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Chen Y, Kuang T, Zhang T, Cai S, Colombo J, Harper A, Han TL, Xia Y, Gulliver J, Hansell A, Zhang H, Baker P. Associations of air pollution exposures in preconception and pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development: analysis of the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) prospective cohort in Chongqing, China. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e082475. [PMID: 38960456 PMCID: PMC11227797 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of traffic-related air pollution exposures in early pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Eligible women attended six visits in the maternity clinics of two centres, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children. PARTICIPANTS Women who were between 20 and 40 years of age and were at 11-14 weeks gestation with a singleton pregnancy were eligible for participation. Women were excluded if they had a history of premature delivery before 32 weeks of gestation, maternal milk allergy or aversion or severe lactose intolerance. 1273 pregnant women enrolled in 2015-2016 and 1174 live births were included in this analysis. EXPOSURES Air pollution concentrations at their home addresses, including particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), during pre-conception and each trimester period were estimated using land-use regression models. OUTCOME MEASURES Birth outcomes (ie, birth weight, birth length, preterm birth, low birth weight, large for gestational age and small for gestational age (SGA) status) and neurodevelopment outcomes measured by the Chinese version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development. RESULTS An association between SGA and per-IQR increases in NO2 was found in the first trimester (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.32) and during the whole pregnancy (OR: 1.33, 99% CI: 1.01 to 1.75). Both PM2.5 and NO2 exposure in the 90 days prior to conception were associated with lower Psychomotor Development Index scores (β: -6.15, 95% CI: -8.84 to -3.46; β: -2.83, 95% CI: -4.27 to -1.39, respectively). Increased NO2 exposure was associated with an increased risk of psychomotor development delay during different trimesters of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Increased exposures to NO2 during pregnancy were associated with increased risks of SGA and psychomotor development delay, while increased exposures to both PM2.5 and NO2 pre-conception were associated with adverse psychomotor development outcomes at 12 months of age. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-IOR-16007700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Chen
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tao Kuang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Samuel Cai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | | | - Ting-Li Han
- University of Auckland Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
- Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Anna Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Philip Baker
- College of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Goodrich AJ, Kleeman MJ, Tancredi DJ, Ludeña YJ, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Schmidt RJ. Pre-pregnancy ozone and ultrafine particulate matter exposure during second year of life associated with decreased cognitive and adaptive functioning at aged 2-5 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118854. [PMID: 38574983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to investigate the association of prenatal and early life exposure to a mixture of air pollutants on cognitive and adaptive outcomes separately in children with or without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS Utilizing data from the CHARGE case-control study (birth years: 2000-2016), we predicted daily air concentrations of NO2, O3, and particulate matter <0.1 μm (PM0.1), between 0.1 and 2.5 μm (PM0.1-2.5), and between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM2.5-10) using chemical transport models with ground-based monitor adjustments. Exposures were evaluated for pre-pregnancy, each trimester, and the first two years of life. Individual and combined effects of pollutants were assessed with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), separately for children with ASD (n = 660) and children without ASD (typically developing (TD) and developmentally delayed (DD) combined; n = 753) using hierarchical Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models with three groups: PM size fractions (PM0.1, PM0.1-2.5, PM2.5-10), NO2, and O3. RESULTS Pre-pregnancy Ozone was strongly negatively associated with all scores in the non-ASD group (group posterior inclusion probability (gPIP) = 0.83-1.00). The PM group during year 2 was also strongly negatively associated with all scores in the non-ASD group (gPIP = 0.59-0.93), with PM0.1 driving the group association (conditional PIP (cPIP) = 0.73-0.96). Weaker and less consistent associations were observed between PM0.1-2.5 during pre-pregnancy and ozone during year 1 and VABS scores in the ASD group. CONCLUSIONS These findings prompt further investigation into ozone and ultrafine PM as potential environmental risk factors for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Goodrich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 128 Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Ave, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yunin J Ludeña
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 128 Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Ave, Sacramento, CA, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 128 Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Ave, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 128 Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Ave, Sacramento, CA, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, 128 Medical Sciences 1C, One Shields Ave, Sacramento, CA, USA; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Talarico R, Qiu X, Schwartz J, Fell DB, Oskoui M, Lavigne E, Messerlian C. Prenatal Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Cerebral Palsy. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2420717. [PMID: 38980674 PMCID: PMC11234239 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Air pollution is associated with structural brain changes, disruption of neurogenesis, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The association between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of cerebral palsy (CP), which is the most common motor disability in childhood, has not been thoroughly investigated. Objective To evaluate the associations between prenatal residential exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of CP among children born at term gestation in a population cohort in Ontario, Canada. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada using linked, province-wide health administrative databases. Participants were singleton full term births (≥37 gestational weeks) born in Ontario hospitals between April 1, 2002, and March 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from January to December 2022. Exposures Weekly average concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter with a diameter 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or smaller, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) during pregnancy assigned by maternal residence reported at delivery from satellite-based estimates and ground-level monitoring data. Main outcome and measures CP cases were ascertained by a single inpatient hospitalization diagnosis or at least 2 outpatient diagnoses for children from birth to age 18 years. Results The present study included 1 587 935 mother-child pairs who reached term gestation, among whom 3170 (0.2%) children were diagnosed with CP. The study population had a mean (SD) maternal age of 30.1 (5.6) years and 811 745 infants (51.1%) were male. A per IQR increase (2.7 μg/m3) in prenatal ambient PM2.5 concentration was associated with a cumulative hazard ratio (CHR) of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.21) for CP. The CHR in male infants (1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26) was higher compared with the CHR in female infants (1.08; 95% CI, 0.96-1.22). No specific window of susceptibility was found for prenatal PM2.5 exposure and CP in the study population. No associations or windows of susceptibility were found for prenatal NO2 or O3 exposure and CP risk. Conclusions and relevance In this large cohort study of singleton full term births in Canada, prenatal ambient PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of CP in offspring. Further studies are needed to explore this association and its potential biological pathways, which could advance the identification of environmental risk factors of CP in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuhong Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Talarico
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deshayne B Fell
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Now with Pfizer, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Wang H, Zu P, Luo W, Chen Y, Zhou C, Tao F, Zhu P. Associations between particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and executive function of toddlers in a prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119463. [PMID: 38909950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been found to be associated with impaired cognitive function. However, limited evidence is available on the relationship between PM exposure in the prenatal period and toddler executive function (EF), and the potential influence of breastfeeding. METHODS The study included 1106 mother-toddler pairs recruited between 2015 and 2019. We assessed mothers' PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 prenatal exposure with a satellite-based dataset at a 1 × 1 km spatial resolution and assigned to participants based on residential addresses. Toddler EF was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for Preschoolers (BRIEF-P) questionnaire, higher BRIEF-P scores indicated poorer EF in toddlers. We determined the associations of PM exposure during pregnancy with BRIEF-P scores using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS In the first trimester, a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM was associated with 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-2.83; PM1), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.10-1.26; PM2.5), and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.07-1.20; PM10) elevated toddler global executive composite index scores, respectively. In the stratified analysis, a 10 μg/m3 increase in first trimester PM1 exposure was related to 0.54 (95% CI: 0.19-0.89) higher inhibition scores in toddlers who received complementary breastfeeding for less than six months and -0.15 (95% CI: 0.81-0.51) higher inhibition scores in toddlers who received complementary breastfeeding for six months or more (P for interaction: 0.046). Additionally, a 10 μg/m3 increment in first trimester PM1 exposure was related to 0.36 (95% CI: 0.13-0.59) higher emotional control scores in toddlers who received breastfeeding for less than 12 months and -0.54 (95% CI: 1.25-0.18) higher inhibition scores in toddlers who received breastfeeding for no less than 12 months (P for interaction: 0.043). CONCLUSIONS PM exposure during the first trimester, especially PM1, has been linked to lower toddler EF performance in toddlers; feeding with breast milk may be a potential protective measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Lu ZH, Liu C, Chen YJ, Chen YJ, Lei XN, Cai LJ, Zhou HX, Chang H, Zhu M, Wang YX, Zhang J. Gestational Exposure to PM 2.5 and Specific Constituents, Meconium Metabolites, and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Development: A Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9980-9990. [PMID: 38819024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been inversely associated with neonatal neurological development. However, the associations of exposure to specific PM2.5 constituents with neonatal neurological development remain unclear. We investigated these associations and examined the mediating role of meconium metabolites in a Chinese birth cohort consisting of 294 mother-infant pairs. Our results revealed that exposure to PM2.5 and its specific constituents (i.e., organic matter, black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) in the second trimester, but not in the first or third trimester, was inversely associated with the total neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) scores. The PM2.5 constituent mixture in the second trimester was also inversely associated with NBNA scores, and sulfate was identified as the largest contributor. Furthermore, meconium metabolome analysis identified four metabolites, namely, threonine, lysine, leucine, and saccharopine, that were associated with both PM2.5 constituents and NBNA scores. Threonine was identified as an important mediator, accounting for a considerable proportion (14.53-15.33%) of the observed inverse associations. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to PM2.5 and specific constituents may adversely affect neonatal behavioral development, in which meconium metabolites may play a mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Lei
- Department of Nutrition and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Li-Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Nutrition and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Wardhani K, Yazzie S, Edeh O, Grimes M, Dixson C, Jacquez Q, Zychowski KE. Neuroinflammation is dependent on sex and ovarian hormone presence following acute woodsmoke exposure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12995. [PMID: 38844478 PMCID: PMC11156661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Woodsmoke (WS) exposure is associated with significant health-related sequelae. Different populations can potentially exhibit varying susceptibility, based on endocrine phenotypes, to WS and investigating neurological impacts following inhaled WS is a growing area of research. In this study, a whole-body inhalation chamber was used to expose both male and female C57BL/6 mice (n = 8 per group) to either control filtered air (FA) or acute WS (0.861 ± 0.210 mg/m3) for 4 h/d for 2 days. Neuroinflammatory and lipid-based biological markers were then assessed. In a second set of studies, female mice were divided into two groups: one group was ovariectomized (OVX) to simulate an ovarian hormone-deficient state (surgical menopause), and the other underwent Sham surgery as controls, to mechanistically assess the impact of ovarian hormone presence on neuroinflammation following FA and acute WS exposure to simulate an acute wildfire episode. There was a statistically significant impact of sex (P ≤ 0.05) and statistically significant interactions between sex and treatment in IL-1β, CXCL-1, TGF-β, and IL-6 brain relative gene expression. Hippocampal and cortex genes also exhibited significant changes in acute WS-exposed Sham and OVX mice, particularly in TGF-β (hippocampus) and CCL-2 and CXCL-1 (cortex). Cortex GFAP optical density (OD) showed a notable elevation in male mice exposed to acute WS, compared to the control FA. Sham and OVX females demonstrated differential GFAP expression, depending on brain region. Overall, targeted lipidomics in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) serum and brain lipids demonstrated more significant changes between control FA and acute WS exposure in female mice, compared to males. In summary, male and female mice show distinct neuroinflammatory markers in response to acute WS exposure. Furthermore, ovarian hormone deficiency may impact the neuroinflammatory response following an acute WS event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sydnee Yazzie
