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Sun C, Wang X, Qiao X. Multimedia fate simulation of mercury in a coastal urban area based on the fugacity/aquivalence method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170084. [PMID: 38224886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to intensive industrial production and living activities, urban areas are the main anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission sources. After entering the environment through exhaust gases, wastewater or waste residues, Hg can migrate and transform among different environmental compartments in various species, such as elemental mercury (Hg0), divalent mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg). Studies have yet to report on the multimedia behaviors of Hg in urban areas due to the complexity of the processes involved. In this study, the atmospheric Hg emission in Dalian, a coastal city in Northeast China, was estimated by an anthropogenic emission inventory, and a Level III multimedia model was constructed based on the fugacity/aquivalence method to simulate the fate of Hg in air, water, soil, sediment, vegetation and film. The total annual atmospheric emission was 9.91 t, of which coal combustion and non-coal sources accounted for 70.1 % and 29.9 %, respectively. Atmospheric emission and advection were dominated by Hg0, and aquatic emission and advection were dominated by Hg2+. The migration of air-vegetation, vegetation-soil and soil-air were three important pathways of Hg in urban areas. The model was validated by collecting local soil and vegetation samples and regional air, seawater and sediment monitoring data. The scenario simulation indicated that the local load would decrease to different extents with a 21.0 % reduction in atmospheric Hg emission by implementing the "coal-to-gas" measures. Our developed model can characterize the fate of Hg in coastal urban areas and provide a reference for control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Calgaro L, Giubilato E, Lamon L, Calore F, Semenzin E, Marcomini A. Emissions of pharmaceuticals and plant protection products to the lagoon of Venice: development of a new emission inventory. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117153. [PMID: 36603246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Estimating the emissions of chemical pollutants to water is a fundamental step for the development and application of effective and sustainable management strategies of water resources, but methods applied so far to build chemicals inventories at the European or national scale show several limitations when applied at the local scale. The issue is particularly relevant when considering contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), whose environmental releases and occurrence are still poorly studied and understood. In this work, an approach to estimate water emissions of nine active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and ten most applied plant protection products (PPPs) is presented, considering proxy indicators (e.g., sales data and census information). The application area is the lagoon of Venice (Italy), a complex transitional environment highly influenced by anthropic pressures (e.g., agricultural and industrial activities, animal breeding, and wastewater discharge). The presented approach can be tailored to the information available for any local scale case study. Data on annual regional sales of PPPs and APIs were integrated with georeferenced demographic and economic statistics (such as census and land-use information) to estimate chemicals emissions to surface water and groundwater. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis identified the main factors affecting emissions estimates, and those contributing more significantly to results uncertainty. Results showed the highest estimated emissions of APIs for antibiotics (i.e., amoxicillin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin) used for humans and animals, while most of hormones' emission (i.e., 17- α-ethinylestradiol and 17-β-estradiol) derived from animal breeding. Regarding PPPs, glyphosate and imidacloprid emissions were one to two orders of magnitude higher compared to the other chemicals. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis showed that the variability of each parameter used to estimate emissions depends greatly both on the target chemical and the specific emission source considered. Excretion rates and removal during wastewater treatment were major key parameters for all the target pharmaceutical compounds, while for PPPs the key parameter was their loss into the natural waters after application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Lara Lamon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Francesco Calore
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
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Pizzini S, Morabito E, Gregoris E, Vecchiato M, Corami F, Piazza R, Gambaro A. Occurrence and source apportionment of organic pollutants in deep sediment cores of the Venice Lagoon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112053. [PMID: 33548807 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, recent and aged inputs of five classes of organic contaminants (i.e. PCBs, OCPs, PCDD/Fs, PAHs, and n-Alkanes) were evaluated in eight deep sediment cores of the Venice Lagoon, collected along the path of a new waterway whose excavation is under evaluation by local authorities, to assess the environmental quality status of the area. Diagnostic indices were calculated for identifying pollutant distribution patterns and their major emission sources, whose relative contribution was quantified by a Positive Matrix Factorization source apportionment model. Sedimentary depth profiles highlighted higher contamination in the top layer, mainly related to ship traffic combustion and vehicular/industrial emissions from the mainland. Nevertheless, a significant level of pollution has been detected also in the deeper layers, probably due to the transport of particulate matter through the aquifers underlying the lagoon seabed. The results underlined the threat posed by the possible resuspension of pollutants in the water column during contaminated sediment dredging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155 - 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
