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Steppe L, Megafu M, Tschaffon-Müller ME, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Fracture healing research: Recent insights. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101686. [PMID: 38163010 PMCID: PMC10757288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone has the rare capability of scarless regeneration that enables the complete restoration of the injured bone area. In recent decades, promising new technologies have emerged from basic, translational and clinical research for fracture treatment; however, 5-10 % of all bone fractures still fail to heal successfully or heal in a delayed manner. Several comorbidities and risk factors have been identified which impair bone healing and might lead to delayed bone union or non-union. Therefore, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of successful and delayed fracture healing to gain further insights into this complex process. One focus of recent research is to investigate the complex interactions of different cell types and the action of progenitor cells during the healing process. Of particular interest is also the identification of patient-specific comorbidities and how these affect fracture healing. In this review, we discuss the recent knowledge about progenitor cells for long bone repair and the influence of comorbidities such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and chronic stress on the healing process. The topic selection for this review was made based on the presented studies at the 2022 annual meeting of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) in Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Megafu
- A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | | | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Germany
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Esfarjani SV, Zamani M, Ashrafizadeh SS, Zamani M. Association between lifestyle and height growth in high school students. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:3279-3284. [PMID: 38361874 PMCID: PMC10866238 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An important indicator that plays a pivotal role in examining the health of individuals living in a community is their height. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lifestyle and height among female high school students in Dezful, Iran. Methods This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Participants included 351 female high school students who were selected from public and private high schools in Dezful using random cluster sampling. Miller-Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory was used to collect data about students' lifestyles, and their height was measured based on self-report. Results The total lifestyle score of the study participants was 52.23 ± 11.31. Also, 30.2%, 67.2%, and 2.6% of the students had high, moderate, and low lifestyle scores, respectively. A negative and significant relationship was observed between the total score of lifestyle and its components, that is, nutrition, sleep, exercise, and mental stress, and the height growth of female high school students in Dezful (P < 0.05) according to Pearson's correlation. Results of regression analysis showed that the total lifestyle score and its components could significantly predict the height growth of students. Conclusion Our results are indicative of the relationship between lifestyle and its components with height growth among female high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Vaziri Esfarjani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marjan Zamani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Soraya Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ortiz-Hernandez L, Miranda-Quezada IP. Differences in Body Weight According to Skin Color and Sex in Mexican Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01829-6. [PMID: 37855997 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To analyze the differences in body weight according to skin color in Mexican adults. 2) Identify mediator variables that could explain possible differences in body weight according to skin color. METHODS A nationally representative survey of Mexican adults was analyzed (n = 12,021). People with obesity were identified (body mass index, BMI > 30) based on self-reported weight and height. Skin color was measured by self-report using a chromatic scale. The mediator variables were socioeconomic level, height, neighborhood public services, public safety, and discrimination based on skin color. RESULTS Compared to white-skinned women, brown-skinned women had higher BMI and a higher probability of being obese. These differences in weight by skin color are related to the lower level of education and more discrimination experiences of brown-skinned women. In men, there were no differences in weight according to skin color. CONCLUSIONS In Mexican women (but not in men), darker skin color was associated with a higher probability of being obese, and the examined social factors partially explained this disparity.
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Rangel-Baltazar E, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Cuevas-Nasu L, Shamah-Levy T, Méndez-Gómez-Humarán I, Rivera JA. Short Stature Modifies the Waist-to-height Ratio cut-off Points as an Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk in Mexican Adult Women and Men. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102839. [PMID: 37385046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is one of the anthropometric measures associated with cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, WHtR cut-off points may vary depending according to population characteristics, including sex and height. OBJECTIVE To identify optimal WHtR cut-off points to predict CVR factors by sex in Mexican adults according to height. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information from adults >20 years (n = 3550) from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. Prevalence of high WHtR, CVR factors (glucose and insulin, lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) and blood pressure were estimated by sex and height (short height <1.60 and <1.50 m in men and women, respectively). The maximum proximity procedure was used to establish the point of maximum simultaneous sensitivity and specificity using the operating characteristic curve of the receiver. The estimates were stratified by sex and height condition. RESULTS The WHtR cut-off points identified to predict CVR were higher than those suggested for international use (≥0.5), being significantly higher (p <0.0001) for women (0.61) than for men (0.56). Also, the WHtR cut-off points were higher for short stature (men 0.58 and 0.56, women 0.63 and 0.58, with short and normal stature, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The WHtR cut-off points for predicting CVR in the Mexican population were higher than 0.5 in both sexes and it was higher for individuals with short stature. The identified cut-off points may be an additional tool in screening the adult population in Mexico to predict CVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rangel-Baltazar
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lucia Cuevas-Nasu
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Evaluation and Surveys Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Tschaffon-Müller MEA, Kempter E, Steppe L, Kupfer S, Kuhn MR, Gebhard F, Pankratz C, Kalbitz M, Schütze K, Gündel H, Kaleck N, Strauß G, Vacher J, Ichinose H, Weimer K, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Reber SO. Neutrophil-derived catecholamines mediate negative stress effects on bone. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3262. [PMID: 37277336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental traumatization is associated with long-bone growth retardation, osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. We revealed earlier that mental trauma disturbs cartilage-to-bone transition during bone growth and repair in mice. Trauma increased tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neutrophils in bone marrow and fracture callus. Here we show that tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the fracture hematoma of patients correlates positively with acknowledged stress, depression, and pain scores as well as individual ratings of healing-impairment and pain-perception post-fracture. Moreover, mice lacking tyrosine hydroxylase in myeloid cells are protected from chronic psychosocial stress-induced disturbance of bone growth and healing. Chondrocyte-specific β2-adrenoceptor-deficient mice are also protected from stress-induced bone growth retardation. In summary, our preclinical data identify locally secreted catecholamines in concert with β2-adrenoceptor signalling in chondrocytes as mediators of negative stress effects on bone growth and repair. Given our clinical data, these mechanistic insights seem to be of strong translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Steppe
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Kupfer
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie R Kuhn
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlos Pankratz
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konrad Schütze
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nele Kaleck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun Strauß
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jean Vacher
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherche Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, H2W 1R7, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katja Weimer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Bann D, Wright L, Davies NM, Moulton V. Weakening of the cognition and height association from 1957 to 2018: Findings from four British birth cohort studies. eLife 2023; 12:e81099. [PMID: 37022953 PMCID: PMC10079289 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Taller individuals have been repeatedly found to have higher scores on cognitive assessments. Recent studies have suggested that this association can be explained by genetic factors, yet this does not preclude the influence of environmental or social factors that may change over time. We thus tested whether the association changed across time using data from four British birth cohorts (born in 1946, 1958, 1970, and 2001). Methods In each cohort height was measured and cognition via verbal reasoning, vocabulary/comprehension, and mathematical tests; at ages 10/11 and 14/17 years (N=41,418). We examined associations between height and cognition at each age, separately in each cohort, and for each cognitive test administered. Linear and quantile regression models were used. Results Taller participants had higher mean cognitive assessment scores in childhood and adolescence, yet the associations were weaker in later (1970 and 2001) cohorts. For example, the mean difference in height comparing the highest with lowest verbal cognition scores at 10/11 years was 0.57 SD (95% CI = 0.44-0.70) in the 1946 cohort, yet 0.30 SD (0.23-0.37) in the 2001 cohort. Expressed alternatively, there was a reduction in correlation from 0.17 (0.15-0.20) to 0.08 (0.06-0.10). This pattern of change in the association was observed across all ages and cognition measures used, was robust to adjustment for social class and parental height, and modeling of plausible missing-not-at-random scenarios. Quantile regression analyses suggested that these differences were driven by differences in the lower centiles of height, where environmental influence may be greatest. Conclusions Associations between height and cognitive assessment scores in childhood-adolescence substantially weakened from 1957-2018. These results support the notion that environmental and social change can markedly weaken associations between cognition and other traits. Funding DB is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/M001660/1); DB and LW by the Medical Research Council (MR/V002147/1). The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the University of Bristol support the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [MC_UU_00011/1]. NMD is supported by an Norwegian Research Council Grant number 295989. VM is supported by the CLOSER Innovation Fund WP19 which is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (award reference: ES/K000357/1) and Economic and Social Research Council (ES/M001660/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil M Davies
- MRC IEU, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Vanessa Moulton
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Eichelberger DA, Sticca F, Kübler DR, Kakebeeke TH, Caflisch JA, Jenni OG, Wehrle FM. Stability of mental abilities and physical growth from 6 months to 65 years: Findings from the Zurich Longitudinal Studies. INTELLIGENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Risk factors for stroke among anthropometric indices and lipid profiles in the Korean population: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2948. [PMID: 36804446 PMCID: PMC9941581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is strongly associated with death and disability. However, the associations between stroke and lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and red blood cells (RBCs) and anthropometric indices such as waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate these relationships in a Korean population. This large-scale cross-sectional study included data from 38,190 subjects collected from 2010 to 2018 by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Simple logistic regression models and multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of stroke with lipid profiles and anthropometric indices in the crude model, adjusted Model 1, and fully adjusted Model 2. In men, stroke was negatively associated with height, weight, and hematocrit level. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were strongly negatively associated with stroke in Model 2. Creatinine level and stroke were weakly associated. Additionally, height, weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and hematocrit and creatinine levels were associated with stroke both before and after adjustment. In women, in Model 2, stroke was positively associated with height, weight, and creatinine level. A strong negative association was found between total cholesterol and stroke. Stroke was negatively associated with hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, and RBCs. Additionally, total cholesterol, hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, creatinine level, and RBCs were associated with stroke both before and after adjustment. Weight and height were more closely associated with stroke than waist circumference and WHtR in Korean men. Our results suggested that the association of stroke with triglycerides, height, and weight differed according to sex and that HDL-C was not associated with stroke in people of either sex.
