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Costa RM. Silence between words: Is solitude important for relatedness? PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 287:153-190. [PMID: 39097352 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic loneliness is a risk factor for physical and health problems, in part due to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, temporary moments of positive solitude (passing good times alone and not feeling lonely) appear to have positive effects on mental health, social life, and creativity, and seems to be a buffer against loneliness. Herein, three ways of how solitude may have positive effects on health and relatedness are discussed, namely effects on enhancement of mind-wandering, interoceptive awareness, and spirituality. Solitude may facilitate (1) activation of the default mode network (DMN) underlying mind-wandering including daydreaming about other people; (2) activation of brain areas supporting interoceptive awareness; (3) deactivation of prefrontal cortex, or deactivation and decreased connectivity of the DMN, giving raise to susceptibility to spiritual experiences. The capacity to handle and enjoy solitude is a developmental process that may be difficult for many persons. Craving for social connections and external stimulation with digital technologies (e.g., internet, smartphones, social media) might be interfering with the development of the capacity for solitude and thereby increasing loneliness; this might be partly due to impaired interoceptive awareness and impaired functional mind-wandering (common in solitude). Congruently, overuse of digital technologies was associated with reduced activity, and reduced gray matter volume and density, in brain areas supporting interoceptive awareness, as well as with decreased connectivity of the DMN supporting creative insights. Solitude has been a relatively dismissed topic in neuroscience and health sciences, but a growing number of studies is highlighting its importance for well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Miguel Costa
- William James Center for Research, Ispa-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
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2
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Bai Y, Qu J, Li D, Yin H. Neural basis underlying the relation between internet addiction tendency and sleep quality: The intrinsic default-mode network connectivity pathways. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 195:112264. [PMID: 37977269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) tendency is considered an addictive behavior that results from excessive Internet use, and severely affecting an individual's physical health, emotion, and sleep. Although previous studies indicated that IA tendency was negatively correlated with sleep quality, the underlying neural basis of this relationship remained unclear. To address this issue, we utilized resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis to identify the neural pathways of the relationship between IA tendency and sleep quality. The behavioral results indicated a positive correlation between these two factors. And RSFC results revealed that IA tendency was positively related to the strength of functional connectivity within the default-mode network (DMN), including the right precuneus-left middle temporal gyrus (rPrcu-lMTG), the left anterior cingulate-left superior frontal gyrus (lAC-lSFG), and the left inferior parietal lobe-left medial superior frontal gyrus (lIPL-lMSFG). More importantly, mediation analysis demonstrated that IA tendency could mediate the relationship between these functional couplings and sleep quality. In conclusion, our findings suggest that intrinsic DMN connectivity may be an important neural pathways underlying the effects of IA tendency on sleep quality, and provide neural evidence for understanding the relationship between IA tendency and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youling Bai
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410081, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410081, China
| | - Jianguo Qu
- School of Educational Sciences, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410081, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410081, China.
| | - Huazhan Yin
- School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410081, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410081, China.
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Yu J, Abdullah MFIL, Mansor NS. EEG components of inhibitory control ability in internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3388. [PMID: 38376031 PMCID: PMC10808847 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory control ability is a crucial cognitive function that enables individuals to regulate their impulses and behaviors in a goal-directed manner. However, with the increasing prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD), there has been growing concern about the impact of excessive gaming on inhibitory control ability. Despite the accumulating evidence on this topic, the research conclusion on whether people with IGD have worse inhibition control ability than healthy controls remains inconsistent, and the lack of effective electroencephalography prediction indicators further complicates this issue. To address this research gap, the present study aimed to investigate whether N2 event-related potential (ERP) and P3 ERP components could serve as reliable indicators of inhibitory control ability in individuals with IGD. METHODS To achieve this goal, a systematic literature search was conducted in several databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect (EBSCO), SpringerLink, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. The inclusion criteria were strictly implemented to ensure the quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis. In the end, a total of 5 studies, with 139 participants diagnosed with IGD and 139 healthy controls, were included in the analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed large effect sizes of N2 and P3 amplitudes in individuals with IGD, indicating that these two ERP components could be potential indicators of inhibitory control ability. Specifically, the N2 and P3 amplitude was significantly larger in individuals with IGD than in the healthy control group, suggesting deficits in inhibitory control function and increased impulsivity in the IGD group. In the inhibition control task, the IGD group required more cognitive resources to suppress impulsive responses. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis shed light on the potential use of N2 and P3 amplitudes as reliable indicators of inhibitory control ability in individuals with IGD. The results provide crucial insights into the neural mechanisms underlying inhibitory control impairment in IGD, which could inform the development of effective interventions for this condition. Further research is needed to explore the functional significance of these ERP components and their potential clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Yu
- Department of Community HealthAdvanced Medical and Dental InstituteUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
| | | | - Nor Shuhada Mansor
- Department of Community HealthAdvanced Medical and Dental InstituteUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
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Bernstein K, Zarski AC, Pekarek E, Schaub MP, Berking M, Baumeister H, Ebert DD. Case report for an internet- and mobile-based intervention for internet use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:700520. [PMID: 37559920 PMCID: PMC10407126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.700520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internet use disorder (IUD), characterized as the inability to control one's internet use, is associated with reduced quality of life and mental health comorbidities such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety. Evidence-based treatment options are scarce due to the novelty of the diagnosis. Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI) may be an effective means to deliver psychological treatment to individuals with IUD as they address affected individuals in their online setting. This study presents a newly developed IMI for IUD disclosing treatment satisfaction and preliminary effects by exemplifying with a case report. METHODS The case of a female participant with IUD, characterized by an excessive use of social media, is analyzed. The case report follows the CARE guidelines and presents qualitative and quantitative outcomes regarding potential symptom reduction measured by the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), treatment satisfaction measured by the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) and feasibility by analyzing participant's written feedback during treatment. RESULTS The case report shows that internet- and mobile-based interventions may be feasible in supporting an individual in reducing symptoms of IUD as well as depressive symptoms, anxiety and procrastination behavior. Treatment satisfaction was reported as good. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This case report illustrates that IMIs can have the potential to be an easily accessible and possibly effective treatment option for IUD. Case studies on IMIs may provide insights into important mechanisms for symptom change. Further studies are needed to expand our understanding of this diverse disorder to provide adequate treatment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/,DRKS00015314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Bernstein
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Carlotta Zarski
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- eHealth in Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emilia Pekarek
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, Associated to the University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Berking
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Zhang Y, Li G, Liu C, Chen H, Guo J, Shi Z. Mixed comparison of interventions for different exercise types on students with Internet addiction: a network meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1111195. [PMID: 37303910 PMCID: PMC10249056 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet addiction (IA) has a significant negative impact on students. The condition of students with IA can be improved by exercise, which has been identified as an effective intervention strategy. However, the relative effectiveness of different exercise types and the most effective ones remains unknown. This study presents a network meta-analysis to compare six exercise types (team sport, double sport, single sport, team + double sport, team + single sport, and team + double + single sport) based on their effectiveness in reducing Internet addiction and maintaining mental health. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang, CQVIP, Web of Science, CBM, EBSCO, APA PsycNet, and Scopus, and all relevant studies from the beginning to 15 July 2022 were included on. According to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 Methodological Quality Evaluation Criteria, the listed studies' bias risk was assessed, while the network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 16.0. Results A total of 39 randomized controlled trials that met all inclusion criteria including 2,408 students with IA were examined. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, exercising significantly improved loneliness, anxiety, depression, and interpersonal sensitivity (p < 0.05). Specifically, the network meta-analysis discovered that the single sport, team sport, double sport, team + double sport, and team + double + single sport had significant effects on improving Internet addiction as compared to the respective control group (p < 0.05); the single sport, team sport, and double sport tend to be effective compared with controls in improving mental health (p < 0.05). Compared with the other five types of sports, the double sport was ranked first and showed the greatest potential to be the best choice (cluster ranking value = 3699.73) in improving Internet addiction (SUCRA = 85.5) and mental health (SUCRA = 93.1). Conclusion Exercise could be suggested as the best alternative when treating IA in students, based on the extensive positive effects of exercise on IA, anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, loneliness, and mental health in IA students. Double sport may be the best type of exercise for Internet-addicted students. However, to further examine the benefits of exercise for IA students, more research is required. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=377035, identifier: CRD42022377035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Intelligence Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Intelligence Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengzhen Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Huohong Chen
