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Bierza K, Bierza W. The effect of industrial and urban dust pollution on the ecophysiology and leaf element concentration of Tilia cordata Mill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34999-9. [PMID: 39316210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The influences of airborne trace elements in urban dust on element concentrations and functional traits of Tilia cordata were examined. For the present study, the unwashed and washed leaves of T. cordata were collected to assess the concentration of metals in Katowice City, Poland, from sites of different traffic intensity and industry activity. The content of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, C, and N was measured. Additionally, a number of functional traits such as photosynthetic pigment content, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and diseased areas of the leaves were determined to assess the impact of the polluters on the physiology of the trees and their resources acquisition strategy. We hypothesized that the photosynthetic pigments of T. cordata will decrease with the traffic and industry intensity, and the traits related to the resources acquisition and stress resistance will shift into a more conservative strategy. The Principal Component Analysis and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method helped to identify that the Fe, Zn, Al, and Cr were related mainly to traffic intensification and Pb to industrial activities. The results indicate that Katowice is considerably polluted by Zn (up to 189.6 and 260.2 mg kg-1 in washed and unwashed leaves, respectively), Pb (up to 51.7 and 133.6 mg kg-1), and Cd (up to 2.27 and 2.43 mg kg-1) compared to other cities worldwide. Also, a reduction of approximately 27% in the photosynthetic pigments was observed at the high-traffic and industrial sites. The trees from the mainly affected areas with heavy traffic and industry tend to apply a conservative resources strategy with a decrement in SLA and an increment in LDMC. In contrast, the opposite trend was observed at the less affected sites (high SLA, low LDMC). The study showed that unfavourable urban conditions can trigger a plastic response on multiple levels. Knowledge of the possible paths of adaptation to urban conditions of different plant species is nowadays crucial to appropriate urban greenery planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bierza
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bierza
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Wei Y, Jiao M, Zhao Z, Tang L, Wang Y, Deng J, Peng G, Li R, Wang Y. Secreted salt and hydrodynamic factors combine to affect dynamic fluctuations of microplastics on mangrove leaves. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133698. [PMID: 38335603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove leaves have been acknowledged as crucial sink for coastal microplastics (MPs). Whereas, the temporal dynamics of MPs intercepted by mangrove leaves have remained poorly understood. Here, we detected MPs intercepted by submerged and non-submerged mangrove leaves over time and the potential driving factors. Abundance and characteristics of MPs interception by mangrove leaves exhibited dynamic fluctuations, with the coefficient of variation (CV) of submerged mangrove leaves (CV = 0.604; 1.76 n/g to 15.45 n/g) being approximately twofold higher than non-submerged mangrove leaves (CV = 0.377; 0.74 n/g to 3.28 n/g). Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis further illustrated that MPs abundance on submerged mangrove leaves were negative correlated to hydrodynamic factors (i.e., current velocity and tidal range). Intriguingly, secreted salt as a significantly driver of MPs intercepted by mangrove leaves. Results of this work highlights that MPs intercepted by mangrove leaves is characterized by dynamic fluctuations and reveals the importance of hydrodynamic factors and secreted salt. Overall, this work identifies the pivotal buffering role played by mangrove leaves in intercepting MPs, which provides basic knowledge for better understanding of microplastic pollution status and control from mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liangdong Tang
- Institute of Green and Low Carbon Technology, Guangxi Institute of Industrial Technology, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Deng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gen Peng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Institute of Green and Low Carbon Technology, Guangxi Institute of Industrial Technology, Nanning 530004, China.
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Majee CK, Ali SY, Padhy PK. Effects of atmospheric dust particles on common medicinal plants in an industrial area of West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:978. [PMID: 37477710 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of atmospheric dust particles on four common medicinal plants (Ocimum sanctum, Andrographis paniculata, Catharanthus roseous, and Kaempferia galanga, which are available in the study area and cultivated by the local people for medicinal purposes) affects their growth, levels of essential biochemical constituents and heavy metal concentration. The plant species were grown by pot cultivation in an industrial area with high levels of coal dust to assess the capacity of heavy metals accumulation in their leaves and changes in allometry and biochemical parameters. The results showed that annual average SPM and dustfall varied between 195.88 to 645.97 μg/m3 and 17.55 to 41.16 g/m2/month, respectively. Dustfall at different polluted sites was 2.4, 2.1, 1.5, 1.4, and 2.3 times higher than at the control site. The most prevalent heavy metal in atmospheric particulate matter was Zn, followed by Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cd. Plant allometry measurements such as height, stem width, root length, petiole length, and leaf area are shown to have a strong and significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with dustfall and SPM. Total chlorophyll and RWC were inversely proportional to the dust load present in all the species. Except for Andrographis paniculata, chlorophyll and leaf-extracted pH of plant species were moderately correlated with APTI, whereas no correlation was noticed for ascorbic acid. A positive correlation between SPM and heavy metals in leaves was observed. The results implied that the cultivation and collection of medicinal plants from the study area could be potentially toxic to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Majee
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - S Y Ali
- Central Pollution Control Board, Eastern Regional Directorate, Kolkata, India
| | - P K Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Swoczyna T, Kalaji HM, Bussotti F, Mojski J, Pollastrini M. Environmental stress - what can we learn from chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis in woody plants? A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1048582. [PMID: 36589121 PMCID: PMC9795016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChF) signal analysis has become a widely used and rapid, non-invasive technique to study the photosynthetic process under stress conditions. It monitors plant responses to various environmental factors affecting plants under experimental and field conditions. Thus, it enables extensive research in ecology and benefits forestry, agriculture, horticulture, and arboriculture. Woody plants, especially trees, as organisms with a considerable life span, have a different life strategy than herbaceous plants and show more complex responses to stress. The range of changes in photosynthetic efficiency of trees depends on their age, ontogeny, species-specific characteristics, and acclimation ability. This review compiles the results of the most commonly used ChF techniques at the foliar scale. We describe the results of experimental studies to identify stress factors that affect photosynthetic efficiency and analyse the experience of assessing tree vigour in natural and human-modified environments. We discuss both the circumstances under which ChF can be successfully used to assess woody plant health and the ChF parameters that can be useful in field research. Finally, we summarise the advantages and limitations of the ChF method in research on trees, shrubs, and woody vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Swoczyna
- Department of Environment Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacek Mojski
- Twój Swiat Jacek Mojski, Łukow, Poland
- Fundacja Zielona Infrastruktura, Łukow, Poland
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ranjan AK, Parida BR, Dash J, Gorai AK. Quantifying the impacts of opencast mining on vegetation dynamics over eastern India using the long-term Landsat-series satellite dataset. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chaurasia M, Patel K, Tripathi I, Rao KS. Impact of dust accumulation on the physiological functioning of selected herbaceous plants of Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80739-80754. [PMID: 35729390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are now widely recognized for their potential role in improving the air quality by dispersion and deposition of atmospheric dust particles. However, suspended dust particles negatively affect plant growth and physiological development. The present study aims to assess the amount of dust accumulation on the leaf surface and to evaluate the effect of foliar dust on leaf gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment, and metabolite content of five roadside herbaceous plant species (Amaranthus viridis, Achyranthes aspera, Acalypha indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Trianthema portulacastrum). Two sites (site I and site II) were selected that differed in their surrounding anthropogenic activities and dust pollution levels. Results showed that the average amount of dust accumulated on the leaf surface was significantly greater in plants grown at the polluted site. Among the five species examined, the highest amount of foliar dust load was observed for A. aspera (0.49 mg cm-2). Dust accumulation caused substantial changes in plant physiology as indicated by the significant decline in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate in plants grown at the polluted site. Moreover, an increase in antioxidant activity, total ascorbate, and metabolite content, responsible for maintaining plant defense, was higher in plants at polluted site. Biochemical response of the individual plants studied was variable, which suggests that different plants adopted different mechanisms to cope with the stress induced by dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kajal Patel
