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Beltrán de Heredia I, González-Gaya B, Zuloaga O, Garrido I, Acosta T, Etxebarria N, Ruiz-Romera E. Occurrence of emerging contaminants in three river basins impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluents: Spatio-seasonal patterns and environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174062. [PMID: 38917906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The concern on the fate and distribution of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is a burning topic due to their widespread occurrence and potential harmful effects. Particularly, antibiotics have received great attention due to their implications in antimicrobial resistance occurrence. The impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is remarkable, being one of the main pathways for the introduction of CECs into aquatic systems. The combination of novel analytical methodologies and risk assessment strategies is a promising tool to find out environmentally relevant compounds posing major concerns in freshwater ecosystems impacted by those wastewater effluents. Within this context, a multi-target approach was applied in three Spanish river basins affected by different WWTP treated effluents for spatio-temporal monitoring of their chemical status. Solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the quantification of a large panel of compounds (n = 270), including pharmaceuticals and other consumer products, pesticides and industrial chemicals. To this end, water samples were collected in four sampling campaigns at three locations in each basin: (i) upstream from the WWTPs; (ii) WWTP effluent discharge points (effluent outfall); and (iii) downstream from the WWTPs (500 m downriver from the effluent outfall). Likewise, 24-h composite effluent samples from each of the WWTPs were provided in all sampling periods. First the occurrence and distribution of these compounds were assessed. Diverse seasonal trends were observed depending on the group of emerging compounds, though COVID-19 outbreak affected variations of certain pharmaceuticals. Detection frequencies and concentrations in effluents generally exceeded those in river samples and concentrations measured upstream WWTPs were generally low or non-quantifiable. Finally, risks associated with maximum contamination levels were evaluated using two different approaches to account for antibiotic resistance selection as well. From all studied compounds, 89 evidenced environmental risk on at least one occasion in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Beltrán de Heredia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Belén González-Gaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Itziar Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Teresa Acosta
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Estilita Ruiz-Romera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Wang Y, Xiao R, Hu Y, Li J, Guo C, Zhang L, Zhang K, Jorquera MA, Pan W. Accumulation and ecological risk assessment of diazinon in surface sediments of Baiyangdian lake and its potential impact on probiotics and pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124408. [PMID: 38906403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agriculture and household pest control, and its use also poses several environmental and health hazards. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of diazinon in Baiyangdian, evaluated its potential ecological risk and toxicity to aquatic organisms based on RQ (Risk quotient) and TU (Toxic unit) analysis, and assessed the potential effects of diazinon accumulation on probiotics and pathogens based on statistical analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. The results showed that diazinon in Baiyangdian posed a low to moderate chronic risk to sediment-dwelling organisms and a low toxicity effect on aquatic invertebrates, which was mainly concentrated in October and human-intensive areas. Meanwhile, increases in sediment electrical conductivity (EC), amorphous iron oxides content and phenol oxidase activity favored diazinon accumulation in sediments, whereas the opposite was the case for sediment organic carbon, β-1,4-glucosidase, phosphatase, catalase and pH, suggesting that environmental indicators play a key role in the behavior and distribution of diazinon. In addition, diazinon in heavily contaminated areas seem to inhibit the rare probiotics (Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Serratia sp.), while promoted dominant pathogens (e.g., Burkholderia cenocepacia), which can lead to increased disease risk to humans and ecosystems, disruption of ecological balance and potential health problems. However, probiotic Streptomyces xiamenensis resist to diazinon would be a potential degrader for diazinon remove. In conclusion, this study unveiled the effects of diazinon pollution on wetland ecosystems, emphasizing ecological impacts and potential health concerns. In addition, the discovery of diazinon resistant probiotics provided new insights into wetland ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yanping Hu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Junming Li
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Congling Guo
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 01145, Chile
| | - Wenbin Pan
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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3
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Peris A, Soriano Y, Picó Y, Bravo MA, Blanco G, Eljarrat E. Pesticides in water and sediments from natural protected areas of Spain and their associated ecological risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142628. [PMID: 38885764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In the last years, issues related to intensive agriculture have been found in protected areas potentially harming wildlife. This study aimed to analyze a wide range of pesticides in water and sediments of two protected areas namely Doñana Natural Park (DNP) and Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP) performing an environmental risk assessment in order to highlight potential risks to living organisms derived from pesticide burden. Higher pesticide load was found in DNP than TDNP with similar distribution profiles, with pyrethroid insecticides (PYRs) the main detected class. Particularly problematic are two PYRs, cyhalothrin and fenvalerate, which were detected at high concentrations that can pose a high risk to aquatic organisms. In addition, despite being detected at lower concentrations, the presence of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and permethrin in water, and of chlorpyrifos, dicofol, and diflufenican in sediments, must be taken into account due to their potential risks for aquatic organisms. Moreover, some banned pesticides such as dimethoate, terbutryn, diazinon, and tricyclazol were detected in water at levels which deserve further investigation to assess their potential sources, including potential illegal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peris
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Soriano
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE) CSIC-GV-UV, Valencia, Spain
| | - M A Bravo
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Environmental and Water Chemistry for Human Health (ONHEALTH), Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hu X, Zhai X, Jin Y, Wade TL, Zhou X, Zhuang T, Ning J, Song X, Cai W, Chen Z, Li X. Ecological risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in the Yangtze River Estuary and Zhejiang coastal waters, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116570. [PMID: 38861798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The study applied a tiered ecological risk assessment method to evaluate the long-term status and trend of the ecological risks of dissolved heavy metals from 2011 to 2019 in the Yangtze River Estuary and Zhejiang coastal waters, China. The results for spring, summer, and autumn of 2019 indicated that Pb, Cd, and Zn posed no adverse ecological risk, Cu posed a potential ecological risk, and As posed an ecological risk. The annual results from 2011 to 2019 suggested that Pb, Cd, and Zn posed no adverse ecological risks, and As and Cu posed an ecological risk. The trend analysis in the nine years showed that the ecological risk of Cu is gradually decreasing, while that of As is still a concern. The overall trend is attributed to the environmental protection policies that reduced these contaminants' terrestrial sources and atmospheric sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Hu
- Zhejiang Marine Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Zhoushan 316021, China; Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhai
- Shenzhen Marine Development Research Promotion Center, Shenzhen 518029, China
| | - Yimin Jin
- Zhejiang Marine Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Terry L Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xian Zhou
- Zhejiang Marine Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Tonghui Zhuang
- Zhejiang Marine Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Jianghao Ning
- Zhejiang Marine Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xiuqing Song
- Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory, Shanghai Earthquake Agency, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- Shenzhen Lightsun Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory, Shanghai Earthquake Agency, Shanghai 200062, China.
