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Park S, Siwakoti RC, Ferguson KK, Cathey AL, Hao W, Cantonwine DE, Mukherjee B, McElrath TF, Meeker JD. Associations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and their mixture with thyroid hormone concentration during pregnancy in the LIFECODES cohort: A repeated measures study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119205. [PMID: 38782334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are endocrine disruptors resulting from incomplete combustion. Pregnancy represents a particularly vulnerable period to such exposures, given the significant influence of hormone physiology on fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. Maternal thyroid hormones play crucial roles in fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. However, limited studies have examined gestational PAH exposure and maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy. METHODS Our study included 439 women enrolled in the LIFECODES birth cohort in Boston, aiming to explore the relationship between urinary PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones throughout pregnancy. Urine samples for PAH metabolite analysis and plasma samples for thyroid hormone were measured up to four visits throughout gestation. Single pollutant analyses employed linear mixed effect models to investigate individual associations between each PAH metabolite and thyroid hormone concentration. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess potential susceptibility windows and fetal-sex-specific effects of PAH exposure. Mixture analyses utilized quantile g-computation to evaluate the collective impact of eight PAH metabolites on thyroid hormone concentrations. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was employed to explore potential non-linear associations and interactions between PAH metabolites. Subject-specific random intercepts were incorporated to address intra-individual correlation of serial measurements over time in both single pollutant and mixture analyses. RESULTS Our findings revealed positive trends in associations between PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones, both individually and collectively as a mixture. Sensitivity analyses indicated that these associations were influenced by the study visit and fetal sex. Mixture analyses suggested non-linear relationships and interactions between different PAH exposures. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive investigation underscores the critical importance of understanding the impact of PAH exposures on thyroid hormone physiology during pregnancy. The findings highlight the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and human pregnancy physiology, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and public health policies to mitigate adverse outcomes associated with prenatal PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ram C Siwakoti
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Cao S, Wan Y, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in Chinese pregnant women: Concentrations, variability, predictors, and association with oxidative stress biomarkers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175121. [PMID: 39084365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of pervasive contaminants having adverse health effects. Urinary monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) are commonly employed as biomarkers to estimate PAH exposure levels in humans. However, little is understood about the variability in OH-PAHs among pregnant women across trimesters and their relationship with oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs). Based on a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China, we selected 644 women who donated (spot) urine samples across different trimesters and measured the urinary concentrations of eight OH-PAHs and three selected OSBs (8-OHG, 8-OHdG, and HNEMA) to explore the relationship between the OH-PAHs and OSBs. Pregnant women were found to be ubiquitously exposed to the PAHs, with detection rates of the OH-PAHs ranging from 86.3% to 100%. 2-Hydroxynaphthalene (2-OH-Nap) had the highest urinary concentrations among the OH-PAHs during the three trimesters (specific gravity-adjusted median values for the first, second, and third trimesters: 1.86, 2.39, and 2.20 ng/mL, respectively). However, low reproducibility of the OH-PAHs was observed across the three trimesters with intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.02 and 0.22. Most urinary OH-PAHs had the highest concentrations at the first trimester and the lowest at the third trimester. Some OH-PAH concentrations were higher in pregnant women with lower educational level [2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-Phen) and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (3-OH-Phen)], those who were overweight [2-OH-Nap, 2/3-hydroxyfluorene (2/3-OH-Fluo), 2-OH-Phen, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OH-Phen)], those who were unemployed during pregnancy [1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 4-OH-Phen], and the samples donated in summer (most OH-PAHs, except for 2-OH-Nap). In multivariable linear mixed-effects model analyses, every OH-PAH was found to be significantly associated with increased levels of the three OSBs. For example, each interquartile range-fold increase in 2/3-OH-Fluo concentration was associated with the largest increase in 8-OHdG (65.4%) and 8-OHG (49.1%), while each interquartile range-fold increase in 3-OH-Phen concentration was associated with the largest increase in HNEMA (76.3%). Weighted quantile sum regression models, which were used to examine the joint effect of OH-PAH mixture on the OSBs, revealed positive associations between the OH-PAH mixture exposure and the OSBs. Specifically, 2/3-OH-Fluo and 2-OH-Nap were the major contributors in the association with oxidative damage of nucleic acids (8-OHdG and 8-OHG), while hydroxyphenanthrenes and 1-hydroxypyrene were the major contributors in the association with oxidative damage of lipid (HNEMA). Further work is required to examine the potential mediating role of oxidative stress in the relationship of adverse health outcomes with elevated PAH exposure among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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3
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Masterson EE, Riederer AM, Loftus CT, Wallace ER, Szpiro AA, Simpson CD, Muralidharan R, Trasande L, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Kannan K, Robinson M, Swan S, Mason WA, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in three pregnancy cohorts from 7 U.S. study sites. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305004. [PMID: 38959439 PMCID: PMC11221841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse birth and developmental outcomes in children. We aimed to describe prenatal PAH exposures in a large, multisite U.S. consortium. METHODS We measured 12 mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) of 7 PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene) in mid-pregnancy urine of 1,892 pregnant individuals from the ECHO PATHWAYS consortium cohorts: CANDLE (n = 988; Memphis), TIDES (n = 664; Minneapolis, Rochester, San Francisco, Seattle) and GAPPS (n = 240; Seattle and Yakima, WA). We described concentrations of 8 OH-PAHs of non-smoking participants (n = 1,695) by site, socioeconomic characteristics, and pregnancy stage (we report intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for n = 677 TIDES participants). RESULTS Exposure to the selected PAHs was ubiquitous at all sites. 2-hydroxynaphthalene had the highest average concentrations at all sites. CANDLE had the highest average concentrations of most metabolites. Among non-smoking participants, we observed some patterns by income, education, and race but these were not consistent and varied by site and metabolite. ICCs of repeated OH-PAH measures from TIDES participants were ≤ 0.51. CONCLUSION In this geographically-diverse descriptive analysis of U.S. pregnancies, we observed ubiquitous exposure to low molecular weight PAHs, highlighting the importance of better understanding PAH sources and their pediatric health outcomes attributed to early life PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Masterson
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Riederer
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christine T. Loftus
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erin R. Wallace
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Simpson
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Revathi Muralidharan
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ruby H. N. Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - W. Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Fang Y, Yin W, He C, Shen Q, Xu Y, Liu C, Zhou Y, Liu G, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zhao K. Adverse impact of phthalate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures on birth outcomes: A metabolome Exposome-Wide association study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124460. [PMID: 38945193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been well-investigating that individual phthalates (PAEs) or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affect public health. However, there is still a gap that the mixture of PAEs and PAHs impacts birth outcomes. Through innovative methods for mixtures in epidemiology, we used a metabolome Exposome-Wide Association Study (mExWAS) to evaluate and explain the association between exposure to PAEs and PAHs mixtures and birth outcomes. Exposure to a higher level of PAEs and PAHs mixture was associated with lower birth weight (maximum cumulative effect: 143.5 g) rather than gestational age. Mono(2-ethlyhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (posterior inclusion probability, PIP = 0.51), 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPHE) (PIP = 0.53), and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPYR) (PIP = 0.28) were identified as the most important compounds in the mixture. In mExWAS, we successfully annotated four overlapping metabolites associated with both MEHP/9-OHPHE/1-OHPYR and birth weight, including arginine, stearamide, Arg-Gln, and valine. Moreover, several lipid-related metabolism pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation, alpha-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid metabolism, were disturbed. In summary, these findings may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms by which PAE and PAHs affect fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiuzi Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563060, China