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Arjani S, Saint-Maurice PF, Julián-Serrano S, Eibl G, Stolzenberg-Solomon R. Body Mass Index Trajectories Across the Adult Life Course and Pancreatic Cancer Risk. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:6762867. [PMID: 36255251 PMCID: PMC9651977 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) during adulthood has been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), however, patterns of body size across the adult life course have not been studied extensively. We comprehensively evaluated the association between adiposity across adulthood and PDAC. METHODS We conducted a prospective analysis of 269 480 (162 735 males, 106 745 females) National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study participants, aged 50-71 years (1995-1996) who self-reported height and weight history. Participants were followed through December 31, 2011. We examined associations between BMI (kg/m2) at ages 18, 35, 50, and 50-71 (baseline) years, their trajectories determined from latent-class trajectory modeling, and incident PDAC. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate multivariable adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During up to 15.2 years of follow-up, 3092 (2020 males, 1072 females) patients with incident PDAC were identified. BMI at all 4 ages were statistically significantly associated with increased PDAC (per 5-unit increase, HR = 1.09-1.13) with higher magnitude associations in males than females at ages 35 years and older (Pinteraction < .05). Four BMI trajectories were created. Compared with normal-weight maintainers, normal-to-overweight, normal-to-obese class I, and overweight-to-obese class III trajectories had hazard ratios of 1.15 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.25), 1.39 (95% CI = 1.25 to 1.54), and 1.48 (95% CI = 1.18 to 1.87), respectively (Pinteraction by sex = .07). CONCLUSIONS High BMI and BMI trajectories that result in overweight or obesity during adulthood were positively associated with PDAC, with stronger associations among those with early onset adiposity and those with male sex. Avoidance of excess body weight throughout the adult life course may prevent PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Arjani
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA,Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sachelly Julián-Serrano
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA,Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Correspondence to: Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, RD, MPH, PhD, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, 9609 Medical Center Drive, NCI Shady Grove, Room 6E420, Rockville, MD 20850, USA (e-mail: )
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Socioeconomic factors and intergenerational differences in height of Portuguese adults born in 1990: results from the EPITeen cohort. J Biosoc Sci 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36217724 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Average adult height is an indicator of population health and a marker of socioeconomic inequalities. This study aimed to assess how socioeconomic differences affect intergenerational height increase between adults born in 1990 and their parents. Data from a population-based cohort of subjects born in 1990 (EPITeen) were analysed. Participants' adult height was objectively measured. Parental height, education, and occupation were reported by the parents. The height difference between daughters and their mothers (n=707), and sons and their fathers (n=647) was calculated. A generalised linear model was used to assess the association between parental education and occupation, separately, and the intergenerational height difference, adjusted for maternal age at birth, smoking during pregnancy, birthweight adjusted for gestational age, and birth order. Females were on average 1.46cm (SD=6.62) taller than their mothers, and males 3.00cm (SD=7.26) taller than their fathers. The highest height gain was shown in those with less advantaged socioeconomic background. In the adjusted model, sons whose mothers had 0-6 years of education grew 3.9cm taller (β=3.894; 95%CI:2.345;5.443) and daughters 1.5cm taller (β=1.529; 95%CI:0.180;2.878) (compared to >12y maternal education); for paternal education, sons and daughters grew 3.5cm (β=3.480; 95%CI:1.913;5.047) and 1.9cm taller (β=1.895; 95%CI:0.526;3.265), respectively. A higher height increase was found in participants with less advantaged maternal and paternal occupational level. Adults born in 1990 are taller than their parents, and height gain was higher in males than females. Adults from a lower socioeconomic status experienced the highest height gain, suggesting a reduction in height inequality.
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A multi-population phenome-wide association study of genetically-predicted height in the Million Veteran Program. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010193. [PMID: 35653334 PMCID: PMC9162317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Height has been associated with many clinical traits but whether such associations are causal versus secondary to confounding remains unclear in many cases. To systematically examine this question, we performed a Mendelian Randomization-Phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) using clinical and genetic data from a national healthcare system biobank. METHODS AND FINDINGS Analyses were performed using data from the US Veterans Affairs (VA) Million Veteran Program in non-Hispanic White (EA, n = 222,300) and non-Hispanic Black (AA, n = 58,151) adults in the US. We estimated height genetic risk based on 3290 height-associated variants from a recent European-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis. We compared associations of measured and genetically-predicted height with phenome-wide traits derived from the VA electronic health record, adjusting for age, sex, and genetic principal components. We found 345 clinical traits associated with measured height in EA and an additional 17 in AA. Of these, 127 were associated with genetically-predicted height at phenome-wide significance in EA and 2 in AA. These associations were largely independent from body mass index. We confirmed several previously described MR associations between height and cardiovascular disease traits such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), and atrial fibrillation, and further uncovered MR associations with venous circulatory disorders and peripheral neuropathy in the presence and absence of diabetes. As a number of traits associated with genetically-predicted height frequently co-occur with CHD, we evaluated effect modification by CHD status of genetically-predicted height associations with risk factors for and complications of CHD. We found modification of effects of MR associations by CHD status for atrial fibrillation/flutter but not for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or venous circulatory disorders. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that height may be an unrecognized but biologically plausible risk factor for several common conditions in adults. However, more studies are needed to reliably exclude horizontal pleiotropy as a driving force behind at least some of the MR associations observed in this study.