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Onamma Edeh
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Martha Grimes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Connor Dixson
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Quiteria Jacquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Katherine E Zychowski
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Manangama G, Galera C, Audignon-Durand S, Gramond C, Tartaglia M, Zaros C, Teysseire R, Brochard P, Sentilhes L, Delva F. Maternal occupational exposure to carbonaceous nanoscale particles and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood: Analysis of the French Longitudinal Study of Children - Elfe study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118364. [PMID: 38309566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between occupational exposures to carbonaceous unintentionally emitted nanoscale particles (UNPs) during pregnancy and the child's language development and behaviour at two years old. METHODS Using data from the French Longitudinal Study of Childhood - ELFE, we selected mothers who worked during pregnancy and their children. Exposure to carbonaceous UNPs was assessed by the MatPUF (job-exposure matrix for ultrafine particles). Children's lexical development was analysed using 'the Mac Arthur - Bates communicative development inventories-words and sentences-short form' (MB-CDI) in a multivariate binary logistic regression. Their risk for autism spectrum disorders was studied using 'the Modified-CHecklist for Autism in Toddler' (M-CHAT) according to the recommended thresholds (low risk = 0-2; intermediate risk = 3-6 and high risk = 7-23) in unordered multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Maternal occupational exposure to carbonaceous UNPs was associated with delayed child language development (ORadj: 1.34; 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.80) but not with behavioural disorders (autism spectrum disorders) at two years old. CONCLUSION This is the first epidemiological study to show a significant association between maternal occupational exposure to carbonaceous nanoscale particles and child language development at 2 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyguy Manangama
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galera
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-HEALTHY, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabyne Audignon-Durand
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Gramond
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Tartaglia
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- Joint Research Unit Elfe, Ined-Inserm-EFS, France
| | - Raphaëlle Teysseire
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Teaching Hospital, Artemis Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Teaching Hospital, Artemis Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Bordeaux Teaching Hospital, Artemis Center, Bordeaux, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux Teaching Hospital, Artemis Center, Bordeaux, France; Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, INSERM CIC1401, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Huang J, Song C, Liu Y, Zhang T, Wang T, Liu X, Yu L. Epigenetic regulation by KDM5A mediates the effects of prenatal PM 2.5 exposure on hippocampal development and synaptic integrity through the Shh signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116311. [PMID: 38615639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal environmental exposure could be an essential health risk factor associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the impact of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on offspring cognition remain unclear. In our recent study using a PM2.5 exposed pregnant mouse model, we observed significant synaptic dysfunction in the hippocampi of the offspring. Concurrently, the epigenetic regulator of KDM5A and the Shh signaling pathway exhibited decreased activities. Significantly, changes in hippocampal KDM5A and Shh levels directly correlated with PM2.5 exposure intensity. Subsequent experiments revealed a marked reduction in the expression of Shh signaling and related synaptic proteins when KDM5A was silenced in cells. Notably, the effects of KDM5A deficiency were reversed significantly with the supplementation of a Shh activator. Furthermore, our findings indicate that Shh activation significantly attenuates PM2.5-induced synaptic impairments in hippocampal neurons. We further demonstrated that EGR1, a transcriptional inhibitor, plays a direct role in KDM5A's regulation of the Shh pathway under conditions of PM2.5 exposure. Our results suggest that the KDM5A's inhibitory regulation on the Shh pathway through the EGR1 gene is a crucial epigenetic mechanism underlying the synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal neurons caused by maternal PM2.5 exposure. This emphasizes the role of epigenetic regulations in neurodevelopmental disorders caused by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Experimental Center for Medical Research, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Experimental Center for Medical Research, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Experimental Center for Medical Research, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Experimental Center for Medical Research, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Experimental Center for Medical Research, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Experimental Center for Medical Research, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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9
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Pulliam HR, Springer SD, Rice DL, Ende GC, Johnson HJ, Willett MP, Wilson TW, Taylor BK. Neurotoxic effects of home radon exposure on oscillatory dynamics serving attentional orienting in children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2024; 292:120606. [PMID: 38604538 PMCID: PMC11097196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Radon is a naturally occurring gas that contributes significantly to radiation in the environment and is the second leading cause of lung cancer globally. Previous studies have shown that other environmental toxins have deleterious effects on brain development, though radon has not been studied as thoroughly in this context. This study examined the impact of home radon exposure on the neural oscillatory activity serving attention reorientation in youths. Fifty-six participants (ages 6-14 years) completed a classic Posner cuing task during magnetoencephalography (MEG), and home radon levels were measured for each participant. Time-frequency spectrograms indicated stronger theta (3-7 Hz, 300-800 ms), alpha (9-13 Hz, 400-900 ms), and beta responses (14-24 Hz, 400-900 ms) during the task relative to baseline. Source reconstruction of each significant oscillatory response was performed, and validity maps were computed by subtracting the task conditions (invalidly cued - validly cued). These validity maps were examined for associations with radon exposure, age, and their interaction in a linear regression design. Children with greater radon exposure showed aberrant oscillatory activity across distributed regions critical for attentional processing and attention reorientation (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex). Generally, youths with greater radon exposure exhibited a reverse neural validity effect in almost all regions and showed greater overall power relative to peers with lesser radon exposure. We also detected an interactive effect between radon exposure and age where youths with greater radon exposure exhibited divergent developmental trajectories in neural substrates implicated in attentional processing (e.g., bilateral prefrontal cortices, superior temporal gyri, and inferior parietal lobules). These data suggest aberrant, but potentially compensatory neural processing as a function of increasing home radon exposure in areas critical for attention and higher order cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Pulliam
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Seth D Springer
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Danielle L Rice
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Grace C Ende
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Hallie J Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Madelyn P Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brittany K Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Crooijmans KLHA, Iñiguez C, Withworth KW, Estarlich M, Lertxundi A, Fernández-Somoano A, Tardón A, Ibarluzea J, Sunyer J, Guxens M, Binter AC. Nitrogen dioxide exposure, attentional function, and working memory in children from 4 to 8 years: Periods of susceptibility from pregnancy to childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108604. [PMID: 38564945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and childhood has been linked to executive function impairment in children, however, very few studies have assessed these two exposure periods jointly to identify susceptible periods of exposure. We sought to identify potential periods of susceptibility of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure from conception to childhood on attentional function and working memory in school-aged children. METHODS Within the Spanish INMA Project, we estimated residential daily NO2 exposures during pregnancy and up to 6 years of childhood using land use regression models (n = 1,703). We assessed attentional function at 4-6 years and 6-8 years, using the Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and the Attention Network Test, respectively, and working memory at 6-8 years, using the N-back task. We used distributed lag non-linear models to assess the periods of susceptibility of each outcome, adjusting for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing. We also stratified all models by sex. RESULTS Higher exposure to NO2 between 1.3 and 1.6 years of age was associated with higher hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE) (0.14 ms (95 % CI 0.05; 0.22) per 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2) and between 1.5 and 2.2 years of age with more omission errors (1.02 (95 % CI 1.01; 1.03) of the attentional function test at 4-6 years. Higher exposure to NO2 between 0.3 and 2.2 years was associated with higher HRT-SE (10.61 ms (95 % CI 3.46; 17.75) at 6-8 years only in boys. We found no associations between exposure to NO2 and working memory at 6-8 years. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NO2 exposure during the first two years of life is associated with poorer attentional function in children from 4 to 8 years of age, especially in boys. These findings highlight the importance of exploring long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution exposure in older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie L H A Crooijmans
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Jaume I University - University of Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristina W Withworth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences and Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marisa Estarlich
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, Jaume I University - University of Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Infirmary and Chiropody, University of Valencia, C/Menendez Pelayo, s/n 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería Street s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IUOPA-Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería Street s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue s/n. 33001, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anne-Claire Binter
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Baranyi G, Williamson L, Feng Z, Carnell E, Vieno M, Dibben C. Higher air pollution exposure in early life is associated with worse health among older adults: A 72-year follow-up study from Scotland. Health Place 2024; 86:103208. [PMID: 38367322 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. However, limited evidence exists on the very long-term associations between early life air pollution exposure and health, as well as on potential pathways. This study explored the relationship between fine particle (PM2.5) exposure at age 3 and limiting long-term illness (LLTI) at ages 55, 65 and 75 using data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort 1936, a representative administrative cohort study. We found that early life PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher odds of LLTI in mid-to-late adulthood (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14 per 10 μg m-3 increment) among the 2085 participants, with stronger associations among those growing up in disadvantaged families. Path analyses suggested that 15-21% of the association between early life PM2.5 concentrations and LLTI at age 65 (n = 1406) was mediated through childhood cognitive ability, educational qualifications, and adult social position. Future research should capitalise on linked administrative and health data, and explore causal mechanisms between environment and specific health conditions across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Lee Williamson
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Longitudinal Studies Centre - Scotland, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Carnell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Dibben
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Whitworth KW, Rector-Houze AM, Chen WJ, Ibarluzea J, Swartz M, Symanski E, Iniguez C, Lertxundi A, Valentin A, González-Safont L, Vrijheid M, Guxens M. Relation of prenatal and postnatal PM 2.5 exposure with cognitive and motor function among preschool-aged children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114317. [PMID: 38171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The literature informing susceptible periods of exposure on children's neurodevelopment is limited. We evaluated the impacts of pre- and postnatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on children's cognitive and motor function among 1303 mother-child pairs in the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) Study. Random forest models with temporal back extrapolation were used to estimate daily residential PM2.5 exposures that we averaged across 1-week lags during the prenatal period and 4-week lags during the postnatal period. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) were administered around 5 years to assess general cognitive index (GCI) and several subscales (verbal, perceptual-performance, memory, fine motor, gross motor). We applied distributed lag nonlinear models within the Bayesian hierarchical framework to explore periods of susceptibility to PM2.5 on each MSCA outcome. Effect estimates were calculated per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and aggregated across adjacent statistically significant lags using cumulative β (βcum) and 95% Credible Intervals (95%CrI). We evaluated interactions between PM2.5 with fetal growth and child sex. We did not observe associations of PM2.5 exposure with lower GCI scores. We found a period of susceptibility to PM2.5 on fine motor scores in gestational weeks 1-9 (βcum = -2.55, 95%CrI = -3.53,-1.56) and on gross motor scores in weeks 7-17 (βcum = -2.27,95%CrI = -3.43,-1.11) though the individual lags for the latter were only borderline statistically significant. Exposure in gestational week 17 was weakly associated with verbal scores (βcum = -0.17, 95%CrI = -0.26,-0.09). In the postnatal period (from age 0.5-1.2 years), we observed a window of susceptibility to PM2.5 on lower perceptual-performance (β = -2.42, 95%CrI = -3.37,-1.46). Unexpected protective associations were observed for several outcomes with exposures in the later postnatal period. We observed no evidence of differences in susceptible periods by fetal growth or child sex. Preschool-aged children's motor function may be particularly susceptible to PM2.5 exposures experienced in utero whereas the first year of life was identified as a period of susceptibility to PM2.5 for children's perceptual-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina W Whitworth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Alison M Rector-Houze