| | - Guotao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Cathey AL, Eaton JL, Watkins DJ, Rosario Pabón ZY, Vélez Vega CM, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Associations between urinary hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarker concentrations and measures of timing of delivery and infant size at birth. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108848. [PMID: 38936064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and presents significant public health concerns. Environmental chemical exposures during pregnancy may be partially to blame for disrupted delivery timing. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are products of incomplete combustion, exposure to which occurs via inhalation of cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust, and ingestion of charred meats. Exposure to PAHs in the US population is widespread, and pregnant women represent a susceptible population to adverse effects of PAHs. We aimed to investigate associations between gestational exposure to PAHs and birth outcomes, including timing of delivery and infant birth size. We utilized data from the PROTECT birth cohort where pregnant women provided spot urine samples at up to three study visits (median 16, 20, and 24 weeks gestation). Urine samples were assayed for eight hydroxylated PAH concentrations. Associations between PAHs and birth outcomes were calculated using linear/logistic regression models, with adjustment for maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, and daily exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Models accounted for urine dilution using specific gravity. We also explored effect modification by infant sex. Interquartile range (IQR) increases in all averaged PAH exposures during the second trimester were associated with reduced gestational age at delivery and increased odds of overall PTB, although these associations were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Most PAHs at the second study visit were most strongly associated with earlier delivery and increased odds of overall and spontaneous PTB, with visit 2 2-hydroxynapthalene (2-NAP) being significantly associated with increased odds of overall PTB (OR:1.55; 95 %CI: 1.05,2.29). Some PAHs resulted in earlier timing of delivery among only female fetuses, specifically 2-NAP on overall PTB (female OR:1.52 95 %CI: 1.02,2.27; male OR:0.78, 95 %CI: 0.53,1.15). Future work should more deeply investigate differential physiological impacts of PAH exposure between pregnancies with male and female fetuses, and on varying developmental processes occurring at different points through pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jarrod L Eaton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zaira Y Rosario Pabón
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmen M Vélez Vega
- Department of Social Sciences, Doctoral Program in Social Determinants of Health, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Akram N Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Lin Y, Craig E, Liu X, Ge Y, Brunner J, Wang X, Yang Z, Hopke PK, Miller RK, Barrett ES, Thurston SW, Murphy SK, O'Connor TG, Rich DQ, Zhang JJ. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in pregnant women in a Northeastern U.S. city: socioeconomic disparity and contributions from air pollution sources. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:407-415. [PMID: 37161057 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous constituents of air pollution, has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. Yet it remains unclear whether and how socioeconomic status (SES) affects gestational PAH exposure. OBJECTIVE To examine whether there are socioeconomic disparities in PAHs exposure among pregnant women from Rochester, NY, and if so, to what extent disproportionate proximity to air pollution sources, measured by residential distance to transportation-related sources, contributed to the exposure disparity. METHODS We measured 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations in 726 urine samples collected from 305 pregnant women up to three samples throughout pregnancy. Residential distances to transportation-related sources were calculated based on participants' home addresses. We used linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts of participants to examine associations between 1-hydroxypyrene, SES indicators, and distance to transportation-related sources. We used structural equation modelling to assess to what extent distance to transportation-related sources contributes to the socioeconomic disparity in 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations. RESULTS Reduced household income and maternal education level were both significant SES predictors of 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations, after the adjustment for other maternal demographic characteristics. Each interquartile range (IQR) increases in residential proximity to the airport (from 14.3 to 6.0 km), the railroad yard (from 22.3 to 6.0 km), and annual average daily traffic within 300 m (from 3796 to 99,933 vehicles/year) were associated with 15.0% (95%CI: 7.0-22.2%), 15.4% (95%CI: 6.5-23.5%), and 13.6% (95%CI: 4.7-23.3%) increases in 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations, respectively. Proximity to these sources jointly explained 10% (95%CI: 1.6-18.4%) of the 1-hydroxypyrene concentration change associated with decreases in SES as a latent variable defined by both household income and education level. IMPACT STATEMENT Our findings suggest that efforts to address disproportionate residential proximity to transportation-related sources may reduce the socioeconomic disparity in PAH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Craig
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihui Ge
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Brunner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiangtian Wang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhenchun Yang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment & Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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7
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Sherris AR, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Dearborn LC, Hazlehurst MF, Carroll KN, Moore PE, Adgent MA, Barrett ES, Bush NR, Day DB, Kannan K, LeWinn KZ, Nguyen RHN, Ni Y, Riederer AM, Robinson M, Sathyanarayana S, Zhao Q, Karr CJ. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and asthma at age 8-9 years in a multi-site longitudinal study. Environ Health 2024; 23:26. [PMID: 38454435 PMCID: PMC10921622 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Studies suggest prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may influence wheezing or asthma in preschool-aged children. However, the impact of prenatal PAH exposure on asthma and wheeze in middle childhood remain unclear. We investigated these associations in socio-demographically diverse participants from the ECHO PATHWAYS multi-cohort consortium. METHODS We included 1,081 birth parent-child dyads across five U.S. cities. Maternal urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolite concentrations (OH-PAH) were measured during mid-pregnancy. Asthma at age 8-9 years and wheezing trajectory across childhood were characterized by caregiver reported asthma diagnosis and asthma/wheeze symptoms. We used logistic and multinomial regression to estimate odds ratios of asthma and childhood wheezing trajectories associated with five individual OH-PAHs, adjusting for urine specific gravity, various maternal and child characteristics, study site, prenatal and postnatal smoke exposure, and birth year and season in single metabolite and mutually adjusted models. We used multiplicative interaction terms to evaluate effect modification by child sex and explored OH-PAH mixture effects through Weighted Quantile Sum regression. RESULTS The prevalence of asthma in the study population was 10%. We found limited evidence of adverse associations between pregnancy OH-PAH concentrations and asthma or wheezing trajectories. We observed adverse associations between 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene and asthma and persistent wheeze among girls, and evidence of inverse associations with asthma for 1-hydroxynathpthalene, which was stronger among boys, though tests for effect modification by child sex were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In a large, multi-site cohort, we did not find strong evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to PAHs and child asthma at age 8-9 years, though some adverse associations were observed among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Sherris
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington4225, Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, US.
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington4225, Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, US
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Logan C Dearborn
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington4225, Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, US
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington4225, Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, US
| | | | - Paul E Moore
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, US
| | | | - Emily S Barrett
- Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, US
| | | | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, US
| | | | | | | | - Yu Ni
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Anne M Riederer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington4225, Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, US
| | | | | | - Qi Zhao
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, US
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington4225, Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 300, Seattle, WA, 98105, US
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8
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Liao D, Xiong S, An S, Tao L, Dai L, Tian Y, Chen W, He C, Xu P, Wu N, Liu X, Zhang H, Hu Z, Deng M, Liu Y, Li Q, Shang X, Shen X, Zhou Y. Association of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites with gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension among pregnant women in Southwest China: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123206. [PMID: 38145636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension during pregnancy has not yet been established. To investigate the association between PAH exposure and GDM and gestational hypertension, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 4206 pregnant women from the Zunyi birth cohort in southwestern China. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect the urinary levels of 10 monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs). GDM and gestational hypertension were diagnosed and the relevant information was documented by specialist obstetricians and gynecologists. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to investigate their single and nonlinear associations. Stratified analyses of pregnancy and body mass index data were conducted to determine their moderating effects on the abovementioned associations. Compared with the first quartile of urinary ∑OH-PAHs, the third or fourth quartile in all study participants was associated with an increased risk of GDM (quartile 3: odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.77) and gestational hypertension (quartile 3: OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26-2.81; quartile 4: OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04-2.39), respectively. Nonlinear associations of 1-OH-PYR with GDM (cutoff level: 0.02 μg/g creatinine [Cr]) and 1-OH-PHE with gestational hypertension (cutoff level: 0.06 μg/g Cr) were also observed. In pregnant women with overweight or obesity, 1-OH-PHE and 3-OH-PHE were more strongly associated with gestational hypertension. Our results indicate that exposure to PAH during pregnancy may significantly increase the maternal risks of GDM and gestational hypertension; however, this finding still needs to be confirmed through larger-scale prospective studies and biological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengqing Liao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lin Tao
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yingkuan Tian
- Medical Department, Xingyi People's Hospital, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Caidie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Pei Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Nian Wu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Zhongmei Hu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China; Reproductive Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Mingyu Deng
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal & Child Health and Exposure Science of Guizhou Higher Education Institutes, China.
