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Zhang G, Hao Q, Gou Y, Wang X, Chen F, He Y, Liang Z, Jiang C. Changing the order and ratio of substrate filling reduced CH 4 and N 2O emissions from the aerated constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173740. [PMID: 38839002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been used to enhance pollutant removal by filling several types of material as substrates. However, research on substrate filling order remains still limited, particularly regarding the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, six CWs were constructed using zeolite and ferric‑carbon micro-electrolysis (Fe-C) fillers to evaluate the effect of changing the filling order and ratio on pollutant removal, GHGs emissions, and associated microbial structure. The results showed that the order of substrate filling significantly impacted pollutant removal performance on CWs. Specifically, CWs filled with zeolite in the top layer exhibited superior NH4+-N removal compared to those filled in the lower layer. Moreover, the highest NH4+-N removal (95.0 % ± 1.9 %) was observed in CWs with a zeolite to Fe-C volume ratio of 8:2 (CWZe-1). Moreover, zeolite-filled at the top had lower GHGs emissions, with the lowest CH4 (0.22 ± 0.10 mg m-2 h-1) and N2O (167.03 ± 61.40 μg m-2 h-1) fluxes in the CWZe-1. In addition, it is worth noting that N2O is the major contributor to integrated global warming potential (GWP) in the six CWs, accounting for 81.7 %-90.8 %. The upper layer of CWs filled with zeolite exhibited higher abundances of nirK, nirS and nosZ genes. The order in which the substrate was filled affected the microbial community structure and the upper layer of CWs filled with zeolite had higher relative abundance of nitrifying genera (Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas) and denitrifying genera (Zoogloea, Denitratisoma). Additionally, N2O emission was reduced by approximately 41.2 %-64.4 % when the location of the aeration of the CWs was changed from the bottom to the middle. This study showed that both the order of filling the substrate and the aeration position significantly affected the GHGs emissions from CWs, and that CWs had lower GHGs emissions when zeolites were filled in the upper layer and the aeration position was in the middle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingju Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongxiang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yangjian He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Zeng M, Liu Y, Li Z, Song G, Liu X, Xia X, Li Z. Maximizing pollutant removal and greenhouse gas emission reduction in vertical flow constructed wetlands: an orthogonal experimental approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34086-z. [PMID: 38954343 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the impact of the effluent C/N from the secondary structures of urban domestic wastewater treatment plants, the denitrification efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs) is not satisfactory, limiting their widespread application in the deep treatment of urban domestic wastewater. To address this issue, we constructed enhanced CWs and conducted orthogonal experiments to investigate the effects of different factors (C/N, fillers, and plants) on the removal of conventional pollutants and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The experimental results indicated that a C/N of 8, manganese sand, and calamus achieved the best denitrification efficiencies with removal efficiencies of 85.7%, 95.9%, and 88.6% for TN, NH4+-N, and COD, respectively. In terms of GHG emission reduction, this combination resulted in the lowest global warming potential (176.8 mg/m2·day), with N2O and CH4 emissions of 0.53 and 1.25 mg/m2·day, respectively. Characterization of the fillers revealed the formation of small spherical clusters of phosphates on the surfaces of manganese sand and pyrite and iron oxide crystals on the surface of pyrite. Additionally, the surface Mn (II) content of the manganese sand increased by 8.8%, and the Fe (III)/Fe (II) and SO42-/S2- on pyrite increased by 2.05 and 0.26, respectively, compared to pre-experiment levels. High-throughput sequencing indicated the presence of abundant autotrophic denitrifying bacteria (Sulfuriferula, Sulfuritalea, and Thiobacillus) in the CWs, which explains denitrification performance of the enhanced CWs. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of efficient denitrification and GHG emission reduction in the enhanced CWs, providing theoretical guidance for the deep treatment of urban domestic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Zeng
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Li
- China Construction Eco-Environmental Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Guangqing Song
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiping Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xunfeng Xia
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Chen H, Gao B, Guo Y, Yu Q, Hu M, Zhang X. Adding carbon sources to the substrates enhances Cr and Ni removal and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118940. [PMID: 38626871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment pose challenges related to long-term operational efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions on a global scale. This study investigated the impact of adding peat, humic acid, and biochar into the substrates of constructed wetlands and focused on Cr, and Ni removal, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial communities in constructed wetlands. Biochar addition treatment achieved the highest removal efficiencies for total Cr (99.96%), Cr (VI) (100%), and total Ni (91.04%). Humic acid and biochar addition both significantly increased the heavy metal content in wetland plant Leersia hexandra and substrates of constructed wetlands. Further analysis of microbial community proportions by high-throughput sequencing revealed that biochar and humic acid treatments enhanced Cr and Ni removal efficiency by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Geobacter and Ascomycota. Humic acid addition treatment reduced CO2 emissions by decreasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and increasing that of Basidiomycota. Peat treatment decreased CH4 emissions by reducing the abundance of the Bacteroidetes. Biochar treatment increased the abundance of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria as well as Basidiomycota, resulting in reduced N2O emissions. Biochar and humic acid treatments efficiently removed heavy metals from wastewater and mitigated greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands by modifying the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Tourism & Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; College of Plant and Ecological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuehong Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qiankui Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Maosheng Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xingfeng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Hu S, Feng W, Shen Y, Jin X, Miao Y, Hou S, Cui H, Zhu H. Greenhouse gases emissions and carbon budget estimation in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with different plant species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172296. [PMID: 38588732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are pivotal for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency and numerous advantages. The impact of plant species and diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from CWs requires a more comprehensive evaluation. Moreover, controversial perspectives persist about whether CWs function as carbon sinks or sources. In this study, horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, Typhae latifolia, Acorus calamus, and the mixture of these three species were constructed to evaluate pollutant removal efficiencies and GHG emissions, and estimate carbon budgets. Polyculture CWs can stably remove COD (86.79 %), NH4+-N (97.41 %), NO3--N (98.55 %), and TP (98.48 %). They also mitigated global warming potential (GWP) by suppressing N2O emissions compared with monoculture CWs. The highest abundance of the Pseudogulbenkiania genus, crucial for denitrification, was observed in polyculture CWs, indicating that denitrification dominated in nitrogen removal. While the highest nosZ copy numbers were observed in CWs vegetated with Cyperus alternifolius, suggesting its facilitation of denitrification-related microbes. Selecting Cyperus alternifolius to increase species diversity is proposed for simultaneously maintaining the water purification capacity and reducing GHG emissions. Carbon budget estimations revealed that all four types of HSSF CWs were carbon sinks after six months of operation, with carbon accumulation capacity of 4.90 ± 1.50 (Cyperus alternifolius), 3.31 ± 2.01 (Typhae latifola), 1.78 ± 1.30 (Acorus calamus), and 2.12 ± 0.88 (polyculture) kg C/m2/yr. This study implies that under these operation conditions, CWs function as carbon sinks rather than sources, aligning with carbon peak and neutrality objectives and presenting significant potential for carbon reduction efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Weidong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yaqin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun 130102, China.