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5
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Fernández-García A, Martínez-Piernas AB, Moreno-González D, Gilbert-López B, Molina-Díaz A, García-Reyes JF. Occurrence and risk assessment of pesticides and their transformation products related to olive groves in surface waters of the Guadalquivir river basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142075. [PMID: 38648985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are considered one of the main sources of contamination of surface waters, especially in rural areas highly influenced by traditional agricultural practices. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact caused by pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) related to olive groves in surface waters with strong agricultural pressure. 11 streams were monitored during four sampling campaigns over 2 years. A solid-phase extraction, followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was used in the quantitative target approach, with more than 70 validated compounds. Target method was combined with a suspect screening strategy involving more than 500 pesticides and TPs, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to identify additional pesticides and TPs out of the scope of analysis. A total of 43 different compounds were detected with the target method. The herbicide MCPA was present in all samples and at the highest concentration (1260 ng L-1), followed by the fungicide carbendazim (1110 ng L-1), and the herbicide chlorotoluron (706 ng L-1). The suspect screening strategy revealed the presence of 7 compounds out of the target analysis (1 pesticide and 6 TPs). 6 analytes were confirmed with the analytical standards. Semi-quantification results revealed that TPs exhibited higher concentrations than their corresponding parent compounds, indicating higher persistency. Some small streams showed a comparable number of pesticides and concentrations to the most polluted large river. The determined pesticide and TPs concentrations represented an estimated environmental hazard in almost all sampling sites under study. This work underscores the importance of including pesticide TPs and small streams impacted by extensive agricultural activities in water quality monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Fernández-García
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM 323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas edif. B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana B Martínez-Piernas
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM 323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas edif. B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
| | - David Moreno-González
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM 323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas edif. B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM 323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas edif. B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM 323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas edif. B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM 323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas edif. B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain; University Research Institute for Olives Grove and Olive Oil (INUO), University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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6
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Lv L, Jia F, Deng M, Di S, Chu T, Wang Y. Toxic mechanisms of imazalil, azoxystrobin and their mixture to hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172022. [PMID: 38552970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
While combinations of pesticides better represent actual conditions within aquatic ecosystems, the specific toxic effects of these combinations have not been determined yet. The objective of this research was to assess the combined impact of imazalil and azoxystrobin on the hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens) and delve into the underlying causes. Our findings indicated that the 4-day LC50 value for imazalil (1.85 mg L-1) was greater than that for azoxystrobin (0.90 mg L-1). When imazalil and azoxystrobin were combined, they presented a heightened effect on the species. Enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, GST, and CarE, along with androgen and estrogen levels, displayed marked differences in most single and combined treatments in comparison to the baseline group. Moreover, four genes (mn-sod, cu-sod, il-1, and esr) related to oxidative stress, immunity, and the endocrine system exhibited more pronounced expression changes when exposed to combined pesticides rather than individual ones. Our tests revealed that the combined use of imazalil and azoxystrobin had more detrimental effect on aquatic vertebrates than when evaluated individually. This finding suggested that future ecological hazard analyses based only on individual tests might not sufficiently safeguard our aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzhao Jia
- Zunyi City Company Suiyang Branch, Guizhou Province Tobacco Company, Suiyang, 563300, Guizhou, China
| | - Meihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianfen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Qin LT, Lei YX, Liu M, Zeng HH, Liang YP, Mo LY. Toxic interactions at the physiological and biochemical levels of green algae under stress of mixtures of three azole fungicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171771. [PMID: 38521260 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the interactions between environmental pollutants and these mixtures is of paramount significance in understanding their negative effects on aquatic ecosystems. However, existing research often lacks comprehensive investigations into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying these interactions. This study aimed to reveal the toxic mechanisms of cyproconazole (CYP), imazalil (IMA), and prochloraz (PRO) and corresponding these mixtures on Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa by analyzing the interactions at physiological and biochemical levels. Higher concentrations of CYP, IMA, and PRO and these mixtures resulted in a reduction in chlorophyll (Chl) content and increased total protein (TP) suppression, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content exhibited a negative correlation with algal growth. The activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased with increasing azole fungicides and their mixture concentrations, correlating positively with growth inhibition. Azole fungicides induced dose-dependent apoptosis in A. pyrenoidosa, with higher apoptosis rates indicative of greater pollutant toxicity. The results revealed concentration-dependent toxicity effects, with antagonistic interactions at low concentrations and synergistic effects at high concentrations within the CYP-IMA mixtures. These interactions were closely linked to the interactions observed in Chl-a, carotenoid (Car), CAT, and cellular apoptosis. The antagonistic effects of CYP-PRO mixtures on A. pyrenoidosa growth inhibition can be attributed to the antagonism observed in Chl-a, Chl-b, Car, TP, CAT, SOD, and cellular apoptosis. This study emphasized the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and biochemical interactions within algal cells, which may help understand the potential mechanism of toxic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tang Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yu-Xue Lei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yan-Peng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Ling-Yun Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Kalinski JCJ, Noundou XS, Petras D, Matcher GF, Polyzois A, Aron AT, Gentry EC, Bornman TG, Adams JB, Dorrington RA. Urban and agricultural influences on the coastal dissolved organic matter pool in the Algoa Bay estuaries. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141782. [PMID: 38548083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
While anthropogenic pollution is a major threat to aquatic ecosystem health, our knowledge of the presence of xenobiotics in coastal Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) is still relatively poor. This is especially true for water bodies in the Global South with limited information gained mostly from targeted studies that rely on comparison with authentic standards. In recent years, non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool to collectively detect and identify pollutants and biogenic DOM components in the environment, but this approach has yet to be widely utilized for monitoring ecologically important aquatic systems. In this study we compared the DOM composition of Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa, and its two estuaries. The Swartkops Estuary is highly urbanized and severely impacted by anthropogenic pollution, while the Sundays Estuary is impacted by commercial agriculture in its catchment. We employed solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to annotate more than 200 pharmaceuticals, pesticides, urban xenobiotics, and natural products based on spectral matching. The identification with authentic standards confirmed the presence of methamphetamine, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, N-acetylsulfamethoxazole, imazapyr, caffeine and hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, and allowed semi-quantitative estimations for annotated xenobiotics. The Swartkops Estuary DOM composition was strongly impacted by features annotated as urban pollutants including pharmaceuticals such as melamines and antiretrovirals. By contrast, the Sundays Estuary exhibited significant enrichment of molecules annotated as agrochemicals widely used in the citrus farming industry, with predicted concentrations for some of them exceeding predicted no-effect concentrations. This study provides new insight into anthropogenic impact on the Algoa Bay system and demonstrates the utility of non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry as a sensitive tool for assessing the health of ecologically important coastal ecosystems and will serve as a valuable foundation for strategizing long-term monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Siwe Noundou
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel Petras
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, USA; CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gwynneth F Matcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, 6139, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Alexandros Polyzois
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa; Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, United States
| | - Emily C Gentry
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA; Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Thomas G Bornman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network SAEON, Elwandle Coastal Node, Gqeberha, South Africa; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Department of Botany and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research CMR, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Rosemary A Dorrington
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, 6139, Makhanda, South Africa.
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Kim M, Cho M, Kim SH, Lee Y, Jo MR, Moon YS, Im MH. Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Fishery Products Using GC-MS/MS in South Korea. TOXICS 2024; 12:299. [PMID: 38668522 PMCID: PMC11053634 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the risk of pesticide contamination in aquaculture and its impact on fishery products. We conducted an assessment of 300 samples collected from nine regions in South Korea, including various types of seafood, such as freshwater fish, marine fish, crustaceans, and shellfish. Pesticide residues in seafood were analyzed using GC-MS/MS after sample preparation using a modified QuEChERS method, revealing the presence of eight pesticides (4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, boscalid, isoprothiolane, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, thifluzamide, and trifluralin) across seven fish species (carp, far eastern catfish, crucian carp, eel, Chinese muddy loach, mirror carp, and sea bass). Following the grouping of DDE with DDT, a risk assessment of fishery products was conducted. After the estimated daily intake (EDI) of fish was calculated and compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the health risk index (HI, %ADI) of the detected pesticides was evaluated and found to be 1.07% or lower. The results suggest that the consumption of domestically farmed fish products in South Korea poses minimal health risks associated with pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungheon Kim
- Department of Food Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyun Cho
- Department of Food Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hong Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Gyeong 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute Fisheries Science, Busan 460083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Jo
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute Fisheries Science, Busan 460083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Moon
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Hyeog Im
- Department of Food Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
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10
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Gallego JL, Shipley ER, Vlahos P, Olivero-Verbel J. Occurrence and toxicological relevance of pesticides and trace metals in agricultural soils, sediments, and water of the Sogamoso River basin, Colombia. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141713. [PMID: 38490613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Historical pesticide use in agriculture and trace metal accumulation have long term impact on soil, sediment, and water quality. This research quantifies legacy and current-use pesticides and trace metals, assessing their occurrence and toxicological implications on a watershed scale in the Sogamoso River basin, tributary of the Magdalena River in Colombia. Organochlorine pesticides (22), organophosphates (7), and azole fungicides (5), as well as trace metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in croplands and along the river. Toxic units (TU) and hazard quotients (HQ) were calculated to assess the mixture toxicity. Organochlorines were detected in 84% of soils, 100% of sediments, and 80% of water samples. Organophosphates were found in 100% of soil and sediment samples, as well as in 70% of water samples. Azole fungicides were present in 79% of soils, 60% of sediments, and in 10% of water samples. Total pesticide concentrations ranged from 214.2 to 8497.7 μg/kg in soils, 569.6-12768.2 μg/kg in sediments, and 0.2-4.1 μg/L in water. In addition, the use of partition coefficient (Kd) and organic carbon fraction (foc) allowed the distribution analysis for most of the pesticides in sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and water systems, but not for soils. Concentrations of trace metals Cu, Zn, Pb, and Zn exceeded international quality guidelines for agricultural soils in 16% of the samples. Furthermore, Cu and Zn concentrations exceeded sediment quality guidelines in 50 and 90% of the samples, respectively. These findings demonstrate the broad distribution of complex mixtures of trace metals, legacy organochlorines, and current-use pesticides across the basin, indicating that conventional agriculture is a significant source of diffuse pollution. Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gallego
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia; Engineering Department, University of Medellin, Medellin, 050026, Colombia.
