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Pan Y, Jia C, Zhu Z, Su Z, Wei X, Yin R, Ma C, Sun W, Wu H, Wu F, Li AJ, Qiu R. Occurrence and health risks of multiple emerging bisphenol S analogues in pregnant women from South China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135431. [PMID: 39128146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing concern regarding the emergence of bisphenol S analogues (BPSs) due to their potential toxicity. However, their exposure levels and associated health risks in susceptible populations remain unknown. In our study, we analyzed bisphenol A (BPA), along with 11 common BPA analogues (BPAs), and nine emerging BPSs in urine samples collected from 381 pregnant women in South China. All nine BPSs were first detected in pregnant women's urine. In addition to BPA, two BPAs, three BPSs including Diphenylsulfone (DPS), Bis(phenylsulfonyl)phenol (DBSP) and Bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (TGSA), were identified as the predominant bisphenols, with detection frequencies ranging from 53-100 %. BPA still exhibited the highest median concentration at 0.624 ng/mL, followed by DPS (0.169 ng/mL), BPS (0.063 ng/mL) and DBSP (0.023 ng/mL). Importantly, mothers with higher levels of BPA, DBSP, DPS, and TGSA in their urine are statistically more likely to give birth to premature infants with shorter lengths at birth or smaller head circumference (p < 0.05). Although the median exposure to 21 bisphenols did not exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BPA, it did surpass the recently proposed BPA TDI (0.2 ng/kg bw/day) by a factor ranging from 1.1-99 times. This study signifies the first report unveiling the prevalence of multiple bisphenols, particularly emerging BPSs, in the urine of pregnant women in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, 512005, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Zhenni Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiwen Su
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Renli Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, 512005, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China.
| | - Adela Jing Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Chen M, Liang J, Wei H, Mu C, Tang Y, Wu X, Jiang Q, Pang L, Huang X, Ma P, Wu H, Qiu X, Huang D. Association of alkylphenols exposure with serum liver function markers in pregnant women in Guangxi, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116676. [PMID: 38986336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The liver toxicity of alkylphenols (APs) has been demonstrated in animal studies. However, relevant epidemiological evidence is still lacking in humans, especially during pregnancy. We obtained the levels of biochemical indicators of liver function in early (<13 weeks, mean gestation=9.80±1.96 weeks) and late (≥32 weeks, mean gestation = 37.23±2.45 weeks) pregnancies from 219 pregnant women in the Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort from 2015-2017. We also examined the serum levels of APs in these pregnant women in early pregnancy. The present study aimed to investigate the correlations between the exposure of pregnant women to APs and their serum liver function indices. The results of the generalized linear model (GLM) in this study revealed that nonylphenol (NP) was positively correlated with total bilirubin (TBIL) (P=0.04) in early pregnancy, and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-N-NP) was negatively correlated with glutamyl transferase (GGT) (P=0.012). In late pregnancy, NP was positively associated with TBIL (P=0.002), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-T-OP) was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P=0.02). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) results revealed doseresponse relationships between NP and TBIL (Poverall=0.011) and between 4-N-NP and GGT (Poverall=0.007) in early pregnancy. In late pregnancy, there were doseresponse relationships between NP and TBIL (Poverall=0.001) and between 4-T-OP and ALT (Poverall=0.033). There was also a doseresponse relationship between NP volume and GGT with an inverted 'U' shape (Poverall=0.041, Pnonlinear=0.012). Bayesian kernel machine regression modeling (BKMR) revealed that TBIL increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of coexposure to APs in both early and late pregnancy. Overall, exposure to APs during pregnancy affects maternal liver function to varying degrees. The present study provides new epidemiological evidence that exposure to alkylphenols in pregnant women interferes with liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Chen
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Huanni Wei
- Department of Scientific Research, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Changhui Mu
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qunjiao Jiang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lixiang Pang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaorong Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Longan County People's Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jingxi City People's Hospital, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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Fu J, Yao Y, Huang Z, Guo Z, Chen X, Tang X, Ge Y, Xiao Q, Sha Y, Lu S. Sex-Specific and Trimester-Specific Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenols, Parabens, and Triclosan with Neonatal Birth Size and Gestational Age. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:13687-13696. [PMID: 39067068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan (TCS) are common endocrine disrupters used in various consumer products. These chemicals have been shown to cross the placental barrier and affect intrauterine development of fetuses. In this study, we quantified serum levels of six bisphenols, five parabens, and TCS in 483 pregnant women from southern China. Quantile-based g-computation showed that combined exposure to bisphenols, parabens, and TCS was significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with birth weight (β = -39.9, 95% CI: -73.8, -6.1), birth length (β = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.04), head circumference (β = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.02), and thoracic circumference (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.04). An inverse correlation was also identified between mixture exposure and gestational age (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.01). Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol AP (BPAP), propylparaben (PrP), and TCS served as the dominant contributors to the overall effect. In subgroup analyses, male newborns were more susceptible to mixture exposure than females, whereas the exposure-outcome link was prominent among pregnant women in the first and second trimesters. More evidence is warranted to elucidate the impacts of exposure to mixtures on birth outcomes, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Yao
- Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulong Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Ge
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Sha
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
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Varshavsky JR, Meeker JD, Zimmerman E, Woodbury ML, Aung MT, Rosario-Pabon ZY, Cathey AL, Vélez-Vega CM, Cordero J, Alshawabkeh A, Eick SM. Association of Phenols, Parabens, and Their Mixture with Maternal Blood Pressure Measurements in the PROTECT Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:87004. [PMID: 39140735 PMCID: PMC11323763 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are used widely in consumer and personal care products and have been associated with reproductive harm and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, studies examining their influence on maternal blood pressure and gestational hypertension are limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between individual phenols, parabens, and their mixture on maternal blood pressure measurements, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and hypertension during pregnancy (defined as stage 1 or 2 hypertension), among N = 1,433 Puerto Rico PROTECT study participants. METHODS We examined these relationships cross-sectionally at two time points during pregnancy (16-20 and 24-28 wks gestation) and longitudinally using linear mixed models (LMMs). Finally, we used quantile g-computation to examine the mixture effect on continuous (SBP, DBP) and binary (hypertension during pregnancy) blood pressure outcomes. RESULTS We observed a trend of higher odds of hypertension during pregnancy with exposure to multiple analytes and the overall mixture [including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), triclocarbon (TCC), triclosan (TCS), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), methyl paraben (M-PB), propyl paraben (P-PB), butyl paraben (B-PB), and ethyl paraben (E-PB)], especially at 24-28 wk gestation, with an adjusted mixture odds ratio ( OR ) = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.38). Lower SBP and higher DBP were also associated with individual analytes, with results from LMMs most consistent for methyl paraben (M-PB) or propyl paraben (P-PB) and increased DBP across pregnancy [adjusted M-PB β = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.38) and adjusted P-PB β = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.19, 1.51)] and for BPA, which was associated with decreased SBP (adjusted β = - 0.57 ; 95% CI: - 1.09 , - 0.05 ). Consistent with other literature, we also found evidence of effect modification by fetal sex, with a strong inverse association observed between the overall exposure mixture and SBP at visit 1 among participants carrying female fetuses only. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that phenol and paraben exposure may collectively increase the risk of stage 1 or 2 hypertension during pregnancy, which has important implications for fetal and maternal health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R. Varshavsky
- Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan L. Woodbury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Max T. Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zaira Y. Rosario-Pabon
- Department of Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Amber L. Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen M. Vélez-Vega
- Department of Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - José Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lv Y, Jia Z, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li C, Chen X, Xia W, Liu H, Xu S, Li Y. Prenatal EDC exposure, DNA Methylation, and early childhood growth: A prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108872. [PMID: 38986426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been found to be associated with growth and developmental abnormalities in children. However, the potential mechanisms by which exposure to EDCs during pregnancy increases the risk of obesity in children remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore associations between prenatal EDC exposure and the body mass index (BMI) of children at age two, and to further explore the potential impact of DNA methylation (DNAm). METHOD This study included 285 mother-child pairs from a birth cohort conducted in Wuhan, China. The BMI of each child was assessed at around 24 months of age. The concentrations of sixteen EDCs at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The research utilized general linear models, weighted quantile sum regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression to assess the association between prenatal EDC exposure and childhood BMI z-scores (BMIz). Cord blood DNAm was measured using the Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip array. An epigenome-wide DNAm association study related to BMIz was performed using robust linear models. Mediation analysis was then applied to explore potential mediators of DNAm. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of seven EDCs were positively associated with BMIz in the 1st trimester, which remained significant in the WQS model. A total of 641 differential DNAm positions were associated with elevated BMIz. Twelve CpG positions (annotated to DUXA, TMEM132C, SEC13, ID4, GRM4, C2CD2, PRAC1&PRAC2, TSPAN6 and DNAH10) mediated the associations between urine BP-3/BPS/MEP/TCS and elevated BMIz (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that prenatal exposure to EDCs was associated with a higher risk of childhood obesity, with specific DNAm acting as a partial mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yizhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chengxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Fu J, Yao Y, Huang Z, Huang J, Zhang D, Li X, Xu J, Xiao Q, Lu S. Prenatal exposure to benzophenone-type UV filters and the associations with neonatal birth outcomes and maternal health in south China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108797. [PMID: 38838486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters are commonly added to sunscreens and cosmetics to protect against UV radiation for human skin and hair. As a result, BPs are ubiquitous in the environment and human body, and their endocrine-disrupting characteristics have been a hot topic of discussion. However, our knowledge regarding the detrimental effects of prenatal exposure to BPs on pregnant women and their offspring remains limited. To fill this gap, we determined five BP derivatives in 600 serum samples obtained from pregnant women. All the target analytes, except 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), have achieved a 100 % detection rate. The most prevalent compound was 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), with a median concentration of 0.545 ng/mL. Significant and positive correlations were observed among BP derivatives, indicating both endogenous metabolism and common external sources. Utilizing Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) models, we found relationships between BP exposure and reduced neonatal birth weight (BW) and birth chest circumference (BC) during the third trimester. Notably, the adverse effect of BPs on birth size was sex-specific. Moreover, triglyceride (TG) was identified as a potential mediator of the effect of BPs on blood pressure, and co-exposure to BPs was linked to disruptions in thyroid hormone levels and glucose regulation. Further research is warranted to unravel the toxicity of BPs and their detrimental effects on pregnant women and fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Genetics Laboratory, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiayin Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Chaichian S, Khodabandehloo F, Haghighi L, Govahi A, Mehdizadeh M, Ajdary M, Varma RS. Toxicological Impact of Bisphenol A on Females' Reproductive System: Review Based on Experimental and Epidemiological Studies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1781-1799. [PMID: 38532232 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The study encompassing research papers documented in the last two decades pertaining to the possible influence of bisphenol A (BPA) on the fertility of females are appraised with emphasis on the influence of BPA in reproductive organs (uterus and ovaries) and pregnancy outcomes including discussion on the reproductive process (implantation, estrous cycle, hormone secretion); outcomes reveal a connection amongst BPA and female infertility. Ovary, uterus, and its shape as well as function can alter a person's ability to become pregnant by influencing the hypothalamus-pituitary axis in the ovarian model. Additionally, implantation and the estrous cycle may be affected by BPA. However, more research is warranted to comprehend the underlying action mechanisms and to promptly identify any imminent reproductive harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Chaichian
