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Bao Y, Tian H, Wang X. Effects of climate change and ozone on vegetation phenology on the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172780. [PMID: 38685428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The vegetation phenology, encompassing the start (SOS) and end (EOS) of the growing season on the Tibetan Plateau, has been significantly impacted by global climate change. Furthermore, ozone (O3) has gradually become the main pollutant in this region, substantially influencing carbon cycle and ecosystems on Earth. While ongoing studies have focused mainly on the implications of climate parameters, including temperature, precipitation, and radiation, the effects of O3 on the SOS and EOS remain unclear. Here, we compared the responses and sensitivities of the SOS and EOS to both climatic factors and O3 in this region. With the use of partial correlation analysis, we found that increased precipitation was the most important factor influencing the SOS and caused earlier occurrence (4.8 % vs. 21.9 %) for most plant functional types. In comparison, temperature only dominated in shrublands. In particular, we found that the EOS responded comparably to climatic factors with similar proportions between advancing and delaying patterns. However, higher O3 levels consistently advanced the EOS for almost all plant functional types and was the main factor controlling EOS variations based on the sensitivity analysis. Our results emphasized that O3 pollution should be considered for obtaining better phenological forecasts and determining the impacts of the environment and atmospheric composition on carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Bao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou 061001, China
| | - Haifeng Tian
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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2
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Huang LJ, Yang W, Chen J, Yu P, Wang Y, Li N. Molecular identification and functional characterization of an environmental stress responsive glutaredoxin gene ROXY1 in Quercus glauca. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108367. [PMID: 38237422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Quercus glauca is a valuable natural resource with both economic and ecological values. It is one of the dominant forest tree species widely distributed in Southern China. As a perennial broadleaf plant, Q. glauca inevitably encounters numerous stresses from environment. Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are a kind of small oxidoreductases that play an important role in response to oxidative stress. CC-type GRXs also known as ROXYs are specific to land plants. In this study, we isolated a CC-type GRX gene, QgROXY1, from Q. glauca. Expression of QgROXY1 is induced by a variety of environmental stimuli. QgROXY1 protein localizes to both cytoplasm and nucleus; whereas the nucleus localized QgROXY1 could physically interact with the basic region/leucine zipper motif (bZIP) transcription factor AtTGA2 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic A. thaliana ectopically expressing QgROXY1 is hypersensitive to exogenously applied salicylic acid. Induction of plant defense gene is significantly impaired in QgROXY1 transgenic plants that results in enhanced susceptibility to infection of Botrytis cinerea pathogen, indicating the evolutionary conserved function among ROXY homologs in weedy and woody plants. This is the first described function for the ROXYs in tree plants. Through this case study, we demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of molecular technology applied to characterization of gene function in tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Wenhai Yang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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3
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Cao L, Men Q, Zhang Z, Yue H, Cui S, Huang X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen M, Li H. Significance of Volatile Organic Compounds to Secondary Pollution Formation and Health Risks Observed during a Summer Campaign in an Industrial Urban Area. TOXICS 2024; 12:34. [PMID: 38250990 PMCID: PMC10820161 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The chemical complexity and toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are primarily encountered through intensive anthropogenic emissions in suburban areas. Here, pollution characteristics, impacts on secondary pollution formation, and health risks were investigated through continuous in-field measurements from 1-30 June 2020 in suburban Nanjing, adjacent to national petrochemical industrial parks in China. On average, the total VOCs concentration was 34.47 ± 16.08 ppb, which was comprised mostly by alkanes (41.8%) and halogenated hydrocarbons (29.4%). In contrast, aromatics (17.4%) dominated the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) with 59.6% and 58.3%, respectively. Approximately 63.5% of VOCs were emitted from the petrochemical industry and from solvent usage based on source apportionment results, followed by biogenic emissions of 22.3% and vehicle emissions of 14.2%. Of the observed 46 VOC species, hexachlorobutadiene, dibromoethane, butadiene, tetrachloroethane, and vinyl chloride contributed as high as 98.8% of total carcinogenic risk, a large fraction of which was ascribed to the high-level emissions during ozone pollution episodes and nighttime. Therefore, the mitigation of VOC emissions from petrochemical industries would be an effective way to reduce secondary pollution and potential health risks in conurbation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qihui Men
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shijie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangpeng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunjiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Haiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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Kaylor SD, Snell Taylor SJ, Herrick JD. Estimates of biomass reductions of ozone sensitive herbaceous plants in California. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163134. [PMID: 37001658 PMCID: PMC10543089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to tropospheric ozone pollution impairs photosynthesis and growth in plants and this can have consequences for ecosystems. However, exposure-response research in the United States (U.S.) has historically focused on trees and crops, and less attention has been given to non-crop herbaceous species. We combined U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ozone monitoring data from the entirety of 2016 with published exposure-response relationships from controlled exposure experiments for twenty herbaceous plant species occurring in California. The U.S. Department of Agriculture PLANTS database was used to identify county-level occurrence data of these plant species. A kriged ozone exposure surface for 2016 was generated using data from monitoring stations in California and surrounding states, using Accumulated Ozone exposure over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40) as an exposure metric. County-wide ozone exposure estimations were then combined with published exposure response functions for focal plants, and maps were created to estimate ozone-induced growth losses in the counties where the plants occur. Plant species had estimated annual growth losses from <1 % to >20 % based on exposure levels and sensitivity. Of the 20 species, 17 had predicted biomass loss >5 % in at least one county, emphasizing the vulnerability of herbaceous species at recent ozone concentrations. Butte, Nevada, Plumas, San Luis Obispo, and Shasta Counties, an area of about 31,652 km2, had the highest number of species (6) with >10 % estimated biomass loss, the loss threshold for European critical levels. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) was one of the most affected species with more than an estimated 10 % annual estimated growth loss over 59 % of the state. Overall, these estimated growth losses demonstrate potential for shifts in plant communities and negative effects on ecosystems. This study addresses critical policy needs for risk assessments on herbaceous species in a single year of ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Douglas Kaylor
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Sara J Snell Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffery D Herrick
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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5
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Gu X, Wang T, Li C. Elevated ozone decreases the multifunctionality of belowground ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:890-908. [PMID: 36300607 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3 ) affects the allocation of biomass aboveground and belowground and influences terrestrial ecosystem functions. However, how belowground functions respond to elevated O3 concentrations ([O3 ]) remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we conducted a detailed synthesis of belowground functioning responses to elevated [O3 ] by performing a meta-analysis of 2395 paired observations from 222 publications. We found that elevated [O3 ] significantly reduced the primary productivity of roots by 19.8%, 16.3%, and 26.9% for crops, trees and grasses, respectively. Elevated [O3 ] strongly decreased the root/shoot ratio by 11.3% for crops and by 4.9% for trees, which indicated that roots were highly sensitive to O3 . Elevated [O3 ] impacted carbon and nitrogen cycling in croplands, as evidenced by decreased dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total soil nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, microbial biomass nitrogen, and nitrification rates in association with increased nitrate nitrogen and denitrification rates. Elevated [O3 ] significantly decreased fungal phospholipid fatty acids in croplands, which suggested that O3 altered the microbial community and composition. The responses of belowground functions to elevated [O3 ] were modified by experimental methods, root environments, and additional global change factors. Therefore, these factors should be considered to avoid the underestimation or overestimation of the impacts of elevated [O3 ] on belowground functioning. The significant negative relationships between O3 -treated intensity and the multifunctionality index for croplands, forests, and grasslands implied that elevated [O3 ] decreases belowground ecosystem multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Li K, Hayes F, Chadwick DR, Wang J, Zou J, Jones DL. Changes in microbial community composition drive the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to elevated ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114142. [PMID: 35995222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing tropospheric ozone poses a potential threat to both above- and belowground components of the terrestrial biosphere. Microorganisms are the main drivers of soil ecological processes, however, the link between soil microbial communities and ecological functions under elevated ozone remains poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the responses of three crop seedlings (i.e., soybean, maize, and wheat) growth and soil microbial communities to elevated ozone (40 ppb O3 above ambient air) in a pot experiment in the solardomes. Results showed that elevated ozone adversely affected ecosystem multifunctionality by reducing crop biomass, inhibiting soil extracellular enzyme activities, and altering nutrient availability. Elevated ozone increased bacterial and fungal co-occurrence network complexity, negatively correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality. Changes in the relative abundance of some specific bacteria and fungi were associated with multiple ecosystem functioning. In addition, elevated ozone significantly affected fungal community composition but not bacterial community composition and microbial alpha-diversity. Crop type played a key role in determining bacterial alpha-diversity and microbial community composition. In conclusion, our findings suggest that short-term elevated ozone could lead to a decrease in ecosystem multifunctionality associated with changes in the complexity of microbial networks in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - David R Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Low-carbon Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
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7
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Changes in growth pattern and rhizospheric soil biochemical properties of a leguminous tree species Leucaena leucocephala under long-term exposure to elevated ozone. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:152. [PMID: 35755800 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) exert significant impacts on the plants, but there is limited data for belowground processes. We studied the effects of long-term exposure of elevated O3 (EO3) on plant growth parameters (plant height and biomass) and biochemical parameters (nutrients, microbial biomass and enzymatic activities) of rhizospheric soil of leguminous tree species Leucaena leucocephala. L. leucocephala seedlings were grown under ambient O3 (AO3) and EO3 (+20 ppb above ambient) under Free Air Ozone Concentration Enrichment (O3-FACE) facility and changes in plant growth and their rhizospheric soil properties were studied during 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of EO3 exposure. L. leucocephala showed significant reductions in shoot length, root biomass, shoot biomass, leaf biomass and total biomass during 12, 18 and 24 months of exposure to EO3. Total nutrients in rhizospheric soil like carbon and phosphorus were significantly reduced after 24 months of EO3 exposure. Most of the available nutrients showed significant reduction after 6, 12 and 24 months of EO3 exposure. A significant decrease was apparent in microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus after 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of EO3 treatment. Significant reductions were observed in extracellular enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glycosidase, fluorescein diacetate, arylsulfatase, cellulase and protease) of soil after 6, 12 and 24 months of EO3 exposure. These results suggest that increasing O3 concentrations will directly impact L. leucocephala growth as well as have indirect impact on the nutrient contents (C, N, and P), microbial biomass and extracellular enzymatic activities of rhizospheric soil of L. leucocephala. Our results suggest that continuous increase in O3 concentrations will have serious implications for aboveground plant growth and belowground soil fertility in this region considered as O3 hotspot. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03215-1.