| | - Emma R Shipley
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Penny Vlahos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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11
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Tosadori A, Di Guardo A, Finizio A. Spatial distributions and temporal trends (2009-2020) of chemical mixtures in streams and rivers across Lombardy region (Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170839. [PMID: 38340863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemical mixtures in the environment are of increasing concern in the scientific community and regulators. Indeed, evidence indicates that aquatic wildlife and humans can be simultaneously and successively exposed to multiple chemicals mainly originating from different anthropic sources by direct uptake from water and indirectly via eating aquatic organisms. This study analyses a large set of sampling data referring to the entire Lombardy region, the most industrialised and at the same time the most important agriculture area in Italy, investigating the presence and potential effects of chemical mixtures in surface water bodies. We enriched and further developed an approach based on a previous work, where the overall mixture toxicity was evaluated for three representative aquatic organisms (algae, Daphnia, fish) using the concentration addition model to combine exposure with ecotoxicological data. The calculation of the mixture toxicity has been realised for two scenarios, namely best- and worst-case scenarios. The former considered only quantified compounds in the monitoring campaign, while the latter also included substances with concentrations below the limit of quantification (LoQ). Differences between the two scenario results established the potential toxicity range. Our findings revealed that differences were minimal when the calculated toxicity in the best-case scenario indicated potential risk and, on the contrary, they suggest that the worst-case scenario is overly conservative; we could also state that including substances with concentrations below the LoQ when calculating the overall toxicity of the mixture is useless and then we focused solely on the best-case scenario. The analysis of spatial and temporal risk trends together with contaminant types and target organisms highlighted specific clusters of contamination. Finally, in several cases, our study found that only few compounds were responsible for the majority of mixture toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tosadori
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Guardo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Finizio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
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12
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Merlo-Reyes A, Baduel C, Duwig C, Ramírez MI. Risk assessment of pesticides used in the eastern Avocado Belt of Michoacan, Mexico: A survey and water monitoring approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170288. [PMID: 38266736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides use raises concerns regarding environmental sustainability, as pesticides are closely linked to the decline of biodiversity and adverse human health outcomes. This study proposed a holistic approach for assessing the potential risks posed by pesticides for human health and the environment in the eastern region of Michoacan, where extensive agricultural lands, especially corn and avocado fields, surround the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. We used a combination of qualitative (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (chemical analysis) data. Fifty-five interviews with smallholder farmers allowed us to identify pesticide types, quantities, frequencies, and application methods. A robust and precise analytical method based on solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS was developed and validated to quantify 21 different pesticides in 16 water samples (rivers, wells, runoff areas). We assessed environmental and human health risks based on the pesticides detected in the water samples and reported in the interviews. The interviews revealed the use of 28 active ingredients, including glyphosate (29 % of respondents), imidacloprid (27 %), and benomyl (24 %). The pesticide analysis showed the presence of 13 different pesticides and degradation products in the water samples. The highest concentrations were found for imidacloprid (1195 ngL-1) and carbendazim (a degradation product of benomyl; 932 ngL-1), along with the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides, 3-PBA (494 ngL-1). The risk assessment indicates that among the most used pesticides, the fungicide benomyl and carbendazim pose the highest risk to human health and aquatic ecosystems, respectively. This study unveils novel insights on agricultural practices for the avocado, a globally consumed crop that is undergoing rapid production expansion. It calls for the harmonisation of crop protection with environmental responsibility, safeguarding the health of the people involved and the surrounding ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Merlo-Reyes
- Institut des Géosciences et de l'Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, G-INP, 70 rue de la physique, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - Christine Baduel
- Institut des Géosciences et de l'Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, G-INP, 70 rue de la physique, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Céline Duwig
- Institut des Géosciences et de l'Environnement, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, G-INP, 70 rue de la physique, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
| | - M Isabel Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, 8701, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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13
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Beltrán-Flores E, Sarrà M, Blánquez P. A review on the management of rinse wastewater in the agricultural sector. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141283. [PMID: 38280647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides have become indispensable compounds to sustain global food production. However, a series of sustainable agricultural practices must be ensured to minimize health and environmental risks, such as eco-friendly cultivation techniques, the transition to biopesticides, appropriate hygiene measures, etc. Hygiene measures should include the management of rinse wastewater (RWW) produced when cleaning agricultural equipment and machinery contaminated with pesticides (among other pollutants), such as sprayers or containers. Although some technical guidelines encourage the reuse of RWW in agricultural fields, in many cases the application of specialized treatments is a more environmentally friendly option. Solar photocatalysis was found to be the most widely studied physical-chemical method, especially in regions with intense solar radiation, generally using catalysts such as TiO2, Na2S2O8, and H2O2, operating for relatively short treatment periods (usually from 10 min to 9 h) and requiring accumulated radiation levels typically ranging from 3000 to 10000 kJ m-2. Biological treatments seem to be particularly suitable for this application. Among them, biobed is a well-established and robust technology for the treatment of pesticide-concentrated water in some countries, with operating periods that typically range from 1 to 24 months, and with temperatures preferably close to 20 °C; but further research is required for its implementation in other regions and/or conditions. Solar photocatalysis and biobeds are the only two systems that have been tested in full-scale treatments. Alternatively, fungal bioremediation using white rot fungi has shown excellent efficiencies in the degradation of pesticides from agricultural wastewater. However, greater efforts should be invested in gathering more information to consolidate these technologies and expand their use in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Beltrán-Flores
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paqui Blánquez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Salesa B, Torres-Gavilá J, Ferrando-Rodrigo MD, Sancho E. Pyriproxyfen Contamination in Daphnia magna: Identifying Early Warning Biomarkers. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:214-226. [PMID: 38390993 PMCID: PMC10885111 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is an insecticide currently employed in numerous countries for the management of agricultural and indoor pests. Several studies indicate that this insecticide has been detected in multiple rivers, with concentrations reaching as high as 99.59 ng/L in the Júcar River in Spain. Therefore, the determination of some biochemical and genetic effects of this insecticide on aquatic organisms could serve as an early warning mechanism to identify potential disruptions in various biomarkers. Based on this, Daphnia magna organisms were exposed to pyriproxyfen sublethal concentrations for 21 days. Some biochemical parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, and LDH activity, were determined. Additionally, some genetic biomarkers associated with oxidative stress, heat shock proteins, lipid metabolism, hemoglobin, metallothioneins, and vitellogenin synthesis were evaluated in daphnids exposed to the insecticide for 21 days. LDH activity increased significantly in those daphnids exposed to the highest insecticide concentration (14.02 µg/L), while cholesterol levels decreased significantly. In contrast, glucose, total proteins, and triglycerides remained unaffected in D. magna exposed to pyriproxyfen. On the other hand, exposure to the insecticide led to notable alterations in gene expression among individuals. Specifically, genes associated with lipid metabolism and reproduction exhibited a significant reduction in gene expression. Fabd expression was decreased by approximately 20% in exposed daphnids, while vtg expression was suppressed as much as 80% when compared to control values. Furthermore, it was observed that the hgb1 and hgb2 genes, associated with hemoglobin synthesis, exhibited significant overexpression. Notably, the dysfunction observed in both hemoglobin genes was linked to an increase in pigmentation in Daphnia magna during the course of the experiment. These alterations in gene expression could serve as effective indicators of early contamination even at low pesticide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Salesa
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Torres-Gavilá
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina (IMEDMAR-UCV), c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ferrando-Rodrigo
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Sancho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Martínez-Megías C, Arenas-Sánchez A, Manjarrés-López D, Pérez S, Soriano Y, Picó Y, Rico A. Pharmaceutical and pesticide mixtures in a Mediterranean coastal wetland: comparison of sampling methods, ecological risks, and removal by a constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14593-14609. [PMID: 38277107 PMCID: PMC10884053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and pesticides can be considered hazardous compounds for Mediterranean coastal wetland ecosystems. Although many of these compounds co-occur in environmental samples, only a few studies have been dedicated to assessing the ecotoxicological risks of complex contaminant mixtures. We evaluated the occurrence of 133 pharmaceuticals and pesticides in 12 sites in a protected Mediterranean wetland, the Albufera Natural Park (ANP), based on conventional grab sampling and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). We assessed acute and chronic ecological risks posed by these contaminant mixtures using the multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction (msPAF) approach and investigated the capacity of a constructed wetland to reduce chemical exposure and risks. This study shows that pharmaceuticals and pesticides are widespread contaminants in the ANP, with samples containing up to 75 different compounds. POCIS samplers were found to be useful for the determination of less predictable exposure profiles of pesticides occurring at the end of the rice cultivation cycle, while POCIS and grab samples provide an accurate method to determine (semi-)continuous pharmaceutical exposure. Acute risks were identified in one sample, while chronic risks were determined in most of the collected samples, with 5-25% of aquatic species being potentially affected. The compounds that contributed to the chronic risks were azoxystrobin, ibuprofen, furosemide, caffeine, and some insecticides (diazinon, imidacloprid, and acetamiprid). The evaluated constructed wetland reduced contaminant loads by 45-73% and reduced the faction of species affected from 25 to 6%. Our study highlights the need of addressing contaminant mixture effects in Mediterranean wetlands and supports the use of constructed wetlands to reduce contaminant loads and risks in areas with high anthropogenic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martínez-Megías
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Water Institute, Parque Científico Tecnológico de La Universidad de Alcalá, Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Parque Científico Tecnológico de La Universidad de Alcalá, Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Manjarrés-López
- ONHEALTH, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- ONHEALTH, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Soriano