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5
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Dai N, Yao D, Li Y, Xie H, Hu Z, Zhang J, Liang S. Enhanced adaptability of pyrite-based constructed wetlands for low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater treatments: Modulation of nitrogen removal mechanisms and reduction of carbon emissions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130348. [PMID: 38242241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Pyrite-based constructed wetlands (CWs) stimulated nitrate removal performance at low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio has been gaining widely attention. However, the combined effects of pyrite and C/N on the nitrate removal mechanisms and greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction were ignored. This study found that pyrite-based CWs significantly enhanced nitrate removal in C/N of 0, 1.5 and 3 by effectively driving autotrophic denitrification with high abundance of autotrophs denitrifiers (Rhodanobacter) and nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.7.2), while the enhancement was weakened in C/N of 6 by combined effect of mixotrophic denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) with high abundance of organic carbon-degrading bacteria (Stenotrophobacter) and DNRA-related nitrite reductase genes (nrf). Moreover, pyrite addition significantly reduced GHGs emissions from CWs in all stages with the occurrence of iron-coupled autotrophic denitrification. The study shed light on the potential mechanism for pyrite-based CWs for treating low C/N ratio wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Dai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Hu L, Li Z, Kong L, Wei J, Chang J, Shi W. Reassessing the greenhouse effect of biogenic carbon emissions in constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120263. [PMID: 38387360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Biogenic carbon emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), have emerged as a major concern during organic pollutant degradation within constructed wetlands (CWs). Since these organic compounds primarily originate from the photosynthetic fixation of atmospheric CO2, it potentially introduces uncertainty when assessing the greenhouse effect of biogenic carbon emissions in CWs based on direct field observations. To objectively assessing this effect, this study proposed a new strategy by quantifying CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) changes as carbon passes through CWs and tested it in various types of CWs based on 64 literature records. The findings reveal that CWs can contribute to CO2-eq additions, yet are only responsible for 15.6% derived from direct field observations. The type of CWs plays a crucial role in these CO2-eq additions, with vertical flow CWs causing the lowest levels (6.8%), followed by surface flow CWs (14.2%). In contrast, horizontal flow CWs are associated with the strongest CO2-eq addition (25.7%). The findings provide new insights for the objective assessment of the greenhouse effect of biogenic carbon emissions in CWs, which will be beneficial for future life cycle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental and Resources Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 320024, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Junjun Chang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Li Z, Kong L, Hu L, Wei J, Zhang X, Guo W, Shi W. Greenhouse gas emissions from constructed wetlands: A bibliometric analysis and mini-review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167582. [PMID: 37797756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely applied in wastewater treatment; however, the degradation of organic pollutants within CWs leads to substantial emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Under the low-carbon economy, GHG emissions have emerged as a major concern, and have been intensively studied in the CW field. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric review using CiteSpace and a global-scale analysis of GHG emission levels based on 286 records and proposed potential approaches for the future control of GHG emissions in CWs. We found that the research has generally evolved through three stages over the past 15 years: GHG emission level assessment (2007-2010), mechanisms (2011-2016), and control (2017-2022). The type of CWs is closely related to GHG emissions, with free water surface CWs emitting higher levels of methane and vertical subsurface flow CWs emitting higher levels of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. By optimizing CW operation, it is conceivable to synergistically reduce GHG emissions while enhancing pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lingwei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring & Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Wang JF, Cai ZX, Li YH, Sun YY, Wu HM, Song XS, Zhu H. Microbiota and genetic potential for reducing nitrous oxide emissions by biochar in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166489. [PMID: 37611707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The denitrification process in constructed wetlands (CWs) is responsible for most of the nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which is an undesired impact on the ecology of sewage treatment systems. This study compared three types of CWs filled with gravel (CW-B), gravel mixed with natural pyrite (CW-BF), or biochar (CW-BC) to investigate their impact on microbiota and genetic potential for N2O generation during denitrification under varying chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrate (NO3--N) ratios. The results showed that natural pyrite and biochar were superior in enhancing COD (90.6-91.2 %) and NO3--N removal (90.0-93.5 %) in CWs with a COD/NO3--N ratio of 9. The accumulation of NO2--N during the denitrification process was the primary cause of N2O emission, with the fluxes ranging from 95.6-472.0 μg/(m2·h) in CW-B, 92.9-400 μg/(m2·h) in CW-BF, and 54.0-293.3 μg/(m2·h) in CW-BC. The addition of biochar significantly reduced N2O emissions during denitrification, while natural pyrite had a lesser inhibitory effect on N2O emissions. The three types of substrates also influenced the structure of microbiota in the biofilm, with natural pyrite enriched nitrogen transformation microorganisms, especially for denitrifiers. Notably, biochar significantly enhanced the abundance of nosZ and the ratio of nosZ/(norB + norC), which are critical factors in reducing N2O emissions from CWs. Overall, the results suggest that the biochar-induced changes in microbiota and genetic potential during denitrification play a significant role in preventing N2O production in CWs, especially when treating sewage with a relatively high COD/NO3--N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ze-Xiang Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yi-Hao Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yun-Yun Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xin-Shan Song
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
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9
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Zhang G, Hao Q, Ma R, Luo S, Chen K, Liang Z, Jiang C. Biochar and hematite amendments suppress emission of CH 4 and NO 2 in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162451. [PMID: 36863587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are considered a widely used cost-effective technology for pollutant removal. However, greenhouse gas emissions are a non-negligible problem in CWs. In this study, four laboratory-scale CWs were established to evaluate the effects of gravel (CWB), hematite (CWFe), biochar (CWC), and hematite + biochar (CWFe-C) as substrates on pollutants removal, greenhouse gas emissions, and associated microbial characteristics. The results showed that the biochar-amended CWs (CWC and CWFe-C) enhanced the removal efficiency of pollutants, with 92.53 % and 93.66 % of COD and 65.73 % and 64.41 % of TN removal, respectively. Both single and combined inputs of biochar and hematite significantly reduced CH4 and N2O fluxes, with the lowest average of CH4 flux obtained in CWC (5.99 ± 0.78 mg CH4 m-2 h-1) and the least N2O flux in CWFe-C (287.57 ± 44.84 μg N2O m-2 h-1). The substantial reduction of global warming potentials (GWP) was obtained in the applications of CWC (80.25 %) and CWFe-C (79.5 %) in biochar-amended CWs. The presence of biochar and hematite mitigated CH4 and N2O emissions by modifying microbial communities with higher ratios of pmoA/mcrA and nosZ genes abundances, as well as increasing the abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Dechloromona, Thauera and Azospira). This study demonstrated that biochar and the combined use of biochar and hematite could be the potential candidates as functional substrates for the efficient removal of pollutants and simultaneously reducing GWP emissions in the constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingju Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongzhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shixu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenghao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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10
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Hu S, Zhu H, Bañuelos G, Shutes B, Wang X, Hou S, Yan B. Factors Influencing Gaseous Emissions in Constructed Wetlands: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3876. [PMID: 36900888 PMCID: PMC10001287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-technology for wastewater treatment and are applied worldwide. Due to the regular influx of pollutants, CWs can release considerable quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia (NH3), and other atmospheric pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc., which will aggravate global warming, degrade air quality and even threaten human health. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding of factors affecting the emission of these gases in CWs. In this study, we applied meta-analysis to quantitatively review the main influencing factors of GHG emission from CWs; meanwhile, the emissions of NH3, VOCs, and H2S were qualitatively assessed. Meta-analysis indicates that horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs emit less CH4 and N2O than free water surface flow (FWS) CWs. The addition of biochar can mitigate N2O emission compared to gravel-based CWs but has the risk of increasing CH4 emission. Polyculture CWs stimulate CH4 emission but pose no influence on N2O emission compared to monoculture CWs. The influent wastewater characteristics (e.g., C/N ratio, salinity) and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) can also impact GHG emission. The NH3 volatilization from CWs is positively related to the influent nitrogen concentration and pH value. High plant species richness tends to reduce NH3 volatilization and plant composition showed greater effects than species richness. Though VOCs and H2S emissions from CWs do not always occur, it should be a concern when using CWs to treat wastewater containing hydrocarbon and acid. This study provides solid references for simultaneously achieving pollutant removal and reducing gaseous emission from CWs, which avoids the transformation of water pollution into air contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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11