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jesus Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, Av. Navarra, 4, 20013, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Campus Gipuzkoa, Av. Tolosa, 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michael Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Iniguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, Calle Dr Moliner, 50, 46100, València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Catalunya, 21, 46020, València, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Antonia Valentin
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), C/del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia González-Safont
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. De Catalunya, 21, 46020, València, Spain; Nursing and Chiropody Faculty of Valencia University, Av. De Blasko Ibanez, 13, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), C/del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Placa de la Merce, 12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), C/del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Placa de la Merce, 12, 08002, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Dr. Moleaterplein 40, 30115 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Lim YH, Bilsteen JF, Mortensen LH, Lanzky LRM, Zhang J, Tuffier S, Brandt J, Ketzel M, Flensborg-Madsen T, Wimmelmann CL, Okholm GT, Hegelund ER, Napolitano GM, Andersen ZJ, Loft S. Lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic achievement: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108500. [PMID: 38430583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent research suggests a link between air pollution and cognitive development in children, and studies on air pollution and academic achievement are emerging. We conducted a nationwide cohort study in Denmark to explore the associations between lifetime exposure to air pollution and academic performance in 9th grade. The study encompassed 785,312 children born in Denmark between 1989 and 2005, all of whom completed 9th-grade exit examinations. Using linear mixed models with a random intercept for each school, we assessed the relationship between 16 years of exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and gaseous pollutants and Grade Point Averages (GPA) in exit examinations, covering subjects such as Danish literature, Danish writing, English, mathematics, and natural sciences. The study revealed that a 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with a decrease of 0.99 (95 % Confidence Intervals: -1.05, -0.92) and 0.46 (-0.50, -0.41) in GPA, respectively. Notably, these negative associations were more pronounced in mathematics and natural sciences compared to language-related subjects. Additionally, girls and children with non-Danish mothers were found to be particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of air pollution exposure. These results underscore the potential long-term consequences of air pollution on academic achievement, emphasizing the significance of interventions that foster healthier environments for children's cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Josephine Funck Bilsteen
- Ministry of Children and Education, National Agency for Education and Quality, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stéphane Tuffier
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - George Maria Napolitano
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Chen WJ, Rector-Houze AM, Guxens M, Iñiguez C, Swartz MD, Symanski E, Ibarluzea J, Valentin A, Lertxundi A, González-Safont L, Sunyer J, Whitworth KW. Susceptible windows of prenatal and postnatal fine particulate matter exposures and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in early childhood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168806. [PMID: 38016567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Few prior studies have explored windows of susceptibility to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in both the prenatal and postnatal periods and children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We analyzed data from 1416 mother-child pairs from the Spanish INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) Study (2003-2008). Around 5 years of age, teachers reported the number of ADHD symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) using the ADHD Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Around 7 years of age, parents completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scales, from which we evaluated the ADHD index, cognitive problems/inattention, hyperactivity, and oppositional subscales, reported as age- and sex-standardized T-scores. Daily residential PM2.5 exposures were estimated using a two-stage random forest model with temporal back-extrapolation and averaged over 1-week periods in the prenatal period and 4-week periods in the postnatal period. We applied distributed lag non-linear models within the Bayesian hierarchical model framework to identify susceptible windows of prenatal or postnatal exposure to PM2.5 (per 5-μg/m3) for ADHD symptoms. Models were adjusted for relevant covariates, and cumulative effects were reported by aggregating risk ratios (RRcum) or effect estimates (βcum) across adjacent susceptible windows. A similar susceptible period of exposure to PM2.5 (1.2-2.9 and 0.9-2.7 years of age, respectively) was identified for hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms assessed ~5 years (RRcum = 2.72, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 1.98, 3.74) and increased hyperactivity subscale ~7 years (βcum = 3.70, 95% CrI = 2.36, 5.03). We observed a susceptibility period to PM2.5 on risk of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms ~5 years in gestational weeks 16-22 (RRcum = 1.36, 95% CrI = 1.22, 1.52). No associations between PM2.5 exposure and other ADHD symptoms were observed. We report consistent evidence of toddlerhood as a susceptible window of PM2.5 exposure for hyperactivity in young children. Although mid-pregnancy was identified as a susceptible period of exposure on hyperactivity symptoms in preschool-aged children, this association was not observed at the time children were school-aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Rector-Houze
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Michael D Swartz
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub-Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Antonia Valentin
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Llúcia González-Safont
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain; Nursing and Chiropody Faculty of Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristina W Whitworth
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Cao Z, Yang M, Gong H, Feng X, Hu L, Li R, Xu S, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhou A. Association between prenatal exposure to rare earth elements and the neurodevelopment of children at 24-months of age: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123201. [PMID: 38135135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of rare earth elements (REEs) has resulted in a considerable risk of environmental exposure. However, the adverse effects of prenatal REEs exposure on children's neurodevelopment are not yet fully recognized. Therefore, we investigated the individual and joint effects of prenatal exposure to 13 REEs on children's neurocognitive development based on 809 mother-child pairs from a large birth cohort in Wuhan, China. Maternal urinary concentrations of 13 REEs were repeatedly measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Children's neurodevelopment [e.g., mental and psychomotor development index (MDI/PDI)] at 24-months was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development of Chinese Revision. GEE and BKMR models were applied to estimate the individual and joint effects of prenatal REE exposure on child neurodevelopment level. After controlling for typical confounders, we observed that exposure to 9 REEs during the first trimester were significantly associated with decreased MDI scores [βs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) ranging from -2.24 (-3.86 ∼ -0.63) to -1.44 (-2.26∼ -0.26)], and 7 REEs during third trimester were significantly associated decreased PDI scores [β and 95% CIs ranging from -1.95 (-3.19 ∼ -0.71) to -1.25 (-2.34 ∼ -0.16)]. Higher quantiles of REE mixture in first and third trimester were associated with decreased MDI and PDI score. Thulium, erbium in the first trimester and cerium, lanthanum in the third trimester accounted most importance to joint effects on MDI and PDI, respectively. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to higher concentrations of REEs during the first and third trimester were negative associated with children's neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Cao
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Medical Center of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute of Maternal and Children Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Hsu HHL, Lane JM, Schnaas L, Coull BA, Osorio-Valencia E, Chiu YHM, Wilson A, Just AC, Kloog I, Bellinger D, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO. Sensitive development windows of prenatal air pollution and cognitive functioning in preschool age Mexican children. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e291. [PMID: 38343731 PMCID: PMC10852370 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurotoxicity resulting from air pollution is of increasing concern. Considering exposure timing effects on neurodevelopmental impairments may be as important as the exposure dose. We used distributed lag regression to determine the sensitive windows of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on children's cognition in a birth cohort in Mexico. Methods Analysis included 553 full-term (≥37 weeks gestation) children. Prenatal daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a validated satellite-based spatiotemporal model. McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) were used to assess children's cognitive function at 4-5 years old (lower scores indicate poorer performance). To identify susceptibility windows, we used Bayesian distributed lag interaction models to examine associations between prenatal PM2.5 levels and MSCA. This allowed us to estimate vulnerable windows while testing for effect modification. Results After adjusting for maternal age, socioeconomic status, child age, and sex, Bayesian distributed lag interaction models showed significant associations between increased PM2.5 levels and decreased general cognitive index scores at 31-35 gestation weeks, decreased quantitative scale scores at 30-36 weeks, decreased motor scale scores at 30-36 weeks, and decreased verbal scale scores at 37-38 weeks. Estimated cumulative effects (CE) of PM2.5 across pregnancy showed significant associations with general cognitive index (C E ^ = -0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.68, -0.01), quantitative scale (C E ^ = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.74, -0.02), motor scale (C E ^ = -0.25, 95% CI = -0.44, -0.05), and verbal scale (C E ^ = -0.2, 95% CI = -0.43, -0.02). No significant sex interactions were observed. Conclusions Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, particularly late pregnancy, was inversely associated with subscales of MSCA. Using data-driven methods to identify sensitive window may provide insight into the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental impairment due to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jamil M. Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Biostatistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | - David Bellinger
- Department of Neurology,Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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17
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López-Granero C, Polyanskaya L, Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Barrasa A, Aschner M, Alique M. Particulate Matter in Human Elderly: Higher Susceptibility to Cognitive Decline and Age-Related Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 14:35. [PMID: 38254635 PMCID: PMC10813119 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the significant impact of air quality, specifically particulate matter (PM), on cognitive decline and age-related diseases in the elderly. Despite established links to other pathologies, such as respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, there is a pressing need for increased attention to the association between air pollution and cognitive aging, given the rising prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. PM sources are from diverse origins, including industrial activities and combustion engines, categorized into PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafine PM (UFPM), and emphasized health risks from both outdoor and indoor exposure. Long-term PM exposure, notably PM2.5, has correlated with declines in cognitive function, with a specific vulnerability observed in women. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been explored due to the interplay between them, PM exposure, and human aging, highlighting the crucial role of EVs, especially exosomes, in mediating the complex relationship between PM exposure and chronic diseases, particularly neurological disorders. To sum up, we have compiled the pieces of evidence that show the potential contribution of PM exposure to cognitive aging and the role of EVs in mediating PM-induced cognitive impairment, which presents a promising avenue for future research and development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, this review emphasizes the need for policy changes and increased public awareness to mitigate air pollution, especially among vulnerable populations such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad López-Granero
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Leona Polyanskaya
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Angel Barrasa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003 Teruel, Spain; (C.L.-G.); (D.R.-S.); (A.B.)