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Mao B, Wang Y, Zhao TH, Zhao Q, San Y, Xiao SS. Response of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and stoichiometry of plants and soils during a soybean growth season to O 3 stress and straw return in Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153573. [PMID: 35122851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and stoichiometry play important roles in biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystems, yet it is still unclear how the allocations of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry among plant organs and soils related to O3 stress and straw return. Here, a pot experiment was conducted in open top chambers to monitor the response of C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of leaves, stems, roots and soils during a growing season (branching, flowering and podding stages) of soybean (Glycine max; a species highly sensitive to O3) to background O3 concentration (44.8 ± 5.6 ppb), O3 stress (79.7 ± 5.4 ppb) and straw treatment (no straw return and straw return). O3 stress significantly decreased root biomass. Straw return significantly increased root biomass under O3 stress at branching and flowering stages. Generally, O3 stress and straw return showed significant effects on the C, N and P concentrations of leaves and soils, and stoichiometric ratios of leaves, stems and microbial biomass. The C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry of leaves, stems, roots and soils in response to O3 stress and straw return at the branching stage were inconsistent with the changes observed at the flowering and podding stages. The P conversion efficiency showed significant relationship with root P concentration under the combined effects of O3 stress and straw return. Altogether, the present study indicated that C, N and P concentrations of soybean might be more important than stoichiometric ratios as a driver of root defence against O3 stress in the case of straw return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Nanning Normal University), Nanning 530001, China; College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian-Hong Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu San
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation (Nanning Normal University), Nanning 530001, China
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Responses of Growth, Oxidative Injury and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Leaves of Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea to Elevated O 3 Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095153. [PMID: 35563542 PMCID: PMC9104282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of increasing atmospheric ozone (O3) concentrations on cool-season plant species have been well studied, but little is known about the physiological responses of cool-season turfgrass species such as Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea exposed to short-term acute pollution with elevated O3 concentrations (80 ppb and 160 ppb, 9 h d−1) for 14 days, which are widely planted in urban areas of Northern China. The current study aimed to investigate and compare O3 sensitivity and differential changes in growth, oxidative injury, antioxidative enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultrastructure between the two turf-type plant species. The results showed that O3 decreased significantly biomass regardless of plant species. Under 160 ppb O3, total biomass of L. perenne and F. arundinacea significantly decreased by 55.3% and 47.8% (p < 0.05), respectively. No significant changes were found in visible injury and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves of the two grass species exposed to 80 ppb O3, except for 160 ppb O3. However, both 80 ppb and 160 ppb O3 exposure induced heavily oxidative stress by high accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in leaves and damage in chloroplast ultrastructure regardless of plant species. Elevated O3 concentration (80 ppb) increased significantly the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidaseby 77.8%, 1.14-foil and 34.3% in L. perenne leaves, and 19.2%, 78.4% and 1.72-fold in F. arundinacea leaves, respectively. These results showed that F. arundinacea showed higher O3 tolerance than L. perenne. The damage extent by elevated O3 concentrations could be underestimated only by evaluating foliar injury or chlorophyll content without considering the internal physiological changes, especially in chloroplast ultrastructure and ROS accumulation.
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Chen B, Xu J, Liu D, Yang X. Response of Ginkgo biloba growth and physiological traits to ozone stress. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Perring MP, Bullock JM, Alison J, Holder AJ, Hayes F. O
ut of sight,
O
ut of mind – but not
O
ut of scope. The need to consider ozone in restoration science, policy and practice. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Perring
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode BELGIUM
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology (ERIE) Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 AUSTRALIA
| | - James M. Bullock
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Jamie Alison
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Amanda J. Holder
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UKCEH (UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Environment Centre Wales Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UNITED KINGDOM
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12
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Singh P, Kannaujia R, Narayan S, Tewari A, Shirke PA, Pandey V. Impact of chronic elevated ozone exposure on photosynthetic traits and anti-oxidative defense responses of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit tree under field conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146907. [PMID: 33848871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of long term exposure of elevated ozone (+20 ppb above ambient) on photosynthetic traits and anti-oxidative defense system of Leucaena leucocephala, a tree of great economic importance, was studied in a Free Air Ozone Concentration Enrichment (O3-FACE) facility at different time intervals (6, 12, 18, and 24 months). Results showed that net photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and lipid peroxidation were significantly reduced after 6, 12 and 24 months of exposure to elevated ozone (eO3) whereas stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly decreased after 12 months of exposure to eO3. Antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were significantly increased after 12 months of exposure to eO3. Ascorbate was increased significantly after 6 and 12 months of exposure to eO3 while reduced glutathione content declined significantly after 6 and 24 months of exposure to eO3. The study showed that there were several negative long lasting physiological and biochemical responses in Leucaena. The results provide evidence that Leucaena exhibited greater sensitivity to O3 during initial exposure (up to 12 months) but showed moderate tolerance by the end of the 2nd year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, D.S.B. campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India
| | - Rekha Kannaujia
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashish Tewari
- Department of Forestry & Environmental Science, D.S.B. campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Hayes F, Harmens H, Mills G, Bender J, Grünhage L. Ozone critical levels for (semi-)natural vegetation dominated by perennial grassland species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15090-15098. [PMID: 33230797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New critical levels for ozone based on accumulated flux through stomata (phytotoxic ozone dose, POD), for temperate perennial grassland (semi-)natural vegetation, have been agreed for use within the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. These were based on data from several experiments conducted under naturally fluctuating environmental conditions that were combined and analysed to give linear dose-response relationships. Dose-response functions and flux-based critical levels were derived based on biomass and flower number. These parameters showed a statistically significant decline with increasing accumulated stomatal ozone flux. The functions and critical levels derived are based on sensitive species and can be used for risk assessments of the damaging effect of ozone on temperate vegetation communities dominated by perennial grassland species. The critical level based on flower number was lower than that for biomass, representing the greater sensitivity of flower number to ozone pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Harry Harmens
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gina Mills
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Jürgen Bender
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Bundesallee 65, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Grünhage