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Yu G, Chen J, Wang G, Chen H, Huang J, Li Y, Wang W, Song F, Ma Y, Wang Q, Wang M, Ling T, Shu Z, Sun J, Yu Z. Recent advances in constructed wetlands methane reduction: Mechanisms and methods. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1106332. [PMID: 36819020 PMCID: PMC9936987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are artificial systems that use natural processes to treat wastewater containing organic pollutants. This approach has been widely applied in both developing and developed countries worldwide, providing a cost-effective method for industrial wastewater treatment and the improvement of environmental water quality. However, due to the large organic carbon inputs, CWs is produced in varying amounts of CH4 and have the potential to become an important contributor to global climate change. Subsequently, research on the mitigation of CH4 emissions by CWs is key to achieving sustainable, low-carbon dependency wastewater treatment systems. This review evaluates the current research on CH4 emissions from CWs through bibliometric analysis, summarizing the reported mechanisms of CH4 generation, transfer and oxidation in CWs. Furthermore, the important environmental factors driving CH4 generation in CW systems are summarized, including: temperature, water table position, oxidation reduction potential, and the effects of CW characteristics such as wetland type, plant species composition, substrate type, CW-coupled microbial fuel cell, oxygen supply, available carbon source, and salinity. This review provides guidance and novel perspectives for sustainable and effective CW management, as well as for future studies on CH4 reduction in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jundan Chen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yifu Li
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Technology Center, Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd., Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wenming Wang,
| | - Fengming Song
- Technology Center, Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjun Ma
- Technology Department, Hunan Rongantai Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Technology and Information Department, CCCC-TDC Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Technology and Information Department, CCCC-TDC Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ling
- Engineering Department, China Railway Wuju Group the First Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhilai Shu
- Engineering Department, China Railway Wuju Group the First Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Julong Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
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12
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Jiang BN, Lu MB, Zhang ZY, Xie BL, Song HL. Quantifying biochar-induced greenhouse gases emission reduction effects in constructed wetlands and its heterogeneity: A multi-level meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158688. [PMID: 36108836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zero-waste biochar is an emerging tool for carbon neutralization, but the role of biochar in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from CWs were controversy and uncertainty. Yet, no previous study has integrated multiple research systems to quantitatively examine biochar-mediated GHGs emission reduction potential in CWs. Here we synthesized 114 studies to quantify biochar-induced declines ability of GHGs in the CWs by using the multi-level meta-analysis, reveal the variation of GHGs emission effect in different biochar-CWs and its response relationship with biochar, and identify the moderating variables that had a strong explanatory effect on the emission reduction effect of biochar. We showed that biochar remarkably affect CO2 mitigation (p < 0.05), but has insignificant and heterogeneous effects on CH4 and N2O. Pyrolysis time, influent dissolved oxygen (DO), influent NO3--N concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and wetland type can significantly affect the effect of biochar on CH4 emission reduction. Particularly, the importance of HRT and wetland type was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. Specially, the surface batch CWs modified by biochar could significantly promote the emission of CH4 (p < 0.001), and the effect size was up to 89.59. For N2O, biochar diameter, biochar addition ratio, influent COD/TN ratio, plant name, and removal efficiency of NO3--N/TN/COD were significant moderators. Among them, influent COD/TN ratio and plant name showed a stronger explanation. Planting Cyperus alternifolius L. significantly enhanced the N2O emission reduction capacity by biochar (p < 0.001), and effect size was as low as -24.32. 700-900 °C biochar can promote CH4 flux but inhibit N2O flux. This study provides an important theoretical basis and valuable strategic guidance for more accurate estimation and improvement of synergistic emission reduction benefits between CH4 and N2O of biochar in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Ni Jiang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Min-Bo Lu
- CCDI(Suzhou) Exploration & Design Consultant Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Bo-Lun Xie
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hai-Liang Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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13
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Zhang K, Wu X, Wang W, Luo H, Chen W, Chen J. Effects of the bioelectrochemical technique on methane emission and energy recovery in constructed wetlands (CWs) and related biological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:540-551. [PMID: 34542386 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1976846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of bioelectrochemical technique on methane emission and energy recovery, and related mechanism underlying microbial competition were investigated. The results showed that running MFC was beneficial in reducing CH4 emissions and promoting COD removal rates, regardless of whether the plant roots were located at the anode or the cathode. CH4 emission was significantly higher in open-circuit reactors (6.2 mg m-2 h-1) than in closed-circuit reactors (3.1 mg m-2 h-1). Plant roots at the cathode had the highest electricity generation and the lowest CH4 emissions. The highest power generation (0.49 V, 0.33 w m-3) and the lowest CH4 emissions (2.3 mg m-2 h-1) were observed in the reactors where Typha orientalis was planted with plant roots at the cathode. The role of plants in strengthening electron acceptor was greater than that of plant rhizodeposits in strengthening electron donors. Real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and correlation analysis indicated that the mcrA genes and CH4 emissions were positively correlated (r = 0.98, p < 0.01), while no significant relationship between CH4 emissions and pmoA genes was observed. Illumina sequencing revealed that more abundant exoelectrogens and denitrifying bacteria were observed when plant roots were located in cathodes. Strictly acetotrophic archae (Methanosaetaceae) were likely the main electron donor competitors with exoelectrogens. The results showed that the location of both plant species and plant roots at the electrode played an important role in CH4 control and electricity generation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen plant configuration to reduce CH4 emissions, to promote sustainable development of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Wu
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Li X, Liu X, Zhang K, Luo H, Pu A, Zhuang D, Jiang B, Li M, Chen W, Fan L, Qing J, Zhang X, Chen F, Zhang X. Controlling methane emissions from Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands by using potassium peroxymonosulfate as oxidant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116444. [PMID: 36283168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to reduce global warming. In this study, a new attempt of one oxidant (potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS)) was made to adjust the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) by adding different mass of (0 g, 31.25 g, 62.5 g, 125 g, 250 g and 500 g) for the reduction of methane emissions from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW), where the IVCW system has been divided into the root-water system and the stem-leaf system of methane emissions. Results show that the reduced CH4 emission from IVCW was the highest with decreased by 43.5% compared to blank group (PMS = 0), when adding 125 g PMS. Importantly, the reduced CH4 from the root-water system of IVCW was higher than that of the stem-leaf system of IVCW, when adding PMS. It's found that Eh not only has a significant correlation with CH4 flux, but also has a significant relationship between PMS quality, DO, water temperature and sampling time (yEh = -0.44XPMS + 6.82XDO + 0.38t - 264.1, R2 = 0.99). It concludes that PMS, as an oxidant, is a very feasible method for controlling methane emissions from IVCW. It's concluded from this study that it is a feasible engineering method by using PMS as an oxidant for reducing methane emissions from IVCWs when treating artificial domestic sewage. Further research may combine other methods together such as microbiology, physical control and hydrology control for mitigating the CH4 emissions from constructed wetlands for more types of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Li
- Department of Ecology Engineering and Torism, Henan Forestry Vocational College, Luoyang, 471002, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Information Engineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Aiping Pu
- Southwest Investment &Development Company Co., Ltd., 7th Division of CSCEC, Chengdu, 610095, China
| | - Daiwei Zhuang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Jing Qing
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Fenghui Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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15
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Zhu H, Niu T, Shutes B, Wang X, He C, Hou S. Integration of MFC reduces CH 4, N 2O and NH 3 emissions in batch-fed wetland systems. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119226. [PMID: 36257155 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with constructed wetlands (CWs) for enhancing water purification efficiency and generating bioelectricity has attracted extensive attention. However, the other benefits of MFC-CWs are seldom reported, especially the potential for controlling gaseous emissions. In this study, we have quantitatively compared the pollutant removal efficiency and the emission of multiple gases between MFC-CWs and batch-fed wetland systems (BF CWs). MFC-CWs exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP removal efficiencies and significantly (p < 0.01) lower global warming potential (GWP) than BF CWs. The integration of MFC decreased GWP by 23.88% due to the reduction of CH4 and N2O fluxes, whereas the CO2 fluxes were slightly promoted. The quantitative PCR results indicate that the reduced N2O fluxes in MFC-CWs were driven by the reduced transcription of the nosZ gene and enhanced the ratio of nosZ/(nirS + nirK); the reduced CH4 fluxes were related to pomA and mcrA. Additionally, the NH3 fluxes were reduced by 52.20% in MFC-CWs compared to BF CWs. The integration of MFC promoted the diversity of microbial community, especially Anaerolineaceae, Saprospiraceae and Clostridiacea. This study highlights a further benefit of MFC-CWs and provides a new strategy for simultaneously removing pollutants and abating multiple gas emissions in BF CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Tingting Niu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Chunguang He
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Shengnan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
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16