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
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Heikal YM, El-Esawi MA, Naidu R, Elshamy MM. Eco-biochemical responses, phytoremediation potential and molecular genetic analysis of Alhagi maurorum grown in metal-contaminated soils. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:383. [PMID: 35909101 PMCID: PMC9341119 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alhagi maurorum Medik. (camelthorn) is a dominant desert plant indigenous in various habitats, including the Western Desert of Egypt. The plant is especially prevalent in and around economic iron ore deposits. Nutrient and heavy metal levels in A. maurorum tissues and soil samples were assessed to identify associations between heavy metal levels in plants and soil. The objective was to evaluate this species as an indicator of heavy metal pollution. Photosynthetic pigments, protein, proline, alkaloids, flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylscavenging, reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes, and stress-related gene expression were assessed to determine their functional roles in metal stress adaptation in ultra- and molecular structure. Additionally, the molecular genetic variation in A. maurorum samples was assessed using co-dominant sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). RESULTS A substantial difference in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of A. maurorum was observed in samples collected from three sites. A. maurorum is suited to the climate in mineralized regions. Morphologically, the stem shows spines, narrow leaves, and a reduced shoot system. Anatomically, modifications included a cuticle coating on leaves and stems, sunken stomata, a compact epidermis, and a thick cortex. Significant anatomical-physiological differences were observed with varying heavy metal soil content, antioxidative enzyme activities increased as a tolerance strategy, and glutathione levels decreased in response to heavy metal toxicity. Heavy metal accumulation also affected the expression of stress-related genes. The highest levels of expression of GST, G6PDH, 6PGD, nitrate reductase 1, and sulfate transporter genes were found in plants collected from site A1. However, auxin-induced protein exhibited its highest expression in plants collected from A2. Six SRAP combinations yielded 25 scoreable markers with a polymorphism rate of 64%, and 5 ISSR markers produced 11 bands with a polymorphism rate of 36.36% for three A. maurorum genotypes. The ME1xEM7 primer combinations provided the most polymorphic information content and resolving power, making it the most useful primer for differentiating A. maurorum genotypes. SRAP markers exhibited a higher diversity index (0.24) than ISSR markers (0.16). CONCLUSIONS A. maurorum displayed adaptive characteristics for heavy metal sequestration from mining site soils and is proposed as a strong candidate for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M Heikal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Maha M Elshamy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Malav LC, Kumar S, Islam S, Chaudhary P, Khan SA. Assessing the environmental impact of air pollution on crops by monitoring air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50427-50442. [PMID: 35230634 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants adversely affect the physiological, biochemical parameters, and productivity of the crops, but scarce and meager reports are available to know the certain impact of air pollution on crops. The aim of the present study was to assess environmental impact of air pollutants on biochemical parameters of the crops by monitoring two important indicators, i.e., Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API). These two indicators provide the sensitivity and the tolerance level of the crops towards the air pollutants. Seven different crops were selected in four different locations in the vicinity of a thermal power plant. The results depicted the maximum aerial particulate matter deposition on crop canopy (ADCC) in barley (Hordeum vulgare 2.15 mg/cm2) and wheat (Triticum aestivum 2.21 mg/cm2). The maximum APTI value was found in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum, 9.45 and 11.44) during the first and second year of study, respectively. Results indicated that all crops were sensitive to air pollution in the selected area, but berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) was less sensitive in comparison to other crops. API value showed that wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa) were best-suited crops in the selected study area as compared to other crops. It has been found in the study that the API and APTI are two important indicators for the selection of crops in the severe air polluting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lal Chand Malav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, RC, Udaipur, 313001, India
- Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sadikul Islam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shakeel A Khan
- Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Particulate Matter (PM) Adsorption and Leaf Characteristics of Ornamental Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivars and Two Common Indoor Plants (Hedera helix L. and Epipremnum aureum Lindl. & Andre). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a serious threat to human health, climate, and ecosystems. Furthermore, owing to the combined influence of indoor and outdoor particles, indoor PM can pose a greater threat than urban PM. Plants can help to reduce PM pollution by acting as biofilters. Plants with different leaf characteristics have varying capacities to capture PM. However, the PM mitigation effects of plants and their primary factors are unclear. In this study, we investigated the PM adsorption and leaf characteristics of five ornamental sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) cultivars and two common indoor plants (Hedera helix L. and Epipremnum aureum Lindl. & Andre) exposed to approximately 300 μg m−3 of fly ash particles to assess the factors influencing PM adsorption on leaves and to understand the effects of PM pollution on the leaf characteristics of plants. We analyzed the correlation between PM adsorption and photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf area (LA), leaf width/length ratio (W/L), stomatal density (SD), and stomatal pore size (SP). A Pearson’s correlation analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate the effects of different leaf characteristics on PM adsorption. The analysis indicated that leaf gas exchange factors, such as Pn and Tr, and morphological factors, such as W/L and LA, were the primary parameters influencing PM adsorption in all cultivars and species tested. Pn, Tr, and W/L showed a positive correlation with PM accumulation, whereas LA was negatively correlated.
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Fatima S, Sehgal A, Mishra SK, Mina U, Goel V, Vijayan N, Tawale JS, Kothari R, Ahlawat A, Sharma C. Particle composition and morphology over urban environment (New Delhi): Plausible effects on wheat leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111552. [PMID: 34153336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposition on leaves adversely affects physical, chemical and biological nature of agricultural crops resulting in their loss of productivity and yield. Wheat being a staple food in major parts of Northern India and around the World, has been selected for research purpose by designing a study to explore the probable effects of PM deposition on wheat leaves and wheat crops to ensure the food security. PM5 (Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <5 μm) and Dry Deposited Particulate Matter (DDPM) on wheat leaves (Leaf_DDPM) were collected from the wheat crop field in Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi for growing and harvesting season of wheat crops (i.e. December 2014 to April 2015). The EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis was used for this study and the individual particle analysis revealed the presence of both acidic and alkaline components like C, Al, Si, Fe, Ca, K, S and Mg. The offline characterization tool i.e. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) was utilized for obtaining the micrographs which clearly showed the presence of some angular, sharp-edged and spherical particles consisting of both smooth and rough texture. Apart from that, prevalence of slightly non-spherical particles with aspect ratio of range (>1.20-1.40) and CIR (>0.70-0.80) for both PM5 and leaf_DDPM were observed. The size distribution of individual particles for both PM5(#194 particles) and Leaf_DDPM(#657 particles) revealed that Surface Equivalent Radius (SER) and Volume Equivalent Radius (VER) of particles observed to be 0.40-0.80 μm while surface area to be 0-1 μm2. These particles may easily block stomatal openings (with typical diameter range: 42-51 μm) of wheat leaves and damage internal leaf tissues while particle VER determines the interaction of incoming solar radiation with leaf surfaces. Average PM5 concentrations ± Standard deviations (μg/m3) were reported to be 231.05 ± 113.03. The XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) spectrometer analysis of bulk PM5 revealed the concentrations of non-carbonaceous elements (μg/m3) as N (67.34 ± 16.09), Si (27.44 ± 11.01), Al (7.79 ± 3.37), S (3.88 ± 2.24), Na (2.29 ± 0.94), Mg (1.65 ± 0.62), K (0.51 ± 0.26), Ca (0.60 ± 0.26), Fe (0.54 ± 0.26), Cr (1.10 ± 0.70), Zn (0.05 ± 0.03), P (0.10 ± 0.03), Cu (0.07 ± 0.06). The dominant elemental oxides were calculated as SiO2, Al2O3, SO42-, Na2O, MgO, K2O, CaO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, ZnO, P2O5, Cu2O with variable concentrations. In high humid conditions, with relative humidity (~85%) during the vegetative and flowering growth stages of wheat crops, presence of C and S rich acidic and hygroscopic particles may cause the corrosion of wheat leaves that ultimately affect the wheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fatima
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India; AcSIR, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - A Sehgal
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India; Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - S K Mishra
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India; AcSIR, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India.