- Institut für Pflanzenökologie, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Ren X, Shang B, Feng Z, Calatayud V. Yield and economic losses of winter wheat and rice due to ozone in the Yangtze River Delta during 2014-2019. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140847. [PMID: 32758759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) is the main phytotoxic air pollutant causing crop yield reduction in China. As the main grain producing area in China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is facing serious O3 pollution. This study analyzed the hourly ground-level O3 observation data of 158 stations from 2014 to 2019 in YRD, and grain production data of 193 districts and counties. The exposure-response relationships based on AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 concentration above 40 ppb) was used to estimate the yield loss and economic loss of two food crops (winter wheat and rice). This study used spatial interpolation and calculated the specific data values of each district and county in order to improve the assessment reliability. For years 2014-2019, averaged O3 concentration during the 75 days growing period of rice and wheat were 33.1-50.6 ppb and 32.2-48.0 ppb, AOT40 value were 5.2-12.0 ppm h and 4.6-9.4 ppm h, and the averaged relative yield losses were 4.9%-11.4% and 9.4%-19.3%, respectively. The trend of O3 in the YRD in a six-year period peaked in 2016 and 2017 for rice and winter wheat, respectively. During 2014-2017, the average estimated yield loss of rice was 2445 Mt. accounting for about 9.1% of the actual production, and the average estimated economic loss was about 1037 million USD; for winter wheat, it was 2025 Mt, 20.4% and 736 million USD, respectively. These results urge governments to provide effective policies and measures to control O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Takahashi M, Feng Z, Mikhailova TA, Kalugina OV, Shergina OV, Afanasieva LV, Heng RKJ, Majid NMA, Sase H. Air pollution monitoring and tree and forest decline in East Asia: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140288. [PMID: 32721711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution and atmospheric deposition have adverse effects on tree and forest health. We reviewed studies on tree and forest decline in Northeast and Southeast Asia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (hereafter referred to as East Asia). This included studies published in domestic journals and languages. We identified information about the locations, causes, periods, and tree species exhibiting decline. Past air pollution was also reviewed. Most East Asian countries show declining trends in SO2 concentration in recent years, although Mongolia and Russia show increasing trends. Ozone (O3) concentrations are stable or gradually increasing in the East Asia region, with high maxima. Wet nitrogen (N) deposition was high in China and tropical countries, but low in Russia. The decline of trees and forests primarily occurred in the mid-latitudes of Japan, Korea, China, and Russia. Long-term large N deposition resulted in the N saturation phenomenon in Japan and China, but no clear forest health response was observed. Thereafter, forest decline symptoms, suspected to be caused by O3, were observed in Japan and China. In East Russia, tree decline occurred around industrial centers in Siberia. Haze events have been increasing in tropical and boreal forests, and particulate matter inhibits photosynthesis. In recent years, chronically high O3 concentrations, in conjunction with climate change, are likely have adverse effects on tree physiology. The effects of air pollution and related factors on tree decline are summarized. Recently, the effects of air pollution on tree decline have not been apparent under the changing climate, however, monitoring air pollution is indispensable for identifying the cause of tree decline. Further economic growth is projected in Southeast Asia and therefore, the monitoring network should be expanded to tropical and boreal forest zones. Countermeasures such as restoring urban trees and rural forests are important for ensuring future ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Takahashi
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan; Japan International Forestry Promotion and Cooperation Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Tatyana A Mikhailova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Olga V Kalugina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Olga V Shergina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Larisa V Afanasieva
- Institute of General & Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Roland Kueh Jui Heng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Muhamad Abd Majid
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Sarawak, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan.
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Emberson L. Effects of ozone on agriculture, forests and grasslands. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190327. [PMID: 32981434 PMCID: PMC7536038 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The damage and injury that ground level ozone (O3) causes vegetation has become increasingly evident over the past half century with a large body of observational and experimental evidence demonstrating a variety of effects at ambient concentrations on crop, forest and grassland species and ecosystems. This paper explores the use of experimental data to develop exposure-response relationships for use in risk assessment studies. These studies have typically identified the USA mid-West, much of Europe, the Indo Gangetic Plain in South Asia and the Eastern coastal region of China as global regions where O3 is likely to threaten food supply and other ecosystems. Global risk assessment modelling estimates yield losses of staple crops between 3 to 16% causing economic losses of between US$14 to 26 billion in the year 2000. Changes in anthropogenic emissions of O3 precursors in recent decades have modified O3 concentration profiles (peaks versus background O3) and global distributions with the Northern Hemisphere seeing increases in O3 levels of between 1 and 5 ppb/decade since the 1950s and the emergence of Asia as the region with the highest O3 concentrations. In the future, O3 mitigation could focus on methane (CH4) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions; these will differentially influence global and local/regional O3 concentrations and influence daily and seasonal profiles. The consequent effects on vegetation will in part depend on how these changes in O3 profile alter the exceedance of detoxification thresholds for plant damage. Adaptation options may play an important role in enhancing food supply while mitigation strategies are being implemented. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which O3 affects plants, and how this might influence detoxification thresholds and interactions with other environmental variables such as water stress and nutrients, would help develop O3 deposition and impact models to support the development of crop, land-surface exchange and ultimately earth system models for holistic assessments of global change. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Emberson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, Environment Building, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NG, UK
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Shang B, Feng Z, Gao F, Calatayud V. The ozone sensitivity of five poplar clones is not related to stomatal conductance, constitutive antioxidant levels and morphology of leaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134402. [PMID: 31683210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) is an important phytotoxic air pollutant in China. In order to compare the sensitivity of common poplar clones to O3 in China and explore the possible mechanism, five poplar clones, clone DQ (Populus cathayana), clone 84 K (P. alba × P. glandulosa), clone WQ156 (P. deltoids × P. cathayana), clone 546 (P. deltoides cv. '55/56' × P. deltoides cv. 'Imperial') and clone 107 (P. euramericana cv. '74/76') were exposed to four O3 treatments. According to the date of the initial visible O3 symptom and the slopes of O3 exposure-response relationships with the relative light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation, we found that clone DQ and clone 546 were the most sensitive to O3, clone 84 K and clone WQ156 were the less sensitive, and clone 107 was the most tolerant, which could provide a basis to select O3 tolerant clones for poplar planting at areas with serious O3 pollution. Elevated O3 significantly reduced photosynthetic parameters, total phenols content, potential antioxidant capacity, leaf mass per area and biomass of five poplar clones, and there were significant interactions between O3 and clones for most photosynthetic parameters. Elevated O3 also significantly increased malondialdehyde content and total ascorbate content. The responses of total antioxidant capacity for poplar clones to elevated O3 were different, as indicated by the increase for clone 107 and reduction for other clones under elevated O3 treatment. Our results on the sensitivity of different poplar clones to O3 are not related to leaf stomatal conductance, leaf constitutive antioxidant levels or leaf morphology of plant grown in clean air. The possible reason is little difference in leaf traits among clones within close species, suggesting that more properties of plants should be considered for exploring the sensitivity mechanism of close species, such as mesophyll conductance, antioxidant enzyme activity and apoplastic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - ZhaoZhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Agriculture Planning Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
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Assessing the Impact of Ozone on Forest Trees in An Integrative Perspective: Are Foliar Visible Symptoms Suitable Predictors for Growth Reduction? A Critical Review. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth reduction (GR) is the most widely accepted damage parameter to assess the sensitivity of trees to tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution since it integrates different physiological processes leading to loss of photosynthetic activity and distraction of metabolic resources from growth to defense, repair, and recovery pathways. Because of the intrinsic difficulty to assess the actual O3 risk assessment for forests in field conditions, foliar visible symptoms (FVS) induced by O3 have been proposed as a proxy to estimate possible GR in forest trees. The rationale for this assumption is that the onset of FVS implies a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity of plants. In this review, we show that GR and FVS can be the consequences of independent physiological pathways involving different response mechanisms that can cause both FVS without GR and GR without FVS. The onset of FVS may not lead necessarily to significant GR at plant level for several reasons, including the rise of compensatory photosynthesis, the time lag between growth processes and the accumulation of critical O3 dose, and the negligible effect of a modest amount of injured leaves. Plant GR, on the other hand, may be induced by different physiological mechanisms not necessarily related to FVS, such as stomatal closure (i.e., carbon starvation) to avoid or reduce O3 uptake, and the increase of respiratory processes for the production of metabolic defense compounds. Growth reduction and FVS can be interpreted as different strategies for the acclimation of plants to a stressful environment, and do not mean necessarily damage. Growth reduction (without FVS) seems to prevail in species adapted to limiting environmental conditions, that avoid loss and replacement of injured leaves because of the high metabolic cost of their production; conversely, FVS manifestation (without GR) and the replacement of injured leaves is more common in species adapted to environments with low-stress levels, since they can benefit from a rapid foliar turnover to compensate for the decreased rate of photosynthesis of the whole plant.
