance use (yes/no), but, among users, neural responses predicted growth in substance use frequency. For girls, heightened right amygdala responses to negative emotional stimuli in early adolescence predicted growth in substance use frequency through middle adolescence. For boys, blunted left nucleus accumbens and bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex responses to monetary reward predicted growth in substance use frequency. Findings suggest different emotion and reward-related predictors of the development of substance use for adolescent girls versus boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030.
| | - Timothy W Curby
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030.
| | - Stefanie F Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030.
| | - Mallory A Kisner
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030.
| | - Claire E Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030; Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, 571 S Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202.
| | - James C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030.
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11
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Colaizzi JM, Flagel SB, Gearhardt AN, Borowitz MA, Kuplicki R, Zotev V, Clark G, Coronado J, Abbott T, Paulus MP. The propensity to sign-track is associated with externalizing behavior and distinct patterns of reward-related brain activation in youth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4402. [PMID: 36928057 PMCID: PMC10020483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Externalizing behaviors in childhood often predict impulse control disorders in adulthood; however, the underlying bio-behavioral risk factors are incompletely understood. In animals, the propensity to sign-track, or the degree to which incentive motivational value is attributed to reward cues, is associated with externalizing-type behaviors and deficits in executive control. Using a Pavlovian conditioned approach paradigm, we quantified sign-tracking in 40 healthy 9-12-year-olds. We also measured parent-reported externalizing behaviors and anticipatory neural activations to outcome-predicting cues using the monetary incentive delay fMRI task. Sign-tracking was associated with attentional and inhibitory control deficits and the degree of amygdala, but not cortical, activation during reward anticipation. These findings support the hypothesis that youth with a propensity to sign-track are prone to externalizing tendencies, with an over-reliance on subcortical cue-reactive brain systems. This research highlights sign-tracking as a promising experimental approach delineating the behavioral and neural circuitry of individuals at risk for externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Colaizzi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Shelly B Flagel
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michelle A Borowitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Vadim Zotev
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Grace Clark
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer Coronado
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Talia Abbott
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
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12
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Musial MPM, Beck A, Rosenthal A, Charlet K, Bach P, Kiefer F, Vollstädt-Klein S, Walter H, Heinz A, Rothkirch M. Reward Processing in Alcohol-Dependent Patients and First-Degree Relatives: Functional Brain Activity During Anticipation of Monetary Gains and Losses. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:546-557. [PMID: 35863919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the reward deficiency syndrome and allostatic hypotheses, hyposensitivity of mesocorticolimbic regions to non-alcohol-related stimuli predisposes to dependence or is long-lastingly enhanced by chronic substance use. To date, no study has directly compared mesocorticolimbic brain activity during non-drug reward anticipation between alcohol-dependent, at risk, and healthy subjects. METHODS Seventy-five abstinent alcohol-dependent human subjects (mean abstinence duration 957.66 days), 62 healthy first-degree relatives of alcohol-dependent individuals, and 76 healthy control subjects without family history of alcohol dependence performed a monetary incentive delay task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data of the anticipation phase were analyzed, during which visual cues predicted that fast response to a target would result in monetary gain, avoidance of monetary loss, or a neutral outcome. RESULTS During gain anticipation, there were no significant group differences. During loss anticipation, abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects showed lower activity in the left anterior insula compared with healthy control subjects without family history of alcohol dependence only (Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI] -25 19 -5; t206 = 4.17, familywise error corrected p = .009). However, this effect was no longer significant when age was included as a covariate. There were no group differences between abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects and healthy first-degree relatives or between healthy first-degree relatives and healthy control subjects during loss anticipation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Neither the neural reward deficiency syndrome nor the allostatic hypotheses are supported by the results. Future studies should investigate whether the incentive salience hypothesis allows for more accurate predictions regarding mesocorticolimbic brain activity of subjects with alcohol dependence and healthy individuals during reward and loss anticipation and further examine the neural substrates underlying a predisposition to dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena P M Musial
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anne Beck
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Berlin, Germany; Health and Medical University, Campus Potsdam, Faculty of Health, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Rothkirch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Gonçalves SF, Mauro KL, Kinsey-Kerr MG, Fuentes AG, Thompson JC, Chaplin TM. Behavioral inhibition and approach tendencies are associated with striatal activation to loss: Implications for adolescent substance use. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108371. [PMID: 36210572 PMCID: PMC11008605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral inhibition/avoidance and approach systems (BIS/BAS), which facilitate avoidance of aversive stimuli and approach of enticing stimuli, are thought to underlie engagement in substance use (SU). However, little is known about the neural correlates of these systems, particularly in adolescence. The current study examined associations between BIS/BAS tendencies and neural response to reward and loss and then examined whether there was an indirect effect of BIS/BAS on later SU initiation through these neural responses. 79 12-14 year olds underwent fMRI at baseline during a card guessing task. Adolescents reported on their BIS/BAS at baseline and on their SU at baseline and through a 3-year follow-up period. Results showed that higher BIS was associated with lower striatal activation and higher BAS with higher striatal activation to monetary loss. BIS and BAS were not associated with neural activation to monetary reward. There was no support that BIS or BAS predicted SU initiation through striatal activation to monetary loss. Overall, these results may suggest that adolescents with the tendency to avoid aversive stimuli assign less salience and adolescents with the tendency to approach enticing stimuli assign more salience to monetary loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - Kelsey L Mauro