| | - U Mina
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India; School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - V Goel
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India; AcSIR, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India; School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - N Vijayan
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India; AcSIR, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
| | - J S Tawale
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R Kothari
- Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India; Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University Jammu, Samba (J&K), 181143, India
| | - A Ahlawat
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04328, Germany
| | - C Sharma
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India; AcSIR, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201002, India
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Tretyakova MO, Vardavas AI, Vardavas CI, Iatrou EI, Stivaktakis PD, Burykina TI, Mezhuev YO, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast KS. Effects of coal microparticles on marine organisms: A review. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1207-1219. [PMID: 34189057 PMCID: PMC8220176 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal dust is a source of pollution not only for atmospheric air but also for the marine environment. In places of storage and handling of coal near water bodies, visible pollution of the water area can be observed. Coal, despite its natural origin, can be referred to as anthropogenic sources of pollution. If coal microparticles enter the marine environment, it may cause both physical and toxic effects on organisms. The purpose of this review is to assess the stage of knowledge of the impact of coal particles on marine organisms, to identify the main factors affecting them, and to define advanced research directions. The results presented in the review have shown that coal dust in seawater is generally not an inert substance for marine organisms, and there is a need for further study of the impact of coal dust particles on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Tretyakova
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - A I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - C I Vardavas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E I Iatrou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - P D Stivaktakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - T I Burykina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Y O Mezhuev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - K S Golokhvast
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russian Federation
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Ahmad I, Shamsi L, Hameed M, Fatima S, Ahmad F, Ahmad MSA, Ashraf M, Javaid A, Sultan MA. Micro-morphological response of some native dicotyledonous species to particulate pollutants emitted from stone crushing activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25529-25541. [PMID: 33459989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stone crushing processes release particulates and associated noxious substances in our surroundings that are continuously destructing environmental conditions and ecosystem health. Morpho-anatomical changes in some medicinally important native species (Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Digera muricata, Euphorbia prostrata, Euploca strigosa, and Peganum harmala) exposed to heavy dust pollution were evaluated. These species selected on the basis of their ubiquitous distribution in the area. Two sites were selected in the Kirana Hills, Sargodha, one near stone crushers within 500-m radius (polluted) and the other 4 km away from the crushers (control) varying significantly in amount of dust particles received. A decrease in plant height of all species from dust-polluted sites was observed. Reduction in height was more prominent in species like C. procera and D. muricata. Stem sclerification increased in C. procera and E. prostrata from the polluted site that is an indication of better tolerance to dust pollution. C. procera showed increased stem and leaf epidermis, stem sclerenchyma, and stem vascular bundles, which can increase resistance to dust pollution. E. strigosa was the most sensitive species in which all morpho-anatomical factors decreased. Survival of plant species depended on specific structural modifications in dermal, mechanical, parenchymatous, and vascular tissue. Overall, dust pollution severely affected plant morphological and micro-morphological traits, but the response of selected species to dust pollution was variable. It is concluded that stem and leaf anatomical traits like size of dermal and storage tissue thickness and stomatal density are good indicators for biomonitoring of dust pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Lubaba Shamsi
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Botany, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anum Javaid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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13
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Li L, Mu G. Similar effects as shade tolerance induced by dust accumulation and size penetration of particulates on cotton leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 33757432 PMCID: PMC7986255 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dust accumulation covers the leaf's surface and influences foliar physiological activity. Two independent experiments were carried out to instigate the foliar responses to dust accumulation and the penetration limitation of small dust particles (< 1 μm) on the foliar surface, respectively. In experiment I, three dust accumulation intensities were achieved by a dust spraying treatment. Photosynthesis CO2 exchange and fast chlorophyll fluorescence transient were measured, as well as chlorophyll contents and leaf thickness. In experiment II, the penetration limits of small particulates on the leaf surface were examined by feeding nano-fluorescent microspheres. RESULTS Dust accumulation alleviated the photoinhibition of Photosystem II and decreased photosynthesis, as represented by net photosynthetic rates (PN) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs). Photosynthetic response curves between net photosynthetic rate (PN) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) showed that heavy dust accumulation (34.98 ± 2.6 mg cm- 2) increased the light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) and decreased photosynthesis rates under saturating light (PNmax). Leaves became thin due to the lack of a palisade layer while chlorophyll content increased under dust accumulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images showed that the larger particles (1 μm) distributed in the regions below the stomata and the smaller ones (0.1 μm) were detected in the wider areas below stomata. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that dust accumulation induced similar effects as shade tolerance in cotton leaves but did not trigger more photochemical acclimation to low light. Dust particles (< 1 μm) penetrated leaf surface through stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
- Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300 China
| | - Guijin Mu
- Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011 China
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14
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Javanmard Z, Kouchaksaraei MT, Hosseini SM, Pandey AK. Assessment of anticipated performance index of some deciduous plant species under dust air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38987-38994. [PMID: 32638309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green vegetation improvement is an economical strategy to mitigate dust air pollution. The anticipated performance index (API) is considered a main criterion to select the suitable plants of urban forests. API is calculated by taking air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and socio-economic and biological aspects into account. In the present work, API of four current deciduous tree species in urban areas of Iran was evaluated. The seedlings were soil-dusted by a dust simulator in plastic chambers at levels of 0, 300, 750, and 1500 μg/m3 at intervals of 1 week for 70 days. At 750 and 1500 μg/m3 dust concentrations (DCs), greatest dust collection capacity was observed with Morus alba and the lowest one with Melia azedarach. Increasing DC declined APTI of all species. At 750 μg/m3 DC, only Morus was tolerant, but at 1500 μg/m3 DC, this species and Melia were categorized as intermediate, and Celtis caucasica and Fraxinus rotundifolia as sensitive. Morus was assessed as a good performer under two higher DC. Celtis was recognized as a moderate under 750 μg/m3 DC and poor performer under 1500 μg/m3 DC. Thus, Celtis can be considered as a biomonitor for air quality or as sink for dust in high dusty areas because of its high capacity of dust deposition. At two higher DCs, Fraxinus and Melia showed very poor and poor performance; planting these species in high dust areas is not recommended. In contrast, Morus is the most suitable tree species for urban green spaces in dusty regions, due to its high dust collection capacity and high APTI and API values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Javanmard
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Earth Science, School of Earth Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, P.O. Banasthali, Rajasthan, Bharat 304022, India
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15
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Study on Spectral Response and Estimation of Grassland Plants Dust Retention Based on Hyperspectral Data. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of plant dust retention can provide a basis for dust pollution control and environmental protection. The aims of this study were to analyze the spectral response features of grassland plants to mining dust and to predict the spatial distribution of dust retention using hyperspectral data. The dust retention content was determined by an electronic analytical balance and a leaf area meter. The leaf reflectance spectrum was measured by a handheld hyperspectral camera, and the airborne hyperspectral data were obtained using an imaging spectrometer. We analyzed the difference between the leaf spectral before and after dust removal. The sensitive spectra of dust retention on the leaf- and the canopy-scale were determined through two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS). The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm was applied to select the feature bands of canopy dust retention. The estimation model of canopy dust retention was built through random forest regression (RFR), and the dust distribution map was obtained based on the airborne hyperspectral image. The results showed that dust retention enhanced the spectral reflectance of leaves in the visible wavelength but weakened the reflectance in the near-infrared wavelength. Caused by the canopy structure and multiple scattering, a slight difference in the sensitive spectra on dust retention existed between the canopy and leaves. Similarly, the sensitive spectra of leaves and the canopy were closely related to dust and plant physiological parameters. The estimation model constructed through 2DCOS-CARS-RFR showed higher precision, compared with genetic algorithm-random forest regression (GA-RFR) and simulated annealing algorithm-random forest regression (SAA-RFR). Spatially, the amount of canopy dust increased and then decreased with increasing distance from the mining area, reaching a maximum within 300–500 m. This study not only demonstrated the importance of extracting feature bands based on the response of plant physical and chemical parameters to dust, but also laid a foundation for the rapid and non-destructive monitoring of grassland plant dust retention.