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Peng J, Shang B, Xu Y, Feng Z, Pleijel H, Calatayud V. Ozone exposure- and flux-yield response relationships for maize. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1-7. [PMID: 31146222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal ozone (O3) flux-response relationship for relative yield of maize was established by parameterizing a Jarvis stomatal conductance model. For the function (fVPD) describing the limitation of stomatal conductance by vapor pressure deficit (VPD, kPa), cumulative VPD during daylight hours was superior to hourly VPD. The latter function is proposed as a methodological improvement of this multiplicative model when stomatal conductance peaks during the morning and it is reduced later as it is the case of maize in this experiment. The model agreed relatively well with the measured stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.63). Based on the comparison of R2 values of the response functions, POD6 (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose over an hourly threshold 6 nmol m-2 s-1) and AOT40 (accumulated hourly O3 concentrations over a threshold of 40 ppb) performed similarly. The critical levels based on POD6 and AOT40 for 5% reduction in maize yield were 1.17 mmol m-2 PLA and 8.70 ppm h, respectively. In comparison with other important crops, the ranking of sensitivity of maize strongly differed depending on the O3 metric used, AOT40 or POD6. The newly proposed response functions are relevant for O3 risk assessment for this crop in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Ecology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Evaluation of O3 Effects on Cumulative Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake in Seedlings of Four Japanese Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Tree Species Based on Stomatal O3 Uptake. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current level of tropospheric ozone (O3) is expected to reduce the net primary production of forest trees. Here, we evaluated the negative effects of O3 on the photosynthetic CO2 uptake of Japanese forest trees species based on their cumulative stomatal O3 uptake, defined as the phytotoxic O3 dose (POD). Seedlings of four representative Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species (Fagus crenata, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica var. crispula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were exposed to different O3 concentrations in open-top chambers for two growing seasons. The photosynthesis–light response curves (A-light curves) and stomatal conductance were measured to estimate the leaf-level cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake (ΣPn_est) and POD, respectively. The whole-plant-level ΣPn_est were highly correlated with the whole-plant dry mass increments over the two growing seasons. Because whole-plant growth is largely determined by the amount of leaf area per plant and net photosynthetic rate per leaf area, this result suggests that leaf-level ΣPn_est, which was estimated from the monthly A-light curves and hourly PPFD, could reflect the cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake of the seedlings per unit leaf area. Although the O3-induced reductions in the leaf-level ΣPn_est were well explained by POD in all four tree species, species-specific responses of leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD were observed. In addition, the flux threshold appropriate for the linear regression of the responses of relative leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD was also species-specific. Therefore, species-specific responses of cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake to POD could be used to accurately evaluate O3 impact on the net primary production of deciduous broad-leaved trees.
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Rathore D, Chaudhary IJ. Ozone risk assessment of castor (Ricinus communis L.) cultivars using open top chamber and ethylenediurea (EDU). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:257-269. [PMID: 30342366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) an important non-edible oilseed crop, is a prominent feed stock towards the generation of renewable materials for industrial production which has multiple applications ranging from cosmetics to biofuels industry. India accounts for 76% of the total world production of castor oil seed. However, major concern for developing countries like India where expanding economy led to rapid increases in gases like NOx, CO and VOCs photochemically form ozone. Ozone is strong oxidant that damages agriculture, ecosystems, and materials with considerable reduction in crop yields and crop quality. One way to reduce ozone induced loss is to focus on the adapting crops to ozone exposure by selecting cultivars with demonstrated ozone resistance. An experiment was conducted for ozone risk assessment of castor cultivars to select cultivar with demonstrated resistance against ozone pollution. This study comprise an open top chamber experiment with three treatments viz. (i) control (ambient ozone concentration), (ii) enhanced ozone (average 75 ppb for 4 h daily throughout the growing season), and (iii) EDU application. Results suggested that the ozone pollution substantially affected growth and physiology of castor cultivars. Crop biomass and yield was also negatively influenced by ozone pollution. Developed defence provided strength to withstand against ozone pollution to the experimental crop cultivars. However, developed defence is cultivar specific and positively correlated with the resistance against ozone pollution. Study concluded that the damage to ozone is directly dependent on the antioxidative potential of plant species. However, ozone adaptability is based on the genetic makeup of the cultivar and yield related loss to ozone can be minimizing by selecting ozone tolerant variety as seen in cultivar Nidhi-999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Rathore
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat-Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Indra Jeet Chaudhary
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat-Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Chen Z, Cao J, Yu H, Shang H. Effects of Elevated Ozone Levels on Photosynthesis, Biomass and Non-structural Carbohydrates of Phoebe bournei and Phoebe zhennan in Subtropical China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1764. [PMID: 30555502 PMCID: PMC6284062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To assess the impacts of ozone (O3) on carbon metabolism of subtropical broadleaved tree species, seedlings of Phoebe bournei and Phoebe zhennan were exposed to elevated O3 levels in open-top chambers (OTCs) from June to November 2014. Three treatments were conducted in nine total OTCs, including charcoal-filter air (CF) as a control treatment, low O3 treatment 'O3-1' (∼100 nl l-1), and high O3 treatment 'O3-2' (∼150 nl l-1). Our findings demonstrated that elevated O3 levels significantly decreased the net photosynthesis rates (Pn ) and leaf, root, and total biomass of both species, while it did not significantly affect the root/shoot ratio in P. bournei and P. zhennan. O3-1 treatments significantly increased water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in leaves of both tree species, while only increased the total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and starch in leaves of P. bournei; effects on P. zhennan were equivalent in comparison to the control treatment (CF). Likewise, there was no effect of treatment on the polysaccharide content of both tree species. The contents of polysaccharide, starch contents in fine roots of both species, and TNC in fine roots of P. bournei increased significantly in O3-1 compared to CF. O3-2 treatment significantly decreased starch and TNC in the fine roots of P. bournei, and significantly decreased polysaccharide, starch, WSC, and TNC in the fine roots of P. zhennan. Elevated O3 had no effects on leaf polysaccharide in both species, but O3-1 significantly increased polysaccharide in the fine roots of both species, and O3-1 significantly increased WSC in the leaves while decreased that in the fine roots of both species. These results suggested that elevated O3 levels have significant impacts on the carbon metabolism of both tree species in our study, with differential responses between tree species and among leaves and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - He Shang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Watanabe M, Hoshika Y, Inada N, Koike T. Photosynthetic activity in relation to a gradient of leaf nitrogen content within a canopy of Siebold's beech and Japanese oak saplings under elevated ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1455-1462. [PMID: 29913605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to describe parameters related to the leaf biochemical assimilation capacity of photosynthesis, such as the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax), as a function of the leaf nitrogen content throughout a canopy of Siebold's beech and Japanese oak grown under elevated ozone (O3) conditions during a growing season. To this end, we investigated the relationship between photosynthetic traits and leaf nitrogen content in various canopy positions of two tree species under free-air O3 exposure (60 nmol mol-1, during daylight hours) in June, August, and October 2012. We observed O3-induced reduction in Vcmax and Jmax without reduction of leaf nitrogen content in both tree species. In Siebold's beech, Vcmax and Jmax in leaves with higher Narea were largely decreased by O3 from August, while little effect of O3 was observed in leaves with lower Narea. On the other hand, there was no difference in the extent of O3-induced reduction in Vcmax and Jmax across the range of Narea in leaves of Japanese oak. Reduction of leaf nitrogen content under elevated O3 conditions was observed only in Siebold's beech in October. These results indicated that the decrease in the efficiency of photosynthetic nitrogen use is in an earlier step in O3-induced decline of photosynthesis in Siebold's beech and Japanese oak. Based on these results, we emphasize the importance of integration of O3 effects into the conventional estimation of Vcmax and Jmax from leaf nitrogen content for evaluating canopy photosynthesis under current and future elevated O3 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Naoki Inada
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608589, Japan.