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Intelligence Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Wadsley M, Ihssen N. A Systematic Review of Structural and Functional MRI Studies Investigating Social Networking Site Use. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050787. [PMID: 37239257 PMCID: PMC10216498 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the neurocognitive profile underlying the use of social networking sites (SNSs) can help inform decisions about the classification of problematic SNS use as an addictive disorder and elucidate how/when 'SNS addiction' might develop. The present review aimed to synthesize structural and functional MRI research investigating problematic/compulsive forms of SNS use or regular (non-addicted) SNS use behaviours. We conducted a systematic search for research articles published in English using the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to October 2022. Studies meeting our inclusion criteria were assessed for quality and a narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. Twenty-eight relevant articles were identified comprising structural MRI (n = 9), resting-state fMRI (n = 6) and task-based fMRI studies (n = 13). Current evidence suggests that problematic SNS use might be characterised by (1) reduced volume of the ventral striatum, amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and posterior insula; (2) increased ventral striatum and precuneus activity in response to SNS cues; (3) abnormal functional connectivity involving the dorsal attention network; (4) inter-hemispheric communication deficits. Regular SNS use behaviours appear to recruit regions involved in the mentalising network, the self-referential cognition network, the salience network, the reward network and the default mode network. Such findings are at least partially consistent with observations from the substance addiction literature and provide some provisional support for the addictive potential of SNSs. Nonetheless, the present review is limited by the small number of eligible studies and large heterogeneity in the methods employed, and so our conclusions should remain tentative. Moreover, there is a lack of longitudinal evidence suggesting SNSs cause neuroadaptations and thus conclusions that problematic SNS use represents a disease process akin to substance use addictions are premature. More well-powered longitudinal research is needed to establish the neural consequences of excessive and problematic SNS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wadsley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Niklas Ihssen
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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7
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Ayub S, Jain L, Parnia S, Bachu A, Farhan R, Kumar H, Sullivan A, Ahmed S. Treatment Modalities for Internet Addiction in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093345. [PMID: 37176784 PMCID: PMC10179495 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the use of the internet among children and adolescents has dramatically increased, leading to growing concerns regarding the potential risks of excessive internet use and addiction. Addressing these concerns, this systematic review aims to summarize current evidence on the effectiveness of treatment interventions for internet addiction among children and adolescents. METHOD We performed a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar with search terms including "internet addiction", "problematic internet use", "children" or "adolescents", "treatment" and "randomized controlled trial". We found 10 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) meeting the criteria and included them in this systematic review. RESULTS This systematic review analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials focused on treatment interventions for internet addiction in adolescents and young adults. The interventions used were diverse, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, electro-acupuncture (EA), and solution-focused approaches. The measures used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions also varied, but most studies reported moderate to large effect sizes for at least some outcomes. Overall, the studies suggest that interventions such as CBT and EA can be effective in reducing symptoms of internet addiction, internet gaming disorder, and unspecified internet use disorders. School-based programs and brief manualized CBT programs also show promise, though more research is needed to determine their long-term effectiveness. CONCLUSION Promising treatment approaches for internet addiction are emerging, but inconsistencies in conceptualization, language, and diagnostic criteria present some challenges. The growing recognition of problematic internet use, as shown by the DSM-5's recognition of Internet Gaming Disorder, highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach and standardized criteria to facilitate accurate reporting across studies. Continued research is needed to identify effective treatments and diagnostic criteria for internet addiction, with the potential to offer practical insights into effective medications and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Ayub
- Cornerstone Family Healthcare, Newburgh, NY 12550, USA
| | - Lakshit Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shanli Parnia
- CIMPAR, 101 Madison St. Suite 300, Oak Park, IL 60302, USA
| | - Anil Bachu
- Psychiatry Residency Program, Baptist Health UAMS Hospital, 3500 Springhill, Suite 100, North Little Rock, AR 72116, USA
- AHN Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Institute, 4 Allegheny Center, 8th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA
| | - Rabeea Farhan
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Harendra Kumar
- Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Karachi City 74200, Pakistan
| | - Amanda Sullivan
- Quinnipiac University, 275 Mount Carmel Avenue, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Rutland Regional Medical Center, 160 Allen Street, Rutland, VT 05701, USA
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Sun JT, Hu B, Chen TQ, Chen ZH, Shang YX, Li YT, Wang R, Wang W. Internet addiction-induced brain structure and function alterations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:329-342. [PMID: 36899209 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Internet addiction (IA) is a growing social concern and has been intensively studied in recent years. Previous imaging studies have shown that IA may impair brain structure and function, but with no robust conclusions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies in IA. Two separate meta-analyses were conducted for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) studies. All meta-analyses were performed using two analysis methods activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI). The ALE analysis of VBM studies revealed less gray matter volume (GMV) in the supplementary motor area (SMA) (1176 mm3), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (one cluster size is 744 mm3 and the other is 688 mm3), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (624 mm3) in subjects with IA. The SDM-PSI analysis showed less GMV in the ACC (56 voxels). The ALE analysis of rsFC studies showed stronger rsFC from posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (880 mm3) or insula (712 mm3) to the whole brain in subjects with IA; however, the SDM-PSI analysis revealed no obvious rsFC alteration. These changes may underlie the core symptoms of IA, which include emotional regulation disorder, distraction, and impaired executive control. Our results reflect the common features of neuroimaging studies related to IA in recent years and may potentially help inform the development of more effective diagnostic and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Sun
- Department of Medical Technology, Middle section of Century Avenue, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Qi Chen
- Institute of basic medicine, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 169 Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Military medical center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Middle section of Century Avenue, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Haghighatfard A, Ghaderi AH, Mostajabi P, Kashfi SS, Mohabati Somehsarayee H, Shahrani M, Mehrasa M, Haghighat S, Farhadi M, Momayez Sefat M, Shiryazdi AA, Ezzati N, Qazvini MG, Alizadenik A, Moghadam ER. The first genome-wide association study of internet addiction; Revealed substantial shared risk factors with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 133:104393. [PMID: 36566681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is listed as a disorder requiring further studies in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V). Psychological studies showed significant co-morbidity of IAD with depression, alcohol abuse, and anxiety disorder. Etiology and genetic bases of IAD are unclear. AIMS Present study aimed to investigate the genetic, psychological, and cognitive bases of a tendency to internet addiction. METHODS AND PROCEDURES DNA was extracted from blood samples of IADs (N = 16,520) and 18,000 matched non-psychiatric subjects. Genotyping for the subjects was performed using SNP Array. Psychological, neuropsychological, and neurological characteristics were conducted. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Seventy-two SNPs in 24 genes have been detected significantly associated with IAD. Most of these SNPs were risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Most similarity detected with autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Higher anxiety, stress, and neuroticism and deficits in working memory, attention, planning, and processing speed were detected in IADs. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first genome-wide association study of IAD that showed strong shared genetic bases with neurodevelopmental disabilities and psychiatric disorders. IMPLICATIONS Genetic risk factors in IADs may cause several cognitive and neurodevelopmental brain function abnormalities, which lead to excessive Internet usage. It may suggest that IAD could be a marker for vulnerability to developmental psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Haghighatfard
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Ghaderi
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Vision: ScienCe First to Applications (VISTA), York University, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Parmida Mostajabi
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Kashfi
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hediyeh Mohabati Somehsarayee
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Shahrani
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahla Mehrasa
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saba Haghighat
- Neuroimaging Genetic Laboratory, Arvin Gene Company, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Maryam Momayez Sefat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Atena Alsadat Shiryazdi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Naghmeh Ezzati
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Atie Alizadenik
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Rastegari Moghadam
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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10
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Emotional face expression recognition in problematic Internet use and excessive smartphone use: task-based fMRI study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 36611073 PMCID: PMC9825579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing literature indicates that problematic Internet use (PIU) and excessive smartphone use (ESU) are associated with breakdown of functional brain networks. The effects of PIU&ESU on emotional face expression (EFE) recognition are not well understood, however behavioural investigations and fMRI studies of different addiction forms indicated the impairment of this function. The Facial Emotion Recognition Paradigm was used to probe cortico-limbic responses during EFE recognition. Combined fMRI and psychophysiological analysis were implemented to measure EFE-related functional brain changes in PIU&ESU. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess PIU&ESU. Positive associations were found between the extent of PIU&ESU and functional connections related to emotional cognitive control and social brain networks. Our findings highlight the involvement of social functioning, especially EFE recognition in PIU&ESU. Therefore, we emphasize that besides the brain's executive and reward systems, the social brain network might be the next candidate to be involved in the pathogenesis of PIU&ESU.