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khodabandehloo
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Haghighi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Govahi
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ajdary
- Endometriosis Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Lin YJ, Li HM, Gao YR, Wu PF, Cheng B, Yu CL, Sheng YX, Xu HM. Environmentally relevant concentrations of benzophenones exposure disrupt intestinal homeostasis, impair the intestinal barrier, and induce inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123948. [PMID: 38614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of benzophenones (BPs) on the intestinal tract of mice and the potential mechanism. F1-generation ICR mice were exposed to BPs (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, and benzophenone-3) by breastfeeding from birth until weaning, and by drinking water after weaning until maturity. The offspring mice were executed on postnatal day 56, then their distal colons were sampled. AB-PAS staining, HE staining, immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscope, immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and RT-qPCR were used to study the effects of BPs exposure on the colonic tissues of offspring mice. The results showed that colonic microvilli appeared significantly deficient in the high-dose group, and the expression of tight junction markers Zo-1 and Occludin was significantly down-regulated and the number of goblet cells and secretions were reduced in all dose groups, and the expression of secretory cell markers MUC2 and KI67 were decreased, as well as the expression of intestinal stem cell markers Lgr5 and Bmi1, suggesting that BPs exposure caused disruption of intestinal barrier and imbalance in the composition of the intestinal stem cell pool. Besides, the expression of cellular inflammatory factors such as macrophage marker F4/80 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α was elevated in the colonic tissues of all dose groups, and the inflammatory infiltration was observed, which means the exposure of BPs caused inflammatory effects in the intestinal tract of F1-generation mice. In addition, the contents of Notch/Wnt signaling pathway-related genes, such as Dll-4, Notch1, Hes1, Ctnnb1and Sfrp2 were significantly decreased in each high-dose group (P < 0.05), suggesting that BPs may inhibit the regulation of Notch/Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, exposure to BPs was able to imbalance colonic homeostasis, disrupt the intestinal barrier, and trigger inflammation in the offspring mice, which might be realized through interfering with the Notch/Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Rong Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping-Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Chen-Long Yu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu-Xin Sheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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9
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Kek T, Geršak K, Virant-Klun I. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan) and their associations with preterm birth in humans. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108580. [PMID: 38522559 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth in humans (PTB), defined as birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation, is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with adverse health outcomes later in life. Attributed to many different etiological factors, estimated 15.1 million or 11.1% of births each year are preterm, which is more than 1 per 10 livebirths globally. Environmental pollution is a well-established risk factor that could influence the pathogenesis of PTB. Increasing evidence has shown an association between maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and PTB. This scoping review aims to summarize current research on the association between EDC exposure and PTB in humans. Database PubMed was used to identify articles discussing the effect of selected EDCs, namely bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, parabens, and triclosan, found in plastics, cosmetics and other personal care products, on PTB occurrence. Regardless of some inconsistences in the findings across studies, the reviewed studies suggest a potential association between involuntary exposure to reviewed EDCs and the risk of PTB. However, further studies are needed to delineate exact correlations and mechanisms through which EDC exposure causes PTB so that efficient preventative measures could be implemented. Until then, health care providers should inform women about possible EDC exposure thus empowering them to make healthy choices and at the same time decrease the EDC negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kek
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Ksenija Geršak
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Irma Virant-Klun
- Clinical Research Centre, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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10
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Yao YN, Wang Y, Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhang T, Kannan K. A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2024; 3:30-44. [PMID: 38162868 PMCID: PMC10757257 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Benzophenone ultraviolet light filters (BPs) are high-production-volume chemicals extensively used in personal care products, leading to widespread human exposure. Given their estrogenic properties, the potential health risks associated with exposure to BPs have become a public health concern. This review aims to summarize sources and pathways of exposure to BPs and associated health risks. Dermal exposure, primarily through the use of sunscreens, constitutes a major pathway for BP exposure. At a recommended application rate, dermal exposure of BP-3 via the application of sunscreens may reach or exceed the suggested reference dose. Other exposure pathways to BPs, such as drinking water, seafood, and packaged foods, contribute minimal to the overall dose. Inhalation is a minor pathway of exposure; however, its contribution cannot be ignored. Human exposure to BPs is an order of magnitude higher in North America than in Asia and Europe. Studies conducted on laboratory animals and cells have consistently demonstrated the toxic effects of BP exposure. BPs are estrogenic and elicit reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and carcinogenicity have been reported from chronic BP exposure. In addition to animal and cell studies, epidemiological investigations have identified associations between BPs and couples' fecundity and other reproductive disorders, as well as adverse birth outcomes. Further studies are urgently needed to understand the risks posed by BPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - You Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hengling Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, NY 12237, USA
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11
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Wang PW, Huang YF, Wang CH, Fang LJ, Chen ML. Prenatal to preschool exposure of nonylphenol and bisphenol A exposure and neurodevelopment in young children. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:76-84. [PMID: 37679260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) are produced in large quantities worldwide as multipurpose agents. However, studies on relations between NP and BPA exposure and childhood neurodevelopment are few, and the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate associations between prenatal and early childhood NP and BPA exposure and neurodevelopment in mother-child pairs. METHODS Pregnant women at 27-38 weeks' gestation were recruited, as were children 2-3 years of age (n = 94) and 4-6 years of age (n = 56) years. Urine was collected to assess NP and BPA exposure. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition; Bayley-III), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (4th edition), and the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (WPPSI-IV-FSIQ) were used to assess the neurodevelopment of the children. RESULTS The detection rate and concentration of NP and BPA in the urine of children 4-6 years old were higher than in those 2-3 years old. Children were divided into a high concentration group (3rd tertile) and a reference group (1st and 2nd tertiles) based on natural log-transformed urine concentration of NP and BPA. Girls' Bayley-III motor scores in the high concentration group were higher than those of the BPA reference group of urine of mothers (β = 6.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58-12.13). Boys' FSIQ in the higher concentration group were significantly lower than those in children 2-3 years old in the NP reference group (β = -11.29, 95% CI: -18.62 to -3.96) (all, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and childhood exposure to NP and BPA may have different effects on the neurodevelopment of young children, and there are no consistent effects between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Yangming Campus, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Yangming Campus, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Yangming Campus, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Puche-Juarez M, Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rivas A, Diaz-Castro J, Ochoa JJ. The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 37960310 PMCID: PMC10648368 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances widely disseminated both in the environment and in daily-life products which can interfere with the regulation and function of the endocrine system. These substances have gradually entered the food chain, being frequently found in human blood and urine samples. This becomes a particularly serious issue when they reach vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, whose hormones are more unstable and vulnerable to EDCs. The proper formation and activity of the placenta, and therefore embryonic development, may get seriously affected by the presence of these chemicals, augmenting the risk of several pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. Additionally, some of them also exert a detrimental impact on fertility, thus hindering the reproductive process from the beginning. In several cases, EDCs even induce cross-generational effects, inherited by future generations through epigenetic mechanisms. These are the reasons why a proper understanding of the reproductive and gestational alterations derived from these substances is needed, along with efforts to establish regulations and preventive measures in order to avoid exposition (especially during this particular stage of life).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
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13
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Tantengco OAG, Vidal MS, Bento GFC, Menon R. Impact of bisphenol A on cell viability and inflammatory cytokine production in human cervical epithelial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13784. [PMID: 37881122 PMCID: PMC10607601 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM An intact cervix is a barrier that prevents pathogenic bacteria from invading the uterine and amniotic cavity during pregnancy. Its disruption is associated with ascending infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study analyzed the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in plastics manufacturing, on cell death and inflammation in cervical epithelial cells. METHODS Ectocervical epithelial (ecto) and endocervical epithelial (endo) cells were treated with 100 ng/mL and 300 ng/mL of BPA for 48 h. The cells were subjected to flow cytometry using annexin V and propidium iodide to determine apoptosis and necrosis, cell cycle analysis, and ELISA to determine the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10). RESULTS Low-dose and high-dose BPA significantly increased the live ecto cell population dose-dependently. BPA did not have any noticeable effect on cell cycle progression in either cell type. BPA treatment also decreased the apoptotic ecto and endo cell population dose-dependently. Lastly, high dose BPA significantly increased IL-6 in ecto and endo cells. However, IL-8 and IL-10 were not affected by BPA treatments. CONCLUSION Chemical exposure damage to the cervix can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our study showed that the BPA concentrations reported in pregnant subjects do not induce cervical cell toxicity . The decrease in apoptosis and increase in live cells may be a compensatory mechanism to preserve the integrity of the cervical epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourlad Alzeus G Tantengco
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Giovana Fernanda Cosi Bento
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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14