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Xu W, Shang B, Xu Y, Yuan X, Dore AJ, Zhao Y, Massad RS, Feng Z. Effects of elevated ozone concentration and nitrogen addition on ammonia stomatal compensation point in a poplar clone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:760-770. [PMID: 29625300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The stomatal compensation point of ammonia (χs) is a key factor controlling plant-atmosphere NH3 exchange, which is dependent on the nitrogen (N) supply and varies among plant species. However, knowledge gaps remain concerning the effects of elevated atmospheric N deposition and ozone (O3) on χs for forest species, resulting in large uncertainties in the parameterizations of NH3 incorporated into atmospheric chemistry and transport models (CTMs). Here, we present leaf-scale measurements of χs for hybrid poplar clone '546' (Populusdeltoides cv. 55/56 x P. deltoides cv. Imperial) growing in two N treatments (N0, no N added; N50, 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 urea fertilizer added) and two O3 treatments (CF, charcoal-filtered air; E-O3, non-filtered air plus 40 ppb) for 105 days. Our results showed that χs was significantly reduced by E-O3 (41%) and elevated N (19%). The interaction of N and O3 was significant, and N can mitigate the negative effects of O3 on χs. Elevated O3 significantly reduced the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) and chlorophyll (Chl) content and significantly increased intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci), but had no significant effect on stomatal conductance (gs). By contrast, elevated N did not significantly affect all measured photosynthetic parameters. Overall, χs was significantly and positively correlated with Asat, gs and Chl, whereas a significant and negative relationship was observed between χs and Ci. Our results suggest that O3-induced changes in Asat, Ci and Chl may affect χs. Our findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing parameterizations of χs in CTMs in response to environmental change factors (i.e., elevated N deposition and/or O3) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anthony J Dore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Raia-Silvia Massad
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Agroparistech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Li P, De Marco A, Feng Z, Anav A, Zhou D, Paoletti E. Nationwide ground-level ozone measurements in China suggest serious risks to forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:803-813. [PMID: 29128249 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We processed hourly ozone (O3) concentrations collected in 2015 and in 2016 by a network of 1497 stations across China, with the main aim of assessing the risk that present ambient O3 exposure is posing to Chinese forests. Our results indicate that the values of the metrics AOT40 (the accumulated hourly O3 concentrations above 40 ppb during daylight hours) recommended as European Union standard, and W126 (the sum of weighted hourly concentrations from 8:00 to 20:00) recommended as USA standard for forest protection, exceeded the critical levels (5 ppm h across 6 months for AOT40 and 7-21 ppm h over 3 months for W126) on average by 5.1 and 1.2 times, respectively. N100 showed on average 65 annual exceedances of 100 ppb as hourly value. The 12-h and 24-h averages showed a small difference, suggesting high concentrations also at night. Risk was higher for the northern temperate climate than for the southern tropical and sub-tropical climates, and overall for the northern regions than for the southern regions. Higher risk occurred in the non-urban areas than in the urban areas in northern, south-west and north-west China, whereas risk was higher at urban areas in eastern and southern China. The overall results of this first nationwide assessment suggest a significant risk for forests over the entire China and warrant for urgent measures for controlling O3 precursor emissions and establishing standards of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian Distract, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan Disctrict, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 31, Rome, Italy; National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian Distract, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan Disctrict, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Alessandro Anav
- ENEA Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 31, Rome, Italy; National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daojing Zhou
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian Distract, Beijing, 100085, China; National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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26
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Zhang WW, Wang M, Wang AY, Yin XH, Feng ZZ, Hao GY. Elevated ozone concentration decreases whole-plant hydraulic conductance and disturbs water use regulation in soybean plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:183-195. [PMID: 29193125 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated tropospheric ozone (O3 ) concentration has been shown to affect many aspects of plant performance including detrimental effects on leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. However, it is not known whether such changes are accompanied by concomitant responses in plant hydraulic architecture and water relations, which would have great implications for plant growth and survival in face of unfavorable water conditions. A soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar commonly used in Northeast China was exposed to non-filtered air (NF, averaged 24.0 nl l-1 ) and elevated O3 concentrations (eO3 , 40 nl l-1 supplied with NF air) in six open-top chambers for 50 days. The eO3 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in whole-plant hydraulic conductance that is mainly attributable to the reduced hydraulic conductance of the root system and the leaflets, while stem and leaf petiole hydraulic conductance showed no significant response to eO3 . Stomatal conductance of plants grown under eO3 was lower during mid-morning but significantly higher at midday, which resulted in substantially more negative daily minimum water potentials. Moreover, excised leaves from the eO3 treated plants showed significantly higher rates of water loss, suggesting a lower ability to withhold water when water supply is impeded. Our results indicate that, besides the direct detrimental effects of eO3 on photosynthetic carbon assimilation, its influences on hydraulic architecture and water relations may also negatively affect O3 -sensitive crops by deteriorating the detrimental effects of unfavorable water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Miao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ai-Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao-Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Yu H, Cao J, Chen Z, Shang H. Effects of elevated O 3 on physiological and biochemical responses in three kinds of trees native to subtropical forest in China during non-growing period. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:716-725. [PMID: 29245146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have documented the negative effects of ozone (O3) on tree species in growing season, however, little is done in non-growing season. Three evergreen tree species, Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang (P. bournei), Machilus pauhoi Kanehira (M. pauhoi) and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd (T. chinensis), were exposed to non-filtered air, 100 nmol mol-1 O3 air (E1) and 150 nmol mol-1 O3 air (E2) in open-top chambers in subtropical China. In the entire period of experiment, O3 fumigation decreased net photosynthesis rate (Pn) through stomatal limitation during the transition period from growing to non-growing season (TGN), and through non-stomatal limitation during the period of non-growing season (NGS) in all species tested. Meanwhile, O3 fumigation reduced and delayed the resilience of Pn in all species tested during the transition period from non-growing to growing season (TNG). O3 fumigation significantly decreased chlorophyll contents during NGS, whereas no obvious injury symptoms were observed till the end of experiment. O3 fumigation induced increases in levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, total phenolics and reduced ascorbic acid, and changes in four plant endogenous hormones as well in all species tested during NGS. During NGS, E1 and E2 reduced Pn by an average of 80.11% in P. bournei, 94.56% in M. pauhoi and 12.57% in T. chinensis, indicating that the O3 sensitivity was in an order of M. pauhoi > P. bournei > T. chinensis. Overall, O3 fumigation inhibited carbon fixation in all species tested during NGS. Furthermore, O3-induced physiological activities also consumed the dry matter. All these suggested that elevated O3, which is likely to come true during NGS in the future, will adversely affect the accumulation of dry matter and the resilience of Pn during TNG in evergreen tree species, and further inhibit their growth and development in the upcoming growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jixin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - He Shang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Shang B, Feng Z, Li P, Calatayud V. Elevated ozone affects C, N and P ecological stoichiometry and nutrient resorption of two poplar clones. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:136-144. [PMID: 29175475 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of elevated ozone on C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) ecological stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in different organs including leaves, stems and roots were investigated in poplar clones 546 (P. deltoides cv. '55/56' × P. deltoides cv. 'Imperial') and 107 (P. euramericana cv. '74/76') with a different sensitivity to ozone. Plants were exposed to two ozone treatments, NF (non-filtered ambient air) and NF60 (NF with targeted ozone addition of 60 ppb), for 96 days in open top chambers (OTCs). Significant ozone effects on most variables of C, N and P ecological stoichiometry were found except for the C concentration and the N/P in different organs. Elevated ozone increased both N and P concentrations of individual organs while for C/N and C/P ratios a reduction was observed. On these variables, ozone had a greater effect for clone 546 than for clone 107. N concentrations of different leaf positions ranked in the order upper > middle > lower, showing that N was transferred from the lower senescent leaves to the upper ones. This was also indicative of N resorption processes, which increased under elevated ozone. N resorption of clone 546 was 4 times larger than that of clone 107 under ambient air (NF). However, elevated ozone (NF60) had no significant effect on P resorption for both poplar clones, suggesting that their growth was only limited by N, while available P in the soil was enough to sustain growth. Understanding ecological stoichiometric responses under ozone stress is crucial to predict future effects on ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Fundación CEAM, c/ Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Yu H, Shang H, Cao J, Chen Z. How important is woody tissue photosynthesis in EuCahetus dunnii Maiden and Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. under O 3 stress? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2112-2120. [PMID: 29110232 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the negative effects of elevated O3 on leaf photosynthesis. Within trees, a portion of respired CO2 is assimilated by woody tissue photosynthesis, but its response to elevated O3 remains unclear. Saplings of two evergreen tree species, EuCahetus dunnii Maiden (E. dunnii) and Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. (O. fragrans), were exposed to non-filtered air (NF), 100 nmol mol-1 O3 air (E1) and 150 nmol mol-1 O3 air (E2) in open-top chambers from May 5 to September 5, 2016 (8 h a day; 7 days a week) in subtropical China. In this study, O3 fumigation significantly reduced leaf net photosynthesis rate in both two tree species on most measurements. However, compared with leaf net photosynthesis rate, woody tissue gross photosynthesis rate showed less negative response to O3 fumigation and was even stimulated to increase. Refixation rate reflects the utilization efficiency of the respired CO2 by woody tissue photosynthesis. During the experiment period, E1 and E2 both increased refixation rate in O. fragrans compared with NF. Whereas for E. dunnii, E1 increased refixation rate until 81 days after starting of fumigation and then decreased it, and E2 decreased it all the time. Refixation rate had a significant positive correlation with woody tissue chlorophyll contents, indicating that the response of refixation rate to elevated O3 may relate to chlorophyll contents. All these suggested that under O3 fumigation, when atmospheric CO2 uptake and fixation by leaf is limited, woody tissue photosynthesis can contribute more to the total carbon assimilation in trees. The findings help to understand the significance of woody tissue photosynthesis under elevated O3 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - He Shang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jixin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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30
