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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Mahdy EAA, El-Hady E, Abou-Zeid SM, Mawed SA, Azzam MM, Crescenzo G, Abo-Elmaaty AMA. Benefits of Chlorella vulgaris against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicities via Restoring the Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Nrf2 and NF-KB Pathways in Male Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2414. [PMID: 37760855 PMCID: PMC10525457 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In our life scenarios, we are involuntarily exposed to many heavy metals that are well-distributed in water, food, and air and have adverse health effects on animals and humans. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic 10 chemicals reported by The World Health Organization (WHO), affecting organ structure and function. In our present study, we use one of the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris (ChV, 500 mg/kg body weight) to investigate the beneficial effects against CdCl2-induced hepato-renal toxicity (Cd, 2 mg/kg body weight for 10 days) on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In brief, 40 adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 10); Control, ChV, Cd, and Cd + ChV. Cadmium alters liver and kidney architecture and disturbs the cellular signaling cascade, resulting in loss of body weight, alteration of the hematological picture, and increased ALT, AST, ALP, and urea in the blood serum. Moreover, cadmium puts hepatic and renal cells under oxidative stress due to the up-regulation of lipid peroxidation resulting in a significant increase in the IgG level as an innate immunity protection and induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) that causes hepatic hemorrhage, irregular hepatocytes in the liver and focal glomeruli swelling and proximal tubular degeneration in the kidney. ChV additive to CdCl2, could organize the protein translation process via NF-kB/Nrf2 pathways to prevent oxidative damage by maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and improving the survival of and tolerance of cells against oxidative damage caused by cadmium. The present study shed light on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of Chlorella vulgaris that suppress the toxicity influence of CdCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Eman A. A. Mahdy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (E.A.A.M.); (E.E.-H.)
| | - Enas El-Hady
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (E.A.A.M.); (E.E.-H.)
| | - Shimaa M. Abou-Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 6012201, Egypt;
| | - Suzan A. Mawed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giuseppe Crescenzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Azza M. A. Abo-Elmaaty
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Ullah S, Ennab W, Wei Q, Wang C, Quddus A, Mustafa S, Hadi T, Mao D, Shi F. Impact of Cadmium and Lead Exposure on Camel Testicular Function: Environmental Contamination and Reproductive Health. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2302. [PMID: 37508079 PMCID: PMC10375966 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The free grazing habits of camels from various sources may cause heavy metals to bioaccumulate in their tissues and organs, possibly resulting in higher amounts of these toxic substances in their bodies over time. The aim of this study was to assess the exposure impact of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on bull camels of the Lassi breed, aged 7 to 8 years, at a site near the industrial area and another two non-industrial sites, to analyze the presence of heavy metals. Samples from three sites were collected from thirty camels (n = 10/each), soil and water (n = 30), and five different plants (n = 15/each) for analysis. Testes were collected for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum samples were obtained to measure testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Samples were obtained from plants, soil, water, blood, serum and urine for AAS. According to the results, the testes' weight, length, width, and volume significantly decreased at the industrial site compared with the other two sites as a result of exposure to Cd and Pb. Additionally, blood testosterone concentrations were considerably lower at the industrial site, indicating a detrimental impact on testicular steroidogenesis. The histological investigation of the industrial site indicated structural disturbances, including seminiferous tubule degeneration and shedding, cellular debris in seminiferous tubules, lining epithelium depletion, and vacuolation. Elevated amounts of Cd and Pb were found at the industrial site when analyzed using water, soil, plants, testes, serum, and urine. These findings demonstrate the adverse effects of Pb and Cd exposure on camel testicular function, including decreased weight and altered steroidogenesis. These findings are essential for understanding the impact of exposure to Pb and Cd on camel reproductive function and for developing successful prevention and management plans for these exposures in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wael Ennab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency, Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Abdul Quddus
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 90150, Pakistan
| | - Sheeraz Mustafa
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ziaddin University, Karachi 75000, Pakistan
| | - Tavakolikazerooni Hadi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dagan Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Kalisińska E, Kot K, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N. Red fox as a potential bioindicator of metal contamination in a European environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138037. [PMID: 36736471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In times of widespread environmental pollution with heavy metals of anthropogenic origin and the increasing dynamics of this process, it is justified to collect as much data as possible on the concentration of metals in terrestial mammals from unpolluted areas. The purpose of this research was to present the concentration of essential (chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc), probably essential (nickel, vanadium) and non-esential element (cadmium, lead, silver, strontium, and tin) in the liver, kidneys, muscles and brain of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) inhabiting north-western Poland. We revealed that the concentration of all metals, apart from Ni, was different between studied tissues. Sn and Mo have the highest affinity to the liver, whereas Ag, Sr, Cr had higher concentrations in the brain than in other organs. Various positive relationship between the concentrations of metals were observed in the tissues. Moreover, we noted negative correlations between Ag and Sn in the kidneys and brain, and between Cu and Ag in the liver. In our study the red fox was used as biomonitor for the assessment of exposure of carnivores to metals, in the generally unpolluted areas of Central Europe. Data presented in the report may be used as comparative values in similar ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kalisińska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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4
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Davydova YA, Nesterkova DV, Mukhacheva SV. Morphological parameters of hepatocytes in the European mole (Talpa europaea) and herb field mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis) under industrial pollution: Qualitative and quantitative assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:300. [PMID: 36642744 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Morphological alterations of cells and tissues usually occur in biological organisms exposed to environmental contaminants, there by acting as a biomarker of environmental pollution, thus, making this study highly pertinent. The effect of industrial pollution on the qualitative and quantitative morphological parameters of hepatocytes (through histological analysis and cytomorphometry) was studied in two contrasting species of small mammals (Talpa europaea and Sylvaemus uralensis), taking into account the animal age (young and adult groups) and liver concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). Studies were performed in the regions exposed to emissions from two currently operating copper smelters: Middle Ural Copper Smelter (Middle Urals, T. europaea catching area) and Karabash Copper Smelter (Southern Urals, S. uralensis catching area). Seven morphometric parameters of hepatocytes were measured, of which two key parameters were selected by the method of principal components-the cell packing density and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C). It was found that cell packing density in T. europaea from the impact zone decreased relative to the background area in young animals. At the same time, the differences in this parameter between the age groups from the background zone were leveled in the impact area of catching. The N/C ratio in T. europaea hepatocytes showed no correlation with either animal age or site of capture (background or impact area). In S. uralensis, both parameters, even taking into account the age, were found to be insensitive to indicate an effect of industrial pollution. Dystrophic changes (tested through histological analysis) in the liver tissue were revealed in all animal groups, but their frequency did not depend on any of the factors (age, zone) as well as the level of accumulation of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb). Morphometric parameters of hepatocytes have proved to be more reliable indicators of pollution, compared to the frequency of liver histopathology, due to lower subjectivity in their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Davydova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. 8 Marta 202, 620144, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Dina V Nesterkova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. 8 Marta 202, 620144, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Mukhacheva