- Food and Environmental Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Desertification Centre (CIDE) (CSIC-UV-GV), CV-315 Road, Km 10.7, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Research Desertification Centre (CIDE) (CSIC-UV-GV), CV-315 Road, Km 10.7, 46113, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Parque Científico Tecnológico de La Universidad de Alcalá, Punto Com, 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Valenzuela EF, Minho LAC, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Determination of pesticide residue in marginal lagoons of natural parks in Brazil using an improved calibrate passive sampler. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168003. [PMID: 37914113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling is a sensitive and efficient method for analyzing pesticides in water. This article describes a hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) device that was improved using polypropylene membranes grafted with nanocellulose for the passive sampling of pesticides in water. A comprehensive gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/Q-TOFMS) system was used to separate, identify, and quantify pesticides. The sampling rates of 38 moderately hydrophobic to hydrophobic agricultural pesticides (2.18 < log Kow < 6.89) from different chemical classes, including the main triazine, organochlorine and organophosphate compounds, were calculated. A calibration process was applied to evaluate the role of flow velocity and select potential candidates for a possible performance reference compound (PRC). Sampling rates varied between 0.17 mL d-1 and 23.15 mL d-1. The accumulation curves identified linear periods ranging from 3 to 18 days. The new passive sampler device was applied for 8 days in rivers and marginal lagoons of natural parks of the São Francisco basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil and identified 10 target pesticides. Furthermore, 10 non-targeted pesticides were detected by the GCxGC/Q-TOFMS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F Valenzuela
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas A C Minho
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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17
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Li L, Wang Y, Liu L, Gao C, Ru S, Yang L. Occurrence, ecological risk, and advanced removal methods of herbicides in waters: a timely review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3297-3319. [PMID: 38095790 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Coastal pollution caused by the importation of agricultural herbicides is one of the main environmental problems that directly affect the coastal primary productivity and even the safety of human seafood. It is urgent to evaluate the ecological risk objectively and explore feasible removal strategies. However, existing studies focus on the runoff distribution and risk assessment of specific herbicides in specific areas, and compared with soil environment, there are few studies on remediation methods for water environment. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the current situation of herbicide pollution in global coastal waters and the dose-response relationships of various herbicides on phytoplankton and higher trophic organisms from the perspective of ecological risks. In addition, we believe that compared with the traditional single physical and chemical remediation methods, biological remediation and its combined technology are the most promising methods for herbicide pollution remediation currently. Therefore, we focus on the application prospects, challenges, and management strategies of new bioremediation systems related to biology, such as constructed wetlands, membrane bioreactor processes, and microbial co-metabolism, in order to provide more advanced methods for reducing herbicide pollution in the water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liqiang Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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18
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Xu X, Wu A, Guo L, Kuang H, Xu L, Xu C, Liu L. Gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of imazalil. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:123-131. [PMID: 37823288 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00371j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ) is a commonly used fungicide for controlling fungus in agriculture, leaving residual IMZ in crops that could be hazardous to human health. In this work, we designed IMZ haptens for mice immunization and prepared sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) against IMZ. The subtype of anti-IMZ mAb is IgG2a. It possessed a half inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.95 ng mL-1 and showed no cross-reactivity against other chemicals in ic-ELISA. Taking advantage of the mAb, we developed a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for the rapid detection of IMZ in grapes and tomatoes. The assay gave a visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 25 ng g-1 and cut-off value of 500 ng g-1 in both samples. According to the calibration curves, the calculated LOD were 4.12 ng g-1 and 4.70 ng g-1 in grapes and tomatoes, respectively. The recovery rates of IMZ ranged from 84.7% to 104.4% with variation coefficients (CVs) of 5.7-11.8% in spiked samples, indicating a potent practicability of the GICA. The whole GICA process took 30 min. Therefore, the developed assay can be used for on-site detection and quantitation of IMZ in grape and tomato samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Aihong Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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19
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Tejeda-Benítez L, Noguera K, Aga D, Olivero-Verbel J. Pesticides in sediments from Magdalena River, Colombia, are linked to reproductive toxicity on Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139602. [PMID: 37480944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are prevalent pollutants found in river sediments in agricultural regions worldwide, leading to environmental pollution and toxic effects on biota. In this study, twenty sediment samples were collected from the Magdalena River in Colombia and analyzed for forty pesticides. Methanolic extracts of the sediments were used to expose Caenorhabditis elegans for 24 h, evaluating the effects on its reproduction. The most abundant pesticides found in Magdalena River sediments were atrazine, bromacil, DDE, and chlorpyrifos. The concentrations of DDE and the sum of DDD, DDE, and DDT were above the Threshold Effect Concentration (TEC) values for freshwater sediments, indicating potential effects on aquatic organisms. The ratios of DDT/(DDE + DDD) and DDD/DDE suggest historical contributions of DDT and degradation under aerobic conditions. Several sampling sites displayed a moderate toxicity risk to biota, as calculated by the sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ). Nematode brood size was reduced by up to 37% after sediment extract exposure. The presence of chlordane, DDT-related compounds, and chlorpyrifos in Magdalena River sediments was associated with reproductive toxicity among C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly Tejeda-Benítez
- Biomedical, Toxicological and Environmental Sciences (Biotoxam), Campus Piedra de Bolivar, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Katia Noguera
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Diana Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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20
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Martinho SD, Fernandes VC, Figueiredo SA, Vilarinho R, Moreira JA, Delerue-Matos C. Laboratory Studies about Microplastic Aging and Its Effects on the Adsorption of Chlorpyrifos. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3468. [PMID: 37631527 PMCID: PMC10459960 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant change in microplastics (MP) due to exposure to environmental conditions leads to physical and chemical changes that enhance their ability to transport other pollutants, increasing the concern about their widespread presence in the environment. This work aimed to simulate the aging process of six MP (polyamide 6, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, low-density polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polypropylene) in freshwater and seawater ecosystems at laboratory scale and evaluate its effects through optical microscope observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Through a combined experimental study of aged MP, the degradation by UV interaction was evidenced by the appearance of new infrared bands in the FTIR spectra assigned to ketones and hydroxyl groups. While Raman analysis and microscope images reveal the appearance of pores, wrinkles, and roughness in the MP surfaces. Variations in the temperature of the maximum weight loss of the MP were observed in the TGA analysis. The adsorption of chlorpyrifos (CPF), a common pesticide widely used in agriculture, by the pristine and aged MP was also studied. The highest affinity for CPF was observed for pristine LDPE and the lowest for PP. The batch adsorption studies revealed an increase in adsorption capacity as a consequence of the aging process for both MP. These results proved that the weathering effects caused changes in the behavior of MP, namely in the interaction with other pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia D. Martinho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernandino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (S.D.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vírgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernandino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (S.D.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Sónia A. Figueiredo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernandino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (S.D.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Rui Vilarinho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of the Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (J.A.M.)
- IFIMUP—Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics, Faculty of Sciences of the Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Agostinho Moreira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of the Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (R.V.); (J.A.M.)
- IFIMUP—Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics, Faculty of Sciences of the Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernandino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (S.D.M.); (C.D.-M.)
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21
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Yang S, Liao M, Su S, Ding S, Li Y, Gan Z. Occurrence, distribution and environmental risk of 19 anthelmintic drugs in river water and sediment from the Jinjiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1407-1417. [PMID: 37545439 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the occurrence and distribution of 19 anthelmintic drugs (ADs) including the benzimidazole group, salicylanilide group, imidazothiazole group, tetrahydropyrimidine group, diphenylsulfide group, macrocyclic lactone group and hexahydropyrazine group in river water and sediment of the Jinjiang River in Sichuan, China, during summer and winter seasons. All targets were detected in river water (up to 74.64 ng L-1) and sediment (up to 1701 ng g-1) samples. The predominant ADs were benzimidazoles regardless of seasons and matrices, accounting for 43-82% of the total anthelmintic abundance. Obvious seasonal variation of AD concentrations in the two matrices was observed, which could be attributed to the seasonality of human and veterinary uses of ADs. Evident spatial variation (urban and rural areas) of ADs in winter was indicative of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the environmental concentration of ADs. Though benzimidazoles accumulated in the water and sediment with the highest concentration among all the ADs, macrocyclic lactones were of the highest risk to non-target organisms through ecological risk assessment, with an RQEcotox value up to 2713. This work contributes to comprehensively assessing the contamination level, ecological level and transmission characteristics of ADs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Mengxi Liao
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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22
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Salesa B, Torres-Gavilá J, Sancho E, Ferrando MD. Multigenerational effects of the insecticide Pyriproxyfen and recovery in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:164013. [PMID: 37164084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an ecotoxicological approach to the evaluation of the insecticide Pyriproxifen in the crustacean Daphnia magna was done. Acute toxicity tests (48 h), feeding behavior test (5 h) and chronic toxicity test (21 days) were carried out on a parental daphnid generation (F0). Pyriproxifen D. magna EC50 value in our experimental conditions was 336.47 μg/L. Based on this result, sublethal test concentrations were selected for the feeding study and the F0 chronic experiment. Filtration and ingestion rates of D. magna exposed animals did not show any significant difference respect to control daphnids. However, daphnids from the parental F0 generation when exposed to the insecticide during 21 days showed a decreased in all the reproductive parameters tested (mean total neonates per female, mean brood size, time to first brood, and mean number of broods per female) as well as in the population statistic growth rate (r), although survival was not affected. On the other hand, offspring from F0 females exposed to the highest Pyriproxifen concentration (14.02 μg/L) were separated in two F1 generation experiments. One group was transferred during 21 days to a medium free of toxicant (F1 generation-TC group) while the other group was exposed during 21 days to the same insecticide concentration as their mothers (14.02 μg/L) (F1 generation-TT group). Results from both experiments determined a decreased in most of the reproductive parameters which was higher in the F1-TT group, although some of them were recovered in the F1-TC group. On the other hand, the morphological analysis of the daphnids showed that the coloration pattern was altered in the daphnids exposed to the insecticide, together with a significant size decreased, and neonates from F0 progeny with the same morphological abnormality. Finally, we determined that the insecticide caused the appearance of males among the offspring generated by the F0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Salesa