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16
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Kroon FJ, Berry KLE, Brinkman DL, Kookana R, Leusch FDL, Melvin SD, Neale PA, Negri AP, Puotinen M, Tsang JJ, van de Merwe JP, Williams M. Sources, presence and potential effects of contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environments of the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:135140. [PMID: 31859059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current policy and management for marine water quality in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in north-eastern Australia primarily focusses on sediment, nutrients and pesticides derived from diffuse source pollution related to agricultural land uses. In addition, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are known to be present in the marine environments of the GBR and the adjacent Torres Strait (TS). Current and projected agricultural, urban and industrial developments are likely to increase the sources and diversity of CECs being released into these marine ecosystems. In this review, we evaluate the sources, presence and potential effects of six different categories of CECs known to be present, or likely to be present, in the GBR and TS marine ecosystems. Specifically, we summarize available monitoring, source and effect information for antifouling paints; coal dust and particles; heavy/trace metals and metalloids; marine debris and microplastics; pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs); and petroleum hydrocarbons. Our study highlights the lack of (available) monitoring data for most of these CECs, and recommends: (i) the inclusion of all relevant environmental data into integrated databases for building marine baselines for the GBR and TS regions, and (ii) the implementation of local, targeted monitoring programs informed by predictive methods for risk prioritization. Further, our spatial representation of the known and likely sources of these CECs will contribute to future ecological risk assessments of CECs to the GBR and TS marine environments, including risks relative to those identified for sediment, nutrients and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederieke J Kroon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Kathryn L E Berry
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Diane L Brinkman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Rai Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Marji Puotinen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Tsang
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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17
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Cuba NI, Torres R, San Román E, Lagorio MG. Influence of Surface Structure, Pigmentation and Particulate Matter on Plant Reflectance and Fluorescence. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:110-121. [PMID: 32297341 DOI: 10.1111/php.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Optical properties of plant leaves are relevant to evaluate their physiological state and stress effect. The main objective of this work was to study how variegation, pigment composition or reflective features modifies leaves' photophysical behavior. For this purpose, green leaves (Ficus benjamina), purple leaves (Tradescantia pallida), green leaves covered by white trichomes (Cineraria maritima) and variegated leaves (Codiaeum aucubifolium) were analyzed. Firstly, foliar surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. UV-vis and near-IR reflectance and transmittance spectra were obtained to calculate absorption (k) and scattering (s) coefficients. The theoretical approaches of Pile of Plates and Kubelka-Munk's theory resulted still valid for nonstandard leaves with differing surface conditions. However, frequently used spectral indices were not reliable for predicting water content, when leaves differed from conventional ones. The proportionality between the absorption factor and chromophore/pigment concentration was also lost for hairy leaves. A simplified model to describe these facts was presented here. Fluorescence spectra were recorded and corrected, due to light re-absorption. Water-optical parameter connection and pigment-optical parameter connection were thoroughly discussed. Leaf surface morphology and pigmentation have not only influenced the optical features of leaves but also played a role in the effect that particulate matter could cause on leaf photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel I Cuba
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocio Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique San Román
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Lagorio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Łukowski A, Popek R, Karolewski P. Particulate matter on foliage of Betula pendula, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata: deposition and ecophysiology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10296-10307. [PMID: 31933074 PMCID: PMC7118030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Trees in urban and industrial areas significantly help to limit the amount of particulate matter (PM) suspended in the air, but PM has a negative impact on their life. The amount of PM gathered on leaves depends on quantity, size, and morphology of leaves and can also be increased by the presence of epicuticular waxes, in which PM can become stuck or immersed. In this study, we determined the ability of PM to accumulate on leaves in relation to the species of tree and PM source. We tested saplings of three common European tree species (Betula pendula, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata) by experimentally polluting them with PM from different sources (cement, construction, and roadside PM), and then assessing the effects of PM on plant growth and ecophysiology. In all studied species, we have found two types of PM accumulation: a layer on the leaf surface and an in-wax layer. Results showed that the studied species accumulate PM on their leaf blade, reducing the efficiency of its photosynthetic apparatus, which in a broader sense can be considered a reduction in the plants' normal functioning. Saplings of Q. robur suffered the least, whereas B. pendula (especially photosynthetic rate and conductivity) and T. cordata (especially increase in leader shoot length) exhibited greater negative effects. The foliage of B. pendula collected the most PM, followed by Q. robur, and then T. cordata, regardless of the dust's source. All tested species showed a tendency for higher wax production when growing under PM pollution stress. We believe that, potentially, B. pendula best enhances the quality of the PM-contaminated environment; however, faster leaf fall, reduced productivity, and worse quality of wood should be considered in urban forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Łukowski
- Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Robert Popek
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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19
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Virgulino-Júnior PCC, Carneiro DN, Nascimento WR, Cougo MF, Fernandes MEB. Biomass and carbon estimation for scrub mangrove forests and examination of their allometric associated uncertainties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230008. [PMID: 32155195 PMCID: PMC7064231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable estimates of biomass and carbon storage are essential for the understanding of the environmental drivers and processes that regulate the productivity of scrub forests. The present study estimated total (above-ground, AGB + below-ground, BGB) biomass and carbon storage of a scrub forest dominated by Avicennia germinans (L.) L. based on the existing allometric models for the AGB, while novel models were developed to estimate the BGB. Data collection followed a destructive approach by using the "sampling method", from 45 trees divided into three height classes. Tree height and diameter were used to estimate the BGB of these forests, providing more accurate estimates of their biomass. Our findings indicate the existence of a direct relationship with increasing topography and interstitial salinity, which result in an increase in the percentage contribution of the AGB. By contrast, increasing topography also led to reduction in tree height and contribution of the BGB, although this compartment represents approximately half of the total biomass of these forests. The contribution of BGB estimates increased from 43 to 49.5% from the lowest to the highest height class and the BGB and AGB values reached approximately 87 Mg ha-1 (48.6%) and 91.7 Mg ha-1 (51.4%), respectively. The estimates of the biomass and carbon stocks of scrub mangroves vary considerably worldwide, which reflects the uncertainties derived from the application of distinct sampling methods. Specific models developed for each height class should be considered instead generalist models to reduce the general uncertainties on the production and distribution of biomass and the storage of carbon. Overall, our results overcome a major lacuna in the development of allometric equations to estimate the production of BGB and the storage of carbon by scrub mangrove forests, contributing to the refinement of the total biomass estimates for this type of mangrove forest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Novaes Carneiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Bragança, Laboratório de Ecologia de Manguezal, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Ferreira Cougo
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Geociências, Cidade Universitária, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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20
