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Ramos LG, de Souza KR, Barbosa JMC, Salomão K, Sales Junior PA, Pereira VRA, Murta SMF, Ferreira RS, Bernardes TCD, Wardell SMSV, Wardell JL, Boechat N, Carvalho SA. Synthesis and activity of benzimidazole N-Acylhydrazones against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 110:129876. [PMID: 38964519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present the design, synthesis, and cytotoxic evaluation of a series of benzimidazole N-acylhydrazones against strains of T. cruzi (Y and Tulahuen) and Leishmania species (L. amazonensis and L. infantum). Compound (E)-N'-((5-Nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbohydrazide demonstrated significant activity against both trypomastigote and amastigote forms (Tulahuen strain), with an IC50/120 h of 0.033 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 7680. This represents a potency 46 times greater than that of benznidazole (IC50/120 h = 1.520 μM, SI = 1390). Another compound (E)-N'-(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carbohydrazide showed promising activity against both trypomastigote and amastigote forms (Tulahuen strain), with an IC50/120 h of 3.600 μM and an SI of 14.70. However, its efficacy against L. infantum and L. amazonensis was comparatively lower. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of more effective treatments against Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís G Ramos
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos-LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Físico-Química de Materiais, Seção de Engenharia Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kátia R de Souza
- Laboratório de Físico-Química de Materiais, Seção de Engenharia Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M C Barbosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Salomão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Policarpo A Sales Junior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria R A Pereira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Silvane M F Murta
- Grupo Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Laboratório de modelagem molecular e planejamento de fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Talita C D Bernardes
- Laboratório de modelagem molecular e planejamento de fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - James L Wardell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos-LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samir A Carvalho
- Laboratorio de Sintese de Farmacos-LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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2
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Aldfer MM, Hulpia F, van Calenbergh S, De Koning HP. Mapping the transporter-substrate interactions of the Trypanosoma cruzi NB1 nucleobase transporter reveals the basis for its high affinity and selectivity for hypoxanthine and guanine and lack of nucleoside uptake. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 258:111616. [PMID: 38401850 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite and the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a debilitating and sometimes fatal disease that continues to spread to new areas. Yet, Chagas disease is still only treated with two related nitro compounds that are insufficiently effective and cause severe side effects. Nucleotide metabolism is one of the known vulnerabilities of T. cruzi, as they are auxotrophic for purines, and nucleoside analogues have been shown to have genuine promise against this parasite in vitro and in vivo. Since purine antimetabolites require efficient uptake through transporters, we here report a detailed characterisation of the T. cruzi NB1 nucleobase transporter with the aim of elucidating the interactions between TcrNB1 and its substrates and finding the positions that can be altered in the design of novel antimetabolites without losing transportability. Systematically determining the inhibition constants (Ki) of purine analogues for TcrNB1 yielded their Gibbs free energy of interaction, ΔG0. Pairwise comparisons of substrate (hypoxanthine, guanine, adenine) and analogues allowed us to determine that optimal binding affinity by TcrNB1 requires interactions with all four nitrogen residues of the purine ring, with N1 and N9, in protonation state, functioning as presumed hydrogen bond donors and unprotonated N3 and N7 as hydrogen bond acceptors. This is the same interaction pattern as we previously described for the main nucleobase transporters of Trypanosoma brucei spp. and Leishmania major and makes it the first of the ENT-family genes that is functionally as well as genetically conserved between the three main kinetoplast pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Aldfer
- School of Infection and Immunity, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8TA, UK
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Serge van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Harry P De Koning
- School of Infection and Immunity, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8TA, UK.
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3
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Atero N, Torres M, Domínguez A, Diethelm-Varela B, Córdova-Bührle F, Mardones FO. Spatio-temporal distribution of hospitalizations for chronic Chagas disease and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality and surgical intervention in Chile. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012124. [PMID: 38662649 PMCID: PMC11045106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected parasitic zoonotic disease that affects over 6 million people worldwide. We conducted a retrospective study to analyze the spatiotemporal trends and risk factors for hospitalization rates of CD with cardiac and digestive diagnoses in Chile. We used the Mann-Kendall analysis for temporal trends, Global Moran's Index, and Local Indicators of Spatial Association to identify spatial autocorrelation, and regression models to determine the risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality and surgical intervention. Between 2010 and 2020, a total of 654 hospitalizations were reported, corresponding to 527 individuals. The hospitalization rate steadily decreased over the years (t = -0.636; p = 0.009). The Global Moran's I for the study period showed a positive spatial autocorrelation for hospitalization municipality and for residence municipality of CD patients (I = 0.25, p<0.001 and I = 0.45, p<0.001 respectively), indicating a clustering of hospitalizations in northern municipalities. The most frequent diagnosis was a chronic CD with digestive system involvement (55.8%) followed by a chronic CD with heart involvement (44.2%). The highest percentage of hospital discharges was observed among males (56.9%) and in the 60-79 age group (52.7%). In-hospital mortality risk was higher with increasing age (OR = 1.04), and in patients with cardiac involvement (OR = 2.3), whereas factors associated with the risk of undergoing a surgical intervention were sex (OR = 1.6) and diagnosis of CD with digestive involvement (OR = 4.4). The findings of this study indicate that CD is still a significant public health burden in Chile. Efforts should focus on improving access to timely diagnoses and treatment, reducing disease progression and hospitalization burden, and supporting clinicians in preventing complications and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolhole Atero
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisa Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angélica Domínguez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Córdova-Bührle
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dirección de Transferencia y Desarrollo, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando O. Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Pavan TBS, Leony LM, de Souza WV, Santos EF, Tavares Daltro R, Erdens Maron Freitas N, Medrado Vasconcelos LC, Lopes Habib F, Silva AAO, Alejandra Fiorani Celedon P, Dias Sampaio D, Tonin Zanchin NI, Longhi SA, Neves Santos FL. Post-therapeutic cure criterion in chronic Chagas disease using Trypanosoma cruzi chimeric proteins. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2024; 71:2024.004. [PMID: 38526232 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2024.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. Causative treatment can be achieved with two drugs: benznidazole or Nifurtimox. There are some gaps that hinder progress in eradicating the disease. There is no test that can efficiently assess cure control after treatment. Currently, the decline in anti-T. cruzi antibody titres is assessed with conventional serological tests, which can take years. However, the search for new markers of cure must continue to fill this gap. The present study aimed to evaluate the decline in serological titres using chimeric proteins after treatment with benznidazole in chronic patients diagnosed with CD. It was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study between 2000 and 2004 of T. cruzi-positive participants from the Añatuya region (Argentina) treated with benznidazole. Serum samples from ten patients were collected before treatment (day zero) and after the end of treatment (2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months). For the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, an indirect ELISA was performed using two chimeric recombinant proteins (IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4) as antigens. The changes in reactivity index within the groups before and after treatment were evaluated using the Friedman test. All participants experienced a decrease in serological titres after treatment with benznidazole, especially IBMP-8.1. However, due to the small number of samples and the short follow-up period, it is premature to conclude that this molecule serves as a criterion for sustained cure. Further studies are needed to validate tests based on these or other biomarkers to demonstrate parasitological cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maia Leony
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wayner Vieira de Souza
- Department of Public Health, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Emily Ferreira Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ramona Tavares Daltro
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natalia Erdens Maron Freitas
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Lopes Habib
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Angelo Antonio Oliveira Silva
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon
- Molecular Biology of Trypanosomatids Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Daniel Dias Sampaio
- Department Brazil's Family Health Strategy, Municipal Health Department, Tremedal, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin
- Structural Biology and Protein Engineering Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Silvia Andrea Longhi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Chagas Disease, Institute for Research on Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology "Dr Hector Torres", National Scientific and Technological Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Chagas Disease Translational Research Program (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Arrivillaga MR, Gold M, Rivera EP, Juárez JG. Incorporating an intersectional gender approach to improve access to maternal and child health screening services. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:32. [PMID: 38378594 PMCID: PMC10880357 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Americas, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has promoted initiatives that aim at the elimination of mother-to-child transmitted diseases for over two decades. Although Guatemala has assumed the commitment to improve access and coverage of reproductive and perinatal services, the goals have not yet been reached. Often, the implementation of these efforts is hampered by complexities rooted in social, cultural, and environmental intersections. The objective of this work is to share our experience applying gender intersectionality as a methodological and analytical tool in a participatory research project that aims to improve access to maternal and child health screening services. The study shows the novel strategy that incorporates intersectionality contributing to evidence on how it can be applied to strengthen public health efforts around the implementation of the EMTCT Plus (Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Chagas disease) framework, in the mostly rural municipality of Comapa, in Guatemala. METHODS We applied a participatory methodology, integrating theoretical and methodological frameworks to have an intersectional understanding of health services delivered by both, midwives, and the public health institution, for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Chagas. The data was collected by conducting interviews, focus groups, workshops, and reviewing laboratory databases, guided by five strategies from a cultural appropriateness framework. RESULTS The intersectional analysis shed light on the synergies and gaps of the current efforts and protocols implemented by both the midwives and the Ministry of Health. The services offered for the four diseases were often delivered independently from each other, and a comprehensive educational and communication material strategy was absent. However, our findings will be used to inform consistent, locally relevant, and culturally appropriate educational content for the local population, also following the national policy guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Using intersectionality as a method and as an analytical tool allowed us to understand the (1) interrelation of diverse social, cultural, and environmental determinants which influence the delivery of health services, as well as (2) the dynamics between the traditional and institutional health systems. (3) Community engagement and the participation of different stakeholders in a consultative process have been fundamental for the conceptual and methodological tenets of this research. (4) Finally, giving a more prominent role to midwives can strengthen sustainability and cultural appropriateness, which is complementary to the delivery of institutional health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rivera Arrivillaga
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 Zona 15 VH III, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
| | - Marina Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Recaredo, 3. Puerta Garaje, 28002, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth Pellecer Rivera
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 Zona 15 VH III, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Environmental Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469-5755, USA