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Rosati G, Solidoro C, Canu D. Mercury dynamics in a changing coastal area over industrial and postindustrial phases: Lessons from the Venice Lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140586. [PMID: 32659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the industrial period, significant amounts of mercury (Hg) were discharged into the Venice Lagoon. Here, a spatially explicit model was implemented to reconstruct the temporal evolution of the total mercury (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHgT) concentrations in lagoon water and sediments over two centuries (1900-2100), from preindustrial to postindustrial phases. The model simulates the transport and transformations of particulate and dissolved Hg species. It is forced with time-variable Hg inputs and environmental conditions, including scenarios of future atmospheric deposition, reconstructed according to local and global socioeconomic scenarios. Since 1900, ~36 Mg of HgT and ~380 kg of MeHgT were delivered to the lagoon, and stored in the sediments. The deposition of Hg from the water to the seafloor increased during a period of eutrophication (1980s); however, the reverse fluxes increased during a period of high sediment resuspension caused by the unregulated fishing of Manila clams (1990s). In the current postindustrial phase, the lagoon sediments have acted as a secondary source to the lagoon waters, delivering Hg (~38 kg y-1) and MeHg (~0.07 kg y-1). The MeHg inputs from the watershed (~0.28 kg y-1) appear to be higher than the secondary fluxes from the sediments. The estimated HgT export to the Adriatic Sea is ~56 kg y-1. Since HgT and MeHgT outputs slightly exceed inputs, the concentrations are slowly decreasing. While the decreasing trend is maintained in all scenarios, the future level of atmospheric deposition will affect Hg concentrations and sediment recovery times. Though limited by inherent simplifications, this work results show that the reconstruction of historical dynamics using a holistic approach, supported by data, can improve our understanding of the pollutants distribution and the quantification of local emissions. Downscaling from trends predicted at the global scale taking into account for regional differences seems useful to investigate the pollutants fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Rosati
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Solidoro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Donata Canu
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
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Morabito E, Radaelli M, Corami F, Turetta C, Toscano G, Capodaglio G. Temporal evolution of cadmium, copper and lead concentration in the Venice Lagoon water in relation with the speciation and dissolved/particulate partition. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:884-892. [PMID: 29106942 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the role of sediment re-suspension and deposition versus the role of organic complexation, we investigated the speciation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in samples collected in the Venice Lagoon during several campaigns from 1992 to 2006. The increment in Cd and Pb concentration in the dissolved phases, observed in the central and northern basins, can be linked to important alterations inside the lagoon caused by industrial and urban factors. The study focuses on metal partition between dissolved and particulate phases. The analyses carried out in different sites illustrate the complex role of organic matter in the sedimentation process. While Cd concentration in sediments can be correlated with organic matter, no such correlation can be established in the case of Pb, whose particulate concentration is related only to the dissolved concentration. In the case of Cu, the role of organic complexation remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes National Research Council of Italy, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes National Research Council of Italy, IDPA-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, VE, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Toscano
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capodaglio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172 Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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6
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Giubilato E, Radomyski A, Critto A, Ciffroy P, Brochot C, Pizzol L, Marcomini A. Modelling ecological and human exposure to POPs in Venice lagoon. Part I - Application of MERLIN-Expo tool for integrated exposure assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:961-976. [PMID: 27178754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giubilato
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Artur Radomyski
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Andrea Critto
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Philippe Ciffroy
- Electricité de France (EDF) R&D, National Hydraulic and Environment Laboratory, 6 quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Lisa Pizzol
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Via Torino 155, Mestre, 30172 Venezia, Italy.