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Feng Z, Büker P, Pleijel H, Emberson L, Karlsson PE, Uddling J. A unifying explanation for variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:78-84. [PMID: 28722164 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is considered the most detrimental air pollutant for vegetation at the global scale, with negative consequences for both provisioning and climate regulating ecosystem services. In spite of recent developments in ozone exposure metrics, from a concentration-based to a more physiologically relevant stomatal flux-based index, large-scale ozone risk assessment is still complicated by a large and unexplained variation in ozone sensitivity among tree species. Here, we explored whether the variation in ozone sensitivity among woody species can be linked to interspecific variation in leaf morphology. We found that ozone tolerance at the leaf level was closely linked to leaf dry mass per unit leaf area (LMA) and that whole-tree biomass reductions were more strongly related to stomatal flux per unit leaf mass (r2 = 0.56) than to stomatal flux per unit leaf area (r2 = 0.42). Furthermore, the interspecific variation in slopes of ozone flux-response relationships was considerably lower when expressed on a leaf mass basis (coefficient of variation, CV = 36%) than when expressed on a leaf area basis (CV = 66%), and relationships for broadleaf and needle-leaf species converged when using the mass-based index. These results show that much of the variation in ozone sensitivity among woody plants can be explained by interspecific variation in LMA and that large-scale ozone impact assessment could be greatly improved by considering this well-known and easily measured leaf trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Håkan Pleijel
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Shang B, Feng Z, Li P, Yuan X, Xu Y, Calatayud V. Ozone exposure- and flux-based response relationships with photosynthesis, leaf morphology and biomass in two poplar clones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017. [PMID: 28624639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poplar clones 546 (P. deltoides cv. '55/56'×P. deltoides cv. 'Imperial') and 107 (P. euramericana cv. '74/76') were exposed to five ozone concentrations in 15 open-top chambers (OTCs). Both ozone exposure (AOT40, Accumulation Over a Threshold hourly ozone concentration of 40ppb) and flux-based (POD7, Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above an hourly flux threshold of 7nmol O3 m-2 PLA (projected leaf area) s-1) response relationships were established with photosynthesis, leaf morphology and biomass variables. Increases in both metrics showed significant negative relationships with light-saturated photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, leaf mass per area, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light and root biomass but not with stomatal conductance (gs), leaf and stem biomass. Ozone had a greater impact on belowground than on aboveground biomass. The ranking of these indicators from higher to lower sensitivity to ozone was: photosynthetic parameters, morphological index, and biomass. Clone 546 had a higher sensitivity to ozone than clone 107. The coefficients of determination (R2) were similar between exposure- and flux-based dose-response relationships for each variable. The critical levels (CLs) for a 5% reduction in total biomass for the two poplar clones were 14.8ppmh for AOT40 and 9.8mmol O3 m-2 PLA for POD7. In comparison, equivalent reduction occurred at much lower values in photosynthetic parameters (4ppmh for AOT40 and 3mmol O3 m-2 PLA for POD7) and LMA (5.8ppmh for AOT40 and 4mmol O3 m-2 PLA for POD7). While in recent decades different CLs have been proposed for several plant receptors especially in Europe, studies focusing on both flux-based dose-response relationships and CLs are still scarce in Asia. This study is therefore valuable for regional O3 risk assessment in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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32
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Fusaro L, Palma A, Salvatori E, Basile A, Maresca V, Asadi Karam E, Manes F. Functional indicators of response mechanisms to nitrogen deposition, ozone, and their interaction in two Mediterranean tree species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185836. [PMID: 28973038 PMCID: PMC5626521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition, tropospheric ozone (O3) and their interaction were investigated in two Mediterranean tree species, Fraxinus ornus L. (deciduous) and Quercus ilex L. (evergreen), having different leaf habits and resource use strategies. An experiment was conducted under controlled condition to analyse how nitrogen deposition affects the ecophysiological and biochemical traits, and to explore how the nitrogen-induced changes influence the response to O3. For both factors we selected realistic exposures (20 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 80 ppb h for nitrogen and O3, respectively), in order to elucidate the mechanisms implemented by the plants. Nitrogen addition resulted in higher nitrogen concentration at the leaf level in F. ornus, whereas a slight increase was detected in Q. ilex. Nitrogen enhanced the maximum rate of assimilation and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration in both species, whereas it influenced the light harvesting complex only in the deciduous F. ornus that was also affected by O3 (reduced assimilation rate and accelerated senescence-related processes). Conversely, Q. ilex developed an avoidance mechanism to cope with O3, confirming a substantial O3 tolerance of this species. Nitrogen seemed to ameliorate the harmful effects of O3 in F. ornus: the hypothesized mechanism of action involved the production of nitrogen oxide as the first antioxidant barrier, followed by enzymatic antioxidant response. In Q. ilex, the interaction was not detected on gas exchange and photosystem functionality; however, in this species, nitrogen might stimulate an alternative antioxidant response such as the emission of volatile organic compounds. Antioxidant enzyme activity was lower in plants treated with both O3 and nitrogen even though reactive oxygen species production did not differ between the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fusaro
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Palma
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Basile
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Biology Department, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Maresca
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Biology Department, Naples, Italy
| | - Elham Asadi Karam
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Biology Department, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fausto Manes
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, Italy
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33
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Li P, Feng Z, Catalayud V, Yuan X, Xu Y, Paoletti E. A meta-analysis on growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of woody species to ground-level ozone highlights the role of plant functional types. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2369-2380. [PMID: 28744869 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-sink strength of temperate and boreal forests at midlatitudes of the northern hemisphere is decreased by ozone pollution, but knowledge on subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests is missing. Taking the dataset from Chinese studies covering temperate and subtropical regions, effects of elevated ozone concentration ([O3 ]) on growth, biomass, and functional leaf traits of different types of woody plants were quantitatively evaluated by meta-analysis. Elevated mean [O3 ] of 116 ppb reduced total biomass of woody plants by 14% compared with control (mean [O3 ] of 21 ppb). Temperate species from China were more sensitive to O3 than those from Europe and North America in terms of photosynthesis and transpiration. Significant reductions in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and ascorbate peroxidase induced significant injury to photosynthesis and growth (height and diameter). Importantly, subtropical species were significantly less sensitive to O3 than temperate ones, whereas deciduous broadleaf species were significantly more sensitive than evergreen broadleaf and needle-leaf species. These findings suggest that carbon-sink strength of Chinese forests is reduced by present and future [O3 ] relative to control (20-40 ppb). Given that (sub)-tropical evergreen broadleaved species dominate in Chinese forests, estimation of the global carbon-sink constraints due to [O3 ] should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Vicent Catalayud
- Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
