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Chang M, Liu Y, Xu M, Li H, Li SW. Particle morphology and soil properties affect the retention of copper oxide nanoparticles in agricultural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:281. [PMID: 38963650 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between nanoscale copper oxides (nano-CuOs) and soil matrix significantly affects their fate and transport in soils. This study investigates the retention of nano-CuOs and Cu2+ ions in ten typical agricultural soils by employing the Freundlich adsorption model. Retention of nano-CuOs and Cu2+ in soils was well fitted by the Freundlich model. The retention parameters (KD, KF, and N) followed an order of CuO NTs > CuO NPs > Cu2+, highlighting significant impact of nano-CuOs morphology. The KF and N values of CuO NPs/Cu2+ were positively correlated with soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), but exhibited a weaker correlation for CuO NTs. Soil pH and/or EC could be used to predict KF and N values of CuO NPs or CuO NTs, with additional clay content should be included for Cu2+.The different relationship between retention parameters and soil properties may suggest that CuO NTs retention mainly caused by agglomeration, whereas adsorption and agglomeration were of equal importance to CuO NPs. The amendment of Ca2+ at low and medium concentration promoted retention of nano-CuOs in alkaline soils, but reduced at high concentration. These findings provided critical insights into the fate of nano-CuOs in soil environments, with significant implications for environmental risk assessment and soil remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yinghao Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Meilan Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Helian Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Shi-Wei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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2
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Malheiro C, Prodana M, Cardoso DN, Morgado RG, Loureiro S. Ageing influences the toxicity of two innovative nanofertilizers to the soil invertebrates Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123989. [PMID: 38642791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global food demand is threatening the sustainability of agrifood production systems. The intensification of agricultural practices, with inadequate use of pesticides and fertilizers, poses major challenges to the good functioning of agroecosystems and drastically degrades the soil quality. Nanotechnology is expected to optimize the current farming practices and mitigate some associated impacts. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of nanomaterials with high potential for use in agricultural productions, mostly due to their sustained release of nutrients. Considering its novelty and lack of studies on the terrestrial ecosystem, it is essential to assess potential long-term harmful consequences to non-target organisms. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn-Al-NO3 LDH and Mg-Al-NO3 LDH ageing on the survival and reproduction of two soil invertebrate species Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida. We postulated that the toxicity of nanomaterials to soil invertebrates would change with time, such that the ageing of soil amendments would mediate their impacts on both species. Our results showed that the toxicity of LDHs was species-dependent, with Zn-Al-NO3 LDH being more toxic to E. crypticus, while Mg-Al-NO3 LDH affected more F. candida, especially in the last ageing period, where reproduction was the most sensitive biological parameter. The toxicity of both nanomaterials increased with ageing time, as shown by the decrease of the EC50 values over time. The influence of LDH dissolution and availability of Zn and Mg in the soil pore water was the main factor related to the toxicity, although we cannot rule out the influence of other structural constituents of LDHs (e.g., nitrates and aluminium). This study supports the importance of incorporating ageing in the ecotoxicity testing of nanomaterials, considering their slow release, as effects on soil organisms can change and lead to more severe impacts on the ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malheiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Prodana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D N Cardoso
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R G Morgado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Loureiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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3
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Wang YL, Lee YH, Chou CL, Chang YS, Liu WC, Chiu HW. Oxidative stress and potential effects of metal nanoparticles: A review of biocompatibility and toxicity concerns. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123617. [PMID: 38395133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties, driving diverse applications across packaging, biomedicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. However, the potential health risks associated with M-NPs must not be disregarded. M-NPs' ability to accumulate in organs and traverse the blood-brain barrier poses potential health threats to animals, humans, and the environment. The interaction between M-NPs and various cellular components, including DNA, multiple proteins, and mitochondria, triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing several cellular activities. These interactions have been linked to various effects, such as protein alterations, the buildup of M-NPs in the Golgi apparatus, heightened lysosomal hydrolases, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, cell membrane impairment, cytoplasmic disruption, and fluctuations in ATP levels. Despite the evident advantages M-NPs offer in diverse applications, gaps in understanding their biocompatibility and toxicity necessitate further research. This review provides an updated assessment of M-NPs' pros and cons across different applications, emphasizing associated hazards and potential toxicity. To ensure the responsible and safe use of M-NPs, comprehensive research is conducted to fully grasp the potential impact of these nanoparticles on both human health and the environment. By delving into their intricate interactions with biological systems, we can navigate the delicate balance between harnessing the benefits of M-NPs and minimizing potential risks. Further exploration will pave the way for informed decision-making, leading to the conscientious development of these nanomaterials and safeguarding the well-being of society and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City, 320, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan; Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, 928, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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4
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Malheiro C, Prodana M, Cardoso DN, Soares AMVM, Morgado RG, Loureiro S. Soil habitat function after innovative nanoagriproducts application: Effect of ageing on the avoidance behaviour of the soil invertebrates Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165955. [PMID: 37536601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on nanotechnology with applications in agriculture has been gathering attention because it may achieve a good balance between agricultural production and environmental integrity. Among the vast nanomaterials, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a promising solution for supplying crops with macro- and/or micronutrients. Still, little is known about their safety implications for non-target organisms, such as soil invertebrates. The habitat function of soils might be impacted by potential stressors, which can be assessed through avoidance behaviour tests. This study aimed to assess the effect of two innovative agriproducts, Zn-Al-NO3 LDH and Mg-Al-NO3 LDH, on the avoidance behaviour of the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus and the collembolan Folsomia candida, over time. Simultaneously, Zn and Mg potential release from LDHs to soil was evaluated. Overall, the behaviour of soil invertebrates differed between species, with enchytraeids being more sensitive to LDHs-treated soils than collembolans, possibly explained by their different physiological traits. The behaviour of soil organisms also depended on the LDH structural composition and was time-variable. Soil treated with Zn-Al-NO3 LDH was perceived as less favourable compared to Mg-Al-NO3 LDH, which was preferred to clean soil at most tested concentrations. LDHs toxicity was partly, but not exclusively, related to Zn and Mg release. Cations release over time was demonstrated in the chemical assessment. Still, LDHs toxicity to soil invertebrates decreased as increasing AC50 values were derived over time. Slower dissolution over time might explain the decrease in toxicity. Our study demonstrates that both soil invertebrates could sense LDHs in soil and eventually adapt their behaviour by avoiding or preferring, according to the type and level of LDH present.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Malheiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Prodana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D N Cardoso
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R G Morgado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Loureiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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5
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Eskin A, Nurullahoğlu ZU. Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the hemocyte count and hemocyte-mediated immune responses of the Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1176-1186. [PMID: 36330702 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2139842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of different doses (100, 500, 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the total hemocyte count and hemocyte-mediated immune responses of the Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The results showed that NPs caused a decrease in hemocyte count at 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm doses. To investigate the effects of ZnO NPs on the encapsulation and melanization response of G. mellonella, the pre-dyed Sephadex chromatography beads were injected into the hemolymph of each last-instar larva. Larvae were dissected in the 4th and 24th hours after the injection. The level of the encapsulation response and melanization status around the beads were determined under microscopy. The analyses of the beads injected into the insects as encapsulation targets revealed that the number of weakly encapsulated beads increased significantly at 100, 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm doses when compared to the control group after a short (4-h) post-injection. The number of melanized beads increased significantly at 100, 1000, and 3000 ppm doses in comparison to the control group after the short (4-h) post-injection. Finally, the number of melanized beads decreased significantly at 1000 and 5000 ppm doses when compared to the control group after the long-term (24-h) post-injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Eskin
- Crop and Animal Production Department, Avanos Vocational School of Fine Arts, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Avanos, Turkey
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6