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Song W, Yang Y, Qi R, Li J, Pan X. Suppression of coal dust by microbially induced carbonate precipitation usingStaphylococcus succinus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35968-35977. [PMID: 31709483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coal dust from open-cast mines is a significant air pollutant; thus, dust particles and toxins contained in the dust are a severe threat to human health and ecosystems. Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a low-cost and environmentally friendly way to suppress coal dust. With high urease activity and tolerance to coal dust, a bacterial strain, Staphylococcus succinus J3, was isolated from soil in a mine area. Thus, in dust suppression experiments, we used coal dust dominated by fine granule particles (100-250 μm) from an open-cast mine. Consequently, four factors were identified: initial bacterial biomass, calcium concentration, urea concentration, and spraying frequency; we investigated their effects on MICP as a dust suppression technique using one-factor-at-a-time experiments. Maximum threshold broken wind speed (45.5 m s-1) and pressure (912 kPa) were obtained under the following condition: OD600 = 0.7, 40 mmol calcium, 6% (w/w) urea in the bonding solution which was sprayed five times in 35 days. Pearson correlation analysis described that urea concentration and spraying frequency both significantly positive correlations with the threshold broken wind speed and pressure via Pearson analysis. When the coal dust suppression process was complete, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that a solidified layer of calcareous precipitate had formed on the surface of the dust. These results indicate that Staphylococcus succinus J3 has considerable potential for use in MICP as a coal dust suppression technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Desert & Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yuyi Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ran Qi
- Chinese People's Armed Police Golden Eighth Detachment, Urumqi, 830026, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- School of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert & Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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21
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Hapke WB, Black RW, Eagles-Smith CA, Smith CD, Johnson L, Ylitalo GM, Boyd D, Davis JW, Eldridge SLC, Nilsen EB. Contaminant Concentrations in Sediments, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish in Proximity to Rail Tracks Used for Coal Transport in the Pacific Northwest (USA): A Baseline Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:549-574. [PMID: 31538223 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Railway transport of coal poses an environmental risk, because coal dust contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mercury, and other trace metals. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, proposed infrastructure projects could result in an increase in coal transport by train through the Columbia River corridor. Baseline information is needed on current distributions, levels, and spatial patterns of coal dust-derived contaminants in habitats and organisms adjacent to existing coal transport lines. To that end, we collected aquatic surface sediments, aquatic insects, and juvenile fish in 2014 and 2015 from Horsethief Lake State Park and Steigerwald National Wildlife Refuge, both located in Washington state close to the rail line and within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. Two subsites in each area were selected: one close to the rail line and one far from the rail line. Detected PAH concentrations were relatively low compared with those measured at more urbanized areas. Some contaminants were measured at higher concentrations at the subsites close to the rail line, but it was not possible to link the contaminants to a definitive source. Trace metal concentrations were only slightly higher than background concentrations, but a few of the more sensitive benchmarks were exceeded, including those for arsenic, lead, and selenium in fish tissue and fluoranthene, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, iron, and arsenic in sediments. At Horsethief Lake, Chinook salmon and yellow perch showed lower total mercury body burdens than other species, but PAH body burdens did not differ significantly among species. Differences in the species caught among subsites and the low number of invertebrate samples rendered food web comparisons difficult, but these data show that the PAHs and trace metals, including mercury, are accumulating in these wetland sites and in some resident organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney B Hapke
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Robert W Black
- Washington Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), U.S. Geological Survey, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cassandra D Smith
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Lyndal Johnson
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Daryle Boyd
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Jay W Davis
- Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Dr. SE, Suite 102, Lacey, WA, 98503, USA
| | - Sara L Caldwell Eldridge
- Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT, 59601, USA
| | - Elena B Nilsen
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Lian J, He J, Liu F, Ran D, Wang X, Wang C. An Improved Empirical Model for Flood Discharge Atomization and Its Application to Optimize the Flip Bucket of the Nazixia Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030316. [PMID: 30678353 PMCID: PMC6388201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Flood discharge atomization is a serious challenge that threatens the daily lives of the residents around the dam area as well as the safety of the water conservancy project. This research aims to improve the prediction accuracy of the stochastic splash model. A physical model test with four types of flip bucket is conducted to obtain the hydraulic parameters of the impinging outer edge of the water jet, the relationship of the splashing droplet diameter with its corresponding velocity, and the spatial distribution of the downstream nappe wind. The factors mentioned above are introduced to formulate the empirical model. The rule obtained from the numerical analyses is compared with the results of the physical model test and the prototype observations, which yields a solid agreement. The numerical results indicate that the powerhouse is no longer in the heavy rain area when adopting the flip bucket whose curved surface is attached to the left wall. The rainfall intensity of the powerhouse is significantly weaker than that of other types under the designed condition, so we choose it as the recommended bucket type. Meanwhile, we compare the rainfall intensity distribution of the original bucket and the recommended bucket under different discharge which rates ranging from 150.71 to 1094.9 m3/s. It is found that the powerhouse and the owner camp are no longer in the heavy rain area under all of the working conditions. Finally, it is shown that the atomization influence during the flood discharge can be reduced by using the recommended bucket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Junling He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Danjie Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Popek R, Przybysz A, Gawrońska H, Klamkowski K, Gawroński SW. Impact of particulate matter accumulation on the photosynthetic apparatus of roadside woody plants growing in the urban conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:56-62. [PMID: 30036757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful inhaled pollutants. When pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, the only possible method for cleaning the air is through phytoremediation, where plants act as biological filters for pollutants. However, PM also has negative impacts on plants, although knowledge concerning the effects of PM on vegetation remains limited. In this work, an attempt was therefore made to define the amount of PM and waxes on foliage, and to evaluate the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in seven plant species (three trees, three shrubs and one climber) grown in two locations (centre and suburbs of Warsaw) that differed in their level of PM pollution in the air. More PM and waxes accumulated on the foliage of plants grown in the highly polluted location. These plants also exhibited a lowered efficiency of their photosynthetic apparatus, manifested by a lower photosynthesis rate that corresponded with an increased stomatal resistance. Plants grown in the more polluted environment also showed decreased values of Fv/Fm parameter and no statistically significant trend to increase total chlorophyll content. Among the tested species, Betula pendula Roth accumulated the greatest amount of PM and Physocarpus opulifolius L. showed no weakening of its parameters of photosynthesis in a more contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Helena Gawrońska
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Klamkowski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław W Gawroński
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Reis S, Pavia I, Carvalho A, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia C, Lima-Brito J. Seed priming with iron and zinc in bread wheat: effects in germination, mitosis and grain yield. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1179-1194. [PMID: 29453498 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the biofortification of crops like wheat with micronutrients such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is extremely important due to the deficiencies of these micronutrients in the human diet and in soils. Agronomic biofortification with Fe and Zn can be done through different exogenous strategies such as soil application, foliar spraying, and seed priming. However, the excess of these micronutrients can be detrimental to the plants. Therefore, in the last decade, a high number of studies focused on the evaluation of their phytotoxic effects to define the best strategies for biofortification of bread wheat. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed priming with different dosages (1 mg L-1 to 8 mg L-1) of Fe and/or Zn in germination, mitosis and yield of bread wheat cv. 'Jordão' when compared with control. Overall, our results showed that: micronutrient dosages higher than 4 mg L-1 negatively affect the germination; Fe and/or Zn concentrations higher than 2 mg L-1 significantly decrease the mitotic index and increase the percentage of dividing cells with anomalies; treatments performed with 8 mg L-1 of Fe and/or 8 mg L-1 Zn caused negative effects in germination, mitosis and grain yield. Moreover, seed priming with 2 mg L-1 Fe + 2 mg L-1 Zn has been shown to be non-cytotoxic, ensuring a high rate of germination (80%) and normal dividing cells (90%) as well as improving tillering and grain yield. This work revealed that seed priming with Fe and Zn micronutrients constitutes a useful and alternative approach for the agronomic biofortification of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Reis
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Pavia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Carvalho
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Lima-Brito