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Ahmadian M, Ghasemi M, Nasrollahi Borujeni N, Afshan S, Fallah M, Ayaseh H, Pahlavan M, Nabavi Chashmi SM, Haeri T, Imani F, Zahedmanesh F, Akbari A, Nasiri K, Dabidi Roshan V. Does wearing a mask while exercising amid COVID-19 pandemic affect hemodynamic and hematologic function among healthy individuals? Implications of mask modality, sex, and exercise intensity. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:257-268. [PMID: 33902400 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1922947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated how wearing a mask - and its modality (surgical vs. N95) - affect hemodynamic and hematologic function in males and females across two exercise intensities (submaximal (SUB) and maximal (MAX)). METHODS 144 individuals participated in the present study and were randomly allocated to three mask groups of 48 (N95, SURGICAL, and NO MASK) with two exercise subgroups for each mask group (MAX, n = 24; SUB, n = 24) for both sexes. Participants in each experimental group (N95SUB, N95MAX; SURSUB, SURMAX; SUB, MAX) were assessed for their hemodynamic and hematologic function at baseline and during recovery after exercise. RESULTS No significant differences were noted for either hemodynamic or hematologic function at post-exercise as compared to baseline with regard to mask modality (P > 0.05). Heart rate (HR) for maximal intensity were significantly greater at 1 min post-exercise in N95 as compared to SURGICAL (P < 0.05). No differences were noted for hemodynamic and hematologic function with N95 and SURGICAL compared to NOMASK for either intensity (P > 0.05). Females showed significantly greater HR values at 1 min post-exercise in N95 as compared to NO MASK, but no significant differences were noted for hematological function between sexes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings show that wearing a face mask (N95/surgical) while exercising has no detrimental effects on hemodynamic/hematologic function in both males and females, and suggest that wearing a mask, particularly a surgical mask, while exercising during the ongoing pandemic is safe and poses no risk to individual's health. Future studies examining physiological responses to chronic exercise with masks are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadian
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ghasemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Afshan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fallah
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Hamed Ayaseh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pahlavan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | | | - Tahereh Haeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Imani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Foruzan Zahedmanesh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Nasiri
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.,Athletic Performance and Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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13
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Olbrich L, Kosyakova Y, Sakshaug JW. The reliability of adult self-reported height: The role of interviewers. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 45:101118. [PMID: 35286989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surveys serve as an important source of information on key anthropometric characteristics such as body height or weight in the population. Such data are often obtained by directly asking respondents to report those values. Numerous studies have examined measurement errors in this context by comparing reported to measured values. However, little is known on the role of interviewers on the prevalence of irregularities in anthropometric survey data. In this study, we explore such interviewer effects in two ways. First, we use data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to evaluate whether differences between reported and measured values are clustered within interviewers. Second, we investigate changes in adult self-reported height over survey waves in two German large-scale panel surveys. Here, we exploit that height should be constant over time for the majority of adult age groups. In both analyses, we use multilevel location-scale models to identify interviewers who enhance reporting errors and interviewers for whom unlikely height changes over waves occur frequently. Our results reveal that interviewers can play a prominent role in differences between reported and measured height values and changes in reported height over survey waves. We further provide an analysis of the consequences of height misreporting on substantive regression coefficients where we especially focus on the role of interviewers who reinforce reporting errors and unlikely height changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Olbrich
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuliya Kosyakova
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany; Otto-Friedrich University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Joseph W Sakshaug
- Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Howe LJ, Brumpton B, Rasheed H, Åsvold BO, Davey Smith G, Davies NM. Taller height and risk of coronary heart disease and cancer, a within-sibship Mendelian randomization study. eLife 2022; 11:72984. [PMID: 35302490 PMCID: PMC8947759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Taller people have a lower risk of coronary heart disease but a higher risk of many cancers. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies in unrelated individuals (population MR) have suggested that these relationships are potentially causal. However, population MR studies are sensitive to demography (population stratification, assortative mating) and familial (indirect genetic) effects. Methods: In this study, we performed within-sibship MR analyses using 78,988 siblings, a design robust against demography and indirect genetic effects of parents. For comparison, we also applied population MR and estimated associations with measured height. Results: Within-sibship MR estimated that 1 SD taller height lowers the odds of coronary heart disease by 14% (95% CI: 3–23%) but increases the odds of cancer by 18% (95% CI: 3–34%), highly consistent with population MR and height-disease association estimates. There was some evidence that taller height reduces systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which may mediate some of the protective effects of taller height on coronary heart disease risk. Conclusions: For the first time, we have demonstrated that the purported effects of height on adulthood disease risk are unlikely to be explained by demographic or familial factors, and so likely reflect an individual-level causal effect. Disentangling the mechanisms via which height affects disease risk may improve the understanding of the etiologies of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis. Funding: This project was conducted by researchers at the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011/1) and also supported by a Norwegian Research Council Grant number 295989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Howe
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Brumpton
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Martin Davies
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Das M, Verma M, Shri N, Singh M, Singh RR. Relationship between height and hypertension among women in India: Evidence from the fourth round of National Family Health Survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102384. [PMID: 35016040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertension (HTN) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially among women. Literature suggests an association between height and hypertension. We did this study to ascertain an association between hypertension and height and explore their determinants among Indian women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). METHODS We did a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16) and included 5,36,093 women between 20 and 49 years. Blood pressure and height were measured using the standard procedures. Weighted analysis was done to depict the association between the two variables. RESULTS Overall prevalence of HTN was 13.49%. We observed an inverse association between height and mean blood pressure of the women, and shorter women had a higher prevalence of HTN. The height of women was found to be associated with lower systolic blood pressure but not with diastolic blood pressure. Women's height depicted significant associations with age and other socio-economic and geographical parameters. Prevalence of HTN depicted a significant association with height and across other subgroups stratified by these parameters. CONCLUSION We observed a positive association between the systolic BP and the height of the female. Height is one of the most convenient forms of identifying target groups that should not be missed during screening women for NCDs, especially during pregnancy to prevent premature morbidity and mortality. We recommend disseminating this concept to our primary health care workers, who are also the point of first contact for early screening and halt the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Das
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India.
| | - Neha Shri
- Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Fertility and Social Demography, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India.
| | - Rajeev Ranjan Singh
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
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16
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Song W, Hu Y, Yuan J, Wei Y, Cheng Z, Liu J, Xu J, Wang X. Gender Differences Between the Phenotype of Short Stature and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869225. [PMID: 35450422 PMCID: PMC9016201 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that there are significant regional and gender differences in the association between the phenotype of short stature and diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference between the phenotype of short stature and the risk of DM in the Chinese population. METHODS The sample included 116,661 adults from 32 locations of 11 cities in China, of which the average height of men and women was 171.65 and 160.06 cm, respectively. Investigators retrospectively reviewed annual physical examination results for follow-up observations and set confirmed DM events as the outcome of interest. Multivariate Cox regression, restricted cubic spline, and piecewise regression models were used to check the association between height and DM risk. RESULTS During an average observation period of 3.1 years, there were 2,681 of 116,661 participants who developed new-onset DM, with a male to female ratio of 2.4 to 1. After full adjustment for confounders, we confirmed that there was a significant negative correlation between height and DM risk in Chinese women (HR per 10 cm increase: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.98), but not in men (HR per 10 cm increase: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.98-1.14). Additionally, through restricted cubic spline and piecewise regression analysis, we determined that the height of 157-158 cm may be the critical point for short stature used to assess the risk of DM in Chinese women. CONCLUSIONS In the Chinese population, female short stature phenotype is related to increased DM risk, among which 157-158 cm may be the saturation effect point of female short stature for predicting DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang First Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongyou Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingdong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Wang,
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Perez-Sastre MA, Ortiz-Hernandez L. Changes in blood pressure according to stature in Mexican adults. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:87. [PMID: 34878088 PMCID: PMC8647983 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.20210550032531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible existence of differences in blood pressure change over time according to stature in Mexican adults. METHODS: We analyzed the National Household Living Standards Survey databases following household members between 2005 and 2009. We selected participants who were between 20 and 40 years old (n = 7,130). We estimated multilevel models with random intercept to analyze differences in blood pressure changes according to stature. We adjusted the models for age, locality size, geographic region, per capita family income, waist-to-height ratio, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and use of antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS: In both sexes, baseline blood pressure tended to be lower as stature decreased. The differences were maintained in both the crude and adjusted models. In men, the increases in systolic pressure over time tended to be higher as stature increased. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to what studies observed in high-income countries, in Mexico blood pressure was positively associated with stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Perez-Sastre