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Daniel AI, Keyster M, Klein A. Biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles: A viable agricultural tool to control plant pathogenic fungi and its potential effects on soil and plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165483. [PMID: 37442458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal and bacterial pathogens represent some of the greatest challenges facing crop production globally and account for about 20-40 % crop losses annually. This review highlights the use of ZnO NPs as antimicrobial agents and explores their mechanisms of actions against disease causing plant fungal pathogens. The behavior of ZnO NPs in soil and their interactions with the soil components were also highlighted. The review discusses the potential effects of ZnO NPs on plants and their mechanisms of action on plants and how these mechanisms are related to their physicochemical properties. In addition, the reduction of ZnO NPs toxicity through surface modification and coating with silica is also addressed. Soil properties play a significant role in the dispersal, aggregation, stability, bioavailability, and transport of ZnO NPs and their release into the soil. The transport of ZnO NPs into the soil might influence soil components and, as a result, plant physiology. The harmful effects of ZnO NPs on plants and fungi are caused by a variety of processes, the most important of which is the formation of reactive oxygen species, lysosomal instability, DNA damage, and the reduction of oxidative stress by direct penetration/liberation of Zn2+ ions in plant/fungal cells. Based on these highlighted areas, this review concludes that ZnO NPs exhibit its antifungal activity via generations of reactive oxygen species, coupled with the inhibition of various metabolic pathways. Despite the numerous advantages of ZnO NPs, there is need to regulate its uses to minimize the harmful effects that may arise from its applications in the soil and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Innalegwu Daniel
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
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Swain PS, Rajendran D, Rao SBN, Gowda NKS, Krishnamoorthy P, Mondal S, Mor A, Selvaraju S. Nano Zinc Supplementation Affects Immunity, Hormonal Profile, Hepatic Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) Gene Expression and Vital Organ Histology in Wister Albino Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2416-2426. [PMID: 35876946 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess nano zinc (ZnN) as a feed supplement with an aim to compare the supplemental dose of inorganic zinc (ZnI). ZnN was synthesized from 0.45 molar (M) zinc nitrate [Zn(NO3)2.6H2O] and 0.9 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and was confirmed to be of ZnN by TEM-EDAX measurements. Wister albino rats (rats; 84, 53.6 ± 0.65 g) were divided into seven groups (4 replicate with 3 rats each) and given feed supplemented with zinc for 60 days with either of the following diets: (1) normal control (NC): basal diet (BD) + no supplemental Zn; (2) ZnI-25: BD + 25 mg/kg Zn from inorganic ZnO; (3) ZnN-25: BD + 25 mg/kg of ZnN; (4) ZnN-12.5: BD + 12.5 mg/kg of ZnN; (5) ZnN-6.25: BD + 6.25 mg/kg of ZnN; (6) ZnN-3.125: BD + 3.125 mg/kg of ZnN; (7) ZnN-50: BD + 50 mg/kg of ZnN. T3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) hormone levels were similar among groups (P > 0.05), whereas T4 and testosterone were significantly affected, based on supplemented dose. Zn supplementation improved both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. However, both cell-mediated immunity at 24 h and humoral immunity were statistically similar in ZnI-25 and ZnN-6.25 groups. Superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression was found to be similar in all experimental groups. The vascular degeneration were found in liver tissues moderately in NC, mildly in ZnN-6.25 and ZnN-3.125 groups, and no observable changes were noticed in kidney and spleen tissues. However, there was a mild damage in intestinal epithelium of ZnN-25 group rats, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and moderate damage in intestinal villi were observed in ZnN-50 group rats. From the study, it can be concluded that ZnN at half the dose of ZnI showed similar or better responses in terms of immunity, SOD-1 expression, hormonal profiles, and the tissue architecture of vital organs in rats, i.e., 25 mg/kg of Zn from ZnI and 12.5 mg/kg of ZnN impacted similar biological responses like immunity, SOD-1 expression, hormonal profiles, and the tissue architecture of vital organs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Swain
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Fisheries and Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Odisha, Baranga, Cuttack, India
| | - D Rajendran
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India.
| | - S B N Rao
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - N K S Gowda
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - P Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - S Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - A Mor
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - S Selvaraju
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
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Papa G, Power K, Forestieri B, Capitani G, Maiolino P, Negri I. Effects of oral exposure to brake wear particulate matter on the springtail Orthonychiurus folsomi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121659. [PMID: 37080517 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the heavy metals in urban environments derives from road traffic, particularly from tyres and brake wear (non-exhaust emission sources). These pollutants contaminate the soil, where several organisms have a primary ecosystem role (e.g., springtails, ants, earthworms). Springtails (Collembola) are soil-dwelling animals regulating soil fertility, flow of energy through above- and below-ground food webs, and they contribute to soil microbial community dispersion and biodiversity maintenance. In this study we investigated the ecotoxicological effects of oral exposure to particles emitted from brake pads and cast-iron brake discs in the euedaphic collembola species Orthonychiurus folsomi under laboratory conditions. Our results showed that chronic exposure to brake wear particles can have sub-lethal effects both at low and high concentrations and it can cause histological alterations. Here, SEM-EDX was applied to observe the particulate and we found its chemical markers in the gut and faeces of collembola, while histological analysis detected alterations of the digestive and reproductive systems and of the abdominal fat body at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Papa
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production DI.PRO.VE.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy; Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Turin, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Bartolo Forestieri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production DI.PRO.VE.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Capitani
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, Università Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Negri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production DI.PRO.VE.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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Lahive E, Matzke M, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ, Pouran H, Zhang H, Lawlor A, Glória Pereira M, Lofts S. Soil properties influence the toxicity and availability of Zn from ZnO nanoparticles to earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120907. [PMID: 36586557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To develop models that support site-specific risk assessment for nanoparticles (NPs), a better understanding of how NP transformation processes, bioavailability and toxicity are influenced by soil properties is needed. In this study, the influence of differing soil properties on the bioavailability and toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and ionic Zn to the earthworm Eisenia fetida was investigated. Earthworms were exposed to ZnO_NPs and ionic Zn, between 100 and 4400 mg Zn/kg, in four different natural soils (organic matter content: 1.8-16.7%, soil pH: 5.4-8.3, representing sandy loam to calcareous soils). Survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 and 56 days, respectively. Zn concentrations in soil pore waters were measured while labile concentrations of Zn were measured using an in-situ dynamic speciation technique (diffusive gradient in thin films, DGT). Earthworm Zn tissue concentrations were also measured. Soil properties influenced earthworm reproduction between soil controls, with highest reproductive output in soils with pH values of 6-7. Toxicity was also influenced by soil properties, with EC50s based on total Zn in soil ranging from 694 to >2200 mg Zn/kg for ZnO_NP and 277-734 mg Zn/kg for ionic Zn. Soil pore water and DGT measurements showed good agreement in the relative amount of Zn extracted across the four soils. Earthworms exposed to ZnO_NPs survived higher Zn concentrations in the soils and had higher tissue concentrations compared with ionic Zn exposures, particularly in the high organic content calcareous soil. These higher tissue concentrations in ZnO_NP exposed earthworm could have consequences for the persistence and trophic mobility of Zn in terrestrial systems and need to be further investigated to elucidate if there any longer-term risks associated with sustained input of ZnO_NP to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lahive
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
| | - M Matzke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - C Svendsen
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - D J Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - H Pouran
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
| | - H Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Lawlor
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Glória Pereira
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - S Lofts
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Microbial Polysaccharide Overlaid Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Selenium Nanowire. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and selenium nanowires (Se NWs) using microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a mediator and then examine their antibacterial and ecotoxicity effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. At 100 µg/mL, EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs all exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial properties, drastically inhibiting the development of aquatic Gram(-) pathogens. In addition, antibiofilm studies using a microscope revealed that EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs at 75 µg/mL prevented biofilm development. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity was carried out via Danio rerio embryos and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. Danio rerio embryos were determined at different time intervals (6 hpf, 12 hpf, 24 hpf and 48 hpf). The maximum survival rate (100%) was obtained in a control group. Correspondingly, EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs and EPS-Se NWs treated embryos showed a considerable survival rate with 93.3%, 86.7% and 77.2%, respectively, at 100 µg/mL for 48 hpf. The total mortality of C. cornuta was seen at 100 µg/mL, with 56.7% in EPS, 60.0% in EPS-ZnO NPs, and 70.0% in EPS-Se NWs. For C. cornuta, the LC50 values for EPS, EPS-ZnO NPs, and EPS-Se NWs were 90.32, 81.99, and 62.99 µg/mL, respectively. Under a microscope, morphological alterations in C. cornuta were analyzed. After 24 h, an amount of dark substance was seen in the guts of C. cornuta exposed to 100 µg/mL, but in the control group, all of the living C. cornuta were swimming as usual. Our results show that EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs were less harmful than EPS-Se NWs, and that they were successfully employed to shield freshwater crustaceans from the toxins in aquatic environments.