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Mervish N, Valle C, Teitelbaum SL. Epidemiologic Advances Generated by the Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource Program. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2023; 10:148-157. [PMID: 38318392 PMCID: PMC10840994 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-023-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Mervish
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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15
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Teiri H, Samaei MR, Dehghani M, Azhdarpoor A, Mohammadi F, Kelishadi R, Hajizadeh Y. Maternal exposure to benzophenone derivatives and their impacts on offspring's birth outcomes in a Middle Eastern population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9484. [PMID: 37301947 PMCID: PMC10257379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread use of benzophenones (BPs), a group of environmental phenolic compounds, is suspected of interfering with human health. The association of prenatal exposure to benzophenone derivatives with birth outcomes including birth weight and length, head, arm and thoracic circumference, abnormalities, corpulence index and anterior fontanelle diameter (AFD) was investigated. Mother-infant pairs of 166 within PERSIAN cohort population in Isfahan, Iran, in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were assessed. Four common benzophenone metabolites including 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-OH-BP) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-8) were measured in maternal urine samples. The median concentration of 4-OH-BP, BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 were 3.15, 16.98, 9.95 and 1.04 µg/g Cr, respectively. In the 1st trimester, 4-OH-BP showed a significant correlation with AFD in total infants, decreasing 0.034 cm AFD per a log unit increase of 4-OH-BP. Within the male neonates, 4-OH-BP in the 1st and BP-8 in the 3rd trimester were significantly associated with head circumference and AFD increase, respectively. Among female neonates in the 3rd trimester, increasing 4-OH-BP and BP-3 concentration was correlated with a decrease in birth weight and AFD, respectively. This study demonstrated that all the target BP derivatives can influence normal fetal growth at any age of the pregnancy, nevertheless, to support these findings further studies are needed in a large and different group population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Ma J, Wang Z, Qin C, Wang T, Hu X, Ling W. Safety of benzophenone-type UV filters: A mini review focusing on carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138455. [PMID: 36944403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumer products containing benzophenone-type ultraviolet (UV) filters (BPs) have been widely accepted by the public, resulting in the widely existence of various BPs in the human body and environment. In recent years, more and more evidences show that BPs are endocrine disruptors. In view of the continuous exposure risk of BPs and their endocrine disrupting characteristics, the carcinogenicity of BPs and their effects on reproduction and development are of particular concern. However, due to the wide varieties of BPs and the scattered toxicity studies on BPs, people have a limited understanding on the safety of BPs. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity of BPs in order to expand people's knowledge on the health risks of BPs and screen for more safe BPs. Although existing toxicological studies are insufficient, it can be determined that BPs have different potentials for carcinogenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Among those BPs, 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl benzophenone needs to be used with caution due to its adverse effects on cancer cell proliferation and migration, reproductive ability, sex differentiation, neurodevelopment, and so on. It is worth noting that functional group substitutions significantly affect the interaction between BPs and biomolecules such as DNA, cancer cells, and seminal fluid, resulting in different levels of toxicity. In short, it is very necessary to evaluate the carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity of BPs, which is of great significance for establishing reasonable BPs content standards in cosmetics, water quality treatment standards for BPs, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Ma
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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17
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Chesson A, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Silano (until 21 December 2020†) V, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Vernis L, Zorn H, Batke M, Bignami M, Corsini E, FitzGerald R, Gundert‐Remy U, Halldorsson T, Hart A, Ntzani E, Scanziani E, Schroeder H, Ulbrich B, Waalkens‐Berendsen D, Woelfle D, Al Harraq Z, Baert K, Carfì M, Castoldi AF, Croera C, Van Loveren H. Re-evaluation of the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2023; 21:e06857. [PMID: 37089179 PMCID: PMC10113887 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.6857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, EFSA established a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for BPA of 4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day. In 2016, the European Commission mandated EFSA to re-evaluate the risks to public health from the presence of BPA in foodstuffs and to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI). For this re-evaluation, a pre-established protocol was used that had undergone public consultation. The CEP Panel concluded that it is Unlikely to Very Unlikely that BPA presents a genotoxic hazard through a direct mechanism. Taking into consideration the evidence from animal data and support from human observational studies, the immune system was identified as most sensitive to BPA exposure. An effect on Th17 cells in mice was identified as the critical effect; these cells are pivotal in cellular immune mechanisms and involved in the development of inflammatory conditions, including autoimmunity and lung inflammation. A reference point (RP) of 8.2 ng/kg bw per day, expressed as human equivalent dose, was identified for the critical effect. Uncertainty analysis assessed a probability of 57-73% that the lowest estimated Benchmark Dose (BMD) for other health effects was below the RP based on Th17 cells. In view of this, the CEP Panel judged that an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of 2 was needed for establishing the TDI. Applying an overall UF of 50 to the RP, a TDI of 0.2 ng BPA/kg bw per day was established. Comparison of this TDI with the dietary exposure estimates from the 2015 EFSA opinion showed that both the mean and the 95th percentile dietary exposures in all age groups exceeded the TDI by two to three orders of magnitude. Even considering the uncertainty in the exposure assessment, the exceedance being so large, the CEP Panel concluded that there is a health concern from dietary BPA exposure.
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Eftekhari A, Morrison GC. Exposure to oxybenzone from sunscreens: daily transdermal uptake estimation. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:283-291. [PMID: 34531536 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fugacity, the driving force for transdermal uptake of chemicals, can be difficult to predict based only on the composition of complex, non-ideal mixtures such as personal care products. OBJECTIVE Compare the predicted transdermal uptake of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) from sunscreen lotions, based on direct measurements of BP-3 fugacity in those products, to results of human subject experiments. METHODS We measured fugacity relative to pure BP-3, for commercial sunscreens and laboratory mixtures, using a previously developed/solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. The measured fugacity was combined with a transdermal uptake model to simulate urinary excretion rates of BP-3 resulting from sunscreen use. The model simulations were based on the reported conditions of four previously published human subject studies, accounting for area applied, time applied, showering and other factors. RESULTS The fugacities of commercial lotions containing 3-6% w/w BP-3 were ~20% of the supercooled liquid vapor pressure. Simulated dermal uptake, based on these fugacities, are within a factor of 3 of the mean results reported from two human-subject studies. However, the model significantly underpredicts total excreted mass from two other human-subject studies. This discrepancy may be due to limitations in model inputs, such as fugacity of BP-3 in lotions used in those studies. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that combining measured fugacity with such a model may provide order-of-magnitude accurate predictions of transdermal uptake of BP-3 from daily application of sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Eftekhari
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Glenn C Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Mustieles V, Balogh RK, Axelstad M, Montazeri P, Márquez S, Vrijheid M, Draskau MK, Taxvig C, Peinado FM, Berman T, Frederiksen H, Fernández MF, Marie Vinggaard A, Andersson AM. Benzophenone-3: Comprehensive review of the toxicological and human evidence with meta-analysis of human biomonitoring studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107739. [PMID: 36805158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and its major metabolite benzophenone-1 (BP-1) are widely used as UV filters in sunscreens and cosmetics to prevent sunburn and skin damage, or as stabilizers to prevent photodegradation in many commercial products. As a result, their presence is ubiquitous in the environment, wildlife and humans. Based on endocrine disruption concerns, international regulatory agencies are performing a closer evaluation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This work aimed to comprehensively review the available human relevant evidence for safety issues in MEDLINE/PubMed in order to create a structured database of studies, as well as to conduct an integrative analysis as part of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative. RESULTS A total of 1,635 titles and abstracts were screened and 254 references were evaluated and tabulated in detail, and classified in different categories: i) exposure sources and predictors; ii) human biomonitoring (HBM) exposure levels to perform a meta-analysis; iii) toxicokinetic data in both experimental animals and humans; iv) in vitro and in vivo rodent toxicity studies; and v) human data on effect biomarkers and health outcomes. Our integrative analysis showed that internal peak BP-3 concentrations achieved after a single whole-body application of a commercially available sunscreen (4% w/w) may overlap with concentrations eliciting endocrine disrupting effects in vitro, and with internal concentrations causing in vivo adverse female reproductive effects in rodents that were supported by still limited human data. The adverse effects in rodents included prolonged estrous cycle, altered uterine estrogen receptor gene expression, endometrium hyperplasia and altered proliferation and histology of the mammary gland, while human data indicated menstrual cycle hormonal alterations and increased risk of uterine fibroids and endometriosis. Among the modes of action reported (estrogenic, anti-androgenic, thyroid, etc.), BP-3 and especially BP-1 showed estrogenic activity at human-relevant concentrations, in agreement with the observed alterations in female reproductive endpoints. The meta-analysis of HBM studies identified a higher concern for North Americans, showing urinary BP-3 concentrations on average 10 and 20 times higher than European and Asian populations, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our work supports that these benzophenones present endocrine disrupting properties, endorsing recent European regulatory efforts to limit human exposure. The reproducible and comprehensive database generated may constitute a point of departure in future risk assessments to support regulatory initiatives. Meanwhile, individuals should not refrain from sunscreen use. Commercially available formulations using inorganic UV filters that are practically not absorbed into systemic circulation may be recommended to susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ria K Balogh
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Parisa Montazeri
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Márquez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica K Draskau
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francisco M Peinado
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Environmental Health, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9101002, Israel
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Forde MS, Côté S, Laouan Sidi EA, Gaudreau É, Ayotte P. Evaluation of Bisphenol A in Pregnant Women from 10 Caribbean Countries. TOXICS 2022; 10:556. [PMID: 36287837 PMCID: PMC9609213 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a phenolic chemical incorporated into many plastic products, has been found to act as an endocrine disruptor that potentially is linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Prenatal BPA concentration levels were assessed in 10 English-speaking Caribbean countries by randomly selecting 15 maternal urine samples from approximately 50 pregnant women samples collected in each island and then comparing the findings with comparable data from Canada and the U.S. BPA was detected in all samples ranging from a low geometric mean of 1.46 μg/L (St. Lucia) to a high of 4.88 μg/L (St. Kitts & Nevis). All of the Caribbean islands sampled had geometric mean concentration levels that were higher than those recorded in two Canadian biomonitoring surveys (1.26 μg/L and 0.80 μg/L) and the U.S. NHANES survey (1.39 μg/L). This first biomonitoring survey of BPA concentration levels in maternal urine samples taken from Caribbean countries clearly points to the need for Caribbean governments and public health officials to first engage in legislative and regulatory efforts to ban or minimize the importation and use of BPA products used the Caribbean and, second, to continue to conduct biomonitoring surveys so as to ensure that these laws and regulations are indeed leading to a decrease of BPA concentrations in Caribbean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Forde
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada FZ818, West Indies
| | - Suzanne Côté