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (BioISI-UTAD), 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Blocos Laboratoriais, A0.04, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Hariram M, Sahu R, Elumalai SP. Impact Assessment of Atmospheric Dust on Foliage Pigments and Pollution Resistances of Plants Grown Nearby Coal Based Thermal Power Plants. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:56-70. [PMID: 28879476 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant species grown in the vicinity of thermal power plants (TPP) are one of the immobile substrates to sink most of the pollutants emitted from their stacks. The continuous exposure of toxic pollutants to these plants may affect their resistances and essential biochemical's concentrations. In the present study, we estimated the impact of dust load generated by a TPPs to plant's dust retention capacity and pollution resistances (APTI and API). The observed ambient air quality index (AQI) showed that the surroundings of TPPs are in the severe air pollution category. Observed AQI was greater than 100 in the surrounding area of TPP. The mean dust load on plant foliage was significantly greater in the polluted site compared with the control site: 4.45 ± 1.96 versus 1.38 ± 0.41 mg cm-2. Nearby, TPP highest and lowest dust load were founded in F. benghalensis (7.58 ± 0.74) and F. religiosa (2.25 ± 0.12 mg cm-2) respectively. Analysis revealed the strong negative correlation between dust load and essential pigments of foliage, such as chlorophyll content, carotenoids, pH of foliage extract, and relative water content. Conversely, strong positive correlation was observed with the ascorbic acid content of plant species. Correlation and percentage change analysis in ascorbic acid content for the polluted site against the control site showed the adverse impact on plants due to dust load. Based on their responses to dust pollution, A. scholaris, P. longifolia, and M. indica were observed as most suitable plant species. Estimation of DRC, chlorophyll a/b ratio, APTI and API revealed the A. scholaris, F. benghalensis, P. longifolia, and M. indica as the most suitable plant species for green belt formation. The high gradation was obtained in A. scholaris, F. benghalensis, P. longifolia, and M. indica for opted parameters and showed their most suitability for green belt formation. Salient features of the present study provide useful evidences to estimate the combined effect of DRC and pollution resistances of plant species on green belt establishment for long-term environmental management around industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Hariram
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Ravi Sahu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Suresh Pandian Elumalai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Popek R, Łukowski A, Bates C, Oleksyn J. Accumulation of particulate matter, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the leaves of Tilia cordata Mill. in five Polish cities with different levels of air pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:1134-1141. [PMID: 28532158 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1328394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urbanized areas are struggling with the problem of air pollution and as the number of people living in cities is increasing, the situation is likely to deteriorate. One of the most harmful pollutants is particulate matter (PM). Increased levels of PM in the atmosphere are likely to have a negative impact on human health. Phytoremediation technology could be a solution. It involves plants acting as bio-filters by accumulating particles on, and in the leaves, thus removing the particles from the atmosphere. This study investigates the accumulation of PM including heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), on the foliage of small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) in five Polish cities. There were significantly different PM amounts found in the trees between the cities which related to the different quantities of PM in the atmosphere at these cities. Significant differences were found between cities for the amounts of the different particulate size fractions, and the HMs and PAHs in leaves. Strong winds reduced the amount of PM on leaves, especially the smallest fractions, but no relationship with precipitation was found. The results suggest that T. cordata improves the air quality in cities and can be used as an effective bioindicator for PM air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- a Laboratory of Ecology , Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences , Kórnik , Poland
| | - Adrian Łukowski
- a Laboratory of Ecology , Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences , Kórnik , Poland
- b Department of Forest Protection , Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Christopher Bates
- c School of Environment , Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University , Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd , UK
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- a Laboratory of Ecology , Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences , Kórnik , Poland
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Singh H, Savita, Sharma R, Sinha S, Kumar M, Kumar P, Verma A, Sharma SK. Physiological functioning of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. under heavy roadside traffic: an approach to screen potential species for abatement of urban air pollution. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:61. [PMID: 28444603 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitigation potential of avenue tree species needs a sound understanding, especially for landscape planning or planting tree species on roadside, especially in city limits where there is huge traffic due to more number of vehicles. A preliminary study was conducted to investigate the impact of heavy traffic movement and pollution thereof on physiological functioning of Lagerstroemia speciosa trees planted on roadside in terms of carbon absorption, mitigation potential and adaptive behavior. Trees on roadside exhibited reduced carbon assimilation (36.7 ± 2.4%) and transpiration rate (42.14 ± 2.9%), decreased stomatal conductance (66.85 ± 3.87%), increased stomatal resistance (212.2 ± 11.25%), more leaf thickness (40.54 ± 3.25) and water use efficiency (9.4 ± 0.87%), and changes in lead (179.31 ± 10.24%) and proline (15.61 ± 1.92%) concentration in leaf tissues when compared to less traffic area (FRI campus). The impacts were also witnessed in the form of enhanced vapour pressure deficit of air (63.18 ± 4.94%) and leaf (45.72 ± 3.25%), and air temperature (3.2 ± 0.16%) and leaf temperature (9.0 ± 0.82%) along roadside trees. It was inferred that heavy traffic movements interrupt the physiological functioning of trees due to alteration in the surrounding environment as compared to non-traffic areas. The present study provides baseline information to further explore and identify the potential avenue tree species having significant mitigation potential and adaptive efficiency to heavy traffic movements for improving urban environment.
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28
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Naidoo G. Mangrove propagule size and oil contamination effects: Does size matter? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:362-370. [PMID: 27342901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three mangroves species with differential propagule size, Avicennia marina (2.5±0.3cm), Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (16±2cm) and Rhizophora mucronata (36±3cm), were subjected to oil contamination. In a series of glasshouse and field experiments, the sediment, propagules, leaves and stems were oiled and growth monitored. Oiling of the propagules, leaves, internodes or sediment reduced plant height, leaf number, leaf chlorophyll content index and induced growth abnormalities, leaf abscission and mortality, with effects being greatest in A. marina, intermediate in R. mucronata and least in B. gymnorrhiza. The results suggest that the greater susceptibility of A. marina to oil is due to early shedding of the protective pericarp and rapid root and shoot development after detachment from the parent tree and not to propagule size. After seedling emergence, micromorphological factors such as presence of trichomes, salt glands and thickness of protective barriers influence oil tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonasageran Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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29
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Ren Y, Deng LY, Zuo SD, Song XD, Liao YL, Xu CD, Chen Q, Hua LZ, Li ZW. Quantifying the influences of various ecological factors on land surface temperature of urban forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:519-529. [PMID: 27321883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying factors that influence the land surface temperature (LST) of urban forests can help improve simulations and predictions of spatial patterns of urban cool islands. This requires a quantitative analytical method that combines spatial statistical analysis with multi-source observational data. The purpose of this study was to reveal how human activities and ecological factors jointly influence LST in clustering regions (hot or cool spots) of urban forests. Using Xiamen City, China from 1996 to 2006 as a case study, we explored the interactions between human activities and ecological factors, as well as their influences on urban forest LST. Population density was selected as a proxy for human activity. We integrated multi-source data (forest inventory, digital elevation models (DEM), population, and remote sensing imagery) to develop a database on a unified urban scale. The driving mechanism of urban forest LST was revealed through a combination of multi-source spatial data and spatial statistical analysis of clustering regions. The results showed that the main factors contributing to urban forest LST were dominant tree species and elevation. The interactions between human activity and specific ecological factors linearly or nonlinearly increased LST in urban forests. Strong interactions between elevation and dominant species were generally observed and were prevalent in either hot or cold spots areas in different years. In conclusion, quantitative studies based on spatial statistics and GeogDetector models should be conducted in urban areas to reveal interactions between human activities, ecological factors, and LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Lu-Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu-Di Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Song
- College of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Lan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | - Li-Zhong Hua