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | - Max G Kinsey-Kerr
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | | | - James C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
| | - Tara M Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States
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14
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Martz ME, Hardee JE, Cope LM, McCurry KL, Soules M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Nucleus Accumbens Response to Reward among Children with a Family History of Alcohol Use Problems: Convergent Findings from the ABCD Study® and Michigan Longitudinal Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070913. [PMID: 35884720 PMCID: PMC9320357 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a family history of alcohol use problems (FH+) conveys risk for alcohol use in offspring. Reward-related brain functioning may play a role in this vulnerability. The present study investigated brain function in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) associated with the anticipation of reward in youth with two biological parents with alcohol use problems (FH+2), one biological parent with alcohol use problems (FH+1), and no biological parents with alcohol use problems (FH-). Participants were from the large, national Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (mean age: 9.93; 48% female; FH+2 n = 223, FH+1 n = 1447, FH- n = 9690) and the Michigan Longitudinal Study (MLS), consisting of community-recruited families with high rates of alcohol use disorder (mean age: 10.54; 39.3% female; FH+2 n = 40, FH+1 n = 51, FH- n = 40). Reward anticipation was measured by the monetary incentive delay task. Regression models were used to assess associations between FH status and the anticipation of large rewards in right and left NAcc regions of interest. In both studies, FH+2 youth showed blunted anticipatory reward responding in the right NAcc compared to FH+1 youth. In the MLS, FH+2 youth also had blunted anticipatory reward responding in the right NAcc compared to the FH- group. Convergent results across two separate samples provide insights into a unique vulnerability of FH+2 youth and suggest that binary FH+ versus FH- categorizations may obscure important differences within FH+ youth.
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Grants
- U01DA041048, U01DA050989, U01DA051016, U01DA041022, U01DA051018, U01DA051037, U01DA050987, U01 DA041174, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041028, U01DA 041134, U01DA050988, U01DA051039, U01DA041156, U01DA04 1025, U01DA041120, U01DA051038, U01DA041148, U01DA NIH HHS
- R01 AA12217 NIAAA NIH HHS
- T32 AA007477 NIAAA NIH HHS
- R01 DA027261 NIDA NIH HHS
- K01 AA024804 NIAAA NIH HHS
- R37 AA07065 NIAAA NIH HHS
- K01 AA027558 NIAAA NIH HHS
- K01 DA044270 NIDA NIH HHS
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15
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Gonçalves SF, Ryan M, Niehaus CE, Chaplin TM. Affect-Related Brain Activity and Adolescent Substance Use: A Systematic Review. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2022; 9:11-26. [PMID: 37009067 PMCID: PMC10062006 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-021-00241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review This review aims to summarize the research on brain activity during affective processing (i.e., reward, negative emotional stimuli, loss) and adolescent substance use (SU). Recent findings Most research revealed links between altered neural activity in midcingulo-insular, frontoparietal and other network regions and adolescent SU. Increased recruitment of midcingulo-insular regions-particularly the striatum-to positive affective stimuli (e.g., monetary reward) was most often associated with initiation and low-level use of substances, whereas decreased recruitment of these regions was most often associated with SUD and higher risk SU. In regards to negative affective stimuli, most research demonstrated increased recruitment of midcingulo-insular network regions. There is also evidence that these associations may be sex-specific. Summary Future research should employ longitudinal designs that assess affect-related brain activity prior to and following SU initiation and escalation. Moreover, examining sex as as moderating variable may help clarify if affective neural risk factors are sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F. Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University,
Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Mary Ryan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University,
Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Claire E. Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University,
Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Tara M. Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University,
Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
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16
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Chaplin TM, Mauro KL, Niehaus CE. Effects of Parenting Environment on Child and Adolescent Social-Emotional Brain Function. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 54:341-372. [PMID: 34761364 PMCID: PMC10016201 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The caregiving environment that children and adolescents experience is critically important for their social-emotional development. Parenting may affect child social-emotional outcomes through its effects in shaping the child's developing brain. Research has begun to investigate effects of parenting on child and adolescent brain function in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here we review these initial studies. These studies find associations between parenting behavior and child and adolescent functional activation in neural networks involved in emotional arousal, emotion regulation (ER), reward processing, cognitive control, and social-emotional information processing. Findings from these studies suggest that higher negative parenting and lower positive parenting are generally associated with heightened activation in emotional arousal networks in response to negative emotional stimuli in youth. Further, findings indicate that lower positive parenting is associated with higher response in reward processing networks to monetary reward in youth. Finally, findings show that lower positive parenting predicts lower activation in cognitive control networks during cognitive control tasks and less adaptive neural responses to parent-specific stimuli. Several studies found these associations to be moderated by child sex or psychopathology risk status and we discuss these moderating factors and discuss implications of findings for children's social-emotional development.