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas y Odontológicas y de la Salud. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Ortiz-Hernandez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana unidad Xochimilco. Departamento de Atención a la Salud. Ciudad de México, México
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18
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Candela-Martínez B, Martínez-Carrión JM, Román-Cervantes C. Biological Well-Being and Inequality in Canary Islands: Lanzarote (Cohorts 1886-1982). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12843. [PMID: 34886572 PMCID: PMC8657708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Developments in anthropometric history in the Iberian Peninsula have been remarkable in recent decades. In contrast, we barely know about the behavior of insular population groups and infants' and adults' growth during the nutritional transition in the Canary Islands. This paper analyzes the height, weight and body mass index of military recruits (conscripts) in a rural municipality from the eastern Canaries during the economic modernization process throughout the 20th century. The case study (municipality of San Bartolomé (SB) in Lanzarote, the island closest to the African continent) uses anthropometric data of military recruits from 1907-2001 (cohorts from 1886 to 1982). The final sample is composed of 1921 recruits' records that were measured and weighed at the ages of 19-21 years old when adolescent growth had finished. The long-term anthropometric study is carried out using two approaches: a malnutrition and growth retardation approach and an inequality perspective. In the first one, we use the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) that is based on z-scores. In the second one, we implement several inequality dimensions such as the coefficient of variation (CV), percentiles and an analysis for height and BMI evolution by five socioeconomic categories. The data suggest that improvements in biological well-being were due to advances in nutrition since the 1960s. They show that infant nutrition is sensitively associated with economic growth and demographic and epidemiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Candela-Martínez
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Murcia University, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José M. Martínez-Carrión
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Murcia University, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Cándido Román-Cervantes
- Department of Management Business and Economic History, Faculty of Economics, University of La Laguna, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain;
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Batty GD, Gale CR. Pre-Morbid Risk Factors for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Epidemiol 2021; 13:941-947. [PMID: 34675682 PMCID: PMC8505194 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s329521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In the absence of effective treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder with high case fatality, there is a clear need to identify its primary risk factors. METHODS UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study in which baseline data were captured between 2006 and 2010 in 502,649 participants aged 37 to 73 years. Follow-up for ALS hospitalisations and death was made via national registries. RESULTS Eleven years of event surveillance gave rise to 301 hospitalisations and 279 deaths due to ALS. After adjustment for selected confounding factors, being older (hazard ratio per 10 year increase; 95% confidence interval: 1.92; 1.58, 2.33) and male (1.37; 1.00, 1.87) were associated with elevated rates of hospitalisation for ALS. Similar effects were apparent when death ascribed to the disorder was the outcome of interest. Of the remaining 23 social, biological, and behavioural risk indices, however, there was only a suggestion that taller people experienced an increased risk of hospitalisation (per SD increase: 1.31; 1.09, 1.59). CONCLUSION In the present, large-scale study, other than well known associations, we did not find convincing evidence of links with ALS for other risk indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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20
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Decker AM, Kapila YL, Wang HL. The psychobiological links between chronic stress-related diseases, periodontal/peri-implant diseases, and wound healing. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:94-106. [PMID: 34463997 PMCID: PMC8459609 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a relevant disease to periodontal practice, encompassing 25%-28% of the US population (American Psychological Association 2015). While it is well established that chronic psychologic stress can have significant deleterious systemic effects, only in recent decades have we begun to explore the biochemical, microbial, and physiologic impacts of chronic stress diseases on oral tissues. Currently, chronic stress is classified as a "risk indicator" for periodontal disease. However, as the evidence in this field matures with additional clinically controlled trials, more homogeneous data collection methods, and a better grasp of the biologic underpinnings of stress-mediated dysbiosis, emerging evidence suggests that chronic stress and related diseases (depression, anxiety) may be significant contributing factors in periodontal/peri-implant disease progression and inconsistent wound healing following periodontal-related therapeutics. Ideal solutions for these patients include classification of the disease process and de-escalation of chronic stress conditions through coping strategies. This paper also summarizes periodontal/implant-related therapeutic approaches to ensure predictable results for this specific patient subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Yang M, Deng X, Wang S, Zhou B, Niu W, Zhang Z. Identification and characterization of factors associated with short stature and pre-shortness in Chinese preschool-aged children. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:607-619. [PMID: 34010149 PMCID: PMC8240712 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify and characterize potential factors, both individually and jointly as a nomogram, associated with short stature and pre-shortness in Chinese preschool-aged children. METHODS Total of 9501 children aged 3-6 years were recruited from 30 kindergartens in Beijing and Tangshan from September to December 2020 using a stratified random sampling method. Effect-size estimates are expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI. RESULTS The prevalence of short stature and pre-shortness in preschool-aged children was 3.9% (n = 375) and 13.1% (n = 1616), respectively. Factors simultaneously associated with the significant risk for short stature, pre-shortness and both included BMI, paternal height, maternal height, birth weight, birth height, latter birth order (≥2) and less parental patience to children. Besides, breastfeeding duration (≥12 months) was exclusively associated with pre-shortness (OR, 95% CI, P: 1.16, 1.01 to 1.33, 0.037), and childhood obesity with both short stature (3.45, 2.62 to 4.54, <0.001) and short stature/pre-shortness (1.37, 1.15 to 1.64, <0.001). Modeling of significant factors in nomograms had descent prediction accuracies, with the C-index being 77.0, 70.1 and 71.2% for short stature, pre-shortness and both, respectively (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the joint contribution of inherited characteristics, nutrition status from the uterus to childhood, and family psychological environment to short stature and pre-shortness in Chinese preschool-aged children. Further validation in other independent groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Deng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to W Niu or Z Zhang: or
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- International Medical Services, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to W Niu or Z Zhang: or
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22
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Abate KH, Abdullahi M, Abdulhay F, Arage G, Mecha M, Yenuss M, Hassen H, Belachew T. Education can modify the long term impact of early childhood famine exposure on adulthood economic achievement: a historical cohort study among the survivors of the great Ethiopian famine 1983-85. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:67. [PMID: 33947464 PMCID: PMC8097899 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous famine studies reported the inverse link between early life nutritional deprivation and adulthood optimal health outcomes. However, there remain sparse data on the impact of early life famine exposure in later life economic achievement. Hence, we set out to examine the association of early life famine exposure on economic achievement among survivors of the 1983–85 great Ethiopian famine. Method A historical cohort study design was employed among 968 adult men and women in the Raya Kobo district, Northern Ethiopia. Participants were categorized into in utero exposed, postnatal exposed and unexposed groups based on self-reported age and birthdate. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and individual assets. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine wealth index as proxy for economic achievement. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent effect of early life famine exposure on the outcome. Results In unadjusted model, compared to unexposed cohorts, in utero and postnatal famine exposed cohorts were nearly twice more likely to fall in the lowest wealth category (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.64) and (OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.45, 3.08), respectively. However, these associations became non-significant when adjusted for biologic and demographic variables (P > 0.05). Instead, educational status appeared to have significant association with wealth; those who can’t read or write among in utero and postnatal exposed group were three times more likely to fall in low wealth index category than those who achieved secondary and above level of education (OR = 3.00 95% CI: 1.74, 5.18) and (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.76), respectively. Similarly, those with primary education among in uero and postnatal famine exposed cohorts were twice more likely to fall in the low wealth index than compared to those secondary and above level of education (OR = 2.04 95% CI: (1.18, 3.54) and (OR = 2.17 95% CI: 1.12, 4.22), respectively. Conclusion Education appears to be a significant independent factor to determine one’s economic achievement in the studied famine cohort. This may imply, the possible impact of early life famine exposure on economic achievement later in adult life could be modified through better education. Our findings justify the need of expanding education in hunger spots in general and in famine settings in particular. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-021-00564-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalkidan Hassen Abate
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Misra Abdullahi
- Department of Population and Family Heath, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Fedlu Abdulhay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Arage
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, DebreTabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Mecha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Yenuss
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Hassen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Selvamani Y, Arokiasamy P. Height and quality of life among older adults (50+) in India: a cross-sectional study. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:1-26. [PMID: 33849678 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adult height is a summary measure of health and net nutrition in early childhood. This study examines the association between height and quality-of-life outcomes in older adults (50+) in India. Cross-sectional data from Wave 1 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) conducted in 2007 were analysed. The association between height and quality of life was assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic and linear regression models. The mean WHO quality-of-life score (WHO-QoL) increased from 45.2 among the older adults in the lowest height quintile to 53.2 for those in the highest height quintile. However, the prevalence of self-rated poor quality of life declined from 16.4% in the lowest height quintile to 6.1% in the highest height quintile. In the fully adjusted regression model, height was found to be positively associated with quality-of-life outcomes among both men and women, independent of socioeconomic and physical health confounders. The association was particularly strong for women. Women in the highest height quintile had a 2.65 point higher WHO-QoL score than those in the lowest height quintile. Similarly, the likelihood of reporting a poor quality of life was lower among women in the highest height quintile. Furthermore, measures of economic status, handgrip strength, cognitive ability and poor self-rated health were significantly associated with WHO-QoL and self-rated poor quality of life. Overall, this study revealed a significant association between height and quality of life among older adults in India, suggesting a significant role of childhood circumstances in quality of life in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Selvamani