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Li M, Ruan LY, Dang F, Liu HL, Zhou DM, Yin B, Wang JS. Metabolic response of earthworms (Pheretima guillemi) to silver nanoparticles in sludge-amended soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118954. [PMID: 35122920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enter soils via the application of sludge and pose risks to soil invertebrates. However, current knowledge regarding the toxicity of AgNPs at environmentally relevant concentration is insufficient, especially at the molecular level. Therefore, we examined the effects of low-level AgNPs (7.2 mg kg-1, dry weight) on the bioaccumulation, pathology and metabolism of earthworms (Pheretima guillemi). After exposure for 28 d, earthworms were dissected into digestive system and the rest of the body to explore the response of different body parts to AgNPs. Ag concentration in the digestive system of exposed group (2.5 mg kg-1, dry weight) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.5 mg kg-1, dry weight). AgNPs exposure had no significant effects on the survival and growth, but induced intestinal damage and metabolic interference to earthworms relative to the control. Metabolomics analysis showed that AgNPs exposure disturbed the glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and energy metabolism in the digestive system and the energy metabolism in the rest of the body. AgNPs exposure also induced lipid peroxidation in the digestive system. The different metabolic responses between two body parts highlighted the importance of the uptake routes of Ag. These results provide a biochemical insight for the risk assessment of low-level AgNPs in terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Fei Dang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
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12
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Guimarães B, Gomes SIL, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Impacts of Longer-Term Exposure to AuNPs on Two Soil Ecotoxicological Model Species. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040153. [PMID: 35448414 PMCID: PMC9032579 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The production, use and disposal of nanoparticles (NPs) has been increasing continuously. Due to its unique properties, such as a high resistance to oxidation, gold NPs (AuNPs) are persistent in the environment, including the terrestrial, one of the major sinks of NPs. The present study aimed to assess the effects of AuNPs (from 10 to 1000 mg/kg) on two OECD standard ecotoxicological soil model species, Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida, based on the reproduction test (28 days) and on a longer-term exposure (56 days), and survival, reproduction, and size were assessed. AuNPs caused no significant hazard to F. candida, but for E. crypticus the lowest tested concentrations (10 and 100 mg AuNPs/kg) reduced reproduction. Further, AuNPs’ toxicity increased from the 28th to the 56th day mainly to F. candida, as observed in animals’ size reduction. Therefore, longer-term exposure tests are recommended as these often reveal increased hazards, not predicted when based on shorter exposures. Additionally, special attention should be given to the higher hazard of low concentrations of NPs, compared to higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guimarães
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.G.); (S.I.L.G.)
| | - Susana I. L. Gomes
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.G.); (S.I.L.G.)
| | - Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, P.O. Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;
| | - Mónica J. B. Amorim
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.G.); (S.I.L.G.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Huang H, Chen J, Liu S, Pu S. Impact of ZnO nanoparticles on soil lead bioavailability and microbial properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150299. [PMID: 34610563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the responses of microbial respiration and community structure, enzyme activity and DTPA-extractable Pb within 60 days of incubation in soils treated with Pb and nano-ZnO. The results showed that when the concentration of nano-ZnO exceeded 10 mg/kg, the concentration of DTPA-extractable Pb significantly decreased by 10.6%-21.3% on the 60th day of the experiment. The addition of nano-ZnO decreased the Pb-contaminated soil pH from 6.18 to 6.08 at 7 days, which is part of the reason for the β-glucosidase activity change. Ten mg/kg nano-ZnO significantly reduced the qCO2 value, which represented the microbial energy demand for the conversion of carbon sources into biomass. Nano-ZnO improved the microbial diversity and richness of some metal-tolerant bacteria at 60 days. The findings provide deeper insight into the responses of soil microbes and Pb bioavailability in the presence of nano-ZnO particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shibin Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China.
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14
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Kalwani M, Chakdar H, Srivastava A, Pabbi S, Shukla P. Effects of nanofertilizers on soil and plant-associated microbial communities: Emerging trends and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132107. [PMID: 34492409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern agricultural practices are relying excessively upon the use of synthetic fertilizers to supply essential nutrients to promote crop productivity. Though useful in the short term, their prolonged and persistent applications are harmful to soil fertility and nutrient dynamics of the rhizospheric microbiome. The application of nanotechnology in form of nanofertilizer provides an innovative, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers. The nanofertilizers allow a slow and sustained release of nutrients that not only supports plant growth but also conserve the diversity of the beneficial microbiome. Such attributes may help the phytomicrobiome to efficiently mitigate both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Unfortunately, despite, exceptional efficiency and ease of applications, certain limitations are also associated with the nanofertilizers such as their complicated production process, tenuous transport and dosage-sensitive efficiency. These bottlenecks are causing a delay in the large-scale applications of nanofertilizers in agriculture. This review aims to highlight the current trends and perspectives on the use of nanofertilizers for improving soil fertility with a special focus on their effects on beneficial phyromicrobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohneesh Kalwani
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India; Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae (CCUBGA), Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India; Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India.
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15
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Renaud M, El Morabet H, Reis F, da Silva PM, Siciliano SD, Sousa JP, Natal-da-Luz T. Are structural and functional endpoints of soil communities similarly affected by metal mixtures? - A terrestrial model ecosystem approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148909. [PMID: 34328934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soils are habitat to a variety of flora and fauna in a linked ecosystem which provides essential ecosystem services. In soil, metals can accumulate at high concentrations, because of anthropogenic activities, leading to toxic effects, threatening the ecosystem and the services it provides. In most real-world contamination scenarios, metals occur as complex mixtures which can interact and produce different toxicity than predicted from individual metal data. Current regulatory guidelines are based on single species responses to individual metals and ignore indirect effects inherent to the inter-linked nature of ecosystems. Also, the evaluation of anthropogenic impacts to the soil communities is usually measured through structural endpoints (e.g. abundance) disregarding functional measurements (e.g. organic matter decomposition rates), which are often seen as tightly related, and thus, similarly affected. In this study we tested three mixture ratios of five metal oxides (lead, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt) at three dose levels (Low, Med, High) in a terrestrial model ecosystem experiment and measured structural and functional endpoints. Exposure to metal mixtures for 16 weeks did not affect the microarthropod community, but produced severe effects on soil microbial activity (PNR and DHA) reducing activity below 50% compared to control levels, in all dosed treatments. Metal contamination also significantly affected feeding activity and organic matter decomposition, but effects were not as pronounced as on microbial activity. Data suggest that, in the risk assessment of metals and their mixtures, effects on ecosystem structure and functions must be considered to provide adequate environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Renaud
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Hamza El Morabet
- University of Vigo, Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Vigo, Spain
| | - Filipa Reis
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martins da Silva
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Sousa
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Sheteiwy MS, Shaghaleh H, Hamoud YA, Holford P, Shao H, Qi W, Hashmi MZ, Wu T. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: potential effects on soil properties, crop production, food processing, and food quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36942-36966. [PMID: 34043175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is expected to increase soil fertility, crop productivity, and food quality. However, the potential effects of ZnO NP utilization should be deeply understood. This review highlights the behavior of ZnO NPs in soil and their interactions with the soil components. The review discusses the potential effects of ZnO NPs on plants and their mechanisms of action on plants and how these mechanisms are related to their physicochemical properties. The impact of current applications of ZnO NPs in the food industry is also discussed. Based on the literature reviewed, soil properties play a vital role in dispersing, aggregation, stability, bioavailability, and transport of ZnO NPs and their release into the soil. The transfer of ZnO NPs into the soil can affect the soil components, and subsequently, the structure of plants. The toxic effects of ZnO NPs on plants and microbes are caused by various mechanisms, mainly through the generation of reactive oxygen species, lysosomal destabilization, DNA damage, and the reduction of oxidative stress through direct penetration/liberation of Zn2+ ions in plant/microbe cells. The integration of ZnO NPs in food processing improves the properties of the relative ZnO NP-based nano-sensing, active packing, and food/feed bioactive ingredients delivery systems, leading to better food quality and safety. The unregulated/unsafe discharge concentrations of ZnO NPs into the soil, edible plant tissues, and processed foods raise environmental/safety concerns and adverse effects. Therefore, the safety issues related to ZnO NP applications in the soil, plants, and food are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, NSW, 2751, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Weicong Qi
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | | | - Tianow Wu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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17
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Fungus Aspergillus niger Processes Exogenous Zinc Nanoparticles into a Biogenic Oxalate Mineral. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040210. [PMID: 33049947 PMCID: PMC7712133 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) belong to the most widely used nanoparticles in both commercial products and industrial applications. Hence, they are frequently released into the environment. Soil fungi can affect the mobilization of zinc from ZnO NPs in soils, and thus they can heavily influence the mobility and bioavailability of zinc there. Therefore, ubiquitous soil fungus Aspergillus niger was selected as a test organism to evaluate the fungal interaction with ZnO NPs. As anticipated, the A. niger strain significantly affected the stability of particulate forms of ZnO due to the acidification of its environment. The influence of ZnO NPs on fungus was compared to the aqueous Zn cations and to bulk ZnO as well. Bulk ZnO had the least effect on fungal growth, while the response of A. niger to ZnO NPs was comparable with ionic zinc. Our results have shown that soil fungus can efficiently bioaccumulate Zn that was bioextracted from ZnO. Furthermore, it influences Zn bioavailability to plants by ZnO NPs transformation to stable biogenic minerals. Hence, a newly formed biogenic mineral phase of zinc oxalate was identified after the experiment with A. niger strain’s extracellular metabolites highlighting the fungal significance in zinc biogeochemistry.