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. 8 Marta 202, 620144, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Ramos-H D, Williams M, Medellín RA. Inter-Taxon and Seasonal Variations of Mineral Concentrations in Soft Tissues of Frugivorous Phyllostomid Bats in a Mineral-Limited Ecosystem. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramos-H
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Marta Williams
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo A. Medellín
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conservación de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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6
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Characteristics of PM10 Levels Monitored in Bangkok and Its Vicinity Areas, Thailand. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The ambient air concentrations of PM10 were observed in Bangkok and its vicinity areas including Nonthaburi and Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. The selected study areas are located near heavy-traffic roads with a high concentration of traffic-related air pollution. The ambient air samples were collected in the winter season (October 2019 to February 2020). The highest average level of PM10 was found in Nonthaburi (66.63 µg/m3), followed by Bangkok (56.79 µg/m3) and Nakhon Pathom (40.18 µg/m3), respectively. The morphology of these particles is typically spherical and irregular shape particles. At the sampling site in Bangkok, these particles are primarily composed of C, O, and Si, and a certain amount of metals such as Fe, Cu, and Cr. Some trace amount of other elements such as Ca, Na, and S are present in minor concentration. The particles collected from Nakhon Pathom and Nonthaburi sampling sites contain the main abundant elements C, O, and Si, followed by Cu, Cr, S, Fe, Ca, and Na, respectively. These particles are an agglomeration of carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Their origin may be associated with road dust, vehicle emission, and the erosion of building products. It can be noted that the levels and characteristics of PM10 are key factors in understanding the behavior of the particles in not only atmospheric visibility but also human health risks.
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Pogányová A, Haas M, Solár J. Lead content in soil, plants, rodents, and amphibians in the vicinity of a heating plant's ash waste. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:21. [PMID: 34893947 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study supplements previous research focused on environmental condition in the vicinity of waste ash material. The main aim of our study was the comparative analysis of lead levels in soil, plant, and animal organisms in the area of the tailings pond and surroundings, using x-ray. Findings confirm that the level of Pb in the top layer of soil is in the range of 20-135 ppm. Lead content in Calamagrostis plant tissues was confirmed only at the tailings pond area, with the highest lead concentrations measured in above-ground components; stems with blooms followed by roots and ground floor sheats. The livers, kidneys, and hearts of Apodemus flavicollis were examined, with findings of higher values in the tailings pond area than in the reference site, and average values of 14.5 ppm for livers, 16.0 ppm for kidneys, and 16.6 ppm for hearts. No significant differences were discovered based on sex and body length/body weight of A. flavicollis individuals. Values for Bombina variegata liver tissue reached an average of 12.3 ppm for individuals caught in a water reservoir without ash sediments, versus 15.7 ppm in those trapped by the edge of then tailings pond area. Females had lower concentrations of lead than males, but with no statistically significant differences found. Despite lower lead levels in soil and ash than expected, concentrations in mammalian and amphibian organs suggest a possible transition of this element into the food chain, and therefore further research in this area is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pogányová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, Žilina, 05956, Slovakia.
| | - Martina Haas
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, Žilina, 05956, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Solár
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, Žilina, 05956, Slovakia
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Brdarić E, Soković Bajić S, Đokić J, Đurđić S, Ruas-Madiedo P, Stevanović M, Tolinački M, Dinić M, Mutić J, Golić N, Živković M. Protective Effect of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8 Against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Caco-2 Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:759378. [PMID: 34790183 PMCID: PMC8591446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.759378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) ranks seventh on the list of most significant potential threats to human health based on its suspected toxicity and the possibility of exposure to it. It has been reported that some bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have the ability to bind heavy metal ions. We therefore investigated the capacity of eight EPS-producing lactobacilli to adsorb Cd in the present study, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8 was chosen as the best candidate. In addition, we demonstrate that an EPS derived from BGAN8 (EPS-AN8) exhibits a high Cd-binding capacity and prevents Cd-mediated toxicity in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Simultaneous use of EPS-AN8 with Cd treatment prevents inflammation, disruption of tight-junction proteins, and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that the EPS in question has a strong potential to be used as a postbiotic in combatting the adverse effects of Cd. Moreover, we show that higher concentrations of EPS-AN8 can alleviate Cd-induced cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Brdarić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Soković Bajić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Patricia Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Magdalena Stevanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Živković
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Brila I, Lavrinienko A, Tukalenko E, Ecke F, Rodushkin I, Kallio ER, Mappes T, Watts PC. Low-level environmental metal pollution is associated with altered gut microbiota of a wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148224. [PMID: 34380250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mining and related industries are a major source of metal pollution. In contrast to the well-studied effects of exposure to metals on animal physiology and health, the impacts of environmental metal pollution on the gut microbiota of wild animals are virtually unknown. As the gut microbiota is a key component of host health, it is important to understand whether metal pollution can alter wild animal gut microbiota composition. Using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantification of metal levels in kidneys, we assessed whether multi-metal exposure (the sum of normalized levels of fifteen metals) was associated with changes in gut microbiota of wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from two locations in Finland. Exposure to increased metal load was associated with higher gut microbiota species diversity (α-diversity) and altered community composition (β-diversity), but not dispersion. Multi-metal exposure and increased levels of several metals (Cd, Hg, Pb and Se) were associated with differences in the abundance of microbial taxa, especially those within the families Clostridiales vadinBB60 group, Desulfovibrionaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae. Our data indicate that even low-level metal pollution can affect the diversity of microbiota and be associated with deterministic differences in composition of host gut microbiota in wild animal populations. These findings highlight the need to study a broader range of metals and their cocktails that are more representative of the types of environmental exposure experienced by wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Brila
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland; National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, 977 75 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eva R Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
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10
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Rudnicki-Velasquez PB, Boryło A, Kaczor M, Wieczorek J. Bioaccumulation of polonium 210Po in cats’ hair, taking into account potential factors influencing changes in its concentration. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe main aim of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation of 210Po in the hair of various cat breeds and an attempt to interpret whether the following factors, such as: breed, length of hair, gender, age, place of living or residence, weight, type of food consumed, taking medications, origin taking into account the structural division of Poland into voivodeships and physiological processes such as pregnancy and lactation have a significant influence on the concentration of this radionuclide. The obtained results show that the factors such as breed, length of hair, living of the cat in a given voivodeship and the type of food served influence the degree of 210Po bioaccumulation.