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17
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Picci G, Fishbein DH, VanMeter JW, Rose EJ. Effects of OPRM1 and DRD2 on brain structure in drug-naïve adolescents: Genetic and neural vulnerabilities to substance use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:141-152. [PMID: 34816289 PMCID: PMC8776605 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants in the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) and dopamine receptor d2 (DRD2) genes are implicated in behavioral phenotypes related to substance use disorders (SUD). Despite associations among OPRM1 (rs179971) and DRD2 (rs6277) genes and structural alterations in neural reward pathways implicated in SUDs, little is known about the contribution of risk-related gene variants to structural neurodevelopment. In a 3-year longitudinal study of initially SU-naïve adolescents (N = 129; 70 females; 11-14 years old), participants underwent an MRI structural scan at baseline and provided genetic assays for OPRM1 and DRD2 with SU behavior assessed during follow-up visits. Baseline differences in key reward-related brain regions (i.e., bilateral caudate and cingulate cortex) were detected in those with genetic liability for SU in OPRM1 who went onto engage in SU at subsequent waves of data collection. In addition, main effects of OPRM1, DRD2, and SU were related to variability in structure of the putamen, anterior cingulate, and nucleus accumbens, respectively. These data provide preliminary evidence that genetic risk factors interact with future SU to confer structural variability prior to SU in regions commonly implicated in risk for SU and the development of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 378 Bucher Drive, Boys Town, NE, 68010, USA.
| | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Program for Translational Research On Adversity and Neurodevelopment (P-TRAN), Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Penn State University, 218 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - John W VanMeter
- Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Emma J Rose
- Program for Translational Research On Adversity and Neurodevelopment (P-TRAN), Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Penn State University, 310A Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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18
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Bart CP, Nusslock R, Ng TH, Titone MK, Carroll AL, Damme KS, Young CB, Armstrong CC, Chein J, Alloy LB. Decreased reward-related brain function prospectively predicts increased substance use. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 130:886-898. [PMID: 34843292 PMCID: PMC8634780 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Substance use and addiction are prominent global health concerns and are associated with abnormalities in reward sensitivity. Reward sensitivity and approach motivation are supported by a fronto-striatal neural circuit including the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventral striatum (VS), and dorsal striatum (DS). Although research highlights abnormalities in reward neural circuitry among individuals with problematic substance use, questions remain about whether such use arises from excessively high, or excessively low, reward sensitivity. This study examined whether reward-related brain function predicted subsequent substance use course. Participants were 79 right-handed individuals (Mage = 21.52, SD = 2.19 years), who completed a monetary incentive delay (MID) fMRI task, and follow-up measures assessing substance use frequency and impairment. The average duration of the follow-up period was 9.1 months. Regions-of-interest analyses focused on the reward anticipation phase of the MID. Decreased activation in the VS during reward anticipation predicted increased substance use frequency at follow-up. Decreased DS activation during reward anticipation predicted increased substance use frequency at follow-up, but this finding did not pass correction for multiple comparisons. Analyses adjusted for relevant covariates, including baseline substance use and the presence or absence of a lifetime substance use disorder prior to MRI scanning. Results support the reward hyposensitivity theory, suggesting that decreased reward-related brain function is a risk factor for increased substance use. Results have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of problematic substance use and highlight the importance of the fronto-striatal reward circuit in the development and maintenance of addiction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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19
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Lannoy S, Sullivan EV. Trajectories of brain development reveal times of risk and factors promoting resilience to alcohol use during adolescence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:85-116. [PMID: 34696880 PMCID: PMC10657639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recognized as harmful for the developing brain. Numerous studies have sought environmental and genetic risk factors that predict the development of AUD, but recently identified resilience factors have emerged as protective. This chapter reviews normal processes of brain development in adolescence and emerging adulthood, delineates disturbed growth neurotrajectories related to heavy drinking, and identifies potential endogenous, experiential, and time-linked brain markers of resilience. For example, concurrent high dorsolateral prefrontal activation serving inhibitory control and low nucleus accumbens activation serving reward functions engender positive adaptation and low alcohol use. Also discussed is the role that moderating factors have in promoting risk for or resilience to AUD. Longitudinal research on the effects of all levels of alcohol drinking on the developing brain remains crucial and should be pursued in the context of resilience, which is a promising direction for identifying protective biomarkers against developing AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lannoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - E V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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20