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Elhadji A. Laouan Sidi
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
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Mao JF, Li W, Ong CN, He Y, Jong MC, Gin KYH. Assessment of human exposure to benzophenone-type UV filters: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107405. [PMID: 35843073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the harmful effects of UV radiation, benzophenone-type UV filters (BPs) are widely used in personal care products and other synthetic products. Biomonitoring studies have shown the presence of BPs in various human biological samples, raising health concerns. However, there is a paucity of data on the global human exposure to this group of contaminants. In this study, we compiled data on the body burden of BPs along with the possible exposure routes and biotransformation pathways. BPs can easily penetrate the skin barrier and thus, they can be absorbed through the skin. In the human body, BPs can undergo Phase I (mainly demethylation and hydroxylation) and Phase II (mainly glucuronidation and sulfation) biotransformations. From a total of 158 studies, most of the studies are related to urine (concentration up to 92.7 mg L-1), followed by those reported in blood (up to 0.9 mg L-1) and milk (up to 0.8 mg L-1). Among BPs, benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-3 are the most commonly detected congeners. The body burden of BPs is associated with various factors, including the country of residence, lifestyle, income, education level, and ethnicity. The presence of BPs in maternal urine (up to 1.1 mg L-1), placenta (up to 9.8 ng g-1), and amniotic fluid (up to 15.7 μg L-1) suggests potential risks of prenatal exposure. In addition, transplacental transfer of BPs is possible, as demonstrated by their presence in maternal serum and cord serum. The possible association of BPs exposure and health effects was discussed. Future human biomonitoring studies and studies on the potential health effects are warranted. Overall, this review provides a summary of the global human exposure to BPs and can serve as supporting evidence to guide usage in order to protect humans from being exposed to BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Feijian Mao
- Center for Eco-Environment Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210098, China; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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22
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Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Krause M, Frederiksen H, Andersson AM, Bräuner EV. Sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth size outcomes in offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155565. [PMID: 35508231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence on the effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on birth size remains largely inconclusive. We aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between maternal exposure to parabens, phenols and phthalates during pregnancy and birth weight, length and head/abdominal circumferences. We performed a prospective study of 88 pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis in the period 2012 to 2014. Maternal urine samples were collected during pregnancy in weeks 12 to 36 (median: 18 weeks). The concentrations of parabens, phenols and individual phthalate diester metabolites were analyzed by isotope-diluted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and osmolality adjusted. Linear regression models estimated the associations between urinary levels of selected compounds (tertile(T2-T3)medium/high versus T1low exposure) and birth size, stratified by offspring sex. A total of three parabens, two phenols, four individual phthalate metabolites and four sums of diester metabolites were detectable above limits of detection in at least 60% of urine samples. Overall, we observed few statistically significant associations, but medium/high exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in male offspring was associated with statistically significant lower birth size across most outcomes [birth weight: -428 g (95% CI -756 to -99.4); birth length: -1.76 cm (95% CI -3.28 to -0.25); abdominal circumference: -1.97 cm (95% CI -3.55 to -0.39)]. Similarly, medium/high exposure to methyl paraben (MeP) in male offspring was associated with lower birth weight (-661 g, 95% CI -1251 to -70.7) and length (-3.11 cm, 95% CI -5.76 to -0.46) compared to low exposure. None of these associations were statistically significant in female offspring. Across all compounds, individual exposures were associated with more negative estimates of birth weight for male than for female offspring. Our study indicates that prenatal exposure to BPA and MeP may negatively affect birth size outcomes, with a possible sex effect. Given the small sample size, these findings need to be replicated in future larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Jiang Q, Liu R, Liu T, Liang J, Wu Y, Feng B, Liu S, Li H, Pan D, Qiu X, Huang D. Relationship between exposure of alkylphenols in serum of pregnant women during early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52954-52963. [PMID: 35274207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols are a type of endocrine disruptors, which are commonly found in personal care products, food, and water and are more harmful to the human body. To investigate the relationship between exposure of alkylphenols in serum of pregnant women during early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, a total of 2035 healthy pregnant women and their neonates were recruited in the birth cohort of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi from 2015 to 2018. The peripheral venous blood samples were collected from pregnant women in early pregnancy; the concentrations of nonylphenol (NP), 4-nonylphenol (4-N-NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-T-OP), and 4-n-octylphenol (4-N-OP) in serum were detected by ultra-performance liquid performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Binary logistic regression showed that NP [OR = 1.40 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.94)] was positively associated with preterm birth. Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that logNP and log4-T-OP had non-linearity associations with preterm birth (logNP: Poverall = 0.006, Pnon-linear = 0.003; log4-T-OP: Poverall = 0.004, Pnon-linear = 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal serum concentration of NP was negatively associated with birth weight of perinatal infants (β = -14.68, 95% CI: -29.18, -0.19), which may be sensitive in male neonates (β = -26.18, 95% CI: -47.33, -5.02). The findings demonstrate that nonylphenol is a risk factor of preterm birth, and nonylphenol is negatively associated with the birth weight in male infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunjiao Jiang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Runfeng Liu
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Huaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Medical Administration Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebe, 075000, China
| | - Baoying Feng
- Department of Nutrition, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530011, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dongxiang Pan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Human risk assessment of 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling: analysis of gender exposure differences and application to exposure analysis related to large exposure variability in population. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2687-2715. [PMID: 35723719 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
As a toxic substance, 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) or 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) is widely present in the environment. 4-n-NP is a single substance with a linear-alkyl side chain, but 4-NP usually refers to a random mixture containing various branched types. Unfortunately, human risk assessment and/or exposure level analysis for 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) were almost nonexistent, and related research was urgently needed. This study aimed to analyze the various exposures of 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) through development of a physiologically based-pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model considering gender difference in pharmacokinetics of 4-n-NP and its application to human risk assessment studies. A PBPK model was newly developed considering gender differences in 4-n-NP pharmacokinetics and applied to a human risk assessment for each gender. Exposure analysis was performed using a PBPK model that considered gender differences in 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) exposure and high variabilities in several countries. Furthermore, an extended application was attempted as a human risk assessment for random mixture 4-NP, which is difficult to accurately evaluate in reality. External-exposure and margin-of-safety estimated with the same internal exposure amount differed between genders, meaning the need for a differentiated risk assessment considering gender. Exposure analysis based on biomonitoring data confirmed large variability in exposure to 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) by country, group, and period. External-exposures estimated using PBPK model varied widely, ranging from 0.039 to 63.875 mg/kg/day (for 4-n-NP or 4-NP). By country, 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) exposure was higher in females than in males and the margin-of-safety tended to be low. Overall, exposure to 4-n-NP (or 4-NP) in populations was largely not safe, suggesting need for ongoing management and monitoring. Considering low in vivo accumulation confirmed by PBPK model, risk reduction of 4-n-NP is possible by reducing its use.
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Liang J, Yang C, Liu T, Tang P, Huang H, Wei H, Liao Q, Long J, Zeng X, Liu S, Huang D, Qiu X. Single and mixed effects of prenatal exposure to multiple bisphenols on hemoglobin levels and the risk of anemia in pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112625. [PMID: 34973942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphenols have endocrine-disrupting effects, which may disrupt hemoglobin (Hb) homeostasis and lead to anemia. However, the effects of bisphenols on anemia remain unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effects of single- and multiple-exposure to bisphenols on Hb levels and anemia of pregnant women. METHODS The study involved 2035 pregnant women from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China. Generalized linear regression, principal component analysis (PCA), quantile g-computation (Qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were performed to examine the effects of serum bisphenols on Hb levels and the risk of anemia. RESULTS After adjustment, elevated bisphenol A (BPA) levels were correlated with decreased Hb concentrations (β = -0.51; 95%CI: -0.92, -0.10) in the first trimester, and these correlations were more sensitive in mothers of males. Compared with the low-exposure group, bisphenol B (BPB) levels in the high-exposure group led to a 1.52 g/L (95%CI: -3.01, -0.03) decrease in Hb levels in the second trimester; tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) levels in the high-exposure group led to a higher the risk of anemia in the third trimester (OR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.99); bisphenol F (BPF) in the high-exposure group led to lower Hb levels (β = -2.42; 95%CI:-4.69, -0.14) in mothers of male fetuses in the third trimester. Qgcomp showed that elevated levels of bisphenol mixture was correlated with (β = -1.42; 95%CI: -2.61, -0.24) decrease in Hb levels in the second trimester. PCA revealed a negative association between PC2 and Hb levels in the first trimester (β = -0.89; 95%CI: -1.61, -0.17). Similarly, a negative relationship was observed between PC1 and Hb levels in the third trimester among mothers with male fetuses (β = -1.00; 95%CI: -1.94, -0.06). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to single and mixed bisphenols may decrease Hb levels and increase the risk of anemia during pregnancy, the associations may be greater in mothers with male fetuses than those with female fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunxiu Yang
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Huaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huishen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huanni Wei
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinghua Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Lin Y, He M, Zeng X, Sheng X, Wang S, Cui F. 4-hydroxybenzophenone exposure inhibits mouse hippocampal neural stem cell proliferation in vitro by upregulating Cxcl1. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105367. [PMID: 35476924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenones are widely used in industry and commonly added in many personal care products. However, the neurotoxicity, in particular neurodevelopmental toxicity, of benzophenone family chemicals and metabolites has not been fully elucidated. Our recent mechanistic study in mice showed that early life exposure to a major benzophenone metabolite, 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4HBP), disrupted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis and evoked inflammatory response in hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs), leading to cognitive dysfunction. Despite so, detailed inflammatory cytokine(s) that possibly mediate this toxicity remains to be defined and validated. In this study, we confirmed that 4HBP treatment inhibited the viability and sphere growth of mouse NSCs in vitro. Importantly, re-interrogation of the transcriptomic data of NSCs treated with 4HBP identified the top upregulated genes, wherein the chemokine Cxcl1 ranked first. Immunofluorescent staining and qRT-PCR validated the robust induction of Cxcl1 on the protein and mRNA levels upon 4HBP treatment. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cxcl1 transiently blocked its expression and led to enhanced NSCs viability in the presence of 4HBP. Together, these in vitro results indicated that the adverse effect of benzophenones on NSCs is mediated, at least in part, by induction of the chemokine Cxcl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital/Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430033, China.
| | - Fengzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Teiri H, Samaei MR, Dehghani M, Azhdarpoor A, Hajizadeh Y, Mohammadi F, Kelishadi R. The association of prenatal exposure to benzophenones with gestational age and offspring size at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:24682-24695. [PMID: 34826089 PMCID: PMC8620316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, emerging environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have become a particular concern. This study examined the association of maternal exposure to benzophenones as one of the EDCs with gestational age and evaluated their effects on birth outcomes including birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and Ponderal Index. We assessed 166 pregnant mothers of the PERSIAN cohort population of Isfahan, Iran, in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and their infants at birth. Four common benzophenones (BPs) including 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-3), 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-OH-BP), and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (BP-8) were measured in maternal urine samples. The median urinary concentrations of 4-OH-BP, BP-3, BP-1, and BP-8 in the 1st trimester were 6.62, 7.5, 4.39, and 1.32 µg/g creatinine and those in the 3rd trimester were 3.15, 16.98, 9.95, and 1.04 µg/g creatinine, respectively. BP-3 was the predominant metabolite in both trimesters. There was a significant correlation between BP-3, BP-1, and 4-OH-BP levels (p < 0.05) but not BP-8. BP-1 showed a significant positive association with gestational age (GA) in all infants in the 1st trimester, but a negative association was observed between BP-3 and BP-1 levels and GA in girls. Classification of infants' birth weight for different GAs represented that the majority of them were appropriate for GA. However, boys' weights were heavier than girls. Also, birth outcomes of preterm (< 37 weeks) infants were noticeably lower than term infants (37-42 weeks). This study demonstrated that benzophenone derivatives especially BP-3 can affect the duration of pregnancy and consequently fetal growth in the early and late stages of pregnancy. This is more pronounced in girls; however, more investigations in a different population are needed to prove the results. Therefore, the application of these compounds as a UV protector requires precise regulation to reduce exposure, especially in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Teiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mansooreh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Matouskova K, Vandenberg LN. Towards a paradigm shift in environmental health decision-making: a case study of oxybenzone. Environ Health 2022; 21:6. [PMID: 34998398 PMCID: PMC8742442 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advancements make lives safer and more convenient. Unfortunately, many of these advances come with costs to susceptible individuals and public health, the environment, and other species and ecosystems. Synthetic chemicals in consumer products represent a quintessential example of the complexity of both the benefits and burdens of modern living. How we navigate this complexity is a matter of a society's values and corresponding principles. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop a series of ethical principles to guide decision-making within the landscape of environmental health, and then apply these principles to a specific environmental chemical, oxybenzone. Oxybenzone is a widely used ultraviolet (UV) filter added to personal care products and other consumer goods to prevent UV damage, but potentially poses harm to humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. It provides an excellent example of a chemical that is widely used for the alleged purpose of protecting human health and product safety, but with costs to human health and the environment that are often ignored by stakeholders. DISCUSSION We propose six ethical principles to guide environmental health decision-making: principles of sustainability, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, community, and precautionary substitution. We apply these principles to the case of oxybenzone to demonstrate the complex but imperative decision-making required if we are to address the limits of the biosphere's regenerative rates. We conclude that both ethical and practical considerations should be included in decisions about the commercial, pervasive application of synthetic compounds and that the current flawed practice of cost-benefit analysis be recognized for what it is: a technocratic approach to support corporate interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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29
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Shin HM, Oh J, Kim K, Busgang SA, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Schmidt RJ, Picciotto IH, Bennett DH. Variability of Urinary Concentrations of Phenols, Parabens, and Triclocarban during Pregnancy in First Morning Voids and Pooled Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16001-16010. [PMID: 34817155 PMCID: PMC8858442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary concentrations of phenols, parabens, and triclocarban have been extensively used as biomarkers of exposure. However, because these compounds are quickly metabolized and excreted in urine, characterizing participants' long-term average exposure from a few spot samples is challenging. To examine the variability of urinary concentrations of these compounds during pregnancy, we quantified four phenols, four parabens, and triclocarban in 357 first morning voids (FMVs) and 203 pooled samples collected during the second and third trimesters of 173 pregnancies. We computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) by the sample type (FMV and pool) across two trimesters and by the number of composite samples in pools, ranging from 2 to 4, within the same trimester. Among the three compounds detected in more than 50% of the samples, the ICCs across two trimesters were higher in pools (0.29-0.68) than in FMVs (0.17-0.52) and the highest ICC within the same trimester was observed when pooling either two or three composites. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben primarily exposed via cosmetic use had approximately 2-3 times higher ICCs than bisphenol A primarily exposed via diet. Our findings support that within-subject pooling of biospecimens can increase the reproducibility of pregnant women's exposure to these compounds and thus could potentially minimize exposure misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Corresponding author: Hyeong-Moo Shin, Ph.D., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Box 19049, Arlington, TX, 76019, ; Voice: 949-648-1614
| | - Jiwon Oh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stefanie A. Busgang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopment Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Irva Hertz Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopment Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Deborah H. Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), California, USA
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30
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de Miranda LLR, Harvey KE, Ahmed A, Harvey SC. UV-filter pollution: current concerns and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:840. [PMID: 34822005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UV-filters are widely used in cosmetics and personal care products to protect users' skin from redamage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Globally, an estimated 16,000 to 25,000 tonnes of products containing UV-filters were used in 2014 with modern consumption likely to be much higher. Beyond this use in cosmetics and personal care products, UV-filters are also widely used to provide UV-stability in industrial products such as paints and plastics. This review discusses the main routes by which UV-filters enter aquatic environments and summarises the conclusions of studies from the past 10 years that have investigated the effects of UV-filters on environmentally relevant species including corals, microalgae, fish, and marine mammals. Safety data regarding the potential impact of UV-filters on human health are also discussed. Finally, we explore the challenges surrounding UV-filter removal and research on more environmentally friendly alternatives to current UV-filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L R de Miranda
- Biomolecular Research Group, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - K E Harvey
- Biomolecular Research Group, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - A Ahmed
- Biomolecular Research Group, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - S C Harvey
- Biomolecular Research Group, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.
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31
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Li XN, Wu D, Liu Y, Zhang SS, Tian FL, Sun Q, Wei W, Cao X, Jia LH. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols, immune responses in cord blood and infantile eczema: A nested prospective cohort study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112987. [PMID: 34781129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that human exposure to bisphenols can increase the risk of allergic disease, such as child asthma. However, the mechanism by which exposure to bisphenols causes allergic disease is unclear. In addition, the effects of exposure to bisphenols during pregnancy on infantile eczema have been poorly studied. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of bisphenols (BPA, BPF and BPS) exposure during pregnancy on immune cells in cord blood, and on the occurrence of infantile eczema. 111 mother-child pairs with urine samples from pregnant women and cord blood were recruited from a birth cohort established in February 2019 in Shenyang, China. The levels of urinary bisphenols and Th1-, Th2-, Treg- and Th17-related genes, and cytokines in cord blood, as well as the incidence of infantile eczema at 6 and 12 months follow up were determined. Our results show that BPA, BPF and BPS were detected in 100%, 63.1% and 46.8% of the urine samples, respectively. The median concentration of urine specific gravity adjusted BPA (SG-BPA) was 7.46 ng/mL. High SG-BPA levels during pregnancy was independently associated with increased risk of infantile eczema (adjusted OR = 2.731, 95%CI: 1.064-7.012, P = 0.037). Higher levels of FOXP3 gene in cord blood had a significantly lower risk of developing eczema in infants (adjusted OR=0.430, 95%CI: 0.190-0.972, P = 0.042). However, BPS and BPF levels were not associated with infantile eczema. FOXP3 gene levels in cord blood mediated the relationship between SG-BPA levels during pregnancy and infantile eczema (indirect effect: β = 0.350 [CI:0.011,1.077]). Our findings indicate that high levels of BPA exposure during pregnancy increase the risk of infantile eczema, which may be associated with down-regulation of FOXP3 gene expression in cord blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ning Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Fu-Lin Tian
- Center for Public Health Safety Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of obstetrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Li-Hong Jia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang 110122, China.