- Department of Spatial Information Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Li
- China United Network Communications Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, China
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Rai PK. Impacts of particulate matter pollution on plants: Implications for environmental biomonitoring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:120-36. [PMID: 27011112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the serious problems world is facing in recent Anthropocene era of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Specifically particulate matter (PM) pollution represents a threat to both the environment and human health. The changed ambient environment due to the PM pollutant in urban areas has exerted a profound influence on the morphological, biochemical and physiological status of plants and its responses. Taking into account the characteristics of the vegetation (wide distribution, greater contact area etc.) it turns out to be an effective indicator of the overall impact of PM pollution and harmful effects of PM pollution on vegetation have been reviewed in the present paper, covering an extensive span of 1960 to March 2016. The present review critically describes the impact of PM pollution and its constituents (e.g. heavy metals and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) on the morphological attributes such as leaf area, leaf number, stomata structure, flowering, growth and reproduction as well as biochemical parameters such as pigment content, enzymes, ascorbic acid, protein, sugar and physiological aspect such as pH and Relative water content. Further, the paper provides a brief overview on the impact of PM on biodiversity and climate change. Moreover, the review emphasizes the genotoxic impacts of PM on plants. Finally, on the basis of such studies tolerant plants as potent biomonitors with high Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Air Pollution Index (API) can be screened and may be recommended for green belt development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Berry KLE, Hoogenboom MO, Flores F, Negri AP. Simulated coal spill causes mortality and growth inhibition in tropical marine organisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25894. [PMID: 27174014 PMCID: PMC4865754 DOI: 10.1038/srep25894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal is a principal fossil fuel driving economic and social development, and increases in global coal shipments have paralleled expansion of the industry. To identify the potential harm associated with chronic marine coal contamination, three taxa abundant in tropical marine ecosystems (the coral Acropora tenuis, the reef fish Acanthochromis polyacanthus and the seagrass Halodule uninervis) were exposed to five concentrations (0–275 mg coal l−1) of suspended coal dust (<63 μm) over 28 d. Results demonstrate that chronic coal exposure can cause considerable lethal effects on corals, and reductions in seagrass and fish growth rates. Coral survivorship and seagrass growth rates were inversely related to increasing coal concentrations (≥38 mg coal l−1) and effects increased between 14 and 28 d, whereas fish growth rates were similarly depressed at all coal concentrations tested. This investigation provides novel insights into direct coal impacts on key tropical taxa for application in the assessment of risks posed by increasing coal shipments in globally threatened marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L E Berry
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mia O Hoogenboom
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Florita Flores
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Rai PK. Biodiversity of roadside plants and their response to air pollution in an Indo-Burma hotspot region: implications for urban ecosystem restoration. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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33
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Matsuki M, Gardener MR, Smith A, Howard RK, Gove A. Impacts of dust on plant health, survivorship and plant communities in semi-arid environments. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Matsuki
- Astron Environmental Services; Perth Australia
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management; The University of Western Australia; Albany Australia
| | - Mark R. Gardener
- Astron Environmental Services; Perth Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; Perth Australia
| | | | | | - Aaron Gove
- Astron Environmental Services; Perth Australia
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; Perth Australia
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Arrivabene HP, Souza IDC, Có WLO, Conti MM, Wunderlin DA, Milanez CRD. Effect of pollution by particulate iron on the morphoanatomy, histochemistry, and bioaccumulation of three mangrove plant species in Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 127:27-34. [PMID: 25655694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, some mangrove areas are subjected to air pollution by particulate iron from mining activities. However, the effect of this pollutant on mangrove plants is not well known. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the morphoanatomy, histochemistry, and iron accumulation in leaves of Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle. Samples were collected from five mangrove sites of Espírito Santo state, each of which is exposed to different levels of particulate iron pollution. The amount of particulate material settled on the leaf surface was greater in A. schaueriana and L. racemosa, which contain salt glands. High iron concentrations were found in leaves of this species, collected from mangrove areas with high particulate iron pollution, which suggests the foliar absorption of this element. None of the samples from any of the sites showed morphological or structural damage on the leaves. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to X-ray diffraction rendered a good method for evaluating iron on leaves surfaces. A histochemical test using Prussian blue showed to be an appropriate method to detect iron in plant tissue, however, proved to be an unsuitable method for the assessment of the iron bioaccumulation in leaves of A. schaueriana and R. mangle. So far, this study demonstrates the need of evaluating the pathway used by plants exposed to contaminated particulate matter to uptake atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiulana Pereira Arrivabene
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Iara da Costa Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Luiz Oliveira Có
- Associação Educacional de Vitória, Departamento de Biologia, 29053-360 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Melina Moreira Conti
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro Tecnológico, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alberto Wunderlin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET, Dpto. Qca. Orgánica, Fac. Cs Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Popek R, Gawrońska H, Gawroński SW. The Level of Particulate Matter on Foliage Depends on the Distance from the Source of Emission. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:1262-8. [PMID: 26295901 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.989312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the most dangerous inhaled pollutants is particulate matter (PM). PM in inhaled air have a negative impact on human wellbeing and health, and may even cause deaths. Where pollutants have been emitted into the outdoor atmosphere, the only possible method for cleaning the air is through phytoremediation, a form of environmental biotechnology, where plants act as biological filters for pollutants. This study compared PM levels on the leaves of Tilia cordata Mill. trees growing in locations at increasing distances from the source of the PM emission. Significant differences between individual trees growing at a distance of between 3 m and 500 m from the road edge were found in: (i) the mass of PM that accumulated on leaves (total, surface, in-wax and the three determined size fractions) and (ii) the amount of waxes deposited on leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- a Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska 159 02-776 , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Helena Gawrońska
- a Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska 159 02-776 , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Stanislaw W Gawroński
- a Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska 159 02-776 , Warsaw , Poland
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Peters R, Vovides AG, Luna S, Grüters U, Berger U. Changes in allometric relations of mangrove trees due to resource availability – A new mechanistic modelling approach. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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González JA, Prado FE, Piacentini RD. Atmospheric dust accumulation on native and non-native species: effects on gas exchange parameters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2014; 43:801-8. [PMID: 25602809 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.08.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to atmospheric particulate matter (dust), and their leaves are the main receptors of deposited dust. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dust deposition on leaf gas exchange parameters of 17 native and non-native tree and shrub species growing in Gran San Miguel de Tucumán in northwestern Argentina. Maximum assimilation rate (), stomatal conductance (), transpiration rate (), internal CO concentration (), and instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) were measured in cleaned leaves (CL) and dusted leaves (DL) of different species on November 2010, July 2011, and September 2011. In almost all studied species, gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by dust deposition. Values for , , and of DL were significantly reduced in 11, 12, and 14 species compared with CL. Morphological leaf traits seem to be related to reduction. Indeed, L. and (Mart. ex DC.) Standl. species with pubescent leaves and thick ribs showed the highest reduction percentages. Contrarily, and WUE were increased in DL but were less responsive to dust deposition than other parameters. Increases of and WUE were significant in 5 and 11 species, respectively. Correlation analyses between /, /, and / pairs showed significant positive linear correlations in CL and DL of many studied species, including small and tall plants. These results suggest that leaf stomatal factors and shade-induced effect by accumulated dust are primarily responsible for the observed reductions in photosynthesis rate of DL.