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Gonçalves SF, Turpyn CC, Niehaus CE, Mauro KL, Hinagpis CL, Thompson JC, Chaplin TM. Neural activation to loss and reward among alcohol naive adolescents who later initiate alcohol use. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 50:100978. [PMID: 34167021 PMCID: PMC8227823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use is associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, including an increased risk of alcohol use disorder in adulthood. It is therefore important to identify risk factors of alcohol initiation in adolescence. Research to date has shown that altered neural activation to reward is associated with alcohol use in adolescence; however, few studies have focused on neural activation to loss and alcohol use. The current study examined neural activation to loss and reward among 64 alcohol naive 12−14 year olds that did (n = 20) and did not initiate alcohol use by a three year follow-up period. Results showed that compared to adolescents that did not initiate alcohol use, adolescents that did initiate alcohol use by the three year follow-up period had increased activation to loss in the left striatum (i.e., putamen), right precuneus, and the brainstem/pons when they were alcohol naive at baseline. By contrast, alcohol initiation was not associated with neural activation to winning a reward. These results suggest that increased activation in brain regions implicated in salience, error detection/self-referential processing, and sensorimotor function, especially to negative outcomes, may represent an initial vulnerability factor for alcohol use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - Caitlin C Turpyn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
| | - Claire E Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - Kelsey L Mauro
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - Cristopher L Hinagpis
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - James C Thompson
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
| | - Tara M Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, United States.
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21
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Bart CP, Titone MK, Ng TH, Nusslock R, Alloy LB. Neural reward circuit dysfunction as a risk factor for bipolar spectrum disorders and substance use disorders: A review and integration. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102035. [PMID: 34020138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are associated with neural reward dysfunction. However, it is unclear what pattern of neural reward function underlies pre-existing vulnerability to BSDs and SUDs, or whether neural reward function explains their high co-occurrence. The current paper provides an overview of the separate literatures on neural reward sensitivity in BSDs and SUDs. We provide a systematic review of 35 studies relevant to identifying neural reward function vulnerability to BSDs and SUDs. These studies include those examining neural reward processing on a monetary reward task with prospective designs predicting initial onset of SUDs, familial risk studies that examine unaffected offspring or first-degree relatives of family members with BSDs or SUDs, and studies that examine individuals with BSDs or SUDs who are not currently in an episode of the disorder. Findings from the review highlight that aberrant responding and connectivity across neural regions associated with reward and cognitive control confers risk for the development of BSDs and SUDs. Discussion focuses on limitations of the extant literature. We conclude with an integration and theoretical model for understanding how aberrant neural reward responding may constitute a vulnerability to the development of both BSDs and SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne P Bart
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Madison K Titone
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Tommy H Ng
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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Subtypes of inhibitory and reward activation associated with substance use variation in adolescence: A latent profile analysis of brain imaging data. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1101-1114. [PMID: 33973159 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study identified subgroups based on inhibitory and reward activation, two key neural functions involved in risk-taking behavior, and then tested the extent to which subgroup differences varied by age, sex, behavioral and familial risk, and substance use. Participants were 145 young adults (18-21 years old; 40.0% female) from the Michigan Longitudinal Study. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to establish subgroups using task-based brain activations. Demographic and substance use differences between subgroups were then examined in logistic regression analyses. Whole-brain task activations during a functional magnetic resonance imaging go/no-go task and monetary incentive delay task were used to identify beta weights as input for LPA modeling. A four-class model showed the best fit with the data. Subgroups were categorized as: (1) low inhibitory activation/moderate reward activation (39.7%), (2) moderate inhibitory activation/low reward activation (22.7%), (3) moderate inhibitory activation/high reward activation (25.2%), and (4) high inhibitory activation/high reward activation (12.4%). Compared with the other subgroups, Class 2 was older, less likely to have parental alcohol use disorder, and had less alcohol use. Class 4 was the youngest and had greater marijuana use. Classes 1 and 3 did not differ significantly from the other subgroups. These findings demonstrate that LPA applied to brain activations can be used to identify distinct neural profiles that may explain heterogeneity in substance use outcomes and may inform more targeted substance use prevention and intervention efforts.