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18
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Hassan S, Hassan FU, Rehman MSU. Nano-particles of Trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition: Potential Applications and Future Prospects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:591-612. [PMID: 31473896 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nano-technology is an emerging technology with tremendous potential and diverse applications in human health, agriculture, and animal nutrition. It also offers potential advantages in supporting research in many areas of life sciences. Nano-technology has many vital biological applications as living systems depend on many nano-scale objects like proteins, DNA, and enzymes. Trace minerals are normally used in very minute quantity in animal nutrition but issues like lower bioavailability, antagonism, and higher excretion rates from body limit their efficiency. Nano-technology offers opportunity to mediate these issues as nano-particles possess different physical and chemical properties than other forms of minerals. Nano-particles possess higher physical activity and chemical neutrality. Bioavailability can be enhanced by increasing the surface area of respective minerals by making their nano-particles. Owing to potential advantages of nano-particles, interest in exploring their potential use and efficacy in animal production has increased significantly in this decade. Although limited literature is available regarding potential effects of nano-particles in poultry nutrition, still some convincing evidences have suggested the feeding of trace minerals (zinc, copper, silver, selenium, iron, chromium, and manganese) in the diets of broilers, layers, turkeys, quails, etc. Excellent antimicrobial activities of nano-particles of Ag, Cu, and Zn, against key poultry pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter, indicate their potential for effective use in poultry production. Recent studies have also demonstrated modulation of gut health by nano-particle through increasing abundance of beneficial microbes (Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium) and production of short-chain fatty acids. This review aims to provide insights on absorption, metabolism, and distribution of nano-minerals in the body. Moreover, potential applications and various aspects of using nano-trace minerals in different poultry species with potential effects on performance and health of birds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saif-Ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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19
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Fajana HO, Jegede OO, James K, Hogan NS, Siciliano SD. Uptake, toxicity, and maternal transfer of cadmium in the oribatid soil mite, Oppia nitens: Implication in the risk assessment of cadmium to soil invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113912. [PMID: 31931414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal of concern in contaminated sites because of its high toxicity to soil biota and humans. Typically, Cd exposure is thought to be dominated by dissolved Cd in soil pore water and, thus, dermal uptake. In this study, we investigated the uptake, toxicity, and maternal transfer of Cd in a standard soil invertebrate, the oribatid mite (Oppia nitens), which is common to boreal and temperate ecozones. We found total soil Cd predicted Cd uptake in adult and juvenile O. nitens with no significant uptake from pore water by juvenile mites. Cadmium significantly inhibited juvenile production and recruitment as well as reduced adult fecundity. Adult O. nitens maternally transferred 39-52% of their Cd body burden to juveniles (tritonymphs) while the maternally-acquired Cd accounted for 41% of the juvenile internal Cd load. Our results suggest that dermal adsorption of metal ions is not important for O. nitens and that maternal transfer of Cd in soil invertebrates has ecological and toxicological implications for populations of soil invertebrates. Maternal transfer should be incorporated as a criterion in setting environmental soil quality guidelines (SQGE) for cadmium and other non-essential heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Kyle James
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Natacha S Hogan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada.
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20
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Renaud M, Cousins M, Awuah KF, Jegede O, Hale B, Sousa JP, Siciliano SD. Metal oxides and annealed metals as alternatives to metal salts for fixed-ratio metal mixture ecotoxicity tests in soil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229794. [PMID: 32134972 PMCID: PMC7058289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In soil metal ecotoxicology research, dosing is usually performed with metal salts, followed by leaching to remove excess salinity. This process also removes some metals, affecting metal mixture ratios as different metals are removed by leaching at different rates. Consequently, alternative dosing methods must be considered for fixed ratio metal mixture research. In this study three different metal mixture dosing methods (nitrate, oxide and annealed metal dosing) were examined for metal concentrations and toxicity. In the nitrate metal dosing method leaching reduced total metal retention and was affected by soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Acidic soils 3.22 (pH 3.4, CEC 8 meq/100g) and WTRS (pH 4.6, CEC 16 meq/100g) lost more than 75 and 64% of their total metals to leaching respectively while Elora (6.7 pH, CEC 21 meq/100g) and KUBC (pH 5.6, CEC 28 meq/100g) with higher pH and CEC only lost 13.6% and 12.2% total metals respectively. Metal losses were highest for Ni, Zn and Co (46.0%, 63.7% and 48.4% metal loss respectively) whereas Pb and Cu (5.6% and 20.0% metal loss respectively) were mostly retained, affecting mixture ratios. Comparatively, oxide and annealed metal dosing which do not require leaching had higher total metal concentrations, closer to nominal doses and maintained better mixture ratios (percent of nominal concentrations for the oxide metal dosing were Pb = 109.9%, Cu = 84.6%, Ni = 101.9%, Zn = 82.3% and Co = 97.8% and for the annealed metal dosing were Pb = 81.7%, Cu = 80.3%, Ni = 100.5%, Zn = 89.2% and Co = 101.3%). Relative to their total metal concentrations, nitrate metal dosing (lowest metal concentrations) was the most toxic followed by metal oxides dosing while the annealed dosing method was generally non-toxic. Due to the lack of toxicity of the annealed metals and their higher dosing effort, metal oxides, are the most appropriate of the tested dosing methods, for fixed-ratio metal mixtures studies with soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Renaud
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Cousins
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kobby Fred Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Olukayode Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Beverley Hale
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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García-Gómez C, García S, Obrador A, Almendros P, González D, Fernández MD. Effect of ageing of bare and coated nanoparticles of zinc oxide applied to soil on the Zn behaviour and toxicity to fish cells due to transfer from soil to water bodies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135713. [PMID: 31791765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of ageing of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) applied to soil on the potential availability and chemical speciation of Zn, and also of their toxicity to aquatic organisms due to transfer of contaminants from soil to water. To this end, soil samples were spiked with two types of bare nanoparticles: b1ZnO NPs (rod- and elongated-shaped) and b2ZnO NPs (near-spherical shaped) and ZnO NPs coated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (cZnO NPs) within the 0-800 mg Zn kg-1 soil dose range, and were left to age for 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. The available concentration and speciation of Zn in soil were determined by the DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) technique and sequential extraction procedures, respectively. The toxicity of the aqueous extracts from the ZnO NP-treated soils was assessed in vitro in established fish cell lines (RTG-2). The highest distribution percentages of the applied Zn occurred in the organically complexed (OC), followed by the exchangeable (EXC) fraction, for all NP types, applied doses and incubation times. The toxicity of NPs depended on their intrinsic properties: b1ZnO NPs affected the membrane function, reductase enzyme activity and, to a lesser extent, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of fish cells, whereas b2ZnO NPs and cZnO NPs affected mainly ROS generation. Ageing increased Zn soil availability, but toxicity to fish cells showed no trend over time. The particle dissolution of ZnO NPs did not explain the observed toxicity, hence a nanoparticles-specific effect should be assumed. The findings of this study seem to indicate that the transfer of ZnO NP from contaminated soils to aquatic ecosystems should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción García-Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Environment Department, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sandra García
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Environment Department, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Obrador
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Patricia Almendros
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Demetrio González
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Environment Department, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Faizan M, Hayat S, Pichtel J. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Crop Plants: A Perspective Analysis. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 41 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33996-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Oleszczuk P, Czech B, Kończak M, Bogusz A, Siatecka A, Godlewska P, Wiesner M. Impact of ZnO and ZnS nanoparticles in sewage sludge-amended soil on bacteria, plant and invertebrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124359. [PMID: 31394455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) on the toxicity of sewage sludges in sewage sludge-amended soils was investigated with respect to plant- (Lepidium sativum) and soil- (Folsomia candida) species. The toxicity of porewater obtained from the tested soils towards Vibrio fischeri (Microtox®) was also investigated. Two sewage sludges (SSL1 and SSL2) with different organic matter content were amended with nanoparticles. Depending on the type of biotest and the type of sewage sludge, different effects of ZnO or ZnS NPs on the toxicity of sewage sludge-amended soil were observed. In general, ZnO and ZnS NPs stimulated root growth for SSL1 or reduced the harmful impact of SSL2 on the root growth of L. sativum roots. Greater stimulation or inhibition of root growth was observed for the ZnO than ZnS NPs. The unfavorable effect of ZnO/ZnS NPs on F. candida mortality and reproduction was observed at a concentration of ZnO/ZnS in sewage sludge ≥250 mg/kg. Generally, there were no significant differences between ZnO and ZnS NPs toxicity towards F. candida. Aging for 45 days of sewage sludge-amended soil containing NPs affected ZnO and ZnS NPs toxicity to all tested organisms. In the most cases, the toxicity decreased after 45 days of aging for plant (L. sativum) and invertebrates (F. candida). The toxicity of porewater to V. fischeri from sewage sludge-amended soil contains ZnO NPs did not change, while in the case of ZnS NPs, the toxicity increased after 45 days of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nano Technology (CEINT), Duke University, Box 90287, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Bożena Czech
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kończak
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 2cd Kraśnicka Ave, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bogusz
