1
|
Differential expression of the androgen receptor gene is correlated with CAG polymorphic repeats in patients with prostate cancer. J Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-023-01421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
|
2
|
Shao J, Li C, Bai L, Ni X, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhao H. Recent evidence in support of traditional chinese medicine to restore normal leptin function in simple obesity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09482. [PMID: 35620623 PMCID: PMC9127329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Litao Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ruiz S, Vázquez F, Pellitero S, Puig-Domingo M. ENDOCRINE OBESITY: Pituitary dysfunction in obesity. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:R79-R92. [PMID: 35333754 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, the growing pandemic of the 21st century, is associated with multiple organ dysfunction, either by a direct increase in fatty organ content or by indirect modifications related to general metabolic changes driven by a specific increase in biologic products. The pituitary gland is not protected against such a situation. Different hypothalamic-pituitary axes experience functional modifications initially oriented to an adaptive situation that, with years of obesity, turn to maladaptive dynamics that contribute to perpetuating obesity and specific symptoms of their hormonal nature. This paper reviews the recent knowledge on obesity-related pituitary dysfunction and its pathogenic mechanisms and discusses potential therapeutic actions aimed at contributing to ameliorating the complex treatment of severe cases of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ruiz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Federico Vázquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cordido M, Juiz-Valiña P, Urones P, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Cordido F. Thyroid Function Alteration in Obesity and the Effect of Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051340. [PMID: 35268429 PMCID: PMC8911439 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common endocrine disease in obesity is hypothyroidism and secondary endocrine alterations, including abnormal thyroid function, are frequent in obesity. It is unclear whether impaired thyroid function is the cause or the consequence of increased adiposity; furthermore, there are no clear data regarding the best way to dose levothyroxine for patients with both hypothyroidism and obesity, and the effect of bariatric surgery (BS). The aim of the present article is to review some controversial aspects of the relation between obesity and the thyroid: (1) Thyroid function in obesity and the effect of BS (2) Thyroid hormone treatment (THT) in obese patients with hypothyroidism and the effect of BS. In summary: In morbidly obese patients, TSH is moderately increased. Morbid obesity has a mild central resistance to the thyroid hormone, reversible with weight loss. In morbidly obese hypothyroid patients, following weight loss, the levothyroxine dose/kg of ideal weight did not change, albeit there was an increment in the levothyroxine dose/kg of actual weight. From a clinical practice perspective, in morbid obesity, diagnosing mild hypothyroidism is difficult, BS improves the altered thyroid function and THT can be adapted better if it is based on ideal weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Cordido
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endócrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (P.J.-V.); (P.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Servicio Urgencias, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Juiz-Valiña
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endócrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (P.J.-V.); (P.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Urones
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endócrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (P.J.-V.); (P.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endócrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (P.J.-V.); (P.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.S.-A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +34-981178127 (S.S.-A. & F.C.); Fax: +34-981178204 (S.S.-A. & F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cordido
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endócrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.C.); (P.J.-V.); (P.U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Servicio Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.S.-A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +34-981178127 (S.S.-A. & F.C.); Fax: +34-981178204 (S.S.-A. & F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tiwary E, Hu M, Prasain JK. Sperm-Guiding Unconventional Prostaglandins in C. elegans: Synthesis and Signaling. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120853. [PMID: 34940611 PMCID: PMC8705762 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins comprise a family of lipid signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in a wide array of biological processes, including fertilization. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (a.k.a. cyclooxygenase or Cox) initiates prostaglandin synthesis from 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. Oocytes of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have been shown to secrete sperm-guidance cues prostaglandins, independent of Cox enzymes. Both prostaglandin synthesis and signal transduction in C. elegans are environmentally modulated pathways that regulate sperm guidance to the fertilization site. Environmental factors such as food triggers insulin and TGF-β secretion and their levels regulate tissue-specific prostaglandin synthesis in C. elegans. This novel PG pathway is abundant in mouse and human ovarian follicular fluid, where their functions, mechanism of synthesis and pathways remain to be established. Given the importance of prostaglandins in reproductive processes, a better understanding of how diets and other environmental factors influence their synthesis and function may lead to new strategies towards improving fertility in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Tiwary
- Department of Medicines, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Muhan Hu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Jeevan K. Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-996-2612