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
| | - P Arokiasamy
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
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24
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Seo MS, Park DK, Hwang IC, Shim JY, Ahn HY. Adult height is not associated with the risk of stomach cancer in a meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:708-714. [PMID: 32953154 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult height has been suggested as a biomarker for a wide range of diseases. However, there are epidemiologic inconsistencies regarding the association between adult height and stomach cancer risk. Methods We retrieved PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases to identify relevant studies assessing the relationship between height and risk of stomach cancer, published from inception to June 4, 2019. We pooled effect sizes for 5-cm height increments using a random-effect model and obtained the cumulative relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Additionally, we performed subgroup investigation with sensitivity analysis and tested for publication bias using the Begg rank correlation test. Results We analyzed 11 studies involving 137,451 cases. The summary of effect size (95% CI) of stomach cancer for a 5-cm-increase in adult height was 0.99 (0.95-1.02). A "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis indicated that the heterogeneity decreased by a half and the result showed significance (RR, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.948-0.997). Subgroup analyses found no significant associations, with one exception. The exception also depended entirely on one study. We found no significant publication bias (P=0.276). Conclusions Height is not associated with increased stomach cancer risk. Epidemiologic studies of potential confounders are needed to clarify the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheol Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Shim
- Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yup Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kliemann N, Murphy N, Viallon V, Freisling H, Tsilidis KK, Rinaldi S, Mancini FR, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Boeing H, Schulze MB, Masala G, Krogh V, Sacerdote C, de Magistris MS, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Weiderpass E, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Jakszyn P, Redondo-Sánchez D, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Gurrea AB, Ericson U, Drake I, Nøst TH, Aune D, May AM, Tjønneland A, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Tumino R, Quirós JR, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, La Vecchia C, Nilsson LM, Riboli E, Huybrechts I, Gunter MJ. Predicted basal metabolic rate and cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:648-661. [PMID: 31652358 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that a metabolic profile associated with obesity may be a more relevant risk factor for some cancers than adiposity per se. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is an indicator of overall body metabolism and may be a proxy for the impact of a specific metabolic profile on cancer risk. Therefore, we investigated the association of predicted BMR with incidence of 13 obesity-related cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). BMR at baseline was calculated using the WHO/FAO/UNU equations and the relationships between BMR and cancer risk were investigated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 141,295 men and 317,613 women, with a mean follow-up of 14 years were included in the analysis. Overall, higher BMR was associated with a greater risk for most cancers that have been linked with obesity. However, among normal weight participants, higher BMR was associated with elevated risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio per 1-standard deviation change in BMR [HR1-SD ]: 2.46; 95% CI 1.20; 5.03) and distal colon cancer (HR1-SD : 1.33; 95% CI 1.001; 1.77) among men and with proximal colon (HR1-SD : 1.16; 95% CI 1.01; 1.35), pancreatic (HR1-SD : 1.37; 95% CI 1.13; 1.66), thyroid (HR1-SD : 1.65; 95% CI 1.33; 2.05), postmenopausal breast (HR1-SD : 1.17; 95% CI 1.11; 1.22) and endometrial (HR1-SD : 1.20; 95% CI 1.03; 1.40) cancers in women. These results indicate that higher BMR may be an indicator of a metabolic phenotype associated with risk of certain cancer types, and may be a useful predictor of cancer risk independent of body fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Murphy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vivian Viallon
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca R Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Versailles St-Quentin En-Yvelines, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Versailles St-Quentin En-Yvelines, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Versailles St-Quentin En-Yvelines, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano,Via Venezian, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre (UMC), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology- IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat Ciències Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Redondo-Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA). Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio B Gurrea
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ulrica Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Therese H Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University, Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne M May
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center Research Program Cancer, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, København, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale (ASP), Ragusa, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lena M Nilsson
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Associations between depression, height and body mass index in adolescent and adult population of Penza city and oblast, Russia. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:800-804. [PMID: 32696733 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932020000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between depression, height and body mass index (BMI) in the adolescent and adult population of Penza city and oblast, Russia. The study included 554 adults aged 16-89 years. The presence and severity of depression was evaluated using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The participants self-reported their height (cm) and weight (kg) and these were used to calculate their BMI (kg/m2). Significant correlations were obtained between depression and short stature in young men, depression and short stature in participants with normal BMI and depression and age in overweight participants. Young women aged 16-23 years, and older men aged 60-89 years, presented the highest and very similar depression scores with no statistically significant difference between them. Special attention should be paid in Russia to these groups due to their higher risk of depressive disorders.
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27
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Foertsch S, Reber SO. The role of physical trauma in social stress-induced immune activation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:169-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Habibov N, Auchynnikava A, Luo R, Fan L. Influence of height on likelihood of employment, occupational sorting, and earnings in 27 post-communist countries. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 32:e23422. [PMID: 32343873 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We study the influence of height on labour market outcomes using micro-data from a recent survey that cover 27 post-communist countries. Specifically, we focus on the influence of height on three dimensions of labour market outcome: (1) likelihood of employment, (2) occupational sorting, and (3) earnings. METHODS We use micro-data from 2016 Life-In-Transition survey (LITS) which was jointly conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. We run several types of regression to show how height influences (1) likelihood of employment, (2) occupational sorting, and (3) earnings. RESULTS When controlling for a comprehensive set of covariates, for each 10 cm increase in height, the probability of getting a job increases by 1% points for males and by 3 for females. Equally, for each 10 cm increase in height, the probability of getting a job increases by 2% points in urban areas and rural areas. Our findings demonstrate that taller women and men are more likely: (a) being an employer rather than an employee; (b) to be employed in higher-paid and more prestigious sectors of finance, insurance, and real estate; (c) to be employed in private enterprises. Finally, when occupational sorting and socio-demographics are controlled for, a 10 cm increase in height results in a 5% increase in earning for men, and a 12% increase in earnings for women. CONCLUSIONS Using a diverse sample of 27 post-communist countries, we found that taller individuals have better labour market outcomes in terms of employment, occupational sorting, and earnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Habibov
- School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rong Luo
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lida Fan
- School of Social Work, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Batty GD, Deary IJ, Hamer M, Frank P, Bann D. Association of Childhood Psychomotor Coordination With Survival Up to 6 Decades Later. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e204031. [PMID: 32352531 PMCID: PMC7193332 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Poorer performance on standard tests of motor coordination in children has emerging links with sedentary behavior, obesity, and functional capacity in later life. These observations are suggestive of an untested association of coordination with health outcomes, including mortality. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of performance on a series of psychomotor coordination tests in childhood with mortality up to 6 decades later. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The British National Child Development Study (1958 Birth Cohort Study) is a prospective cohort study based on a nationally representative sample of births from England, Scotland, and Wales. A total of 17 415 individuals had their gross and fine motor psychomotor coordination assessed using 9 tests at ages 11 and 16 years. Data analysis for the present study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause mortality as ascertained from a vital status registry and survey records. RESULTS In this birth cohort study of 17 415 individuals who underwent a series of psychomotor coordination tests in childhood, follow up was conducted over several decades. Of the analytical sample of 12 678 individuals, 51% were male, and 72% came from a lower social group. Mortality surveillance between ages 12 and 58 years in an analytical sample of 17 062 men and women yielded 1072 deaths (766 661 person-years at risk). In survival analyses with adjustment for sex, higher scores on 7 of the 9 childhood coordination tests were associated with a lower risk of mortality in a stepwise manner. After controlling for early-life socioeconomic, health, cognitive, and developmental factors, lower mortality was statistically significantly associated with 3 tests: ball catching at age 11 years (0-8 vs 10 catches: hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19-2.07), match-picking at age 11 years (>50 vs 0-36 seconds: HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09-1.63), and hopping at age 16 years (very unsteady vs very steady: HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.63). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this cohort study suggest that childhood motor coordination is associated with lower mortality up to middle-age; these findings require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Frank
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