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Torres-Gavilá
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina (IMEDMAR-UCV), c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Encarnación Sancho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Dept. Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ferrando
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Dept. Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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23
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Martínez-Megías C, Mentzel S, Fuentes-Edfuf Y, Moe SJ, Rico A. Influence of climate change and pesticide use practices on the ecological risks of pesticides in a protected Mediterranean wetland: A Bayesian network approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163018. [PMID: 36963680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by agricultural pesticides is one of the most important pressures affecting Mediterranean coastal wetlands. Pesticide risks are expected to be influenced by climate change, which will result in an increase of temperatures and a decrease in annual precipitation. On the other hand, pesticide dosages are expected to change given the increase in pest resistance and the implementation of environmental policies like the European ´Farm-to-Fork` strategy, which aims for a 50 % reduction in pesticide usage by 2030. The influence of climate change and pesticide use practices on the ecological risks of pesticides needs to be evaluated making use of realistic environmental scenarios. This study investigates how different climate change and pesticide use practices affect the ecological risks of pesticides in the Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain), a protected Mediterranean coastal wetland. We performed a probabilistic risk assessment for nine pesticides applied in rice production using three climatic scenarios (for the years 2008, 2050 and 2100), three pesticide dosage regimes (the recommended dose, and 50 % increase and 50 % decrease), and their combinations. The scenarios were used to simulate pesticide exposure concentrations in the water column of the rice paddies using the RICEWQ model. Pesticide effects were characterized using acute and chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions built with toxicity data for aquatic organisms. Risk quotients were calculated as probability distributions making use of Bayesian networks. Our results show that future climate projections will influence exposure concentrations for some of the studied pesticides, yielding higher dissipation and lower exposure in scenarios dominated by an increase of temperatures, and higher exposure peaks in scenarios where heavy precipitation events occur right after pesticide application. Our case study shows that pesticides such as azoxystrobin, difenoconazole and MCPA are posing unacceptable ecological risks for aquatic organisms, and that the implementation of the ´Farm-to-Fork` strategy is crucial to reduce them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martínez-Megías
- University of Alcalá, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona KM 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Mentzel
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yasser Fuentes-Edfuf
- Department of Strategy, IE Business School, IE University, Paseo de la Castellana 259 E., 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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24
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Mugudamani I, Oke SA, Gumede TP, Senbore S. Herbicides in Water Sources: Communicating Potential Risks to the Population of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. TOXICS 2023; 11:538. [PMID: 37368638 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are an important tool for maintaining and improving the global population's standard of living. However, their presence in water resources is concerning due to their potential consequences. Twelve water samples from rivers, dams/reservoirs, and treated drinking water were collected from Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa. The collected samples were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography linked to a QTRAP hybrid triple quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The ecological and human health risks were assessed by risk quotient and human health risk assessment methods, respectively. Herbicides, such as atrazine, metolachlor, simazine and terbuthylazine, were analysed in water sources. The average concentrations of simazine in rivers (1.82 mg/L), dams/reservoirs (0.12 mg/L), and treated drinking water (0.03 mg/L) were remarkable among all four herbicides detected. Simazine, atrazine, and terbuthylazine posed high ecological risks for both acute and chronic toxicity in all water sources. Moreover, simazine is the only contaminant in the river water that poses a medium carcinogenic risk to adult. It can be concluded that the level of herbicide detected in water sources may affect aquatic life and human beings negatively. This study may aid in the development of pesticide pollution management and risk reduction strategies within the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Mugudamani
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Saheed A Oke
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Smart Cities, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Thandi Patricia Gumede
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Samson Senbore
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Smart Cities, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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25
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Bhattacharyya S, Poi R, Sen MB, Hazra DK, Mandal S, Karmakar R. Long-term profound investigation of Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and indirect pesticide pollution in jute-cropped environmental ecosystem for dietary and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3683-3698. [PMID: 36478235 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Jute is a healthy vegetable due to its high content of carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to its industrial utility. The purpose of this study was to look into the dissipation of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and to track indirect sources of pesticide accumulation in jute ecosystems for three years in a row during tropical monsoon seasons. To avoid the intake of residues over approved limits, a rapid extraction technique was developed to evaluate the residues of this herbicide (Whip-Super 9% EC) in jute leaves, fiber, cropped soil, and water. A modified QuEChERS approach based on liquid chromatography and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) detection was developed and successfully validated in accordance with SANCO requirements. Gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to examine fish and water samples from jute fields and retting pond for twenty widely-used multi-class pesticide contaminations from indirect sources. Relative standard deviations (RSD) (≤ 20) and recoveries (100-115%) are observed to be within acceptable ranges. In edible jute leaves, independent of season, first-order kinetics of dissipation was recorded, with half-lives ranging from 0.61 to 0.68 days. Based on the findings of the risk assessment, it is feasible to conclude that the consumer health risks of ingesting jute leaves are insignificant, even on day zero, when used at the recommended amount, and that using jute bags for food packaging and storage is safe. But jute field water was found to be less polluted with indirect pesticides than water from a nearby jute retted pond. Fish samples from this jute retted pond were also analyzed and found to be 26% contaminated. The presence of quinalphos and chlorpyriphos in jute retting water and fish might pose a concern to consumer health and environmental ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhattacharyya
- All India Network Project On Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Poi
- All India Network Project On Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Moni Baskey Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Hazra
- All India Network Project On Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Swagata Mandal
- All India Network Project On Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Rajib Karmakar
- All India Network Project On Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India.
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26
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Wei Y, Wang L, Liu J. The diabetogenic effects of pesticides: Evidence based on epidemiological and toxicological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121927. [PMID: 37268216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While the use of pesticides has improved grain productivity and controlled vector-borne diseases, the widespread use of pesticides has resulted in ubiquitous environmental residues that pose health risks to humans. A number of studies have linked pesticide exposure to diabetes and glucose dyshomeostasis. This article reviews the occurrence of pesticides in the environment and human exposure, the associations between pesticide exposures and diabetes based on epidemiological investigations, as well as the diabetogenic effects of pesticides based on the data from in vivo and in vitro studies. The potential mechanisms by which pesticides disrupt glucose homeostasis include induction of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, acetylcholine accumulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The gaps between laboratory toxicology research and epidemiological studies lead to an urgent research need on the diabetogenic effects of herbicides and current-use insecticides, low-dose pesticide exposure research, the diabetogenic effects of pesticides in children, and assessment of toxicity and risks of combined exposure to multiple pesticides with other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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27
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Rodríguez-Bolaña C, Pérez-Parada A, Tesitore G, Goyenola G, Kröger A, Pacheco M, Gérez N, Berton A, Zinola G, Gil G, Mangarelli A, Pequeño F, Besil N, Niell S, Heinzen H, Teixeira de Mello F. Multicompartmental monitoring of legacy and currently used pesticides in a subtropical lake used as a drinking water source (Laguna del Cisne, Uruguay). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162310. [PMID: 36828068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A pilot annual monitoring survey (April 2018-March 2019) was conducted to investigate the presence of pesticides in superficial water and fish in Laguna del Cisne, one of the most critical drinking water sources in Uruguay. A total of 25 pesticide residues were detected in superficial water (89.3 % of the samples). Pesticide's temporal distribution was associated with crops and livestock practices, with higher occurrences in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The most frequent compounds in superficial water were the insecticide chlorantraniliprole, and the herbicides glyphosate (including its metabolite AMPA) and metolachlor. The levels of Organochlorine pesticide, p,p'-DDT, was in some cases two order of magnitude above the international water quality guidelines for Ambient Water Criteria. In fishes, eight different pesticides were detected, at concentrations from 1000 to 453,000 ng·kg-1. The most frequent pesticides found were propiconazole, chlorpyrifos, and p,p'-DDE. The widespread occurrence of pesticides in fish suggests potential exposure effects on fish populations and the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling approach of this work allowed monitoring the continuous concentrations of several pesticides in surface waters and fishes to establish the influence from past and current agriculture practices in Laguna del Cisne basin. For safety measures, continuous monitoring programs must be performed in this system to prevent toxicity impacts on aquatic organisms and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rodríguez-Bolaña
- Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay.
| | - Andrés Pérez-Parada
- Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, CP 27000 Rocha, Uruguay; Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Giancarlo Tesitore
- Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Goyenola
- Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Kröger
- Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay
| | - Martín Pacheco
- Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Gérez
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analia Berton
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gianna Zinola
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Gil
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Mangarelli
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fiamma Pequeño
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Química del Litoral, Facultad de Química, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3, Km 363, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Besil
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Química del Litoral, Facultad de Química, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3, Km 363, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Niell
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Departamento de Química del Litoral, Facultad de Química, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3, Km 363, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Horacio Heinzen
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Cátedra de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franco Teixeira de Mello
- Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó entre Saravia y Bvar. Artigas, Maldonado CP 20000, Uruguay.