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7
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Mendez A, Ng CA, Torres JPM, Bastos W, Bogdal C, Dos Reis GA, Hungerbuehler K. Modeling the dynamics of DDT in a remote tropical floodplain: indications of post-ban use? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10317-10334. [PMID: 26503006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the fate and transport of persistent organic pollutants like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in tropical environments. In Brazil, indoor residual spraying with DDT to combat malaria and leishmaniasis began in the 1950s and was banned in 1998. Nonetheless, high concentrations of DDT and its metabolites were recently detected in human breast milk in the community of Lake Puruzinho in the Brazilian Amazon. In this work, we couple analysis of soils and sediments from 2005 to 2014 at Puruzinho with a novel dynamic floodplain model to investigate the movement and distribution of DDT and its transformation products (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) and implications for human exposure. The model results are in good agreement with the accumulation pattern observed in the measurements, in which DDT, DDE, and DDD (collectively, DDX) accumulate primarily in upland soils and sediments. However, a significant increase was observed in DDX concentrations in soil samples from 2005 to 2014, coupled with a decrease of DDT/DDE ratios, which do not agree with model results assuming a post-ban regime. These observations strongly suggest recent use. We used the model to investigate possible re-emissions after the ban through two scenarios: one assuming DDT use for IRS and the other assuming use against termites and leishmaniasis. Median DDX concentrations and p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratios from both of these scenarios agreed with measurements in soils, suggesting that the soil parameterization in our model was appropriate. Measured DDX concentrations in sediments were between the two re-emission scenarios. Therefore, both soil and sediment comparisons suggest re-emissions indeed occurred between 2005 and 2014, but additional measurements would be needed to better understand the actual re-emission patterns. Monte Carlo analysis revealed model predictions for sediments were very sensitive to highly uncertain parameters associated with DDT degradation and partitioning. With this model as a tool for understanding inter-media cycling, additional research to refine these parameters would improve our understanding of DDX fate and transport in tropical sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelle Mendez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carla A Ng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Wanderley Bastos
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Christian Bogdal
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Konrad Hungerbuehler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Losasso C, Bille L, Patuzzi I, Lorenzetto M, Binato G, Dalla Pozza M, Ferrè N, Ricci A. Possible influence of natural events on heavy metals exposure from shellfish consumption: a case study in the north-East of Italy. Front Public Health 2015; 3:21. [PMID: 25699249 PMCID: PMC4316607 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was the estimation of the exposure over time to heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, and lead) due to shellfish consumption in the Veneto Region, Italy. Shellfish consumption was investigated by a food frequency consumption survey. Altogether, 1949 households, stratified into the five most populated areas of the Veneto Region, were involved in the study. Exposure estimation to heavy metals was carried out taking into account the level of metal measured in samples of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus), collected in the frame of the monitoring activities of mollusk production areas of Veneto Region, between January 2007 and December 2012. A general high contribution of the considered shellfish to the Tolerable Weekly Intake was noticed in the case of cadmium, especially in 2011, when a considerable increase in cadmium intake was estimated. This was probably due to a heavy rainfall event that triggered catastrophic flooding with high impact on shellfish capture areas in November 2010. The results strongly emphasize the importance of dealing with food safety in a holistic way, taking into account the potential impact of extraordinary natural events on food chain contamination, in order to identify food hazards at an early stage, before developing into a real risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Bille
- Laboratory of Epidemiology of Water Environment, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Monica Lorenzetto
- GIS Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Dalla Pozza
- Laboratory of Epidemiology of Water Environment, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrè