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Batty GD, Gale CR, Kivimäki M, Deary IJ, Bell S. Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 368:m131. [PMID: 32051121 PMCID: PMC7190071 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare established associations between risk factors and mortality in UK Biobank, a study with an exceptionally low rate of response to its baseline survey, against those from representative studies that have conventional response rates. DESIGN Prospective cohort study alongside individual participant meta-analysis of other cohort studies. SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Analytical sample of 499 701 people (response rate 5.5%) in analyses in UK Biobank; pooled data from the Health Surveys for England (HSE) and the Scottish Health Surveys (SHS), including 18 studies and 89 895 people (mean response rate 68%). Both study populations were linked to the same nationwide mortality registries, and the baseline age range was aligned at 40-69 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Death from cardiovascular disease, selected malignancies, and suicide. To quantify the difference between hazard ratios in the two studies, a ratio of the hazard ratios was used with HSE-SHS as the referent. RESULTS Risk factor levels and mortality rates were typically more favourable in UK Biobank participants relative to the HSE-SHS consortium. For the associations between risk factors and mortality endpoints, however, close agreement was seen between studies. Based on 14 288 deaths during an average of 7.0 years of follow-up in UK Biobank and 7861 deaths over 10 years of mortality surveillance in HSE-SHS, for cardiovascular disease mortality, for instance, the age and sex adjusted hazard ratio for ever having smoked cigarettes (versus never) was 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.87 to 2.24) in UK Biobank and 1.99 (1.78 to 2.23) in HSE-SHS, yielding a ratio of hazard ratios close to unity (1.02, 0.88 to 1.19). The overall pattern of agreement between studies was essentially unchanged when results were compared separately by sex and when baseline years and censoring dates were aligned. CONCLUSION Despite a very low response rate, risk factor associations in the UK Biobank seem to be generalisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Catharine R Gale
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven Bell
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Vulnerability to suicide in short, elderly men: a nationwide survey in Korea. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:283-284. [PMID: 31311614 DOI: 10.1017/s104161021900067x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Human anthropometric traits, while significantly determined by genetic factors, are also affected by an individual's early life environment. An adult's body height is a valid indicator of their living conditions in childhood. Parental education has been shown to be one of the key covariates of individuals' health and height, both in childhood and adulthood. Parental functional literacy has been demonstrated to be another important determinant of child health, but this has largely been overlooked in studies on height. The objective of this study was to analyse the associations between parents' education, their functional literacy and their children's adult body height. The study used data for 39,240 individuals from the 2016 wave of the nationally representative Life in Transition Survey (LITS) conducted in 34 countries in Southern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Using linear and Poisson models, regression adjustment treatment estimators and multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions, the study analysed the links between mother's and father's educational attainment, parental functional literacy, measured by the number of books in the childhood home, and children's adult height. The models also included other individual and contextual covariates of height. The results demonstrated that mother's educational attainment and parental functional literacy have independent associations with children's adult body height. Sufficient literacy skills of the parent may have a positive effect on children's growth even if parental education is low. These associations remained significant across time. The study also provides evidence of a widening of the height gap for men born in the period just before and after systemic transition in post-socialist societies, which may suggest an increase in social differences in early living standards.
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Habibov N, Luo R, Auchynnikava A, Fan L. Height and life satisfaction: Evidence from 27 nations. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23351. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Habibov
- School of Social WorkUniversity of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Rong Luo
- Department Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada
| | | | - Lida Fan
- School of Social WorkLakehead University Thunder Bay Ontario Canada
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Rivara AC, Madrigal L. Early maturity, shortened stature, and hardship: Can life-history trade-offs indicate social stratification and income inequality in the United States? Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23283. [PMID: 31268232 PMCID: PMC6863048 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Life-history strategies promote reproductive fitness and survival. Limited energy availability and competing energetic demands between life-history decisions may result in organismal trade-offs leading to selection for "optimal" traits that facilitate fitness and survival in present environmental conditions. Few life-history analyses have been conducted in food abundant/high resource human populations. Here, we use a life-history theory framework integrated with a biocultural approach to assess whether trade-offs between growth (height) and the onset of reproductive maturation (ages at menarche) were observed in a sample of adult women living in the United States. METHODS Adult women (18 years and older) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2006 were analyzed using complex survey regression to evaluate associations between ages at menarche, height, and biological, socio-economic, demographic, and anthropometric variables. Associations between stature, ages at menarche, and socio-economic status (household income and education level) suggest life-history trade-offs in this populations may be mitigated by access to resources and marginalization. CONCLUSIONS These study results have applied public health implications. We demonstrate that females who experience early menarche in the US population achieve short stature. Our study also demonstrates the need for implementing life-history analyses in Western affluent populations, where marginalization may result in life-history trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Rivara
- Fogarty Global Health Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, 06520
| | - Lorena Madrigal
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620
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Daoud A, Kim R, Subramanian SV. Predicting women's height from their socioeconomic status: A machine learning approach. Soc Sci Med 2019; 238:112486. [PMID: 31470245 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The social determinants of health literature routinely deploy socio-economic status (SES) as a key factor in accounting for women's height-an established indicator of human welfare at the population level-using traditional regression. However, this literature lacks a systematic identification of the predictive power of SES as well as the possible non-linear relationships between the measures of SES (education, occupation, and material wealth) in predicting variation in women's height. This study aims to evaluate this predictive power. We used the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 66 low- and middle-income countries (women = 1,273,644), sampled between 1994 and 2016. The analysis consisted of training seven machine-learning algorithms of different function classes and assessing their predictive power out-of-sample, vis-à-vis OLS regression. In an OLS framework, SES accounts for 0.7%, R2, of the total variance in women's height (from σOLSFix2 = 31.82 to σOLSSES2 = 31.57), adjusting for country, community, and sampling year fixed effects. The country-specific variances range from as low as 25.10 units in Egypt to as high as 74.46 units in Sao Tome and Principe. With the same set of SES measures, the best performing learner, a Bayesian neural net, produces a predictive variance of σBnnSES2 = 31.52. This is a negligible improvement in variance explained by 0.3% (σBnnSES2-σOLSSES2). Given our selection of algorithms, our findings indicate no relevant non-linear relationships between SES and women's height, and also the predictive limits of SES. We recommend that scholars report both the average effect of SES on health outcomes as well as its contribution to the variance explained. This will improve our understanding of how key social and economic factors affect health, deepening our understanding of the social determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Daoud
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States.
| | - Rockli Kim
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States
| | - S V Subramanian
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States
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Investigating the association between body fat and depression via Mendelian randomization. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:184. [PMID: 31383844 PMCID: PMC6683191 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression are major public health concerns that are both associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. There is a considerable body of literature linking obesity to the development of depression. Recent studies using Mendelian randomization indicate that this relationship is causal. Most studies of the obesity-depression association have used body mass index as a measure of obesity. Body mass index is defined as weight (measured in kilograms) divided by the square of height (meters) and therefore does not distinguish between the contributions of fat and nonfat to body weight. To better understand the obesity-depression association, we conduct a Mendelian randomization study of the relationship between fat mass, nonfat mass, height, and depression, using genome-wide association study results from the UK Biobank (n = 332,000) and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (n = 480,000). Our findings suggest that both fat mass and height (short stature) are causal risk factors for depression, while nonfat mass is not. These results represent important new knowledge on the role of anthropometric measures in the etiology of depression. They also suggest that reducing fat mass will decrease the risk of depression, which lends further support to public health measures aimed at reducing the obesity epidemic.
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Wilson SE. Does adult height predict later mortality?: Comparative evidence from the Early Indicators samples in the United States. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2019; 34:274-285. [PMID: 31231014 PMCID: PMC7207258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, I supplement widely used demographic data on white veterans of the Union Army with large and newly collected data on blacks and urban white veterans to explore the question of whether adult height predicts late-life mortality at the individual level. The data are partitioned into four demographic groups based on individual characteristics at the time of enlistment: white veterans enlisting in rural areas, mid-size cities, and large cities, and African-American veterans of the U.S. Colored Troops (USCT). Across the three groups of white veterans, mean height is positively associated with life expectancy at age 60, while both mean height and life expectancy for black veterans are very close to levels measured among the highly urbanized white veterans. I examine whether these group-level differences are robust to individual-level analysis by estimating two types of models, separately for each group: 1) 10-year mortality at age 60 using a linear probability model with company-level fixed effects and 2) a Cox proportional hazard that tracks veterans from age 60 to death. For rural whites, I find a significant U-shaped relationship between height and 10-year mortality, with both the short and the tall at significantly higher risk of death. This pattern becomes more pronounced when excluding younger recruits (under aged 24) from the analysis. But this relationship does not extend to urban whites or to blacks, where no significant height effects are found, and in which the height-mortality relationship among the highest mortality groups (whites from the largest cities and blacks) appears to be a generally positive one. Overall, the robust positive relationship between height and life expectancy at the group level does not exist at the individual level.