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aerobic Exercise Mediated Increase in BDNF Expression Ameliorates Depression in Propylthiouracil-Induced Hypothyroidism in Adult Rats. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Beserra JB, Morais JBS, Severo JS, Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, Henriques GS, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Relation Between Zinc and Thyroid Hormones in Humans: a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4092-4100. [PMID: 33409921 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the relation between zinc and the thyroid hormones in humans. The search for articles was conducted using the Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ScienceDirect databases on October 21 and 22, 2019, by two authors independently. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed in the conduct of this review. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the trials included in this review. After the screening of the articles, eight studies that assessed the effects of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone concentrations and ten studies that assessed the relationship between blood zinc concentrations and thyroid hormones were included in this systematic review. Although cross-sectional and case-control studies have shown a relationship between zinc deficiency and thyroid, the data from this systematic review provides inconclusive evidence with respect to the effects of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone concentrations due to the divergence of the research found by the authors that only reports findings in patients suffering from some kind of disease, which cannot be generalized to the average human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Batista Beserra
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, 64049550, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Juiz-Valiña P, Cordido M, Outeiriño-Blanco E, Pértega S, Urones P, García-Brao MJ, Mena E, Pena-Bello L, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Cordido F. Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Replacement Dosing in Morbidly Obese Hypothyroid Patients after Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163685. [PMID: 34441981 PMCID: PMC8396870 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent endocrine disease in obese patients is hypothyroidism. To date, there are no clear data regarding what happens to the dose of levothyroxine (LT4) after bariatric surgery (BS). The objective of the present study was to evaluate thyroid hormone replacement dose in morbidly obese hypothyroid patients after BS-induced weight loss. We explore the best type of measured or estimated body weight for LT4 dosing. We performed an observational study evaluating patients with morbid obesity and hypothyroidism who underwent BS. We included 48 patients (three men). In morbidly obese hypothyroid patients 12 months after BS-induced weight loss, the total LT4 dose or the LT4 dose/kg ideal body weight did not change, while there was a significant increase in LT4 dose/body surface area, LT4 dose/kg weight, LT4 dose/kg adjusted body weight, LT4 dose/kg body fat, and LT4 dose/kg lean body weight. There were no differences in LT4 dose and its variation between sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The present study strongly suggests that LT4 dosing in obese hypothyroid patients can be individually adapted more precisely if it is based on ideal body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Juiz-Valiña
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endocrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (P.U.); (L.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC) and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Cordido
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endocrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (P.U.); (L.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC) and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Outeiriño-Blanco
- Servicio Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Sonia Pértega
- Unidad Epidemiologia Clínica y Bioestadística, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Paula Urones
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endocrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (P.U.); (L.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC) and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Jesús García-Brao
- Servicio Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.G.-B.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrique Mena
- Servicio Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.G.-B.); (E.M.)
| | - Lara Pena-Bello
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endocrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (P.U.); (L.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC) and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endocrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (P.U.); (L.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC) and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.S.-A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +34-981-178-127 (S.S.-A. & F.C.); Fax: +34-981-178-204 (S.S.-A. & F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cordido
- Grupo Fisiopatoloxía Endocrina, Nutricional e Médica (FENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (P.U.); (L.P.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC) and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Servicio Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.S.-A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +34-981-178-127 (S.S.-A. & F.C.); Fax: +34-981-178-204 (S.S.-A. & F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayoral LPC, Andrade GM, Mayoral EPC, Huerta TH, Canseco SP, Rodal Canales FJ, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Cruz MM, Pérez Santiago AD, Alpuche JJ, Zenteno E, Ruíz HM, Cruz RM, Jeronimo JH, Perez-Campos E. Obesity subtypes, related biomarkers & heterogeneity. Indian J Med Res 2021; 151:11-21. [PMID: 32134010 PMCID: PMC7055173 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1768_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, which needs new approaches and recognized international consensus in treating diseases leading to morbidity. The aim of this review was to examine heterogeneous links among the various phenotypes of obesity in adults. Proteins and associated genes in each group were analysed to differentiate between biomarkers. A variety of terms for classification and characterization within this pathology are currently in use; however, there is no clear consensus in terminology. The most significant groups reviewed include metabolically healthy obese, metabolically abnormal obese, metabolically abnormal, normal weight and sarcopenic obese. These phenotypes do not define particular genotypes or epigenetic gene regulation, or proteins related to inflammation. There are many other genes linked to obesity, though the value of screening all of those for diagnosis has low predictive results, as there are no significant biomarkers. It is important to establish a consensus in the terminology used and the characteristics attributed to obesity subtypes. The identification of specific molecular biomarkers is also required for better diagnosis in subtypes of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Perez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Socorro Pina Canseco