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, ul. Krucza 5/11D, 00-548 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Siatecka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mark Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nano Technology (CEINT), Duke University, Box 90287, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Zhou C, Wu Z, Hou H. The toxicity thresholds of metal(loid)s to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida-A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:632-645. [PMID: 31132559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of metals in soil have posed a serious threat to the soil environment. The control and evaluation of soil metal hazards demand the establishment of soil ecological criteria, which is mainly based on the obtainment of toxicity thresholds. As the most typical representative of soil-dwelling springtails, Folsomia candida performs numerous essential ecological functions in soil and has been extensively used to investigate metal toxicity effects and thresholds. This review outlined the current state of knowledge on the metal toxicity thresholds to Folsomia candida, including (1) toxicity thresholds of soil metals for the different endpoints, (2) the influence factors of metal toxicity thresholds including the test conditions, the chemical forms of metal, the soil physicochemical properties, aging time and leaching, (3) the bioavailable fractions predicting metal toxicity thresholds, (4) the internal threshold of metals. To conclude, several recommendations for future research are given to obtain the more reliable toxicity thresholds and further supplement the toxicity data of metals to Folsomia candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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25
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Zhang P, Misra S, Guo Z, Rehkämper M, Valsami-Jones E. Stable isotope labeling of metal/metal oxide nanomaterials for environmental and biological tracing. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2878-2899. [PMID: 31515516 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) are often compositionally indistinguishable from their natural counterparts, and thus their tracking in the environment or within the biota requires the development of appropriate labeling tools. Stable isotope labeling has become a well-established such tool, developed to assign 'ownership' or a 'source' to engineered NMs, enabling their tracing and quantification, especially in complex environments. A particular methodological challenge for stable isotope labeling is to ensure that the label is traceable in a range of environmental or biological scenarios but does not induce modification of the properties of the NM or lose its signal, thus retaining realism and relevance. This protocol describes a strategy for stable isotope labeling of several widely used metal and metal oxide NMs, namely ZnO, CuO, Ag, and TiO2, using isotopically enriched precursors, namely 67Zn or 68Zn metal, 65CuCl2, 107Ag or 109Ag metal, and 47TiO2 powder. A complete synthesis requires 1-8 d, depending on the type of NM, the precursors used, and the synthesis methods adopted. The physicochemical properties of the labeled particles are determined by optical, diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques for quality control. The procedures for tracing the labels in aquatic (snail and mussel) and terrestrial (earthworm) organisms and for monitoring the environmental transformation of labeled silver (Ag) NMs are also described. We envision that this labeling strategy will be adopted by industry to facilitate applications such as nanosafety assessments before NMs enter the market and environment, as well as for product authentication and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Superb Misra
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Rehkämper
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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26
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Świątek ZM, Bednarska AJ. Energy reserves and respiration rate in the earthworm Eisenia andrei after exposure to zinc in nanoparticle or ionic form. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24933-24945. [PMID: 31243653 PMCID: PMC6689315 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The energy budget is an indicator of an organism's overall condition. Changes in energy reserves and/or energy consumption have been used as biomarkers of toxic stress. To understand the effects of different forms and concentrations of Zn and the costs of effective Zn regulation by the earthworm Eisenia andrei, we performed a toxicokinetic experiment in which individuals were sampled over time to determine the available energy reserves (total carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content), energy consumption (measured at the cellular level and as the whole-animal respiration rate), and internal Zn concentration. The earthworms were exposed to ZnCl2 or zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in Lufa 2.2 soil for 21 days (contamination phase), followed by 14 days of elimination in clean soil (decontamination phase). Carbohydrates were the only energy reserves with significantly lower levels following ZnO-NP 1000 treatment than following other treatments (p ≤ 0.00001) in the contamination phase. The total available energy reserves and protein content did not differ among treatments, but a significant effect of exposure time was observed (p ≤ 0.0001). Exposure to Zn (both ions and NPs) increased energy consumption at the cellular level, reflecting the high energy demand of the stress response. The results indicated that E. andrei can regulate internal Zn concentrations efficiently, regardless of form or concentration, without considerable impact on energy reserves or respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Świątek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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27
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He E, Qiu H, Huang X, Van Gestel CAM, Qiu R. Different dynamic accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and ionic Zn in the soil sentinel organism Enchytraeus crypticus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:510-518. [PMID: 30458381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is still no consensus over the specific effects of metal-based nanoparticles when compared with the conventional metal salts. Here, the accumulation and toxicity of ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2 in Enchytraeus crypticus over time (1-14 d) were investigated using a sand-solution exposure medium and applying a toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics approach. For both Zn forms, body Zn concentration in the organisms was dependent on both the exposure concentration and exposure time, with equilibrium being reached after 7-14 days of exposure. Generally, the uptake and elimination rate constants (Ku and Ke1) were smaller for ZnO-NPs (5.74-12.6 mg kg-1d-1 and 0.17-0.39 d-1) than for ZnCl2 (8.32-40.1 mg kg-1d-1 and 0.31-2.05 d-1), suggesting that ionic Zn was more accessible for E. crypticus than nanoparticulate Zn. Based on external exposure concentrations, LC50s for ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2 decreased with time from 123 to 67 Zn mg L-1 and from 86 to 62 Zn mg L-1, reaching an almost similar ultimate value within 14 d. LC50s based on body Zn concentrations were almost constant over time (except for 1 d) for both ZnO-NPs and ZnCl2, with overall LC50body of Zn being 1720 and 1306 mg kg-1 dry body weight, respectively. Body Zn concentration, which considers all available pathways, was a good predictor of dynamic toxicity of ZnCl2, but not for ZnO-NPs. This may be attributed to the specific internal distribution and detoxification mechanisms of ZnO-NPs. The particles from ZnO-NPs dominated the accumulation (>75%) and toxicity (∼100%). Our results suggest that dynamic aspects should be taken into account when assessing and comparing NPs and metals uptake and consequent patterns of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xueyin Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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28
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Rajput V, Minkina T, Fedorenko A, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Lysenko V, Duplii N, Fedorenko G, Dvadnenko K, Ghazaryan K. Toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles on spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1103-1113. [PMID: 30248835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) production and its abundant uses in many industries, and increasing release into an environment from both intentional and unintentional sources, create risks to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum), one of the most important staple food crop. Thereby, the aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxicity of CuO NPs on H. sativum growth in hydroponic system. The CuO NPs inhibited H. sativum growth by affecting the germination rate, root and shoot lengths, maximal quantum yield of photosystem II, and transpiration rate. Structural and ultrastructural examination of H. sativum tissues using light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed effects on stomatal aperture and root morphology, metaxylem size and changes in cellular organelles (plastids, mitochondria), as well as in plastoglobules, starch granules, protoplasm, and membranes. The formation of electron-dense materials was noted in the intercellular space of cells of CuO NPs-treated plants. In addition, relative root length was one-third (35%) that of the control, and relative shoot length (10%) was also reduced. Further, the Cu content of roots and leaves of CuO NPs-treated plants was 5.7 and 6.4-folds higher than the control (without CuO NPs), respectively. Presented data were significant at p ≤ 0.05 compared to control. Conclusively, the results provide insights into our understanding of CuO NPs toxicity on H. sativum, and findings could be used for developing strategies for safe disposal of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Alexey Fedorenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lysenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Duplii
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Grigory Fedorenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia; Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Konstantin Dvadnenko
- Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Karen Ghazaryan
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
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29
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Hrács K, Sávoly Z, Seres A, Kiss LV, Papp IZ, Kukovecz Á, Záray G, Nagy P. Toxicity and uptake of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO in nematodes with different life strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1058-1068. [PMID: 29961159 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number and quantity of nanomaterials released in the environment, our knowledge on their bioavailability and possible toxicity to organisms is rather limited. Thus, we know quite little about sensitivity of various nematode feeding types and life strategies to treatments with nano metal oxides. The toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) (with a particle size of 25 nm) and the bulk counterpart was investigated in two free-living nematode species of different life strategies: Xiphinema vuittenezi, a K-strategist plant-feeder nematode and Panagrellus redivivus, an r-strategist bacterivor nematode. The internal zinc concentration and the concentration of minor and trace elements were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Concentration-dependent mortality in both nematode species was observed following a 24-h exposure both to nano-ZnO and bulk ZnO. The zinc concentration of the treating suspension had a significant effect on the internal zinc content of the animals in both cases. Particle size did not influence the internal zinc content. Our results show that nano and bulk ZnO have a similar dose-response effect on mortality of the bacterivor P. redivivus. In contrast, the nano-ZnO has stronger toxic effect on the mortality of X. vuittenezi. In general, X. vuittenezi did not react more sensitively to the treatments than P. redivivus, but appeared sensitive to the nano-ZnO treatment compared to bulk ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Hrács
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., Gödöllo, H-2100, Hungary.