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Teraura H, Suzuki T, Kotani K. Association of taller stature with lower cardiovascular disease mortality in Asian people: a systematic review. J Physiol Anthropol 2019; 38:6. [PMID: 31174596 PMCID: PMC6555911 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-019-0197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult height can serve as a disease marker. While taller stature has been reported to be linked to a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), an influence of the height on CVD is not fully understood in specific populations of Asia, which has a lower incidence of CVD and lower stature than Western populations. Methods We conducted a systematic review using original articles of prospective cohort studies published in English, via the PubMed database, on the relationship between the height and mortality of CVD, including cerebrovascular disease, in Asian people. Results We selected four studies on heart/coronary disease and five studies on cerebrovascular disease. Regarding heart/coronary disease, two studies showed that taller stature was associated with a decreased mortality of heart disease in men or cardiovascular disease in women. The hazard ratios of other studies had not shown a clear significance but a decreased direction of taller stature to the mortality. Regarding cerebrovascular disease, most studies showed that taller stature was associated with a decreased mortality of total cerebrovascular diseases or stroke. In two studies, taller stature showed a decreased mortality of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions Overall, adult height may be inversely predictive to the mortality of CVD, in particular cerebrovascular disease, in Asian people. While this seems to be a similar trend to that of Westerns, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Teraura
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Suzuki
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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Davallow Ghajar L, DeBoer MD. Environmental and birth characteristics as predictors of short stature in early childhood. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:954-960. [PMID: 30326155 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate for environmental and birth characteristic predictors of short stature in a large nationally representative sample. METHODS We evaluated 10 127 children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 cohort, using univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with short stature (height <3rd percentile) at kindergarten through second grade. Predictors included birthweight, preterm status, sex, parental education, parental income and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Lower birthweight was associated with short stature, with each decreasing kilogram having a 2.45 adjusted odds ratio (aOR; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81, 3.33) of short stature for term children in second grade. Preterm children (compared to term children) had an aOR of 2.23 (CI 1.32, 3.78) for short stature. Other predictors of short stature included female sex and lower parental income. African American children had a lower risk of short stature (aOR 0.34, CI 0.14, 0.82) compared to white children. CONCLUSION Predictors of short stature include lower birthweight, preterm status, female sex and parental income. Socio-economic disparities and race/ethnicity further influenced height. These data may assist paediatricians in considering contributors to stature outcomes by early school age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D. DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
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Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between height and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the results were inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis of observational studies was carried out to clarify this association. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases for all relevant studies up to 25 May 2016. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and restricted cubic spline model was adopted for the dose-response analysis. A total of 31 studies involving 13 077 848 participants with 93 818 cases were included. The pooled RR (95% confidence interval) of CRC for the highest versus the lowest category of height was 1.25 (1.18-1.32); the pooled RR was 1.32 (1.22-1.43) for colon cancer and 1.12 (1.05-1.19) for rectal cancer for the highest versus the lowest category of height. A nonlinear relationship was found between height and the risk of CRC in the dose-response analysis (Pnonlinearity=0.0024). This meta-analysis indicates that height is associated with an increased risk of CRC.
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Did family size affect differences in body height in non-urbanized societies? Evidence from the Lemko community in Poland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. J Biosoc Sci 2019; 51:669-682. [PMID: 30632477 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932018000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of economic changes in the Polish territories under Austrian partition at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries on the trend in adult body height, and to examine the effect of number of children in a family, as a socioeconomic factor, on the differences in heights of males and females. Data collected in a 1939 survey for a group of 350 Lemkos living in Polish lands under the Austrian partition were obtained from archive material. Individual data were obtained for body height and number of siblings, to calculate family size. Linear regression analysis confirmed an increase in body height in males by about 1.2 cm per decade over the period 1860 to 1922. The number of children in a family did not appear to influence the mean body height of men and women. The observed positive mean body height trend probably resulted from the improvement in the economic conditions in the Austrian sector over the survey period.
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Duan D, Li H, Xu J, Wong L, Xu G, Kong F, Li S, Gong Q, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang L, Xu G, Xing W, Han L. Does Body Mass Index and Height Influence the Incident Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Subjects? J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2591709. [PMID: 30805371 PMCID: PMC6362488 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2591709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the incident risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects according to different body mass index (BMI) and height categories. METHODS A total of 25,130 newly diagnosed T2D subjects were included in this study. All T2D subjects were enrolled consecutively from the Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CDSS) of Ningbo. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) stratified by BMI categories and height quartiles were used to estimate the incident risk of IS in T2D subjects. RESULTS In total, 22,795 subjects completed the follow-up. Among them, 1268 newly diagnosed IS cases were identified, with 149,675 person-years. The SIRs of normal BMI (18.5-24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24.0-28.0 kg/m2), and obese (≥28.0 kg/m2) in overall subjects were 2.56 (95% CI 1.90-3.13), 2.13 (95% CI 1.90-3.13), and 1.87 (95% CI 1.29-2.43), respectively (P trend < 0.01), comparing to the general population of Ningbo. For each 1 kg/m2 increment in BMI, the SIR was 0.948 (95% CI 0.903-0.999). For height quartiles, the SIRs of male subjects in quartile 1 (<160 cm), quartile 2 (161-165 cm), quartile 3 (165-170 cm), and quartile 4 (≥171 cm) were 2.27 (95% CI 1.99-2.56), 2.01 (95% CI 1.67-2.45), 1.37 (95% CI 1.05-1.68), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.40-1.32), respectively (P trend < 0.01). While for female subjects, the SIRs in quartile 1 (<155 cm), quartile 2 (156-160 cm), quartile 3 (161-165 cm), and quartile 4 (≥166 cm) were 3.57 (95% CI 3.11-3.49), 2.96 (95% CI 2.61-3.31), 1.94 (95% CI 1.51-2.36), and 1.71 (95% CI 0.95-2.47), respectively (P trend < 0.01). CONCLUSION Compared to the general population of Ningbo, T2D subjects had a higher incident risk of IS. Furthermore, the IS incident risk was not only higher in newly diagnosed T2D subjects with normal BMI but also lower in taller newly diagnosed T2D subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Duan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Liping Wong
- Department of Social Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fanqian Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinghai Gong
- Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Institute of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenhua Xing
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Langgartner D, Vaihinger CA, Haffner-Luntzer M, Kunze JF, Weiss ALJ, Foertsch S, Bergdolt S, Ignatius A, Reber SO. The Role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Chronic Psychosocial Stress-Induced Pathologies in Male Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:252. [PMID: 30464743 PMCID: PMC6234875 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for the development of physical and mental disorders accompanied or driven by an activated immune system. Given that chronic stress-induced systemic immune activation is lacking in germ-free and antibiotics-treated mice, a causal role of the gut microbiome in the development of stress-related disorders is likely. To address this hypothesis in the current study we employed the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC, 19 days) paradigm, a pre-clinically validated mouse model for chronic psychosocial stress, known to alter the gut microbial signature and to induce systemic low-grade inflammation, as well as physical and mental abnormalities. In detail, we investigated if (i) CSC-induced alterations can be prevented by repeated transplantation of feces (FT) from non-stressed single-housed control (SHC) mice during CSC exposure, and (ii) if the transplantation of a “stressed” CSC microbiome is able to induce CSC effects in SHC mice. Therefore, we repeatedly infused SHC and CSC recipient mice rectally with SHC donor feces at days 4 and 11 of the CSC paradigm and assessed anxiety-related behavior on day 19 as well as physiological, immunological, and bone parameters on day 20. Furthermore, SHC and CSC recipient mice were infused with CSC donor feces at respective days. To exclude effects of rectal infusions per se, another set of SHC and CSC mice was infused with saline, respectively. Our results showed that transplantation of SHC feces had mild stress-protective effects, indicated by an amelioration of CSC-induced thymus atrophy, anxiety, systemic low-grade inflammation, and alterations in bone homeostasis. Moreover, transplantation of CSC feces slightly aggravated CSC-induced systemic low-grade inflammation and alterations in bone homeostasis in SHC and/or CSC animals. In conclusion, our data provide evidence for a role of the host’s microbiome in many, but not all, adverse consequences of chronic psychosocial stress. Moreover, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that transplantation of healthy feces might be a useful tool to prevent/treat different adverse outcomes of chronic stress. Finally, our data suggests that stress effects can be transferred to a certain extend via FT, proposing therapeutic approaches using FT to carefully screen fecal donors for their stress/trauma history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carolyn A Vaihinger