| | - Jose Guillermo Juárez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 18 Av. 11-95 Zona 15 VH III, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Espinoza-Chávez RM, Oliveira Rezende Júnior CD, de Souza ML, Pauli I, Valli M, Gomes Ferreira LL, Chelucci RC, Michelan-Duarte S, Krogh R, Romualdo da Silva FB, Cruz FC, de Oliveira AS, Andricopulo AD, Dias LC. Structure-activity relationships of novel N-imidazoylpiperazines with potent anti- Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:253-269. [PMID: 38193294 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and the lack of effective and safe treatments makes identifying new classes of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity of paramount importance. Methods: Hit-to-lead exploration of a metabolically stable N-imidazoylpiperazine was performed. Results: Compound 2, a piperazine derivative active against T. cruzi, was selected to perform the hit-to-lead exploration, which involved the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 39 new derivatives. Conclusion: Compounds 6e and 10a were identified as optimized compounds with low micromolar in vitro activity, low cytotoxicity and suitable preliminary absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and physicochemical properties. Both compounds reduced parasitemia in mouse models of Chagas disease, providing a promising opportunity for further exploration of new antichagasic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Marisol Espinoza-Chávez
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13084-971, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana Laureano de Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Ivani Pauli
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Marilia Valli
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luiz Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Renata Krogh
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo-SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences & Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Blumenau, Santa Catarina-SC, 89036-256, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13084-971, Brazil
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de Sousa AS, Vermeij D, Ramos AN, Luquetti AO. Chagas disease. Lancet 2024; 403:203-218. [PMID: 38071985 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease persists as a global public health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality burden. Despite the possibility of a cure and advances in transmission control, epidemiological transformations, such as urbanisation and globalisation, and the emerging importance of oral and vertical transmission mean that Chagas disease should be considered an emerging disease, with new cases occurring worldwide. Important barriers to diagnosis, treatment, and care remain, resulting in repressed numbers of reported cases, which in turn leads to inadequate public policies. The validation of new diagnostic tools and treatment options is needed, as existing tools pose serious limitations to access to health care. Integrated models of surveillance, with community and intersectional participation, embedded in the concept of One Health, are essential for control. In addition, mitigation strategies for the main social determinants of health, including difficulties imposed by migration, are important to improve access to comprehensive health care in a globalised scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Silvestre de Sousa
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Debbie Vermeij
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Novaes Ramos
- Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alejandro O Luquetti
- Center of Studies for Chagas Disease, Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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de Brito ASX, Moll-Bernardes RJ, Pinheiro MVT, Camargo GC, Siqueira FPR, Oliveira RS, Glavam AP, de Almeida SA, de Holanda MT, Sangenis LHC, Mendes FDSNS, Rosado-de-Castro PH, de Sousa AS. Autonomic denervation, myocardial hypoperfusion and fibrosis may predict ventricular arrhythmia in the early stages of Chagas cardiomyopathy. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2379-2388. [PMID: 37226005 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be the first clinical event of Chagas heart disease (CHD). However, current guidelines contain no clear recommendation for early cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Using imaging modalities, we evaluated associations among autonomic denervation, myocardial hypoperfusion, fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmia in CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with CHD and preserved left ventricular function underwent 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy, 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) myocardial perfusion and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They were divided into arrhythmic (≥ 6 ventricular premature complexes/h and/or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on 24-hour Holter, n = 15) and non-arrhythmic (< 6 ventricular premature complexes/h and no ventricular tachycardia; n = 14) groups. The arrhythmic group had higher denervation scores from MIBG imaging (23.2 ± 18.7 vs 5.6 ± 4.9; P < .01), hypoperfusion scores from MIBI SPECT (4.7 ± 6.8 vs 0.29 ± 0.6: P = .02), innervation/perfusion mismatch scores (18.5 ± 17.5 vs 5.4 ± 4.8; P = .01) and fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement on MRI (14.3% ± 13.5% vs 4.0% ± 2.9%; P = .04) than the non-arrhythmic group. CONCLUSION These imaging parameters were associated with ventricular arrhythmia in early CHD and may enable risk stratification and the implementation of primary preventive strategies for SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Cordeiro Camargo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fabio Paiva Rossini Siqueira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Renee Sarmento Oliveira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pereira Glavam
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Sergio Altino de Almeida
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Teixeira de Holanda
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Conde Sangenis
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrea Silvestre de Sousa
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Diniz Cordeiro, 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil.
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
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9
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Ribeiro IC, de Moraes JVB, Mariotini-Moura C, Polêto MD, da Rocha Torres Pavione N, de Castro RB, Miranda IL, Sartori SK, Alves KLS, Bressan GC, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Meyer-Fernandes JR, Diaz-Muñoz G, Fietto JLR. Synthesis of new non-natural L-glycosidic flavonoid derivatives and their evaluation as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (TcNTPDase1). Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09974-7. [PMID: 37975950 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the pathogen of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 6 million people worldwide. There are no vaccines to prevent infection, and the therapeutic arsenal is very minimal and toxic. The unique E-NTPDase of T. cruzi (TcNTPDase1) plays essential roles in adhesion and infection and is a virulence factor. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Its potential as a partial inhibitor of NTPDases has also been demonstrated. In this work, we synthesized the non-natural L-glycoside derivatives of quercetin and evaluated them as inhibitors of recombinant TcNTPDase1 (rTcNTPDase1). These compounds, and quercetin and miquelianin, a natural quercetin derivative, were also tested. Compound 16 showed the most significant inhibitory effect (94%). Quercetin, miquelianin, and compound 14 showed inhibition close to 50%. We thoroughly investigated the inhibitory effect of 16. Our data suggested a competitive inhibition with a Ki of 8.39 μM (± 0.90). To better understand the interaction of compound 16 and rTcNTPDase1, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the enzyme and docking analyses with the compounds. Our predictions show that compound 16 binds to the enzyme's catalytic site and interacts with important residues for NTPDase activity. As an inhibitor of a critical T. cruzi enzyme, (16) could be helpful as a starting point in the developing of a future treatment for Chagas disease. Furthermore, the discovery of (16) as an inhibitor of TcNTPDase1 may open new avenues in the study and development of new inhibitors of E-NTPDases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Cunha Ribeiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane Mariotini-Moura
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Medicine and Nursing Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Depolo Polêto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Barbosa de Castro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabel Luzia Miranda
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Suélen Karine Sartori
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kryssia Lohayne Santos Alves
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gaspar Diaz-Muñoz
- Exact Science Institute, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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10
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Tunali V, Korkmaz M. Emerging and Re-Emerging Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in Europe. Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:679-699. [PMID: 37987400 PMCID: PMC10660548 DOI: 10.3390/idr15060062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a rapidly evolving global landscape characterized by increased international travel, migration, and ecological shifts, this study sheds light on the emergence of protozoal and helminthic infections targeting the central nervous system (CNS) within Europe. Despite being traditionally associated with tropical regions, these infections are progressively becoming more prevalent in non-endemic areas. By scrutinizing the inherent risks, potential outcomes, and attendant challenges, this study underscores the intricate interplay between diagnostic limitations, susceptibility of specific population subsets, and the profound influence of climate fluctuations. The contemporary interconnectedness of societies serves as a conduit for introducing and establishing these infections, warranting comprehensive assessment. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of heightened clinician vigilance, judicious public health interventions, and synergistic research collaborations to mitigate the potential consequences of these infections. Though rare, their profound impact on morbidity and mortality underscores the collective urgency required to safeguard the neurological well-being of the European populace. Through this multifaceted approach, Europe can effectively navigate the complex terrain posed with these emergent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varol Tunali
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45030 Manisa, Turkey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital, 35170 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Metin Korkmaz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
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11
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de Almeida GC, de Oliveira GB, da Silva Monte Z, Costa ÉCS, da Silva Falcão EP, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oliveira Silva R, Pereira VRA, da Silva ED, Junior PAS, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, de Melo SJ. Structure-based design, optimization of lead, synthesis, and biological evaluation of compounds active against Trypanosoma cruzi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:843-856. [PMID: 37455325 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease affects approximately eight million people throughout the world, especially the poorest individuals. The protozoan that causes this disease-Trypanosoma cruzi-has the enzyme cruzipain, which is the main therapeutic target. As no available medications have satisfactory effectiveness and safety, it is of fundamental importance to design and synthesize novel analogues that are more active and selective. In the present study, molecular docking and the in silico prediction of ADMET properties were used as strategies to optimize the trypanocidal activity of the pyrimidine compound ZN3F based on interactions with the target site in cruzipain. From the computational results, eight 4-amino-5-carbonitrile-pyrimidine analogues were proposed, synthesized (5a-f and 7g-h) and, tested in vitro on the trypomastigote form of the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi. The in silico study showed that the designed analogues bond favorably to important amino acid residues of the active site in cruzipain. An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity was performed on L929 mammal cell lines. All derivatives inhibited the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi and also exhibited lower toxicity to L929 cells. The 5e product, in particular, proved to be a potent, selective (IC50 = 2.79 ± 0.00 μM, selectivity index = 31.3) inhibitor of T. cruzi. The present results indicated the effectiveness of drugs based on the structure of the receptor, revealing the potential trypanocidal of pyrimidines. This study also provides information on molecular aspects for the inhibition of cruzipain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleybson Correia de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gerliny Bezerra de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Zenaide da Silva Monte
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Érick Caique Santos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Center for Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Journalist Anibal Fernandes, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elis Dionisio da Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sebastião José de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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12
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Silberstein E, Chung CC, Debrabant A. The transcriptome landscape of 3D-cultured placental trophoblasts reveals activation of TLR2 and TLR3/7 in response to low Trypanosoma cruzi parasite exposure. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1256385. [PMID: 37799608 PMCID: PMC10548471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1256385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) become a globalized health problem accounting for 22% of new cases of Chagas disease (CD). Congenital infection is now considered the main route of CD spread in non-endemic countries where no routine disease testing of pregnant women is implemented. The main mechanisms that lead to fetal infection by T. cruzi remain poorly understood. Mother-to-child transmission may occur when bloodstream trypomastigotes interact with the syncytiotrophoblasts (SYNs) that cover the placenta chorionic villi. These highly specialized cells function as a physical barrier and modulate immune responses against pathogen infections. To model the human placenta environment, we have previously used a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system of SYNs that exhibits differentiation characteristics comparable to placental trophoblasts. Further, we have shown that 3D-grown SYNs are highly resistant to T. cruzi infection. In this work, we used RNA sequencing and whole transcriptome analysis to explore the immunological signatures that drive SYNs' infection control. We found that the largest category of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are associated with inflammation and innate immunity functions. Quantitative RT-PCR evaluation of selected DEGs, together with detection of cytokines and chemokines in SYNs culture supernatants, confirmed the transcriptome data. Several genes implicated in the Toll-like receptors signaling pathways were upregulated in 3D-grown SYNs. In fact, TLR2 blockade and TLR3/7 knockdown stimulated T. cruzi growth, suggesting that these molecules play a significant role in the host cell response to infection. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of DEGs predicted the activation of canonical pathways such as S100 protein family, pathogen induced cytokine storm, wound healing, HIF1α signaling and phagosome formation after T. cruzi exposure. Our findings indicate that SYNs resist infection by eliciting a constitutive pro-inflammatory response and modulating multiple defense mechanisms that interfere with the parasite's intracellular life cycle, contributing to parasite killing and infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Silberstein