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Matilde Alique
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Saddiki H, Zhang X, Colicino E, Wilson A, Kloog I, Wright RO, Wright RJ, Lesseur C. DNA methylation profiles reveal sex-specific associations between gestational exposure to ambient air pollution and placenta cell-type composition in the PRISM cohort study. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:188. [PMID: 38041176 PMCID: PMC10693032 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse health outcomes for mothers and newborns. The placenta is a central regulator of the in utero environment that orchestrates development and postnatal life via fetal programming. Ambient air pollution contaminants can reach the placenta and have been shown to alter bulk placental tissue DNA methylation patterns. Yet the effect of air pollution on placental cell-type composition has not been examined. We aimed to investigate whether the exposure to ambient air pollution during gestation is associated with placental cell types inferred from DNA methylation profiles. METHODS We leveraged data from 226 mother-infant pairs in the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) longitudinal cohort in the Northeastern US. Daily concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at 1 km spatial resolution were estimated from a spatiotemporal model developed with satellite data and linked to womens' addresses during pregnancy and infants' date of birth. The proportions of six cell types [syncytiotrophoblasts, trophoblasts, stromal, endothelial, Hofbauer and nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs)] were derived from placental tissue 450K DNA methylation array. We applied compositional regression to examine overall changes in placenta cell-type composition related to PM2.5 average by pregnancy trimester. We also investigated the association between PM2.5 and individual cell types using beta regression. All analyses were performed in the overall sample and stratified by infant sex adjusted for covariates. RESULTS In male infants, first trimester (T1) PM2.5 was associated with changes in placental cell composition (p = 0.03), driven by a decrease [per one PM2.5 interquartile range (IQR)] of 0.037 in the syncytiotrophoblasts proportion (95% confidence interval (CI) [- 0.066, - 0.012]), accompanied by an increase in trophoblasts of 0.033 (95% CI: [0.009, 0.064]). In females, second and third trimester PM2.5 were associated with overall changes in placental cell-type composition (T2: p = 0.040; T3: p = 0.049), with a decrease in the nRBC proportion. Individual cell-type analysis with beta regression showed similar results with an additional association found for third trimester PM2.5 and stromal cells in females (decrease of 0.054, p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Gestational exposure to air pollution was associated with placenta cell composition. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings and evaluate their role in PM2.5-related impact in the placenta and consequent fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachem Saddiki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Baranyi G, Williamson L, Feng Z, Tomlinson S, Vieno M, Dibben C. Early life PM 2.5 exposure, childhood cognitive ability and mortality between age 11 and 86: A record-linkage life-course study from Scotland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117021. [PMID: 37659643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in areas with high air pollution concentrations is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Exposure in sensitive developmental periods might be long-lasting but studies with very long follow-up are rare, and mediating pathways between early life exposure and life-course mortality are not fully understood. METHODS Data were drawn from the Scottish Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort of 1936, a representative record-linkage study comprising 5% of the Scottish population born in 1936. Participants had valid age 11 cognitive ability test scores along with linked mortality data until age 86. Fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations estimated with the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model were linked to participants' residential address derived from the National Identity Register in 1939 (age 3). Confounder-adjusted Cox regression estimated associations between PM2.5 and mortality; regression-based causal mediation analysis explored mediation through childhood cognitive ability. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 2734 individuals with 1608 deaths registered during the 1,833,517 person-months at risk follow-up time. Higher early life PM2.5 exposure increased the risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04 per 10 μg m-3 increment), associations were stronger for mortality between age 65 and 86. PM2.5 increased the risk of cancer-related mortality (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08), especially for lung cancer among females (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21), but not for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Higher PM2.5 in early life (≥50 μg m-3) was associated with lower childhood cognitive ability, which, in turn, increased the risk of all-cause mortality and mediated 25% of the total associations. CONCLUSIONS In our life-course study with 75-year of continuous mortality records, we found that exposure to air pollution in early life was associated with higher mortality in late adulthood, and that childhood cognitive ability partly mediated this relationship. Findings suggest that past air pollution concentrations will likely impact health and longevity for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Lee Williamson
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Longitudinal Studies Centre - Scotland, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sam Tomlinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Ave, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Chris Dibben
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mork D, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Weisskopf M, Coull BA, Wilson A. Heterogeneous Distributed Lag Models to Estimate Personalized Effects of Maternal Exposures to Air Pollution. J Am Stat Assoc 2023; 119:14-26. [PMID: 38835505 PMCID: PMC11147136 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2023.2258595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Children's health studies support an association between maternal environmental exposures and children's birth outcomes. A common goal is to identify critical windows of susceptibility-periods during gestation with increased association between maternal exposures and a future outcome. The timing of the critical windows and magnitude of the associations are likely heterogeneous across different levels of individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics. Using an administrative Colorado birth cohort we estimate the individualized relationship between weekly exposures to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) during gestation and birth weight. To achieve this goal, we propose a statistical learning method combining distributed lag models and Bayesian additive regression trees to estimate critical windows at the individual level and identify characteristics that induce heterogeneity from a high-dimensional set of potential modifying factors. We find evidence of heterogeneity in the PM 2.5 -birth weight relationship, with some mother-child dyads showing a 3 times larger decrease in birth weight for an IQR increase in exposure (5.9 to 8.5 PM 2.5 μg/m3) compared to the population average. Specifically, we find increased vulnerabilitity for non-Hispanic mothers who are either younger, have higher body mass index or lower educational attainment. Our case study is the first precision health study of critical windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mork
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - Marc Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University
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Margolis AE, Greenwood P, Dranovsky A, Rauh V. The Role of Environmental Chemicals in the Etiology of Learning Difficulties: A Novel Theoretical Framework. MIND, BRAIN AND EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION SOCIETY 2023; 17:301-311. [PMID: 38389544 PMCID: PMC10881209 DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Children from economically disadvantaged communities have a disproportionate risk of exposure to chemicals, social stress, and learning difficulties. Although animal models and epidemiologic studies link exposures and neurodevelopment, little focus has been paid to academic outcomes in environmental health studies. Similarly, in the educational literature, environmental chemical exposures are overlooked as potential etiologic factors in learning difficulties. We propose a theoretical framework for the etiology of learning difficulties that focuses on these understudied exogenous factors. We discuss findings from animal models and longitudinal, prospective birth cohort studies that support this theoretical framework. Studies reviewed point to the effects of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on reading comprehension and math skills via effects on inhibitory control processes. Long term, this work will help close the achievement gap in the United States by identifying behavioral and neural pathways from prenatal exposures to learning difficulties in children from economically disadvantaged families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Paige Greenwood
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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Hou Y, Yan W, Li G, Sang N. Transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals a potential role of lncRNA NONMMUT058932.2 and NONMMUT029203.2 in abnormal myelin development of male offspring following prenatal PM 2.5 exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165004. [PMID: 37348736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure in early life can influence brain development and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in boys, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were oropharyngeally administered with PM2.5 suspension (3mg/kg/2 days) until the birth of offspring. Based on mRNA expression profiles, two-way analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to explore the most impacted neurodevelopmental processes in male offspring and the most significantly associated gene modules. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses suggested that prenatal PM2.5 exposure significantly altered several biological processes (such as substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading, myelination, and ensheathment of neurons) and KEGG pathways (such as tight junction and axon guidance). We further found that PM2.5 exposure significantly changed the expression of myelination-related genes in male offspring during postnatal development and impaired myelin ultrastructure on PNDs 14 and 21, as demonstrated by the decreased thickness of myelin sheaths in the optic nerves, and mild loss of myelin in the corpus callosum. Importantly, lncRNA NONMMUT058932.2 and NONMMUT029203.2 played key roles in abnormal myelination by regulating the expression of several myelination-related genes (Fa2h, Mal, Sh3tc2, Trf and Tppp) through the binding to transcription factor Ctcf. Our work provides genomic evidence for prenatal PM2.5 exposure-induced neurodevelopmental disorders in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Hou
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China.
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Guilbert A, Bernard JY, Peyre H, Costet N, Hough I, Seyve E, Monfort C, Philippat C, Slama R, Kloog I, Chevrier C, Heude B, Ramus F, Lepeule J. Prenatal and childhood exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive function in school-age children: Examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116557. [PMID: 37423370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined effect of both prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ambient air pollution on child cognition has rarely been investigated and periods of sensitivity are unknown. This study explores the temporal relationship between pre- and postnatal exposure to PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and child cognitive function. METHODS Using validated spatiotemporally resolved exposure models, pre- and postnatal daily PM2.5, PM10 (satellite based, 1 km resolution) and NO2 (chemistry-transport model, 4 km resolution) concentrations at the mother's residence were estimated for 1271 mother-child pairs from the French EDEN and PELAGIE cohorts. Scores representative of children's General, Verbal and Non-Verbal abilities at 5-6 years were constructed based on subscale scores from the WPPSI-III, WISC-IV or NEPSY-II batteries, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Associations of both prenatal (first 35 gestational weeks) and postnatal (60 months after birth) exposure to air pollutants with child cognition were explored using Distributed Lag Non-linear Models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Increased maternal exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2, during sensitive windows comprised between the 15th and the 33rd gestational weeks, was associated with lower males' General and Non-verbal abilities. Higher postnatal exposure to PM2.5 between the 35th and 52nd month of life was associated with lower males' General, Verbal and Non-verbal abilities. Some protective associations were punctually observed for the very first gestational weeks or months of life for both males and females and the different pollutants and cognitive scores. DISCUSSION These results suggest poorer cognitive function at 5-6 years among males following increased maternal exposure to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 during mid-pregnancy and child exposure to PM2.5 around 3-4 years. Apparent protective associations observed are unlikely to be causal and might be due to live birth selection bias, chance finding or residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Guilbert
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Centre de Ressources Autisme Languedoc-Roussillon et Centre d'Excellence sur l'Autisme et les Troubles Neuro-développementaux, CHU Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807, Villejuif, France; Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ian Hough
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Institute of Environmental Geosciences (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400, Saint Martin D'Hères, France
| | - Emie Seyve
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Team of Epidemiology and Exposure Science in Health and Environment, Research Center on Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Inserm, Université Rennes, EHESP, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), 75004, Paris, France
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, 38700, La Tronche, France.