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11
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Ghasemi F, Aghaei H, Nikravesh A. Problematic internet use and safety behavior: The moderating role of safety climate. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279767. [PMID: 36584195 PMCID: PMC9803223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) can cause mental and physical harm to individuals and may be an emerging factor contributing to unsafe work behavior. In this study, the relationship between PIU and safety behavior was investigated. Moreover, it was hypothesized that safety climate can moderate the relationship between PIU and safety behavior. Participants were employees from a mining industry in Iran. Three validated questionnaires were distributed to gather the required data regarding PIU, safety climate, and safety behavior. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the moderating effect of safety climate on the relationship between PIU and safety behavior. The size of moderation effect was assessed using f2 index. Four hundred eighty-five employees participated in this study. The results demonstrated a negative relationship between PIU and safety behavior. The moderating effect of safety climate on the relationship between PIU and safety behavior was supported. The f2 index was 0.027 which demonstrates a small moderation effect. In conclusion, PIU has a significant negative effect on the safety behavior of employees. Providing a strong safety climate can be a long-term solution for reducing the negative effect of PIU on safety behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhradin Ghasemi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Aghaei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Asghar Nikravesh
- Department of HSE, Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company, Kerman, Iran
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12
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Ma C, Yan J, Hu H, Shi C, Li F, Zeng X. Associations between 24-h Movement Behavior and Internet Addiction in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16873. [PMID: 36554753 PMCID: PMC9779407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between 24-h activity behavior and Chinese adolescents' Internet addiction. METHODS A survey of 2045 adolescents (56.5% boys) was conducted, and adolescents' 24-h movement behavior and Internet addiction were measured via a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the basic situation of the respondents; chi-square analysis was used to compare gender differences, and logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between 24-h exercise guide entries and Internet addiction. RESULTS From the number of 24-h movement behavior guides, 25.3% of the children did not meet the recommended amount of any kind of activity behavior guide, while 50.4% and 21.7% of the children reached the recommended amount of one and two activity behavior guidelines, respectively; only 3.2% of the children met the recommended amount of all three activity behavior guidelines. Adolescents who did not meet the recommended 24-h activity behavior guidelines were more likely to have Internet addiction (OR = 8.46, 95 CI = 3.06-23.36), and were more likely to have one item (OR = 4.50, 95 CI = 1.64-12.39) or two items (OR = 3.12, 95 CI = 1.11-8.74). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, static behavior, and sleep may all have a greater impact on adolescents' Internet addiction, among which physical activity has a greater impact on adolescents' Internet addiction. Different combinations of 24-h movement behavior have different effects on adolescents' Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caizhen Ma
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041081, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hejue Hu
- Library of Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chongyan Shi
- School of Physical Education and Humanity, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Feng Li
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyue Zeng
- Faculty of Physical Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, China
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13
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Yu F, Li J, Xu L, Zheng X, Fu M, Li K, Yao S, Kendrick KM, Montag C, Becker B. Opposing associations of Internet Use Disorder symptom domains with structural and functional organization of the striatum: A dimensional neuroimaging approach. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:1068-1079. [PMID: 36422683 PMCID: PMC9881660 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests brain structural and functional alterations in Internet Use Disorder (IUD). However, conclusions are strongly limited due to the retrospective case-control design of the studies, small samples, and the focus on general rather than symptom-specific approaches. METHODS We here employed a dimensional multi-methodical MRI-neuroimaging design in a final sample of n = 203 subjects to examine associations between levels of IUD and its symptom-dimensions (loss of control/time management, craving/social problems) with brain structure, resting state and task-based (pain empathy, affective go/no-go) brain function. RESULTS Although the present sample covered the entire range of IUD, including normal, problematic as well as pathological levels, general IUD symptom load was not associated with brain structural or functional alterations. However, the symptom-dimensions exhibited opposing associations with the intrinsic and structural organization of the brain, such that loss of control/time management exhibited negative associations with intrinsic striatal networks and hippocampal volume, while craving/social problems exhibited a positive association with intrinsic striatal networks and caudate volume. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided the first evidence for IUD symptom-domain specific associations with progressive alterations in the intrinsic structural and functional organization of the brain, particularly of striatal systems involved in reward, habitual and cognitive control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Yu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zheng
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meina Fu
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keshuang Li
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keith M. Kendrick
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Christian Montag
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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14
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Peng W, Hao Q, Gao H, Wang Y, Wang J, Tu Y, Yu S, Li H, Zhu T. Functional Neural Alterations in Pathological Internet Use: A Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 13:841514. [PMID: 35518207 PMCID: PMC9062178 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.841514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) studies found spontaneous neural activity in the brains of Pathological Internet Use (PIU) subjects. However, the findings were inconsistent in studies using different neuroimaging analyses. This meta-analytic study aimed to identify a common pattern of altered brain activity from different studies. Resting-state fMRI studies, based on whole-brain analysis methods published before July 1, 2021, were searched in multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science). A voxel-based signed differential mapping (SDM) method was used to clarify brain regions, which showed anomalous activity in PIU subjects compared with healthy controls (HCs). Ten eligible publications consisting of 306 PIU subjects and 314 HCs were included in the SDM meta-analysis. Compared with HCs, subjects with PIU showed increased spontaneous neural functional activity in the left temporal pole of the superior temporal cortex, left amygdala, bilateral median cingulate cortex, and right insula. Meanwhile, a decreased spontaneous neural activity was identified in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus in the subjects with PIU. These abnormal brain regions are associated with cognitive executive control and emotional regulation. The consistent changes under different functional brain imaging indicators found in our study may provide important targets for the future diagnosis and intervention of PIU. Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021258119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Hao
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Medical Quality Control Department, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Rehabilitation and Health Preservation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Armstrong LL, Watt E, St. John E, Desson S. The interactive symptoms assessment: I.S.A. – development and validation using a knowledge translation-integrated model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Balasubramanian N, Parayitam S. Antecedents and consequences of internet addiction among school and college students: evidence from India. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY AND COMMUNICATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/gkmc-12-2021-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Internet addiction (IA) has become a global health problem. As the research on IA has progressed, this study aims to explore the antecedents and consequences of IA, particularly in the Indian context. A conceptual model was developed, and hypotheses were formulated based on the conceptual model and the hypotheses were tested.
Design/methodology/approach
This study investigated 752 schools and collected students from the southern part of India. First, psychometric properties of the survey instrument were tested, and hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses.
Findings
The results revealed that time spent on the internet every day is positively related to IA, internet experience in terms of years is positively related to IA, income and gender moderates the relationship between time spent every day on the internet and internet experience and IA and IA is positively related to time spent on networking, video streaming, short video apps, educational apps, chat apps, online shopping apps, money-involved apps, etc.