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Charles C. Chung
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment Team, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alain Debrabant
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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13
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Santiago PB, da Silva Bentes KL, da Silva WMC, Praça YR, Charneau S, Chaouch S, Grellier P, Dos Santos Silva Ferraz MA, Bastos IMD, de Santana JM, de Araújo CN. Insights into the microRNA landscape of Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13120. [PMID: 37573416 PMCID: PMC10423254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in microRNAs (miRNAs) over recent years has led to their characterization in numerous organisms. However, there is currently a lack of data available on miRNAs from triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae), which are the vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular biology of vectors provides new insights into insect-host interactions and insect control approaches, which are key methods to prevent disease incidence in endemic areas. In this work, we describe the miRNome profiles from gut, hemolymph, and salivary gland tissues of the Rhodnius prolixus triatomine. Small RNA sequencing data revealed abundant expression of miRNAs, along with tRNA- and rRNA-derived fragments. Fifty-two mature miRNAs, previously reported in Ecdysozoa, were identified, including 39 ubiquitously expressed in the three tissues. Additionally, 112, 73, and 78 novel miRNAs were predicted in the gut, hemolymph, and salivary glands, respectively. In silico prediction showed that the top eight most highly expressed miRNAs from salivary glands potentially target human blood-expressed genes, suggesting that R. prolixus may modulate the host's gene expression at the bite site. This study provides the first characterization of miRNAs in a Triatominae species, shedding light on the role of these crucial regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beatriz Santiago
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kaio Luís da Silva Bentes
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Yanna Reis Praça
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Soraya Chaouch
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 0575231, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 61 rue Buffon, 0575231, Paris Cedex, France
| | | | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carla Nunes de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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14
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Gómez I, López MC, Egui A, Palacios G, Carrilero B, Benítez C, Simón M, Segovia M, Carmelo E, Thomas MC. Differential expression profile of genes involved in the immune response associated to progression of chronic Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011474. [PMID: 37440604 PMCID: PMC10368263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic Chagas disease present marked clinical and immunological heterogeneity. During the disease, multiple immune mechanisms are activated to fight the parasite. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of genes involved in relevant immunological processes throughout the disease in patients with chronic Chagas disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS High-throughput RT-qPCR with QuantStudio 12K Flex real-time PCR system was used to evaluate the expression of 106 immune-related genes in PBMC from a cohort of cardiac Chagas disease patients (CCC I), asymptomatic patients (IND) and healthy donors (HD) after being stimulated with T. cruzi soluble antigens. Principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and volcano plots were used to identify differentially expressed genes. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to identify the enriched immunological pathways in which these genes are involved. PCA revealed the existence of a statistically divergent expression profile of the 36 genes correlated with PC1 between CCC I patients and HD (p < 0.0001). Differential gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of 41 genes (expression fold-change > 1.5) and downregulation of 14 genes (expression fold-change < 0.66) (p = 8.4x10-13 to p = 0.007) in CCC I patients versus HD. Furthermore, significant differences in the expression level of specific genes have been identified between CCC I and IND patients (8 up and 1 downregulated). GSEA showed that several upregulated genes in CCC I patients participate in immunological pathways such as antigen-dependent B cell activation, stress induction of HSP regulation, NO2-dependent IL12 pathway in NK cells, cytokines-inflammatory response and IL-10 anti-inflammatory signaling. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac Chagas disease patients show an antigen-specific differential gene expression profile in which several relevant immunological pathways seem to be activated. Assessment of gene expression profiles reveal unique insights into the immune response that occurs along chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Gómez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Egui
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Génesis Palacios
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Bartolomé Carrilero
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Benítez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Simón
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Segovia
- Unidad Regional de Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emma Carmelo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - M Carmen Thomas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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15
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De Fuentes-Vicente JA, Santos-Hernández NG, Ruiz-Castillejos C, Espinoza-Medinilla EE, Flores-Villegas AL, de Alba-Alvarado M, Cabrera-Bravo M, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Vidal-López DG. What Do You Need to Know before Studying Chagas Disease? A Beginner's Guide. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:360. [PMID: 37505656 PMCID: PMC10383928 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most important tropical infections in the world and mainly affects poor people. The causative agent is the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which circulates among insect vectors and mammals throughout the Americas. A large body of research on Chagas disease has shown the complexity of this zoonosis, and controlling it remains a challenge for public health systems. Although knowledge of Chagas disease has advanced greatly, there are still many gaps, and it is necessary to continue generating basic and applied research to create more effective control strategies. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the components of Chagas disease and highlight current trends in research. We hope that this review will be a starting point for beginners and facilitate the search for more specific information.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A De Fuentes-Vicente
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico
| | - Nancy G Santos-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico
| | - Christian Ruiz-Castillejos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico
| | | | - A Laura Flores-Villegas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita Cabrera-Bravo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Dolores G Vidal-López
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29039, Mexico
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16
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De Paula IF, Santos-Araujo S, Majerowicz D, Ramos I, Gondim KC. Knockdown of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) reduces fat body lipid mobilization and resistance to starvation in the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1201670. [PMID: 37469565 PMCID: PMC10352773 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1201670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy stored in fatty acids is essential for several critical activities of insects, such as embryogenesis, oviposition, and flight. Rhodnius prolixus is an obligatory hematophagous hemipteran and vector of Chagas disease, and it feeds infrequently on very large blood meals. As digestion slowly occurs, lipids are synthesized and accumulate in the fat body, mainly as triacylglycerol, in lipid droplets. Between feeding bouts, proper mobilization and oxidation of stored lipids are crucial for survival, and released fatty acids are oxidized by mitochondrial β-oxidation. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1) is the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of the carnitine shuttle, where the activated fatty acid, acyl-CoA, is converted to acyl-carnitine to be transported into the mitochondria. Here, we investigated the role of CPT1 in lipid metabolism and in resistance to starvation in Rhodnius prolixus. The expression of the CPT1 gene (RhoprCpt1) was determined in the organs of adult females on the fourth day after a blood meal, and the flight muscle showed higher expression levels than the ovary, fat body, and anterior and posterior midgut. RhoprCpt1 expression in the fat body dramatically decreased after feeding, and started to increase again 10 days later, but no changes were observed in the flight muscle. β-oxidation rates were determined in flight muscle and fat body homogenates with the use of 3H-palmitate, and in unfed females, they were higher in the flight muscle. In the fat body, lipid oxidation activity did not show any variation before or at different days after feeding, and was not affected by the presence of etomoxir or malonyl-CoA. We used RNAi and generated RhoprCPT1-deficient insects, which surprisingly did not show a decrease in measured 3H-palmitate oxidation rates. However, the RNAi-knockdown females presented increased amounts of triacylglycerol and larger lipid droplets in the fat body, but not in the flight muscle. When subjected to starvation, these insects had a shorter lifespan. These results indicated that the inhibition of RhoprCpt1 expression compromised lipid mobilization and affected resistance to starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iron F. De Paula
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara Santos-Araujo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Majerowicz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia C. Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Lima DA, Gonçalves LO, Reis-Cunha JL, Guimarães PAS, Ruiz JC, Liarte DB, Murta SMF. Transcriptomic analysis of benznidazole-resistant and susceptible Trypanosoma cruzi populations. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:167. [PMID: 37217925 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a serious public health concern in Latin America. Nifurtimox and benznidazole (BZ), the only two drugs currently approved for the treatment of CD, have very low efficacies in the chronic phase of the disease and several toxic side effects. Trypanosoma cruzi strains that are naturally resistant to both drugs have been reported. We performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and BZ-resistant T. cruzi populations using high-throughput RNA sequencing to elucidate the metabolic pathways related to clinical drug resistance and identify promising molecular targets for the development of new drugs for treating CD. METHODS All complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed from the epimastigote forms of each line, sequenced and analysed using the Prinseq and Trimmomatic tools for the quality analysis, STAR as the aligner for mapping the reads against the reference genome (T. cruzi Dm28c-2018), the Bioconductor package EdgeR for statistical analysis of differential expression and the Python-based library GOATools for the functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS The analytical pipeline with an adjusted P-value of < 0.05 and fold-change > 1.5 identified 1819 transcripts that were differentially expressed (DE) between wild-type and BZ-resistant T. cruzi populations. Of these, 1522 (83.7%) presented functional annotations and 297 (16.2%) were assigned as hypothetical proteins. In total, 1067 transcripts were upregulated and 752 were downregulated in the BZ-resistant T. cruzi population. Functional enrichment analysis of the DE transcripts identified 10 and 111 functional categories enriched for the up- and downregulated transcripts, respectively. Through functional analysis we identified several biological processes potentially associated with the BZ-resistant phenotype: cellular amino acid metabolic processes, translation, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation, RNA modification, DNA repair, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, oxidation-reduction processes, protein folding, purine nucleotide metabolic processes and lipid biosynthetic processes. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomic profile of T. cruzi revealed a robust set of genes from different metabolic pathways associated with the BZ-resistant phenotype, proving that T. cruzi resistance mechanisms are multifactorial and complex. Biological processes associated with parasite drug resistance include antioxidant defenses and RNA processing. The identified transcripts, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), provide important information on the resistant phenotype. These DE transcripts can be further evaluated as molecular targets for new drugs against CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Alvarenga Lima
- Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou (IRR/Fiocruz Minas), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Leilane Oliveira Gonçalves
- Informática de Biossistemas, Genômica e Bioengenharia, Instituto René Rachou (IRR/Fiocruz Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Anderson Souza Guimarães
- Informática de Biossistemas, Genômica e Bioengenharia, Instituto René Rachou (IRR/Fiocruz Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Informática de Biossistemas, Genômica e Bioengenharia, Instituto René Rachou (IRR/Fiocruz Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou (IRR/Fiocruz Minas), Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30190-002, Brazil.