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Demidenko MI, Weigard AS, Ganesan K, Jang H, Jahn A, Huntley ED, Keating DP. Interactions between methodological and interindividual variability: How Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task contrast maps vary and impact associations with behavior. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02093. [PMID: 33750042 PMCID: PMC8119872 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenomena related to reward responsiveness have been extensively studied in their associations with substance use and socioemotional functioning. One important task in this literature is the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. By cueing and delivering performance-contingent reward, the MID task has been demonstrated to elicit robust activation of neural circuits involved in different phases of reward responsiveness. However, systematic evaluations of common MID task contrasts have been limited to between-study comparisons of group-level activation maps, limiting their ability to directly evaluate how researchers' choice of contrasts impacts conclusions about individual differences in reward responsiveness or brain-behavior associations. METHODS In a sample of 104 participants (Age Mean = 19.3, SD = 1.3), we evaluate similarities and differences between contrasts in: group- and individual-level activation maps using Jaccard's similarity index, region of interest (ROI) mean signal intensities using Pearson's r, and associations between ROI mean signal intensity and psychological measures using Bayesian correlation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate more similarities than differences between win and loss cues during the anticipation contrast, dissimilarity between some win anticipation contrasts, an apparent deactivation effect in the outcome phase, likely stemming from the blood oxygen level-dependent undershoot, and behavioral associations that are less robust than previously reported. CONCLUSION Consistent with recent empirical findings, this work has practical implications for helping researchers interpret prior MID studies and make more informed a priori decisions about how their contrast choices may modify results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander S Weigard
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hyesue Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Jahn
- The Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward D Huntley
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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Lees B, Garcia AM, Debenham J, Kirkland AE, Bryant BE, Mewton L, Squeglia LM. Promising vulnerability markers of substance use and misuse: A review of human neurobehavioral studies. Neuropharmacology 2021; 187:108500. [PMID: 33607147 PMCID: PMC8129990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Substance use often begins, and noticeably escalates, during adolescence. Identifying predictive neurobehavioral vulnerability markers of substance use and related problems may improve targeted prevention and early intervention initiatives. This review synthesizes 44 longitudinal studies and explores the utility of developmental imbalance models and neurobehavioral addiction frameworks in predicting neural and cognitive patterns that are associated with prospective substance use initiation and escalation among young people. A total of 234 effect sizes were calculated and compared. Findings suggest that aberrant neural structure and function of regions implicated in reward processing, cognitive control, and impulsivity can predate substance use initiation, escalation, and disorder. Functional vulnerability markers of substance use include hyperactivation during reward feedback and risk evaluation in prefrontal and ventral striatal regions, fronto-parietal hypoactivation during working memory, distinctive neural patterns during successful (fronto-parietal hyperactivation) and failed response inhibition (frontal hypoactivation), and related cognitive deficits. Structurally, smaller fronto-parietal and amygdala volume and larger ventral striatal volume predicts prospective substance misuse. Taken together, the findings of this review suggest that neurobehavioral data can be useful in predicting future substance use behaviors. Notably, little to no research has empirically tested the underlying assumptions of widely used theoretical frameworks. To improve the reliability and utility of neurobehavioral data in predicting future substance use behaviors, recommendations for future research are provided. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Alexis M Garcia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Jennifer Debenham
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Brittany E Bryant
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
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25
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Identification and Validation of Distinct Latent Neurodevelopmental Profiles in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:352-361. [PMID: 33706021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of the precise mechanism, all neurodevelopmental models of risk assume that, at the population level, there exist subgroups of individuals that share similar patterns of neural function and development-and that these subgroups somehow relate to psychiatric risk. However, the existence of multiple neurodevelopmental subgroups at the population level has not been assessed previously. METHODS In the current study, cross-validated latent profile analysis was used to test for the presence of empirically derived, brain-based developmental subgroups using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 6758 individuals (49.4% female; mean age = 9.94 years) in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study wave 1 release. Data were randomly split into training and testing samples. RESULTS Analyses in the training sample (n = 3379) identified a seven-profile solution (entropy = 0.880) that was replicated in the held-out testing data (n = 3379, entropy = 0.890). Identified subgroups included a moderate group (66.8%), high reward (4.3%) and low reward (4.0%) groups, high inhibition (9.8%) and low inhibition (6.7%) groups, and high emotion regulation (4.0%) and low emotion regulation (4.3%) groups. Relative to the moderate group, other subgroups were characterized by more males (χ2 = 24.10, p = .0005), higher proportions of individuals from lower-income households (χ2 = 122.17, p < .0001), poorer cognitive performance (ps < .0001), more screen time (F = 6.80, p < .0001), heightened impulsivity (ps < .006), and higher rates of neurodevelopmental disorders (χ2 = 26.20, p = .0002). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the existence of multiple, distinct neurodevelopmental subgroups at the population level. They indicate that these empirically derived, brain-based developmental profiles relate to differences in clinical features, even at a young age, and prior to the peak period of risk for the development of psychopathology.