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Rodal Canales
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Héctor Alejandro Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Juan José Alpuche
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Hector Martínez Ruíz
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Ruth Martínez Cruz
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Julia Hernandez Jeronimo
- Research Centre-Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Perez-Campos
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, ITOaxaca; Clinical Pathology Laboratory 'Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega' Oaxaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body part III: Cardiovascular, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive. Clin Anat 2020; 34:307-311. [PMID: 33170983 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This third installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body discusses the endocrine, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular, and excretory systems. Obesity is known to upset hormonal balance, leading to widespread metabolic disorders involving organs such as the liver and pancreas. Furthermore, the hypersecretion of leptin from adipose tissue triggers various responses from the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, with implications for energy and nutrient balance and uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Altered GH-IGF-1 Axis in Severe Obese Subjects is Reversed after Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss and Related with Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082614. [PMID: 32806629 PMCID: PMC7463679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disorders are common in obesity, including altered somatotropic axis. Obesity is characterized by reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion, although the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery in the GH–IGF-1 axis in extreme obesity, in order to investigate IGF-1 values and the mechanism responsible for the alteration of the GH–IGF-1 axis in obesity. We performed an interventional trial in morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery. We included 116 patients (97 women) and 41 controls (30 women). The primary endpoint was circulating GH and IGF-1 values. Circulating IGF-1 values were lower in the obese patients than in the controls. Circulating GH and IGF-1 values increased significantly over time after surgery. Post-surgery changes in IGF-1 and GH values were significantly negatively correlated with changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and free T4 values. After adjusting for preoperative body mass index (BMI), free T4 and CRP in a multivariate model, only CRP was independently associated with IGF-1 values in the follow-up. In summary, severe obesity is characterized by a functional hyposomatotropism at central and peripheral level that is progressively reversible with weight loss, and low-grade chronic inflammation could be the principal mediator.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rahman SU, Huang Y, Zhu L, Chu X, Junejo SA, Zhang Y, Khan IM, Li Y, Feng S, Wu J, Wang X. Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:234. [PMID: 32641048 PMCID: PMC7346471 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea polyphenols (TPs) attenuate obesity related liver inflammation; however, the anti-obesity effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory TPs mechanisms associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels, and obesity-related gene response in dogs. Results Dogs fed TPs displayed significantly decreased (p < 0.01) mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to dogs that consumed high-fat diet (HFD) alone. TPs significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited COX-2 and iNOS expression level, and decreased liver fat content and degeneration. Conclusion These results suggested that TPs act as a therapeutic agent for obesity, liver inflammation, and fat degeneration via COX-2 and iNOS inhibition, with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed Junejo
- School of Tea and Food Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Juiz-Valiña P, Cordido M, Outeiriño-Blanco E, Pértega S, Varela-Rodríguez BM, García-Brao MJ, Mena E, Pena-Bello L, Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Cordido F. Central Resistance to Thyroid Hormones in Morbidly Obese Subjects Is Reversed after Bariatric Surgery-Induced Weight Loss. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020359. [PMID: 32012985 PMCID: PMC7073690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine abnormalities are common in obesity, including altered thyroid function. The altered thyroid function of obesity may be due to a mild acquired resistance to the thyroid hormone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) on resistance to thyroid hormones in patients with extreme obesity compared with a control group. We performed an observational study evaluating patients with extreme obesity who underwent BS. We included 106 patients (83 women) and 38 controls (24 women). The primary endpoint was the thyrotroph thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) index (TSHRI). The parameters were studied before and after surgery. TSHRI and TT4RI were higher in the obese patients than in the control group. TT4RI and TSHI decreased significantly over time after surgery, with this decrease being associated with the excessive body mass index (BMI) loss and C-reactive protein (CRP). In extreme obesity, BS promotes a significant decrease in the increased TT4RI and TSHI. This decrease of TT4RI and TSHI is progressive over time after BS and significantly associated with excess BMI lost and CRP. Extreme obesity is characterized by a mild reversible central resistance to thyroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Juiz-Valiña
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (B.M.V.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Cordido
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (B.M.V.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Pértega
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Bárbara María Varela-Rodríguez
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (B.M.V.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Jesús García-Brao
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain (E.M.)