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Rocha MJ, Rocha E. Chemical Survey and Risk Assessment of 56 Pesticides in the Sado River Estuary (Iberian Peninsula, Portugal). TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050457. [PMID: 37235271 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Sado basin (~8000 km2) is an area where intensive agriculture occurs. However, this region still has few data about the water levels of priority pesticides such as fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. Therefore, water samples were collected every two months at nine sites along the Sado River Estuary and analyzed by GC-MS/MS to determine the influx of pesticides in that ecosystem. More than 87% of the pesticides were quantified, and 42% and 72% were above the maximum totals established by the European Directives 98/83/EC and 2013/39/EU, respectively. Fungicides (91%), herbicides (87%), and insecticides (85%) attained average annual amounts of ≈3.2 µg/L, ≈1.0 µg/L, and ≈12.8 µg/L, respectively. A mathematical approach was used to evaluate the hazard of the pesticide mixture at the maximum concentrations found in this area. The assessment identified invertebrates as the most at-risk trophic level and identified two chemicals (chlorpyriphos and cyfluthrin) as the primary culprits. This assumption was supported by acute in vivo assays using Daphnia magna. These observations, and the high concentrations of phosphates, indicate that the status of the Sado waters poses environmental and potential human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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29
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Zhang M, Liu N, Hou L, Li C, Li C. Adsorption behaviors of chlorpyrifos on UV aged microplastics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114852. [PMID: 36996610 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Both non-degradable and biodegradable plastics can act as vectors of diverse organic pollutants. In this study, two types of biodegradable microplastics [poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA)] and one type of non-degradable microplastics [polypropylene (PP)] were selected to investigate the impacts of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for one month on microplastics surface modification and their adsorption behaviors for chlorpyrifos (CPF). The study revealed that PBAT held the largest adsorption capacity, and PLA held the fastest adsorption rate. The UV irradiation diminished the adsorption capacities on PLA and PP but enhanced the adsorption capacities on PBAT. The adsorption capacity normalized by specific surface area revealed that specific surface area was the dominant factor for affecting the adsorption capacities on PP and PLA after UV irradiation. These findings further clarify the interaction between CPF and microplastics, and provide a theoretical basis for assessing the ecological risk of microplastics in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Na Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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30
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Rocha MJ, Rocha E. Chemical monitoring and risk assessment of 56 pesticides in the Ave River and adjoining Atlantic coastline (Iberian Peninsula, Portugal). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114844. [PMID: 37015172 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Ave basin (North Atlantic Ocean Ecoregion) is highly disturbed by anthropogenic activities. The amounts and distribution patterns of 56 priority pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides) dissolved in the aqueous phase (DAP) and suspended particle matter (SPM) were evaluated seasonally along the river, estuary and coastline. Over 83 % of the GC-MS/MS-identified pesticides were quantified in DAP and 91 % in SPM. Pesticides' average annual amounts were ≅316 ng/L and 1.3 μg/g (fungicides), ≅272 ng/L and 2.2 μg/g (herbicides) and ≅1344 ng/L and 6.6 μg/g (insecticides). Invertebrates were the most vulnerable trophic level in the theoretical assessment of pesticide mixture hazards. This hypothesis was strengthened by acute in vivo assays using Artemia salina and Daphnia magna. These data, and the fact that 38 % of pesticides showed concentrations above the maximum established by the European legislation, plus the high concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and phosphates, request further depollution actions in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rocha
- Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Team of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Team of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
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31
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Dulsat-Masvidal M, Ciudad C, Infante O, Mateo R, Lacorte S. Water pollution threats in important bird and biodiversity areas from Spain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130938. [PMID: 36860036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is still an underestimated threat to surface waters from natural areas. This study has analysed the presence and distribution of 59 organic micropollutants (OMPs) including pharmaceuticals, lifestyle compounds, pesticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), benzophenone and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in 411 water samples from 140 Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) from Spain, to evaluate the impact of these pollutants in sites of environmental relevance. Lifestyle compounds, pharmaceuticals and OPEs were the most ubiquitous chemical families, while pesticides and PFASs showed a detection frequency below 25% of the samples. The mean concentrations detected ranged from 0.1 to 301 ng/L. According to spatial data, agricultural surface has been identified as the most important source of all OMPs in natural areas. Lifestyle compounds and PFASs have been related to the presence of artificial surface and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharges, which were also an important source of pharmaceuticals to surface waters. Fifteen out of 59 OMPs have been found at levels posing a high risk for the aquatic IBAs ecosystems, being the insecticide chlorpyrifos, the antidepressant venlafaxine and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) the most concerning compounds. This is the first study to quantify water pollution in IBAs and evidence that OMPs are an emerging threat to freshwater ecosystems that are essential for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dulsat-Masvidal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ciudad
- SEO/BirdLife, Melquiades Biencinto, 34, 28053 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Mahato S, Naik RH, Bheemanna M, Pallavi MS, Hurali S, Rao SN, Naik MN, Paramsivam M. Determination of chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC in the paddy ecosystem and its risk assessment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5464. [PMID: 37015957 PMCID: PMC10073179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole belongsto theanthranilic diamide group is widely used against broad range of lepidopteron pests in a variety of vegetable and rice pests includingyellow rice stem borer and leaf folder. Supervised field trials were conducted duringRabi (2018-2019) and Kharif (2019) to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC in paddy ecosystem following foliar application at 30 and 60 g a.i. ha-1 in two different cropping seasons.Modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) technique was used for the extraction of CAP residues with acetonitrile and determined by LC-MS/MS (ESI +).The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.01 µg g-1 for paddy leaf, straw, husk, and brown rice, respectively and 0.005 µg g-1 for soil. The average recoveries obtained were 84.30-88.92% from paddy leaf, 94.25-97.81% from straw, 90.21-93.38% from husk, 93.57-96.40% from brown rice and 89.93-91.14% from soil. The residues in paddy leaf dissipated within 35-40 days with a half-life of 4.33-5.07 days in Rabi and 3.92-4.86 days in Kharif at 30 and 60 g a.i. ha-1, respectively. The residues in soil dissipated within 15-21 days with a half-life of 14.44-15.75 days in Rabi and 13.33-14.44 days in Kharif at respective doses. At harvest chlorantraniliprole residues were not detected in straw, husk, and brown rice. The dietary risk of paddy leaf (green fodder) for cattle was found safe for consumption as the hazard index is less than one. Soil ecological risk assessment was found to be less than one (RQ < 0.1) for earthworms (Eisenia foetida) and arthropods (Aphidiusrhopalosiphi). The presentmethod could be useful inthe analysis ofchlorantraniliproleresidues in different cereals and vegetable crop ecosystems and application at recommended dose is safe for the final produce at harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswati Mahato
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - R Harischandra Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India.
- College of Horticulture, Bangalore, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, India.
| | - M Bheemanna
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - M S Pallavi
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Sujay Hurali
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Saroja Narsing Rao
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - M Nagaraj Naik
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - M Paramsivam
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
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Bellver-Domingo Á, Fuentes R, Hernández-Sancho F, Carmona E, Picó Y, Hernández-Chover V. MCDA-DEA approach to construct a composite indicator for effluents from WWTPs considering the influence of PPCPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47234-47247. [PMID: 36735130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering current water situation, reuse is an effective solution to meet water demand and reduce pressure on conventional water sources. However, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) decrease their quality and suitability. With the aim of identifying and monitoring both the influence of PPCPs and the suitability of effluents to be reused, this study proposes the development of a composite indicator (CI) related to PPCP presence in WWTPs, through the common weight multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)-data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. Obtaining a CI for PPCPs is a novel approach in the published literature, showing a new perspective in PPCP management and their influence in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study proposes an improvement on MCDA-DEA model which maintains the initial hierarchy obtained for the units analyzed. The development of CI is based on information about the technological, environmental, social, and biological issues of WWTPs. Results show that 4 of the 33 WWTPs analysed had the best CI values, meaning that their effluents have lower environmental impact. The development of a CI related to PPCPs in WWTPs suggests that further steps are needed to manage the WWTP effluents. Hence, the need to implement preventive measures in WWTPs has been shown, even though the removal of PPCPs is not yet part of European law. This work highlights the importance of considering PPCPs as priority pollutants in wastewater management and reuse frameworks, to guarantee low environmental impact and adapt wastewater reuse based on a circular economy approach. HIGHLIGHTS: Emerging contaminants (PPCPs) are used as effluent quality indicators. A composite indicator for PPCPs performance has been developed through MCDA-DEA model. Indicator obtained allow decision makers implementing concrete actions to assess effluent quality. Results show the improvement capacity of the effluents quality through PPCPs removing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Bellver-Domingo
- Institute of Local Development (ILD-WATER). Water Economics Group, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Department of Applied Economic Analysis, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesc Hernández-Sancho
- Institute of Local Development (ILD-WATER). Water Economics Group, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Carmona
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre, CIDE-GV-UV), University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés, S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr, 15 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre, CIDE-GV-UV), University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés, S/N, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Hernández-Chover
- Institute of Local Development (ILD-WATER). Water Economics Group, University of Valencia, Avda. Tarongers S/N, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Li K, Naviaux JC, Lingampelly SS, Wang L, Monk JM, Taylor CM, Ostle C, Batten S, Naviaux RK. Historical biomonitoring of pollution trends in the North Pacific using archived samples from the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161222. [PMID: 36584956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
First started in 1931, the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey is the longest-running and most geographically extensive marine plankton sampling program in the world. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of biomonitoring the spatiotemporal trends of marine pollution using archived CPR samples from the North Pacific. We selected specimens collected from three different locations (British Columbia Shelf, Northern Gulf of Alaska, and Aleutian Shelf) in the North Pacific between 2002 and 2020. Comprehensive profiling of the plankton chemical exposome was conducted using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS). Our results show that phthalates, plasticizers, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products were present in the plankton exposome, and that many of these pollutants have decreased in amount over the last two decades, which was most pronounced for tri-n-butyl phosphate. In addition, the plankton exposome differed significantly by regional human activities, with the most polluted samples coming from the nearshore area. Exposome-wide association analysis revealed that bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants was highly correlated with the biomass of different plankton taxa. Overall, this study demonstrates that exposomic analysis of archived samples from the CPR Survey is effective for long-term biomonitoring of the spatial and temporal trends of environmental pollutants in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America.
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America
| | - Sai Sachin Lingampelly
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America
| | - Claire M Taylor
- The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Clare Ostle
- The Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Sonia Batten
- North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA 92103-8467, United States of America.