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Norgbey E, Murava RT, Rajasekar A, Huang Q, Zhou J, Robinson S. Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen additions and elevated CO 2 on microbial community, carbon and nitrogen content in a replicated wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:575. [PMID: 35821345 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic deposition of nitrogen (N) and elevated CO2 (eaCO2) are expected to increase continuously and rapidly in the near future and influence global carbon cycling. These parameters affect the ecosystem by regulating the microbial community and contribute to soil organic matter decomposition. The study was performed to understand the effects of N additions (4 and 6mgl-1) and eaCO2 (700 ppm) on carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) content in the soil, microbial community, and plant biomass (Alternanthera philoxeroides species). The results showed that when the atmospheric CO2 concentration was raised, the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil statistically increased (P < 0.05) by 4% and 3% under low and high N additions respectively, while the inorganic carbon content also increased by 1% and 3% (P > 0.05) under the same conditions. The increase in the soil TOC content was a result of the movement of carbon from water to the soil due to the presence of vascular tissues of plants in the water. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results revealed that the presence of plant species was responsible for the carbon content increment in the soil. The plant biomass content increased by 30.96% (P = 0.081) and 31.36%, (P = 0.002) under low and high N addition respectively due to the increment in atmospheric CO2. The nitrogen content in the plant species decreased (p > 0.05) by 8.62% and 6.25% at low and high N addition respectively when atmospheric CO2 was raised. This suggests that soil microbes competed with the plants for inorganic nitrogen in the soil and the microbes used up the inorganic nitrogen before it got to the plants. The gram-positive bacteria and fungi population decreased under high N addition and eaCO2 while gram-negative bacteria increased, suggesting that N additions and eaCO2 affected the microbial function and correlated with the nitrogen reduction in the soil. The results from this study serve as a guide to researchers and stakeholders in making policies with regard to the constant increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyram Norgbey
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
| | - Raphinos Tackmore Murava
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Adharsh Rajasekar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information, Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Steve Robinson
- Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
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17
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Sun H, Wu S, Feng S, Jiang C, Wang R, Xu S, Cui L, Zhuang X. Impact of influent strengths on nitrous oxide emission and its molecular mechanism in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112957. [PMID: 35167854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) can remove nitrogen (N) through plant assimilation and microbial nitrification and denitrification, while it also releases large greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. However, N2O emissions and the underlying microbial mechanisms of CWs when treating high-strength wastewater have not been systematically surveyed. Here, the effect of three influent strengths on N2O emissions in a pilot-scale CW treatment of swine wastewater was determined and the underlying microbial mechanisms were explored. The results showed that the removal rates of ammonium (NH4+) and total nitrogen (TN) increased significantly with the increasing influent strengths, however, the ratio of N2O emission/TN removal rose by 1.5 times at the same time. Quantitation of microorganisms responsible for N-cycle in the sediment indicated that the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in high influent strengths (COD, 962.38 ± 3.05 mg/L; NH4+, 317.89 ± 4.24 mg/L) was 51.6-fold compared with that in low influent strengths (COD, 516.94 ± 4.18 mg/L; NH4+, 100.65 ± 2.65), and AOB gradually replaced ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to dominate ammonia oxidizers. Structural equation models demonstrated that NO2- accumulations promoted the ratio of AOB/AOA, which further led to an increase in the ratio of N2O emission/TN removal. It is worth noting both the N removal rates and N2O emissions increased with the increasing influent strength. To obtain reduced N2O emissions, pretreatment technology for strength reduction should be supplemented before high-strength wastewater enters the CWs. This study may shed new light on the sustainable operation and application of CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shugeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Wang Y, Shang Z, Lan W, Liang S, Kang X, Hu Z. Optimization of nutrient removal performance of magnesia-containing constructed wetlands: a microcosm study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58583-58591. [PMID: 34120283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, magnesia has drawn much attention for enhancing phosphorus (P) removal of constructed wetlands. However, the poor nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of magnesia-containing constructed wetlands (Mg-CWs) inherently caused by magnesia impedes its application. In this study, peat and intermittent aeration were applied to enhance N removal in a Mg-CW, identified as P-CW and A-CW, respectively. A high TP removal rate (around 90%) was achieved in all CW, and the TN removal rate in the P-CW was 91.05% higher than that in the Mg-CW, which was mainly because the carbon source provided by the peat directly promoted the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and plants. Higher fresh weight of plants was obtained in P-CW (64.94 ± 5.78 g), compared with A-CW (35.88 ± 15.25 g) and Mg-CW (46.25 ± 18.88 g), accomplished by stronger tolerance to high pH (>10). The microbial abundance (16S rRNA) in the P-CW was 15.6 and 8.12 times higher than that of Mg-CW and A-CW, respectively, resulting in lower global warming potential. Tanking all factors into consideration, addition of peat could be an effective method to optimize the nutrient removal performance of Mg-CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenxin Shang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Lan
- National Engineering Laboratory For Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xinsheng Kang
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Science CO., LTD., Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
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Salimi S, Almuktar SAAAN, Scholz M. Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112160. [PMID: 33611067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Salimi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation.
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20
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Xu G, Li Y, Hou W, Wang S, Kong F. Effects of substrate type on enhancing pollutant removal performance and reducing greenhouse gas emission in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111674. [PMID: 33218830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs), known as an alternative clean technology, have been widely used for sewage treatment. However, greenhouse gas (N2O, CH4 and CO2) emissions are the accompanying problem in CWs. To mitigate the net global warming potential (GWP) with the constant removal efficiency for contaminants is attracting wide attention recently. In this study, four CWs were established to explore the effects of substrate types (gravel, walnut shell, manganese ore and activated alumina) on contaminant removal and greenhouse gas emissions. CWs using manganese ore substrate with function of electronic exchange showed high removal efficiencies on COD (90.1%), TN (65.1%), TP (97.1%) and low greenhouse gas flux. The emission fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 were 0.07-0.20, 2.00-252.30 and 337.54-782.57 mg m-2 h-1, respectively. Especially, the lowest average CH4 emission flux in the manganese ore CW was only 2.00 mg m-2 h-1 while those of N2O in walnut shell CW was only 0.07 mg m-2 h-1, which will make a significant contribution on the mitigation of GWP of CWs. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that microbial community diversity and richness changed significantly among different substrates. The high pmoA and low mcrA, caused by the introduction of manganese ore as substrate, also explained why there was little CH4 emission in CWs. Our study provided new insights into GWP mitigation and contaminant removal enhancement in CWs using optimal substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Weihao Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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21
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Diversity of active root-associated methanotrophs of three emergent plants in a eutrophic wetland in northern China. AMB Express 2020; 10:48. [PMID: 32170424 PMCID: PMC7070141 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-associated aerobic methanotrophs play an important role in regulating methane emissions from the wetlands. However, the influences of the plant genotype on root-associated methanotrophic structures, especially on active flora, remain poorly understood. Transcription of the pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of mRNA isolated from root samples of three emergent macrophytes, including Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Schoenoplectus triqueter (syn. Scirpus triqueter L.) from a eutrophic wetland. High-throughput sequencing of pmoA based on DNA and cDNA was used to analyze the methanotrophic community. Sequencing of cDNA pmoA amplicons confirmed that the structure of active methanotrophic was not always consistent with DNA. A type I methanotroph, Methylomonas, was the most active group in P. australis, whereas Methylocystis, a type II methanotroph, was the dominant group in S. triqueter. In T. angustifolia, these two types of methanotroph existed in similar proportions. However, at the DNA level, Methylomonas was predominant in the roots of all three plants. In addition, vegetation type could have a profound impact on root-associated methanotrophic community at both DNA and cDNA levels. These results indicate that members of the genera Methylomonas (type I) and Methylocystis (type II) can significantly contribute to aerobic methane oxidation in a eutrophic wetland.
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Water–Air Interface Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) Emissions Were Amplified by Continuous Dams in an Urban River in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Continuous dams may lead to great variation in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers, which contribute more uncertainty to regional carbon balance. This study is among the first to determine water–air interface GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in a river with continuous dams in plateau city. Combined static-chamber gas and meteorological chromatography were utilized to monitor the GHGs emission flux at the water–air interface within four continuous dams in the Huoshaogou River in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. A variation coefficient (VC) and amplification coefficient (AC) were designed to detect the influence of continuous dams on GHG emissions. Results indicate that (1) cascade dams presented an amplifying effect on GHGs emissions from the water-air interface. The VCs of three types of GHGs are 3.7–6.7 times higher than those of the undammed area. The ACs of three types of GHGs are 2.7–4.1 times larger than environmental factors; (2) the average GHG emission fluxes in some dams are higher than that of the first dam, indicating that an amplifying effect may have been accumulated by some continuous dams; (3) EC, pH, Twater, Tair and TDS are found to be principle influencing factors of GHG emission and light intensity, Twater, TOC (plant), TN (sediment) and TOC (sediment) are found to be associated with accumulative changes in GHG emission.