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26
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Effects of substance misuse on reward-processing in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:622-631. [PMID: 33184474 PMCID: PMC8027205 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) often co-occur and are associated with treatment resistance. Both disorders are characterized by similar reward-processing deficits with decreased striatal responses to reward anticipation, though literature is inconsistent. It is unclear whether substance misuse exaggerates reward-processing deficits observed in ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine substance misuse effects on reward-processing in ADHD. Functional MRI data in a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task from a multi-site study were compared across ADHD groups with and without substance misuse (ADHD + SM and ADHD-only, respectively) and healthy controls (n = 40/group, 74 males and 46 females, aged 13.7-25.9 years). Substance misuse was defined as misuse of alcohol, nicotine, or drugs. Groups were matched with presence/absence of parental SUD to avoid interference with SUD trait effects. Compared to ADHD-only and controls, ADHD + SM showed hyperactivation in putamen during reward anticipation. Compared to controls, the ADHD groups showed hypoactivation in motor/sensory cortices and hyperactivation in frontal pole and OFC during reward outcome. ADHD + SM also showed hyperactivation in frontal pole during neutral outcome. Moreover, ADHD + SM patients showed higher callous-unemotional (CU) traits that were positively correlated with putamen responses to reward anticipation. Our results show distinct condition-independent neural activation profile for ADHD + SM compared to ADHD-only and controls. Effects of comorbid substance misuse and variability of its prevalence across ADHD studies might have contributed to inconsistencies in ADHD literature. Contrasted with findings for reward-processing in SUD literature, results potentially suggest distinct underlying mechanisms for SUD subgroups with different characteristics, like antisocial/psychopathic traits.
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27
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Yang X, Meng YJ, Tao YJ, Deng RH, Wang HY, Li XJ, Wei W, Hua Y, Wang Q, Deng W, Zhao LS, Ma XH, Li ML, Xu JJ, Li J, Liu YS, Tang Z, Du XD, Coid JW, Greenshaw AJ, Li T, Guo WJ. Functional Connectivity of Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex With Other Brain Regions During Early-Abstinence Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Relapse: A Resting-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:609458. [PMID: 33584384 PMCID: PMC7876376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.609458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic recurrent brain disease that causes a heavy disease burden worldwide, partly due to high relapse rates after detoxification. Verified biomarkers are not available for AD and its relapse, although the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may play important roles in the mechanism of addiction. This study investigated AD- and relapse-associated functional connectivity (FC) of the NAc and mPFC with other brain regions during early abstinence. Methods: Sixty-eight hospitalized early-abstinence AD male patients and 68 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-functional magnetic resonance imaging (r-fMRI). Using the NAc and mPFC as seeds, we calculated changes in FC between the seeds and other brain regions. Over a follow-up period of 6 months, patients were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scale to identify relapse outcomes (AUDIT ≥ 8). Results: Thirty-five (52.24%) of the AD patients relapsed during the follow-up period. AD displayed lower FC of the left fusiform, bilateral temporal superior and right postcentral regions with the NAc and lower FC of the right temporal inferior, bilateral temporal superior, and left cingulate anterior regions with the mPFC compared to controls. Among these FC changes, lower FC between the NAc and left fusiform, lower FC between the mPFC and left cingulate anterior cortex, and smoking status were independently associated with AD. Subjects in relapse exhibited lower FC of the right cingulate anterior cortex with NAc and of the left calcarine sulcus with mPFC compared to non-relapsed subjects; both of these reductions in FC independently predicted relapse. Additionally, FC between the mPFC and right frontal superior gyrus, as well as years of education, independently predicted relapse severity. Conclusion: This study found that values of FC between selected seeds (i.e., the NAc and the mPFC) and some other reward- and/or impulse-control-related brain regions were associated with AD and relapse; these FC values could be potential biomarkers of AD or for prediction of relapse. These findings may help to guide further research on the neurobiology of AD and other addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jie Tao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Hao Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Yao Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Xu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jeremy W Coid