- GIS Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Valle Junior RF, Varandas SGP, Sanches Fernandes LF, Pacheco FAL. Groundwater quality in rural watersheds with environmental land use conflicts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:812-827. [PMID: 25000577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The quality of groundwater was evaluated in a rural watershed of northern Portugal (River Sordo basin) where environmental land use conflicts have developed in the course of a progressive invasion of forest and pasture lands by agriculture, especially by vineyards. The selected groundwater quality parameters were the concentrations of sodium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride and nitrates, derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. The environmental land use conflicts were revealed by the coupling of land use and land capability raster maps. The land capability evaluation allocated 70.3% of the basin to the practicing of agriculture, 20% to livestock pasturing and 9.7% to a mosaic of land uses including agriculture, livestock pasturing and forestry. The assessment of land use conflicts allocated 93.9% of the basin to no conflict areas. Minor conflict areas (4.1%) were found concentrated in the western region of the watershed. They correspond to an invasion of farmlands towards sectors of the catchment capable for the practicing of livestock pasturing. Moderate (1.6%) and major (0.4%) conflict areas were found limited to the eastern region, matching steep hillsides capable for the practicing of livestock pasturing or forestry but presently occupied with vineyards. The spatial distributions of ion concentrations were generally justified by common geochemical processes. The dominance of high concentration levels in moderate and major conflict areas was justified within the framework of nutrient dynamics in vineyard environment. Nitrate in groundwater was likewise produced via the nitrification of N-fertilizers. Apparently, this process promoted the weathering of plagioclase by the nitric acid reaction, in concurrence with the weathering by the carbonic acid reaction. The impact of nitrification was found more important in moderate and major conflict areas, relative to no conflict areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Valle Junior
- IFTM - Instituto Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Campus Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - S G P Varandas
- CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L F Sanches Fernandes
- CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F A L Pacheco
- DG-CQVR-UTAD - Department of Geology and Chemistry Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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10
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Romano S, Langone L, Frignani M, Albertazzi S, Focaccia P, Bellucci LG, Ravaioli M. Historical pattern and mass balance of trace metals in sediments of the northwestern Adriatic Sea Shelf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:32-41. [PMID: 24119313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of the recent action in Marine Strategy Framework Directive, reconstructing the history of anthropogenic metal inputs and calculating the budgets for the northwestern part of the Italian Adriatic basin can provide a benchmark for comparison with new evidences and enlighten recent environmental changes. Among the metals, the attention was focused on Pb and Zn, as they provide the most significant anthropogenic signals. In 1988, areal distributions clearly identified the Po, Adige and Brenta rivers as the main sources of contaminants. The study area was divided in three compartments. The area in front of the Po delta represented a sink for metals but the accumulation of Zn and Pb integrated over the entire study area suggests an effective export throughout southern boundary. Most concentration-depth/year profiles in cores showed an upward increase from the Italian Unification (1861), with a still significant anthropogenic supply at the time of sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Romano
- CNR - Istituto di Scienze Marine, UOS Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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11
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Giuliani S, Piazza R, Bellucci LG, Cu NH, Vecchiato M, Romano S, Mugnai C, Nhon DH, Frignani M. PCBs in Central Vietnam coastal lagoons: levels and trends in dynamic environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:1013-1024. [PMID: 21397915 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PCBs were analysed in surficial sediments and selected sediment cores collected between 2002 and 2008 in Central Vietnam coastal lagoons. The aim was to determine contamination levels and trends, and to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures and natural events. Samples were mostly fine-grained with low total PCB concentrations (0.367-44.7 μg kg(-1)). Atmospheric transport and post depositional processes modify to some degree the fingerprint of PCB inputs to the environment favouring the predominance of 3, 4 and 5 chlorinated congeners. The similarity of congener distributions in contemporary surficial samples also suggests the presence of a unique source over the entire study area, probably connected to mobilisation and long range transports from land-based stocks. The removal of consistent sediment layers is hypothesised based on repeated samplings of the same area. Natural meteorological events (such as typhoons) are suspected to be responsible for these sediment losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giuliani
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze Marine, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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