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Rodríguez-Moro G, Ramírez-Acosta S, Callejón-Leblic B, Arias-Borrego A, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL. Environmental metal toxicity assessment by the combined application of metallomics and metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25014-25034. [PMID: 33782823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest of our society for the environment, climate change, and the assurance of the quality of life and health has been the motor of new methodological proposals that allow a more comprehensive knowledge of the problems to be solved. In this sense, the potential of omic methodologies to study these problems from a global perspective represents a milestone in environmental studies. Therefore, the study of essential and toxic metals has a special interest, particularly in relation to toxicity issues and their association to biological interactions, transport, binding to biomolecules, and behavior in biological interfaces. These studies have promoted new instrumental platforms and methodological approaches that allow addressing these problems. Furthermore, to encompass the reality of molecule-atoms interactions in their completeness, combinations of omics have been tried, focusing on environment, food, and health issues. In this sense, the present work is situated, with the objective of reviewing the most recent methodological proposals in the field of the environment and their applications, considering not only the analytical approaches but also how they have to be applied, the use of bioindicators' exposure experiments in the laboratory, and the potential transfer of the findings from the laboratory to the field. This latter point is a true touchstone, which makes these new analytical methodologies in the necessary tools for understanding the environment and the consequences of its imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Rodríguez-Moro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Huelva, Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Sara Ramírez-Acosta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Huelva, Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Belén Callejón-Leblic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Huelva, Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Arias-Borrego
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Huelva, Spain
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Huelva, Spain.
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, Huelva, Spain.
- International Agrofood Campus of Excellence International ceiA3, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.
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Yang M, Xu Y, Ke H, Chen H. Cumulative Effect and Content Variation of Toxic Trace Elements in Human Hair around Xiaoqinling Gold Mining Area, Northwestern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042074. [PMID: 33672642 PMCID: PMC7924185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The harm of toxic trace element polluted living environments to human health in mining areas has attracted extensive attention. In this study, human hair samples from a toxic trace element polluted area (village A) in a mineral processing area collected in 2015 and 2019 were studied in detail and the nonpolluted human hair samples from a contrast area (village B) with a relatively clean environment were also collected for comparison. The Hg and As in human hair samples were analyzed by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS) and the Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu in human hair samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The single cumulative index (Pi) and the Nemerrow index (Pz) were used to evaluate the single and comprehensive cumulative pollution index. The results indicated that the average toxic trace element contents in human hair from different ages in the polluted area exhibited certain statistical significance. The average single cumulative indexes indicated a significant accumulation of Hg, Pb, and Cd in human hair of both genders and different ages from the polluted area, and the comprehensive cumulative pollution indexes revealed higher accumulation of toxic trace elements in the hair of males than in females. In general, the content of toxic trace elements in human hair from polluted area was still growing in accumulation. The high content of toxic trace elements in human hair shows a notable correlation with human health, and the environmental pollution in gold mining areas is seriously harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
- Shaanxi Tongguan Observation Base on Geological Environment of Mines, Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Youning Xu
- Shaanxi Tongguan Observation Base on Geological Environment of Mines, Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (H.K.)
| | - Hailing Ke
- Shaanxi Tongguan Observation Base on Geological Environment of Mines, Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (H.K.)
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Shaanxi Tongguan Observation Base on Geological Environment of Mines, Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.X.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (H.C.)