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Impulsivity traits and neurocognitive mechanisms conferring vulnerability to substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 183:108402. [PMID: 33189766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity - the tendency to act without sufficient consideration of potential consequences in pursuit of short-term rewards - is a vulnerability marker for substance use disorders (SUD). Since impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, which encompasses trait-related characteristics and neurocognitive mechanisms, it is important to ascertain which of these aspects are significant contributors to SUD susceptibility. In this review, we discuss how different trait facets, cognitive processes and neuroimaging indices underpinning impulsivity contribute to the vulnerability to SUD. We reviewed studies that applied three different approaches that can shed light on the role of impulsivity as a precursor of substance use related problems (versus a consequence of drug effects): (1) longitudinal studies, (2) endophenotype studies including non-affected relatives of people with SUD, and (3) clinical reference groups-based comparisons, i.e., between substance use and behavioural addictive disorders. We found that, across different methodologies, the traits of non-planning impulsivity and affect-based impulsivity and the cognitive processes involved in reward-related valuation are consistent predictors of SUD vulnerability. These aspects are associated with the structure and function of the medial orbitofrontal-striatal system and hyperexcitability of dopamine receptors in this network. The field still needs more theory-driven, comprehensive studies that simultaneously assess the different aspects of impulsivity in relation to harmonised SUD-related outcomes. Furthermore, future studies should investigate the impact of impulsivity-related vulnerabilities on novel patterns of substance use such as new tobacco and cannabinoid products, and the moderating impact of changes in social norms and lifestyles on the link between impulsivity and SUD. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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29
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The associations of comorbid substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions with adolescent brain structure and function: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Short term effects of the REAL media e-learning media literacy substance prevention curriculum: An RCT of adolescents disseminated through a community organization. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 214:108170. [PMID: 32693198 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of testing an e-learning program to reduce adolescent substance use and abuse. Early initiation of substance use is linked to a variety of negative outcomes, thus effective intervention programs are needed. One approach is to use media literacy to capitalize on adolescents' immersion with media in a variety of forms. We developed, implemented, and tested an engaging substance use prevention program by collaborating with a youth-oriented community partner (4-H). METHODS 639 middle adolescents from nine U.S. states participated in an RCT of REAL media. Participants completed a series of online surveys and were randomized to use an online substance prevention program (REAL media) or serve as control (delayed program use). Self-report surveys were administered at three points in time. This short-term evaluation uses data from the pretest (Time 1) and short-term posttest three-month surveys, which measured demographics, self-efficacy to counterargue, and injunctive and descriptive substance use norms. RESULTS Participants who completed the REAL media program reported increased self-efficacy to counterargue and decreased positive injunctive norms compared to control participants who did not complete the program. No significant differences were observed for descriptive norms. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the REAL media program in changing key predictors of youth substance use demonstrating (1) the efficacy of media literacy interventions targeting adolescents and (2) that e-learning substance use prevention efforts can be adapted for and implemented through community organizations.