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Chen X, Zhu H, Yan B, Shutes B, Xing D, Banuelos G, Cheng R, Wang X. Greenhouse gas emissions and wastewater treatment performance by three plant species in subsurface flow constructed wetland mesocosms. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124795. [PMID: 31520977 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from constructed wetlands (CWs) have raised environmental concern and thus offset their environmental and ecological benefits. This study evaluated the influence of plant species, i.e., Canna indica (C. indica), Cyperus alternifolius (C. alternifolius), Phragmites australis (P. australis) and unplanted control, on GHG emissions, pollutant removal and associated microbial abundance in subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) mesocosms. C. indica outperformed the other tested plant species in pollutant removal, and the presence of plants irrespective of species enhanced the removal efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and organics in SSFCW mesocosms compared to unplanted control. The greatest carbon dioxide (CO2) flux (582.01 ± 89.25 mg/m2/h), methane (CH4) flux (21.88 ± 2.51 μg/m2/h) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux (37.27 ± 15.82 μg/m2/h) were observed in mesocosms planted with C. indica, P. australis and C.alternifolius, respectively. Unexpectedly, the mcrA and pmoA genes were not detected in any mesocosms. For denitrifiers, the N2O fluxes showed a significantly (p < 0.05) positive correlation with nirS and nirK genes abundance. The abundance of nosZ gene (ranged from 0.18 × 104 to 0.75 × 104 copies/mg gravel) and nosZ/(nirS + nirK) (ranged from 1.29 × 10-4 to 2.12 × 10-4 copies/mg gravel) in this study was lower than that in most reported studies. Regarding the global warming potential (GWP), the lowest value was observed in mesocosms planted with C. indica. In conclusion, C. indica is selected as the optimal plant species in this study due to its lower GWP and excellent pollutant removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Brian Shutes
- Urban Pollution Research Centre, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Gary Banuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648-9757, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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24
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Chen D, Gu X, Zhu W, He S, Huang J, Zhou W. Electrons transfer determined greenhouse gas emissions in enhanced nitrogen-removal constructed wetlands with different carbon sources and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121313. [PMID: 30959388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A constructed wetland (CW) was established to explore the influence of carbon addition (glucose or sodium acetate) on nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen ratios (COD/Ns) of 0, 4, 7. Results showed that the type of carbon source and COD/N significantly influenced the CW performance, in which the electrons transfer determined the regulation of denitrification, methanogenesis and respiration. Higher N2O emissions were consistent with higher nitrite accumulation at low COD/N because of electrons competition. The residual carbon source after near-complete denitrification could be further utilized by methanogenesis. Sodium acetate was superior to glucose in promoting denitrification and reducing global warming potential (GWP). In addition, bacteria sequencing and functional genes confirmed the important role of the type of carbon source on controlling nitrogen removal, carbon consumption and GHG emissions in microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xushun Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wenying Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Jungchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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25
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D'Acunha B, Johnson MS. Water quality and greenhouse gas fluxes for stormwater detained in a constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:1232-1240. [PMID: 30602248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been extensively used to deal with stormwater runoff and prevent flooding, as well as to improve water quality. However, some studies indicate that runoff from CWs can be a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere, as well as have increased levels of organic matter and nitrogen that may affect the environment and water quality of receiving waterways. We collected water samples at five different locations within a constructed stormwater detention wetland and determined dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO3-), as well as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations and fluxes. Results showed that the water had high levels of DOC and NO3-. Analysis of DOC quality showed that the organic matter is mainly derived from soil and plant litter, but it has some contribution from microbial sources as well. Additionally, the water was supersaturated with CO2 and CH4 with respect to the atmosphere, which resulted in high evasion fluxes of 4.1 g CO2-C m-2 d-1 and 45 mg CH4-C m-2 d-1. N2O flux was low, 36.6 μg N2O-N m-2 d-1, and varied between uptake and emission throughout the study period. Consideration of water quality and GHG emissions is key to evaluate the environmental performance of stormwater management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D'Acunha
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mark S Johnson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 418-2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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26
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Sun H, Xin Q, Ma Z, Lan S. Effects of plant diversity on carbon dioxide emissions and carbon removal in laboratory-scale constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5076-5082. [PMID: 30607846 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that plant diversity can enhance methane (CH4) emission and nitrogen purification efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs), but effect of plant diversity on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux and carbon removal efficiency in CWs is unknown. Therefore, we established four plant diversity levels (each level containing 4, 3, 2, and 1 species, respectively) in laboratory-scale wetland microcosms fed with simulated wastewater. Results showed that plant species richness enhanced CO2 emissions (84.7-124.7 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, P < 0.01), carbon fixation rate (P < 0.05), and microbial biomass carbon (P < 0.001), but did not improve carbon removal (P > 0.05). The presence of Pontederia cordata increased CO2 emissions, carbon fixation rate of belowground, and microbial biomass carbon (P < 0.05), whereas the presence of Phragmites australis only enhanced CO2 emission (P < 0.05). However, the presence of Typha orientalis or Lythrum salicaria did not show an influence on CO2 emissions and carbon removal (P > 0.05). Hence, our study highlights the importance of plant diversity in mediating CO2 emission intensity and carbon processes but not carbon removal in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Forestry Post-Doctoral Station, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Quanwei Xin
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Forestry Post-Doctoral Station, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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27
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Liu X, Zhang K, Fan L, Luo H, Jiang M, Anderson BC, Li M, Huang B, Yu L, He G, Wang J, Pu A. Intermittent micro-aeration control of methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland during agricultural domestic wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:24426-24444. [PMID: 29909533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is very important to control methane emissions to mitigate global warming. An intermittent micro-aeration control system was used to control methane emissions from an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) to treat agricultural domestic wastewater pollution in this study. The optimized intermittent micro-aeration conditions were a 20-min aeration time and 340-min non-aeration time, 3.9 m3 h-1 aeration intensity, evenly distributed micro-aeration diffusers at the tank bottom, and an aeration period of every 6 h. Methane flux emission by intermittent micro-aeration was decreased by 60.7% under the optimized conditions. The average oxygen transfer efficiency was 26.73%. The control of CH4 emission from IVCWs was most strongly influenced by the intermittent micro-aeration diffuser distribution, followed by aeration intensity, aeration time, and water depth. Scaling up of IVCWs is feasible in rural areas by using intermittent micro-aeration control as a mitigation measure for methane gas emissions for climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, 611231, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Mingshu Jiang
- Sichuan Company of China Post Insurance, Chengdu, 610016, China
| | - Bruce C Anderson
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mei Li
- School of Urban and Rural Construction, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Guozhu He
- Campus of Dujiangyan, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aiping Pu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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28
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Zhang X, Hu Z, Ngo HH, Zhang J, Guo W, Liang S, Xie H. Simultaneous improvement of waste gas purification and nitrogen removal using a novel aerated vertical flow constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 130:79-87. [PMID: 29202344 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygen supply is identified as one of the major factors limiting organic pollutant and nitrogen (N) removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). This study designed a novel aerated vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) using waste gas from biological wastewater treatment systems to improve pollutant removal in CWs, its potential in purifying waste gas was also identified. Compared with unaerated VFCW, the introduction of waste gas significantly improved NH4+-N and TN removal efficiencies by 128.48 ± 3.13% and 59.09 ± 2.26%, respectively. Furthermore, the waste gas ingredients, including H2S, NH3, greenhouse gas (N2O) and microbial aerosols, were remarkably reduced after passing through the VFCW. The removal efficiencies of H2S, NH3 and N2O were 77.78 ± 3.46%, 52.17 ± 2.53%, and 87.40 ± 3.89%, respectively. In addition, the bacterial and fungal aerosols in waste gas were effectively removed with removal efficiencies of 42.72 ± 3.21% and 47.89 ± 2.82%, respectively. Microbial analysis results revealed that the high microbial community abundance in the VFCW, caused by the introduction of waste gas from the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), led to its optimized nitrogen transformation processes. These results suggested that the VFCW intermittently aerated with waste gas may have potential application for purifying wastewater treatment plant effluent and waste gas, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Zhang X, Hu Z, Zhang J, Fan J, Ngo HH, Guo W, Zeng C, Wu Y, Wang S. A novel aerated surface flow constructed wetland using exhaust gas from biological wastewater treatment: Performance and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:94-101. [PMID: 29156370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel aerated surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) using exhaust gas from biological wastewater treatment was investigated. Compared with un-aerated SFCW, the introduction of exhaust gas into SFCW significantly improved NH4+-N, TN and COD removal efficiencies by 68.30 ± 2.06%, 24.92 ± 1.13% and 73.92 ± 2.36%, respectively. The pollutants removal mechanism was related to the microbial abundance and the highest microbial abundance was observed in the SFCW with exhaust gas because of the introduction of exhaust gas from sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and thereby optimizing nitrogen transformation processes. Moreover, SFCW would significantly mitigate the risk of exhaust gas pollution. SFCW removed 20.00 ± 1.23%, 34.78 ± 1.39%, and 59.50 ± 2.33% of H2S, NH3 and N2O in the exhaust gas, respectively. And 31.32 ± 2.23% and 32.02 ± 2.86% of bacterial and fungal aerosols in exhaust gas were also removed through passing SFCW, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chujun Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