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9
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Cesila CA, Souza MCO, Cruz JC, Bocato MZ, Campíglia AD, Barbosa F. Biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Brazilian pregnant women: Urinary levels and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116571. [PMID: 37467941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, humans have been continuously exposed to several compounds directly generated by industrial processes and/or present in consumed products. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are legacy pollutants ubiquitous in the environment and represent the main chemical pollutants in urban areas. Worldwide, studies that aim to understand the impacts of exposure to these chemicals have gained increasing prominence due to their potential toxicity profile, mainly concerning genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Human biomonitoring (HB) is an analytical approach to monitoring population exposure to chemicals; however, these studies are still limited in Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the exposure of Brazilian pregnant women to PAHs through HB studies. Besides, the risk characterization of this exposure was performed. For this purpose, urine samples from 358 Brazilian pregnant women were used to evaluate 11 hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs employing gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The 1OH-naphthol and 2OH-naphthol were detected in 100% of the samples and showed high levels, corresponding to 16.99 and 3.62 μg/g of creatinine, respectively. 2OH-fluorene (8.12 μg/g of creatinine) and 9OH-fluorene (1.26 μg/g of creatinine) were detected in 91% and 66% of the samples, respectively. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) metabolites were detected in more than 50% of the samples (0.58-1.26 μg/g of creatinine). A hazard index of 1.4 and a carcinogenic risk above 10-4 were found for BaP metabolites in the risk characterization. Therefore, our findings may indicate that exposure to PAHs poses a potential risk to pregnant women's health and a high probability of carcinogenic risk due to their exposure to BaP. Finally, this work shows the need for more in-depth studies to determine the sources of exposure and the implementation of health protection measures regarding the exposure of the Brazilian population to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Aparecida Cesila
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences. ASTox Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory. Av. do Café s/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences. ASTox Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory. Av. do Café s/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jonas Carneiro Cruz
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences. ASTox Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory. Av. do Café s/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zuccherato Bocato
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences. ASTox Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory. Av. do Café s/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Barbosa
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences. ASTox Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory. Av. do Café s/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Sun B, Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Szpiro A, Day D, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Kannan K, Robinson M, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, Mason A, Swan SH, Trasande L, Karr CJ, LeWinn KZ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognition in early childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108009. [PMID: 37331181 PMCID: PMC10519343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence for gestational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and adverse child cognitive outcomes is mixed; little is known about critical windows of exposure. OBJECTIVE We investigated associations between prenatal PAH exposure and child cognition in a large, multi-site study. METHODS We included mother-child dyads from two pooled prospective pregnancy cohorts (CANDLE and TIDES, N = 1,223) in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy in both cohorts as well as early and late pregnancy in TIDES. Child intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed between ages 4-6. Associations between individual PAH metabolites and IQ were estimated with multivariable linear regression. Interaction terms were used to examine effect modification by child sex and maternal obesity. We explored associations of PAH metabolite mixtures with IQ using weighted quantile sum regression. In TIDES, we averaged PAH metabolites over three periods of pregnancy and by pregnancy period to investigate associations between PAH metabolites and IQ. RESULTS In the combined sample, PAH metabolites were not associated with IQ after full adjustment, nor did we observe associations with PAH mixtures. Tests of effect modification were null except for the association between 2-hydroxynaphthalene and IQ, which was negative in males (βmales = -0.67 [95%CI:-1.47,0.13]) and positive in females (βfemales = 0.31 [95%CI:-0.52,1.13])(pinteraction = 0.04). In analyses across pregnancy (TIDES-only), inverse associations with IQ were observed for 2-hydroxyphenanthrene averaged across pregnancy (β = -1.28 [95%CI:-2.53,-0.03]) and in early pregnancy (β = -1.14 [95%CI:-2.00,-0.28]). SIGNIFICANCE In this multi-cohort analysis, we observed limited evidence of adverse associations of early pregnancy PAHs with child IQ. Analyses in the pooled cohorts were null. However, results also indicated that utilizing more than one exposure measures across pregnancy could improve the ability to detect associations by identifying sensitive windows and improving the reliability of exposure measurement. More research with multiple timepoints of PAH assessment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Sun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Sherris AR, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Dearborn L, Hazlehurst MF, Carroll KN, Moore PE, Adgent MA, Barrett ES, Bush NR, Day DB, Kannan K, LeWinn KZ, Nguyen RHN, Ni Y, Riederer AM, Robinson M, Sathyanarayana S, Zhao Q, Karr CJ. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and asthma at age 8-9 years in a multi-site longitudinal study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3129552. [PMID: 37503063 PMCID: PMC10371133 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3129552/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and aim Studies suggest prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may influence wheezing or asthma in preschool-aged children. However, the impact of prenatal PAH exposure on asthma and wheeze in middle childhood remain unclear. We investigated these associations in diverse participants from the ECHO PATHWAYS multi-cohort consortium. Methods We included 1,081 birth parent-child dyads across five U.S. cities. Maternal urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolite concentrations (OH-PAH) were measured during mid-pregnancy. Asthma at age 8-9 years and wheezing trajectory across childhood were characterized by caregiver reported asthma diagnosis and asthma/wheeze symptoms. We used logistic and multinomial regression to estimate odds ratios of asthma and childhood wheezing trajectories associated with five individual OH-PAHs, adjusting for urine specific gravity, various maternal and child characteristics, study site, prenatal and postnatal smoke exposure, and birth year and season in single metabolite and mutually adjusted models. We used multiplicative interaction terms to evaluate effect modification by child sex and explored OH-PAH mixture effects through Weighted Quantile Sum regression. Results The prevalence of asthma in the study population was 10%. We found limited evidence of adverse associations between pregnancy OH-PAH concentrations and asthma or wheezing trajectories. We observed adverse associations between 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene and asthma and persistent wheeze among girls, and evidence of inverse associations with asthma for 1-hydroxynathpthalene, which was stronger among boys, though tests for effect modification by child sex were not statistically. Conclusions In a large, multi-site cohort, we did not find strong evidence of an association between prenatal exposure to PAHs and child asthma at age 8-9 years, though some adverse associations were observed among girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qi Zhao
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
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12
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El-Sikaily A, Helal M, Nsonwu-Anyanwu AC, Azab H, Abd ElMoneim N, Farahat EOS, Saad A. Impacts of PAH accumulation on reproductive hormones, indices of oxidative stress and BPDE-albumin adduct in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:517-531. [PMID: 37398572 PMCID: PMC10313630 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disruption of hormonal and redox balance by toxic PAH metabolites may interfere with successful pregnancy leading to miscarriage. The association of exposure to PAH contaminated mussel via the dietary route with perturbations in reproductive hormones, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and PAH metabolites were assessed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Furthermore, an analysis of the concentration of PAHs in environmentally relevant bivalve animals was performed to preliminary get insights into the levels of these pollutants in the environment. Seventy-six women (20-35 years) were categorized into 18 fertile women without RPL (control), and Groups I, II, and III comprising 24, 18, and 16 women with RPL (2, 3, and > 3 abortions respectively) were studied. Whole blood samples were collected for the estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), benzo[a]pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-albumin adduct (BPDE-albumin) and urine for α-naphthol and β-naphthol. Two species of mussel Donax trunculus and Andar aduloii samples were collected for the estimation of 16 priority PAHs. The concentration of PAHs exceeding the maximum limits was observed in the two species of mussels studied. Higher levels of BPDE-albumin, MDA, GST, α and β-naphthol and lower GSH, catalase, FSH, and P4 were observed in women with RPL (Groups I-III) compared to controls (p = < 0.001). Negative associations were observed between BPDE-albumin and catalase (r = - 0.276, p = 0.036), and GSH (r = - 0.331, p = - 0.011) only in women with RPL. Collectively, our findings indicate a possible association of chronic PAH accumulation with recurrent pregnancy loss in women. Graphical abstract High PAH exposure in pregnant women is associated with 10-epoxide-albumin adduct formation and high MDA levels in their sera. On the other hand, PAH exposure in those women led to a decrease in their GSH, catalase, P4, and FSH sera levels. These findings indicate that PAH exposure can exert different physiological effects in pregnant women leading to a high level of abortion in those women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany El-Sikaily