| | - Enrique Mena
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain (E.M.)
| | - Lara Pena-Bello
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (B.M.V.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (B.M.V.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.S.-A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +34-981-178-127 (S.S.-A. & F.C.); Fax: +34-981-178-204 (S.S.-A. & F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cordido
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (P.J.-V.); (M.C.); (B.M.V.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (INIBIC), University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.S.-A.); (F.C.); Tel.: +34-981-178-127 (S.S.-A. & F.C.); Fax: +34-981-178-204 (S.S.-A. & F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grijalva-Avila J, Villanueva-Fierro I, Lares-Asseff I, Chairez-Hernández I, Rivera-Sanchez G, Martínez-Estrada S, Martínez-Rivera I, Quiñones LA, Loera-Castañeda V. Milk intake and IGF-1 rs6214 polymorphism as protective factors to obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:388-393. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1666805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ismael Lares-Asseff
- Instituto Politécnico, Nacional-CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Durango, México
- Latin-American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gildardo Rivera-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, México
| | | | | | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Latin-American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Loera-Castañeda
- Instituto Politécnico, Nacional-CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Durango, México
- Latin-American Network for Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beserra JB, Morais JBS, Severo JS, Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, de Oliveira FE, de Matos Neto EM, Henriques GS, Marreiro DDN. No association between zinc and thyroid activity in obese women. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:40-47. [PMID: 31433285 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by changes in the metabolism of zinc and thyroid hormones. Studies have also shown the role of zinc in the function and metabolism of thyroid. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, dietary zinc intake and zinc distribution in obese women. A case-control study was conducted enrolling 98 women aged between 20 and 50 years old who were divided into case group (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and control group (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Patients underwent anthropometric measurements and analysis of dietary zinc intake, which was performed by a three-day food record. Zinc concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and antibodies were determined by chemiluminescence. Mean values of dietary zinc intake were higher than recommended (10.37 ± 3.12 mg/day and 11.37 ± 4.36 mg/day for control and obeses, respectively). Obese women had reduced plasma (67.22 ± 5.96 μg/dL) and erythrocyte (37.16 ± 3.64 μg Zn/gHb) zinc concentrations when compared to the control group (plasma: 89.71 ± 13.33 μg/dL; erythrocyte: 42.68 ± 3.73 μg Zn/gHb) (p < 0.001). Serum TSH (control: 2.62 ± 1.29 μIU/mL; obeses: 3.08 ± 1.13 μIU/mL), Free T3 (control: 2.19 ± 0.63 pg/dL; obeses: 2.09 ± 0.34 pg/dL), and Free T4 (control: 1.12 ± 0.31 ng/dL; obeses: 1.09 ± 0.19 ng/dL) concentrations were within the normal range in both groups, without significant difference between them (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between thyroid hormone concentrations and zinc parameters (p > 0.05). Although obese women presented hypozincemia, they had normal levels of thyroid hormones and no correlation was found between the studied parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Batista Beserra
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Emídio Marques de Matos Neto
- Departamento of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery on Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels in Euthyroid Patients with Morbid Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051121. [PMID: 31137484 PMCID: PMC6566754 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with several endocrine abnormalities, including thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in euthyroid patients with morbid obesity. We performed an observational study, evaluating patients with morbid obesity submitted to bariatric surgery. We included 129 patients (92 women) and 31 controls (21 women). Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters were evaluated. The primary endpoint was circulating TSH (µU/mL). Fasting TSH levels were higher in the obese group (3.3 ± 0.2) than in the control group (2.1 ± 0.2). The mean excessive body mass index (BMI) loss (EBMIL) 12 months after bariatric surgery was 72.7 ± 2.1%. TSH levels significantly decreased in the obese patients after surgery; 3.3 ± 0.2 vs. 2.1 ± 0.2 before and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Free thyroxine (T4) (ng/dL) levels significantly decreased in the obese patients after surgery; 1.47 ± 0.02 vs. 1.12 ± 0.02 before and 12 months after surgery, respectively. TSH decreased significantly over time, and the decrement was associated with the EBMIL. In euthyroid patients with morbid obesity, weight loss induced by bariatric surgery promotes a significant decline of the increased TSH levels. This decrement of TSH is progressive over time after surgery and significantly associated with excess BMI loss.