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Kang W, Chai H, Xiang Y, Chen W, Shao Z, He Q. Assessment of low concentration wastewater treatment operations with dewatered alum sludge-based sequencing batch constructed wetland system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17497. [PMID: 29235527 PMCID: PMC5727494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition of volatile fatty acids between anoxic denitrification and anaerobic phosphorus release is prominent. Therefore, low concentration wastewater has restricted effects on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The purpose of this study is to treat dormitory sewage with a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ranging from 50 to 150 mg/L using dewatered alum sludge-based sequencing batch constructed wetland system. Vegetation in the wetland system was chosen to be Phragmites australis. Three parallel cases were carried out to assess impacts due to different hydraulic retention time (HRT) and artificial aeration. The results showed that this system is effective in removing total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) under different HRT. However, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission poses to be the greatest challenge in the high HRT cases. Artificial aeration could reduce N2O emission but is associated with high operational cost. Results indicate that dewatered alum sludge-based sequencing batch constructed wetland system is a promising bio-measure in the treatment of low concentration wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China. .,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China.,National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, P.R. China
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Pascual A, de la Varga D, Arias CA, Van Oirschot D, Kilian R, Álvarez JA, Soto M. Hydrolytic anaerobic reactor and aerated constructed wetland systems for municipal wastewater treatment - HIGHWET project. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:209-219. [PMID: 27241268 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1188995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The HIGHWET project combines the hydrolytic up-flow sludge bed (HUSB) anaerobic digester and constructed wetlands (CWs) with forced aeration for decreasing the footprint and improving effluent quality. The HIGHWET plant in A Coruña (NW of Spain) treating municipal wastewater consists of a HUSB and four parallel subsurface horizontal flow (HF) CWs. HF1, HF2 and HF3 units are fitted with forced aeration, while the control HF4 is not aerated. All the HF units are provided with effluent recirculation, but different heights of gravel bed (0.8 m in HF1 and HF2, and 0.5 m in HF3 and HF4) are implemented. Besides, a tobermorite-enriched material was added in the HF2 unit in order to improve phosphorus removal. The HUSB 76-89% of total suspended solids (TSS) and about 40% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Aerated HF units reached above 96% of TSS, COD and BOD at a surface loading rate of 29-47 g BOD5/m2·d. An aeration regime ranging from 5 h on/3 h off to 3 h on/5 h off was found to be adequate to optimize nitrogen removal, which ranged from 53% to 81%. Average removal rates of 3.4 ± 0.4 g total nitrogen (TN)/m2·d and 12.8 ± 3.7 g TN/m3·d were found in the aerated units, being 5.5 and 4.1 times higher than those of the non-aerated system. The tobermorite-enriched HF2 unit showed a distinct higher phosphate (60-67%) and total phosphorus (54%) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pascual
- a Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I , University of A Coruña , A Coruña , Galiza , Spain
- b AIMEN , Porriño - Pontevedra , Spain
| | - D de la Varga
- c Sedaqua (Spin-off from University of A Coruña) , O Porriño, Pontevedra , Spain
| | - C A Arias
- d Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - R Kilian
- f Kilian Water , Bryrup , Denmark
| | | | - M Soto
- a Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I , University of A Coruña , A Coruña , Galiza , Spain
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Validation of an analytical method for simultaneous high-precision measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants using a gas chromatography-barrier discharge detector system. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Glaz P, Bartosiewicz M, Laurion I, Reichwaldt ES, Maranger R, Ghadouani A. Greenhouse gas emissions from waste stabilisation ponds in Western Australia and Quebec (Canada). WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:64-74. [PMID: 27258617 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) are highly enriched environments that may emit large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG), including CO2, CH4 and N2O. However, few studies provide detailed reports on these emissions. In the present study, we investigated GHG emissions from WSPs in Western Australia and Quebec, Canada, and compared emissions to WSPs from other climatic regions and to other types of aquatic ecosystems. Surface water GHG concentrations were related to phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. The CO2 was either emitted or absorbed by WSPs, largely as a function of phytoplankton dynamics and strong stratification in these shallow systems, whereas efflux of CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere was always observed albeit with highly variable emission rates, dependent on treatment phase and time of the day. The total global warming potential index (GWP index, calculated as CO2 equivalent) of emitted GHG from WSPs in Western Australia averaged 12.8 mmol m(-2) d(-1) (median), with CO2, CH4 and N2O respectively contributing 0%, 96.7% and 3.3% of the total emissions, while in Quebec WSPs this index was 194 mmol m(-2) d(-1), with a relative contribution of 93.8, 3.0 and 3.2% respectively. The CO2 fluxes from WSPs were of the same order of magnitude as those reported in hydroelectric reservoirs and constructed wetlands in tropical climates, whereas CH4 fluxes were considerably higher compared to other aquatic ecosystems. N2O fluxes were in the same range of values reported for WSPs in subtropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Glaz
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway M015, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Maciej Bartosiewicz
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laurion
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec, QC G1K 9A9, Canada; Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Elke S Reichwaldt
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway M015, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Roxane Maranger
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Anas Ghadouani
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway M015, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Faußer AC, Dušek J, Čížková H, Kazda M. Diurnal dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in shoots and rhizomes of a perennial in a constructed wetland indicate down-regulation of below ground oxygen consumption. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw025. [PMID: 27207278 PMCID: PMC4940480 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants actively provide oxygen for aerobic processes in submerged tissues and the rhizosphere. The novel concomitant assessment of diurnal dynamics of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations under field conditions tests the whole-system interactions in plant-internal gas exchange and regulation. Oxygen concentrations ([O2]) were monitored in-situ in central culm and rhizome pith cavities of common reed (Phragmites australis) using optical oxygen sensors. The corresponding carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) were assessed via gas samples from the culms. Highly dynamic diurnal courses of [O2] were recorded, which started at 6.5-13 % in the morning, increased rapidly up to 22 % during midday and declined exponentially during the night. Internal [CO2] were high in the morning (1.55-17.5 %) and decreased (0.04-0.94 %) during the rapid increase of [O2] in the culms. The observed negative correlations between [O2] and [CO2] particularly describe the below ground relationship between plant-mediated oxygen supply and oxygen use by respiration and biogeochemical processes in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the nocturnal declining slopes of [O2] in culms and rhizomes indicated a down-regulation of the demand for oxygen in the complete below ground plant-associated system. These findings emphasize the need for measurements of plant-internal gas exchange processes under field conditions because it considers the complex interactions in the oxic-anoxic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Faußer
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jiří Dušek
- CzechGlobe - Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Department of Matters and Energy Fluxes, v.v.i. České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Čížková
- CzechGlobe - Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Department of Matters and Energy Fluxes, v.v.i. České Budějovice, Czech Republic University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kazda
- Ulm University, Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm, Germany
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de la Varga D, Ruiz I, Álvarez JA, Soto M. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from constructed wetlands receiving anaerobically pretreated sewage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:824-833. [PMID: 26342902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine methane and carbon dioxide emissions from a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) treating anaerobically pre-treated sewage. The CW was constituted of two horizontal flow (free water surface followed by a subsurface) units. A long-term study was carried out as both CW units were monitored for three campaigns in Period 1 (0.9-1.5years after start-up), and four campaigns in Period 2 (4.5-5.8years after start-up). The closed chamber method with collecting surfaces of 1810cm(2) was used. For this system, variability due to position in the transverse section of CW, plant presence or absence and recommended sampling period was determined. Overall methane emissions ranged from 96 to 966mgCH4m(-2) d(-1), depending on several factors as the operation time, the season of the year and the position in the system. Methane emissions increased from 267±188mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) during the second year of operation to 543±161mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) in the sixth year of operation. Methane emissions were related to the age of the CW and the season of the year, being high in spring and becoming lower from spring to winter. Total CO2 emissions ranged mostly from 3500 to 5800mgCO2m(-2)d(-1) during the sixth year of operation, while nitrous oxide emissions were below the detection limit of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de la Varga
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - I Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - J A Álvarez