Practical implications
The outcomes of this study are essential for the school and college students and their parents. As IA has become chronic in the present-day digital world, it is necessary to take rectification measures to avoid facing the perils of IA. The conceptual model provides a simple framework of explaining how young students spend their time on the internet to become addicted gradually. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of controlling the younger generation's behavior, particularly regarding internet use.
Originality/value
This study is unique and innovative to the extent that it explores the antecedents of IA and the moderating role of gender and income in the relationship between the time spent on the internet and the IA. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, developing a conceptual model is the first of its kind to study school and college students in India.
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17
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von Deneen KM, Hussain H, Waheed J, Xinwen W, Yu D, Yuan K. Comparison of frontostriatal circuits in adolescent nicotine addiction and internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:26-39. [PMID: 35049521 PMCID: PMC9109629 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been significantly increased participation in online gaming and other addictive behaviors particularly in adolescents. Tendencies to avoid social interaction and become more involved in technology-based activities pose the danger of creating unhealthy addictions. Thus, the presence of relatively immature cognitive control and high risk-taking properties makes adolescence a period of major changes leading to an increased rate of emotional disorders and addiction. AIMS The critical roles of frontostriatal circuits in addiction have become the primary focus associated with reward in the striatum and cognitive control in the PFC. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and nicotine addiction are currently becoming more and more serious. METHODS In the light of neuroimaging, the similarity between brain mechanisms causing substance use disorder (SUD) and IGD have been described in previous literature. RESULTS In particular, two distinct brain systems affect the way we act accounting for uncharacteristic neural function in addiction: the affective system comprises of the striatum driven by emotional, reward-related, and internal stimuli, and a cognitive system consisting of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supporting the ventral affective system's actions via inhibitory control. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Therefore, as a novel concept, we focused on the implication of frontostriatal circuits in nicotine addiction and IGD by reviewing the main findings from our studies compared to those of others. We hope that all of these neuroimaging findings can lead to effective intervention and treatment for addiction especially during this critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. von Deneen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
| | - Hadi Hussain
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 74 Yanta Street, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710001, Peoples R China
| | - Junaid Waheed
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 74 Yanta Street, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710001, Peoples R China
| | - Wen Xinwen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, Peoples R China,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, Peoples R China,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, Peoples R China,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, Peoples R China,Corresponding authors. E-mail: (), ,
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18
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Solly JE, Hook RW, Grant JE, Cortese S, Chamberlain SR. Structural gray matter differences in Problematic Usage of the Internet: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1000-1009. [PMID: 34642454 PMCID: PMC9054652 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) has been linked to diverse structural gray matter changes in individual data studies. However, no quantitative synthesis across studies has been conducted. We aimed to identify gray matter regions showing significant spatial convergence across neuroimaging studies in PUI. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO up to 10/03/2021 and included original, cross-sectional comparative studies that examined structural gray matter imaging in PUI versus control groups; reported a whole-brain analysis; and provided peak coordinates for gray matter differences. From a total of 624 potentially relevant studies, 15 (including 355 individuals with PUI and 363 controls) were included in a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was performed using extracted coordinates and identified significant spatial convergence in the medial/superior frontal gyri, the left anterior cingulate cortex/cingulate gyrus, and the left middle frontal/precentral gyri. Datasets contributing to these findings all indicated reduced gray matter in cases compared to controls. In conclusion, voxel-based morphometric studies indicate replicable gray matter reductions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in PUI, regions implicated in reward processing and top-down inhibitory control. Further studies are required to understand the nature of gray matter differences across PUI behaviors, as well as the contribution of particular mental health disorders, and the influence of variation in study and sample characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy E. Solly
- grid.24029.3d0000 0004 0383 8386Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roxanne W. Hook
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon E. Grant
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.451387.c0000 0004 0491 7174Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK ,grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY USA ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ,grid.467048.90000 0004 0465 4159Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK ,grid.450563.10000 0004 0412 9303Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Niu X, Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Yu M, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Meta-analysis of structural and functional brain alterations in internet gaming disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1029344. [PMID: 37033880 PMCID: PMC10074425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1029344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many neuroimaging studies have reported abnormalities in brain structure and function in internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the findings were divergent. We aimed to provide evidence-based evidence of structural and functional changes in IGD by conducting a meta-analysis integrating these studies quantitatively. Method A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2021, to identify eligible voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Brain alternations between IGD subjects and healthy controls (HCs) were compared using the anisotropic seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM) meta-analytic method. Meta-regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV) alterations and addiction-related clinical features. Results The meta-analysis contained 15 VBM studies (422 IGD patients and 354 HCs) and 30 task-state fMRI studies (617 IGD patients and 550 HCs). Compared with HCs, IGD subjects showed: (1) reduced GMV in the bilateral anterior/median cingulate cortex, superior/inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area; (2) hyperactivation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, left precuneus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right fusiform; (3) hypoactivation in the bilateral lingual and the left middle frontal gyrus; and (4) both decreased GMV and increased activation in the left anterior cingulate. Furthermore, Meta-regression revealed that GMV reduction in left anterior cingulate were positively correlated with BIS-11 score [r = 0.725, p = 0.012(uncorrected)] and IAT score [r = 0.761, p = 0.017(uncorrected)]. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed structural and functional impairments in brain regions related to executive control, cognitive function and reward-based decision making in IGD. Furthermore, multi-domain assessments captured different aspects of neuronal changes in IGD, which may help develop effective interventions as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
- Jingliang Cheng,
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
- Shaoqiang Han,
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Brain Function Development and Application, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang,
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20
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Haddad C, Malaeb D, Sacre H, Bou Khalil J, Khansa W, Al Hajj R, Kheir N, Saade S, Obeid S, Hallit S. Association of problematic internet use with depression, impulsivity, anger, aggression, and social anxiety: Results of a national study among Lebanese adolescents. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:255-264. [PMID: 34938966 PMCID: PMC8666947 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Several studies conducted worldwide (mostly in Western countries) highlighted the negative effects of problematic internet use, particularly among adolescents aged 12 to 17, including depression, impulsivity, aggression, and social fear and avoidance. In Lebanon, literature on the prevalence and impact of problematic internet use among adolescents is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aim was to study the association between problematic internet use and depression, impulsivity, anger, aggression and social phobia among Lebanese adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 1103 young adolescents (14-17 years), recruited from October 2017 till April 2018. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to evaluate the level of problematic internet use. Data were analyzed using the MANCOVA analysis. The main independent variable of interest was the IAT, while the dependent variables included the psychological scales. RESULTS The multivariate analysis taking the psychological scales as the dependent variables and the problematic internet use (IAT score) as an independent variable, showed that problematic internet use was associated with higher depression, impulsivity, aggression, anger, hostility and social anxiety. INTERPRETATION Problematic internet use has become an important health issue that should not be overlooked, particularly because of the increased use of the internet by adolescents. Educational programs on early exposure to the internet should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadia Haddad
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
- INSERMUniv. LimogesCHU EsquirolIRDU1094 Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Epidemiology and Tropical NeurologyGEISTLimogesFrance
- INSPECT‐LB: Institut National de SantéPublique, Epidémiologie Clinique et ToxicologieBeirutLebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- School of PharmacyLebanese International UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Life sciences and health departmentParis‐Est UniversityParisFrance
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT‐LB: Institut National de SantéPublique, Epidémiologie Clinique et ToxicologieBeirutLebanon
| | - Jad Bou Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Wael Khansa
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Roula Al Hajj
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
| | - Sylvia Saade
- School of PharmacyLebanese International UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research DepartmentPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossJal EddibLebanon
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical SciencesHoly Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)JouniehLebanon
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21
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Ratan ZA, Parrish AM, Zaman SB, Alotaibi MS, Hosseinzadeh H. Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212257. [PMID: 34832011 PMCID: PMC8622754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human-machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. RESULTS A total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (Z.A.R.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (Z.A.R.); (M.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (H.H.)
| | - Sojib Bin Zaman
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (Z.A.R.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (Z.A.R.); (M.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (H.H.)