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32
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Liang J, Yang C, Liu T, Tan HJJ, Sheng Y, Wei L, Tang P, Huang H, Zeng X, Liu S, Huang D, Qiu X. Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and risk of preterm birth: Findings from Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112960. [PMID: 34781130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), a serious adverse birth outcome, is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Bisphenols induce endocrine disruption that spreads across the placenta, which may affect fetal growth and development. However, the effects of bisphenols on PTB, particularly their combined effects, remain unknown. This study investigated the association between prenatal bisphenol exposure and PTB. Study participants were 2023 mother-infant pairs that were selected from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort. Maternal serum bisphenol levels were measured using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and pregnancy outcomes were obtained from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, principal component analysis (PCA), quantile g-computation (Qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to examine the association between serum bisphenol levels and PTB. Ln-transformed BPA concentrations were associated with an increased risk of PTB only in female infants (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.64). Ln-transformed bisphenol F (BPF) concentrations were positively associated with the risk of PTB (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.55). Inverse U-shaped relationships were observed between bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol S (BPS), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) levels and the risk of PTB (P-overall < 0.05, P-non-linear < 0.05). After sex stratification, the association between BPA analogs and PTB was only observed in males. In Qgcomp analysis, bisphenol mixtures were related to an increased risk of PTB (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.21), with BPF (43.7%), BPS (29.6%) and BPA (26.8%) having the greatest positive contribution. Results indicate that prenatal exposure to bisphenol mixtures might increase the risk of PTB, which might be primarily driven by BPA, BPF and BPS. There may also be sex-specific and nonmonotonic dose-dependent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunxiu Yang
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Huaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Juan Jennifer Tan
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - Yonghong Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangjia Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huishen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Wang J, Meng X, Feng C, Xiao J, Zhao X, Xiong B, Feng J. Benzophenone-3 induced abnormal development of enteric nervous system in zebrafish through MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130670. [PMID: 33971419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disease characterized by the absence of enteric neurons, which is derived from the failure of the proliferation, differentiation or migration of the enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs). HSCR is associated with multiple risk factors, including polygenic inheritance factors and environmental factors. Genetic studies have been extensively performed, whereas studies related to environmental factors remain insufficient. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), one important component of the ultraviolet (UV) filters, has been proved to have cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity which might be associated with HSCR. In this study, we used zebrafish as a model to investigate the relationship between BP-3 exposure and the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in vivo. Embryos exposed to BP-3 showed an average of 46% reduction of the number of the enteric neurons number. Besides, the ENCCs specific markers (ret and hand2) were downregulated upon BP-3 exposure. Moreover, we identified potential targets of BP-3 through Network Pharmacology Analysis and Autodock and demonstrated that the attenuation of the MAPK/ERK signaling might be the potential mechanism underlying the inhibition of the ENS development by BP-3. Importantly, MAPK/ERK signaling agonist could be used to rescue the ENS defects of zebrafish induced by BP-3. Overall, we characterized the influence of BP-3 on ENS development in vivo and explored possible molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Namat A, Xia W, Xiong C, Xu S, Wu C, Wang A, Li Y, Wu Y, Li J. Association of BPA exposure during pregnancy with risk of preterm birth and changes in gestational age: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112400. [PMID: 34116331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The associations of bisphenol A exposure during pregnancy with risk of preterm birth (PTB) and changes in gestational age have remained controversial. To conduct the meta-analysis, the relevant studies were searched through PubMed, OVID, and Web of Science from inception through June 17, 2020. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using odds ratio (OR) or regression coefficient (β) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified 668 references and included 7 studies for preterm birth and 9 studies for gestational age. The included studies reported that the median or geometric mean (GM) of maternal urinary BPA ranged from 0.48 to 6.44 ng/ml. The meta-analysis estimated OR to be 1.36 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.69) for preterm birth associated with maternal urinary BPA exposure during pregnancy. In the subgroup analysis based on BPA exposure level, a significant association was observed between preterm birth and higher BPA exposure among the populations had BPA median or GM concentrations higher than 2.16 ng/ml (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.47). In the subgroup analyses by maternal urinary BPA exposure assessed in different trimesters, a significant association of preterm birth was only observed with BPA assessed in the third trimester (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.09). In addition, higher maternal urinary BPA exposure during pregnancy was associated with decreased gestational age by 0.50 (-0.87, -0.13) days, and the subgroup analyses also showed that only BPA exposure in the third trimester was associated with decreased gestational age by 1.36 (-2.21, -0.52) days. This meta-analysis demonstrated that higher BPA exposure was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and decreased length of gestational age, and suggested that BPA exposure in the third trimester of pregnancy may be a critical susceptible period of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmagvl Namat
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Chao Xiong
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuansha Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research Unit (2019RU014), NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Williams PL, Yland J, Souter I, Braun JM, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Messerlian C. Prenatal urinary concentrations of phenols and risk of preterm birth: exploring windows of vulnerability. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:820-832. [PMID: 34238571 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore windows of vulnerability to prenatal urinary phenol concentrations and preterm birth. DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING A large fertility center in Boston, Massachusetts. PATIENT(S) A total of 386 mothers who sought fertility treatment and gave birth to a singleton between 2005 and 2018. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Singleton live birth with gestational age <37 completed weeks. RESULT(S) Compared with women with non-preterm births, urinary bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations were higher across gestation among women with preterm births, particularly during mid-to-late pregnancy and among those with female infants. Second trimester BPA concentrations were associated with preterm birth (Risk Ratio [RR] 1.24; 95%CI: 0.92, 1.69), which was primarily driven by female (RR 1.40; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.89) and not male (RR 0.85; 95%CI 0.50, 1.46) infants. First trimester paraben concentrations were also associated with preterm birth (RR 1.17; 95%CI: 0.94, 1.46) and similarly the association was only observed for female (RR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.94) and not male infants (RR 0.94; 95%CIC: 0.72, 1.23). First trimester urinary bisphenol S concentrations showed a suggested risk of preterm birth (RR 1.25; 95%CI: 0.82, 1.89), although the small case numbers precluded sex-specific examination. CONCLUSION(S) We found preliminary evidence of associations between mid-to-late pregnancy BPA and early pregnancy paraben concentrations with preterm birth among those with female infants only. Preterm birth risk may be compound, sex, and window specific. Given the limited sample size of this cohort, results should be confirmed in larger studies, including fertile populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), and Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Yland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irene Souter
- Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kim K, Shin HM, Busgang SA, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Temporal Trends of Phenol, Paraben, and Triclocarban Exposure in California Pregnant Women during 2007-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11155-11165. [PMID: 34347462 PMCID: PMC8405127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about temporal trends of pregnant women's exposures to environmental phenols and parabens. We quantified four phenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and triclosan), four parabens [butyl paraben, ethyl paraben (ETPB), methyl paraben (MEPB), and propyl paraben (PRPB)], and triclocarban in 760 urine samples collected during 2007-2014 from 218 California pregnant women participating in a high-familial risk autism spectrum disorder cohort. We applied multiple regression to compute least square geometric means of urinary concentrations and computed average annual percent changes. We compared our urinary concentrations with those of other study populations to examine geographic variations in pregnant women's exposure to these target compounds. Urinary concentrations of BPA, MEPB, ETPB, and PRPB in this study population decreased over the study period [percent change per year (95% confidence interval): -5.7% (-8.2%, -3.2%); -13.0% (-18.1%, -7.7%); -5.5% (-11.0%, 0.3%); and -13.3% (-18.3%, -8.1%), respectively] and were consistently lower than those in pregnant women in other U.S. regions during the same study period. In recent years, certain phenols and parabens with known adverse health effects are being regulated or replaced with alternatives, which explains decreased body burdens observed in this study population. Either the national regulations or the advocacy campaigns in California may have influenced exposures or consumer product choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghoon Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
- Corresponding author: Hyeong-Moo Shin, Ph.D., University of Texas, Arlington, 500 Yates Street, Box 19049, Arlington, TX, 76019, , Voice: 949-648-1614
| | - Stefanie A. Busgang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopment Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), California, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopment Disorders) Institute, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Deborah H. Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis (UC Davis), California, USA
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A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072426. [PMID: 34371934 PMCID: PMC8308698 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is increasingly hypothesized to be a factor contributing to changes in fetal growth velocity. BPA exposure may be environmental, occupational, and/or dietary, with canned foods and plastic bottles contributing significantly. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the current literature and to investigate the role of BPA in abnormal fetal growth patterns. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. A total of 25 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. Eleven of them failed to show a clear relationship between BPA and abnormal fetal growth. The majority of the remaining studies (9/14) found an inverse association of BPA with indicators of fetal growth, whereas three studies suggested increased fetal growth, and two studies produced contradictory findings. Of note, both of the studies that collected a sample (amniotic fluid) directly reflecting BPA concentration in the fetus during the first half of pregnancy revealed an inverse association with birth weight. In conclusion, there is mounting evidence that combined exposure to BPA from dietary and non-dietary sources during pregnancy may contribute to abnormal fetal growth; a tendency towards fetal growth restriction was shown, especially when exposure occurs during the first half.
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Early Puberty in Girls. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060492. [PMID: 34200537 PMCID: PMC8226958 DOI: 10.3390/children8060492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, pubertal onset in girls has been considered to occur at an earlier age than previously. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with alterations in pubertal timing, with several reports suggesting that EDCs may have a role in the secular trend in pubertal maturation, at least in girls. However, relevant studies give inconsistent results. On the other hand, the majority of girls with idiopathic precocious or early puberty present the growth pattern of constitutional advancement of growth (CAG), i.e., growth acceleration soon after birth. Herein, we show that the growth pattern of CAG is unrelated to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and is the major determinant of precocious or early puberty. Presented data suggest that EDCs, at most, have a minor effect on the timing of pubertal onset in girls.