Collapse
|
17
|
García-Alonso D, Morgenstern-Kaplan D, Cohen-Welch A, Lozano-Cuenca J, López-Canales JS. Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Vasorelaxant Effect Produced by Anorexigenic Drugs in Rat Aortic Rings. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7030039. [PMID: 30818849 PMCID: PMC6473436 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexigenics are compounds capable of reducing or suppressing appetite. Their three main types act on different neurotransmitters, either norepinephrine, serotonin or a combination of both. Among the drugs that act on norepinephrine are fenproporex, amfepramone and clobenzorex. Derivatives of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine have also been associated with weight loss and used as a controversial treatment for obesity, despite their known cardiovascular side effects. Recent data suggest a possible vasodilating effect for these four substances that might be beneficial in a subset of patients. Herein we performed a systematic review of the literature (with emphasis on recent reports) to determine the implications and mechanisms of the vasodilating effects of some anorectics, specifically fenproporex, clobenzorex, amfepramone and triiodothyronine. Data analysis showed these four drugs to be vasodilating agents for rat aortic rings. The different mechanisms of action include endothelium-dependent vasodilation via activation of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway and the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. The finding of vasodilating activity indicates a potential role for some anorexigenic drugs in the treatment of obesity in hypertensive patients. Further in vivo studies are needed to test the clinical benefits of these four drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela García-Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico.
| | - Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico.
| | - Ariel Cohen-Welch
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico.
| | - Jair Lozano-Cuenca
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Skiold López-Canales
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodríguez-Rodero S, Menéndez-Torre E, Fernández-Bayón G, Morales-Sánchez P, Sanz L, Turienzo E, González JJ, Martinez-Faedo C, Suarez-Gutiérrez L, Ares J, Díaz-Naya L, Martin-Nieto A, Fernández-Morera JL, Fraga MF, Delgado-Álvarez E. Altered intragenic DNA methylation of HOOK2 gene in adipose tissue from individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189153. [PMID: 29228058 PMCID: PMC5724849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Failure in glucose response to insulin is a common pathology associated with obesity. In this study, we analyzed the genome wide DNA methylation profile of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) samples in a population of individuals with obesity and assessed whether differential methylation profiles are associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods More than 485,000 CpG genome sites from VAT samples from women with obesity undergoing gastric bypass (n = 18), and classified as suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) or not (no type 2 diabetes, NT2D), were analyzed using DNA methylation arrays. Results We found significant differential methylation between T2D and NT2D samples in 24 CpGs that map with sixteen genes, one of which, HOOK2, demonstrated a significant correlation between differentially hypermethylated regions on the gene body and the presence of type 2 diabetes. This was validated by pyrosequencing in a population of 91 samples from both males and females with obesity. Furthermore, when these results were analyzed by gender, female T2D samples were found hypermethylated at the cg04657146-region and the cg 11738485-region of HOOK2 gene, whilst, interestingly, male samples were found hypomethylated in this latter region. Conclusion The differential methylation profile of the HOOK2 gene in individuals with T2D and obesity might be related to the attendant T2D, but further studies are required to identify the potential role of HOOK2 gene in T2D disease. The finding of gender differences in T2D methylation of HOOK2 also warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Edelmiro Menéndez-Torre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gustavo Fernández-Bayón
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Paula Morales-Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sanz
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Estrella Turienzo
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan José González
- Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ceferino Martinez-Faedo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lorena Suarez-Gutiérrez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jessica Ares
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucia Díaz-Naya
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alicia Martin-Nieto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan L. Fernández-Morera
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN), El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado-Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology, Nutrition, Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
[Active form of vitamin D in overweight and obese pediatric patients in northwest Mexico]. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2017; 74:413-418. [PMID: 29382525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with a range of clinical conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus, among others. There are few studies that measure the active form of vitamin D (1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D) in obese children. However, published data are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the active levels of vitamin D in obese and overweight children and to find an association between low levels of vitamin D, obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. METHODS A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 6 to 12-year-old children with excess adiposity determined by waist-stature index and body mass index. Levels of glucose, insulin, complete lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment and the active form of vitamin D were measured in each patient. Levels < 30 pg/ml were considered as low levels of vitamin D. RESULTS The prevalence of low levels of active vitamin D was 36%. A significant association between low levels of active vitamin D and high levels of insulin was found. No significant association was found between vitamin levels and adiposity measures. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of active vitamin D were found in 36% of the population studied. A significant association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia was demonstrated.