| | | | - Anikó Seres
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., Gödöllo, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Lola Virág Kiss
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., Gödöllo, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Zita Papp
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gyula Záray
- Danube Research Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Karolina út 29., Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1., Gödöllo, H-2100, Hungary
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30
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Du J, Tang J, Xu S, Ge J, Dong Y, Li H, Jin M. ZnO nanoparticles: recent advances in ecotoxicity and risk assessment. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:322-333. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1508218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junhong Tang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shaodan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ge
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huanxuan Li
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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31
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Hrda K, Pouzar M, Knotek P. Study of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc chloride toxicity to annelid Enchytraeus crypticus in modified agar-based media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22702-22709. [PMID: 29851017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP, mean particle size diameter of 10 nm) powder and water-soluble salt of zinc (ZnCl2) to annelid Enchytraeus crypticus was tested using an agar-based nutrient-enriched medium with the addition of kaolin and humic acids (HA). Adults of the E. crypticus were cultivated in pure agar and in three types of modified exposure media containing different proportions of model soil constituents. Potworms were exposed to zinc in both forms (1-1000 mg kg-1 of agar) for 96 h. In experiments with ZnCl2, toxicity of zinc was the highest in pure agar followed by agar with HA and agar with kaolin and HA and the lowest toxicity was observed in agar with kaolin. The corresponding LC50 values were 13.2, 28.8, 39.4, and 75.4 mg kg-1 respectively. In contrast, zinc in the form of ZnO-NPs was most toxic in the presence of HA followed by pure agar, agar with kaolin, and kaolin with HA. In this case, LC50 values were 15.8, 43.5, 111, and 122 mg kg-1 respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the smallest agglomerates occurred in the presence of kaolin, where ZnO-NPs were sealed in a kaolin shell. This effect reduced the bioavailability and toxicity of the NPs. In contrast, larger agglomerates were observed in the presence of HA but a larger amount of zinc was dispersed in the volume of agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hrda
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Pouzar
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Square of Czechoslovak legions 565, 530 02, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Knotek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 530 02, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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32
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Mukherjee K, Acharya K. Toxicological Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Soil and Aquatic Habitats. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:175-186. [PMID: 29549419 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) with multifunctional properties are used extensively in various industries and released into the environment as industrial effluents and waste nano-products. These non-degradable, toxic MO-NPs are accumulating in the environment, debilitating the ecosystem and their biological communities. In this review article, a real-time scenario of MO-NP toxicity towards the soil and aquatic ecosystem and their mode of toxicity have been addressed in detail. The up-to-date information presented here suggests serious consideration of the consequences before random utilization of MO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Mukherjee
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, India.
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Rajput VD, Minkina TM, Behal A, Sushkova SN, Mandzhieva S, Singh R, Gorovtsov A, Tsitsuashvili VS, Purvis WO, Ghazaryan KA, Movsesyan HS. Effects of zinc-oxide nanoparticles on soil, plants, animals and soil organisms: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hou J, Wu Y, Li X, Wei B, Li S, Wang X. Toxic effects of different types of zinc oxide nanoparticles on algae, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates and microorganisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:852-860. [PMID: 29874759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the potential environmental risks of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are becoming an important issue because of their rapid growth in different fields. ZnO NPs are inevitably released in the environment during the production, transport, use and disposal process. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their toxicities and mode of actions. This review summarizes the toxic effects of ZnO NPs with different properties and exposed conditions on different species. The mechanisms of ZnO NPs on living organisms could be mainly attributed to one or more of the following aspects: the physical damage of direct contact, the dissolved zinc ions and the ROS-mediated mechanism. This paper systematically reviews the toxic effects of ZnO NPs on organisms and puts forward the existing problems, which are helpful for the safe and efficient use of ZnO NPs, providing the basis for further study of the toxic effects of ZnO NPs and establishing a comprehensive and safe evaluation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yazhou Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Benben Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Ritchie E, Boyd P, Lawson-Halasz A, Hawari J, Saucier S, Scroggins R, Princz J. The ecotoxicity of zinc and zinc-containing substances in soil with consideration of metal-moiety approaches and organometal complexes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:3324-3332. [PMID: 28708298 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Within Canada, screening-level assessments for chemical substances are required to determine whether the substances pose a risk to human health and/or the environment, and as appropriate, risk management strategies. In response to the volume of metal and metal-containing substances, process efficiencies were introduced using a metal-moiety approach, whereby substances that contain a common metal moiety are assessed simultaneously as a group, with the moiety of concern consisting of the metal ion. However, for certain subgroups, such as organometals or organic metal salts, the organic moiety or parent substance may be of concern, rather than simply the metal ion. To further investigate the need for such additional consideration, certain substances were evaluated: zinc (Zn)-containing inorganic (Zn chloride [ZnCl2] and Zn oxide) and organic (organometal: Zn diethyldithiocarbamate [Zn(DDC)2 ] and organic metal salts (Zn stearate [ZnSt] and 4-chloro-2-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrachlorozincate [BCNZ]). The toxicity of the substances were assessed using plant (Trifolium pratense and Elymus lanceolatus) and soil invertebrate (Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei) tests in a sandy soil. Effect measures were determined based on total metal and total parent analyses (for organic substances). In general, the inorganic Zn substances were less toxic than the organometals and organic metal salts, with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 11 to >5194 mg Zn kg-1 dry soil. The data demonstrate the necessity for alternate approaches in the assessment of organo-metal complexes, with the organic moieties or parent substances warranting consideration rather than the metal ion alone. In this instance, the organometals and organic metal salts were significantly more toxic than other test substances despite their low total Zn content. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3324-3332. © 2017 Crown in the Right of Canada. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellyn Ritchie
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Boyd
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jalal Hawari
- National Research Council of Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stacey Saucier
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Juliska Princz
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Qiu H, Smolders E. Nanospecific Phytotoxicity of CuO Nanoparticles in Soils Disappeared When Bioavailability Factors Were Considered. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11976-11985. [PMID: 28934849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability-modifying factors such as soil type and aging have only rarely been considered in assessing toxicity of metal-containing nanoparticles in soil. Here, we examined the toxicity to barley (Hordeum vulgare) of CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) relative to CuO bulk particles (CuO-BPs) and Cu acetate (Cu(OAc)2) in six different soils with or without aging. The set up allows identifying whether or not NPs-derived colloidal Cu in soil porewater contributes to toxicity. Ultrafiltration (50 kDa) was performed together with geochemical modeling to determine {Cu2+} (free Cu2+ activity in soil porewater). Based on total soil Cu concentration, toxicity measured with seedling root elongation ranked Cu(OAc)2 > CuO-NPs > CuO-BPs in freshly spiked soils. The differences in toxicity among the three toxicants became smaller in soils aged for 90 days. When expressing toxicity as {Cu2+}, there was no indication that nanoparticulate or colloidal Cu enhanced toxicity. A calibrated bioavailability-based model based on {Cu2+} and pH successfully explained (R2 = 0.78, n = 215) toxicity of all Cu forms in different soils with and without aging. Our results suggest that toxicity predictions and risk assessment of CuO-NPs can be carried out properly using the bioavailability-based approaches that are used already for their non-nano counterparts in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qiu
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven , 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven , 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Świątek ZM, van Gestel CAM, Bednarska AJ. Toxicokinetics of zinc-oxide nanoparticles and zinc ions in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:151-158. [PMID: 28531765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The toxicokinetics of zinc in the earthworm Eisenia andrei was investigated following exposure for 21 days to ionic zinc (ZnCl2) or zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in Lufa 2.2 soil, followed by 21 days elimination in clean soil. Two concentrations were tested for both ZnCl2 (250 and 500μg Zn g-1) and ZnO-NPs (500 and 1000μg Zn g-1), corresponding to EC25 and EC50 for effects on reproduction. Based on the measured internal Zn concentrations in the earthworms over time of exposure, the kinetics parameters ka - assimilation rate constant (gsoil g-1body weight day-1) and ke - elimination rate constant (day-1) were estimated using a one-compartment model for either total Zn concentrations in the soil or porewater Zn concentrations. In the ZnCl2 treatments, ka was higher for total Zn concentrations in soil, whereas in the ZnO-NP treatments, ka was higher for porewater Zn concentrations. The value of ke did not differ between the two Zn forms (ZnCl2 vs ZnO-NPs) for either EC50 or EC25 when related to total Zn concentrations in soil, but for EC50, ke related to porewater Zn concentrations was significantly higher for ZnCl2 than for ZnO-NPs. It is concluded that differences in kinetic parameters between treatments were connected with exposure concentrations rather than with the form of Zn. Zinc was efficiently regulated by the earthworms in all treatments: a 2-fold increase in exposure concentration resulted in a less than 2-fold increase in internal concentration, and after transfer to uncontaminated soil the internal Zn concentrations in the earthworms returned to ca 111μgg-1 dw in all treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Świątek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
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38