- AIMEN Technology Center, C/. Relva, 27 A - Torneiros, Porriño, Pontevedra 36410, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga no 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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Barbera AC, Borin M, Cirelli GL, Toscano A, Maucieri C. Comparison of carbon balance in Mediterranean pilot constructed wetlands vegetated with different C4 plant species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2372-2383. [PMID: 24743957 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions and carbon (C) budgets in a horizontal subsurface flow pilot-plant constructed wetland (CW) with beds vegetated with Cyperus papyrus L., Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, and Mischantus × giganteus Greef et Deu in the Mediterranean basin (Sicily) during the 1st year of plant growing season. At the end of the vegetative season, M. giganteus showed the higher biomass accumulation (7.4 kg m(-2)) followed by C. zizanioides (5.3 kg m(-2)) and C. papyrus (1.8 kg m(-2)). Significantly higher emissions of CO2 were detected in the summer, while CH4 emissions were maximum during spring. Cumulative CO2 emissions by C. papyrus and C. zizanioides during the monitoring period showed similar trends with final values of about 775 and 1,074 g m(-2), respectively, whereas M. giganteus emitted 3,395 g m(-2). Cumulative CH4 bed emission showed different trends for the three C4 plant species in which total gas release during the study period was for C. papyrus 12.0 g m(-2) and ten times higher for M. giganteus, while C. zizanioides bed showed the greatest CH4 cumulative emission with 240.3 g m(-2). The wastewater organic carbon abatement determined different C flux in the atmosphere. Gas fluxes were influenced both by plant species and monitored months with an average C-emitted-to-C-removed ratio for C. zizanioides, C. papyrus, and M. giganteus of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. The growing season C balances were positive for all vegetated beds with the highest C sequestered in the bed with M. giganteus (4.26 kg m(-2)) followed by C. zizanioides (3.78 kg m(-2)) and C. papyrus (1.89 kg m(-2)). To our knowledge, this is the first paper that presents preliminary results on CO2 and CH4 emissions from CWs vegetated with C4 plant species in Mediterranean basin during vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Barbera
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, DISPA, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123, Catania, Italy
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Olsson L, Dam Larsen J, Ye S, Brix H. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from sludge treatment reed beds depend on system management and sludge loading. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 141:51-60. [PMID: 24768834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sludge treatment reed beds (STRB) are considered as eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to conventional sludge treatment methods, although little is known about greenhouse gas emissions from such systems. We measured CO2 and CH4 emissions and substrate characteristics in a STRB, an occasionally loaded sludge depot (SD) and a natural reed wetland (NW). The aim was to compare (i) emissions among the sites in relation to substrate characteristics and (ii) emissions before and after sludge loading in the STRB. The STRB emitted twice as much CO2 (1200 mg m(-2) h(-1)) as the SD, whereas the SD emitted four times more CH4 (2 mg m(-2) h(-1)) than the STRB. The NW had the lowest emissions of both gases. The differences in gas emissions among the sites were primarily explained by differences in the availability of oxygen in the substrate. As a consequence of overloading and poor management, the SD had no vegetation and a poor dewatering capacity, which resulted in anaerobic conditions favoring CH4 emission. In contrast, the well-managed STRB had more aerobic conditions in the sludge residue resulting in low CH4 emission rates. We conclude that well-designed and well-managed STRBs have a low climate impact relative to conventional treatment alternatives, but that overloading and poor sludge management enhances the emissions of CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Olsson
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Building 1135, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Niels Jensens Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Julie Dam Larsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Building 1135, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Siyuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geological Survey, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Fuzhou Road 62, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Building 1135, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Herrera-Melián JA, González-Bordón A, Martín-González MA, García-Jiménez P, Carrasco M, Araña J. Palm tree mulch as substrate for primary treatment wetlands processing high strength urban wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 139:22-31. [PMID: 24681361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The life span of subsurface flow treatment wetlands is determined by the clogging of the substrate. Thus, the influent should undergo primary treatment to reduce loadings of suspended solids and dissolved organic matter. An-organic based substrate should be less prone to clogging because of its remarkably higher porosity and plasticity. Mulch obtained from branches of the Canarian palm tree (Phoenix canariensis) has been tested as substrate for mixed flow, intermittently fed treatment wetland mesocosms processing high strength urban wastewater. The effect of the presence of plants (Phragmites and Cyperus), influent pressure and hydraulic loading rate was studied. The best removals (SS: 89%, COD: 77%, turbidity: 82%) have been obtained with planted reactors treating highly concentrated influents at the lower hydraulic loading rates tested. The palm tree mulch units achieved similar removals of SS, COD and turbidity to one having gravel as substrate and planted with common reed. Mulch obtained from stems of giant reed (Arundo donax) provided similar removals of SS and turbidity but that of COD was lower. The combination of organic-based TWs with gravel-based ones provided high removals (SS: 95%, COD: 78%, turbidity: 95%) while the risk of clogging was strongly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Herrera-Melián
- Dpto. de Química, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain; CIDIA, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - A González-Bordón
- Dpto. de Química, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M A Martín-González
- CIDIA, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - P García-Jiménez
- Dpto. de Biología, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M Carrasco
- Dpto. de Biología, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J Araña
- Dpto. de Química, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain; CIDIA, Campus Universitario de Tafira, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Canary Islands, Spain
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Ge Z, Hu C, Zhang H. Effects of influent C/N ratios on wastewater nutrient removal and simultaneous greenhouse gas emission from the combinations of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands and earthworm eco-filters for treating synthetic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:567-575. [PMID: 24504343 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on the nutrient removal and the simultaneous CO2, CH4, and N2O emission rates of various combinations of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSFCWs) and earthworm eco-filters (EEs) under different influent C/N ratios in synthetic wastewater. The optimal parameters for nutrient removal were influent C/N ratios of 5 : 1 and 10 : 1 as well as the combination VSFCW-EE. Relatively low values of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates measured in situ were obtained at a C/N ratio of 5 : 1. The emission rates of CH4 and N2O were considerably lower than that of CO2. The VSFCW-EE and EE-VSFCW combinations showed similar GHG emission results. The C/N ratio of 5 : 1 and the VSFCW-EE combination exhibited the highest nutrient removal efficiency with the lowest GHG emission rate. Wastewater nutrient removal and GHG emission were both high during summer (June to August) and low during winter (December to February).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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Vilar-Sanz A, Puig S, García-Lledó A, Trias R, Balaguer MD, Colprim J, Bañeras L. Denitrifying bacterial communities affect current production and nitrous oxide accumulation in a microbial fuel cell. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63460. [PMID: 23717427 PMCID: PMC3662693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocathodic reduction of nitrate in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) is an alternative to remove nitrogen in low carbon to nitrogen wastewater and relies entirely on microbial activity. In this paper the community composition of denitrifiers in the cathode of a MFC is analysed in relation to added electron acceptors (nitrate and nitrite) and organic matter in the cathode. Nitrate reducers and nitrite reducers were highly affected by the operational conditions and displayed high diversity. The number of retrieved species-level Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) for narG, napA, nirS and nirK genes was 11, 10, 31 and 22, respectively. In contrast, nitrous oxide reducers remained virtually unchanged at all conditions. About 90% of the retrieved nosZ sequences grouped in a single OTU with a high similarity with Oligotropha carboxidovorans nosZ gene. nirS-containing denitrifiers were dominant at all conditions and accounted for a significant amount of the total bacterial density. Current production decreased from 15.0 A·m−3 NCC (Net Cathodic Compartment), when nitrate was used as an electron acceptor, to 14.1 A·m−3 NCC in the case of nitrite. Contrarily, nitrous oxide (N2O) accumulation in the MFC was higher when nitrite was used as the main electron acceptor and accounted for 70% of gaseous nitrogen. Relative abundance of nitrite to nitrous oxide reducers, calculated as (qnirS+qnirK)/qnosZ, correlated positively with N2O emissions. Collectively, data indicate that bacteria catalysing the initial denitrification steps in a MFC are highly influenced by main electron acceptors and have a major influence on current production and N2O accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Vilar-Sanz
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Puig
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Arantzazu García-Lledó
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Rosalia Trias
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - M. Dolors Balaguer
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jesús Colprim
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Bañeras
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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41
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Rossi L, Queloz P, Brovelli A, Margot J, Barry DA. Enhancement of micropollutant degradation at the outlet of small wastewater treatment plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58864. [PMID: 23484055 PMCID: PMC3590130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate low-cost and easy-to-operate engineering solutions that can be added as a polishing step to small wastewater treatment plants to reduce the micropollutant load to water bodies. The proposed design combines a sand filter/constructed wetland with additional and more advanced treatment technologies (UV degradation, enhanced adsorption to the solid phase, e.g., an engineered substrate) to increase the elimination of recalcitrant compounds. The removal of five micropollutants with different physico-chemical characteristics (three pharmaceuticals: diclofenac, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, one pesticide: mecoprop, and one corrosion inhibitor: benzotriazole) was studied to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed system. Separate batch experiments were conducted to assess the removal efficiency of UV degradation and adsorption. The efficiency of each individual process was substance-specific. No process was effective on all the compounds tested, although elimination rates over 80% using light expanded clay aggregate (an engineered material) were observed. A laboratory-scale flow-through setup was used to evaluate interactions when removal processes were combined. Four of the studied compounds were partially eliminated, with poor removal of the fifth (benzotriazole). The energy requirements for a field-scale installation were estimated to be the same order of magnitude as those of ozonation and powdered activated carbon treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rossi
- Institut d'ingénierie de l'environnement, Faculté de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construit, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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42