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Chiu YHM, Wilson A, Hsu HHL, Jamal H, Mathews N, Kloog I, Schwartz J, Bellinger DC, Xhani N, Wright RO, Coull BA, Wright RJ. Prenatal ambient air pollutant mixture exposure and neurodevelopment in urban children in the Northeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116394. [PMID: 37315758 PMCID: PMC10528414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of prenatal air pollution (AP) exposure on child neurodevelopment have mostly focused on a single pollutant. We leveraged daily exposure data and implemented novel data-driven statistical approaches to assess effects of prenatal exposure to a mixture of seven air pollutants on cognitive functioning in school-age children from an urban pregnancy cohort. METHODS Analyses included 236 children born at ≥37 weeks gestation. Maternal prenatal daily exposure levels for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and constituents of fine particles [elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), ammonium (NH4+)] were estimated based on residential addresses using validated satellite-based hybrid models or global 3-D chemical-transport models. Children completed Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML-2) and Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) at 6.5 ± 0.9 years of age. Time-weighted levels for mixture pollutants were estimated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Distributed Lag Models (BKMR-DLMs), with which we also explored the interactions in the exposure-response functions among pollutants. Resulting time-weighted exposure levels were used in Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regressions to examine AP mixture effects on outcomes, adjusted for maternal age, education, child sex, and prenatal temperature. RESULTS Mothers were primarily ethnic minorities (81% Hispanic and/or black) reporting ≤12 years of education (68%). Prenatal AP mixture (per unit increase in WQS estimated AP index) was associated with decreased WRAML-2 general memory (GM; β = -0.64, 95%CI = -1.40, 0.00) and memory-related attention/concentration (AC; β = -1.03, 95%CI = -1.78, -0.27) indices, indicating poorer memory functioning, as well as increased CPT-II omission errors (OE; β = 1.55, 95%CI = 0.34, 2.77), indicating increased attention problems. When stratified by sex, association with AC index was significant among girls, while association with OE was significant among boys. Traffic-related pollutants (NO2, OC, EC) and SO42- were major contributors to these associations. There was no significant evidence of interactions among mixture components. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to an AP mixture was associated with child neurocognitive outcomes in a sex- and domain-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harris Jamal
- Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Medical College of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Mathews
- The Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naim Xhani
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Plusquin M, Wang C, Cosemans C, Roels HA, Vangeneugden M, Lapauw B, Fiers T, T'Sjoen G, Nawrot TS. The association between newborn cord blood steroids and ambient prenatal exposure to air pollution: findings from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. Environ Health 2023; 22:63. [PMID: 37674219 PMCID: PMC10483875 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of whether prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution disrupts steroidogenesis is currently lacking. We investigated the association between prenatal ambient air pollution and highly accurate measurements of cord blood steroid hormones from the androgenic pathway.This study included 397 newborns born between the years 2010 and 2015 from the ENVIRONAGE cohort in Belgium of whom six cord blood steroid levels were measured: 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, androstenedione, and testosterone. Maternal ambient exposure to PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm), NO2, and black carbon (BC) were estimated daily during the entire pregnancy using a high-resolution spatiotemporal model. The associations between the cord blood steroids and the air pollutants were tested and estimated by first fitting linear regression models and followed by fitting weekly prenatal exposures to distributed lag models (DLM). These analyses accounted for possible confounders, coexposures, and an interaction effect between sex and the exposure. We examined mixture effects and critical exposure windows of PM2.5, NO2 and BC on cord blood steroids via the Bayesian kernel machine regression distributed lag model (BKMR-DLM).An interquartile range (IQR) increment of 7.96 µg/m3 in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy trimester 3 was associated with an increase of 23.01% (99% confidence interval: 3.26-46.54%) in cord blood levels of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and an IQR increment of 0.58 µg/m³ in BC exposure during trimester 1 was associated with a decrease of 11.00% (99% CI: -19.86 to -0.012%) in cord blood levels of androstenedione. For these two models, the DLM statistics identified sensitive gestational time windows for cord blood steroids and ambient air pollution exposures, in particular for 17α-hydroxypregnenolone and PM2.5 exposure during trimester 3 (weeks 28-36) and for androsterone and BC exposure during early pregnancy (weeks 2-13) as well as during mid-pregnancy (weeks 18-26). We identified interaction effects between pollutants, which has been suggested especially for NO2.Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy interferes with steroid levels in cord blood. Further studies should investigate potential early-life action mechanisms and possible later-in-life adverse effects of hormonal disturbances due to air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Congrong Wang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Harry A Roels
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Fiers
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Sun B, Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Szpiro A, Day D, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Kannan K, Robinson M, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, Mason A, Swan SH, Trasande L, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognition in early childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108009. [PMID: 37331181 PMCID: PMC10519343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence for gestational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and adverse child cognitive outcomes is mixed; little is known about critical windows of exposure. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between prenatal PAH exposure and child cognition in a large, multi-site study. METHODS We included mother-child dyads from two pooled prospective pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES, N = 1,223) in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy in both cohorts as well as early and late pregnancy in TIDES. Child intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed between ages 4-6. Associations between individual PAH metabolites and IQ were estimated with multivariable linear regression. Interaction terms were used to examine effect modification by child sex and maternal obesity. We explored associations of PAH metabolite mixtures with IQ using weighted quantile sum regression. In TIDES, we averaged PAH metabolites over three periods of pregnancy and by pregnancy period to investigate associations between PAH metabolites and IQ. RESULTS In the combined sample, PAH metabolites were not associated with IQ after full adjustment, nor did we observe associations with PAH mixtures. Tests of effect modification were null except for the association between 2-hydroxynaphthalene and IQ, which was negative in males (βmales = -0.67 [95%CI:-1.47,0.13]) and positive in females (βfemales = 0.31 [95%CI:-0.52,1.13])(pinteraction = 0.04). In analyses across pregnancy (TIDES-only), inverse associations with IQ were observed for 2-hydroxyphenanthrene averaged across pregnancy (β = -1.28 [95%CI:-2.53,-0.03]) and in early pregnancy (β = -1.14 [95%CI:-2.00,-0.28]). SIGNIFICANCE In this multi-cohort analysis, we observed limited evidence of adverse associations of early pregnancy PAHs with child IQ. Analyses in the pooled cohorts were null. However, results also indicated that utilizing more than one exposure measures across pregnancy could improve the ability to detect associations by identifying sensitive windows and improving the reliability of exposure measurement. More research with multiple timepoints of PAH assessment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Grossklaus R, Liesenkötter KP, Doubek K, Völzke H, Gaertner R. Iodine Deficiency, Maternal Hypothyroxinemia and Endocrine Disrupters Affecting Fetal Brain Development: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102249. [PMID: 37242131 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review critically discusses the publications of the last 30 years on the impact of mild to moderate iodine deficiency and the additional impact of endocrine disrupters during pregnancy on embryonal/fetal brain development. An asymptomatic mild to moderate iodine deficiency and/or isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia might affect the development of the embryonal/fetal brain. There is sufficient evidence underlining the importance of an adequate iodine supply for all women of childbearing age in order to prevent negative mental and social consequences for their children. An additional threat to the thyroid hormone system is the ubiquitous exposure to endocrine disrupters, which might exacerbate the effects of iodine deficiency in pregnant women on the neurocognitive development of their offspring. Ensuring adequate iodine intake is therefore essential not only for healthy fetal and neonatal development in general, but it might also extenuate the effects of endocrine disruptors. Individual iodine supplementation of women of childbearing age living in areas with mild to moderate iodine deficiency is mandatory as long as worldwide universal salt iodization does not guarantee an adequate iodine supply. There is an urgent need for detailed strategies to identify and reduce exposure to endocrine disrupters according to the "precautional principle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Grossklaus
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, D-10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Doubek
- Professional Association of Gynecologists, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roland Gaertner
- Medical Clinic IV, University of Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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28
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Ulziikhuu B, Gombojav E, Banzrai C, Batsukh S, Enkhtuya E, Boldbaatar B, Bellinger DC, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Nepomnaschy P, Salvante K, Weinberg J, Allen RW. Who benefits most from a prenatal HEPA filter air cleaner intervention on childhood cognitive development? The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115991. [PMID: 37121346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure during pregnancy affects children's brain function. Maternal stress and nutrition, socioeconomic status, and the child's sex may modify this relationship. OBJECTIVE To identify characteristics of children with the largest increases in full-scale IQ (FSIQ) after their mothers used HEPA filter air cleaners during pregnancy. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial we randomly assigned women to receive 1-2 air cleaners or no air cleaners during pregnancy. We analyzed maternal hair samples for cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). When the children were 48 months old, we measured FSIQ with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. We evaluated ten potential modifiers of the intervention-FSIQ relationship using interaction terms in separate regression models. To account for correlations between modifiers, we also used a single regression model containing main effects and intervention x modifier terms for all potential modifiers. RESULTS Among 242 mother-child dyads with complete data, the intervention was associated with a 2.3-point increase (95% CI: -1.5, 6.0 points) in mean FSIQ. The intervention improved mean FSIQ among children of mothers in the bottom (5.4 points; 95% CI: -0.8, 11.5) and top (6.1 points; 95% CI: 0.5, 11.8) cortisol tertiles, but not among those whose mothers were in the middle tertile. The largest between-group difference in the intervention's effect was a 7.5-point (95% CI: -0.7, 15.7) larger increase in mean FSIQ among children whose mothers did not take vitamins than among children whose mothers did take vitamins (interaction p-value = 0.07). We also observed larger benefits among children whose mothers did not complete university, and those with lower hair DHEA concentrations, hair cortisol concentrations outside the middle tertile, or more perceived stress. CONCLUSION The benefits of reducing air pollution during pregnancy on brain development may be greatest for children whose mothers who do not take vitamins, experience more stress, or have less education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sarangerel Batsukh
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Enkhtuul Enkhtuya
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanne Weinberg
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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29
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Ren B, He Q, Ma J, Zhang G. A preliminary analysis of global neonatal disorders burden attributable to PM 2.5 from 1990 to 2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161608. [PMID: 36649767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is related to various neonatal diseases (ND). However, data and studies assessing the neonatal disease burden caused by PM2.5 at the global level are limited, especially comparing countries with various socioeconomic development levels. We, therefore, assessed three-decades spatiotemporal changes in neonatal disease burden from 1990 at a national level, combined with the socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS We extracted statistics from the Global Burden of Disease Study database for this retrospective study, and analyzed differences in the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of ND and five sub-causes related to PM2.5 by gender, nationality, and SDI. To describe the trend of ASMR, the Joinpoint model was adopted to predict the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). We executed the Gaussian process regression model to predict the relevance between SDI and ASMR. RESULTS The ND burden associated with PM2.5 kept rising since 1990, especially in low-middle SDI regions, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, and the sex ratio of ASMR was >1 at the global level and all five SDI regions. The leading cause of death was neonatal preterm birth. The global ASMR level of ND was 2.09 per 100,000 population in 2019 and AAPCs was 0.91 (98 % CI: 0.28, 1.55) meanwhile AAPCs decreased with rising SDI levels. The decreasing trend of ASMR in ND was detected in regions with higher SDI, such as North America, Europe, and Australasia. CONCLUSIONS In the past three decades, the global burden of ND related to PM2.5 has ascended considerably in lower SDI regions hence PM2.5 is still considered a notable environmental hazard factor for newborn diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Ren
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qin He
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Gexiang Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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30
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Wang C, Jia X, Jin H, Meng Y, Ye W, Zhang N, Wang W, Kan H, Zhang J. Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the fetus: A prospective cohort study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114912. [PMID: 37075646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been associated with impaired neurobehavioral development in children. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important growth factor in the nervous system. We evaluated the associations of maternal PM2.5 exposures with fetal BDNF in the umbilical cord blood in a prospective cohort study. A total of 711 eligible mother-infant pairs from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included in the current study. Daily maternal exposures to ambient PM2.5 were assessed with a gap-filling approach at 1 * 1 km2 resolution based on self-reported home addresses. The concentrations of BDNF in the cord blood were measured by ELISA. A linear regression model was applied to evaluate the association of maternal ambient PM2.5 exposure with fetal BDNF level at birth. The median concentration of BDNF was 13,403 pg/ml. Vaginal deliveries and female infants had higher BDNF levels than cesarean deliveries and male infants. One natural log (ln) unit increase in maternal PM2.5 exposure during the second trimester was significantly associated with - 0.20 (95% CI: -0.36, -0.05) ln-unit decrease in BDNF level in all births. These effects were stronger and more significant in vaginal deliveries and in male infants. Our study suggests that BDNF in the cord blood may serve as a potential biomarker in assessing the neurodevelopmental effects of maternal PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Putuo Maternity and Infant Hospital, 517 Tong Pu Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Putuo Maternity and Infant Hospital, 517 Tong Pu Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China.