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Thyroid Function in Chinese Euthyroid Obese Patients. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2017; 27:e66-e68. [PMID: 28654507 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Madariaga YG, Cárdenas MB, Irsula MT, Alfonso OC, Cáceres BA, Morgado EB. Assessment of four experimental models of hyperlipidemia. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 44:135-40. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
22
|
Guimard A, Vibarel-Rebot N, Prieur F, Baillot A, Mongeois E, Barrande MG, Lasne F, Collomp K. Effect of obesity on diurnal patterns of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in male subjects. Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Bonnet F, Velayoudom Cephise FL, Gautier A, Dubois S, Massart C, Camara A, Larifla L, Balkau B, Ducluzeau PH. Role of sex steroids, intrahepatic fat and liver enzymes in the association between SHBG and metabolic features. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:517-22. [PMID: 23121021 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHBG and liver enzymes levels are both associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the relationship between SHBG with liver enzymes and intrahepatic fat content remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether SHBG is correlated with glucose and lipids levels and whether this association depends on fatty liver content, liver enzymes or sex hormone concentrations. DESIGN AND PATIENTS We studied 233 dysmetabolic men with measures of plasma SHBG, total testosterone, 17β-oestradiol, glucose, adiponectin, liver enzymes and hepatokines. Intrahepatic liver fat and visceral fat contents were measured by magnetic resonance imaging in 108 of these individuals. RESULTS After adjustment for age, SHBG concentration was inversely correlated with fasting glucose (βstandardized = -0·21, P = 0·0007), HbA1c (βstandardized = -0·27, P < 0·0001), triglycerides (βstandardized = -0·19, P = 0·003) and positively correlated with HDL-Cholesterol (βstandardized = 0·14, P = 0·03). These correlations persisted after adjustment for either total testosterone or 17β-oestradiol levels. SHBG was not related to either fetuin A or FGF 21 concentrations. The inverse association of SHBG with HbA1c and glycaemia was not altered after adjusting for liver markers but was no longer significant after adjustment for hepatic fat content. CONCLUSION The significant association between SHBG and fasting glycaemia, HbA1c and lipid levels in dysmetabolic men was not related to either sex hormones or markers of liver function, but was dependent on intrahepatic fat. This suggests that intrahepatic fat, but not alterations in liver function markers, may be involved in the association between SHBG and glucose and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Bonnet
- Department of Endocrinology, INSERM UMR 991, University Hospital of Rennes, 2 rue Henri le Guilloux, Rennes Cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
MESH Headings
- Acromegaly/etiology
- Acromegaly/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Female
- Gastric Bypass/adverse effects
- Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/complications
- Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/drug therapy
- Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/physiopathology
- Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/surgery
- Hormone Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Human Growth Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Human Growth Hormone/blood
- Human Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Obesity, Morbid/blood
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Pituitary Gland/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland/metabolism
- Pituitary Gland/surgery
- Postoperative Complications/etiology
- Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications
- Sleep Apnea Syndromes/physiopathology
- Sleep Apnea Syndromes/prevention & control
- Treatment Outcome
Collapse
|
25
|
Cao J, Chen TM, Hao WJ, Li J, Liu L, Zhu BP, Li XY. Correlation between sex hormone levels and obesity in the elderly male. Aging Male 2012; 15:85-9. [PMID: 22452321 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2012.666585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of sex hormones and androgen receptor (AR) in elderly male patients and to explore a possible correlation with obesity. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 314 Elderly males (age ≥ 65 year). Of these subjects, 104 were healthy (age range 65-92 year; mean 71.38 ± 5.154 year), 74 were obese (65-87 year; 71.32 ± 4.74 year), and 111 were overweight (65-85 year; 71.43 ± 5.03 year). The following parameters were measured: total testosterone (TT), free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and AR. RESULTS (i) The levels of TT and SHBG in the obesity group were significantly lower than those in non-obese subjects. (ii) Body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with TT and SHBG. (iii) Multiple regression analysis revealed that TT (β: -0.230; p = 0.045) and SHBG (β: -0.163; p = 0.02) were statistically correlated with BMI. CONCLUSION Testosterone levels in the obese population were significantly lower than in the non-obese population and there is a significant association between testosterone levels and the extent of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Melnik BC. Leucine signaling in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and obesity. World J Diabetes 2012; 3:38-53. [PMID: 22442749 PMCID: PMC3310004 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence points to increased dairy and meat consumption, staples of the Western diet, as major risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This paper presents a new concept and comprehensive review of leucine-mediated cell signaling explaining the pathogenesis of T2D and obesity by leucine-induced over-stimulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). mTORC1, a pivotal nutrient-sensitive kinase, promotes growth and cell proliferation in response to glucose, energy, growth factors and amino acids. Dairy proteins and meat stimulate insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and provide high amounts of leucine, a primary and independent stimulator for mTORC1 activation. The downstream target of mTORC1, the kinase S6K1, induces insulin resistance by phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, thereby increasing the metabolic burden of β-cells. Moreover, leucine-mediated mTORC1-S6K1-signaling plays an important role in adipogenesis, thus increasing the risk of obesity-mediated insulin resistance. High consumption of leucine-rich proteins explains exaggerated mTORC1-dependent insulin secretion, increased β-cell growth and β-cell proliferation promoting an early onset of replicative β-cell senescence with subsequent β-cell apoptosis. Disturbances of β-cell mass regulation with increased β-cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as insulin resistance are hallmarks of T2D, which are all associated with hyperactivation of mTORC1. In contrast, the anti-diabetic drug metformin antagonizes leucine-mediated mTORC1 signaling. Plant-derived polyphenols and flavonoids are identified as natural inhibitors of mTORC1 and exert anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. Furthermore, bariatric surgery in obesity reduces increased plasma levels of leucine and other branched-chain amino acids. Attenuation of leucine-mediated mTORC1 signaling by defining appropriate upper limits of the daily intake of leucine-rich animal and dairy proteins may offer a great chance for the prevention of T2D and obesity, as well as other epidemic diseases of civilization with increased mTORC1 signaling, especially cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, which are frequently associated with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Bodo C Melnik, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
High sleep duration variability is an independent risk factor for weight gain. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:167-72. [PMID: 22354882 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the association between weight gain and variability of sleep duration. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving apparently healthy individuals aged 20 years or older who underwent annual health checkup at the Center for Preventive Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital, between 2007 and 2010. The body mass index (BMI) of each participant was measured, and the change in BMI during the study period was calculated. The sleep duration was obtained using a questionnaire that was filled out by participants each year, and the variability in the sleep duration was calculated by dividing the standard deviation (SD) of the sleep duration for 3 years by the square root of the number of data points. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between the change in BMI and the variability of the sleep duration, adjusting for age, sex, alcohol consumption, current smoking, baseline sleep duration, past medical history, and level of physical activity. RESULTS A total of 21,148 participants were included in this study. The mean age (SD) was 51 (12) years, and 10,993 (49.6%) participants were male. The mean baseline BMI was 22.4 (SD 3.2). According to the self-reported data, the mean sleep duration (SD) was 6.2 (1.0) h, and the mean of the SD of sleep duration for each participant was 0.32 (min-max, 0-7). The result of the linear regression analysis showed that greater variability in the sleep duration was independently related to an increase in BMI (β coefficient = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.01-0.61). CONCLUSION The variability of sleep duration is related to body weight gain. Maintaining a constant sleep duration may be recommended for controlling body weight.
Collapse
|
28
|
Examination of the tissue ghrelin expression of rats with diet-induced obesity using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical methods. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:165-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|