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22
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Brewer R, Murphy J, Bird G. Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:470-508. [PMID: 34358578 PMCID: PMC8522807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one's internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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23
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The Role of Social Support and Subjective Well-Being as Predictors of Internet Addiction among Israeli-Palestinian College Students in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Marciano L, Camerini AL, Morese R. The Developing Brain in the Digital Era: A Scoping Review of Structural and Functional Correlates of Screen Time in Adolescence. Front Psychol 2021; 12:671817. [PMID: 34512437 PMCID: PMC8432290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread diffusion of screen-based devices in adolescence has fueled a debate about the beneficial and detrimental effects on adolescents’ well-being and development. With the aim of summarizing the existing literature on the associations between screen time (including Internet-related addictions) and adolescent brain development, the present scoping review summarized evidence from 16 task-unrelated and task-related neuroimaging studies, published between 2010 and 2020. Results highlight three important key messages: (i) a frequent and longer duration of screen-based media consumption (including Internet-related addictive behaviors) is related to a less efficient cognitive control system in adolescence, including areas of the Default Mode Network and the Central Executive Network; (ii) online activities act as strong rewards to the brain and repeated screen time augments the tendency to seek short-term gratifications; and (iii) neuroscientific research on the correlates between screen time and adolescent brain development is still at the beginning and in urgent need for further evidence, especially on the underlying causality mechanisms. Methodological, theoretical, and conceptual implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marciano
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Rosalba Morese
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
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25
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Zhang M, Gao X, Yang Z, Wen M, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Shared gray matter alterations in subtypes of addiction: a voxel-wise meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2365-2379. [PMID: 34313804 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies based on voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions for addiction. However, findings are poorly replicated, and it remains elusive whether distinct diagnoses of addiction are underpinned by shared abnormalities. Our aim was to conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of structural neuroimaging studies investigating GM abnormalities in two main categories of addiction: substance use disorders (SUD) and behavioral addictions (BA). METHOD A systematic database search was conducted in several databases from Jan 1, 2010, to Oct 23, 2020, to identify eligible VBM studies. Meta-analysis was performed with the seed-based d mapping software package to compare alternations between individuals with addiction-related disorders and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS A total of 59 VBM studies including 2096 individuals with addiction-related disorders and 2637 HC met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with addiction-related disorders showed shared GM volume decrease in bilateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral insula, bilateral rolandic operculum, left superior temporal gyrus, and right Heschl gyrus and GM increase in right lingual gyrus and right fusiform gyrus comparing with HC (p < 0.005). Subgroup analysis found heterogeneity between SUD and BA mainly in left inferior occipital gyrus and right striatum (p < 0.005). Meta-regression revealed that GM atrophy in right anterior cingulate (r = 0.541, p = 0.03 (uncorrected)) and left inferior frontal gyrus (r = 0.595, p = 0.015) were positively correlated with higher impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis identified a concordance across subtypes of addiction in terms of the brain structural changes in prefrontal and insula areas, which may relate to higher impulsivity observed across addiction diagnoses. This concordance provides an organizing model that emphasizes the importance of shared neural substrates in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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26
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Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Its Relationship With Combinations of Physical Activity and Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior Among Adolescents in China. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1245-1252. [PMID: 34391206 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the widespread prevalence and serious nature of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of IA and assess the relationships between IA and combinations of physical activity (PA) and screen-based sedentary behavior (SB) among adolescents in China. METHODS This cross-sectional study surveyed 31,954 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in Beijing. IA, PA, screen-based SB, and other information were obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire. The chi-square test and mixed-effects logistic regression model were applied to estimate the relationship between IA and combinations of PA and screen-based SB. RESULTS 6.2% of the surveyed adolescents reported IA and the prevalence of low PA/high screen-based SB, high PA/high screen-based SB, low PA/low screen-based SB, and high PA/low screen-based SB were 53.7%, 19.5%, 18.8%, and 8.0%, respectively. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with low PA/high screen-based SB were 1.99 (95% confidence interval, 1.62-2.44, P < .001) times more likely to prefer IA than those with high PA/low screen-based SB. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of IA among Chinese adolescents is still high. Intervention programs like maintaining sufficient PA and reducing screen-based SB might contribute to reducing their IA.
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27
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The Effect of Online News Commenting on Internal Emotional State Among Pathological Internet Users. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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28
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Jovičić Burić D, Muslić L, Krašić S, Markelić M, Pejnović Franelić I, Musić Milanović S. Croatian validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106921. [PMID: 33901813 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Due to a growing need for the assessment of excessive Internet use and its potentially adverse effects, many Internet addiction assessment instruments have been developed. The aim of the present study was to analyse the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Croatian version of one of the most commonly used instruments in this area, the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS). Data was collected in Croatia as part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) in 2015 with students turning 16 years in the year of data collection (n = 2558). To evaluate the factorial structure of the CIUS, four models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. A one-factor model with five correlated errors demonstrated overall best fit. The Croatian version of the 14-item CIUS demonstrated high internal consistency. There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between the CIUS and Internet use time, and a higher score on the CIUS was correlated with higher self-perceived problems related to social media use and gaming. This study demonstrated that the Croatian version of the CIUS offers high construct validity and reliability and can be adequately used in assessing unspecific compulsive Internet use among adolescents. Additionally, results support the use of shortened forms of the CIUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jovičić Burić
- Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ljiljana Muslić
- Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sandro Krašić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Markelić
- Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Iva Pejnović Franelić
- Department for International Cooperation Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Health Promotion Division, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; The University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, The "Andrija Štampar" School of Public Health, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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29
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Zou L, Wu X, Tao S, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Hong X, Xie Y, Li T, Zheng S, Tao F. Anterior cingulate gyrus acts as a moderator of the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms in college students. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:484-491. [PMID: 33522589 PMCID: PMC8094992 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the brain grey matter volume (GMV) related to problematic mobile phone use (PMPU), and whether these regions of GMV play a potential moderating role in the relationship between PMPU and depressive symptoms. We recruited 266 students who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. PMPU and depressive symptoms were assessed by a self-rating questionnaire for adolescent PMPU and patient health questionnaire-9, respectively. A multiple regression model was performed to detect GMV and white matter (WM) integrity associated with PMPU by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) methods, and the moderating analysis was conducted by PROCESS using SPSS software. VBM analysis found an inverse correlation between the GMV of the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) and right fusiform gyrus (FFG) with PMPU (PFDR < 0.05), and TBSS analysis revealed that fractional anisotropy (FA) in the body of the corpus callosum was negatively correlated with PMPU. The correlation between PMPU and depressive symptoms was moderated by the GMV of the ACC. These results suggest that the GMV of the ACC and right FFG, as well as FA in the body of the corpus callosum, was related to PMPU, and we further found that increased GMV of the ACC could reduce the relationship between PMPU and depressive symptoms in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Qingjun Zhang
- Ping An Healthcare Diagnostics Center, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Xuedong Hong
- Ping An Healthcare Diagnostics Center, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Suisheng Zheng
- Ping An Healthcare Diagnostics Center, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
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30