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam Azab
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Neveen Abd ElMoneim
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Aziza Saad
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Paquette AG, Lapehn S, Freije S, MacDonald J, Bammler T, Day DB, Loftus CT, Kannan K, Alex Mason W, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Enquobahrie DA, Marsit C, Sathyanarayana S. Placental transcriptomic signatures of prenatal exposure to Hydroxy-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107763. [PMID: 36689866 PMCID: PMC10211546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants originating from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. PAH compounds can cross the placenta, and prenatal PAH exposure is linked to adverse infant and childhood health outcomes. OBJECTIVE In this first human transcriptomic assessment of PAHs in the placenta, we examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and placental gene expression to gain insight into mechanisms by which PAHs may disrupt placental function. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium quantified prenatal PAH exposure and the placental transcriptome from 629 pregnant participants enrolled in the CANDLE study. Concentrations of 12 monohydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Placental transcriptomic data were obtained using paired-end RNA sequencing. Linear models were fitted to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between maternal urinary OH-PAHs and placental gene expression. We performed sex-stratified analyses to evaluate whether associations varied by fetal sex. Selected PAH/gene expression analyses were validated by treating HTR-8/SVneo cells with phenanthrene, and quantifying expression via qPCR. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of 6 OH-PAHs were associated with placental expression of 8 genes. Three biological pathways were associated with 4 OH-PAHs. Placental expression of SGF29 and TRIP13 as well as the vitamin digestion and absorption pathway were positively associated with multiple metabolites. HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with phenanthrene also exhibited 23 % increased TRIP13 expression compared to vehicle controls (p = 0.04). Fetal sex may modify the relationship between prenatal OH-PAHs and placental gene expression, as more associations were identified in females than males (45 vs 28 associations). DISCUSSION Our study highlights novel genes whose placental expression may be disrupted by OH-PAHs. Increased expression of DNA damage repair gene TRIP13 may represent a response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Increased expression of genes involved in vitamin digestion and metabolism may reflect dietary exposures or represent a compensatory mechanism to combat damage related to OH-PAH toxicity. Further work is needed to study the role of these genes in placental function and their links to perinatal outcomes and lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Paquette
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - W Alex Mason
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Tian Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Liu Y, Xiong S, Wang X, Zhang H, Li Q, Liao J, Fang D, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Zhang L, He C, An S, Chen W, Zhou Y, Shen X. Characteristics of exposure to 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites among pregnant women: cohort of pregnant women in Zunyi, southwest China. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:34-41. [PMID: 36424171 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites exposure levels of pregnant women in the underdeveloped region of Zunyi, southwest China. METHODS Sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaires, and urine samples were collected at the same time. A total of 3047 pregnant women participated in the study. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect the urine concentrations of 10 PAH metabolites. A generalised linear model (GLM) was used to identify predictive factors of PAH metabolites. RESULTS All PAH metabolites had a detection rate greater than 60% (67.21%-90.57%) except for 4-OH-PHE at 55.54%. The median concentrations were 0.02-0.11 µg/g Cre except for 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 2-OH-FLU and 9-OH-FLU (0.36-0.50 µg/g Cre). The cluster analysis identified the phenanthrene and fluorene metabolite clusters (containing no other metabolites), while naphthalene metabolites (1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP) could not be clustered without other metabolites. GLM analysis identified that pregnant women with the following characteristics have high urinary concentration of PAH metabolites: overweight, in the last trimester of pregnancy, distance between their house and main traffic lines as <5 m, use fuel for cooking, passive smoking, renovated their residence for less than 3 years, middle family income and office workers. CONCLUSION The results clarified pregnant women from the economically underdeveloped area could be the victims of PAHs. In addition, PAHs present a demographic and seasonal differential distribution, which will aid in the development of targeted interventions and reduce exposure to PAHs during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Renjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Derong Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Linglu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Xishui County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Xishui County People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Meitan County People's Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Caidie He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Songlin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Wallace ER, Buth E, Szpiro AA, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Masterson E, Day DB, Sun BZ, Sullivan A, Barrett E, Nguyen RH, Robinson M, Kannan K, Mason A, Sathyanarayana S, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Karr CJ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not associated with behavior problems in preschool and early school-aged children: A prospective multi-cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114759. [PMID: 36370819 PMCID: PMC9817935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological study findings are inconsistent regarding associations between prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposures and childhood behavior. This study examined associations of prenatal PAH exposure with behavior at age 4-6 years in a large, diverse, multi-region prospective cohort. Secondary aims included examination of PAH mixtures and effect modification by child sex, breastfeeding, and child neighborhood opportunity. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium pooled 1118 mother-child dyads from three prospective pregnancy cohorts in six U.S. cities. Seven PAH metabolites were measured in prenatal urine. Child behavior was assessed at age 4-6 using the Total Problems score from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neighborhood opportunity was assessed using the socioeconomic and educational scales of the Child Opportunity Index. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate associations per 2-fold increase in each PAH metabolite, adjusted for demographic, prenatal, and maternal factors and using interaction terms for effect modifiers. Associations with PAH mixtures were estimated using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQSR). RESULTS The sample was racially and sociodemographically diverse (38% Black, 49% White, 7% Other; household-adjusted income range $2651-$221,102). In fully adjusted models, each 2-fold increase in 2-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with a lower Total Problems score, contrary to hypotheses (b = -0.80, 95% CI = -1.51, -0.08). Associations were notable in boys (b = -1.10, 95% CI = -2.11, -0.08) and among children breastfed 6+ months (b = -1.31, 95% CI = -2.25, -0.37), although there was no statistically significant evidence for interaction by child sex, breastfeeding, or neighborhood child opportunity. Associations were null for other PAH metabolites; there was no evidence of associations with PAH mixtures from WQSR. CONCLUSION In this large, well-characterized, prospective study of mother-child pairs, prenatal PAH exposure was not associated with child behavior problems. Future studies characterizing the magnitude of prenatal PAH exposure and studies in older childhood are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Erin Buth
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bob Z Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby Hn Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Jin R, Liu G, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Lin B, Liu Y, Qi Z, Zheng M. Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives in environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Luo C, Deng J, Chen L, Wang Q, Xu Y, Lyu P, Zhou L, Shi Y, Mao W, Yang X, Xiong G, Liu Z, Hao L. Phthalate acid esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations with their determining factors among Chinese pregnant women: A focus on dietary patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158344. [PMID: 36058337 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women are susceptible to adverse health effects associated with phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and diet is a significant exposure source. Little is known about the contributions of dietary patterns during pregnancy to the exposure variability of these environmental contaminants. OBJECTIVES To identify dietary patterns in relation to PAEs and PAHs exposure in the Chinese pregnant population. METHODS Dietary data and urinary concentrations of environmental pollutants were obtained from 1190 pregnant women in the Tongji Birth Cohort (TJBC). PAEs and PAHs were measured in spot urine samples. Food intake was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were constructed by principal component analysis (PCA). Through PCA, we also extracted three chemical mixture scores that represent different co-exposure patterns of PAEs and PAHs. Multiple linear regression models were adopted to identify predictors of PAEs and PAHs exposure. RESULTS Four dietary patterns were identified by PCA that explained 44.9 % of the total variance of food intake. We found egg-dairy products pattern, whole grain-tuber crop pattern, and meat-aquatic products pattern were positively associated with specific pollutants exposure. In contrast, fruit-nut-vegetable pattern was negatively correlated with PAEs and PAHs exposure. Every SD increase in this pattern score was associated with 14.36 % reduced mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (95 % CI: -24.50 ~ -2.96, p-trend = 0.01), 10.86 % reduced 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) (95 % CI: -20.07 ~ -0.60, p-trend = 0.04), 19.35 % reduced 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPhe) (95 % CI: -34.49 ~ -0.70, p-trend = 0.01), and 8.33 % reduced scores of PAHs group (95 % CI: -15.97 ~ -0.10, p-trend = 0.02). In addition, disposable tableware usage and passive smoking were suggested as potentially modifiable sources of PAEs and PAHs exposure, respectively. CONCLUSION Adhering to egg-dairy products pattern, whole grain-tuber crop pattern, and meat-aquatic products pattern may be related to increased PAEs and PAHs exposure, while following fruit-nut-vegetable pattern seems to correlate with a lower burden of such exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Leilei Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weifeng Mao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guoping Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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18