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18
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Silva Grijó Farani P, Iandra da Silva Ferreira B, Begum K, Vilar-Pereira G, Pereira IR, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Cardenas-Ovando RA, Almeida IC, Roy S, Lannes-Vieira J, Moreira OC. Treatment with benznidazole and pentoxifylline regulates microRNA transcriptomic profile in a murine model of Chagas chronic cardiomyopathy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011223. [PMID: 36972298 PMCID: PMC10121046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disorders in endemic areas of Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. CCC is characterized by parasite persistence and inflammatory response in the heart tissue, which occur parallel to microRNA (miRNA) alterations. Here, we investigated the miRNA transcriptome profiling in the cardiac tissue of chronically T. cruzi-infected mice treated with a suboptimal dose of benznidazole (Bz), the immunomodulator pentoxifylline alone (PTX), or the combination of both (Bz+PTX), following the CCC onset. At 150 days post-infection, Bz, PTX, and Bz+PTX treatment regimens improved electrocardiographic alterations, reducing the percentage of mice afflicted by sinus arrhythmia and second-degree atrioventricular block (AVB2) when compared with the vehicle-treated animals. miRNA Transcriptome profiling revealed considerable changes in the differential expression of miRNAs in the Bz and Bz+PTX treatment groups compared with the control (infected, vehicle-treated) group. The latter showed pathways related to organismal abnormalities, cellular development, skeletal muscle development, cardiac enlargement, and fibrosis, likely associated with CCC. Bz-Treated mice exhibited 68 differentially expressed miRNAs related to signaling pathways like cell cycle, cell death and survival, tissue morphology, and connective tissue function. Finally, the Bz+PTX-treated group revealed 58 differentially expressed miRNAs associated with key signaling pathways related to cellular growth and proliferation, tissue development, cardiac fibrosis, damage, and necrosis/cell death. The T. cruzi-induced upregulation of miR-146b-5p, previously shown in acutely infected mice and in vitro T. cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes, was reversed upon Bz and Bz+PTX treatment regimens when further experimentally validated. Our results further our understanding of molecular pathways related to CCC progression and evaluation of treatment response. Moreover, the differentially expressed miRNAs may serve as drug targets, associated molecular therapy, or biomarkers of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva Grijó Farani
- Real-Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Iandra da Silva Ferreira
- Real-Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Khodeza Begum
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edith A. Fernández-Figueroa
- Computational and Integrative Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Igor C. Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sourav Roy
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacilio Cruz Moreira
- Real-Time PCR Platform RPT09A, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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19
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Rios LE, Lokugamage N, Garg NJ. Effects of Acute and Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice: Parasite Transmission, Mortality, Delayed Growth, and Organ Damage in Pups. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:313-331. [PMID: 36565805 PMCID: PMC10013038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This study aimed to determine the effects of T. cruzi infection on fertility rate and health of the newborn pups in pregnant mice. Female mice were challenged with T. cruzi and mated at 21 days (acute parasitemic phase) or 90 days (chronic parasite persistence phase) after infection. Pups were examined for growth up to 20 days after birth; and parasite burden in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and intestine was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, and fibrosis in pups' heart and brain tissues were evaluated by histology. T. cruzi infection in dams delayed the onset of pregnancy, decreased the fertility rate, and led to vertical transmission of parasite to the pups. Furthermore, infected dams delivered pups that exhibited decreased survival rate, decreased birth weight, and decreased growth rate. Significantly increased inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis of cardiac and brain tissues were noted in pups born to infected dams. Initial challenge with higher parasite dose had more detrimental effects on fertility rate and pups' health in both acutely and chronically infected dams. In conclusion, mice offer a promising model to evaluate the efficacy of new vaccines and therapeutic drugs in controlling the acute and chronic maternal T. cruzi infection and congenital transmission to newborns, and in improving the fertility rate and pups' health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette E Rios
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Nandadeva Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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20
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Proof of Concept of a Novel Multiepitope Recombinant Protein for the Serodiagnosis of Patients with Chagas Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020312. [PMID: 36839584 PMCID: PMC9965379 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease remains a neglected disease that is considered to be a public health problem. The early diagnosis of cases is important to improve the prognosis of infected patients and prevent transmission. Serological tests are the method of choice for diagnosis. However, two serological tests are currently recommended to confirm positive cases. In this sense, more sensitive and specific serological tests need to be developed to overcome these current diagnosis problems. This study aimed to develop a new recombinant multiepitope protein for the diagnosis of Chagas disease, hereafter named rTC. The rTC was constructed based on amino acid sequences from different combinations of Trypanosoma cruzi antigens in the same polypeptide and tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect different types of Chagas disease. rTC was able to discriminate between indeterminate (IND) and cardiac (CARD) cases and cross-reactive diseases, as well as healthy samples, with 98.28% sensitivity and 96.67% specificity, respectively. These data suggest that rTC has the potential to be tested in future studies against a larger serological panel for the diagnosis of Chagas disease.
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21
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Portela LF, Mesquita MB, Giraldes JM, Varela MC, Brasil PEAA, Costa AR, Mediano MFF, Sangenis LHC, Pedrosa RC, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Saraiva RM. Socio-epidemiological factors and comorbidities associated with Chagas disease manifestations in two urban reference health care centres in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:102-110. [PMID: 35896031 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD) is still an important public health issue in Latin America. This study aims to analyse the association between socio-epidemiological factors and comorbidities with clinical manifestations of CD. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 985 adult patients (65±11 y; 59.5% women) with CD. Data collection was based on questionnaires and medical records review. CD clinical forms (indeterminate, digestive, cardiac and cardiodigestive) and the stages of the cardiac form were classified according to the II Brazilian Consensus on CD. Statistical analyses were based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Older age and Brazilian birth state (Minas Gerais and Bahia) were associated with a greater likelihood of the cardiac form of CD. A greater likelihood of the digestive form was seen in men and those of older age. Patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes were less likely to have the digestive form. Men had a greater likelihood of having a more severe cardiac presentation. Those from Minas Gerais and Bahia states had a greater likelihood of having stage B1 or B2. CONCLUSIONS The results reinforce the aging of the CD population living in urban areas in Brazil, the high prevalence of comorbidities and that epidemiology, sex and the presence of comorbidities may be related to the clinical form of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana F Portela
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra B Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Giraldes
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Margareth C Varela
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Emmanuel A A Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro F F Mediano
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique C Sangenis
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Pedrosa
- Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher-Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.,Latin American Network for Chagas Disease, NHEPACHA
| | - Roberto M Saraiva
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.,Latin American Network for Chagas Disease, NHEPACHA
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22
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Barbiero A, Mazzi M, Mantella A, Trotta M, Rossolini GM, Antonelli A, Bordonaro P, Colao MG, Speciale AR, Di Benedetto T, Di Tommaso M, Mantengoli E, Petraglia F, Galli L, Pezzati M, Dani C, Caldes Pinilla MJ, Berni C, Dannaoui B, Albajar Viñas P, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L. A Questionnaire Integrated with the Digital Medical Record Improved the Coverage of a Control Program for Congenital Chagas Disease in Tuscany, Italy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010154. [PMID: 36677446 PMCID: PMC9866674 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The leading route of Chagas disease transmission in nonendemic countries is congenital. However, policies concerning screening, prevention, and management of congenital Chagas disease are rare in these settings. Since 2012, serological screening for Chagas disease should be provided for pregnant women at risk in Tuscany, Italy according to a Regional resolution. Due to difficulties in the implementation, in November 2019, a checklist aimed at identifying pregnant women at risk for Chagas disease was introduced in digital clinical records at Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Chagas checklist", data about the number of deliveries by women at risk and their screening coverage between 2012 and June 2022 were collected. Out of 1348 deliveries by women at risk, 626 (47%) Trypanosoma cruzi serology tests were performed during the study period. The annual screening coverage increased from an average of 40.3% between 2012 and 2019 to 75.7% between 2020 and June 2022, underlining the big impact of the checklist. Four Chagas disease serological tests out of 626 (0.6%) resulted positive, corresponding to 2 affected women. No cases of congenital transmission occurred. The study showed that a simple digital tool led to a tangible improvement in the coverage of the screening program; its application in a setting where digital charts are available will contribute to the control and elimination of congenital Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barbiero
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzi
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonia Mantella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Tropical Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Trotta
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bordonaro
- Hospital General Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Colao
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Speciale
- Department of Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tullio Di Benedetto
- Department of Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Di Tommaso
- Department of Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Branch, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mantengoli
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Galli
- Department of Health Sciences University of Florence, Paediatric Infectious Diseases Division, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzati
- Pediatric Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, AUSL Toscana Centro, Via Antella, 58, Bagno a Ripoli, 50012 Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria José Caldes Pinilla
- Tuscany Regional Center for Global Health, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Berni
- Citizenship Rights and Social Cohesion Directorate, Tuscany Region, Via Camillo Cavour, 2, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Bassam Dannaoui
- Technological Innovation in Clinical-Assistance Activities Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pedro Albajar Viñas
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Tropical Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Tropical Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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23
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Vásconez-González J, Izquierdo-Condoy JS, Fernandez-Naranjo R, Gamez-Rivera E, Tello-De-la-Torre A, Guerrero-Castillo GS, Ruiz-Sosa C, Ortiz-Prado E. Severe Chagas disease in Ecuador: a countrywide geodemographic epidemiological analysis from 2011 to 2021. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172955. [PMID: 37143984 PMCID: PMC10151800 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a neglected and often forgotten tropical disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite can be transmitted through the direct contact of human skin with feces and urine of the triatomine insect. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 6-7 million people are infected worldwide, killing at least 14,000 every year. The disease has been reported in 20 of the 24 provinces of Ecuador, with El Oro, Guayas, and Loja being the most affected. Methodology We analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates of severe Chagas disease in Ecuador on a nationwide, population-based level. Hospitalization cases and deaths were also examined based on altitude, including low (< 2,500 m) and high (> 2,500 m) altitudes, according to the International Society. Data was retrieved from the National Institute of Statistics and Census hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality databases from 2011 to 2021. Results A total of 118 patients have been hospitalized in Ecuador since 2011 due to Chagas disease. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 69.4% (N = 82). Men have a higher incidence rate (4.8/1,000,000) than women, although women have a significantly higher mortality rate than men (6.9/1,000,000). Conclusion Chagas disease is a severe parasitic condition that primarily affects rural and poorer areas of Ecuador. Men are more likely to be infected due to differences in work and sociocultural activities. Using average elevation data, we conducted a geodemographic analysis to assess incidence rates by altitude. Our findings indicate that the disease is more common at low and moderate altitudes, but recent increases in cases at higher altitudes suggest that environmental changes, such as global warming, could be driving the proliferation of disease-carrying vectors in previously unaffected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vásconez-González
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Raul Fernandez-Naranjo
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Gamez-Rivera
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Tello-De-la-Torre
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Carlos Ruiz-Sosa
- Postgraduate in Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Ortiz-Prado
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Esteban Ortiz-Prado,
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24
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de Araújo JIF, Aires NL, Almeida-Neto FWQ, Marinho MM, Marinho EM, Paula Magalhães E, de Menezes RRPPB, Sampaio TL, Maria Costa Martins A, Teixeira EH, Rafaela Freitas Dotto A, Amaral WD, Teixeira AMR, de Lima-Neto P, Marinho ES, Dos Santos HS. Antiproliferative activity on Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) of the triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihidroxilup-20 (29)-ene isolated from Combretum leprosum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12302-12315. [PMID: 34436980 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1970025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease infects approximately seven million people worldwide. Benznidazole is effective only in the acute phase of the disease, with an average cure rate of 80% between acute and recent cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new bioactive substances that can be effective against parasites without causing so many complications to the host. In this study, the triterpene 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxilup-20 (29)-ene (CLF-1) was isolated from Combretum leprosum, and its molecular structure was determined by NMR and infrared spectroscopy. The CLF-1 was also evaluated in vitro and in silico as potential trypanocidal agent against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain). The CLF-1 demonstrated good results highlighted by lower IC50 (76.0 ± 8.72 µM, 75.1 ± 11.0 µM, and 70.3 ± 45.4 µM) for epimastigotes at 24, 48 and 72 h, and LC50 (71.6 ± 11.6 µM) for trypomastigotes forms. The molecular docking study shows that the CLF-1 was able to interact with important TcGAPDH residues, suggesting that this natural compound may preferentially exert its effect by compromising the glycolytic pathway in T. cruzi. The ADMET study together with the MTT results indicated that the CLF-1 is well-absorbed in the intestine and has low toxicity. Thus, this work adds new evidence that CLF-1 can potentially be used as a candidate for the development of new options for the treatment of Chagas disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ismael F de Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB-Renorbio, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Natália L Aires