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Cao W, Wu N, Qu R, Sun C, Huo Z, Ajarem JS, Allam AA, Wang Z, Zhu F. Oxidation of benzophenone-3 in aqueous solution by potassium permanganate: kinetics, degradation products, reaction pathways, and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31301-31311. [PMID: 33599933 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is used in a wide range of personal care products and plastics to resist ultraviolet light, which has aroused considerable public concern due to its endocrine-disrupting effects. In this work, we systematically investigated the chemical oxidation process of BP-3 by KMnO4. The influences of several factors, such as pH, oxidant dose, temperature, coexisting water constituents, and water matrices, on BP-3 degradation efficiency were evaluated. The removal rate of 10 μM BP-3 could reach 91.3% in 2 h under the conditions of pH = 8.0, [BP-3]0:[KMnO4]0 = 1:20, and T = 25 °C, with the observed rate constant (kobs) value of 0.0202 min-1. The presence of typical anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) and HA could slightly increase BP-3 removal, while HCO3- caused a relatively significant promotion of BP-3 degradation. On the basis of mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations, hydroxylation, direct oxidation, and carbon-carbon bridge bond cleavage were mainly involved in the oxidation process. Toxicity assessment revealed that the acute and chronic toxicities were reduced significantly, which suggested KMnO4 is a promising technique for BP-3 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Huo
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jamaan S Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, 65211, Egypt
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Hou Y, Li S, Xia L, Yang Q, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu H, Huo R, Cao G, Huang C, Tian X, Sun L, Cao D, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Tang N. Associations of urinary phenolic environmental estrogens exposure with blood glucose levels and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese pregnant women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142085. [PMID: 32898782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are considered to be related to diabetes, but studies of the association between phenolic EDCs and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. OBJECTIVES To assess associations of maternal urinary bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and 2-tert-octylphenol (2-t-OP) with GDM occurrence. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among 390 Chinese women at 24-28 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed with a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). BPA, NP, and 2-t-OP concentrations were determined in urine samples. Linear and logistic regression tests evaluated associations of BPA, NP, and 2-t-OP with blood glucose levels and GDM prevalence. RESULTS The 2-t-OP concentrations in GDM patients were significantly higher than in non-GDM women with median values of 2.23 μg/g Cr and 1.79 μg/g Cr, respectively. No significant difference was observed in BPA and NP. Urinary 2-t-OP was positively associated with blood glucose levels after adjustment for several confounding factors and urinary BPA and NP. Higher 2-t-OP levels were associated with higher odds of GDM (OR: 5.78; 95% CI: 2.04, 16.37), whereas higher NP levels were associated with lower odds (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.85) in the adjusted models. In addition, compared to the first quartile of 2-t-OP, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for GDM in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 2.81 (1.23, 6.42), 3.01 (1.30, 6.93), and 5.49 (2.24, 13.46), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that, for the first time to our knowledge, exposure to 2-t-OP is associated with a higher risk of GDM. However, higher NP exposure is associated with lower GDM risk. Further studies are necessary to affirm the associations of 2-t-OP and NP with GDM, and to elucidate the causality of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liting Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huihuan Liu
- Beichen District Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Beichen District Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanghan Cao
- Beichen District Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyun Huang
- Beichen District Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubiao Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lirong Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deqing Cao
- Central Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Yang P, Lin BG, Zhou B, Cao WC, Chen PP, Deng YL, Hou J, Sun SZ, Zheng TZ, Lu WQ, Cheng LM, Zeng WJ, Zeng Q. Sex-specific associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and its alternatives with fetal growth parameters and gestational age. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106305. [PMID: 33395947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) can cause detrimental effects on fetal growth. However, the effects of BPA alternatives, such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), on fetal growth are less known. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships of prenatal BPA, BPF, and BPS exposures with fetal growth parameters and gestational age. METHODS Urinary BPA, BPF, and BPS were measured in 1,197 pregnant women before delivery in a Chinese cohort. The associations of prenatal exposure to BPA, BPF, and BPS with fetal growth parameters and gestational age were examined, and associations stratified by fetal sex were also conducted. We used a restricted cubic splines (RCS) model to examine the dose-response associations between exposures and outcomes. RESULTS Maternal urinary BPA and BPF were negatively related to birth length (-0.30 cm, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.15 and -0.21 cm, 95% CI: -0.36, -0.07 comparing the extreme exposure groups, respectively, both p for trends < 0.01). These associations were more pronounced in girls with inverted U-shaped dose-response relationships. Maternal urinary BPA and BPF were positively related to ponderal index (0.05 g/cm3 × 100, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.09 and 0.04 g/cm3 × 100, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.08 comparing the extreme exposure groups, respectively, both p for trends = 0.02), and maternal urinary BPS was associated with shorter gestational age (-0.20 weeks, 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03 comparing the extreme exposure groups, p for trend = 0.02). These associations were only observed in girls and exhibited a linear dose-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal BPA, BPF, and BPS exposures were associated with detrimental effects on fetal growth parameters, and stronger effects were noted in female infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bi-Gui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Cheng Cao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Sheng-Zhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tong-Zhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wan-Jiang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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Jin L, Zhu HY, Kang XJ, Lin LP, Zhang PY, Tan T, Yu Y, Fan Y. Melatonin protects against oxybenzone-induced deterioration of mouse oocytes during maturation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2727-2749. [PMID: 33373318 PMCID: PMC7880374 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxybenzone (OBZ), an ultraviolet light filter that is widely used in sunscreens and cosmetics, is an emerging contaminant found in humans and the environment. Recent studies have shown that OBZ has been detected in women's plasma, urine, and breast milk. However, the effects of OBZ exposure on oocyte meiosis have not been addressed. In this study, we investigated the detrimental effects of OBZ on oocyte maturation and the protective roles of melatonin (MT) in OBZ-exposed mouse models. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that OBZ suppressed oocyte maturation, while MT attenuated the meiotic defects induced by OBZ. In addition, OBZ facilitated H3K4 demethylation by increasing the expression of the Kdm5 family of genes, elevating ROS levels, decreasing GSH, impairing mitochondrial quality, and disrupting spindle configuration in oocytes. However, MT treatment resulted in significant protection against OBZ-induced damage during oocyte maturation and improved oocyte quality. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial roles of MT involved reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of apoptosis, restoration of abnormal spindle assembly and up-regulation of H3K4me3. Collectively, our results suggest that MT protects against defects induced by OBZ during mouse oocyte maturation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Jin Kang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Pu-Yao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Scienceand Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong, China
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Maternal health behaviors during pregnancy in rural Northwestern China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:745. [PMID: 33256673 PMCID: PMC7708178 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal health during pregnancy is a key input in fetal health and child development. This study aims to systematically describe the health behaviors of pregnant women in rural China and identify which subgroups of women are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors during pregnancy. Methods We surveyed 1088 pregnant women in rural northwestern China on exposure to unhealthy substances, nutritional behaviors, the timing and frequency of antenatal care, and demographic characteristics. Results Pregnant women were active in seeking antenatal care and had low rates of alcohol consumption (5.1%), exposure to toxins (4.8%), and exposure to radiation (2.9%). However, tobacco exposure was widespread (40.3%), as was low dietary diversity (61.8%), unhealthy weight gain (59.7%), unhealthy pre-pregnancy BMI (29.7%), and no folic acid intake (17.1%). Maternal education is closely linked to better health behaviors, whereas experience with a previous pregnancy is not. Conclusions Tobacco exposure and unhealthy nutritional behaviors are common among pregnant women in rural northwestern China. The findings indicate that in the absence of professional health information, relying on experience of previous pregnancies alone may not help rural women avoid unhealthy maternal behaviors. Maternal health education campaigns targeting nutrition and tobacco exposure during pregnancy may improve maternal, fetal, and child health in rural China.
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Suh S, Pham C, Smith J, Mesinkovska NA. The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1033-1042. [PMID: 32108942 PMCID: PMC7648445 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence of high systemic absorption of sunscreen ingredients has raised concerns regarding the safety of sunscreen products. Oxybenzone (BP-3) and octinoxate (OMC), two common sunscreen ingredients, were recently banned in Key West and Hawaii owing to their toxic effects on marine ecosystems. Their impact on human health requires a careful assessment. To summarize the current evidence on the association between the systemic level of BP-3 or OMC and its health impact, a primary literature search was conducted using PubMed database in February 2019. There are 29 studies that address the impact of these ingredients on human health. Studies show that elevated systemic level of BP-3 has no adverse effect on male and female fertility, female reproductive hormone level, adiposity, fetal growth, child's neurodevelopment, and sexual maturation. However, the association of BP-3 level on thyroid hormone, testosterone level, kidney function, and pubertal timing has been reported and prompts further investigations to validate a true association. The systemic absorption of OMC has no reported effect on thyroid and reproductive hormone levels. In conclusion, current evidence is not sufficient to support the causal relationship between the elevated systemic level of BP-3 or OMC and adverse health outcomes. There are either contradictory findings among different studies or an insufficient number of studies to corroborate the observed association. To accurately evaluate the long-term risk of exposure to BP-3 and OMC from sunscreen, a well-designed longitudinal randomized controlled trial needs to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Suh
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, CA
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pharmacology, Cleveland, OH
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA
| | - Christine Pham
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, CA
| | - Janellen Smith
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, CA
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Liang J, Liu S, Liu T, Yang C, Wu Y, Jennifer Tan HJ, Wei B, Ma X, Feng B, Jiang Q, Huang D, Qiu X. Association of prenatal exposure to bisphenols and birth size in Zhuang ethnic newborns. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126422. [PMID: 32199162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues can affect fetal growth and development. However, epidemiologic findings were inconsistent and there was a lack of study for BPA analogues. We aimed to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to BPA, bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and birth size. 2023 mother-infant pairs were included in this study. The associations between serum bisphenol levels and birth size were analyzed by multivariate linear regression models. After adjusting for covariates, one log10-unit increase in serum BPA was correlated with a 32.10 g (95% CI: -61.10, -3.10) decrease in birth weight for all infants, and the inverse association was only observed in males when stratified analysis by gender. Additionally, higher BPF concentrations were associated with decreasing birth weight (P for trend = 0.031), ponderal index (P for trend = 0.021), and birth weight Z-scores (P for trend = 0.039) in all infants, and the inverse associations were also only observed in males when stratified analysis by gender. Similarly, higher TBBPA levels were also correlated with decreased birth weight (P for trend = 0.023). However, after gender stratification, higher TBBPA concentrations were associated with a decrease in birth weight (P for trend = 0.007), birth length (P for trend = 0.026), and birth weight Z-scores (P for trend = 0.039) in males. Our data suggested an inverse association of prenatal exposure to BPA, BPF, and TBBPA and birth size, which may be more pronounced in male infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Huaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Chunxiu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Juan Jennifer Tan
- School of Life Sciences & Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, 599489, Singapore
| | - Bincai Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Baoying Feng
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qunjiao Jiang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Song S, He Y, Huang Y, Huang X, Guo Y, Zhu H, Kannan K, Zhang T. Occurrence and transfer of benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters from the pregnant women to fetuses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138503. [PMID: 32320878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP)-type ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in personal care products. Some of them have been identified as endocrine disrupting chemicals. However, little is known about the occurrence of BP-type UV filters in paired maternal-fetal samples. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of eight BP-type UV filters in paired maternal-fetal samples collected from Southern China. Among target analytes, only benzophenone-3 (BP-3) was frequently (detection rate > 80%) detected in maternal-fetal samples, i.e., maternal serum (MS), cord serum (CS), maternal urine (MU) and amniotic fluid (AF). BP-3 was the dominant compound in MS (median: 0.14 ng/mL), CS (0.16) and AF (0.12); whereas MU was dominated by benzophenone-1 (BP-1, 2.85). The median CS/MS ratios (i.e., placental transfer rates) of 4-hydroxy benzophenone (4-OH-BP, 2.35), BP-1 (1.52), benzophenone-4 (BP-4, 1.06), and BP-3 (1.03) were higher than 1.0, suggesting that exposure levels of these chemicals in fetuses were greater than those in mothers. Significant positive correlations (r = 0.667, p < 0.001) of BP-3 concentrations were found between MS and CS, which suggested that MS could be an indicator of fetal exposure to BP-3. Furthermore, the CS/MS ratios of 4-OH-BP, BP-1, BP-3, and benzophenone-8 (BP-8) increased with decreasing molecular weight or log Kow. Passive diffusion may play an important role in placental transfer of these BP type UV filters. The MU/MSBP-3 ratio (5.86) was relatively higher than that of MU/MSBP-1 (0.89), which indicated that BP-3 excretes rapidly in urine. The present study documents the occurrence of eight BP-type UV filters in matched MS, CS, MU and AF samples for the first time in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingyan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuankai Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York NY10016, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China.