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13
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Gil-Jiménez E, de Lucas M, Ferrer M. Metalliferous Mining Pollution and Its Impact on Terrestrial and Semi-terrestrial Vertebrates: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 256:1-69. [PMID: 34724574 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalliferous mining, a major source of metals and metalloids, has severe potential environmental impacts. However, the number of papers published in international peer-reviewed journals seems to be low regarding its effects in terrestrial wildlife. To the best of our knowledge, our review is the first on this topic. We used 186 studies published in scientific journals concerning metalliferous mining or mining spill pollution and their effects on terrestrial and semi-terrestrial vertebrates. We identified the working status of the mine complexes studied, the different biomarkers of exposure and effect used, and the studied taxa. Most studies (128) were developed in former mine sites and 46 in active mining areas. Additionally, although several mining accidents have occurred throughout the world, all papers about effects on terrestrial vertebrates from mining spillages were from Aznalcóllar (Spain). We also observed a lack of studies in some countries with a prominent mining industry. Despite >50% of the studies used some biomarker of effect, 42% of them only assessed exposure by measuring metal content in internal tissues or by non-invasive sampling, without considering the effect in their populations. Most studied species were birds and small mammals, with a negligible representation of reptiles and amphibians. The information gathered in this review could be helpful for future studies and protocols on the topic and it facilitates a database with valuable information on risk assessment of metalliferous mining pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela de Lucas
- Applied Ecology Group, Department of Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ferrer
- Applied Ecology Group, Department of Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain
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14
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Baratzadeh Poustchi F, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Heidari A, Moosavi Z. Evaluation of chromium accumulation and resulting histopathological changes in Libyan jirds (Mammals, Rodentia), affected by effluent from Ghazghan leather industrial town, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39343-39353. [PMID: 32648223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The leather industry is one of the major producers of wastewater, releasing large amounts of various chemicals into the environment. Chromium (Cr) is the most commonly used agent in the tanning industry. Accumulation in the animal body can adversely affect the functioning of animal tissues. The current study investigated the toxic effects of Cr on lung, kidney, liver, and testicular tissues in Libyan jirds (Meriones libycus) inhabiting the area surrounding Ghazghan leather industrial town, Mashhad, Iran. Average Cr concentrations were found to be significantly higher in samples from contaminated areas than controls (p < 0.05). The highest accumulation of Cr was found in lung tissue, while the liver tissue showed the lowest. The results also showed that sex and age had no significant effect on Cr accumulation in any tissue at either sampling area (p < 0.05). Histological analyses showed that Cr accumulation had caused changes in tissue samples from Libyan jirds from the contaminated area. Hyperemia was observed in all tissues. In kidney tissue, necrosis and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the tubules were seen as well, and in one case, we also observed hemorrhage. In liver tissue, necrosis, degeneration, and inflammation were observed, along with one case, of fibrosis. In lung tissue, we observed emphysema, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Testicular tissue also showed a considerable lesion. Given the proximity of specimens' habitat to an area of importance, i.e., the industrial town, and the species' dependence on its habitat for nutrition, Libyan jirds are particularly useful for monitoring. Thus, they can be used to monitor the level of contamination in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Baratzadeh Poustchi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ava Heidari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Ballová ZK, Korec F, Pinterová K. Relationship between heavy metal accumulation and histological alterations in voles from alpine and forest habitats of the West Carpathians. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36411-36426. [PMID: 32562226 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between toxic heavy metals and bio-elements in internal organs and femoral bones and their potential impacts on bone structural properties and renal histopathological changes in bank voles and snow voles were investigated. Our results reveal that heavy metals Hg and Pb accumulate more in femoral bones of alpine habitats than forests. In snow voles, the parameters of the primary osteons' vascular canals (length, average perimeter and area) simultaneously decreased with an increase of Pb and Sr. Wider primary osteons' vascular canals of snow voles contained decreased levels of K, but increased Ba. In bank voles, the number of primary osteons increased in alpine habitats along with K, Hg, and Pb accumulation. In the kidneys of bank voles, rising levels of Rb, Hg, and Zn were detected in alpine habitats. Hg increases the most in kidney tissue from alpine habitats in both vole species, and Hg levels (mean value 0.25 μg/g, max. value 0.55 μg/g) in the renal tissues of bank voles from alpine localities are similar to Hg levels from Hg-polluted industrial areas in other studies. This reflects that alpine areas of the Tatra Mountains are highly contaminated with Hg. The intensity of renal hemosiderosis relates significantly to Zn, Fe, and Cu levels in snow voles, with Fe and Zn levels in bank voles from forest habitats, and with Rb in bank voles from alpine habitats. The intensity of tubule necrosis in renal tissues of bank voles from alpine habitats was negatively related to Se content. In bank voles from forest habitats, significant positive correlations were found between the intensity of glomerular hyperplasia and amounts of Zn. The interactions of the detected element's association with bone tissue and internal organs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kompišová Ballová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-05956, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia.
| | - Filip Korec
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-05956, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Pinterová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-05956, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia
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16
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Gil-Jiménez E, Mateo R, de Lucas M, Ferrer M. Feathers and hair as tools for non-destructive pollution exposure assessment in a mining site of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114523. [PMID: 32298936 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining is responsible of releasing trace elements to the environment with potential negative effects on wildlife. Traditionally, wildlife exposure assessment has been developed by analyzing mainly environmental compartments or internal tissues. Nowadays, the use of non-destructive matrices such as hair or feathers has increased. Nevertheless, its use in free-living terrestrial mammals or in birds other than raptors or passerines is less frequent. The main objective of our study was to determine the potential for hair and feathers in a rabbit and bird species to be used as non-invasive proxy tissues for assessing internal metal concentrations at polluted sites from mining. We tested whether hair of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and feathers of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) can be used as non-destructive biological monitoring tools of both essential (Cu, Zn) and non-essential (Pb, Cd, As) trace elements in a currently active copper mining site. We found significant different concentrations, particularly in non-essential elements, between reference area and mining site. Non-essential elements Pb and Cd showed higher correlations between tissues and hair/feathers, while few significant patterns were observed for essential elements such as Cu and Zn. Although feathers showed lower levels of correlation with internal tissues than hair, both could be useful as non-destructive biological monitoring tools. Further tissues, and more importantly, hair and feathers allowed discrimination between polluted and reference sites to indicate bioavailability and pollution status. In addition, hair and feathers can be used in monitoring pollution of an active mining site, being specially interesting for biomonitoring a certain period of time in the event of a particular episode of pollution, in addition to the chronic exposure. As occurred with hair in rabbits, feathers seem to be a good compartment to detect differences between a potential polluted area, such the surrounding of an active mine site, and a non-polluted area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Manuela de Lucas
- Applied Ecology Group, Department of Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio, 26, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ferrer
- Applied Ecology Group, Department of Ethology and Biodiversity Conservation, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Americo Vespucio, 26, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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17
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Turna Demir F, Yavuz M. Heavy metal accumulation and genotoxic effects in levant vole (Microtus guentheri) collected from contaminated areas due to mining activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113378. [PMID: 31662243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a serious environmental problem commonly monitored in various organisms. Small wild rodents are ideal biological monitors to show the extent of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of marble and stone quarries on the Levant vole, Microtus guentheri, inhabiting some polluted sites. In this context, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze distribution of thirteen heavy metals (Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, B, Pb, As, Co, Cd, and Hg) in the organs (skins, bones, muscles, livers and kidneys) of the biological specimens, and the comet assay revealed DNA damage in blood lymphocytes for the first time. This study was conducted at close to the marble and stone quarries at Korkuteli, Antalya-Turkey during spring, summer, autumn (2017) and winter (2018) seasons. In spring and summer, genetic damage in blood lymphocytes from all polluted sites (sites 1-5) was significantly higher than that of controls, while in autumn it was higher in samples from three sites (sites 3-5). In terms of heavy metal distribution in organs, we found depositions of Fe, Al, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, As and Pb primarily in the skin with its derivatives, Cu and Cd deposits in the kidney, Cu, Cd and B deposits in the liver, and As and Pb depositions in the bones. The study shows that certain organs (especially skin with its derivatives) and blood lymphocytes of Levant vole can be used as ideal indicators of heavy metal pollution. Our results suggest that the Korkuteli area could already be under the threat of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Turna Demir
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 07058, Campus, Antalya, Turkey; Antalya Bilim University, Vocational School, Medical Laboratory Techniques, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 07058, Campus, Antalya, Turkey.