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia M Marinho
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciência e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle M Marinho
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Paula Magalhães
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ramon R P P B de Menezes
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago L Sampaio
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Farmacêutica e Bioquímica Clínica (LBFBC), Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edson H Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Rafaela Freitas Dotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Matinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Wanderlei do Amaral
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Magno R Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB-Renorbio, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | - Pedro de Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hélcio S Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB-Renorbio, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Centro de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Brazil
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25
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Piazzesi A, Pane S, Putignani L. How Modulations of the Gut Microbiota May Help in Preventing or Treating Parasitic Diseases. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Ávila MR, Figueiredo PHS, Lima VP, de Oliveira LFL, de Oliveira LFF, Silva WT, Trede Filho RG, de Carvalho Bastone A, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Mediano MFF, Costa HS. The prognostic value of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test in Chagas cardiomyopathy. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:7516-7521. [PMID: 34613873 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1986580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the value of the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) distance to identify patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC) at risk of adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS Fifty-two patients with ChC (51 ± 6 years) were evaluated by ISWT, echocardiography, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, and Human Activity Profile (HAP) Questionnaire. Patients were prospectively followed for 44 ± 10 months. The combined endpoint was cardiac death/heart transplant/stroke. The prognostic value of ISWT was verified by the Cox regression, and the ISWT was adjusted for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2 slope). RESULTS At the final follow-up, 11 patients (21%) had experienced the endpoint event. When adjusted for age, sex, LVEF, and VE/VCO2 slope, only ISWT distance (HR 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98-0.99; p = 0.026) and VE/VCO2 slope (HR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99; p = 0.044) remained as independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ChC. The optimal cutoff point for identifying poor prognosis was the ISWT distance less than 440 m (AUC = 0.72). There was a significant difference (p = 0.032) in the number of events between the groups with low ISWT distance (≤440 m) and high (>440 m) ISWT distance. CONCLUSIONS The ISWT is a valuable tool with potential value in the prognostic evaluation of patients with ChC.Implications for rehabilitationPatients with Chagas cardiomyopathy showed functional impairment since the early stages of heart disease.The Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) can be a valuable and inexpensive tool in the risk stratification of the patients.The ISWT distance is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular event.The ISWT distance of 440m is the optimal cut-off point in the identification of patients at risk for adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Ribeiro Ávila
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pereira Lima
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Luciano Fonseca Lemos de Oliveira
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Frois Fernandes de Oliveira
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Whesley Tanor Silva
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Renato Guilherme Trede Filho
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Alessandra de Carvalho Bastone
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Physical Therapy School, Healthy and Biological Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course of Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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The Characterization of Cardiac Explants Reveals Unique Fibrosis Patterns and a Predominance of CD8+ T Cell Subpopulations in Patients with Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121402. [PMID: 36558736 PMCID: PMC9788058 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to characterize the histopathological findings and the phenotype of inflammatory cells in the myocardial tissue of patients with end-stage heart failure (ESHF) secondary to CCC in comparison with ESHF secondary to non-Chagas cardiomyopathies (NCC). METHODS A total of 32 explanted hearts were collected from transplanted patients between 2014 and 2017. Of these, 21 were classified as CCC and 11 as other NCC. A macroscopic analysis followed by a microscopic analysis were performed. Finally, the phenotypes of the inflammatory infiltrates were characterized using flow cytometry. RESULTS Microscopic analysis revealed more extensive fibrotic involvement in patients with CCC, with more frequent foci of fibrosis, collagen deposits, and degeneration of myocardial fibers, in addition to identifying foci of inflammatory infiltrate of greater magnitude. Finally, cell phenotyping identified more memory T cells, mainly CD8+CD45RO+ T cells, and fewer transitioning T cells (CD45RA+/CD45RO+) in patients with CCC compared with the NCC group. CONCLUSIONS CCC represents a unique form of myocardial involvement characterized by abundant inflammatory infiltrates, severe interstitial fibrosis, extensive collagen deposits, and marked cardiomyocyte degeneration. The structural myocardial changes observed in late-stage Chagas cardiomyopathy appear to be closely related to the presence of cardiac fibrosis and the colocalization of collagen fibers and inflammatory cells, a finding that serves as a basis for the generation of new hypotheses aimed at better understanding the role of inflammation and fibrogenesis in the progression of CCC. Finally, the predominance of memory T cells in CCC compared with NCC hearts highlights the critical role of the parasite-specific lymphocytic response in the course of the infection.
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28
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Ormachea O, Villazón A, Rodriguez P, Zimic M. A Smartphone-Based Low-Cost Inverted Laser Fluorescence Microscope for Disease Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:960. [PMID: 36354469 PMCID: PMC9688076 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is an important tool for disease diagnosis, often requiring costly optical components, such as fluorescence filter cubes and high-power light sources. Due to its high cost, conventional fluorescence microscopy cannot be fully exploited in low-income settings. Smartphone-based fluorescence microscopy becomes an interesting low-cost alternative, but raises challenges in the optical system. We present the development of a low-cost inverted laser fluorescence microscope that uses a smartphone to visualize the fluorescence image of biological samples. Our fluorescence microscope uses a laser-based simplified optical filter system that provides analog optical filtering capabilities of a fluorescence filter cube. Firstly, we validated our inverted optical filtering by visualizing microbeads labeled with three different fluorescent compounds or fluorophores commonly used for disease diagnosis. Secondly, we validated the disease diagnosis capabilities by comparing the results of our device with those of a commercial fluorescence microscope. We successfully detected and visualized Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, responsible for the Chagas infectious disease and the presence of Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies of the ANCA non-communicable autoimmune disease. The samples were labeled with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorophore, one of the most commonly used fluorophores for disease diagnosis. Our device provides a 400× magnification and is at least one order of magnitude cheaper than conventional commercial fluorescence microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ormachea
- Centro de Investigaciones Opticas y Energías (CIOE), Universidad Privada Boliviana (UPB), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Alex Villazón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Nuevas Tecnologías Informáticas (CINTI), Universidad Privada Boliviana (UPB), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Patricia Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
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Choudhuri S, Garg NJ. Platelets, Macrophages, and Thromboinflammation in Chagas Disease. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5689-5706. [PMID: 36217453 PMCID: PMC9547606 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s380896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a major health problem in the Americas and an emerging health problem in Europe and other nonendemic countries. Several studies have documented persistence of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and oxidative and inflammatory stress are major pathogenic factor. Mural and cardiac thrombi, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy are major clinical features of CD. During T. cruzi infection, parasite-released factors induce endothelial dysfunction along with platelet (PLT) and immune-cell activation. PLTs have a fundamental role in maintaining hemostasis and preventing bleeding after vascular injury. Excessive activation of PLTs and coagulation cascade can result in thrombosis and thromboembolic events, which are recognized to occur in seropositive individuals in early stages of CD when clinically symptomatic heart disease is not apparent. Several host and parasite factors have been identified to signal hypercoagulability and increase the risk of ischemic stroke in early phases of CD. Further, PLT interaction with immune cells and their role in host defense against pathogens and inflammatory processes have only recently been recognized and evolving. In the context of parasitic diseases, PLTs function in directly responding to T. cruzi infection, and PLT interactions with immune cells in shaping the proinflammatory or immunoregulatory function of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils remains elusive. How T. cruzi infection alters systemic microenvironment conditions to influence PLT and immune-cell interactions is not understood. In this review, we discuss the current literature, and extrapolate the mechanistic situations to explain how PLT and innate immune cell (especially monocytes and macrophages) interactions might be sustaining hypercoagulability and thromboinflammation in chronic CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Brochet P, Ianni B, Nunes JPS, Frade AF, Teixeira PC, Mady C, Ferreira LRP, Kuramoto A, Pissetti CW, Saba B, Cândido DDS, Dias F, Sampaio M, Marin-Neto JA, Fragata A, Zaniratto RC.F, Siqueira S, Peixoto GDL, Rigaud VOC, Buck P, Almeida RR, Lin-Wang HT, Schmidt A, Martinelli M, Hirata MH, Donadi E, Rodrigues Junior V, Pereira AC, Kalil J, Spinelli L, Cunha-Neto E, Chevillard C. Blood DNA methylation marks discriminate Chagas cardiomyopathy disease clinical forms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1020572. [PMID: 36248819 PMCID: PMC9558220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a parasitic disease from South America, affecting around 7 million people worldwide. Decades after the infection, 30% of people develop chronic forms, including Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC), for which no treatment exists. Two stages characterized this form: the moderate form, characterized by a heart ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 0.4, and the severe form, associated to an EF < 0.4. We propose two sets of DNA methylation biomarkers which can predict in blood CCC occurrence, and CCC stage. This analysis, based on machine learning algorithms, makes predictions with more than 95% accuracy in a test cohort. Beyond their predictive capacity, these CpGs are located near genes involved in the immune response, the nervous system, ion transport or ATP synthesis, pathways known to be deregulated in CCCs. Among these genes, some are also differentially expressed in heart tissues. Interestingly, the CpGs of interest are tagged to genes mainly involved in nervous and ionic processes. Given the close link between methylation and gene expression, these lists of CpGs promise to be not only good biomarkers, but also good indicators of key elements in the development of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Brochet
- Aix Marseille Univ, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
| | - Barbara Ianni
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P. S. Nunes
- Aix Marseille Univ, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Frade
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila C. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Myocardiopathies and Aortic Diseases Unit, Heart Institute, Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila R. P. Ferreira
- RNA Systems Biology Laboratory (RSBL), Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andreia Kuramoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina W. Pissetti
- Laboratory of Immunology, Universidade Federal Do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Bruno Saba
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular em Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darlan D. S. Cândido
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Dias
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sampaio
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular em Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A. Marin-Neto
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Abílio Fragata
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular em Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C .F. Zaniratto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Siqueira
- Pacemaker Clinic, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle D. L. Peixoto
- Pacemaker Clinic, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner O. C. Rigaud
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Buck
- Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R. Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hui Tzu Lin-Wang
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular em Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia Dante Pazzanese (IDPC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Schmidt
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Martino Martinelli
- Pacemaker Clinic, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario H. Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre C. Pereira
- Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Christophe Chevillard, ; Edecio Cunha-Neto, ; Lionel Spinelli,
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração(InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, INCT, iii- Institute for Investigation in Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Christophe Chevillard, ; Edecio Cunha-Neto, ; Lionel Spinelli,
| | - Christophe Chevillard
- Aix Marseille Univ, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Christophe Chevillard, ; Edecio Cunha-Neto, ; Lionel Spinelli,
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Extracellular Vesicles in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: Immunomodulatory Effects and Future Perspectives as Potential Control Tools against Chagas Disease. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:5230603. [PMID: 36033396 PMCID: PMC9402373 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5230603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a major public health problem affecting more than 6 million people worldwide. Many challenges remain in the quest to control Chagas disease: the diagnosis presents several limitations and the two available treatments cause several side effects, presenting limited efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease. In addition, there are no preventive vaccines or biomarkers of therapeutic response or disease outcome. Trypomastigote form and T. cruzi-infected cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are involved in cell-to-cell communication and can modulate the host immune response. Importantly, EVs have been described as promising tools for the development of new therapeutic strategies, such as vaccines, and for the discovery of new biomarkers. Here, we review and discuss the role of EVs secreted during T. cruzi infection and their immunomodulatory properties. Finally, we briefly describe their potential for biomarker discovery and future perspectives as vaccine development tools for Chagas Disease.