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Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Workman T, Wallace ER, Hazlehurst MF, Day DB, Ni Y, Carroll KN, Adgent MA, Moore PE, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Kannan K, Robinson M, Masterson EE, Tylavsky FA, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Sathyanarayana S, Karr CJ. Maternal exposure to urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in pregnancy and childhood asthma in a pooled multi-cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107494. [PMID: 36279735 PMCID: PMC9810359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may increase risk of pediatric asthma, but existing human studies are limited. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations between gestational PAHs and pediatric asthma in a diverse US sample and evaluated effect modification by child sex, maternal asthma, and prenatal vitamin D status. METHODS We pooled two prospective pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium, CANDLE and TIDES, for an analytic sample of N = 1296 mother-child dyads. Mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured in mid-pregnancy urine. Mothers completed the International Study on Allergies and Asthma in Childhood survey at child age 4-6 years. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate relative risk of current wheeze, current asthma, ever asthma, and strict asthma associated with each metabolite, adjusted for potential confounders. We used interaction models to assess effect modification. We explored associations between OH-PAH mixtures and outcomes using logistic weighted quantile sum regression augmented by a permutation test to control Type 1 errors. RESULTS The sociodemographically diverse sample spanned five cities. Mean (SD) child age at assessment was 4.4 (0.4) years. While there was little evidence that either individual OH-PAHs or mixtures were associated with outcomes, we observed effect modification by child sex for most pairs of OH-PAHs and outcomes, with adverse associations specific to females. For example, a 2-fold increase in 2-hydroxy-phenanthrene was associated with current asthma in females but not males (RRfemale = 1.29 [95 % CI: 1.09, 1.52], RRmale = 0.95 [95 % CI: 0.79, 1.13]; pinteraction = 0.004). There was no consistent evidence of modification by vitamin D status or maternal asthma. DISCUSSION This analysis, the largest cohort study of gestational PAH exposure and childhood asthma to date, suggests adverse associations for females only. These preliminary findings are consistent with hypothesized endocrine disruption properties of PAHs, which may lead to sexually dimorphic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marnie F Hazlehurst
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul E Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Erin E Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Gaylord A, Kannan K, Lakuleswaran M, Zhu H, Ghassabian A, Jacobson MH, Long S, Liu H, Afanasyeva Y, Kahn LG, Gu B, Liu M, Mehta-Lee SS, Brubaker SG, Trasande L. Variability and correlations of synthetic chemicals in urine from a New York City-based cohort of pregnant women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119774. [PMID: 35841991 PMCID: PMC9600950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals has been associated with adverse health outcomes in children and later into adulthood. While several studies have examined correlations and variability of non-persistent chemical exposures throughout pregnancy, many do not capture more recent exposures, particularly in New York City. Our goal was to characterize exposure to phthalates, bisphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organophosphate pesticides among pregnant women residing in New York City who enrolled in the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (NYU CHES) between 2016 and 2018. We measured urinary chemical metabolite concentrations in 671 women at early, mid, and late pregnancy (median 10.8, 20.8, and 29.3 weeks, respectively). We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients among chemical concentrations at each measurement time point. We compared changes in population-level urinary metabolites at each stage using paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify intra-individual variability of metabolites across pregnancy. Geometric means and ICCs were compared to nine other pregnancy cohorts that recruited women in 2011 or later as well as nationally reported levels from women of child-bearing age. Compared with existing cohorts, women in NYU CHES had higher geometric means of organophosphate pesticides (Σdiethylphosphates = 28.7 nmol/g cr, Σdimethylphosphates = 57.3 nmol/g cr, Σdialkyl phosphates = 95.9 nmol/g cr), bisphenol S (0.56 μg/g cr), and 2-naphthalene (8.98 μg/g cr). Five PAH metabolites and two phthalate metabolites increased between early to mid and early to late pregnancy at the population level. Spearman correlation coefficients for chemical metabolites were generally below 0.50. Intra-individual exposures varied over time, as indicated by low ICCs (0.22-0.88, median = 0.38). However, these ICCs were often higher than those observed in other pregnancy cohorts. These results provide a general overview of the chemical metabolites measured in NYU CHES in comparison to other contemporary pregnancy cohorts and highlight directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Gaylord
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathusa Lakuleswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie H Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Long
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpi S Mehta-Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara G Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Freije SL, Enquobahrie DA, Day DB, Loftus C, Szpiro AA, Karr CJ, Trasande L, Kahn LG, Barrett E, Kannan K, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Swan S, Alex Mason W, Robinson M, Sathyanarayana S. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gestational age at birth. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107246. [PMID: 35453081 PMCID: PMC9269995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous chemicals with mechanisms of toxicity that include endocrine disruption. We examined associations of prenatal urinary PAH with spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and gestational age (GA) at birth. We also assessed whether infant sex modifies the association of PAH exposure with spontaneous PTB and GA at birth. METHODS Participants included 1,677 non-smoking women from three cohorts (CANDLE, TIDES, and GAPPS) in the ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium. Twelve monohydroxylated-PAHs were measured in second trimester maternal urine. Seven metabolites with >60% overall detection were included in analyses: 1-hydroxynaphthalene [1-OH-NAP], 2-hydroxynaphthalene [2-OH-NAP], 2-hydroxyphenanthrene [2-OH-PHEN], 3-hydroxyphenanthrene [3-OH-PHEN], 1/9-hydroxyphenanthrene [1/9-OH-PHEN], 2/3/9-hydroxyfluorene [2/3/9-OH-FLUO], and 1-hydroxypyrene [1-OH-PYR]. Logistic and linear regression models were fit for spontaneous PTB and GA among births ≥34 weeks, respectively, with log10-transformed OH-PAH concentrations as the exposure, adjusted for specific gravity and suspected confounders. Effect modification by infant sex was assessed using interaction terms and marginal estimates. RESULTS Percent detection was highest for 2-OH-NAP (99.8%) and lowest for 1-OH-PYR (65.2%). Prevalence of spontaneous PTB was 5.5% (N = 92). Ten-fold higher 2-OH-NAP exposure was associated with 1.60-day (95% CI: -2.92, -0.28) earlier GA at birth. Remaining associations in the pooled population were null. Among females, we observed significant inverse associations between 1-OH-PYR and PTB (OR: 2.65 [95% CI: 1.39, 5.05]); and 2-OH-NAP with GA: -2.46 days [95% CI: -4.15, -0.77]). Among males, we observed an inverse association between 2/3/9-OH-FLUO and PTB (OR = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.17,0.98]). ORs for PTB were higher among females than males for 2-OH-PHEN (p = 0.02) and 1-OH-PYR (p = 0.02). DISCUSSION We observed inverse associations of 2-OH-NAP exposure with GA and null associations of remaining OH-PAHs with GA and PTB. Females may be more susceptible to spontaneous PTB or shorter GA following prenatal exposure to some OH-PAHs. This study is the first to assess sex-specific OH-PAH toxicity in relation to spontaneous PTB and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L Freije
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and New York University School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shanna Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Wallace ER, Ni Y, Loftus CT, Sullivan A, Masterson E, Szpiro AA, Day DB, Robinson M, Kannan K, Tylavsky FA, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and toddler cognition, language, and behavior. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107039. [PMID: 34902794 PMCID: PMC8748410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may negatively impact toddler neurodevelopment. METHODS We investigated this association in 835 mother-child pairs from CANDLE, a diverse pregnancy cohort in the mid-South region of the U.S. PAH metabolite concentrations were measured in mid-pregnancy maternal urine. Cognitive and Language composite scores at ages 2 and 3 years were derived from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-3). Behavior Problem and Competence scores at age 2 were derived from the Brief Infant and Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). We used multivariate linear or Poisson regression to estimate associations with continuous scores and relative risks (RR) of neurodevelopment delay or behavior problems per 2-fold increase in PAH, adjusted for maternal health, nutrition, and socioeconomic status. Secondary analyses investigated associations with PAH mixture using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS) with a permutation test extension. RESULTS 1- hydroxypyrene was associated with elevated relative risk for Neurodevelopmental Delay at age 2 (RR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03,1.39). Contrary to hypotheses, 1-hydroxynaphthalene was associated with lower risk for Behavior Problems at age 2 (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83,0.98), and combined 1- and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with 0.52-point higher (95% CI: 0.11,0.93) Cognitive score at age 3. For PAH mixtures, a quintile increase in hydroxy-PAH mixture was associated with lower Language score at age 2 (βwqs = -1.59; 95% CI: -2.84, -0.34; ppermutation = 0.07) and higher Cognitive score at age 3 (βwqs = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.82; ppermutation = 0.05). All other estimates were consistent with null associations. CONCLUSION In this large southern U.S. population we observed some support for adverse associations between PAHs and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Masterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fran A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Barrett ES, Workman T, Hazlehurst MF, Kauderer S, Loftus C, Kannan K, Robinson M, Smith AK, Smith R, Zhao Q, LeWinn KZ, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE pregnancy cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1011689. [PMID: 36440232 PMCID: PMC9691680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting combustion by-products that have been linked to preterm birth. One possible mechanism is through disruption of placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH), a key hormone implicated in parturition. As an extension of recent research identifying pCRH as a potential target of endocrine disruption, we examined maternal PAH exposure in relation to pCRH in a large, diverse sample. Participants, drawn from the CANDLE cohort, part of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium, completed study visits at 16-29 weeks (V1) and 22-39 weeks (V2) gestation (n=812). Seven urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured at V1 and serum pCRH at V1 and V2. Associations between individual log-transformed OH-PAHs (as well as two summed PAH measures) and log(pCRH) concentrations across visits were estimated using mixed effects models. Minimally-adjusted models included gestational age and urinary specific gravity, while fully-adjusted models also included sociodemographic characteristics. We additionally evaluated effect modification by pregnancy complications, fetal sex, and maternal childhood trauma history. We observed associations between 2-OH-Phenanthrene (2-OH-PHEN) and rate of pCRH change that persisted in fully adjusted models (β=0.0009, 0.00006, 0.0017), however, positive associations with other metabolites (most notably 3-OH-Phenanthrene and 1-Hydroxypyrene) were attenuated after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Associations tended to be stronger at V1 compared to V2 and we observed no evidence of effect modification by pregnancy complications, fetal sex, or maternal childhood trauma history. In conclusion, we observed modest evidence of association between OH-PAHs, most notably 2-OH-PHEN, and pCRH in this sample. Additional research using serial measures of PAH exposure is warranted, as is investigation of alternative mechanisms that may link PAHs and timing of birth, such as inflammatory, epigenetic, or oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily S. Barrett,
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marnie F. Hazlehurst
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sophie Kauderer
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roger Smith
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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23
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Zhu H, Martinez-Moral MP, Kannan K. Variability in urinary biomarkers of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its association with oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106720. [PMID: 34166875 PMCID: PMC8380707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Urinary concentrations of mono-hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs) have been used as biomarkers of these chemicals' exposure in humans. Little is known, however, with regard to intra- and inter-individual variability in OH-PAH concentrations and their association with oxidative stress. We conducted a longitudinal study of measurement of urinary concentrations of 15 OH-PAHs and 7 oxidative stress biomarkers (OSBs) of DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], lipid [malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostanes (PGF2α)] and protein [o,o'-dityrosine (diY)] peroxidation in 19 individuals for 44 consecutive days. Metabolites of naphthalene (OHNap), fluorene (OHFlu), phenanthrene (OHPhe), and pyrene (OHPyr) were found in >70% of 515 urine samples analyzed, at sum concentrations (∑OH-PAH) measured in the range of 0.46-60 ng/mL. After adjusting for creatinine, OHNap and ∑OH-PAH concentrations exhibited moderate predictability, with intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.359 to 0.760. However, ICC values were low (0.001-0.494) for OHFlu, OHPhe, and OHPyr, which suggested poor predictability for these PAH metabolites. Linear mixed-effects analysis revealed that an unit increase in ∑OH-PAH concentration corresponded to 4.5%, 5.3%, 20%, and 21% increase in respective urinary 8-OHdG, MDA, PGF2α, and diY concentrations, suggesting an association with oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. The daily intakes of PAHs, calculated from urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs, were 10- to 100-fold below the current reference doses. This study provides valuable information to design sampling strategies in biomonitoring studies and in assigning exposure classifications of PAHs in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Maria-Pilar Martinez-Moral
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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24
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Bradley PM, Padilla IY, Romanok KM, Smalling KL, Focazio MJ, Breitmeyer SE, Cardon MC, Conley JM, Evans N, Givens CE, Gray JL, Gray LE, Hartig PC, Higgins CP, Hladik ML, Iwanowicz LR, Lane RF, Loftin KA, McCleskey RB, McDonough CA, Medlock-Kakaley E, Meppelink S, Weis CP, Wilson VS. Pilot-scale expanded assessment of inorganic and organic tapwater exposures and predicted effects in Puerto Rico, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147721. [PMID: 34134358 PMCID: PMC8504685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A pilot-scale expanded target assessment of mixtures of inorganic and organic contaminants in point-of-consumption drinking water (tapwater, TW) was conducted in Puerto Rico (PR) to continue to inform TW exposures and corresponding estimations of cumulative human-health risks across the US. In August 2018, a spatial synoptic pilot assessment of than 524 organic and 37 inorganic chemicals was conducted in 14 locations (7 home; 7 commercial) across PR. A follow-up 3-day temporal assessment of TW variability was conducted in December 2018 at two of the synoptic locations (1 home, 1 commercial) and included daily pre- and post-flush samples. Concentrations of regulated and unregulated TW contaminants were used to calculate cumulative in vitro bioactivity ratios and Hazard Indices (HI) based on existing human-health benchmarks. Synoptic results confirmed that human exposures to inorganic and organic contaminant mixtures, which are rarely monitored together in drinking water at the point of consumption, occurred across PR and consisted of elevated concentrations of inorganic contaminants (e.g., lead, copper), disinfection byproducts (DBP), and to a lesser extent per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalates. Exceedances of human-health benchmarks in every synoptic TW sample support further investigation of the potential cumulative risk to vulnerable populations in PR and emphasize the importance of continued broad characterization of drinking-water exposures at the tap with analytical capabilities that better represent the complexity of both inorganic and organic contaminant mixtures known to occur in ambient source waters. Such health-based monitoring data are essential to support public engagement in source water sustainability and treatment and to inform consumer point-of-use treatment decision making in PR and throughout the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - L Earl Gray
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher P Weis
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Cathey AL, Watkins DJ, Rosario ZY, Vélez Vega CM, Loch-Caruso R, Alshawabkeh AN, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure results in altered CRH, reproductive, and thyroid hormone concentrations during human pregnancy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141581. [PMID: 32829279 PMCID: PMC7755823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are byproducts of incomplete combustion reactions and are ubiquitous in the environment, leading to widespread human exposure via inhalation and ingestion pathways. PAHs have been implicated as endocrine disrupting compounds in previous animal and in vitro studies, but human studies are currently lacking. Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are particularly susceptible populations to environmental contaminants, in part because alterations in hormone physiology during gestation can have adverse consequences on the health of the pregnancy. We utilized data on 659 pregnant women from the PROTECT longitudinal birth cohort in Puerto Rico to assess associations between repeated measures of 8 urinary hydroxylated PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites and 9 serum hormones during gestation. Urine samples were collected at 3 study visits (median gestational ages of 18, 22, and 26 weeks at each visit, respectively) and serum samples were collected at the first and third study visits. Linear mixed effects models were used to ascertain longitudinal associations between OH-PAHs and hormones, and sensitivity analyses were employed to assess potential nonlinearity and differences in associations on the basis of fetal sex and timing of biomarker measurement. Among the multiple positive associations we observed between OH-PAHs and CRH, estriol, progesterone, T3, and the ratio of T3 to T4, and inverse associations with testosterone, the most notable are a 24.3% increase (95% CI: 13.0, 36.7) in CRH with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in 1-hydroxyphenanthrene and a 17.2% decrease (95% CI: 8.13, 25.4) in testosterone with an IQR increase in 1-hydroxynapthalene. Many associations observed were dependent on fetal sex, and some relationships showed evidence of nonlinearity. These findings demonstrate the importance of studying PAH exposures during pregnancy and highlight the potential complexity of their impacts on the physiology of human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zaira Y Rosario
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Carmen M Vélez Vega
- Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - José F Cordero
- College of Public Health, Athens, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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26