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18
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Możdżeń E, Babińska I, Wójcikowski J, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L. 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline - The toxicological research on an exo/endogenous amine with antidepressant-like activity - In vivo, in vitro and in silico studies. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1140-1146. [PMID: 31655278 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) demonstrates significant neuroprotective activity. It can interact with agonistic conformation of dopamine (DA) receptors. 1MeTIQ inhibits the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as well as production of free radicals and shifts DA catabolism toward COMT-dependent O-methylation. 1MeTIQ inhibits both MAO-A and B enzymes activity and increases neurotransmitters levels in the brain. It shows significant antidepressant-like effect in forced swim test (FST) in rats. This compound might be effective for depression therapy in a clinical setting but its success is determined not only by good efficacy, but also by an acceptable its ADMET profile. The use of combination in silico prediction with in vivoand in vitro studies greatly simplifies the search for new, safer and effectively acting drugs. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of histopathological changes in different rats tissues after acute and chronic administration of 1MeTIQ. Additionally, prediction of its properties in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity in the human body was performed. RESULTS The obtained data did not show extensive and significant toxic effects of tested substance in in vivo and in vitro studies in rats, and in silico ADMET prediction. CONCLUSIONS These results can help to discover a new effective and safe antidepressant substance and have important significance in the treatment of depression in clinic. Additionally, the use in the treatment of depression substance with neuroprotective, antioxidant and antidepressant-like effects in the CNS and existing endogenously might be also beneficial in controlling the adverse CNS inflammatory processes accompanying depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Możdżeń
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Izabela Babińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic and Administration of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Wójcikowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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19
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Liu J, Li N, Zhang W, Wei X, Tsang DCW, Sun Y, Luo X, Bao Z, Zheng W, Wang J, Xu G, Hou L, Chen Y, Feng Y. Thallium contamination in farmlands and common vegetables in a pyrite mining city and potential health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:906-915. [PMID: 30856506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a trace metal of severe toxicity. Its health concerns via consumption of contaminated vegetables have often been overlooked or underestimated. This study was designed to gain insight into the actual level and distribution characteristics of Tl and metal (loid)s (Pb, Cd, Cr, Sb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Co) in agricultural soils and common vegetables cultivated in different zones (upstream, midstream, and downstream) of a densely populated residential area in a typical mine city, which has been open-pit exploiting Tl-bearing pyrite minerals since 1960s. The results show that most of the agricultural soils exhibit contaminated levels of Tl, with Tl contents (upstream: 1.35-4.31 mg/kg, midstream: 2.43-5.19 mg/kg, and downstream: 0.65-2.33 mg/kg) mostly exceeding the maximum permissible level (MPL) for agricultural land use (1 mg/kg). Sequential extraction procedure indicates that even Tl is predominantly retained in the residual fraction, significant levels of Tl are still present in the geochemically mobile fractions. Besides, metals like Cu, Cd, Mn, and Co are mostly distributed in the labile fractions. Almost all metal (loid)s in edible parts of the vegetables exceed their corresponding MPL for consumption. The chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values calculated for inhabitants at different ages indicate non-negligible Tl risks via consumption of local vegetables, especially for children. Therefore, it is critical to establish effective measures for hazardous waste management and enforceable regulations in Tl-polluted area to mitigate potential severe impacts of Tl on human health through food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Rural Non-point Source Pollution Comprehensive Management Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yubing Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi'an Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Rural Non-point Source Pollution Comprehensive Management Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuexing Feng
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
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20
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Shahsavari A, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Moosavi Z, Heidari A, Sardari P. A study on the concentration of heavy metals and histopathological changes in Persian jirds (Mammals; Rodentia), affected by mining activities in an iron ore mine in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12590-12604. [PMID: 30852753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mining activity constitutes a potential source of heavy metal pollution in the environment. Long-term exposure to heavy metals (e.g., cadmium) has adverse health effects. Rodents frequently serve as bioindicators to monitor the levels of heavy metals in the environment. In the present study, concentrations of 10 heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) in kidney, liver, and muscle tissue of the Persian jird (Meriones persicus) were evaluated. This is the first study to examine the histopathological changes in Persian jird tissues caused by the bioaccumulation heavy metals. The samples were taken at location that surrounded by Sangan Iron Ore Mine (SIOM) mining activities, in northeastern Iran. The results show that the highest concentrations for the metals were observed in kidney and liver, whereas lowest concentrations were found in muscle of Persian jirds. The concentration of Pb was below the limit of detection. Sex and age were two factors that could explain the different levels of heavy metal bioaccumulation, which affects the concentration of some metals. Adults had significantly higher Cu and Cd levels compared to juveniles. Males bioaccumulated more Zn in their kidneys than females, whereas females bioaccumulated more Fe in their livers. As expected, heavy metals affected various organs of the studied specimens. Hyperemia, hemorrhage, necrosis, and degenerative damage to the epithelial cells of the tubules, the presence of hyaline casts, and in one case, mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, were observed in samples of renal tissue. Hemorrhage and hepatocyte vacuolization were the most common histopathological changes found in samples of hepatic tissue. These effects and the concentrations of heavy metals in the studied specimens indicate the need for monitoring and frequent sampling to evaluate long-term persistent pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shahsavari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ava Heidari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pourya Sardari