- National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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Dai L, Li P, Shang B, Liu S, Yang A, Wang Y, Feng Z. Differential responses of peach (Prunus persica) seedlings to elevated ozone are related with leaf mass per area, antioxidant enzymes activity rather than stomatal conductance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:380-388. [PMID: 28482318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the ozone (O3) sensitivity among peach tree (Prunus persica) cultivars widely planted in Beijing region and explore the possible eco-physiological response mechanisms, thirteen cultivars of peach seedlings were exposed to either charcoal-filtered air or elevated O3 (E-O3, non-filtered ambient air plus 60 ppb) for one growing season in open-top chambers. Leaf structure, stomatal structure, gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation were measured in three replicated chambers. Results showed that E-O3 significantly reduced abaxial epidemis thickness, but no effects on the thicknesses of adaxial epidemis, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Stomatal area, density and conductance were not significantly affected by E-O3. E-O3 significantly accelerated leaf senescence, as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation and more declines in light-saturated photosynthetic rate and pigments contents. The reduced ascorbate content (ASC) was decreased but antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, APX and SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were significantly increased by E-O3 among cultivars. The cultivars with visible symptoms also had more reductions in net photosynthetic rate than those without visible symptoms. Ozone sensitivity among cultivars was strongly linked to leaf mass per area (LMA), antioxidant enzymes activity e.g. SOD, APX rather than stomatal parameters (stomatal area, density and conductance) and ASC. Results could provide a theoretical basis for selecting and breeding the ozone-resistant cultivars of peach trees grown in high O3-polluted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture PR China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture PR China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Younian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture PR China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture PR China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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Yu H, Chen Z, Shang H, Cao J. Physiological and biochemical responses of Machilus ichangensis Rehd. et Wils and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. to elevated O 3 in subtropical China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17418-17427. [PMID: 28593538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable researches have documented the negative effects of ozone on woody species in North America and Europe; however, little is known about how woody tree species respond to elevated O3 in subtropical China, and most of the previous studies were conducted using pot experiment. In the present study, Machilus ichangensis Rehd. et Wils (M. ichangensis) and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. (T. chinensis), evergreen tree species in subtropical China, were exposed to non-filtered air (NF), 100 nmol mol-1 O3 (E1) and 150 nmol mol-1 O3 (E2), in open-top chambers under field conditions from 21st March to 2nd November 2015. In this study, O3 fumigation significantly reduced net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in M. ichangensis in the three measurements and in T. chinensis in the last measurement. Also, non-stomatal factors should be primarily responsible for the decreased Pn. O3 fumigation-induced increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced ascorbic acid levels indicated that antioxidant defense mechanism had been stimulated to prevent O3 stress and repair the oxidative damage. Yet, the increase of antioxidant ability was not enough to counteract the harm of O3 fumigation. Because of the decrease in CO2 assimilation, the growth of the two tree species was restrained ultimately. The sensitivity of the two tree species to O3 can be determined: M. ichangensis > T. chinensis. It suggests a close link between the rising O3 concentrations and the health risk of some tree species in subtropics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - He Shang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jixin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration of China, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Li P, Calatayud V, Gao F, Uddling J, Feng Z. Differences in ozone sensitivity among woody species are related to leaf morphology and antioxidant levels. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1105-1116. [PMID: 27217527 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) sensitivity varies greatly among plant species. Leaf traits such as stomatal conductance, antioxidant capacity and leaf morphology and anatomy may play important roles in controlling this variation, but the relative contributions of each trait remain elusive. In this study, we examined the differences in O3 sensitivity among 29 deciduous and evergreen woody species used for urban greening in China in an open-top chamber experiment. Elevated O3 caused visible injury and reductions in net photosynthesis, and these effects differed significantly among species. The deciduous species Sorbaria sorbifolia, Hibiscus syriacus and Fraxinus chinensis were the most sensitive, while evergreen species ranked among the most tolerant. O3 sensitivity was linked to both low leaf mass per area (LMA) and low leaf area-based antioxidant levels, but not to variation in leaf mass-based antioxidant levels or stomatal conductance. The well-known and easily measured leaf trait LMA thus represents a potentially useful metric for O3 risk assessment and for selecting appropriate species for urban greening in O3-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
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37
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Yao FF, Ding HM, Feng LL, Chen JJ, Yang SY, Wang XH. Photosynthetic and growth responses of Schima superba seedlings to sulfuric and nitric acid depositions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8644-58. [PMID: 26797956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A continuing rise in acid deposition can cause forest degradation. In China, acid deposition has converted gradually from sulfuric acid deposition (SAD) to nitric acid deposition (NAD). However, the differing responses of photosynthesis and growth to depositions of sulfuric vs. nitric acid have not been well studied. In this study, 1-year-old seedlings of Schima superba, a dominant species in subtropical forests, were treated with two types of acid deposition SO4 (2-)/NO3 (-) ratios (8:1 and 0.7:1) with two applications (foliar spraying and soil drenching) at two pH levels (pH 3.5 and pH 2.5) over a period of 18 months. The results showed that the intensity, acid deposition type, and spraying method had significant effects on the physiological characteristics and growth performance of seedlings. Acid deposition at pH 2.5 via foliar application reduced photosynthesis and growth of S. superba, especially in the first year. Unlike SAD, NAD with high acidity potentially alleviated the negative effects of acidity on physiological properties and growth, probably due to a fertilization effect that improved foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll contents. Our results suggest that trees were damaged mainly by direct acid stress in the short term, whereas in the long term, soil acidification was also likely to be a major risk to forest ecosystems. Our data suggest that the shift in acid deposition type may complicate the ongoing challenge of anthropogenic acid deposition to ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Yao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 315114, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Ming Ding
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Hua Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 315114, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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38
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Cassimiro JC, Moraes RM. Responses of a tropical tree species to ozone: visible leaf injury, growth, and lipid peroxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8085-90. [PMID: 26780049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian native tree species Astronium graveolens was indicated as sensitive to ozone in a fumigation experiment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate how sensitive A. graveolens is to ozone under realistic conditions in the field. Eighteen saplings were exposed to ozone in a contaminated area and in a greenhouse with filtered air during two exposure periods of approximately 63 days each (March-May 2012 and September-October 2012). Leaf injury was analyzed by means of its incidence and severity, the leaf injury index (LII) and the progression of leaf abscission. These variables were monitored weekly, whereas growth and lipid peroxidation were monitored monthly. Plants exposed to ozone showed significant growth decrease and visible leaf injury increase, but lipid peroxidation and leaf abscission remained unchanged. These results indicated that plants subjected to ozone possibly diverted energy from growth to the production of antioxidants necessary to cope with ozone-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina M Moraes
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972, São Paulo, Brazil.
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39
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Effects of Elevated Ozone on Stoichiometry and Nutrient Pools of Phoebe Bournei (Hemsl.) Yang and Phoebe Zhennan S. Lee et F. N. Wei Seedlings in Subtropical China. FORESTS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/f7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Hu E, Gao F, Xin Y, Jia H, Li K, Hu J, Feng Z. Concentration- and flux-based ozone dose-response relationships for five poplar clones grown in North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:21-30. [PMID: 26340296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentration- and flux-based O3 dose-response relationships were developed for poplars in China. Stomatal conductance (gs) of five poplar clones was measured to parameterize a Jarvis-type multiplicative gs model. The maximum gs and other model parameters varied between clones. The strongest relationship between stomatal O3 flux and total biomass was obtained when phytotoxic ozone dose (POD) was integrated using an uptake rate threshold of 7 nmol m(-2) s(-1). The R(2) value was similar between flux-based and concentration-based dose-response relationships. Ozone concentrations above 28-36 nmol mol(-1) contributed to reducing the biomass production of poplar. Critical levels of AOT40 (accumulated O3 exposure over 40 nmol mol(-1)) and POD7 in relation to 5% reduction in total biomass for poplar were 12 μmol mol(-1) h and 3.8 mmol m(-2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dongxiaofu 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dongxiaofu 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Büker P, Feng Z, Uddling J, Briolat A, Alonso R, Braun S, Elvira S, Gerosa G, Karlsson PE, Le Thiec D, Marzuoli R, Mills G, Oksanen E, Wieser G, Wilkinson M, Emberson LD. New flux based dose-response relationships for ozone for European forest tree species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:163-74. [PMID: 26164201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To derive O3 dose-response relationships (DRR) for five European forest trees species and broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf tree plant functional types (PFTs), phytotoxic O3 doses (PODy) were related to biomass reductions. PODy was calculated using a stomatal flux model with a range of cut-off thresholds (y) indicative of varying detoxification capacities. Linear regression analysis showed that DRR for PFT and individual tree species differed in their robustness. A simplified parameterisation of the flux model was tested and showed that for most non-Mediterranean tree species, this simplified model led to similarly robust DRR as compared to a species- and climate region-specific parameterisation. Experimentally induced soil water stress was not found to substantially reduce PODy, mainly due to the short duration of soil water stress periods. This study validates the stomatal O3 flux concept and represents a step forward in predicting O3 damage to forests in a spatially and temporally varying climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Büker
- Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Z Feng
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidan District, 100085 Beijing, China.