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Yan H, Li Q, Yu K, Zhao G. Large-scale network dysfunction in youths with Internet gaming disorder: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110242. [PMID: 33434637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been defined as a specific behavioral disorder, associated with abnormal interactions among large-scale brain networks. Researchers have sought to identify the network dysfunction in IGD using resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). However, results across studies have not reached an agreement yet and the mechanism remains unclear. The present research aimed to investigate network dysfunction in IGD through a meta-analysis of rsFC studies. Twenty-two seed-based voxel-wise rsFC studies from 25 publications (594 individuals with IGD and 496 healthy controls) were included. By categorizing seeds into seed-networks based on their location within a prior functional network parcellations, we performed a Multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) within each seed-network to identify which brain systems showed abnormal interaction with particular seed-network in individuals with IGD. Compared to healthy control groups, individuals with IGD exhibited significant hypoconnectivity within the default mode network, and enhanced connectivity between the default mode network and insula within the ventral attention network. IGD was also associated with increased connectivity between the ventral attention network and somatomotor regions. Furthermore, the IGD groups showed hyperconnectivity between the limbic network and regions of the frontoparietal network. The results suggest that individuals with IGD show large-scale functional network alteration which underpins their core symptoms including poor emotional competence, cue-reactivity and craving, habitual addictive behaviors and impaired executive control. Whether the compensation mechanism exists in IGD is discussed, and further research is needed. The findings provide a neurocognitive network model of IGD, which may serve as functional biomarkers for IGD and have potentials for development of effective diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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31
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Altwaijri W, Almunyif RM, Alotaibi GH, Alowais LA, Wasim S, Alyabsi M. Medical students' awareness of Personal Digital Assistant Devices' impact on their health. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2336-2341. [PMID: 34322434 PMCID: PMC8284207 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2038_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: 1. To evaluate medical students’ awareness of personal digital assistant devices impacts on their overall health. 2. To estimate medical students’ hours on digital devices. 3. To determine the most common effect of personal digital assistant devices on medical student health. Settings and Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the college of medicine of a in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants were medical students, and a questionnaire consists of 3 sections was used. A sample of 289 medical students participated in the study. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the relationship between the knowledge score and the year of study. Statistical Analysis used and Results: The research included medical students whose ages ranged from 19 to 25 years with a median (IQR) of 22.00 (21.00–23.00). Approximately, 56% of the participants were males, and the majority of the students were from year 3. The average hours spent daily while using PDA for studying was 5 hours with SD 2.7. 167 (58%) of the students reported that studying using PDAs has affected their life. The most experienced effects reported was dry eyes and vision problems 53 (54%). Conclusions: The current study revealed that the majority of medical students have adequate knowledge of PDAs’ effects on their health despite their continuous use. More attention should be paid to reduce the effects on their health by raising campaigns to increase the awareness of all the students and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Altwaijri
- Department of Ped. Neurology, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KIMARC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Mansour Almunyif
- Student at College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghayda Hatem Alotaibi
- Student at College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Abdullah Alowais
- Student at College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mesnad Alyabsi
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chen C, Zhang KZ, Gong X, Lee MK, Wang YY. Preventing relapse to information technology addiction through weakening reinforcement: A self-regulation perspective. INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2021.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lutz MC, Kok R, Franken IHA. Event-related potential (ERP) measures of error processing as biomarkers of externalizing disorders: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:151-159. [PMID: 34146603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that electrophysiological measures of error processing are affected in patients at risk or diagnosed with internalizing disorders, hence, suggesting that error processing could be a suitable biomarker for internalizing disorders. In this narrative review, we will evaluate studies that address the role of event-related potential (ERP) measures of error-processing in externalizing disorders and discuss to what extend these can be considered a biomarker for externalizing disorders. Currently, there is evidence for the notion that electrophysiological indices of error processing such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are reduced in individuals with substance use disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in forensic populations. However, it remains unclear whether this is also the case for other understudied disorders such as behavioral addiction. Furthermore, to fully understand how these deficits affect day to day behavior, we encourage research to focus on testing current theories and hypotheses of ERN and Pe. In addition, we argue that within an externalizing disorder, individual differences in error processing deficits may be related to prognosis and gender of the patient, methodological issues and presence of comorbidity. Next, we review studies that have related treatment trajectories with ERP measures of error processing, and we discuss the prospect of improving error processing as a treatment option. We conclude that ERP measures of error processing are candidate biomarkers for externalizing disorders, albeit we strongly urge researchers to continue looking into the predictive value of these measures in the etiology and treatment outcome through multi-method and longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Lutz
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Kok
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Che L, Wu Y, Qian H, Guo X. The gray matter volume in superior frontal gyrus mediates the impact of reflection on emotion in Internet gaming addicts. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 310:111269. [PMID: 33657478 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is becoming a prevalent mental health concern around the world. However, the relationship among brain gray matter volume (GMV), emotion induced by decision-making and the level of reflection in IGD participants has not been fully elucidated to date. The current study aimed to explore this issue by combining a sequential decision task and voxel-based morphometry. Twenty-six IGD participants and 28 demographically matched healthy controls were recruited. After collecting Rumination-Reflection questionnaire data and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI data, participants were asked to complete a sequential decision task. The results demonstrated that compared to healthy controls, IGD participants exhibited significantly decreased GMV in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Moreover, GMV in the SFG of IGD participants fully mediated the impact of reflection level on the emotion of loss outcome during the sequential decision task. These results indicate that IGD is associated with reduced GMV in the SFG, and this structural change in IGD contributes to a particular relationship between the level of reflection and regret emotion for loss outcome in the sequential decision task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liping Che
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Qian
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Cheng YS, Ko HC, Sun CK, Yeh PY. The relationship between delay discounting and Internet addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106751. [PMID: 33310692 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the difference in delay discounting (DD) between subjects with Internet addiction (IA) and those without as well as to identify significant variables involved in DD. METHODS Using the keywords related to IA (e.g., "excessive Internet use", "Internet dependence") AND "delayed reward discounting" OR "delay discounting" OR "temporal discounting" OR "delayed gratification" OR time discounting OR intertemporal choice OR impulsive choice, the PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to June 2020 for English articles with comparison between subjects with IA and those without. Effect sizes were calculated by group means from the k value or area under the curve (AUC). The random-effects models were used. RESULTS Fourteen studies in total were eligible for the current meta-analysis that involved 696 subjects with IA (mean age = 22.71) and 2,394 subjects without (mean age = 21.91). Subjects with IA had a steeper DD rate (g = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.57-1.64; p ≤ 0.01) compared with that in those without. Regarding DD data, the difference between k value and AUC was significant (p < 0.01; AUC > k). Additionally, the estimation of DD by the paper-and-pencil task was larger than that by the computerized task (p < 0.01). Significant difference in the DD rate was also noted between subjects with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and those with unspecified IA (p = 0.00; IGD > IA). The percentage of men and task variables were significantly associated with the DD rate (all p < 0.01), suggesting impaired DD in subjects with IA. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested the feasibility of utilizing the DD rate as a therapeutic index for cognitive control in IA. Nevertheless, judicious use is recommended taking into consideration the significant difference between k value and AUC.
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Zhang M, Bian Y. An analysis of the brain structures underlying the link between pathological Internet use and anxiety. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106632. [PMID: 32905867 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological Internet use (PIU) is associated with various maladaptive problems and is becoming increasingly common among adolescents. Anxiety has been discovered as an important predictor of PIU, with the neural basis underlying the link between these two variables remaining unclear. In this study, PIU variations, individual anxiety levels, and T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected from 95 healthy male adolescents. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was then applied to identify the brain regions related to individual variations in PIU, with mediation analyses being conducted to explore the relationship between brain structure, anxiety, and PIU. The results revealed that the PIU tendency is positively correlated with regional grey matter density (rGMD) in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL), which is known to be involved in inhibitory control. Furthermore, the mediation analysis revealed that the rGMD in the right IPL mediates the association between anxiety and PIU, which is consistent with the mood enhancement theory and the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. This mediation model suggests that individuals with higher anxiety might be more likely to use the Internet, with the rGMD in the right IPL being where the underlying cognitive mechanism of the relationship between these two variables lies. This study's findings possess implications for society's understandings of the correlations between anxiety and PIU from a brain structural perspective, which may then help in preventing the progression of PIU among adolescents.