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Rolfo A, Nuzzo AM, De Amicis R, Moretti L, Bertoli S, Leone A. Fetal-Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1744. [PMID: 32545151 PMCID: PMC7353272 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances able to mimic or to interfere with the endocrine system, thus altering key biological processes such as organ development, reproduction, immunity, metabolism and behavior. High concentrations of EDCs are found in several everyday products including plastic bottles and food containers and they could be easily absorbed by dietary intake. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised regarding the biological effects of EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, on human pregnancy and fetal development. Several evidence obtained on in vitro and animal models as well as by epidemiologic and population studies strongly indicated that endocrine disruptors could negatively impact fetal and placental health by interfering with the embryonic developing epigenome, thus establishing disease paths into adulthood. Moreover, EDCs could cause and/or contribute to the onset of severe gestational conditions as Preeclampsia (PE), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes in pregnancy, as well as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular complications in reproductive age. Therefore, despite contrasting data being present in the literature, endocrine disruptors must be considered as a therapeutic target. Future actions aimed at reducing or eliminating EDC exposure during the perinatal period are mandatory to guarantee pregnancy success and preserve fetal and adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Nuzzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.D.A.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Moretti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Simona Bertoli
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.D.A.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Lab of Nutrition and Obesity Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Sandro Botticelli 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (R.D.A.); (S.B.); (A.L.)
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48
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Santamaria CG, Meyer N, Schumacher A, Zenclussen ML, Teglia CM, Culzoni MJ, Zenclussen AC, Rodriguez HA. Dermal exposure to the UV filter benzophenone-3 during early pregnancy affects fetal growth and sex ratio of the progeny in mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2847-2859. [PMID: 32430675 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze whether dermal exposure to benzophenone 3 (BP-3) during pregnancy affects critical parameters of pregnancy, and whether this exposure may affect the outcome of a second pregnancy in mice. Pregnant mice were exposed to 50-mg BP-3/kg body weight/day or olive oil (vehicle) from gestation day (gd) 0 to gd6 by dermal exposure. High-frequency ultrasound imaging was used to follow up fetal and placental growth in vivo. Blood flow parameters in uterine and umbilical arteries were analyzed by Doppler measurements. Mice were killed at gd5, gd10, and gd14 on the first pregnancy, and at gd10 and 14 on the second pregnancy. The weight of the first and second progenies was recorded, and sex ratio was analyzed. BP-3 levels were analyzed in serum and amniotic fluid. BP-3 reduced the fetal weight at gd14 and feto-placenta index of first pregnancy, with 16.13% of fetuses under the 5th percentile; arteria uterina parameters showed altered pattern at gd10. BP-3 was detected in serum 4 h after the exposure at gd6, and in amniotic fluid at gd14. Offspring weight of first progeny was lower in BP-3 group. Placenta weights of BP-3 group were decreased in second pregnancy. First and second progenies of mothers exposed to BP-3 showed a higher percentage of females (female sex ratio). Dermal exposure to low dose of BP-3 during early pregnancy resulted in an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) phenotype, disturbed sex ratio and alterations in the growth curve of the offspring in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisa Guillermina Santamaria
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias. Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - María Laura Zenclussen
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias. Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carla Mariela Teglia
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Julia Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Horacio Adolfo Rodriguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias. Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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49
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Mustieles V, Zhang Y, Yland J, Braun JM, Williams PL, Wylie BJ, Attaman JA, Ford JB, Azevedo A, Calafat AM, Hauser R, Messerlian C. Maternal and paternal preconception exposure to phenols and preterm birth. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105523. [PMID: 32120140 PMCID: PMC7169435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenol exposure during pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth, but the potential effect of preconception exposure in either parent is unknown. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that the preconception period is a critical window of vulnerability for adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE We examined whether maternal and paternal preconception urinary concentrations of select phenols were associated with the risk of preterm birth among couples attending fertility care. METHODS The analysis included 417 female and 229 male participants of the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study who gave birth to 418 singleton infants between 2005 and 2018 and for whom we had phenol biomarkers quantified in at least one urine sample collected before conception. Mothers and fathers provided an average of 4 and 3 urine samples during the preconception period, respectively. We calculated the geometric mean of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), benzophenone-3, triclosan, and the molar sum of parabens (ΣParabens) urinary concentrations to estimate each participant's preconception exposure. Risk ratios (RRs) of preterm birth (live birth before 37 completed weeks' gestation) were estimated using modified Poisson regression models adjusted for covariates. RESULTS The mean (SD) gestational age among singletons was 39.3 (1.7) weeks with 8% born preterm. A natural log-unit increase in maternal preconception BPA (RR 1.94; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.14) and BPS (RR 2.42; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.77) concentration was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. These associations remained after further adjustment for maternal prenatal and paternal preconception biomarker concentrations. Paternal preconception ΣParabens concentrations showed a possible elevated risk of preterm birth (RR 1.36; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.96). No consistent pattern of association was observed for benzophenone-3 or triclosan biomarkers in either parent. DISCUSSION Maternal preconception urinary BPA and BPS concentrations, as well as paternal preconception urinary parabens concentrations were prospectively associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. Subfertile couples' exposure to select phenols during the preconception period may be an unrecognized risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Mustieles
- University of Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs GRANADA, Spain. Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 18100, Spain
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; School of Health Humanities, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer Yland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blair J Wylie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill A Attaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Azevedo
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Aker A, McConnell RER, Loch-Caruso R, Park SK, Mukherjee B, Rosario ZY, Vélez-Vega CM, Huerta-Montanez G, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Interactions between chemicals and non-chemical stressors: The modifying effect of life events on the association between triclocarban, phenols and parabens with gestational length in a Puerto Rican cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134719. [PMID: 31785910 PMCID: PMC6957748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenols and parabens are common additives to consumer products. There is evidence of adverse birth outcomes in association with prenatal exposure to these chemicals, in addition to psychosocial factors. We previously reported an increase in gestational length with bisphenol-A, methylparaben and propylparaben, and a decrease in gestational length with triclocarban. OBJECTIVES We examined the modifying effect of psychosocial stress on the association between chemicals and gestational length in up to 752 women among a pregnancy cohort study. METHODS Urinary biomarkers were measured at up to three time points in pregnancy. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to investigate the association between gestational length and the interaction between average exposure biomarkers and LES. Multiple linear regression models regressing the exposure biomarkers in relation to gestational length were also stratified by LES, Negative LES, and Positive LES, based on the subjective ratings of events. Results were transformed into the change in gestational length for an inter-quartile-range difference in the exposure. RESULTS Of the four psychosocial stress measures, only the life events score (LES) was a significant modifier. Associations between triclocarban, bisphenol-S, methyl- and propylparaben in relation to gestational length were stronger among women with negative Total LES scores. Among women with negative Total LES scores, bisphenol-S and triclocarban were associated with a 3-5 day decrease in gestational length [(-3.15; 95% CI: -6.06, -0.24); (-4.68; 95% CI: -8.47, -0.89)], whereas methylparaben and propylparaben were associated with a 2-3 day increase in gestational length [(2.21; 95% CI: 0.02, 4.40); (2.92; 95% CI: 0.58, 5.26)]. Significant interactions were driven by negative life events, but the association with triclocarban was driven by few positive life events. CONCLUSIONS Associations between exposure biomarkers and gestational length were stronger in the presence of negative life events. This provides evidence that stress makes the body more vulnerable to chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Aker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rafael E Rios McConnell
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zaira Y Rosario
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | | | - José F Cordero
- College of Public Health, Athens, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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