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31
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Demidenko MI, Huntley ED, Jahn A, Thomason ME, Monk CS, Keating DP. Cortical and subcortical response to the anticipation of reward in high and average/low risk-taking adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 44:100798. [PMID: 32479377 PMCID: PMC7262007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first neurodevelopmental models that sought to explain the influx of risky behaviors during adolescence were proposed, there have been a number of revisions, variations and criticisms. Despite providing a strong multi-disciplinary heuristic to explain the development of risk behavior, extant models have not yet reliably isolated neural systems that underlie risk behaviors in adolescence. To address this gap, we screened 2017 adolescents from an ongoing longitudinal study that assessed 15-health risk behaviors, targeting 104 adolescents (Age Range: 17-to-21.4), characterized as high-or-average/low risk-taking. Participants completed the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) fMRI task, examining reward anticipation to "big win" versus "neutral". We examined neural response variation associated with both baseline and longitudinal (multi-wave) risk classifications. Analyses included examination of a priori regions of interest (ROIs); and exploratory non-parametric, whole-brain analyses. Hypothesis-driven ROI analysis revealed no significant differences between high- and average/low-risk profiles using either baseline or multi-wave classification. Results of whole-brain analyses differed according to whether risk assessment was based on baseline or multi-wave data. Despite significant mean-level task activation, these results do not generalize prior neural substrates implicated in reward anticipation and adolescent risk-taking. Further, these data indicate that whole-brain differences may depend on how risk-behavior profiles are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward D Huntley
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Andrew Jahn
- The Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone, New York, United States
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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32
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Zhukovsky P, Morein‐Zamir S, Meng C, Dalley JW, Ersche KD. Network failures: When incentives trigger impulsive responses. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2216-2228. [PMID: 32150321 PMCID: PMC7267965 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate control of impulsive urges to act is demanded in everyday life but is impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions such as stimulant use disorder. Despite intensive research it remains unclear whether failures in impulse control are caused by impaired suppression of behavior or by the over invigoration of behavior by stimuli associated with salient incentives such as drugs, food, and money. We investigated failures in impulse control using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural correlates of premature (impulsive) responses during the anticipation phase of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in healthy controls (HC), stimulant-dependent individuals (SDIs), and their unaffected first-degree siblings (SIB). We combined task-based fMRI analyses with dynamic causal modeling to show that failures of impulse control were associated with interactions between cingulo-opercular and dorsal striatal networks regardless of group status and incentive type. We further report that group-specific incentive salience plays a critical role in modulating impulsivity in SDIs since drug-related incentives specifically increased premature responding and shifted task modulation away from the dorsal striatal network to the cingulo-opercular network. Our findings thus indicate that impulsive actions are elicited by salient personally-relevant incentive stimuli and those such slips of action recruit a distinct fronto-striatal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Chun Meng
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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33
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Colaizzi JM, Flagel SB, Joyner MA, Gearhardt AN, Stewart JL, Paulus MP. Mapping sign-tracking and goal-tracking onto human behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 111:84-94. [PMID: 31972203 PMCID: PMC8087151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As evidenced through classic Pavlovian learning mechanisms, environmental cues can become incentivized and influence behavior. These stimulus-outcome associations are relevant in everyday life but may be particularly important for the development of impulse control disorders including addiction. Rodent studies have elucidated specific learning profiles termed 'sign-tracking' and 'goal-tracking' which map onto individual differences in impulsivity and other behaviors associated with impulse control disorders' etiology, course, and relapse. Whereas goal-trackers are biased toward the outcome, sign-trackers fixate on features that are associated with but not necessary for achieving an outcome; a pattern of behavior that often leads to escalation of reward-seeking that can be maladaptive. The vast majority of the sign- and goal-tracking research has been conducted using rodent models and very few have bridged this concept into the domain of human behavior. In this review, we discuss the attributes of sign- and goal-tracking profiles, how these are manifested neurobiologically, and how these distinct learning styles could be an important tool for clinical interventions in human addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Colaizzi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Shelly B Flagel
- University of Michigan Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, 205 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michelle A Joyner
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, USA
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34
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Langenecker SA, Kling LR, Crane NA, Gorka SM, Nusslock R, Damme KSF, Weafer J, de Wit H, Phan KL. Anticipation of monetary reward in amygdala, insula, caudate are predictors of pleasure sensitivity to d-Amphetamine administration. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107725. [PMID: 31757518 PMCID: PMC6980714 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction and dependence continue as an unresolved source of morbidity and mortality. Two approaches to identifying risk for abuse and addiction are psychopharmacological challenge studies and neuroimaging experiments. The present study combined these two approaches by examining associations between self-reported euphoria or liking after a dose of d-amphetamine and neural-based responses to anticipation of a monetary reward. METHODS Healthy young adults (N = 73) aged 19 and 26, without any history of alcohol/substance dependence completed four laboratory sessions in which they received oral d-amphetamine (20 mg) or placebo, and completed drug effect questionnaires. On a separate session they underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while they completed a monetary incentive delay task. During the task, we recorded neural signal related to anticipation of winning $5 or $1.50 compared to winning no money (WinMoney-WinZero), in reward related regions. RESULTS Liking of amphetamine during the drug sessions was related to differences in activation during the WinMoney-WinZero conditions - in the amygdala (positive), insula (negative) and caudate (negative). In posthoc analyses, liking of amphetamine was also positively correlated with activation of the amygdala during anticipation of large rewards and negatively related to activation of the left insula to both small and large anticipated rewards. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individual differences in key regions of the reward network are related to rewarding subjective effects of a stimulant drug. To further clarify these relationships, future pharmacofMRI studies could probe the influence of amphetamine at the neural level during reward anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Leah R Kling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Billings Hospital, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S Damen Ave, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, OSU Harding Hospital, 1670 Upham Drive, Suite 130, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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