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Kicińska A, Glichowska P, Mamak M. Micro- and macroelement contents in the liver of farm and wild animals and the health risks involved in liver consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:132. [PMID: 30726514 PMCID: PMC6373291 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the macroelement (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn) and microelement (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Sn) contents found in the liver of wild animals (boar and deer) and farm animals (rabbit, chicken, duck, cow, goat, and turkey). Statistically, the differences in element contents between the two groups were not significant (at p = 0.05), with the exception of Fe, K, Mg, Cd, Hg, Mo, and Pb. The liver of farm animals contained more Al, Cu, K, Mg, Na, Cr, and Sn, while the content of the remaining elements was higher in wild animals. An analysis of correlations between element content and age in wild animals (boar) showed that Pb and Al content increases with age, while Na and Cr contents decrease significantly. Comparisons between the test results and the maximum limits allowed by law showed that, in the case of wild animals, the regulatory limits were exceeded in 18% (for Cd and Cu) and 9% (for Hg) of the liver samples analyzed. In the case of farm animals, the limits for micro- and macroelement contents were not exceeded. The hazard index (HI) values for farm animals were lower than for wild animals, with regard to consumption by both children and adults. Based on the HI values calculated, it seems recommendable that consumption of the liver (preferably from farm animals) by children be limited to once weekly. For adults, the liver can be a valuable source of elements such as Zn, Fe, and Cr, which may be an indication for more frequent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kicińska
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paulina Glichowska
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mamak
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Hu Z, Li J, Wang H, Ye Z, Wang X, Li Y, Liu D, Song Z. Soil Contamination with Heavy Metals and Its Impact on Food Security in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/gep.2019.75015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Genthe B, Kapwata T, Le Roux W, Chamier J, Wright CY. The reach of human health risks associated with metals/metalloids in water and vegetables along a contaminated river catchment: South Africa and Mozambique. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:1-9. [PMID: 29425784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic pollution was identified as an environmental problem of concern when, in 2008, dozens of crocodiles died in the Olifants River catchment near the border of South Africa and Mozambique. Given the close proximity of households to the river and their making use of river water, we aimed to determine to what extent water pollution has an impact on health of indigent communities in South Africa and Mozambique in the catchment area. METHODS Water and vegetable samples were collected from the study areas. Biota samples were washed with double de-ionized Milli-Q water and freeze-dried. Heavy metal analyses in water and vegetables were done by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Metal concentrations were applied in a human health risk assessment to estimate health risks. RESULTS Mean concentrations of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and selenium in water samples from South Africa exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines for safe levels of intake. Only iron exceeded the recommended guidelines in water samples from Mozambique. Metals/metalloids were found in lower concentrations at Mozambique sites downstream of South African sites. In vegetables, uranium was between 10 and 20 times above safe guidelines in South Africa and between 3 and 6 times in Mozambique. Arsenic in water samples posed the highest cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Even with a reduction in the metal concentrations in river water from South Africa to Mozambique, the potential to cause adverse human health impacts from direct use of polluted river water is evident in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Genthe
- Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 320, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Thandi Kapwata
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Corner of Sherwell and Beit Streets, Health Clinic Building, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wouter Le Roux
- Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, POX Box 395, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jessica Chamier
- Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 320, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Caradee Y Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, Private Bag x385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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MIRKOV I, POPOV ALEKSANDROV A, SUBOTA V, KATARANOVSKI D, KATARANOVSKI M. Immune defense of wild-caught Norway rats is characterized by increased levels of basal activity but reduced capability to respond to further immune stimulation. Integr Zool 2018; 13:180-193. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana MIRKOV
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology; Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic,” University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Aleksandra POPOV ALEKSANDROV
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology; Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic,” University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Vesna SUBOTA
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry; Military Medical Academy; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Dragan KATARANOVSKI
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology; Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic,” University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milena KATARANOVSKI
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology; Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic,” University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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González Rendón ES, Cano GG, Alcaraz-Zubeldia M, Garibay-Huarte T, Fortoul TI. Lead inhalation and hepatic damage: Morphological and functional evaluation in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:128-138. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233717750981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that plays an unknown biological role and is very toxic even at low concentrations. The main sources of Pb are Pb-contaminated areas in industrial areas or landfills. Inhalation is one of the most common routes of exposure to this metal, but there is little information on its effect on the liver. Thirty male mice were exposed to 0.1 M Pb acetate by inhalation for 8 weeks, twice a week for 1h. A recovery group was free of exposure for 4 weeks. Histological evaluation showed an increase in the inflammatory infiltrate and in the percentage of meganuclei in the liver. This was observed since the first week and throughout the whole exposure time. A significant increase in the aspartate aminotransferase concentration was observed in the liver function tests; yet, the alanine aminotransferase concentration did not show significant changes. The 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and nitrotyrosine levels in Pb-exposed mice, identified by immunohistochemistry, showed a significant increment compared to the controls. This effect was observed throughout Pb exposure. After a 4-week period of suspended exposure, recovery time, the concentration of 4-HNE and nitrotyrosine decreased to similar levels of those previously observed in controls, this suggests a decrease in the generation of oxidative stress by Pb inhalation. Although our results suggest that the lungs are the first contact organs and filters during Pb inhalation, this metal eventually reaches the liver and might cause damage by oxidative stress. This damage can decrease in time if exposure is discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S González Rendón
- Cellular and Tissular Biology Department, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gumaro Gutierrez Cano
- Cellular and Tissular Biology Department, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Alcaraz-Zubeldia
- Department of Neurochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania Garibay-Huarte