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Vijayakumar S, Malaikozhundan B, Shanthi S, Vaseeharan B, Thajuddin N. Control of biofilm forming clinically important bacteria by green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and its ecotoxicity on Ceriodaphnia cornuta. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Garner KL, Suh S, Keller AA. Assessing the Risk of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment: Development and Application of the nanoFate Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5541-5551. [PMID: 28443660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a dynamic multimedia fate and transport model (nanoFate) to predict the time-dependent accumulation of metallic engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) across environmental media. nanoFate considers a wider range of processes and environmental subcompartments than most previous models and considers ENM releases to compartments (e.g., urban, agriculture) in a manner that reflects their different patterns of use and disposal. As an example, we simulated ten years of release of nano CeO2, CuO, TiO2, and ZnO in the San Francisco Bay area. Results show that even soluble metal oxide ENMs may accumulate as nanoparticles in the environment in sufficient concentrations to exceed the minimum toxic threshold in freshwater and some soils, though this is more likely with high-production ENMs such as TiO2 and ZnO. Fluctuations in weather and release scenario may lead to circumstances where predicted ENM concentrations approach acute toxic concentrations. The fate of these ENMs is to mostly remain either aggregated or dissolved in agricultural lands receiving biosolids and in freshwater or marine sediments. Comparison to previous studies indicates the importance of some key model aspects including climatic and temporal variations, how ENMs may be released into the environment, and the effect of compartment composition on predicted concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Garner
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , SantaBarbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Sangwon Suh
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , SantaBarbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , SantaBarbara, California 93106, United States
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Li X, Yoneda M, Shimada Y, Matsui Y. Effect of surfactants on the aggregation and sedimentation of zinc oxide nanomaterial in natural water matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:649-656. [PMID: 28073641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of surfactants and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in industrial and consumer products lead to the high possibility of their co-presence in natural water environment, making it important to study the effect of surfactants on the environmental behavior and fate of ENMs. In this work, we selected an anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO, Tergitol NP-9) to study their effects on the aggregation and sedimentation of a 20nm ZnO ENM in different water matrices. The adsorption of SDS and NP-9 by ZnO ENM were fitted with Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 43.73±4.62mg/g and 13.79±1.09 respectively. As the surfactant concentration increased from 0 to 0.030% (m:v), SDS reduced the zeta potential of ZnO ENM from 17.56±2.13 to -27.96±2.59mV, whereas NP-9 did not affect the zeta potential. After a 24-h batch reactor experiment, SDS and NP-9 reduced 93.02% and 80.26% of the aggregate size of ZnO ENM (50mgL-1) in maximum at surfactant concentrations≥0.015%. The ZnO ENM was not stable in natural aqueous matrices, mainly because of the relatively high ionic strength. However, surfactants were found to reduce the aggregation and sedimentation of ZnO ENM in six natural water matrices in different degrees. With the presence of 0.030% SDS in tap water, maximum reduction rates of aggregate size and sedimentation were recorded as 69.54% and 26.69%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the presence of surfactants may alter the behaviors and fate of ENMs in natural water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuankun Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Shimada
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuto Matsui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8540 Kyoto, Japan
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41
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Huang CW, Li SW, Hsiu-Chuan Liao V. Chronic ZnO-NPs exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations results in metabolic and locomotive toxicities in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1456-1464. [PMID: 27839994 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are emerging contaminants that raise the concerns of potential risk in the aquatic environment. It has been estimated that the environmental ZnO-NPs concentration is 76 μg/l in the aquatic environment. Our aim was to determine the aquatic toxicity of ZnO-NPs with chronic exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Two simulated environmentally relevant mediums-moderately hard reconstituted water (EPA water) and simulated soil pore water (SSPW)-were used to represent surface water and pore water in sediment, respectively. The results showed that the ZnO-NPs in EPA water has a much smaller hydrodynamic diameter than that in SSPW. Although the ionic release of Zn ions increased time-dependently in both mediums, the Zn ions concentrations in EPA water increased two-fold more than that in SSPW at 48 h and 72 h. The ZnO-NPs did not induce growth defects or decrease head thrashes in C. elegans in either media. However, chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs caused a significant reduction in C. elegans body bends in EPA water even with a relatively low concentration (0.05 μg/l); similar results were not observed in SSPW. Moreover, at the same concentrations (50 and 500 μg/l), body bends in C. elegans were reduced more severely in ZnO-NPs than in ZnCl2 in EPA water. The ATP levels were consistently and significantly decreased, and ROS was induced after ZnO-NPs exposure (50 and 500 μg/l) in EPA water. Our results provide evidences that chronic exposure to ZnO-NPs under environmentally relevant concentrations causes metabolic and locomotive toxicities implicating the potential ecotoxicity of ZnO-NPs at low concentrations in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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42
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Carbone S, Hertel-Aas T, Joner EJ, Oughton DH. Bioavailability of CeO2 and SnO2 nanoparticles evaluated by dietary uptake in the earthworm Eisenia fetida and sequential extraction of soil and feed. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 162:16-22. [PMID: 27474912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of nanotechnology products on the market will inevitably lead to the release of engineered nanomaterials with potential risk to humans and environment. This study set out to investigate the exposure of soil biota to engineered nanoparticles (NPs). Cerium dioxide (CeO2 NPs) and tin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) were radiolabelled using neutron activation, and employed to assess the uptake and excretion kinetics in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Through sequential extraction, NPs bioavailability in two contrasting soils and in earthworm feed was also investigated. Neither CeO2 NPs nor SnO2 NPs bioaccumulated in earthworms, and both were rapidly excreted when worms were transferred to clean soil. Low bioavailability was also indicated by low amounts of NPs recovered during extraction with non-stringent extractants. CeO2 NPs showed increasing mobility in organic soil over time (28 days), indicating that organic matter has a strong influence on the fate of CeO2 NPs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Carbone
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, Viale Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Turid Hertel-Aas
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Erik J Joner
- Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Environment and Climate Department, Høyskoleveien 7, N-1431 Aas, Norway
| | - Deborah H Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway
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Bouguerra S, Gavina A, Ksibi M, Rasteiro MDG, Rocha-Santos T, Pereira R. Ecotoxicity of titanium silicon oxide (TiSiO4) nanomaterial for terrestrial plants and soil invertebrate species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:291-301. [PMID: 27060256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The huge evolution of nanotechnology and the commercialization of nanomaterials (NMs) positively contributed for innovation in several industrial sectors. Facing this rapid development and the emergence of NMs in the market, the release of this nanometric sized materials in the environment and the possible impact on different ecosystem components attracted the attention of researchers in the last few years. In our study we aimed to assess the impact of titanium silicon oxide nanomaterial (nano-TiSiO4) on soil biota to estimate a risk limit for this material. In the present research a battery of standardized ecotoxicological assays aimed at evaluating a wide range of endpoints (avoidance and reproduction of earthworms and collembolans, emergence/growth of four selected terrestrial plants) were carried out, using OECD artificial soil as test substrate spiked with aqueous suspension of different concentrations of nano-TiSiO4. The results showed a maximum avoidance percentage of 40% for earthworms (Esenia andrei) at the highest concentration tested (1000mgkg(-1) soildw of nano-TiSiO4). No significant effect on the reproductive function of both invertebrate species was recorded. Nevertheless, significant phytotoxic data was registered at least for the growth of dicotyledonous plant species (Lactuca sativa and Lycopersicon lycopersicum) with EC20 values ranging between 236 and 414 mg kg(-1) soildw of nano-TiSiO4 for L. sativa dry mass and fresh mass, respectively. Further, the characterization of nano-TiSiO4 in suspensions used to spike the soil, performed by Dynamic Light Scattering, showed the formation of aggregates with important average size diameter, thus demonstrating that the toxic effects observed were likely not size dependent. A deterministic PNEC (predicted no effect concentration) for this NM of 10.02mg kg(-1) soildw of nano-TiSiO4, is suggested, while no more ecotoxicological information exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Bouguerra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (3E), National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 3.5, PO Box 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ana Gavina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine & Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas, n. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (3E), National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route de Soukra Km 3.5, PO Box 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maria da Graça Rasteiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering & CIEPQPF & University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine & Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas, n. 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Nano zinc, an alternative to conventional zinc as animal feed supplement: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:134-141. [PMID: 29767083 PMCID: PMC5941028 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The uniqueness of Zn is that, it is the second most abundant trace element in the animal body but can't be stored in the body, thus regular dietary intake is required. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP) particles are being extensively used in paints, skin lotions pigments, food, electronics appliances, biological and pharmaceutical applications and many more. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are the specially prepared mineral salt having particle size of 1 to 100 nm. It promotes growth can act as antibacterial agent, modulates the immunity and reproduction of the animals. Both in lower and higher doses of specifications it has exhibited a variety of effects on animal performances. Apart from being highly bio-available, reports have already pointed out the growth promoting, antibacterial, immuno-modulatory and many more effects of nano zinc (nZn). These can be used at lower doses and can provide better result than the conventional Zn sources and indirectly prevents environmental contamination also. The toxicological studies provide mixed results in animal models. Studies been undertaken in diversified animal species and encouraging effects have been reported with nZn supplementation. However, there is a need to optimize the dose and duration of ZnO NP supplementation for human and livestock, depending on its biological effects. Actual bioavailability of ZnO NP in livestock is still to be worked out. In this review we have attempted to summarize, conclude the beneficial effects of nZnO and its possible usage as mineral supplement to different categories of human and livestock.