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia F Kunze
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena J Weiss
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Foertsch
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bergdolt
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Kobayashi LC, Berkman LF, Wagner RG, Kahn K, Tollman S, Subramanian SV. Education modifies the relationship between height and cognitive function in a cross-sectional population-based study of older adults in Rural South Africa. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 34:131-139. [PMID: 30306424 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the relationship between height (a measure of early-life cumulative net nutrition) and later-life cognitive function among older rural South African adults, and whether education modified this relationship. Data were from baseline in-person interviews with 5059 adults ≥ 40 years in the population-based "Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa" (HAALSI) study in Agincourt sub-district, South Africa, in 2015. Linear regression was used to estimate the relationship between height quintile and latent cognitive function z-score (representing episodic memory, time orientation, and numeracy), with adjustment for life course covariates and a height-by-education interaction. Mean (SD) height was 162.7 (8.9) cm. Nearly half the sample had no formal education (46%; 2307/5059). Mean age- and sex-adjusted cognitive z-scores increased from - 0.68 (95% CI: - 0.76 to - 0.61) in those with no education in the shortest height quintile to 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52-0.71) in those with at least 8 years of education in the tallest height quintile. There was a linear height disparity in cognitive z-scores for those with no formal education (adjusted β = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.08-0.13 per height quintile), but no height disparity in cognitive z-scores in those with any level of education. Short stature is associated with poor cognitive function and may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment among older adults living in rural South Africa. The height disparity in cognitive function was negated for older adults who had any level of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. .,Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA.,MRC-Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ryan G Wagner
- MRC-Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- MRC-Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC-Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - S V Subramanian
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Calarge CA, Mills JA, Karaviti L, Teixeira AL, Zemel BS, Garcia JM. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Reduce Longitudinal Growth in Risperidone-Treated Boys. J Pediatr 2018; 201:245-251. [PMID: 29958671 PMCID: PMC6153035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit longitudinal growth in children and adolescents, particularly in the early stages of puberty, using a sample of convenience comprising risperidone-treated boys. STUDY DESIGN Data from four clinic-based studies in risperidone-treated 5- to 17-year-old boys with no general medical conditions were combined for this analysis. Anthropometric measurements and psychotropic treatment history were extracted from the medical and pharmacy records. Linear mixed effects regression analyses examined the association between SSRI use and change in age-sex-specific height and body mass index z scores, after adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS Risperidone-treated boys (n = 267; age: 12.7 ± 2.7 years), 71% of whom had ever taken an SSRI, contributed to the analysis. After adjusting for age, psychostimulant and antipsychotic use, and time in the study, both the duration of SSRI use as well as the cumulative dose were inversely associated with height z score after age 11 years (P < .0001). After adjusting for baseline height, duration of SSRI use was most strongly inversely associated with height z score in Tanner stages 3 and 4 boys who took SSRIs continuously (r = -0.69, P < .009). No association was observed with body mass index z score. CONCLUSIONS In risperidone-treated boys, SSRI use is associated with reduced longitudinal growth, particularly in those undergoing puberty. Whether adult height or other metabolic or psychological outcomes are affected remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadi A. Calarge
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Suite 1740, Houston, TX 77030-2399, Tel: 832-824-4764, Fax: 832-825-8981,
| | - James A. Mills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Antonio L. Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Mumm R, Aßmann C. Community-based clustering of height in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:272-281. [PMID: 30267583 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human growth and final height are influenced by many factors such as genetics, nutrition, living conditions, socioeconomic background and, as recently proposed, by social peer groups and the community. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the extent to which spatial proximity, acting as a proxy for the social community, causes height clustering in low and middle income countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed data from the study "Young Lives-Measuring Child Poverty and Health", a study performed in four low and middle income countries (Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam) to describe the health situation of children. We used linear mixed effects models with different random effect structures to analyze the influence of the community on clustering of height in boys and girls. RESULTS In all analyzed low and middle income countries, linear mixed effects with hierarchical structures with communities nested within regions provide a better fit than the basic models neglecting community-based clustering (p < .001). DISCUSSION Although the underlying mechanisms require future research, spatial proximity arising from clustering needs to be integrated into explorative modelling of height variability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Mumm
- Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology I, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Aßmann
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Abar L, Vieira AR, Aune D, Sobiecki JG, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, Greenwood DC, Chan DSM, Schlesinger S, Norat T. Height and body fatness and colorectal cancer risk: an update of the WCRF-AICR systematic review of published prospective studies. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1701-1720. [PMID: 29080978 PMCID: PMC6060816 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no published dose-response meta-analysis on the association between height and colorectal cancer risk (CRC) by sex and anatomical sub-site. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies on the association between height and CRC risk with subgroup analysis and updated evidence on the association between body fatness and CRC risk. METHODS PubMed and several other databases were searched up to November 2016. A random effects model was used to calculate dose-response summary relative risks (RR's). RESULTS 47 studies were included in the meta-analyses including 50,936 cases among 7,393,510 participants. The findings support the existing evidence regarding a positive association of height, general and abdominal body fatness and CRC risk. The summary RR were 1.04 [95% (CI)1.02-1.05, I² = 91%] per 5 cm increase in height, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.01-1.02, I² = 0%] per 5 kg increase in weight, 1.06 [95% (CI)1.04-1.07, I² = 83%] per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 1.02 [95% (CI)1.02-1.03, I² = 4%] per 10 cm increase in waist circumference, 1.03 [95% (CI)1.01-1.05, I² = 16%] per 0.1 unit increase in waist to hip ratio. The significant association for height and CRC risk was similar in men and women. The significant association for BMI and CRC risk was stronger in men than in women. CONCLUSION The positive association between height and risk of CRC suggests that life factors during childhood and early adulthood might play a role in CRC aetiology. Higher general and abdominal body fatness during adulthood are risk factors of CRC and these associations are stronger in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Ana Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jakub G Sobiecki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Snieguole Vingeliene
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Elli Polemiti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Christophe Stevens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Doris S M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, Paddington, London, W2 1PG, UK
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An association between adult lifespan and stature in preindustrial Lithuanian populations: Analysis of skeletons. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:167-175. [PMID: 30055808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that no relationship between maximal living stature and adult lifespan had existed in prehistoric and historic Lithuanian populations. The sample analyzed consisted of 1713 skeletons of adult individuals who died between the 2nd century CE and the beginning of the 19th century CE, collected from 118 archaeological sites located in the current territory of Lithuania. A cumulative logit model was applied to model ordinal age-related changes in the auricular surface and the pubic symphysis (measures of lifespan) as a function of maximal length of femur (an indicator of maximal living stature), sex, burial site and its chronology as a proxy for the place of residence and period. The lack of strong association between adult lifespan and femur length was observed for males and females, various periods and places of residence. However, the results failed to reject convincingly the hypothesis that no relationship between these two variables had existed in preindustrial Lithuanian populations. In addition to concerns regarding sampling and measurement errors, heterogeneous frailty in early life and resulting selective mortality may partly explain the results obtained.
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Worthman CM, Trang K. Dynamics of body time, social time and life history at adolescence. Nature 2018; 554:451-457. [PMID: 29469099 DOI: 10.1038/nature25750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent opposing trends towards earlier physical maturation and later social maturation present a conundrum of apparent biological-social mismatch. Here we use life history analysis from evolutionary ecology to identify forces that drive these shifts. Together with findings in developmental science, our life history analysis indicates that adolescence is a distinctive period for biological embedding of culture. Ethnographic evidence shows that mass education is a novel feature of the globalizing cultural configurations of adolescence, which are driven by transformations in labour, livelihood and lifestyle. Evaluation of the life history trade-offs and sociocultural ecologies that are experienced by adolescents may offer a practical basis for enhancing their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Worthman
- 1Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kathy Trang
- 1Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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