| | - J Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Briolat
- Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - R Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Braun
- Institut für Angewandte Pflanzenbiologie (IAP), Sandgrubenstraβe 25/27, 4124 Schönenbuch, Switzerland.
| | - S Elvira
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Gerosa
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Niccolò Tartaglia", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Musei 41, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - P E Karlsson
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, IVL, Box 5302, 40014 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - D Le Thiec
- UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, INRA, Rue D'Amance, 54280 Champenoux, France.
| | - R Marzuoli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "Niccolò Tartaglia", Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Musei 41, 25121 Brescia, Italy.
| | - G Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom.
| | - E Oksanen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Post Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - G Wieser
- Department for Natural Hazards and Alpine Timberline, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Hofburg 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Wilkinson
- Centre for Sustainable Forestry & Climate Change, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, United Kingdom.
| | - L D Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute at York, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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Feng Z, Sun J, Wan W, Hu E, Calatayud V. Evidence of widespread ozone-induced visible injury on plants in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:296-301. [PMID: 24989347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-induced visible injury in vegetation are very scarce. Visible injury was investigated on July and August 2013 in the main parks, forest and agricultural areas of Beijing. Ozone injury was widespread in the area, being observed in 28 different species. Symptoms were more frequent in rural areas and mountains from northern Beijing, downwind from the city, and less frequent in city gardens. Among crops, injury to different types of beans (genera Phaseolus, Canavalia and Vigna) was common, and it was also observed in watermelon, grape vine, and in gourds. Native species such as ailanthus, several pines and ash species were also symptomatic. The black locust, the rose of Sharon and the Japanese morning glory were among the injured ornamental plants. Target species for broader bio-monitoring surveys in temperate China have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingsong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wuxing Wan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China
| | - Enzhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Fundación CEAM, c/Charles R. Darwin 14, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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43
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Zhang W, Feng Z, Wang X, Niu J. Impacts of elevated ozone on growth and photosynthesis of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 226:182-188. [PMID: 25113463 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One-year-old Metasequoia glyptostroboides seedlings were exposed to non-filtered ambient air (NF) and elevated ozone (E-O3, NF+60 ppb) in open-top chambers for two years. E-O3 accelerated leaf senescence, as indicated by significant decreases in photosynthetic pigment contents with the elongation of O3 exposure. E-O3 significantly affected gas exchange and carboxylation, inducing reductions in light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat), the maximum activity of Rubisco (Vc,max) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). Chl a/b, Vc,max/Jmax and stomatal limitation (l) were not affected. Stomatal conductance (gs) was significantly decreased by E-O3 in the first year, but remained unchanged in the second year. It can be inferred that the decrease in Asat by E-O3 was mainly attributed to the changes in non-stomatal factors. After two years' exposure, E-O3 caused significant decreases in canopy photosynthesis and leaf mass per area, and a significant increase in the number of branches, but induced slight, not significant decreases in growth and biomass. Therefore, it can be concluded that the carbon accumulation of the species M. glyptostroboides could be negatively affected after long-term exposure to high O3 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
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Hoshika Y, Carriero G, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Paoletti E. Determinants of stomatal sluggishness in ozone-exposed deciduous tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:453-458. [PMID: 24631608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of ozone effects on dynamic stomatal response is still limited, especially in Asian tree species. We thus examined ozone effects on steady-state leaf gas exchange and stomatal dynamics in three common tree species of China (Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus chinensis and Platanus orientalis). Seedlings were grown and were exposed to three levels of ozone in open-top chambers (42, 69, 100 nmol mol(-1) daylight average, from 09:00 to 18:00). At steady-state, ozone exposure induced an uncoupling of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, as the former decreased while the latter did not. Dynamic stomatal response was investigated by cutting the leaf petiole after a steady-state stomatal conductance was reached. Ozone exposure increased stomatal sluggishness, i.e., slowed stomatal response after leaf cutting, in the following order of sensitivity, F. chinensis>A. altissima>P. orientalis. A restriction of stomatal ozone flux reduced the ozone-induced sluggishness in P. orientalis. The ozone-induced impairment of stomatal control was better explained by stomatal ozone flux per net photosynthesis rather than by stomatal ozone flux only. This suggests that ozone injury to stomatal control depends both on the amount of ozone entering a leaf and on the capacity for biochemical detoxification or repair. Leaf mass per area and the density of stomata did not affect stomatal sluggishness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giulia Carriero
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Watanabe M, Hoshika Y, Koike T. Photosynthetic responses of Monarch birch seedlings to differing timings of free air ozone fumigation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:339-345. [PMID: 24366364 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of different periods of ozone (O3) fumigation on photosynthesis in leaves of the Monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana), we undertook free air O3 fumigation to Monarch birch seedlings at a concentration of 60 nmol mol(-1) during daytime. Plants were exposed to O3 at early, late or both periods in the growing season. The light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (A(sat)) in July and August was reduced by O3 exposure through a reduction in the maximum rate of carboxylation (V(c,max)). In early September, on the other hand, despite a reduction in V(c,max), A(sat) was not reduced by O3 due to a counteracting increase in the stomatal conductance. Through the experiment, there was no difference in sensitivity to O3 between maturing and matured leaves. We analyzed the relationship between A(sat), V(c,max) and accumulated stomatal O3 flux (AF(st)). Whereas V(c,max) decreased with increasing AF(st), the correlation between A(sat) and AF(st) was weak because the response of stomatal conductance to O3 was affected by season. We conclude photosynthetic response of Monarch birch to O3 exposure changes with season. This is due to the inconstant stomatal response to O3 but not due to the respose of biochemical assimilation capacity in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Watanabe
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
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Alonso R, Elvira S, González-Fernández I, Calvete H, García-Gómez H, Bermejo V. Drought stress does not protect Quercus ilex L. from ozone effects: results from a comparative study of two subspecies differing in ozone sensitivity. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:375-384. [PMID: 23890191 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term effects of ozone (O3) exposure and drought stress were assessed on two subspecies of Quercus ilex: ssp. ilex and ssp. ballota. Two-year-old seedlings were continuously exposed for 26 months in open-top chambers to three O3 treatments: charcoal filtered air, non-filtered air and non-filtered air supplemented with 40 nl · l(-1) O3. Additionally, two irrigation regimes were adopted: half of the plants were well-watered and the others received half of the water supplied to control plants. Growth, shoot water potential and gas exchange rates were assessed seasonally, and biomass accumulation was determined at the end of the experiment. Drought stress caused higher reductions of gas exchange, growth and biomass accumulation than O3 exposure in both subspecies. The combination of O3 and drought stress caused further decreases of accumulated aboveground biomass but no additive effects were observed on gas exchange rates or root biomass. Thus, drought stress did not protect Q. ilex from O3 effects on biomass when the response of the whole plant was considered. Q. ilex ssp. ballota was more sensitive to O3 and ssp. ilex was more affected by drought stress. The different O3 sensitivity was not only related to pollutant uptake but also to the ability of plants for resource acquisition and allocation. Based on biomass dose-response functions, Q. ilex is more resistant to O3 than other European evergreen tree species, however, O3 represents an additional stress factor that might be impairing plant ability to withstand current and future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT (Ed. 70), Madrid, Spain
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Koike T, Watanabe M, Hoshika Y, Kitao M, Matsumura H, Funada R, Izuta T. Effects of Ozone on Forest Ecosystems in East and Southeast Asia. DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-098349-3.00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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