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Moore TLC, Hunt WF. Ecosystem service provision by stormwater wetlands and ponds - a means for evaluation? WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:6811-6823. [PMID: 22178306 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater control measures (SCMs) such as constructed stormwater ponds and constructed stormwater wetlands (CSWs) are designed to regulate runoff hydrology and quality. However, these created ecosystems also provide a range of other benefits, or ecosystem services, which are often acknowledged but rarely quantified. In this study, additional ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and cultural services, were assessed and compared between 20 ponds and 20 CSWs in North Carolina, USA. Carbon sequestration was estimated through the carbon content of pond and wetland sediments across a gradient of system age. Biodiversity was quantified in terms of the richness and Shannon diversity index of vegetative and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Cultural services were qualitatively assessed based on the potential for recreational and educational opportunities at each site. Ponds and wetlands were found to support similar levels of macroinvertebrate diversity, though differences community composition arose between the two habitat types. CSWs demonstrated greater potential to provide carbon sequestration, vegetative diversity, and cultural ecosystem services. This assessment provides an initial framework upon which future assessments of ecosystem service provision by SCMs can build.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha L C Moore
- North Carolina State University, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weaver Labs, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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43
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Comparison of greenhouse gas emission accounting for a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system. ECOL INFORM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Nimkar PA, Kolekar N, Tandon SA, Kumar R. Methane emission potential and increased efficiency of a phytoremediation system bioaugmented with Bacillus firmus XJSL 1-10. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2012; 14:845-853. [PMID: 22908649 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2011.628717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland mesocosms (HSSCW) designed to treat municipal waste water were bioaugmented with Bacillus firmus XJSL 1-10. The efficiencies of the three HSSCW mesocosms (non-vegetated HSSCW, Schoenoplectus validus HSSCW and Bambusa vulgaris HSSCW) were assessed. Bioaugmentation not only enhanced the efficiency of the phytoremediation system but also reduced methane emission from an average of 51.3 mg/m2/d to 21.6 mg/m2/d in Schoenoplectus validus HSSCW and from an average of 1708 mg/m2/d to 1473 mg/m2/d in Bambusa vulgaris HSSCW. Each of the three types of bioaugmented HSSCWs showed higher purification efficiency with respect to the removal of BOD and NH4-N than the non-bioaugmented HSSCWs. The performance enhancement was most significant in bioaugmented Schoenoplectus validus HSSCW mesocosm with 48.8 and 44.8% lower BOD, and NH4-N, respectively than the non-bioaugmented HSSCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi A Nimkar
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Dr. A. B. Road, Worli, Mumbai, India
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45
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Yang Z, Zhao Y, Xia X. Nitrous oxide emissions from Phragmites australis-dominated zones in a shallow lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 166:116-124. [PMID: 22494973 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions from Phragmites australis (reed)--dominated zones in Baiyangdian Lake, the largest shallow lake of Northern China, were investigated under different hydrological conditions with mesocosm experiments during the growing season of reeds. The daily and monthly N(2)O emissions were positively correlated with air temperature and the variation of aboveground biomass of reeds (p < 0.05), respectively. The N(2)O emissions from reeds were about 45.8-52.8% of that from the sediments. In terms of the effect of hydrological conditions, N(2)O emissions from the aquatic-terrestrial ecotone were 9.4-26.1% higher than the submerged zone, inferring that the variation of water level would increase N(2)O emissions. The annual N(2)O emission from Baiyangdian Lake was estimated to be about 114.2 t. This study suggested that N(2)O emissions from shallow lakes might be accelerated by the climate change as it has increased air temperature and changed precipitation, causing the variation of water level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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46
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Yan C, Zhang H, Li B, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zheng Z. Effects of influent C/N ratios on CO2 and CH4 emissions from vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating synthetic municipal wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 203-204:188-194. [PMID: 22192587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from constructed wetlands (CWs) can mitigate the environmental benefits of nutrient removal because reduced water pollution could be replaced by emission of GHG. Therefore, the GHG (CO(2) and CH(4)) fluxes of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF CWs) under different influent C/N ratios of synthetic municipal wastewater were analyzed directly by GHG flux measurements, and estimated by carbon mass balance (CMB) over a 12 month period. The VSSF CWs system achieved the highest biological nutrient removal (BNR) efficiency between C/N ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 across all kinds of pollutants. Variation in influent C/N ratios dramatically influenced GHG fluxes from the VSSF CWs system. The GHG flux measured in situ agreed with those predicted by the CMB model and represented relatively low GHG fluxes when C/N ratios were between 2.5:1 and 5:1. It was determined that the optimum C/N ratio is 5:1, at which VSSF CWs can achieve a relatively high BNR efficiency and a low level of GHG flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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47
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Dalgaard T, Hutchings N, Dragosits U, Olesen JE, Kjeldsen C, Drouet JL, Cellier P. Effects of farm heterogeneity and methods for upscaling on modelled nitrogen losses in agricultural landscapes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3183-3192. [PMID: 21458123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to illustrate the importance of farm scale heterogeneity on nitrogen (N) losses in agricultural landscapes. Results are exemplified with a chain of N models calculating farm-N balances and distributing the N-surplus to N-losses (volatilisation, denitrification, leaching) and soil-N accumulation/release in a Danish landscape. Possible non-linearities in upscaling are assessed by comparing average model results based on (i) individual farm level calculations and (ii) averaged inputs at landscape level. Effects of the non-linearities that appear when scaling up from farm to landscape are demonstrated. Especially in relation to ammonia losses the non-linearity between livestock density and N-loss is significant (p > 0.999), with around 20-30% difference compared to a scaling procedure not taking this non-linearity into account. A significant effect of farm type on soil N accumulation (p > 0.95) was also identified and needs to be included when modelling landscape level N-fluxes and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dalgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Misiti TM, Hajaya MG, Pavlostathis SG. Nitrate reduction in a simulated free-water surface wetland system. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:5587-5598. [PMID: 21885082 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using a constructed wetland for treatment of nitrate-contaminated groundwater resulting from the land application of biosolids was investigated for a site in the southeastern United States. Biosolids degradation led to the release of ammonia, which upon oxidation resulted in nitrate concentrations in the upper aquifer in the range of 65-400 mg N/L. A laboratory-scale system was constructed in support of a pilot-scale project to investigate the effect of temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and nitrate and carbon loading on denitrification using soil and groundwater from the biosolids application site. The maximum specific reduction rates (MSRR), measured in batch assays conducted with an open to the atmosphere reactor at four initial nitrate concentrations from 70 to 400 mg N/L, showed that the nitrate reduction rate was not affected by the initial nitrate concentration. The MSRR values at 22 °C for nitrate and nitrite were 1.2 ± 0.2 and 0.7 ± 0.1 mg N/mg VSS(COD)-day, respectively. MSRR values were also measured at 5, 10, 15 and 22 °C and the temperature coefficient for nitrate reduction was estimated at 1.13. Based on the performance of laboratory-scale continuous-flow reactors and model simulations, wetland performance can be maintained at high nitrogen removal efficiency (>90%) with an HRT of 3 days or higher and at temperature values as low as 5 °C, as long as there is sufficient biodegradable carbon available to achieve complete denitrification. The results of this study show that based on the climate in the southeastern United States, a constructed wetland can be used for the treatment of nitrate-contaminated groundwater to low, acceptable nitrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Misiti
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, USA
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49
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García-Lledó A, Vilar-Sanz A, Trias R, Hallin S, Bañeras L. Genetic potential for N2O emissions from the sediment of a free water surface constructed wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:5621-5632. [PMID: 21920580 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Removal of nitrogen is a key aspect in the functioning of constructed wetlands. However, incomplete denitrification may result in the net emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O) resulting in an undesired effect of a system supposed to provide an ecosystem service. In this work we evaluated the genetic potential for N(2)O emissions in relation to the presence or absence of Phragmites and Typha in a free water surface constructed wetland (FWS-CW), since vegetation, through the increase in organic matter due to litter degradation, may significantly affect the denitrification capacity in planted areas. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of genes in the denitrification pathway indicating capacity to produce or reduce N(2)O were conducted at periods of different water discharge. Genetic potential for N(2)O emissions was estimated from the relative abundances of all denitrification genes and nitrous oxide reductase encoding genes (nosZ). nosZ abundance was invariably lower than the other denitrifying genes (down to 100 fold), and differences increased significantly during periods of high nitrate loads in the CW suggesting a higher genetic potential for N(2)O emissions. This situation coincided with lower nitrogen removal efficiencies in the treatment cell. The presence and the type of vegetation, mainly due to changes in the sediment carbon and nitrogen content, correlated negatively to the ratio between nitrate and nitrite reducers and positively to the ratio between nitrite and nitrous oxide reducers. These results suggest that the potential for nitrous oxide emissions is higher in vegetated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu García-Lledó
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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50
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Abbasi T, Abbasi S. Factors which facilitate waste water treatment by aquatic weeds – the mechanism of the weeds’ purifying action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00207230902978380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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