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Adorjan K, Langgartner S, Maywald M, Karch S, Pogarell O. A cross-sectional survey of internet use among university students. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:975-986. [PMID: 33200241 PMCID: PMC8236031 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last 2 decades have seen an increase in the number of reports of excessive internet use. Therefore, this study aimed to examine internet use among university students to gain more insight into the novel phenomenon of addictive internet use (AIU). Data were collected by the means of an online questionnaire sent to 4391 students. Approximately 10% of the 4391 students could be included in the statistical analysis. Of those 483 students, almost all (99.2%) used the internet, and a quarter (24.8%) showed AIU. The students used the internet mostly for information searches, random browsing, social networking, and online shopping; however, AIU was seen most often in the areas of social networking, random browsing, information searches, gaming, and pornography. One in four of the respondents showed addictive behavior in at least one area of internet use. Students with AIU in the area of random browsing were significantly less far advanced in their studies than those without AIU, and well-being was significantly poorer across AIU groups than in those who did not show AIU. The study confirms the importance of AIU, as reflected in the high prevalence of AIU among the students and the significantly lower level of well-being in those with AIU. Undifferentiated consideration of AIU does not do justice to its various facets, and future research should consider all areas of internet use, with the aim to increase understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AIU and develop more differentiated treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Simon Langgartner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Maywald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Karch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
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38
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Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Wen M, Huang H, Zheng R, Wang W, Wei Y, Cheng J, Han S, Zhang Y. Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Internet Gaming Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679437. [PMID: 34276447 PMCID: PMC8281314 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high comorbidity but it is still unknown whether these disorders have shared and distinctive neuroimage alterations. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify shared and disorder-specific structural, functional, and multimodal abnormalities between IGD and ADHD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies comparing people with IGD or ADHD with healthy controls. Regional gray matter volume (GMV) and fMRI differences were compared over the patient groups and then a quantitative comparison was performed to find abnormalities (relative to controls) between IGD and ADHD using seed-based d mapping meta-analytic methods. Result: The meta-analysis contained 14 IGD VBM studies (contrasts covering 333 IGDs and 335 HCs), 26 ADHD VBM studies (1,051 patients with ADHD and 887 controls), 30 IGD fMRI studies (603 patients with IGD and 564 controls), and 29 ADHD fMRI studies (878 patients with ADHD and 803 controls). Structurally, VBM analysis showed disorder-specific GMV abnormality in the putamen among IGD subjects and orbitofrontal cortex in ADHD and shared GMV in the prefrontal cortex. Functionally, fMRI analysis discovered that IGD-differentiating increased activation in the precuneus and shared abnormal activation in anterior cingulate cortex, insular, and striatum. Conclusion: IGD and ADHD have shared and special structural and functional alterations. IGD has disorder-differentiating structural alterations in the putamen and ADHD has alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex. Disorder-differentiating fMRI activations were predominantly observed in the precuneus among IGD subjects and shared impairing function connection was in the rewards circuit (including ACC, OFC, and striatum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiping Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Raimo S, Cropano M, Trojano L, Santangelo G. The neural basis of gambling disorder: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:279-302. [PMID: 33275954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies suggested that impairments of prefrontal-striatal and limbic circuits are correlated to excessive gambling. However, the neural underpinnings of gambling disorder (GD) continue to be the topic of debate. The present study aimed to identify structural changes in GD and differentiate the specific brain activity patterns associated with decision-making and reward-processing. We performed a systematic review complemented by Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on morphometric and functional studies on neural correlates of GD. The ALE meta-analysis on structural studies revealed that patients with GD showed significant cortical grey-matter thinning in the right ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex compared to healthy subjects. The ALE meta-analyses on functional studies revealed that patients with GD showed a significant hyperactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the right ventral striatum during decision-making and gain processing compared to healthy subjects. These findings suggest that GD is related to an alteration of brain mechanisms underlying top-down control and appraisal of gambling-related stimuli and provided indications to develop new interventions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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40
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Gansner M, Nisenson M, Carson N, Torous J. A pilot study using ecological momentary assessment via smartphone application to identify adolescent problematic internet use. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113428. [PMID: 32889344 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For some youth, pathologic Internet use can cause significant distress and dysfunction, a phenomenon known as Problematic Internet Use (PIU). PIU has been associated with poorer health outcomes in adolescents with existing psychiatric illness but understanding PIU has been challenging due to research methodologies using cross-sectional, self-report data. This study assessed the feasibility of using app-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to provide more ecologically-valid data to identify and characterize the relationship between mood symptoms and PIU in adolescents in active mental health treatment. 25 youth (aged 12-23) were recruited to use an EMA app for 6 weeks. 96% of participants completed the study and the majority of participants completed surveys at least once weekly. Youth with anxiety disorders endorsed significantly greater benefit from using the app to monitor PIU. While PIU severity was positively correlated with worsened anxiety and depression, analyses of the temporal relationships between PIU and mood symptoms showed that anxiety symptoms were significantly improved after episodes of PIU. Overall results suggest that app-based EMA may be both acceptable and feasible to understand PIU in this population. Follow-up studies should consider personalization of study protocols and use of digital phenotyping methodology to collect more objective measurements of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gansner
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA, 02139 United States.
| | - Melanie Nisenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA, 02139 United States.
| | - Nicholas Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA, 02139 United States.
| | - John Torous
- Department of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Drive, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
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41
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Tokiya M, Itani O, Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y. Relationship between internet addiction and sleep disturbance in high school students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 32782022 PMCID: PMC7418409 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). METHODS In 2016, high school students (N = 10,405, age range: 15-16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as "at risk of IA"; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as "non-IA". Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables. RESULTS High YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls. These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model. CONCLUSIONS Among Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Tokiya
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
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Li S, Wu Q, Tang C, Chen Z, Liu L. Exercise-Based Interventions for Internet Addiction: Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Evidence. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1296. [PMID: 32670157 PMCID: PMC7330165 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the number of internet users, the problems associated with excessive internet use have become increasingly obvious. Internet addiction can alter neurobiology, and its symptoms can be alleviated through exercise, but whether exercise exerts these effects through neurobiological pathways is unclear. Here, we reviewed the neurobiological mechanisms of exercise-based interventions against internet addiction by searching PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant research using such keywords as “exercise”, “internet addiction”, “hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis”, “neurotrophin”, and “dopamine”. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the neurobiological processes through which exercise can reduce internet addiction, and our analysis strengthens the idea that exercise-based interventions can be effective in this regard. The available evidence suggests that exercise can increase the levels of neurotrophic factors, cortisol, and neurotransmitters; improve the morphology of specific parts of the central nervous system, such as by stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis; protect the autonomic nervous system; and control the reward urge. In other words, exercise appears to mitigate internet addiction by regulating the neurobiology of the central and autonomic nervous systems. In this way, exercise-based interventions can be recommended for reducing internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianjin Wu
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichao Chen
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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43