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Gómez-Ochoa SA, Bautista-Niño PK, Rojas LZ, Hunziker L, Muka T, Echeverría LE. Circulating MicroRNAs and myocardial involvement severity in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:922189. [PMID: 36004323 PMCID: PMC9393411 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.922189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCM) is characterized by a unique pathophysiology in which inflammatory, microvascular and neuroendocrine processes coalesce in the development of one of the most severe cardiomyopathies affecting humans. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, scarce information is available regarding microRNAs and clinical parameters of disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the association between circulating levels of six microRNAs with markers of myocardial injury and prognosis in this population. Methods Patients with CCM and reduced ejection fraction were included in a prospective exploratory cohort study. We assessed the association of natural log-transformed values of six circulating microRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-208a-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-223-5p, let-7d-5p, and miR-454-5p) with NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic variables using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. By using Cox Proportional Hazard models, we examined whether levels of microRNAs could predict a composite outcome (CO), including all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation, and implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Finally, for mRNAs showing significant associations, we predicted the target genes and performed pathway analyses using Targetscan and Reactome Pathway Browser. Results Seventy-four patients were included (59% males, median age: 64 years). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and heart failure medications, only increasing miR-223-5p relative expression levels were significantly associated with better myocardial function markers, including left atrium area (Coef. -10.2; 95% CI -16.35; -4.09), end-systolic (Coef. -45.3; 95% CI -74.06; -16.61) and end-diastolic volumes (Coef. -46.1; 95% CI -81.99; -10.26) of the left ventricle. Moreover, we observed that higher miR-223-5p levels were associated with better left-ventricle ejection fraction and lower NT-proBNP levels. No associations were observed between the six microRNAs and the composite outcome. A total of 123 target genes for miR-223-5p were obtained. From these, several target pathways mainly related to signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases were identified. Conclusions The present study found an association between miR-223-5p and clinical parameters of CCM, with signaling pathways related to receptor tyrosine kinases as a potential mechanism linking low levels of miR-223-5p with CCM worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyda Z. Rojas
- Research Group and Development of Nursing Knowledge (GIDCEN-FCV), Research Center, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Lukas Hunziker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Taulant Muka,
| | - Luis E. Echeverría
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Clinic, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
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Arrua EC, Hartwig O, Loretz B, Goicoechea H, Murgia X, Lehr CM, Salomon CJ. Improving the oral delivery of benznidazole nanoparticles by optimizing the formulation parameters through a design of experiment and optimization strategy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112678. [PMID: 35816885 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease affecting the American continent and also some regions of Europe. Benznidazole, approved by FDA, is a drug of choice but its poor aqueous solubility may lead to a low bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to formulate nanoparticles of benznidazole for improving its solubility, dissolution and permeability. A Plackett-Burman design was applied to identify the effect of 5 factors over 4 responses. Then, a Central Composite design was applied to estimate the values of the most important factors leading to the best compromise between highest nanoprecipitation efficiency, drug solubility and lower particle size. The optimized nanoparticles were evaluated for in vitro drug release in biorelevant media, stability studies and transmission electron microscopy. Biocompatibility and permeability of nanoparticles were evaluated on the Caco-2 cell line. The findings of the optimization process indicated that concentration of drug and stabilizer influenced significantly the particle size while concentration of stabilizer and organic/water phase volume ratio mainly influenced the drug solubility. Stability studies suggested that benznidazole nanoparticles were stable after 12 months at different temperatures. Minimal interactions of those nanoparticles and mucin glycoproteins suggested favorable properties to address the intestinal mucus barrier. Cell viability studies confirmed the safety profile of the optimized formulation and showed an increased permeation through the Caco-2 cells. Thus, this study confirmed the suitability of the design of experiment and optimization approach to elucidate critical parameters influencing the quality of benznidazole nanoparticles, which could lead to a more efficient management of Chagas disease by oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Arrua
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Olga Hartwig
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Héctor Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claudio J Salomon
- Instituto de Química de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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Silver Nanoparticles Containing Fucoidan Synthesized by Green Method Have Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Activity. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122059. [PMID: 35745396 PMCID: PMC9231105 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi synthesizes three bioactive fucoidans, the most abundant of which is fucan A. This fucoidan was extracted and its identity was confirmed by chemical analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and agarose gel electrophoresis. Thereafter, silver nanoparticles containing fucan A (AgFuc) were produced using an environmentally friendly synthesis method. AgFuc synthesis was analyzed via UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR, which confirmed the presence of both silver and fucan A in the AgFuc product. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy revealed that the AgFuc particles were ~180.0 nm in size and spherical in shape. DLS further demonstrated that AgFuc was stable for five months. Coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry showed that the AgFuc particles contained 5% silver and 95% sugar. AgFuc was shown to be more effective in inhibiting the ability of parasites to reduce MTT than fucan A or silver, regardless of treatment time. In addition, AgFuc induced the death of ~60% of parasites by necrosis and ~17% by apoptosis. Therefore, AgFuc induces damage to the parasites' mitochondria, which suggests that it is an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent. This is the first study to analyze silver nanoparticles containing fucan as an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent. Our data indicate that AgFuc nanoparticles have potential therapeutic applications, which should be determined via preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Rubio-Hernández M, Alcolea V, Pérez-Silanes S. Potential of sulfur-selenium isosteric replacement as a strategy for the development of new anti-chagasic drugs. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106547. [PMID: 35667455 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment for Chagas disease is based on only two drugs: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Compounds containing sulfur (S) in their structure have shown promising results in vitro and in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease. Notably, some reports show that the isosteric replacement of S by selenium (Se) could be an interesting strategy for the development of new compounds for the treatment of Chagas disease. To date, the activity against T. cruzi of three Se- containing groups has been compared with their S counterparts: selenosemicarbazones, selenoquinones, and selenocyanates. More studies are needed to confirm the positive results of Se compounds. Therefore, we have investigated S compounds described in the literature tested against T. cruzi. We focused on those tested in vivo that allowed isosteric replacement to propose their Se counterparts as promising compounds for the future development of new drugs against Chagas disease.
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Schijman AG, Alonso-Padilla J, Longhi SA, Picado A. Parasitological, serological and molecular diagnosis of acute and chronic Chagas disease: from field to laboratory. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e200444. [PMID: 35613155 PMCID: PMC9164950 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus on the diagnostic algorithms for many scenarios of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, which hinders the establishment of governmental guidelines in endemic and non-endemic countries. In the acute phase, parasitological methods are currently employed, and standardised surrogate molecular tests are being introduced to provide higher sensitivity and less operator-dependence. In the chronic phase, IgG-based serological assays are currently used, but if a single assay does not reach the required accuracy, PAHO/WHO recommends at least two immunological tests with different technical principles. Specific algorithms are applied to diagnose congenital infection, screen blood and organ donors or conduct epidemiological surveys. Detecting Chagas disease reactivation in immunosuppressed individuals is an area of increasing interest. Due to its neglect, enhancing access to diagnosis of patients at risk of suffering T. cruzi infection should be a priority at national and regional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gabriel Schijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr Hector Torres, CONICET, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Andrea Longhi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr Hector Torres, CONICET, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Albert Picado
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vaccine Design against Chagas Disease Focused on the Use of Nucleic Acids. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040587. [PMID: 35455336 PMCID: PMC9028413 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is endemic to Central and South America. However, it has spread around the world and affects several million people. Treatment with currently available drugs cause several side effects and require long treatment times to eliminate the parasite, however, this does not improve the chronic effects of the disease such as cardiomyopathy. A therapeutic vaccine for Chagas disease may be able to prevent the disease and improve the chronic effects such as cardiomyopathy. This vaccine would be beneficial for both infected people and those which are at risk in endemic and non-endemic areas. In this article, we will review the surface antigens of T. cruzi, in order to choose those that are most antigenic and least variable, to design effective vaccines against the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Also, we discuss aspects of the design of nucleic acid-based vaccines, which have been developed and proven to be effective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The role of co-adjuvants and delivery carriers is also discussed. We present an example of a chimeric trivalent vaccine, based on experimental work, which can be used to design a vaccine against Chagas disease.