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Zhen H, Zhang F, Cheng H, Hu F, Jia Y, Hou Y, Shang M, Yu H, Jiang M. Association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with child neurodevelopment and adult emotional disorders: A meta-analysis study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114770. [PMID: 36931089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been demonstrated to be neurotoxic. OBJECTIVES To summarize the existing epidemiological studies to quantify the effects of PAHs exposure on child neurodevelopment and adult emotional disorders. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We conducted a systematic literature search for studies of child neurodevelopment and adult emotional disorders published in English up to April 2022 in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase using combinations of MeSH terms and Entry terms, and the articles were filtered out according to data availability. A variety of common PAHs were included in the meta-analysis: 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and benzoapyrene (BaP). STUDY EVALUATION AND SYNTHESIS METHODS We extracted the content of each article, summarized its design characteristics and performed quality evaluation. We combined the odds ratio (OR) available in various studies to obtain the risk of PAHs exposure and adaptive, language, social, attention, motor skills and child depression/anxiety in children ≤ 15 years old. In addition, we also conducted a meta-analysis on the relationship between PAHs exposure and the risk of depression in adults. RESULTS We included a total of 16 epidemiological studies (4 cross-sectional studies and 12 cohort studies). The sample size of all included studies ranged from 110 to 9625. Prenatal exposure to PAHs was found to be associated with increased risk of social behavior (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.00-2.54), attention (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.48-6.02), motor skill problems (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.27-2.86) and any adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in children (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.69-2.62). In addition, we found that PAHs exposure could increase the risk of adult depression, with 2-hydroxyfluorene exposure showing the highest combined OR (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-2.00). CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that PAHs exposure are associated with increased risk of child neurodevelopment and adult depression. The neurotoxic effects of PAHs exposure in human being should be paid more attention. The results suggested that PAHs exposure are associated with increased risk of child neurodevelopment and adult depression. The neurotoxic effects of PAHs exposure in human being should be paid more attention. Steps should be taken to enhance the biomonitoring of PAHs and to reduce the exposure in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Zhen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hengshun Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fengying Hu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yunfei Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yanyan Hou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengqing Shang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Sun X, Liu C, Ji H, Li W, Miao M, Yuan W, Yuan Z, Liang H, Kan H. Prenatal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents and child intelligence quotient at 6 years of age. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114813. [PMID: 36948012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are limited studies on the associations between prenatal exposure to constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and children's intelligence quotient (IQ). Our study aimed to explore the associations between prenatal PM2.5 and its six constituents and the IQ levels of 6-year-old children. We included 512 mother-child pairs. We used a satellite-based modelling framework to estimate prenatal PM2.5 and its six constituents (ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, organic carbon, soil dust, and black carbon). We assessed the children's IQ using the short form of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores were computed. The multiple informant model (MIM) was applied to explore the trimester specific effects of PM2.5 and its six constituents' exposure on children's PRI, VCI, and FSIQ. To examine whether the duration of breastfeeding and physical activity (PA) could modify the effects of PM2.5 on children's IQ, we stratified the analyses according to the duration of breastfeeding (≤6 and >6 months) and time of outdoor activities after school (≤2 and >2 h/week). The first trimester PM2.5 and its five constituents' exposures were inversely associated with FSIQ [β = -1.34, 95 % confidence interval [CI] (-2.71, 0.04) for PM2.5] and PRI [β = -2.18, 95 %CI (-3.80, -0.57) for PM2.5] in children. The associations were magnified among boys and those with less outdoor activities or shorter breastfeeding duration. Our results indicate that prenatal PM2.5 and several of its main constituents' exposure may disrupt cognitive development in children aged 6 years. More PA and longer breastfeeding duration may alleviate the detrimental effects of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on children's cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Ji
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Liang
- NHC Key Lab. Of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hsu HHL, Wilson A, Schwartz J, Kloog I, Wright RO, Coull BA, Wright RJ. Prenatal Ambient Air Pollutant Mixture Exposure and Early School-age Lung Function. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e249. [PMID: 37064424 PMCID: PMC10097575 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research linking prenatal ambient air pollution with childhood lung function has largely considered one pollutant at a time. Real-life exposure is to mixtures of pollutants and their chemical components; not considering joint effects/effect modification by co-exposures contributes to misleading results. Methods Analyses included 198 mother-child dyads recruited from two hospitals and affiliated community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Daily prenatal pollutant exposures were estimated using satellite-based hybrid chemical-transport models, including nitrogen dioxide(NO2), ozone(O3), and fine particle constituents (elemental carbon [EC], organic carbon [OC], nitrate [NO3 -], sulfate [SO4 2-], and ammonium [NH4 +]). Spirometry was performed at age 6.99 ± 0.89 years; forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75) z-scores accounted for age, sex, height, and race/ethnicity. We examined associations between weekly-averaged prenatal pollution mixture levels and outcomes using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression-Distributed Lag Models (BKMR-DLMs) to identify susceptibility windows for each component and estimate a potentially complex mixture exposure-response relationship including nonlinear effects and interactions among exposures. We also performed linear regression models using time-weighted-mixture component levels derived by BKMR-DLMs adjusting for maternal age, education, perinatal smoking, and temperature. Results Most mothers were Hispanic (63%) or Black (21%) with ≤12 years of education (67%). BKMR-DLMs identified a significant effect for O3 exposure at 18-22 weeks gestation predicting lower FEV1/FVC. Linear regression identified significant associations for O3, NH4 +, and OC with decreased FEV1/FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75, respectively. There was no evidence of interactions among pollutants. Conclusions In this multi-pollutant model, prenatal O3, OC, and NH4 + were most strongly associated with reduced early childhood lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Yang Z, Qi Y, Song Q, Zhang Y. Association between exposure to air pollution and memory: the mediating effect of health. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Sukumaran K, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Burnor E, Bottenhorn KL, Hackman DA, McConnell R, Berhane K, Schwartz J, Chen JC, Herting MM. Ambient fine particulate exposure and subcortical gray matter microarchitecture in 9- and 10-year-old children across the United States. iScience 2023; 26:106087. [PMID: 36915692 PMCID: PMC10006642 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies showing the adverse effects of air pollution on neurodevelopment have largely focused on smaller samples from limited geographical locations and have implemented univariant approaches to assess exposure and brain macrostructure. Herein, we implement restriction spectrum imaging and a multivariate approach to examine how one year of annual exposure to daily fine particulate matter (PM2.5), daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and 8-h maximum ozone (O3) at ages 9-10 years relates to subcortical gray matter microarchitecture in a geographically diverse subsample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study℠. Adjusting for confounders, we identified a latent variable representing 66% of the variance between one year of air pollution and subcortical gray matter microarchitecture. PM2.5 was related to greater isotropic intracellular diffusion in the thalamus, brainstem, and accumbens, which related to cognition and internalizing symptoms. These findings may be indicative of previously identified air pollution-related risk for neuroinflammation and early neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthana Sukumaran
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
| | - Elisabeth Burnor
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
| | - Katherine L. Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Daniel A. Hackman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90063, USA
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Corresponding author
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Holm SM, Balmes JR, Gunier RB, Kogut K, Harley KG, Eskenazi B. Cognitive Development and Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure in the CHAMACOS Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:37007. [PMID: 36913239 PMCID: PMC10010399 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because fine particulate matter [PM, with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] is a ubiquitous environmental exposure, small changes in cognition associated with PM2.5 exposure could have great societal costs. Prior studies have demonstrated a relationship between in utero PM2.5 exposure and cognitive development in urban populations, but it is not known whether these effects are similar in rural populations and whether they persist into late childhood. OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested for associations between prenatal PM2.5 exposure and both full-scale and subscale measures of IQ among a longitudinal cohort at age 10.5 y. METHODS This analysis used data from 568 children enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a birth cohort study in California's agricultural Salinas Valley. Exposures were estimated at residential addresses during pregnancy using state of the art, modeled PM2.5 surfaces. IQ testing was performed by bilingual psychometricians in the dominant language of the child. RESULTS A 3-μg/m3 higher average PM2.5 over pregnancy was associated with -1.79 full-scale IQ points [95% confidence interval (CI): -2.98, -0.58], with decrements specifically in Working Memory IQ (WMIQ) and Processing Speed IQ (PSIQ) subscales [WMIQ -1.72 (95% CI: -2.98, -0.45) and PSIQ -1.19 (95% CI: -2.54, 0.16)]. Flexible modeling over the course of pregnancy illustrated mid-to-late pregnancy (months 5-7) as particularly susceptible times, with sex differences in the timing of susceptible windows and in which subscales were most affected [Verbal Comprehension IQ (VCIQ) and WMIQ in males; and PSIQ in females]. DISCUSSION We found that small increases in outdoor PM2.5 exposure in utero were associated with slightly lower IQ in late childhood, robust to many sensitivity analyses. In this cohort there was a larger effect of PM2.5 on childhood IQ than has previously been observed, perhaps due to differences in PM composition or because developmental disruption could alter the cognitive trajectory and thus appear more pronounced as children get older. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Holm
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John R. Balmes
- Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert B. Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kim G. Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Qi H, Peng A, Mei H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Tuerxun P, Dong W, Li C, Xu K, Chang R, Yang S, Zhang J. Association between short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants and internalizing/externalizing behavior in children aged 4 to 7 years. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37321-37331. [PMID: 36567392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of air pollutants on psychological health have attracted increasing attention worldwide. However, there is limited evidence on the association between air pollution and children's psychological development. This study explores the association between short- and long-term exposures to air pollutants and children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors. A total of 2303 children of 4-7 years were included in this study. We assessed their behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist (4-16 years). The prevalence of internalizing and externalizing behavior was 4.77% and 4.43%, respectively. For short-term exposure, CO pollution was associated with children's internalizing behaviors, with each 1 mg/m3 increment leading to an odds ratio (OR) of 1.063 (95% CI 1.005, 1.124), 1.065 (95% CI 1.009, 1.124), 1.067 (95% CI 1.007, 1.131), and 1.122 (95% CI 1.018, 1.236) at lag04, lag05, lag06, and lag0120, respectively. O3 (per 1 g[Formula: see text]/m3) was negatively associated with internalizing problems at lag2 [OR = 0.991 (95% CI 0.983, 0.999)]. NO2 (per 1 g[Formula: see text]/m3) was significantly associated with externalizing behaviors, with the ORs of 1.067 (95% CI 1.024, 1.111) at lag060 and 1.060 (95% CI 1.010, 1.113) at lag0120. For long-term exposure, it indicated that 1-year exposure to CO (per 1 mg/m3) and PM2.5 (per 1 g[Formula: see text]/m3) was positively associated with internalizing behavioral risk [OR = 1.724 (95% CI 1.187, 2.504); PM2.5: OR = 1.236 (95% CI 1.114, 1.371)], whereas NO2 (per 1 g[Formula: see text]/m3) exposure was associated with an increased risk of externalizing behavior [OR = 1.123 (95% CI 1.003, 1.256)]. In addition, the interaction analysis showed that boys were at a higher risk of abnormal behaviors associated with long-term exposure to CO, PM2.5, and NO2. Our findings reveal a potential link between air pollution exposure and abnormal behaviors in kindergarten children after short-/long-term exposure, which is an essential supplement to the studies on the association between air pollution and children's behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Qi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Health Education, Emergency Management, Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 95 Nanshang Rd., Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Anna Peng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Hongkong Rd., Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Hongkong Rd., Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Paiziyeti Tuerxun
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenli Dong