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Cellular and Tissular Biology Department, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Mahmoudi R, Rahimi B, Hassanzadeh P, Ghajarbeygi P, Pakbin B. Lead concentration in the muscles of slaughtered buffalos in northwest regions of Iran. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6148-6152. [PMID: 29588813 PMCID: PMC5853987 DOI: 10.19082/6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The topic of food safety has become a major public health issue worldwide. Over recent decades, the growing concern for food safety has brought about greater research regarding the risks associated with the consumption of produce that has been contaminated by pesticides, heavy metals and/or toxins. Objective The study was conducted to determine the concentration of Pb in the muscle of buffalos slaughtered in the northwest regions of Iran (Ardabil, Urmia and Tabriz cities). Methods The present was a descriptive cross-sectional study in the northwest regions of Iran during 2013 to 2014. A total of 30 muscle samples from individual buffalos were analyzed for Pb concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0. All results were computed as mean standard deviation and subjected to one-way analysis of variance to establish whether the differences in Pb concentrations in meat samples from different cities were significant or not. The Statistical significance was determined at p<0.05. Results The results showed that the mean concentration of Pb in muscle samples were measured 0.043±0.035 ppm. The highest Pb concentration (0.11 ppm) was detected in the buffalo muscle samples from Urmia city. In total, 25 muscle samples (80.33%) were contaminated with Pb and concentration of Pb in 3.33% of contaminated samples exceeded the permissible limits advised by the European Commission (EC) (0.1 ppm). Conclusion We recommend identifying Pb sources in order to eliminate or control Pb contamination of food, and monitor environmental exposures and hazards to prevent lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Associate Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- D.V.M. Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Hassanzadeh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Ghajarbeygi
- Assistant Professor, Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- PhD Student, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Neila C, Hernández-Moreno D, Fidalgo LE, López-Beceiro A, Soler F, Pérez-López M. Does gender influence the levels of heavy metals in liver of wild boar? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 140:24-29. [PMID: 28231502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine heavy metal reference levels for risk assessment studies. For this purpose, the levels of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc were determined in liver tissues of wild boars sampled in NW Spain. The mean values were 0.383, 0.326, 23.50 and 56.86mg/kg dried weight, respectively. In general, the levels detected were similar to or lower than the levels reported in literature. This study not only provides a useful baseline for biomonitoring the levels of the analyzed contaminants in wildlife in NW Spain, it also helps to understand the effects of gender on the levels of these elements. Similar to studies performed in other geographical regions, no significant gender-related differences could be detected. Although differences were not significant, the levels of zinc, cadmium and lead were modestly higher in males (55.78, 0.346 and 0.424mg/kg, respectively) compared to females (45.25, 0.305 and 0.341mg/kg). Our results indicate that, although gender did not significantly affect heavy metal uptake and toxicokinetics of contaminants in wild boars, these effects could vary between species, populations, organs, and elements. It is therefore essential to investigate gender-related differences for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Neila
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - D Hernández-Moreno
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - L E Fidalgo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - A López-Beceiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; IPROCAR Research Institutes
| | - M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; INBIO G+C Research Institutes.
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Giri S, Singh AK. Human health risk assessment due to dietary intake of heavy metals through rice in the mining areas of Singhbhum Copper Belt, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14945-14956. [PMID: 28484981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The study was intended to investigate heavy metal contamination levels in the rice grown in the vicinity of the mining areas of Singhbhum Copper Belt, India. The concentrations of the metals were below the Indian maximum allowable concentrations for food except for Pb, Ni, and Zn at some locations. Principal component analysis extracted three factors explaining 79.1% of the data variability. The extracted factors suggested that the sources of metals in the rice can be attributed to soil, irrigating water, and atmospheric dust deposition. High potential health risks of metal exposure from rice consumption were illustrated based on estimated daily intake (EDI) and target hazard quotient (THQ). The daily intakes of heavy metals for local adults were higher than the tolerable daily intakes provided by WHO in some samples for Cr, Fe, Ni, and V. Considering the geometric mean of the metals in rice samples of the study area, the hazard index (HI) for adult was above unity (3.09). Pb, Cu, and Cr were the key components contributing to potential non-carcinogenic risk. The HI varied from 2.24 to 12.7 among the locations indicating an appreciable heath risk to the consumers of the locally grown rice around the mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Giri
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Group, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826015, India.
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management Group, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826015, India
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Zarrintab M, Mirzaei R. Evaluation of some factors influencing on variability in bioaccumulation of heavy metals in rodents species: Rombomys opimus and Rattus norvegicus from central Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:194-203. [PMID: 27875719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of sex, age, nutritional status, and habitat use on hair and internal tissue concentrations of some trace metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd) in brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) from Aran-O-Bidgol City in Central Iran were investigated. Five sampling stations in different land-uses were selected for the study. Concentrations of Cd and Pb in liver and whole body concentration as well as concentration of Zn in hair of male rats were significantly higher than females. A significantly higher concentration was only observed for Pb in kidney of male gerbils than females. In numerous cases, age had significantly negative correlations with concentration of metals in different tissues of both species, and was only significantly (and positively) correlated with the concentration of Cd in kidney and Zn in liver of gerbils. This finding may indicate that the early neonatal age is a critical period for metals accumulation. The relationships between nutritional status and metal concentrations for both species were negative, which can be ascribed to the weight-specific metabolic rate that cause to a relatively low uptake of metals per unit of body weight. No significant differences were observed for soil metals concentrations in different sites. So, this suggests that the influence of life history, microhabitat use and foraging behavior did significantly influence on inter and intra specific variation of metals concentration in small mammals. Our observations suggest that hair cannot be used alone for monitoring exposure of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarrintab
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, 8731753153, Iran.
| | - Rouhollah Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, 8731753153, Iran.