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Puttaswamy N, Saidam S, Rajendran G, Arumugam K, Gupton S, Williams EW, Johnson CL, Panuwet P, Rajkumar S, Clark ML, Peel JL, Checkley W, Clasen T, Balakrishnan K, Barr DB. Cross-validation of biomonitoring methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in human urine: Results from the formative phase of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in India. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1154:122284. [PMID: 32755815 PMCID: PMC7501734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial is evaluating health benefits of a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention in biomass cook-fuel using homes (n = 3200) in four low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) that include Peru, Guatemala, Rwanda and India. Longitudinal urine samples (n = 6000) collected from enrolled pregnant women, infants and older women will be analyzed for biomarkers associated with exposure and health outcomes. We report results from cross-validation of a lower cost high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method with a higher resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the measurement of 1-hydroxypyrene (1PYR) and 2-naphthol (2NAP). Twenty-five split urine samples were analyzed by HPLC-FLD method at the India trial site in Chennai, India and by LC-MSMS method at the trial wide Biomarker Coordinating Center, Emory University, USA. The limits of detection (LOD) for the HPLC-FLD method were 0.02 ng/mL and 0.07 ng/mL for 2NAP and 1PYR, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis estimated a bias of 2.98 ng/ml for 2NAP (95% CI: -5.22, -0.75) and 0.09 ng/mL for 1PYR (95% CI: -0.02, 0.21) with HPLC-FLD levels being lower than LC-MSMS levels at higher concentrations. Analyses of additional urine samples (n = 119) collected during the formative phase of the HAPIN trial in India, showed 2NAP and 1PYR levels to be consistently above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and demonstrated the applicability of the method. The HPLC-FLD method can serve as a cost-effective and reliable analytical method to measure 2NAP and 1PYR in human urine in LMICs, within and beyond the HAPIN trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Puttaswamy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Sudhakar Saidam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Gayathri Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Kokila Arumugam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Savannah Gupton
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin W Williams
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cierra L Johnson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Rajkumar
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Clasen
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Cao X, Li J, Cheng L, Deng Y, Li Y, Yan Z, Duan L, Yang J, Niu Q, Perera F, Nie J, Tang D. The associations between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, umbilical cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number, and children's neurobehavioral development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114594. [PMID: 32504974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse neurobehavioral development outcomes. Mitochondrial DNA are sensitive to environmental toxicants due to the limited ability of repairing. The change of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) might be a biologically mechanism linking PAH exposure and children's neurobehavioral impairment. Our aims are to explore whether PAH metabolites in maternal urine were associated with children's neurobehavioral development at 2 years old and umbilical cord blood mtDNAcn, and whether mtDNAcn was a mediator of PAH-related neurobehavioral development. We included 158 non-smoking pregnant women from Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Maternal urinary eleven PAH metabolites were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). MtDNAcn in cord blood was detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Children's neurodevelopment was measured by Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) when children were two years age. Generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationships between PAH metabolites in maternal urine and GDS scores and mtDNAcn. A mediation analysis was also conducted. Generalized linear models showed the relationships of sum of PAH metabolites (Σ-OHPAHs) in maternal urine with decreased motor score, and Σ-OHPAHs with increased mtDNAcn (p for trend < 0.05). Urinary levels of Ln (Σ-OHPAHs) increased one unit was related to a 2.08 decreased in motor scores, and Ln (Σ-OHPAHs) increased one unit was related to 0.15 increased in mtDNAcn. Mediation analysis did not find mtDNAcn can be a mediator between PAH metabolites and neurobehavioral development. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to PAH decreased children's neurobehavioral development scores and increased mtDNAcn. And reducing exposure to PAH during pregnancy will benefit to improving neurobehavioral development in children. In our present cohort study, sum of PAH metabolites in urine of pregnant women were related with motor score and were positively associated with umbilical cord blood mtDNA copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yunjun Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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28
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Yang L, Shang L, Wang S, Yang W, Huang L, Qi C, Gurcan A, Yang Z, Chung MC. The association between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and birth weight: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236708. [PMID: 32790684 PMCID: PMC7425945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a kind of endocrine disruptors, which can enter human body by the inhalation of PAH-containing matter and the ingestion of PAH-containing foodstuffs. Studies showed that PAHs can cross the placental barrier and might cause adverse effects on the fetus. Objectives This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the associations between prenatal exposure to PAHs and birth weight. Methods Articles published in English until May 8, 2020 and reported the effects of prenatal exposure to PAHs on birth weight were searched in multiple electronic databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. The included studies were divided into three groups in accordance with the measurement of PAHs exposure. Then coefficient was extracted, conversed and synthesized by random-effects meta-analysis. And risk of bias was assessed for each study. Results A total of 3488 citations were searched and only 11 studies were included finally after double assessment. We found that there were no association between PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood (low/high) (OR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.03), 1-hydroxy pyrene (1-HP) concentration in maternal urine (OR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.03) and prenatal maternal airborne PAHs exposure (OR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.93, 1.01) and birth weight. However, we observed ethnicity may change the effects of PAHs exposure on birth weight. Conclusions There is no significant relationship between prenatal exposure to PAHs and birth weight in our meta-analysis. Further studies are still needed for determining the effects of prenatal PAHs exposure on birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Cuifang Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal & Child Health Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Anil Gurcan
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Antai College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chun Chung
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Urbancova K, Dvorakova D, Gramblicka T, Sram RJ, Hajslova J, Pulkrabova J. Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentrations in urine of mothers and their newborns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138116. [PMID: 32222511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants produced during incomplete combustion of organic matter. Humans can be exposed to them via several pathways (inhalation, digestion, dermal exposure). The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of 11 monohydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs) in 660 urine samples collected from mothers and their newborns residing in two localities of the Czech Republic - Most and Ceske Budejovice - in 2016 and 2017. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the target analytes were extracted from the urine samples using liquid-liquid extraction, with extraction solvent ethyl acetate and a clean-up step using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with the Z-Sep sorbent. For identification and quantification, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was applied. 2-OH-NAP was the compound present in all of the measured samples and it was also the compound at the highest concentration in both mothers' and newborns' urine samples (median concentration 5.15 μg/g creatinine and 3.58 μg/g creatinine). The total concentrations of OH-PAHs in urine samples collected from mothers were 2 times higher compared to their children. The most contaminated samples were collected in Most in the period October 2016-March 2017 from both mothers (12.59 μg/g creatinine) and their newborns (8.29 μg/g creatinine). The concentrations of OH-PAHs in urine samples, which were collected from both mothers and their newborns as presented in this study, are comparable with those found in our previous study between 2013 and 2014. In addition, they are slightly lower or comparable to other studies from Poland, USA, Germany, China, and Australia. The results might indicate that the population in the previously highly air-polluted mining districts carries some long-term changes (maybe existing changes in genetic information), which also affect the metabolism of PAHs. It could be related to the long-lasting effect, and thus corresponding to the shortened life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Urbancova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Dvorakova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Gramblicka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim J Sram