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruixia Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shaoping Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Hongkong Rd., Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yang Y, Yang T, Zhou J, Cao Z, Liao Z, Zhao Y, Su X, He J, Hua J. Prenatal exposure to concentrated ambient PM 2.5 results in spatial memory defects regulated by DNA methylation in male mice offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35142-35152. [PMID: 36526934 PMCID: PMC10017658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures during pregnancy could lead to adverse birth outcomes, including neurobehavioral development defects. However, limited studies explored the effects and potential epigenetic mechanisms of maternal PM2.5 exposure on offspring spatial memory defects. This study aims to explore the effects and underlying epigenetic mechanisms of maternal concentrated ambient PM2.5 exposure in male mice offspring with spatial memory defects. Pregnant female C57BL/6 mice were exposed daily to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) or filtered air (FA) throughout gestation, with the concentration of particulates (102.99 ± 78.74 μg/m3) and (2.78 ± 1.19 μg/m3), respectively. Adult male mice offspring were subsequently assessed for spatial learning and memory ability using Morris Water Maze tests and locomotor activities in open field tests. The hippocampus of the male mice offspring was harvested to test mRNA expression and DNA methylation. Results from the probe test of Morris Water Maze showed that the mice offspring in the CAP group had shorter swimming distance travelled in the target quadrant, shorter duration in the target quadrant, and less number of entries into the target quadrant (p < 0.05), suggesting spatial memory impairments. The acquisition trials of Morris Water Maze did not show a significant difference in learning ability between the groups. The mRNA level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the CAP group hippocampus (10.80 ± 7.03) increased significantly compared to the FA group (1.08 ± 0.43). Interestingly, the methylation levels of the CpG sites in the IL-6 promoter region declined significantly in the CAP group, (5.66 ± 0.83)% vs. (4.79 ± 0.48)%. Prenatal exposure to concentrated ambient PM2.5 induced long-lasting spatial memory defects in male mice offspring. The underlying biological mechanism might be mediated by an inflammatory reaction which is regulated by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Typhoon Institute, CMA, Shanghai, China
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Su
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia He
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Women and Children's Health Care, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Zou ML, Huang HC, Chen YH, Jiang CB, Wu CD, Lung SCC, Chien LC, Lo YC, Chao HJ. Sex-differences in the effects of indoor air pollutants and household environment on preschool child cognitive development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160365. [PMID: 36427743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, outdoor residential environment, indoor household characteristics, and parental mental health are potential factors associated with child development. However, few studies have simultaneously analyzed the association between the aforementioned factors and preschool child (aged 2-5 years) development. This study investigated the effects of those factors on child development and their potential modifying effects. A total of 142 participants were recruited from a birth cohort study in the Greater Taipei Area, and the evaluation was conducted at each participant's home from 2017 to 2020. Child cognitive development was assessed by psychologists using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and the Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence. Household air pollutants, outdoor residential environment, indoor household characteristics, parental mental health, and other covariates were evaluated. Multiple regressions were used to examine the relationships between child development and covariates. Stratified analysis by child sex and parental mental health was conducted. Average indoor air pollutant levels were below Taiwan's Indoor Air Quality Standards. After adjustment for covariates, the indoor total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) level was significantly associated with poor child development (per interquartile range increase in the TVOC level was associated with a 5.1 percentile decrease in child cognitive development). Sex difference was observed for the association between TVOC exposure and child development. Living near schools, burning incense at home, purchasing new furniture, and parental anxiety were related to child development. Indoor TVOC level was associated with poor child cognitive development, specifically with the girls. Indoor and outdoor residential environment and parental anxiety interfered with child development. TVOCs should be used cautiously at home to minimize child exposure. A low-pollution living environment should be provided to ensure children's healthy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lun Zou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chun Huang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Thompson R, Smith RB, Karim YB, Shen C, Drummond K, Teng C, Toledano MB. Air pollution and human cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160234. [PMID: 36427724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review summarises and evaluates the literature investigating associations between exposure to air pollution and general population cognition, which has important implications for health, social and economic inequalities, and human productivity. METHODS The engines MEDLINE, Embase Classic+Embase, APA PsycInfo, and SCOPUS were searched up to May 2022. Our inclusion criteria focus on the following pollutants: particulate matter, NOx, and ozone. The cognitive abilities of interest are: general/global cognition, executive function, attention, working memory, learning, memory, intelligence and IQ, reasoning, reaction times, and processing speed. The collective evidence was assessed using the NTP-OHAT framework and random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Eighty-six studies were identified, the results of which were generally supportive of associations between exposures and worsened cognition, but the literature was varied and sometimes contradictory. There was moderate certainty support for detrimental associations between PM2.5 and general cognition in adults 40+, and PM2.5, NOx, and PM10 and executive function (especially working memory) in children. There was moderate certainty evidence against associations between ozone and general cognition in adults age 40+, and NOx and reasoning/IQ in children. Some associations were also supported by meta-analysis (N = 14 studies, all in adults aged 40+). A 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with reduced performance on general cognitive batteries (β = -0.02, p < 0.05) as was a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure (β = -0.02, p < 0.05). A 1μgm3 increase in PM2.5 was significantly associated with lower verbal fluency by -0.05 words (p = 0.01) and a decrease in executive function task performance of -0.02 points (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Evidence was found in support of some exposure-outcome associations, however more good quality research is required, particularly with older teenagers and young adults (14-40 years), using multi-exposure modelling, incorporating mechanistic investigation, and in South America, Africa, South Asia and Australasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Rachel B Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yasmin Bou Karim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Kayleigh Drummond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Chloe Teng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
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Grineski S, Alexander C, Renteria R, Collins TW, Bilder D, VanDerslice J, Bakian A. Trimester-specific ambient PM 2.5 exposures and risk of intellectual disability in Utah. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115009. [PMID: 36495968 PMCID: PMC9845186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is an understudied risk factor for neurodevelopmental outcomes, including intellectual disability (ID). Associations among prenatal exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes may vary depending on the timing of exposure. Limited numbers of studies examining PM2.5 and neurodevelopmental outcomes have considered exposures occurring during the preconception period. To address these gaps, we conducted a case-control study of children born in Utah between 2002 and 2008 (n = 1032). Cases were identified using methods developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network and matched with controls on birth year, sex, and birth county. We estimated the daily average PM2.5 concentration during a period spanning 12 weeks before the estimated conception date, as well as during each of the three trimesters at the maternal residential address listed on the child's birth certificate. In a multivariable model, the third (OR: 2.119, CI: 1.123-3.998, p = .021) and fourth (OR: 2.631, CI: 1.750-3.956, p < .001) quartiles for preconception average PM2.5 demonstrated significantly increased risk of ID relative to the first quartile. Second quartile preconception exposure was also associated with increased risk, though it did not reach significance (OR: 1.385, CI: 0.979-1.959, p = .07). The fourth quartile of first trimester average PM2.5 was positive and significant (OR: 2.278, CI: 1.522-3.411, p < .001); the third quartile was positive, but not significant (OR: 1.159, CI: 0.870-1.544, p = .312). Quartiles of second and third trimester were not associated with higher risk of ID. These findings from Utah, which were robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, provide initial evidence that preconception and prenatal PM2.5 exposure may be associated with ID. Future studies are needed across other geographic locations and populations.
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Morgan ZEM, Bailey MJ, Trifonova DI, Naik NC, Patterson WB, Lurmann FW, Chang HH, Peterson BS, Goran MI, Alderete TL. Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age. Environ Health 2023; 22:11. [PMID: 36694159 PMCID: PMC9872424 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher prenatal ambient air pollution exposure has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment in preschoolers and school-aged children. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between prenatal ambient air pollution exposure and neurodevelopment during infancy. METHODS This study examined 161 Latino mother-infant pairs from the Southern California Mother's Milk Study. Exposure assessments included prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). The pregnancy period was also examined as three windows, early, mid, and late, which describe the first, middle, and last three months of pregnancy. Infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age were measured using the Bayley-III Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Multivariable linear models and distributed lag linear models (DLM) were used to examine relationships between prenatal exposures and neurodevelopmental scores, adjusting for socioeconomic status, breastfeeding frequency, time of delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and infant birthweight and sex. RESULTS Higher prenatal exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was negatively associated with composite cognitive score (β = -2.01 [-3.89, -0.13] and β = -1.97 [-3.83, -0.10], respectively). In addition, higher average prenatal exposure to PM10 was negatively associated with composite motor (β = -2.35 [-3.95, -0.74]), scaled motor (β = -0.77 [-1.30, -0.24]), gross motor (β = -0.37 [-0.70, -0.04]), fine motor (β = -0.40 [-0.71, -0.09]), composite language (β = -1.87 [-3.52, -0.22]), scaled language (β = -0.61 [-1.18, -0.05]) and expressive communication scaled scores (β = -0.36 [-0.66, -0.05]). DLMs showed that higher prenatal air pollution exposure during mid and late pregnancy was inversely associated with motor, cognitive, and communication language scores. CONCLUSIONS Higher exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, particularly in the mid and late prenatal periods, was inversely associated with scaled and composite motor, cognitive, and language scores at 2 years. These results indicate that prenatal ambient air pollution may negatively impact neurodevelopment in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah E M Morgan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Maximilian J Bailey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Diana I Trifonova
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Noopur C Naik
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William B Patterson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Howard H Chang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Humphreys J, Valdés Hernández MDC. Impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on cognitive function and neurodegeneration in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1052333. [PMID: 36703634 PMCID: PMC9871581 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1052333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This article documents an emerging body of evidence concerning the neurological effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure with regard to cognitive function and increased risk of neurodegeneration. Methods Two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science, were systematically searched. Results The 37/428 studies selected included outcomes measuring cognitive function, neurobehavioral symptoms of impaired cognition, and pathologies associated with neurodegeneration from pre-natal (21/37 studies), childhood (14/37 studies), and adult (8/37 studies) PAH exposure. Sufficient evidence was found surrounding pre-natal exposure negatively impacting child intelligence, mental development, average overall development, verbal IQ, and memory; externalizing, internalizing, anxious, and depressed behaviors; and behavioral development and child attentiveness. Evidence concerning exposure during childhood and as an adult was scarce and highly heterogeneous; however, the presence of neurodegenerative biomarkers and increased concentrations of cryptic "self" antigens in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples suggest a higher risk of neurodegenerative disease. Associations with lowered cognitive ability and impaired attentiveness were found in children and memory disturbances, specifically auditory memory, verbal learning, and general memory in adults. Discussion Although evidence is not yet conclusive and further research is needed, the studies included supported the hypothesis that PAH exposure negatively impacts cognitive function and increases the risk of neurodegeneration in humans, and recommends considering the introduction of a variable "rural vs. urban" as covariate for adjusting analyses, where the neurological functions affected (as result of our review) are outcome variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Humphreys
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria del C. Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Maria del C. Valdés Hernández ✉
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Greenwood PB, Cohen JW, Liu R, Hoepner L, Rauh V, Herbstman J, Pagliaccio D, Margolis AE. Effects of prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood material hardship on reading achievement in school-age children: A preliminary study. Front Psychol 2023; 13:933177. [PMID: 36687992 PMCID: PMC9845780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.933177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds are at elevated risk for reading problems. They are also likely to live in neighborhoods with high levels of air pollution and to experience material hardship. Despite these risk factors, the links between prenatal chemical exposures, socioeconomic adversities, and reading problems in youth from disadvantaged backgrounds remain understudied. Here we examine associations between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), a common air pollutant, and reading skills, and determine if this relationship is exacerbated by material hardship among Black and/or Latinx children who have been followed as part of a longitudinal urban birth cohort. Methods Mothers and their children, who were participants in a prospective birth cohort followed by the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, were recruited for the current study. Personal prenatal PAH exposure was measured during the third-trimester of pregnancy using a personal air monitoring backpack. Mothers reported their level of material hardship when their child was age 5 and children completed measures of pseudoword and word reading [Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ-III) Basic Reading Index] at age 7. We used multiple linear regression to examine the effects of the interaction between prenatal PAH and material hardship on Basic Reading Index, controlling for ethnicity/race, sex, birthweight, presence of a smoker in the home (prenatal), and maternal education (prenatal) (N = 53). Results A prenatal PAH × material hardship interaction significantly associated with WJ-III Basic Reading Index scores at age 7 (β = -0.347, t(44) = -2.197, p = 0.033). Exploratory analyses suggested that this effect was driven by untimed pseudoword decoding (WJ-III Word Attack: β = -0.391, t(44) = -2.550, p = 0.014). Conclusion Environmental chemical exposures can be particularly toxic during the prenatal period when the fetal brain undergoes rapid development, making it uniquely vulnerable to chemical perturbations. These data highlight the interactive effects of environmental neurotoxicants and unmet basic needs on children's acquisition of reading skill, specifically phonemic processing. Such findings identify potentially modifiable environmental risk factors implicated in reading problems in children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B. Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob W. Cohen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lori Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