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Santana MDA, Leal ARDS, de Sousa RLT, Brandão Dos Santos LV, Mascarenhas MDM, Rodrigues MTP, Mendonça VJ. Epidemiological aspects of Chagas disease in the state of Piauí (Northeast Brazil) in the period 2010-2019. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106338. [PMID: 35114171 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (ChD), caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important morbidity that affects approximately six million people in the American continent. T. cruzi parasites are mainly transmitted to human by the infected feces of blood-sucking triatomine insects. The persistent disease is endemic in many regions of South America, mostly affecting residents of rural areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological aspects of ChD in the state of Pi-auí located in northeastern Brazil. This is an analytical cross-sectional study carried out from the collection of data of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN, in Portuguese, Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação) of suspected and confirmed cases of acute ChD in the state of Piauí, in the period 2010-2019. Associations between T. cruzi positivity and the study variables were determined by the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and were raised as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence interval. According to this survey, 517 suspected cases of acute ChD were reported in Piauí, with 70 cases (13.5%) confirmed. In 88.5% of confirmed cases, confirmation occurred by laboratory diagnosis. Most of the confirmed cases occurred in municipalities located in the semiarid region, with the municipality of São João do Piauí presenting the highest number of cases. Regarding sociodemographic data, females represent 55.7% of cases, people over 50 years of age (55.7%), being three cases in people up to 18 years of age, and less than 8 years of schooling (67.1%). 77.9% of confirmed cases had vector transmission as the probable form of infection. The data available in this study conclude that vectorial transmission of ChD in the state of Piauí remains active. This fact is corroborated by the number of notified and confirmed cases of acute ChD, requiring housing improvement programs and more effective epidemiological surveillance to control the transmission of the disease in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricélia de Aquino Santana
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Universidade Federal do Piauí Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Anangela Ravena da Silva Leal
- Departamento de Biologia Parasitária, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas-LABIMDOE, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Leoberto Torres de Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia Parasitária, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas-LABIMDOE, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Luan Victor Brandão Dos Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Universidade Federal do Piauí Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí CEP 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Márcio Denis Medeiros Mascarenhas
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Universidade Federal do Piauí Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí CEP 64049-550, Brazil; Centro de Inteligências em Agravos Tropicais e negligenciados, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, CEP 64001-450
| | - Malvina Thaís Pacheco Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Medicina Comunitária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Universidade Federal do Piauí Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí CEP 64049-550, Brazil; Centro de Inteligências em Agravos Tropicais e negligenciados, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, CEP 64001-450
| | - Vagner José Mendonça
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Parasitologia e Microbiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Universidade Federal do Piauí Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí CEP 64049-550, Brazil; Centro de Inteligências em Agravos Tropicais e negligenciados, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, CEP 64001-450..
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Chloride substitution on 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenylchalcones improves in vitro selectivity on Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Santi AMM, Murta/ SMF. Antioxidant defence system as a rational target for Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis chemotherapy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210401. [PMID: 35239945 PMCID: PMC8896756 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., respectively. They are among the most important parasitic diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide, being a considerable global challenge. However, there is no human vaccine available against T. cruzi and Leishmania infections, and their control is based mainly on chemotherapy. Treatments for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis have multiple limitations, mainly due to the high toxicity of the available drugs, long-term treatment protocols, and the occurrence of drug-resistant parasite strains. In the case of Chagas disease, there is still the problem of low cure rates in the chronic stage of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic agents and novel targets for drug development are urgently needed. Antioxidant defence in Trypanosomatidae is a potential target for chemotherapy because the organisms present a unique mechanism for trypanothione-dependent detoxification of peroxides, which differs from that found in vertebrates. Cellular thiol redox homeostasis is maintained by the biosynthesis and reduction of trypanothione, involving different enzymes that act in concert. This study provides an overview of the antioxidant defence focusing on iron superoxide dismutase A, tryparedoxin peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase and how the enzymes play an important role in the defence against oxidative stress and their involvement in drug resistance mechanisms in T. cruzi and Leishmania spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Murta Santi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta/
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Ramírez JC, Acevedo GR, Torres C, Parrado R, De La Barra A, Villarroel S, García L, Gascon J, Ortiz L, Torrico F, Ribeiro I, Schijman AG. Genetic polymorphism of Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream populations in adult chronic indeterminate Chagas disease patients from the E1224 clinical trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:578-584. [PMID: 34865002 PMCID: PMC8865008 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role that the genetic diversity of natural Trypanosoma cruzi populations plays in response to trypanocidal treatment of chronic Chagas disease (CD) patients remains to be understood. We analysed the genetic polymorphisms of parasite bloodstream populations infecting chronic CD patients enrolled in the E1224 clinical trial. METHODS A total of 506 baseline and post-treatment follow-up samples from 188 patients were analysed. T. cruzi satellite DNA (satDNA) was amplified and sequenced using cruzi1/cruzi2 primers, and samples with TcI/III, TcII, TcIV or hybrid satDNA sequences were identified. Minicircle signatures were obtained after kinetoplast DNA amplification using 121/122 primers and restriction enzyme digestion. Genetic distances between baseline and post-treatment minicircle signatures were estimated using the Jaccard coefficient. RESULTS At baseline, 74.3% TcII, 17.9% hybrid and 7.8% TcI/III satDNA sequences were found, whereas at the end of follow-up the distribution was 55.2% TcII, 35.2% hybrid and 9.5% TcI/III. The placebo arm was the treatment group with the highest variation of satDNA sequences between baseline and post-treatment follow-up. Genetic distances between baseline and post-treatment minicircle signatures were similar among all treatment arms. No association between minicircle signature variability and satDNA type distribution was found. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variability of T. cruzi bloodstream populations during post-treatment follow-up did not differ from that observed during chronic infection in the absence of treatment, suggesting that there were no selection events of E1224-resistant parasite populations. This is the first report documenting the genetic polymorphism of natural T. cruzi populations in chronic patients in the context of clinical trials with trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Raúl Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rudy Parrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Anabelle De La Barra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Sandro Villarroel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Lineth García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIBISMED), Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz
- Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho, Tarija, Bolivia
| | - Faustino Torrico
- Colectivo de Estudios Aplicados y Desarrollo Social (CEADES), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Isabela Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Gabriel Schijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Corresponding author. E-mail: or
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Medina-Rincón GJ, Gallo-Bernal S, Jiménez PA, Cruz-Saavedra L, Ramírez JD, Rodríguez MJ, Medina-Mur R, Díaz-Nassif G, Valderrama-Achury MD, Medina HM. Molecular and Clinical Aspects of Chronic Manifestations in Chagas Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111493. [PMID: 34832648 PMCID: PMC8619182 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic manifestations of Chagas disease present as disabling and life-threatening conditions affecting mainly the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Although meaningful research has outlined the different molecular mechanisms underlying Trypanosoma cruzi’s infection and the host-parasite interactions that follow, prompt diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge, particularly in developing countries and also in those where the disease is considered non-endemic. This review intends to present an up-to-date review of the parasite’s life cycle, genetic diversity, virulence factors, and infective mechanisms, as well as the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of the main chronic complications of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán J. Medina-Rincón
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-310-817-2369
| | - Sebastián Gallo-Bernal
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paula A. Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (P.A.J.); (L.C.-S.); (J.D.R.)
| | - María Juliana Rodríguez
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Ramón Medina-Mur
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Gustavo Díaz-Nassif
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | | | - Héctor M. Medina
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (S.G.-B.); (M.D.V.-A.); (H.M.M.)
- Division of Cardiology, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá 110131, Colombia; (M.J.R.); (R.M.-M.)
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Besednova NN, Zaporozhets TS, Andryukov BG, Kryzhanovsky SP, Ermakova SP, Kuznetsova TA, Voronova AN, Shchelkanov MY. Antiparasitic Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Marine Hydrobionts. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:637. [PMID: 34822508 PMCID: PMC8624348 DOI: 10.3390/md19110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents materials characterizing sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) of marine hydrobionts (algae and invertebrates) as potential means for the prevention and treatment of protozoa and helminthiasis. The authors have summarized the literature on the pathogenetic targets of protozoa on the host cells and on the antiparasitic potential of polysaccharides from red, brown and green algae as well as certain marine invertebrates. Information about the mechanisms of action of these unique compounds in diseases caused by protozoa has also been summarized. SPS is distinguished by high antiparasitic activity, good solubility and an almost complete absence of toxicity. In the long term, this allows for the consideration of these compounds as effective and attractive candidates on which to base drugs, biologically active food additives and functional food products with antiparasitic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N. Besednova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.S.Z.); (B.G.A.); (T.A.K.); (A.N.V.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.S.Z.); (B.G.A.); (T.A.K.); (A.N.V.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Boris G. Andryukov
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.S.Z.); (B.G.A.); (T.A.K.); (A.N.V.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Medical Association of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.S.Z.); (B.G.A.); (T.A.K.); (A.N.V.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Anastasia N. Voronova
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.S.Z.); (B.G.A.); (T.A.K.); (A.N.V.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Mikhail Y. Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.S.Z.); (B.G.A.); (T.A.K.); (A.N.V.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Structural Optimization and Biological Activity of Pyrazole Derivatives: Virtual Computational Analysis, Recovery Assay and 3D Culture Model as Potential Predictive Tools of Effectiveness against Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216742. [PMID: 34771151 PMCID: PMC8587750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, a chronic and silent disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is currently a global public health problem. The treatment of this neglected disease relies on benznidazole and nifurtimox, two nitroheterocyclic drugs that show limited efficacy and severe side effects. The failure of potential drug candidates in Chagas disease clinical trials highlighted the urgent need to identify new effective chemical entities and more predictive tools to improve translational success in the drug development pipeline. In this study, we designed a small library of pyrazole derivatives (44 analogs) based on a hit compound, previously identified as a T. cruzi cysteine protease inhibitor. The in vitro phenotypic screening revealed compounds 3g, 3j, and 3m as promising candidates, with IC50 values of 6.09 ± 0.52, 2.75 ± 0.62, and 3.58 ± 0.25 µM, respectively, against intracellular amastigotes. All pyrazole derivatives have good oral bioavailability prediction. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed increased potency of 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole-imidazoline derivatives with the Br, Cl, and methyl substituents in the para-position. The 3m compound stands out for its trypanocidal efficacy in 3D microtissue, which mimics tissue microarchitecture and physiology, and abolishment of parasite recrudescence in vitro. Our findings encourage the progression of the promising candidate for preclinical in vivo studies.