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35
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Singh RP, Mahajan M, Gandhi K, Gupta PK, Singh A, Singh P, Singh RK, Kidwai MK. A holistic review on trend, occurrence, factors affecting pesticide concentration, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:451. [PMID: 36890356 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Demographic outbursts and increased food demands invoke excessive use of pesticides in the agricultural field for increasing productivity which leads to the relentless decline of riverine health and its tributaries. These tributaries are connected to a plethora of point and non-point sources that transport pollutants including pesticides into the Ganga river's mainstream. Simultaneous climate change and lack of rainfall significantly increase pesticide concentration in the soil and water matrix of the river basin. This paper is intended to review the paradigm shift of pesticide pollution in the last few decades in the river Ganga and its tributaries. Along with this, a comprehensive review suggests the ecological risk assessment method which facilitates policy development, sustainable riverine ecosystem management, and decision-making. Before 2011, the total mixture of Hexachlorocyclohexane was found at 0.004-0.026 ng/mL in Hooghly, but now, the concentration has increased up to 0.465-4.132 ng/mL. Aftermath of critical review, we observed maximum residual commodities and pesticide contamination reported in Uttar Pradesh > West Bengal > Bihar > Uttara Khand possibly because of agricultural load, increasing settlement, and incompetency of sewage treatment plant in the reclamation of pesticide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Waste management, Resource recovery & Ecotoxicology (WRE) Laboratory, Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Monika Mahajan
- Waste management, Resource recovery & Ecotoxicology (WRE) Laboratory, Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kavita Gandhi
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Sophisticated Environmental Analytical Facility, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prafull Singh
- Remote Sensing & Groundwater Modeling Lab, Department of Geology, Central University South Bihar (CUSB), Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mohd Kashif Kidwai
- Department of Energy & Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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Hao H, Zhu J, Yang B, Peng L, Lou S. Ovalbumin-coated gold nanoparticles with interesting colloidal stability for colorimetric detection of carbaryl in complex media. Food Chem 2023; 403:134485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shah ZU, Parveen S. Distribution and risk assessment of pesticide residues in sediment samples from river Ganga, India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279993. [PMID: 36730256 PMCID: PMC9894440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of pesticides leads to their entry in to the bottom sediments, where they are absorbed in the sediment's particle and thus, may become the consistent source of aquatic pollution. The present work was carried out to evaluate pesticide residues in the sediment samples and associated human health risk of commonly used pesticides along the basin of river Ganga. Total of 16 pesticides were analyzed along three stretches of river Ganga. The concentration of pesticides in the upper stretch ranged from ND to 0.103 μg/kg, in the middle stretch ND to 0.112 μg/kg, and in the lower stretch ND to 0.105 μg/kg. Strong positive correlation was found between total organic carbon and total pesticide residues in sediment samples. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic values were estimated below the threshold limit suggesting no associated risk. Risks associated with the inhalation route of exposure were found to be higher than the dermal and ingestion routes. Children were found at higher risk at each site from multiple routes of exposure than adult population groups. Toxic unit values were found to be below the threshold value suggesting no risk associated with exposure of pesticides from sediments. However, long term effects on ecological quality due to consistent pesticide exposure must not be ignored. Therefore, the present study focuses on concrete efforts like lowering the irrational used of pesticides, tapping of agricultural and domestic drains, advice to farmers for appropriate use of pesticide doses, to reduce the threat of pesticide pollution in the river system and possible human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Umar Shah
- Department of Zoology, Limnology Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Saltanat Parveen
- Department of Zoology, Limnology Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Li W, Wang P, Chu B, Chen X, Peng Z, Chu J, Lin R, Gu Q, Lu J, Wu D. A highly-sensitive sensor based on carbon nanohorns@reduced graphene oxide coated by gold platinum core–shell nanoparticles for electrochemical detection of carbendazim in fruit and vegetable juice. Food Chem 2023; 402:134197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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San Juan MRF, Lavarías SML, Aparicio V, Larsen KE, Lerner JEC, Cortelezzi A. Ecological risk assessment of pesticides in sediments of Pampean streams, Argentina. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137598. [PMID: 36549510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After their application in agricultural areas, pesticides are dispersed throughout the environment, causing contamination problems. In Argentina, the main promoter of transgenic biotechnology in the region, the total consumption of agrochemicals has increased significantly in recent years. Most chemicals dumped near surface waters eventually end up in bottom sediments and can be toxic to the organisms that live there. However, published data on the mixing of pesticides in this compartment is still scarce. The objective of this work was to detect and quantify pesticide residues in the sediment of rural streams in the Pampas region and to carry out acute and chronic risk assessment in these aquatic ecosystems. The study area comprises the mountainous system of Tandilia, located in one of the most productive agricultural areas in the country. The concentration of atrazine, acetochlor, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and 2,4-D in the sediment of four rural streams was determined in three different seasons, and the toxic units (TU) and the risk ratios (RQ) were calculated. All the compounds analyzed were detected in most of the sampling seasons and study sites, at concentrations higher than those established in the national and international quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota in surface waters and for human consumption. Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and acetochlor were the main pesticides contributing to the TU and RQ values, representing a medium or high ecological risk in most of the sites. Therefore, the evaluation of these pesticides in the bottom sediments could be a decisive factor in assessing the risk to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Fernández San Juan
- Instituto Multidisciplinario Sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (ECOSISTEMAS), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CIC-CONICET), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA-CCT CONICET) La Plata - UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - V Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73,3, Balcarce, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina.
| | - K E Larsen
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CIC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina.
| | - J E Colman Lerner
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" (CONICET-UNLP-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A Cortelezzi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario Sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (ECOSISTEMAS), UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina; CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Argentina.
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García-Pimentel M, Campillo JA, Castaño-Ortiz JM, Llorca M, León VM. Occurrence and distribution of contaminants of legacy and emerging concern in surface waters of two Western Mediterranean coastal areas: Mar Menor Lagoon and Ebro Delta. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114542. [PMID: 36669297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of UV filters, plastic additives, synthetic musks, other personal care products (Other PCPs), triazines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other current-use pesticides (Other CUPs) were characterised during summer 2018 and winter 2019 in surface waters of two sensitive areas of the Spanish coast located on the Mediterranean Sea (Mar Menor lagoon and Ebro Delta). Sixty-three organic contaminants out of a total of 100 compounds were detected, thus confirming the presence of all groups of pollutants studied in surface water at concentrations of ng/L. Both areas are affected by agricultural, urban and recreational activities, PCPs (mainly UV filters) being the predominant compounds found in both seasons which showed significant increases in concentrations in summer. The contaminants found at the highest concentrations were octocrylene, homosalate and ethylhexyl salicylate, which showed risk quotients higher than 1, indicating a potential risk to aquatic organisms, particularly in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Pimentel
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - J A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J M Castaño-Ortiz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Llorca
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - V M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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Zhu J, Ouyang W, Guo Z, Liu X, He M, Li Q, Liu H, Lin C. Occurrence, spatiotemporal dynamics, and ecological risk of fungicides in a reservoir-regulated basin. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107697. [PMID: 36535191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As an indispensable type of pesticide, fungicides have been somewhat neglected compared to insecticides and herbicides. Heavy fungicide application in agricultural regions may generate downstream ecological concerns via in-stream transport, and the reservoir complicates the process. Monitoring fungicide exposure and exploring reservoir effect on fungicide transport is the key to develop the downstream strategies of agricultural diffusion pollution control. Here, we investigated the exposure, spatiotemporal dynamics, and ecological risk of fungicides in a reservoir-regulated agricultural basin, located in the middle of the Yangtze River Basin, China. Seven fungicides were preliminarily identified and exhibited high detection frequencies (>85 %) in subsequent quantification of water samples from three sampling activities. The total concentration of fungicides ranged from 2.47 to 560.29 ng/L, 28.35 to 274.69 ng/L, and 13.61 to 146.968 ng/L in April, September, and November, respectively. Overall, the contamination levels of fungicides were in the ascending order of April < November < September. The spatial distribution of fungicides was closely associated with the dense of cultivated land, supporting its agricultural source. Furthermore, the reservoir plays a retention role in fungicides, alleviating ecological pressure downstream during the water storage period. Yet, due to the alternation of "source" and "sink" function of the reservoir, the contribution of Zijiang River to the fungicide load in the Yangtze River Basin still needs further attention. Although there is no acute risk posed by fungicides, even in the high-exposure scenario, the chronic ecological risk could not be ignored. Agricultural intensive regions, coupled with the reservoir, provide rather substantial chronic ecological concerns. Carbendazim has been designated as a priority pollutant that contributes significantly to cumulative chronic risk. Thus, we emphasize strengthening the supervision of fungicides in surface water and rationally restricting the use of carbendazim in agricultural operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Zewei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Jeyasekaran G, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Keerthana M, Perumal K. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) at different growth stages of pacific white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): First report on ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136459. [PMID: 36150495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues (PRs) in farmed shrimps are concerning food safety risks. Globally, India is a major exporter of pacific white leg shrimp (P. vannamei). This study was undertaken to analyze PRs in the water, sediments, shrimps, and feed at different growth stages to evaluate the ecotoxicological and human health risks. PRs in the seawater and sediments ranged from not detected (ND) to 0.027 μg/L and 0.006-12.39 μg/kg, and the concentrations were within the maximum residual limits (MRLs) and sediment quality guidelines prescribed by the World Health Organization and Canadian Environment Guidelines, respectively. PRs in shrimps at three growth stages viz. Postlarvae, juvenile, and adults, ranged from ND to 0.522 μg/kg, below the MRLs set by Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Commission. Most of the PRs in water, sediments, and shrimps did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) from days of culture (DOC-01) to DOC-90. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard ratio (HR) were found to be < 1, indicating that consumption of shrimps has no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. PRs in shrimp feed ranged from ND to 0.777 μg/kg and were found to be below the MRLs set by EC, which confirms that the feed fed is safe for aquaculture practices and does not biomagnify in animals. The risk quotient (RQ) and toxic unit (TU) ranged from insignificant level (ISL) to 0.509 and ISL to 0.022, indicating that PRs do not pose acute and chronic ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. The study suggested no health risk due to PRs in shrimps cultured in India and exported to the USA, China, and Japan. However, regular monitoring of PRs is recommended to maintain a sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muruganantham Keerthana
- Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Department of Fisheries (AD Office), Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Liu X, Zhou DD, Chen M, Cao YW, Zhuang LY, Lu ZH, Yang ZH. Adsorption behavior of azole fungicides on polystyrene and polyethylene microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136280. [PMID: 36084829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural plastic films and triazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production process. Exposure to natural environment, agricultural plastic films will degrade into micron plastic particles, which will adsorb pesticide molecules and may affect their toxicity, biological activity and persistence. The long-term coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and triazole fungicides will bring potential harms to the agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, two kinds of triazole fungicides flusilazole (FLU) and epoxiconazole (EPO) were selected as cases and the adsorption behaviors of them on polystyrene and polyethylene were investigated. A series of factors which could affect the adsorption behavior were evaluated. Specifically, the particle size of MPs could affect its adsorption capacity, and the smaller the particle size, the stronger the adsorption capacity. Moreover, with the increase of pH value from 6.0 to 9.0, the adsorption capacity of MPs to target compounds gradually increased. The effect of ionic strength was evaluated by NaCl, and 0.05% of NaCl was beneficial to the adsorption process, while the continuous increase of NaCl concentration inhibited the adsorption. Oxalic acid and humic acid decreased the adsorption capacity of flusilazole on PE by 15.99-32.00% and PS by 35.02-48.67%, respectively. In addition, compared with the single pesticide system, the adsorption capacity of MPs for flusilazole and epoxiconazole in the binary pesticides system decreased by 36.13-37.93% and 44.36-51.35%, respectively, indicating that competitive adsorption occurred between the two pesticides. Meanwhile, the adsorption process was evaluated by adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms and were consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Finally, several characterization analyses were conducted to investigated the adsorption mechanism, and hydrogen, halogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction proved to play an important role. The study on the adsorption behavior and mechanism of pesticide on MPs was the basis of assessing the risk of joint exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi-Wen Cao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lv-Yun Zhuang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Pérez-Indoval R, Rodrigo-Ilarri J, Cassiraga E, Rodrigo-Clavero ME. PWC-based evaluation of groundwater pesticide pollution in the Júcar River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157386. [PMID: 35850324 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Predicting pesticides' behavior in the environment is necessary to anticipate and minimize their adverse effects. Despite the use of pesticides in Spain is increasing, the implementation and use of predictive mathematical models is seldomly done in practice due to the lack of available data. In this original work, the Pesticide Root Zone Model version 5 (PRZM 5) mathematical model under the Pesticide in Water Concentration 1.52 (PWC) interface has been applied to model pesticide behavior in nine groundwater bodies located inside the Júcar River Basin (JRB) in Spain. Mathematical modeling allowed calculating the maximum concentration of pesticides after completing the calibration process. Bromacil, terbuthylazine, atrazine, desethyl-terbuthylazine, and terbumeton concentrations in groundwater were simulated between 2006 and 2019. Results show that the maximum pesticide concentration value on every well exceeds the current Spanish Maximum Concentration Limit (0.1 μg/L). PRZM 5 was able to reproduce pesticide concentration observations over time despite the limited amount of available data. This study contributes to assessing environmental risks caused by the use of pesticides inside the JRB and can potentially be applied in other areas of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pérez-Indoval
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Cassiraga
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
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45
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Kharbouche L, Martínez Galera M, Díaz Galiano F, Gil García M. Pre-concentration of 218 multiclass pesticide in groundwater samples using MSU-1 mesoporous sorbent. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Dolatabadi M, Naidu H, Ahmadzadeh S. Adsorption characteristics in the removal of chlorpyrifos from groundwater using magnetic graphene oxide and carboxy methyl cellulose composite. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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47
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García MG, Sánchez JIL, Bravo KAS, Cabal MDC, Pérez-Santín E. Review: Presence, distribution and current pesticides used in Spanish agricultural practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157291. [PMID: 35835192 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To guarantee an adequate food supply for the world's growing population, intensive agriculture is necessary to ensure efficient food production. The use of pesticides helps maintain maximum productivity in intensive agriculture by minimizing crop losses due to pests. However, pesticide contamination of surface waters constitutes a major problem as they are resistant to degradation and soluble enough to be transported in water. In recent years, all groups of pesticides defined by the World Health Organization have increased their use and, therefore, their prevalence in the different environmental compartments that can have harmful effects. Despite this effort, there is no rigorous monitoring program that quantifies and controls the toxic effects of each pesticide. However, multiple scientific studies have been published by specialized research groups in which this information is disseminated. Therefore, any attempt to systematize this information is relevant. This review offers a current overview of the presence and distribution of the most widely-used pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) by crop type and an evaluation of the relationships between their uses and environmental implications in Spain. The data demonstrated that there are correlations between the presence of specific pesticides used in the main crops and their presence in the environmental compartments. We have found preliminary data pointing to existing associations between specific pesticides used in the main crops and their presence in environmental compartments within different geographical areas of Spain; this should be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano González García
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - José Ignacio López Sánchez
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Kharla Andreina Segovia Bravo
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - María Dolores Cima Cabal
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Efrén Pérez-Santín
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz, 137, 26004 Logroño, Spain.
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48
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Li L, Dong Y, Chen Y, Jiao J, Zou X. A New Method for Environmental Risk Assessment of Pollutants Based on Multi-Dimensional Risk Factors. TOXICS 2022; 10:659. [PMID: 36355950 PMCID: PMC9697580 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant discharge causing the deterioration of the watershed environment has seriously threatened human health and ecosystem function. The importance of improving the risk warning system is becoming more and more prominent. Traditional chemical risk assessment methods focused on toxicity and the exposure of pollutants without considering the impact of persistent pollutants in different environmental media. In this study, a new approach was proposed to reflect multi-dimensional evaluation with a synthetic risk factor (SRF) of pollutants. The integrating parameters of SRF include toxicity endpoint values, environmental exposure level, persistent properties, and compartment features. Selected pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, organophosphate esters and endocrine disruptors were analyzed by the proposed and traditional methods. The results showed a higher risk outcome using SRF analysis for PFOS, imazalil, testosterone, androstenedione and bisphenol A, which were different from those obtained by the traditional method, which were consistent with existing risk management. The study demonstrated that the SRF method improved the risk assessment of various pollutants in different environmental media in a more robust fashion, and also provided a more accurate decision basis for ecological environment protection.
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49
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Singh S, Verma T, Nandi D, Umapathy S. Herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Glyphosate Induce Distinct Biochemical Changes in E. coli during Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance: A Raman Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8140-8154. [PMID: 36205931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major global health concern. The increased use of herbicides may lead to multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Conventional techniques for diagnosing antibiotic resistance are laborious, time-intensive, expensive, and lack information about antibiotic susceptibility. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, label-free, noninvasive alternative to traditional techniques to detect antibiotic resistance. In this study, two popular herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) were used to study their effects on the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The Escherichia coli wild-type (WT) MG1655 strain and two isogenic mutants, Δlon and ΔacrB, were used together with Raman spectroscopy. The WT E. coli is sensitive to antibiotics, but exposure to both herbicides induces antibiotic resistance. Using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm, the intensity ratios (e.g., I740/I785, I740/I1003, I1480/I1445, I2934/I2868, and I2934/I2845) were identified as biomarkers to study the induction of antibiotic resistance in bacteria but not NaCl-mediated stress. Using an excitation wavelength of 633 nm, the peak intensity at 740 cm-1 assigned to cytochrome bd decreases under antibiotic stress but increases upon exposure to both herbicides and antibiotics, indicating the development of resistance. Thus, this study can be applied to monitor antibiotic resistance using Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Taru Verma
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India.,Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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50
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Hazaraimi MH, Goh PS, Lau WJ, Ismail AF, Wu Z, Subramaniam MN, Lim JW, Kanakaraju D. The state-of-the-art development of photocatalysts for the degradation of persistent herbicides in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156975. [PMID: 35764157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are one of the most recurring pollutants in the aquatic system due to their widespread usage in the agriculture sector for weed control. Semiconductor-based photocatalysts have gained recognition due to their ability to degrade and mineralize pollutants into harmless by-products completely. Lately, many studies have been done to design photocatalysts with efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers and enhanced light absorption. Photocatalyst engineering through doping with metal and non-metal elements and the formation of heterojunction are proven effective for minimizing the recombination of electron-hole pairs and enlarging the absorption in the visible light region. This review focuses on discussing and evaluating the recent progress in the types of photocatalysts and their performance in the remediation of herbicides in wastewater. The development of innovative hybrid technologies is also highlighted. The limitations and challenges of photocatalysis technology in the present literature have been identified, and future studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hazaraimi
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - P S Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - W J Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Z Wu
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - M N Subramaniam
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - J W Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia
| | - D Kanakaraju
- Faculty of Resource and Science Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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