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Kardel F, Wuyts K, Khavaninzhadeh AR, Wuytack T, Babanezhad M, Samson R. Comparison of leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) with anatomical, morphological and physiological tree leaf characteristics for assessing urban habitat quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 183:96-103. [PMID: 23266296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) is known as a good proxy of atmospheric, traffic related particulate matter (PM) concentration. In this study, we compared leaf SIRM with Leaf area (LA), leaf dry weight (LDW), specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal density (SD), relative chlorophyll content (RCC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and PI) for three urban tree types in the city of Ghent, Belgium. A negative significant relationship of LA, LDW and Fv/Fm, and a positive significant relationship of SLA with leaf SIRM was observed. Among all considered parameters, leaf SIRM had the highest potential for discrimination between contrasting land use classes. It was concluded that urban habitat quality can be monitored with leaf SIRM, independent of the other above mentioned plant parameters. The anatomical, morphological and physiological tree leaf characteristics considered are not good indicators for atmospheric PM, but might be interesting bio-indicators of other air pollutants than PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kardel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Rovai AS, Barufi JB, Pagliosa PR, Scherner F, Torres MA, Horta PA, Simonassi JC, Quadros DPC, Borges DLG, Soriano-Sierra EJ. Photosynthetic performance of restored and natural mangroves under different environmental constraints. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 181:233-241. [PMID: 23872046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the photosynthetic performance of mangrove stands restored by the single planting of mangroves species would be lowered due to residual stressors. The photosynthetic parameters of the vegetation of three planted mangrove stands, each with a different disturbance history, were compared to reference sites and correlated with edaphic environmental variables. A permutational analysis of variance showed significant interaction when the factors were compared, indicating that the photosynthetic parameters of the restoration areas differed from the reference sites. A univariate analysis of variance showed that all the photosynthetic parameters differed between sites and treatments, except for photosynthetic efficiency (αETR). The combination of environmental variables that best explained the variations observed in the photosynthetic performance indicators were Cu, Pb and elevation disruptions. Fluorescence techniques proved efficient in revealing important physiological differences, representing a powerful tool for rapid analysis of the effectiveness of initiatives aimed at restoring coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Scarlate Rovai
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Coronado-Posada N, Cabarcas-Montalvo M, Olivero-Verbel J. Phytotoxicity assessment of a methanolic coal dust extract in Lemna minor. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:27-32. [PMID: 23726540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining generates negative effects on environment, human health, hydrodynamics of mining areas and biodiversity. However, the impacts of this activity are less known in plants. Lemna minor is one of the most commonly used plants in aquatic toxicity tests due to its ubiquitous distribution in ponds and lakes, culture conditions and the free-floating habitat that exposes it to hydrophobic as well as dissolved compounds. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of a methanolic coal dust extract on L. minor. Macrophytes were exposed to six different concentrations of coal extract (from 7.81 to 250 mg/L) for 5 days, following the OECD test guideline 221. The coal extract had a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 99.66 (184.95-54.59) mg/L for the number of fronds. Several signs of toxicity such as chlorosis, reduction in the size of the fronds, abscission of fronds and roots, and the presence of necrotic tissues were observed at concentrations lower than the IC50. Preliminary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of the coal dust extract revealed the presence of several compounds, including, among others, alkanes, carboxylic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), these lasts, may be responsible for some of the observed effects. These results demonstrated that coal dust has phytotoxic effects and should not be considered as an inert material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Coronado-Posada
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Popek R, Gawrońska H, Wrochna M, Gawroński SW, Saebø A. Particulate matter on foliage of 13 woody species: deposition on surfaces and phytostabilisation in waxes--a 3-year study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2013; 15:245-56. [PMID: 23488010 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2012.694498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) as an air pollutant can be harmful for human health through allergic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Although the main focus is on decreasing air pollution, after PM has been emitted to the atmosphere, one ofthe realistic options to decrease it's concentrations in urbanized area will be phytoremediation. This study compared the capacity to capture PM from air of seven tree species commonly cultivated in Poland (Catalpa bignonioides Walter, Corylus colurna L., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Ginkgo biloba L., Platanus x hispanica Mill. ex Muenchh., Quercus rubra L., Tilia tomentosa Moench 'Brabant') and six shrub species (Acer tataricum subsp, ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm., Sambucus nigra L., Sorbaria sorbifolia (L) A.Br., Spiraea japonica L.f., Syringe meyeri C.K. Schneid. 'Palibin', Viburnum lantana L.). Significant differences were found between species in mass of total PM accumulation for two PM categories and three size fractions determined and in amount of waxes. A positive correlation was found between in-wax PM of diameter 2.5-10 microm and amount of waxes, but not between amount of waxes and amount of total PM or of any size fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW Nowoursynowska, Warsaw, Poland.
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Leaf surface structure alterations due to particulate pollution in some common plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-009-9238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kuki KN, Oliva MA, Pereira EG. Iron ore industry emissions as a potential ecological risk factor for tropical coastal vegetation. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 42:111-121. [PMID: 18320266 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-008-9093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the coastal zone of the Espírito Santo state, Brazil, fragments of restinga, which form a natural ecosystem, share their space with an increasing number of iron ore industries. The iron ore dust and SO(2) originating from the industry processing activities can interfere with the vegetation of the adjacent ecosystems at various levels. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effects of industry emissions on representative members of the restinga flora, by measuring physiological and phenological parameters. Foliar samples of Ipomoea pes caprae, Canavalia rosea, Sophora tomentosa, and Schinus terebinthifolius were collected at three increasing distances from an ore industry (1.0, 5.0, and 15.0 km), and were assessed for their dust deposition, chlorophyll, and Fe content. Phenological monitoring was focused on the formation of shoots, flowers, and fruits and was also performed throughout the course of a year. The results showed that the edaphic characteristics and the mineral constitutions of the plants were affected by industry emissions. In addition, the chlorophyll content of the four species increased with proximity to the industry. Phenological data revealed that the reproductive effort, as measured by fruit production, was affected by emissions and S. tomentosa was the most affected species. The use of an integrative approach that combines biochemical and ecological data indicates that the restinga flora is under stress due to industry emissions, which on a long-term basis may put the ecosystem at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacilda N Kuki
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida PH Rolfs, Campus-Vicosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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León G, Pérez LE, Linares JC, Hartmann A, Quintana M. Genotoxic effects in wild rodents (Rattus rattus and Mus musculus) in an open coal mining area. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 630:42-9. [PMID: 17419090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Coal is a mixture of a variety of compounds containing mutagenic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Exposure to coal is considered as an important non-cellular and cellular source of reactive oxygen species that can induce DNA damage. In addition, spontaneous combustion can occur in coal mining areas, further releasing compounds with detrimental effects on the environment. In this study the comet assay was used to investigate potential genotoxic effects of coal mining activities in peripheral blood cells of the wild rodents Rattus rattus and Mus musculus. The study was conducted in a coal mining area of the Municipio de Puerto Libertador, South West of the Departamento de Cordoba, Colombia. Animals from two areas in the coal mining zone and a control area located in the Municipio de Lorica were investigated. The results showed evidence that exposure to coal results in elevated primary DNA lesions in blood cells of rodents. Three different parameters for DNA damage were assessed, namely, DNA damage index, migration length and percentage damaged cells. All parameters showed statistically significantly higher values in mice and rats from the coal mining area in comparison to the animals from the control area. The parameter "DNA Damage Index" was found to be most sensitive and to best indicate a genotoxic hazard. Both species investigated were shown to be sensitive indicators of environmental genotoxicity caused by coal mining activities. In summary, our study constitutes the first investigation of potential genotoxic effects of open coal mining carried out in Puerto Libertador. The investigations provide a guide for measures to evaluate genotoxic hazards, thereby contributing to the development of appropriate measures and regulations for more careful operations during coal mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Campus Elías Bechara Zainúm, Calle 38 Cra.1W Barrio Juan XXIII, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In Richards Bay, South Africa, Avicennia marina frequently exhibits a distinct productivity gradient, with tree height decreasing markedly from 6-10 m in the fringe zone to <1.5 m in the dwarf zone which is 120 m inland at a slightly higher elevation. In this investigation, soil physico-chemical conditions between fringe and dwarf A. marina were compared and the constraints imposed by any differences on mangrove ecophysiology and productivity determined. METHODS Soil and plant samples were analysed for inorganic ions using spectrophotometry. Gas exchange measurements were taken with an infrared gas analyser and chlorophyll fluorescence with a fluorometer. Xylem psi was determined with a pressure chamber and chlorophyll content with a chlorophyll absorbance meter. RESULTS In the dwarf site, soil salinity, total cations, electrical conductivity and soil concentrations of Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+) and Cu(2+) were significantly higher than those in the fringe zone. Soil water potential and the concentration of soil P, however, were significantly lower in the dwarf site. In the leaves, Na(+) was the predominant ion and its concentration was 24 % higher in dwarf than fringe mangroves. Leaf concentrations of K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+) and P, however, were significantly lower in dwarf mangroves. Photosynthetic performance, measured by gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, was significantly reduced in the dwarf plants. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that hydro-edaphic factors contribute to high soil salinities, low water potentials, water stress and ion imbalance within tissues including P deficiency, which in interaction, contribute to dwarfing in Avicennia marina.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Naidoo
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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