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Keogh A, Ferguson W, Nolder D, Doyle E, McEntagart N. Vertical Transmission of Trypanosoma Cruzi in a Non-Endemic Country: Histology of the Infected Placenta. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:559-563. [PMID: 34369222 DOI: 10.1177/10935266211012192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, once confined to rural Latin America is an increasing public health concern in non-endemic countries due to population movements. Here we present an unexpected finding of a placenta infected with T. cruzi from a Brazilian woman residing in Ireland. Histology of the placenta showed a lymphocytic chorioamnionitis with multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) as well as cord vasculitis and funisitis. Amastigotes of trypanosomiasis were found in both cord and membranes. The placenta parenchyma, however, had no villitis or amastigotes and maturation was appropriate for gestation. To date, there have been few reported cases of vertical transmission in non-endemic countries. We discuss the histological findings and review the literature on potential modes of transmission from mother to fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keogh
- Department of Histopathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wendy Ferguson
- Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Debbie Nolder
- Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, UK
| | - Emma Doyle
- Department of Histopathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Noel McEntagart
- Department of Histopathology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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46
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Parreira de Aquino G, Mendes Gomes MA, Köpke Salinas R, Laranjeira-Silva MF. Lipid and fatty acid metabolism in trypanosomatids. MICROBIAL CELL 2021; 8:262-275. [PMID: 34782859 PMCID: PMC8561143 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.11.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomiases and leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases that have been spreading to previously non-affected areas in recent years. Identification of new chemotherapeutics is needed as there are no vaccines and the currently available treatment options are highly toxic and often ineffective. The causative agents for these diseases are the protozoan parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family, and they alternate between invertebrate and vertebrate hosts during their life cycles. Hence, these parasites must be able to adapt to different environments and compete with their hosts for several essential compounds, such as amino acids, vitamins, ions, carbohydrates, and lipids. Among these nutrients, lipids and fatty acids (FAs) are essential for parasite survival. Trypanosomatids require massive amounts of FAs, and they can either synthesize FAs de novo or scavenge them from the host. Moreover, FAs are the major energy source during specific life cycle stages of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania. Therefore, considering the distinctive features of FAs metabolism in trypanosomatids, these pathways could be exploited for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. In this review, we highlight specific aspects of lipid and FA metabolism in the protozoan parasites T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania spp., as well as the pathways that have been explored for the development of new chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Köpke Salinas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ortega-Arroyo A, Flores-Chavez MD, Puente-Alcaraz J. Combined use of two rapid tests for the conclusive diagnosis of Chagas disease: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047825. [PMID: 34716159 PMCID: PMC8559098 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this systematic scoping review is to collect and summarise scientific evidence regarding the validity of two simultaneous immunochromatographic tests for the conclusive diagnosis of Chagas disease. The research was informed by the following review questions: Will the use of two rapid tests be a valid method for the definitive diagnosis of Chagas disease when compared with conventional serological tests? In what type of population has the operation of two rapid tests been tried for the diagnosis of Chagas disease? What are the biomedical and public health advantages of the diagnostic method resulting from the combination of two rapid tests over the conventional serological method? Will it be a cost-benefit strategy for the diagnosis of Chagas with respect to conventional serological tests? DESIGN Systematic scoping review. SETTING A search of the published and unpublished literature in five databases was carried out, in order to identify, screen and select the studies included in this review. RESULTS 468 studies were identified, of which 46 were screened with a full-text reading, and finally, three articles were included in the review. All studies were in endemic countries with adult and paediatric populations (n=1133) and, together, they evaluated four different rapid tests. The rapid tests showed good sensitivity (97.4%-100%) and specificity (96.1%-100%) for the diagnosis of Chagas when used in combination and compared with the reference tests. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous use of at least two immunochromatographic rapid tests is a valid option for the definitive diagnosis of chronic Chagas in endemic rural areas, as long as there are studies that previously evaluate their performance on the areas of implementation. Therefore, this could be an alternative to the current diagnostic standard. However, additional studies are still needed in more countries in order to provide further evidence and to investigate the cost-benefit.
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Berto CG, Coyle CM, Friedman L, Walker PF. Where was my patient born? The Intersection of tropical medicine and migrant health. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 34:447-454. [PMID: 34267044 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is unprecedented movement of people across international borders and parasitic infections, previously restricted to endemic regions, are now encountered in nonendemic areas of the world. RECENT FINDINGS Migrants may import parasitic infections acquired in their countries of origin. Increasingly, clinicians in nonendemic regions are faced with patients with neglected diseases such as Chagas disease, malaria and strongyloidiasis. There are gaps in knowledge among physicians in nonendemic regions, which lead to missed opportunities for preventive strategies and early treatment. Both primary care and infectious disease physicians should have a broad knowledge of common parasitic infections to improve health outcomes and decrease healthcare disparities through early identification and treatment of disease encountered in migrants. SUMMARY Migrant health is still a young field in medicine; clinicians should be aware of diseases seen in migrants, and access both educational and clinical resources, including experts in tropical medicine, in order to reduce health disparities among migrants. Collaboration between primary care and infectious disease/tropical medicine experts should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G Berto
- Department of Medicine, NYC Health and Hospitals/Jacobi, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Christina M Coyle
- Department of Medicine, NYC Health and Hospitals/Jacobi, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Disease, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Patricia F Walker
- Department of Medicine, Global Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Health Partners Institute, Bloomington
- HealthPartners Travel and Tropical Medicine Center, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Ramos-Sesma V, Navarro M, Llenas-García J, Gil-Anguita C, Torrus-Tendero D, Wikman-Jorgensen P, García-López M, Amador-Prous C, Ventero-Martín MP, Guevara-Hernández P, Garijo-Saiz A, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Bernal-Alcaraz C, Pujades-Tarraga AI, Muñoz-Perez R, Flores-Chávez M, Ramos-Rincón JM. Community-based screening of Chagas disease among Latin American migrants in a non-endemic country: an observational study. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:117. [PMID: 34526137 PMCID: PMC8441044 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is a parasitic disease endemic to Latin America, but it has become a disease of global concern due to migration flows. Asymptomatic carriers may host the parasite for years, without knowing they are infected. The aim of this study is to assess prevalence of Chagas disease and evaluate the participants' level of knowledge between Latin American migrants attending a community-based screening campaign. METHODS Three community-based campaigns were performed in Alicante (Spain) in 2016, 2017 and 2018, including educational chats and blood tests for Trypanosoma cruzi serology. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing knowledge about the mechanisms of transmission, disease presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. People seropositive for T. cruzi underwent diagnostic confirmation by two different tests. Results were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression and expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs), adjusting for age, sex, and time in Spain. RESULTS A total of 596 participants were included in the study; 17% were aged under 18 years. Prevalence in adults was 11% [54/496; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.3-14.5%] versus 0% among children. All but one case were in Bolivians. Diagnosis was independently associated with having been born in Bolivia (aOR: 102, 95% CI: 13-781) and a primary school-level education (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.14-5.06). Of 54 people diagnosed with Chagas disease (most of whom were asymptomatic), 42 (77.7%) returned to the clinic at least once, and 24 (44.4%) received treatment. Multivariable analysis showed that coming from Argentina (aOR: 13, 95% CI: 1.61-1188) or Bolivia (aOR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.19-3.39) and having received information about Chagas disease in Spain (aOR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.54-8.97) were associated with a good level of knowledge on the disease. Having primary level studies (aOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.34-0.98) and coming from Ecuador (aOR: 4.63, 95% CI: 2.52-847) were independently associated with a lower level of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Community-based interventions are a good strategy for diagnosing neglected diseases such as Chagas disease in non-endemic countries and for identifying and treating infected, asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Navarro
- Public Health, Science History and Gynecology Department, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Epidemiology Unit Public Health Center of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jara Llenas-García
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja de Orihuela (Alicante, Spain)-Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
- Clinical Medicine Department, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Concepción Gil-Anguita
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Marina BaixaLa Vila Joiosa (Alicante, Spain)-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego Torrus-Tendero
- Internal Medicine Department, General University Hospital of Alicante-Biomedical and Health Research Institute of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Parasitology Area, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Philip Wikman-Jorgensen
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sant Joan, (Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain)- FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - María García-López
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja de Orihuela (Alicante, Spain)-Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Concepción Amador-Prous
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Marina BaixaLa Vila Joiosa (Alicante, Spain)-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Guevara-Hernández
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja de Orihuela (Alicante, Spain)-Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Garijo-Saiz
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Marina BaixaLa Vila Joiosa (Alicante, Spain)-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ares Sanchez-Sanchez
- Pediatric Department, General University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Bernal-Alcaraz
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja de Orihuela (Alicante, Spain)-Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Pujades-Tarraga
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Marina BaixaLa Vila Joiosa (Alicante, Spain)-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Roser Muñoz-Perez
- Digestive Service, General University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Flores-Chávez
- Reference and Research Laboratory in Parasitology, National Center of Microbiology/Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón
- Clinical Medicine Department, University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
- Internal Medicine Department, General University Hospital of Alicante-Biomedical and Health Research Institute of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
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Profiro de Oliveira JH, Arruda IES, Izak Ribeiro de Araújo J, Chaves LL, de La Rocca Soares MF, Soares-Sobrinho JL. Why do few drug delivery systems to combat neglected tropical diseases reach the market? An analysis from the technology's stages. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 32:89-114. [PMID: 34424127 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1970746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many drugs used to combat schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis (SCL) have clinical limitations such as: high toxicity to the liver, kidneys and spleen; reproductive, gastrointestinal, and heart disorders; teratogenicity. In this sense, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been described in the literature as a viable option for overcoming the limitations of these drugs. An analysis of the level of development (TRL) of patents can help in determine the steps that must be taken for promising technologies to reach the market. AREAS COVERED This study aimed to analyze the stage of development of DDSs for the treatment of SCL described in patents. In addition, we try to understand the main reasons why many DDSs do not reach the market. In this study, we examined DDSs for drugs indicated by WHO and treatment of SCL, by performing a search for patents. EXPERT OPINION In this present work we provide arguments that support the hypothesis that there is a lack of integration between academia and industry to finance and continue research, especially the development of clinical studies. We cite the translational research consortia as the potential alternative for developing DDSs to combat NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luise Lopes Chaves
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Recife-Pernambuco
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