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López-Gil JF, Chen S, Smith L, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Victoria-Montesinos D, Iglesias JN, Tárraga-López PJ, Mesas AE. What is the role of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on excess weight? A cross-sectional study in young Spanish people aged 2─14 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114561. [PMID: 36243054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels and the prevalence of excess weight in a representative sample of Spanish young people aged 2─14 years. METHODS This was an ecological cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 wave of the Encuesta Nacional de Salud Española (ENSE), a nationally representative survey of the Spanish young and adult population. The final sample included 4378 young Spanish people (51.0% boys). The weight (kg) and height (cm) of the study participants were proxy-reported by parents or guardians. Excess weight was determined according to the age- and sex-criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. The PM2.5 level was calculated as the annual monitoring data indicator for 2017 among the different regions in Spain. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the relationships between PM2.5 and weight. RESULTS Compared to young people located in regions with low levels of PM2.5, those reporting greater odds for excess weight were found in regions with medium PM2.5 (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.49) and high PM2.5 (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.64) after adjusting for several sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental covariates. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of excess weight in young people was positively associated with PM2.5 levels in Spain. This finding supports the hypothesis that air pollution exposure can result in excess weight in the young population, which, in turn, might lead to the development of metabolic disorders. From a socioecological perspective, a practical need to take environmental factors into consideration is important to address unhealthy weight in Spanish young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Javier Nieto Iglesias
- Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Taylor BK, Smith OV, Miller GE. Chronic Home Radon Exposure Is Associated with Higher Inflammatory Biomarker Concentrations in Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:246. [PMID: 36612568 PMCID: PMC9819293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Children are particularly vulnerable to the deleterious impacts of toxic environmental exposures, though the effects of some rather ubiquitous toxins have yet to be characterized in youths. One such toxin, radon gas, is known to accumulate to hazardous levels in homes, and has been linked with the incidence of lung cancer in aging adults. However, the degree to which chronic home radon exposure may impact risk for health problems earlier in life is unknown. Herein, we explored the degree to which chronic home radon exposure relates to biomarkers of low-grade inflammation in 68 youths ages 6- to 14 years old residing in an area of the United States prone to high home radon concentrations. Parents completed a home radon test kit, and youths provided a saliva sample to assess concentrations of five biomarkers. Using a multiple regression approach, we found that greater radon exposure was specifically associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein (β = 0.31, p = 0.007) and interleukin-1β (β = 0.33, p = 0.016). The data suggested specificity in associations between chronic home radon exposure and different biomarkers of inflammatory activity and highlight a pathway which may confer risk for future mental and physical health maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany K. Taylor
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - OgheneTejiri V. Smith
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68010, USA
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Institute for Policy Research and Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Lei X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Pan C, Zhang S, Chen Q, Yuan T, Zhang J, Gao Y, Tian Y. Effects of prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and its composition on cognitive and motor functions in children at 12 months of age: The Shanghai Birth Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107597. [PMID: 36327589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to infant cognitive and motor functions, but the effects of PM2.5 chemical composition remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the associations of prenatal PM2.5 and its composition exposure with infant cognitive and motor functions. METHODS We studied 2,435 mother-infant pairs in the Shanghai Birth Cohort Study. PM2.5 and its seven compositions [primary particles (black carbon, mineral dust and sea salts) and secondary particles (NH4+, NO3-, SO42- and organic matter)] during thethreetrimesters ofpregnancy were retrieved from the V4.CH.03 product developed by using a combined geoscience-statistical method. At the 12-month-old follow-up, infant cognitive and motor functions in five domains were assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). We used multivariable linear regressions to estimate the effects of PM2.5 and its composition on the ASQ scores, for all infants and stratifying by sex and breastfeeding duration. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure was negatively associated with gross motor, problem-solving and personal-social scores for all infants. PM2.5 compositions were inversely associated with ASQ scores in all five domains, and the effects of different compositions varied across domains. Specifically, all compositions except organic matter were correlated with lower problem-solving scores [e.g., ( [Formula: see text] = - 10.79, 95 % CI: -17.40, -4.18) ∼ ( [Formula: see text] = - 4.68, 95 % CI: -7.84, -1.53); for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 compositions during the third trimester]. Primary and some secondary particles (organic matter, NO3-) were related to lower gross motor scores. Secondary particles were also inversely associated with communication (organic matter and NO3-), fine motor (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-) and personal-social (NH4+) scores. Additionally, boys and infants breastfed for < 6 months appeared to be more susceptible. CONCLUSIONS We found negative associations of PM2.5 and its compositions with infant cognitive and motor functions over a range of domains, especially the problem-solving domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Lei
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zixia Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhenping Lu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chengyu Pan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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48
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Binter AC, Kusters MSW, van den Dries MA, Alonso L, Lubczyńska MJ, Hoek G, White T, Iñiguez C, Tiemeier H, Guxens M. Air pollution, white matter microstructure, and brain volumes: Periods of susceptibility from pregnancy to preadolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120109. [PMID: 36155148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure during early-life is associated with altered brain development, but the precise periods of susceptibility are unknown. We aimed to investigate whether there are periods of susceptibility of air pollution between conception and preadolescence in relation to white matter microstructure and brain volumes at 9-12 years old. We used data of 3515 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, the Netherlands (2002-2006). We estimated daily levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM2.5absorbance) at participants' homes during pregnancy and childhood using land-use regression models. Diffusion tensor and structural brain images were obtained when children were 9-12 years of age, and we calculated fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, and several brain structure volumes. We performed distributed lag non-linear modeling adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. We observed specific periods of susceptibility to all air pollutants from conception to age 5 years in association with lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity that survived correction for multiple testing (e.g., -0.85 fractional anisotropy (95%CI -1.43; -0.27) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 between conception and 4 years of age). We also observed certain periods of susceptibility to some air pollutants in relation to global brain and some subcortical brain volumes, but only the association between PM2.5 and putamen survived correction for multiple testing (172 mm3 (95%CI 57; 286) per 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 between 4 months and 1.8 year of age). This study suggested that conception, pregnancy, infancy, toddlerhood, and early childhood seem to be susceptible periods to air pollution exposure for the development of white matter microstructure and the putamen volume. Longitudinal studies with repeated brain outcome measurements are needed for understanding the trajectories and the long-term effects of exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Binter
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Michelle S W Kusters
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van den Dries
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Alonso
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Małgorzata J Lubczyńska
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Universitat de València, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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49
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Schoen ME, Wolfe MK, Li L, Duong D, White BJ, Hughes B, Boehm AB. SARS-CoV-2 RNA Wastewater Settled Solids Surveillance Frequency and Impact on Predicted COVID-19 Incidence Using a Distributed Lag Model. ACS ES&T WATER 2022; 2:2167-2174. [PMID: 36380770 PMCID: PMC9092194 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA concentrations in wastewater settled solids correlate well with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence rates (IRs). Here, we develop distributed lag models to estimate IRs using concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater solids and investigate the impact of sampling frequency on model performance. SARS-CoV-2 N gene and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) RNA concentrations were measured daily at four wastewater treatment plants in California. Artificially reduced data sets were produced for each plant with sampling frequencies of once every 2, 3, 4, and 7 days. Sewershed-specific models that related daily N/PMMoV to IR were fit for each sampling frequency with data from mid-November 2020 through mid-July 2021, which included the period of time during which Delta emerged. Models were used to predict IRs during a subsequent out-of-sample time period. When sampling occurred at least once every 4 days, the in- and out-of-sample root-mean-square error changed by <7 cases/100 000 compared to daily sampling across sewersheds. This work illustrates that real-time, daily predictions of IR are possible with small errors, despite changes in circulating variants, when sampling frequency is once every 4 days or more. However, reduced sampling frequency may not serve other important wastewater surveillance use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Schoen
- Soller
Environmental, LLC, 3022
King Street, Berkeley, California 94703, United States
| | - Marlene K. Wolfe
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Linlin Li
- County
of Santa Clara Public Health Department, 976 Lenzen Avenue, Suite 2, San Jose, California 95126, United States
| | - Dorothea Duong
- Verily
Life Sciences, 269 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bradley J. White
- Verily
Life Sciences, 269 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bridgette Hughes
- Verily
Life Sciences, 269 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexandria B. Boehm
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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50
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Zhang X, Liu SH, Geron M, Mathilda Chiu YH, Gershon R, Ho E, Huddleston K, Just AC, Kloog I, Coull BA, Enlow MB, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 and childhood cognition: Accounting for between-site heterogeneity in a pooled analysis of ECHO cohorts in the Northeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114163. [PMID: 36030921 PMCID: PMC9675417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies have investigated the adverse health effects of PM2.5 using data from multiple cohorts, and results often are not generalizable across cohorts. We aimed to assess associations between prenatal PM2.5 and childhood cognition in two U.S. cohorts while accounting for between-site heterogeneity. METHODS Analyses included 348 mother-child dyads enrolled in the dual site (New York City and Boston) PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) cohort and in the First Thousand Days of Life (FTDL) study (Northern Virginia) participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) national consortium. Residential prenatal PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a validated satellite-based model and childhood cognition was measured using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery at three to eight years of age. We used a log-linear model applied to contingency tables formed by cross-classifying covariates by site to examine between-site heterogeneity using 3rd trimester PM2.5 exposure, age-corrected cognition scores, and covariates potentially causing heterogeneities. Multivariable linear regression models informed by the combinability analysis were used to estimate the coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between 3rd trimester PM2.5 exposure and age-corrected cognition scores (mean = 100, SD = 15). RESULTS The log-linear model indicated that inter-study associations were similar between PRISM-NYC and FTDL, which were different from those in PRISM-Boston. Accordingly, we combined the data of PRISM-NYC and FTDL cohorts. We observed associations between 3rd trimester PM2.5 and cognition scores, findings were varying by site, childsex, and test. For example, a 1 μg/m3 increase of 3rd trimester PM2.5 was associated with -4.35 (95% CI = -8.73, -0.25) mean early childhood cognition scores in females in PRISM-Boston. In the pooled NYC + FTDL site, the association between PM2.5 and childhood cognition may be modified by maternal education and urbanicity. CONCLUSIONS We found associations between prenatal PM2.5 and impaired childhood cognition. Since multi-site analyses are increasingly conducted, our findings suggest the needed awareness of between-site heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shelley H Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariel Geron
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathi Huddleston
- College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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