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45
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Velicogna JR, Ritchie EE, Scroggins RP, Princz JI. A comparison of the effects of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on a suite of soil dwelling organisms in two field soils. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1144-51. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1181807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Velicogna
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ellyn E. Ritchie
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P. Scroggins
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Juliska I. Princz
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Chae Y, Kim SW, An YJ. In vivo visual evaluation of nanoparticle transfer in a three-species terrestrial food chain. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 151:101-7. [PMID: 26933900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used, and they present the risk of being introduced into food webs. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicological effects of NPs in the aquatic and freshwater environments and their transfer to upper-level trophic organisms. However, information on the transfer and consequent effects of NPs on soil invertebrates is still limited. In this study, we assessed the transfer of quantum dots (QDs) through a three-species terrestrial food chain that consisted of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the collembolan Folsomia candida, and the pill bug Armadillidium vulgare, as well as their biodistribution in vital organs using fluorescence analytical techniques. To visualize QD incorporation and biodistribution in F. candida, longitudinal and transversal sections were observed after short-term (3 d) and long-term (12 d) feeding with QD-treated yeast. QDs were located only in the intestine of F. candida and excreted within 1-2 d. QDs were also transferred to the pill bug by feeding, and remained in its intestine. This study showed the transfer of NPs through a model terrestrial food chain and indicated the potential hazards of released NPs for organisms at different trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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47
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Laycock A, Diez-Ortiz M, Larner F, Dybowska A, Spurgeon D, Valsami-Jones E, Rehkämper M, Svendsen C. Earthworm Uptake Routes and Rates of Ionic Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles at Realistic Concentrations, Traced Using Stable Isotope Labeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:412-419. [PMID: 26588002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behavior of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), their availability to, uptake pathways by, and biokinetics in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated using stable isotope labeling. Zinc isotopically enriched to 99.5% in (68)Zn ((68)Zn-E) was used to prepare (68)ZnO NPs and a dissolved phase of (68)Zn for comparison. These materials enabled tracing of environmentally relevant (below background) NP additions to soil of only 5 mg (68)Zn-E kg(-1). Uptake routes were isolated by introducing earthworms with sealed and unsealed mouthparts into test soils for up to 72 h. The Zn isotope compositions of the soils, pore waters and earthworms were then determined using multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Detection and quantification of (68)Zn-E in earthworm tissue was possible after only 4 h of dermal exposure, when the uptake of (68)Zn-E had increased the total Zn tissue concentration by 0.03‰. The results demonstrate that at these realistic exposure concentrations there is no distinguishable difference between the uptake of the two forms of Zn by the earthworm L. rubellus, with the dietary pathway accounting for ∼95% of total uptake. This stands in contrast to comparable studies where high dosing levels were used and dermal uptake is dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Laycock
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, England
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum , Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England
| | - Maria Diez-Ortiz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, England
- Leitat Technology Centre , C/de la Innovació 2, 08225 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fiona Larner
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, England
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, England
| | - Agnieszka Dybowska
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum , Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England
| | - David Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, England
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum , Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England
| | - Mark Rehkämper
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, England
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum , Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, England
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48
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García-Gómez C, Babin M, Obrador A, Álvarez JM, Fernández MD. Integrating ecotoxicity and chemical approaches to compare the effects of ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO bulk, and ZnCl2 on plants and microorganisms in a natural soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16803-13. [PMID: 26099597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
This work compared the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), ZnO bulk, and ZnCl2 on microbial activity (C and N transformations and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities) and their uptake and toxic effects (emergence, root elongation, and shoot growth) on three plant species namely wheat, radish, and vetch in a natural soil at 1000 mg Zn kg(-1). Additionally, plants were also tested at 250 mg Zn kg(-1). The effects of the chemical species on Zn extractability in soil were studied by performing single and sequential extractions. ZnCl2-1000 presented the highest toxicity for both taxonomic groups. For microorganisms, ZnO-NPs demonstrated adverse effects on all measured parameters, except on N transformations. The effects of both ZnO forms were similar. For plants, ZnO-NPs affected the growth of more plant species than ZnO bulk, although the effects were small in all cases. Regarding accumulation, the total Zn amounts were higher in plants exposed to ZnO-NP than those exposed to ZnO bulk, except for vetch shoots. The soil sequential extraction revealed that the Zn concentration in the most labile forms (water soluble (WS) and exchangeable (EX)) was similar in soil treated with ZnO (NP and bulk) and lower than that of ZnCl2-treated soil, indicating the higher availability of the ionic forms. The strong correlations obtained between WS-Zn fraction and the Zn concentrations in the roots, shoots, and the effects on shoot weight show the suitability of this soil extraction method for predicting bioavailable Zn soil for the three plant species when it was added as ZnO-NPs, ZnO bulk, or ZnCl2. In this work, the hazard associated with the ZnO-NPs was similar to ZnO bulk in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Gómez
- INIA. Department of the Environment, Ctra A Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Babin
- INIA. Department of the Environment, Ctra A Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Obrador
- Department of Chemistry and Agricultural Analysis, E.T.S.I. Agronomist (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Agricultural Analysis, E.T.S.I. Agronomist (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M D Fernández
- INIA. Department of the Environment, Ctra A Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Ag Nanoparticles (Ag NM300K) in the Terrestrial Environment: Effects at Population and Cellular Level in Folsomia candida (Collembola). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12530-42. [PMID: 26473892 PMCID: PMC4626984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of nanomaterials have been primarily assessed based on standard ecotoxicity guidelines. However, by adapting alternative measures the information gained could be enhanced considerably, e.g., studies should focus on more mechanistic approaches. Here, the environmental risk posed by the presence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NM300K) in soil was investigated, anchoring population and cellular level effects, i.e., survival, reproduction (28 days) and oxidative stress markers (0, 2, 4, 6, 10 days). The standard species Folsomia candida was used. Measured markers included catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (TG), metallothionein (MT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Results showed that AgNO₃ was more toxic than AgNPs at the population level: reproduction EC₂₀ and EC₅₀ was ca. 2 and 4 times lower, respectively. At the cellular level Correspondence Analysis showed a clear separation between AgNO₃ and AgNP throughout time. Results showed differences in the mechanisms, indicating a combined effect of released Ag⁺ (MT and GST) and of AgNPs (CAT, GR, TG, LPO). Hence, clear advantages from mechanistic approaches are shown, but also that time is of importance when measuring such responses.
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50
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Diez-Ortiz M, Lahive E, Kille P, Powell K, Morgan AJ, Jurkschat K, Van Gestel CAM, Mosselmans JFW, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Uptake routes and toxicokinetics of silver nanoparticles and silver ions in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2263-2270. [PMID: 25917164 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current bioavailability models, such as the free ion activity model and biotic ligand model, explicitly consider that metal exposure will be mainly to the dissolved metal in ionic form. With the rise of nanotechnology products and the increasing release of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, such models may increasingly be applied to support risk assessment. It is not immediately clear, however, whether the assumption of metal ion exposure will be relevant for NPs. Using an established approach of oral gluing, a toxicokinetics study was conducted to investigate the routes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag(+) ion uptake in the soil-dwelling earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. The results indicated that a significant part of the Ag uptake in the earthworms is through oral/gut uptake for both Ag(+) ions and NPs. Thus, sealing the mouth reduced Ag uptake by between 40% and 75%. An X-ray analysis of the internal distribution of Ag in transverse sections confirmed the presence of increased Ag concentrations in exposed earthworm tissues. For the AgNPs but not the Ag(+) ions, high concentrations were associated with the gut wall, liver-like chloragogenous tissue, and nephridia, which suggest a pathway for AgNP uptake, detoxification, and excretion via these organs. Overall, the results indicate that Ag in the ionic and NP forms is assimilated and internally distributed in earthworms and that this uptake occurs predominantly via the gut epithelium and less so via the body wall. The importance of oral exposure questions the application of current metal bioavailability models, which implicitly consider that the dominant route of exposure is via the soil solution, for bioavailability assessment and modeling of metal-based NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diez-Ortiz
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Powell
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - A John Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Jurkschat
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Yarnton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Fred W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Svendsen
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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