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Medicine Medicine CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Harris SM, Jin Y, Loch-Caruso R, Padilla IY, Meeker JD, Bakulski KM. Identification of environmental chemicals targeting miscarriage genes and pathways using the comparative toxicogenomics database. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109259. [PMID: 32143025 PMCID: PMC7103533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miscarriage is a prevalent public health issue and many events occur before women are aware of their pregnancy, complicating research design. Thus, risk factors for miscarriage are critically understudied. Our goal was to identify environmental chemicals with a high number of interactions with miscarriage genes, based on known toxicogenomic responses. METHODS We used miscarriage (MeSH: D000022) and chemical gene lists from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database in human, mouse, and rat. We assessed enrichment for gene ontology biological processes among the miscarriage genes. We prioritized chemicals (n = 25) found at Superfund sites or in the blood or urine pregnant women. For chemical-disease gene sets of sufficient size (n = 13 chemicals, n = 20 comparisons), chi-squared enrichment tests and proportional reporting ratios (PRR) were calculated. We cross-validated enrichment results. RESULTS Miscarriage was annotated with 121 genes and overrepresented in inflammatory response (q = 0.001), collagen metabolic process (q = 1 × 10-13), cell death (q = 0.02), and vasculature development (q = 0.005) pathways. The number of unique genes annotated to a chemical ranged from 2 (bromacil) to 5607 (atrazine). In humans, all chemicals tested were highly enriched for miscarriage gene overlap (all p < 0.001; parathion PRR = 7, cadmium PRR = 6.5, lead PRR = 3.9, arsenic PRR = 3.5, atrazine PRR = 2.8). In mice, highest enrichment (p < 0.001) was observed for naphthalene (PRR = 16.1), cadmium (PRR = 12.8), arsenic (PRR = 11.6), and carbon tetrachloride (PRR = 7.7). In rats, we observed highest enrichment (p < 0.001) for cadmium (PRR = 8.7), carbon tetrachloride (PRR = 8.3), and dieldrin (PRR = 5.3). Our findings were robust to 1000 permutations each of variable gene set sizes. CONCLUSION We observed chemical gene sets (parathion, cadmium, naphthalene, carbon tetrachloride, arsenic, lead, dieldrin, and atrazine) were highly enriched for miscarriage genes. Exposures to chemicals linked to miscarriage, and thus linked to decreased probability of live birth, may limit the inclusion of fetuses susceptible to adverse birth outcomes in epidemiology studies. Our findings have critical public health implications for successful pregnancies and the interpretation of adverse impacts of environmental chemical exposures on pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ingrid Y Padilla
- Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Nuñez JR, Colby SM, Thomas DG, Tfaily MM, Tolic N, Ulrich EM, Sobus JR, Metz TO, Teeguarden JG, Renslow RS. Evaluation of In Silico Multifeature Libraries for Providing Evidence for the Presence of Small Molecules in Synthetic Blinded Samples. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4052-4060. [PMID: 31430141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current gold standard for unambiguous molecular identification in metabolomics analysis is comparing two or more orthogonal properties from the analysis of authentic reference materials (standards) to experimental data acquired in the same laboratory with the same analytical methods. This represents a significant limitation for comprehensive chemical identification of small molecules in complex samples. The process is time consuming and costly, and the majority of molecules are not yet represented by standards. Thus, there is a need to assemble evidence for the presence of small molecules in complex samples through the use of libraries containing calculated chemical properties. To address this need, we developed a Multi-Attribute Matching Engine (MAME) and a library derived in part from our in silico chemical library engine (ISiCLE). Here, we describe an initial evaluation of these methods in a blinded analysis of synthetic chemical mixtures as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT, Phase 1). For molecules in all mixtures, the initial blinded false negative rate (FNR), false discovery rate (FDR), and accuracy were 57%, 77%, and 91%, respectively. For high evidence scores, the FDR was 35%. After unblinding of the sample compositions, we optimized the scoring parameters to better exploit the available evidence and increased the accuracy for molecules suspected as present. The final FNR, FDR, and accuracy were 67%, 53%, and 96%, respectively. For high evidence scores, the FDR was 10%. This study demonstrates that multiattribute matching methods in conjunction with in silico libraries may one day enable reduced reliance on experimentally derived libraries for building evidence for the presence of molecules in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Nuñez
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Sean M Colby
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Dennis G Thomas
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States.,Department of Environmental Science , University of Arizona , Tucson 85712 , United States
| | - Nikola Tolic
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development , National Exposure Research Laboratory , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development , National Exposure Research Laboratory , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Ryan S Renslow
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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Nie J, Li J, Cheng L, Deng Y, Li Y, Yan Z, Duan L, Niu Q, Tang D. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites, cord blood telomere length, and neonatal neurobehavioral development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 174:105-113. [PMID: 31055168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a potential risk factor for child neurobehavioral development. Telomere length (TL) has important implications for health over the life course. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate whether prenatal urinary PAH metabolites were associated with adverse neonatal neurobehavioral development and altered cord blood TL and to explore whether the change of TL was a predictor of neonatal neurobehavioral development. METHOD We enrolled 283 nonsmoking pregnant women in Taiyuan city. Eleven PAH metabolites were measured in maternal urine samples. TL in cord blood was measured by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) tests were conducted when the infants were three days old. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations of maternal urinary PAH metabolites with NBNA scores and cord blood TL, and restricted cubic spline models were further used to examine the shapes of dose-response relationships. A mediation analysis was also conducted. RESULT We observed dose-response associations of maternal urinary 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH Phe) with decreased active tone scores, sum of NBNA scores, and cord blood TL (P for trend<0.05). Each 1 unit increase in urinary levels of Ln (2-OH Flu) or Ln (2-OH Phe) was associated with a 0.092 or 0.135 decrease in the active tone scores and a 0.174 or 0.199 decrease in the sum of NBNA scores. Mediation analysis showed TL could explained 21.74% of the effect of sum of NBNA scores change related to prenatal exposure to 2-OH Phe (P for mediator = 0.047). CONCLUSION Our data indicates maternal urinary specific PAH metabolites are inversely associated with neonatal neurobehavioral development and cord blood TL. TL mediates the associations of 2-OH Phe with neonatal neurobehavioral development and partly explains the effect of 2-OH Phe on neonatal neurobehavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yunjun Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Watkins DJ, Vélez-Vega CM, Rosario Z, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh AN, Meeker JD. Preliminary assessment of exposure to persistent organic pollutants among pregnant women in Puerto Rico. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:327-331. [PMID: 30738742 PMCID: PMC6408968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puerto Rico has over 200 hazardous waste sites, as well as higher rates of several adverse health outcomes compared to the mainland US. In response to concerns of potential links between environmental contaminant exposure and preterm birth, the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) birth cohort was formed. Biomarkers of exposure for several contaminants have been found to be elevated in this cohort compared to women of child-bearing age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). However, exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has not been evaluated. METHODS In this preliminary analysis, we measured four classes of POPs, including perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and several persistent pesticides in serum samples collected at 16-20 weeks gestation from the first 48 women enrolled in PROTECT. We performed descriptive analyses for each analyte, assessed correlations between analytes using Spearman correlations, and compared serum levels in PROTECT women to levels in NHANES women aged 18-40. RESULTS Several PFASs were detected in 96-100% of samples, with moderate to strong correlations between most PFASs (range r = 0.44-0.88). BDE47, BDE153, PCB 138-158, PCB153 and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) were detected in the majority of samples, with strong correlations between PCBs and p,p'-DDE (range r = 0.59-0.74). The median concentration for each analyte was lower than, sometimes by a factor of 4 (e.g. BDE47, p,p'-DDE), the median concentration reported in NHANES women aged 18-40. CONCLUSION Although participants in the ongoing PROTECT birth cohort have higher exposure to many environmental contaminants, this preliminary study suggests that they have lower exposure to several POPS, specifically PCBs, OCPs, PFASs, and PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Zaira Rosario
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Huo X, Wu Y, Xu L, Zeng X, Qin Q, Xu X. Maternal urinary metabolites of PAHs and its association with adverse birth outcomes in an intensive e-waste recycling area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:453-461. [PMID: 30458375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been concerned over the past few decades. We aimed to determine the hydroxylated PAH (OHPAH) metabolite concentrations in maternal urine collected from the e-waste-contaminated area of Guiyu and the reference area of Haojiang, China, and to evaluate their health effects on birth outcomes. The median ƩOHPAH concentration was 6.87 μg/g creatinine from Guiyu, and 3.90 μg/g creatinine from Haojiang. 2-OHNap and 1-OHPyr were the predominant metabolites. Residence in Guiyu and recycling in houses were associated with elevated 2-OHNap and 1-OHPyr. Standardized mean difference revealed that compared to low PAH metabolite levels in the first quartile, high PAH metabolite levels in the fourth quartile especially for 1-OHPyr, ƩOHPAHs and sometimes hydroxylphenanthrene compounds, presented a reduced size in birth outcomes (overall SMD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.03), including head circumference, BMI and Apgar 1 score, and increased size in height. After adjusting for confounders in regression models, an interquartile increase in ΣOHPAHs was associated with a decrease of 234.56 g in weight (95% CI: -452.00, -17.13), 1.72 cm in head circumference (95% CI: -2.96, -0.48), 1.06 kg/m2 in BMI (95% CI: -1.82, -0.31) and 0.42 in Apgar 1 score (95% CI: -0.66, -0.18), respectively. These findings suggest high exposure to PAHs during pregnancy in e-waste areas, posing a potential threat to neonatal development, which likely can be attributed to direct e-waste recycling activities. Ongoing studies should be continued to monitor human exposure and health, in particular for vulnerable individuals in e-waste-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yousheng Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Long Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qilin Qin
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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