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Zhang J, Hu Y, Wang Z, Wang M, Dong GH. Males are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females among people with internet gaming disorder: fMRI evidence from a card-guessing task. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:357. [PMID: 32635911 PMCID: PMC7341652 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have found an interesting issue in the Internet gaming disorder (IGD): males are always observed to be the majority. However, there are little research to exploring the differences in the neural mechanisms between males and females in decision-making process among people with IGD. Therefore, explore the reward/loss processing between different gender with IGD could help in understanding the underlying neural mechanism of IGD. METHODS Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were collected from 111 subjects (IGD: 29 males, 25 females; recreational internet game user (RGU): 36 males, 21 females) while they were performing a card-guessing task. We collected and compared their brain features when facing the win and loss conditions in different groups. RESULTS For winning conditions, IGD group showed hypoactivity in the lingual gyrus than RGU group, male players showed hyperactivity in the left caudate nucleus, bilateral cingulate gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right precuneus and inferior parietal lobule relative to the females. And significant sex-by-group interactions results showed higher brain activities in the thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus and lower brain activities in Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were observed in males with IGD than females. For losing conditions, IGD group showed hypoactivity in the left lingual gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared to the RGU group, male players showed hyperactive left caudate nucleus and hypoactive right middle occipital gyrus relative to females. And significant sex-by-group interactions results showed that compared to females with IGD, males with IGD showed decreased brain activities in the IFG and lingual gyrus. CONCLUSIONS First, there appeared to be no difference in reward processing between the IGD and RGU group, but IGD showed less sensitivity to loss. Secondly, male players showed more sensitivity to rewards and less sensitivity to losses. Last but not least, males and females showed opposite activation patterns in IGD degree and rewards/losses processing. And male IGD subjects are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females, which might be the reason for the gender different rates on IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Creative Technologies, Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-371 79, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Ziliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Institute of Psychological Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Stehmann J. Identifying research streams in online gambling and gaming literature: A bibliometric analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Qin K, Zhang F, Chen T, Li L, Li W, Suo X, Lei D, Kemp GJ, Gong Q. Shared gray matter alterations in individuals with diverse behavioral addictions: A voxel-wise meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:44-57. [PMID: 32359230 PMCID: PMC8935193 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous studies on behavioral addictions (BAs) have reported gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). However, findings are poorly replicated and it remains elusive whether distinct addictive behaviors are underpinned by shared abnormalities. In this meta-analysis, we integrated VBM studies on different BAs to investigate common GM abnormalities in individuals with BAs. METHODS Numerous studies on behavioral addictions (BAs) have reported gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). However, findings are poorly replicated and it remains elusive whether distinct addictive behaviors are underpinned by shared abnormalities. In this meta-analysis, we integrated VBM studies on different BAs to investigate common GM abnormalities in individuals with BAs. RESULTS Twenty studies including 505 individuals with BAs and 564 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with BAs showed GM atrophy in the left anterior cingulate (extending to the left medial superior frontal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus), right putamen and right supplementary motor area. Subgroup analysis found heterogeneity in gender and subtypes of BAs. Meta-regression revealed that GM decreases in the left anterior cingulate and right supplementary motor area were positively correlated with addictive severity. Higher impulsivity was associated with smaller volume of the left anterior cingulate. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings on BAs were mainly derived from internet gaming disorder (IGD) and pathological gambling (PG) studies, preliminarily suggesting that GM atrophy in the prefrontal and striatal areas might be a common structural biomarker of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Du Lei
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson St., Suite 3326, Cincinnati, OH, USA. E-mail:
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Corresponding author. Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, China. E-mail:
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Saruhanjan K, Zarski AC, Schaub MP, Ebert DD. Design of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Internet Use Disorder-Study Protocol for a Two-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:190. [PMID: 32256409 PMCID: PMC7092751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Internet Use Disorder (IUD), characterized as the inability to control one's internet use, is emerging as an increasing societal concern as it is associated with reduced quality of life and mental health comorbidities. Evidence-based treatment options are, however, scarce due to the novelty of the diagnosis. Internet- and mobile-based interventions may be an effective means to deliver psychological treatment to individuals with IUD as they address individuals affected in their online setting. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed, guided internet- and mobile-based intervention for IUD. Methods: In a two-armed randomized controlled trial (N = 130), individuals showing problematic internet use patterns (Internet Addiction Test ≥ 49) will be randomly allocated to the internet- and mobile-based intervention or a waiting control group. Assessments will take place at baseline, 7 weeks, 6- and 12 months after randomization. The primary outcome is internet addiction symptom severity (IAT) at 7 weeks. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other psychosocial variables associated with IUD. Intervention: The intervention consists of seven sessions: Goal setting and motivational interviewing, impulse control, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, self-worth, relapse prevention, and a booster session. Participants are supported by an eCoach who provides individual feedback after completion of each session. Participants can choose between several elective sessions based on individual need. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate an internet- and mobile-based intervention for IUD, which could be a promising first step to reduce individuals' disease burden. Trial Registration: DRKS00015314. The study is currently ongoing. First participants were enrolled in the study on September 14th 2018. Recruitment will continue approximately through March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Saruhanjan
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Carlotta Zarski
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Patrick Schaub
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Liu W, Mirza F, Narayanan A, Souligna S. Is it possible to cure Internet addiction with the Internet? AI & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00146-018-0858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gansner M, Belfort E, Leahy C, Mirda D, Carson N. An Assessment of Digital Media-related Admissions in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666190221152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Prevalent adolescent digital media use has brought clinical attention
to its potential associated risks. While excessive digital media use has been connected to adolescent
difficulties with mood and impulsivity, no study has examined digital media’s role in
precipitating adolescent psychiatric admissions.
Objective:
Our study aims were to identify and characterize digital media-related admissions
in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, and to recognize unique patterns of
digital media use within this sample. We hypothesized that adolescents with digital mediarelated
admissions would endorse higher amounts of digital media use and problematic online
behaviors.
Methods:
We administered a cross-sectional survey of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents
between 2012 and 2016. Admissions were considered related to digital media use either
by adolescent report or documentation in the medical record. Unadjusted comparisons
were used to examine relationships between digital media-related psychiatric admissions, online
behaviors and suicide-related risk factors.
Results:
68 of 218 participants (31.2%) had digital media-related admissions. The most frequent
cause of digital media-related admission was cyberbullying (31.9%). Teens with digital-
media related admissions were significantly more likely to sext, use social media, and be
cyberbullied; these adolescents were also at increased risk of suicide planning and hopelessness.
Conclusion:
Efforts should be made by mental health clinicians to identify and address online
relational conflict, as well as to screen for cyberbullying and sexting. Clinicians should
consider that adolescents with digital media-related presentations may be at elevated risk of
self-harm, with higher rates of suicide planning and hopelessness compared to hospitalized
peers with admissions unrelated to digital media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Gansner
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Erin Belfort
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Caroline Leahy
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Danielle Mirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas Carson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
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Kong L, Zeng C, Yuan F, Liu S, Wang D, Jiang C, Zhan Z, Qian Z, Zhu X. Dysfunction of the Prefrontal Cortex in Betel-Quid-Dependent Chewers. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:558367. [PMID: 33192673 PMCID: PMC7541958 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.558367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Betel quid is the fourth most popular psychoactive agent worldwide. Imaging studies have found altered brain structure in prefrontal cortex (PFC) in betel-quid dependent (BQD) chewers. However, the brain function in PFC associated with BQ use still remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine brain functional activity in PFC in individuals with BQD. This study recruited 48 participants with BQD and 22 normal controls (NCs). Both BQ-specific cue reactivity and Go/NoGo tasks were administered with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioral results showed a deficit in the choice reaction time task in BQD group. The fMRI results of the cue reactivity task suggested that, individuals with BQD exhibited responses in right ventromedial PFC, left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left lateral parietal lobe (LPL), left middle temporal gyrus and left visual cortex, when seeing BQ images compared with control images. In the Go/NoGo task, relative to NCs group, individuals with BQD showed higher activity in right dorsolateral PFC, right PCC and bilateral LPL between NoGo and Go trials. Across these two tasks, we consistently found disrupted function in PFC in individuals with BQD, which might lead to impaired craving and response inhibition in BQ addiction. Results of current study might shed light on the neural mechanisms involved in BQ use, which could be used as potential guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of BQ dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongcui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoxin Qian
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueling Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Huang Y, Xu L, Kuang L, Wang W, Cao J, Xiao MN. Abnormal brain activity in adolescents with Internet addiction who attempt suicide: an assessment using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1554-1559. [PMID: 31997822 PMCID: PMC7059585 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior and can lead to brain dysfunction among adolescents. However, whether brain dysfunction occurs in adolescents with Internet addiction who attempt suicide remains unknown. This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 41 young Internet addicts, aged from 15 to 20 years, from the Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China from January to May 2018. The participants included 21 individuals who attempted suicide and 20 individuals with Internet addiction without a suicidal attempt history. Brain images in the resting state were obtained by a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The results showed that activity in the gyrus frontalis inferior of the right pars triangularis and the right pars opercularis was significantly increased in the suicidal attempt group compared with the non-suicidal attempt group. In the resting state, the prefrontal lobe of adolescents who had attempted suicide because of Internet addiction exhibited functional abnormalities, which may provide a new basis for studying suicide pathogenesis in Internet addicts. The study was authorized by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval No. 2017 Scientific Research Ethics (2017-157)) on December 11, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- GCP Office, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wo Wang
- Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mu-Ni Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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