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Ninkov M, Popov Aleksandrov A, Mirkov I, Demenesku J, Mileusnic D, Jovanovic Stojanov S, Golic N, Tolinacki M, Zolotarevski L, Kataranovski D, Brceski I, Kataranovski M. Strain differences in toxicity of oral cadmium intake in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oladipo OG, Olayinka A, Awotoye OO. Maize (Zea mays L.) performance in organically amended mine site soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:435-442. [PMID: 27415409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic amendments play an important role in the eco-friendly remediation of degraded mine site soils. This study investigated the quality (essential nutrients and heavy metal content) of maize grown on organically amended soils from three active mines in Nigeria. Soil samples were collected randomly at 0-15 cm depth, air-dried and sieved. Five kg of soil were amended with poultry manure and sawdust (poultry manure only, sawdust only, poultry manure-sawdust mixtures in 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 ratios) at 10 g kg(-1). Maize (Zea mays L.) seeds were planted and watered for two consecutive periods of 8 weeks, with the control and treatment experiments set up in the screenhouse in quadruples. Harvested tissues were weighed, dried, ground and digested. Chemical properties were determined using standard methods while atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine total metal concentrations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu). ANOVA was used to test for significant differences among treatment groups in the various parameters. Application of poultry manure-sawdust mixtures significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced tissue dry matter yield, as well as N, P, K, and Na contents while Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb were immobilized to approximately 50-100%. Treatment with sawdust alone reduced tissue nutrient content resulting in depressed plant yield while poultry manure only though enhanced crop yield, contained higher heavy metal contents. Soil amendments comprised of poultry manure-sawdust mixtures can be effective remediation strategy for mine site soils, as these organic materials help replenish soil nutrients, immobilize heavy metals, and enhance food productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Gbemisola Oladipo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile - Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Akinyemi Olayinka
- Department of Soil and Land Resources, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile - Ife, Nigeria
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Ortiz-Ordoñez E, López-López E, Sedeño-Díaz JE, Uría E, Morales IA, Pérez ME, Shibayama M. Liver histological changes and lipid peroxidation in the amphibian Ambystoma mexicanum induced by sediment elutriates from the Lake Xochimilco. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 46:156-164. [PMID: 27521947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lacustrine sediments accumulate pollutants that input from the lake watershed and can be released to the water column by sediment resuspension; thus, pollutants can change their bioavailability and exert adverse effects to aquatic biota. Shallow-urban lakes are particularly susceptible to receive pollutants from urban discharges and sediment resuspension. Lake Xochimilco, in Mexico City, an urban-shallow lake, faces multiple problems: urban sprawl, overexploitation of aquifers, drying of springs, discharge of wastewater from treatment plants, and sediment resuspension. The aquatic biota living in this ecosystem is continuously exposed to the release of pollutants from the sediments. We assessed the risk that pollutants released from sediments from Lake Xochimilco, Touristic (TZ) and Agriculture zone (AZ), can exert on a native amphibian species of the lake (Ambystoma mexicanum) through exposure bioassays to sediment elutriates. We evaluate alterations in the amphibian by three approaches: biochemical (level of lipid peroxidation, LPO), cellular (ultrastructure) and the liver histology of A. mexicanum and we compare them with a batch control. Additionally, we assessed heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in elutriates. Elutriates from TZ showed the highest concentrations of the metals assessed. Organisms exposed to sediment elutriates from either study sites showed higher LPO values than control organisms (p<0.05). Organisms exposed to elutriates from the TZ showed the most conspicuous damages: hepatic vasodilation of sinusoids, capillaries with erythrocytes, leukocyte infiltration and cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes. The biological responses assessed reflected the risk that faces A. mexicanum when is exposed for prolonged periods to sediment resuspension in Lake Xochimilco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Ortiz-Ordoñez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Depto. de Formación Básica e Interdisciplinaria, CICS-UST, Av. de los Maestros s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Eugenia López-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Evaluación de la Salud de Ecosistemas Acuáticos, ENCB, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, México D.F. 11340, México.
| | - Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Coordinación Politécnica para la Sustentabilidad, Edificio de la Biblioteca Nacional, 3er Piso, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, esq. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, 07738 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Esther Uría
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Histología, ENCB, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n., Col. Sto. Tomás, México D.F. 11340, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Andrés Morales
- Unidad de Servicio Académico Acuario, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., México
| | - María Estela Pérez
- Unidad de Servicio Académico Acuario, Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., México
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Laboratorio de Infectómica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, No 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, México D. F. 07360, México, Mexico
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Lockhart JM, Siddiqui S, Loughry WJ, Bielmyer-Fraser GK. Metal accumulation in wild-caught opossum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:317. [PMID: 27138002 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is widespread in the USA, ranging south through Latin America. The ecology of opossums is such that they are in frequent contact with soils, suggesting that they may function as a valuable bioindicator for chemical contamination in terrestrial environments. Surprisingly, there have been virtually no toxicology studies on opossums. Here, we provide the first analysis of metal contaminants in opossum liver tissues. Liver samples were obtained from 471 opossums, collected from 2003 to 2006, at four sites in North Florida and South Georgia, USA, and concentrations of copper, lead, nickel, selenium, and zinc were measured. We found little evidence of age differences in the concentration of any of the metals. However, there were at least some significant differences between years, males and females, and between sites for each metal, although the pattern of these differences was not always consistent across metals. Concentrations of metals in liver tissue were positively correlated with one another, primarily of each metal (except Pb) with zinc. Reference levels of metal contaminants are not available for opossums, but concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in our samples were for the most part significantly higher than those reported from liver tissues of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) collected at the same sites and in the same years. Data from other small mammals studied elsewhere further indicate that metal concentrations in opossums were high, but at this time, it is not possible to determine if these elevated levels generated toxicity. The substantial temporal and spatial variation we found in metal concentrations suggests that determination of baseline levels for opossums may not be straightforward. Nonetheless, this is the first study quantifying metal accumulation in the livers of Didelphis virginiana and, as such, provides an important starting point for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mitchell Lockhart
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, 1500 North Patterson St, Valdosta, GA, 31698, USA
| | - Samreen Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, 1500 North Patterson St, Valdosta, GA, 31698, USA
| | - W J Loughry
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, 1500 North Patterson St, Valdosta, GA, 31698, USA
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Dheyongera G, Grzebyk K, Rudolf AM, Sadowska ET, Koteja P. The effect of chlorpyrifos on thermogenic capacity of bank voles selected for increased aerobic exercise metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:383-390. [PMID: 26878110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Agro-chemicals potentially cause adverse effects in non-target organisms. The rate of animal energy metabolism can influence their susceptibility to pesticides by influencing food consumption, biotransformation and elimination rates of toxicants. We used experimental evolution to study the effects of inherent differences in energy metabolism rate and exposure to the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) on thermogenic capacity in a wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes = Clethrionomys glareolus). The voles were sampled from four replicate lines selected for high swim-induced aerobic metabolism (A) and four unselected control (C) lines. Thermogenic capacity, measured as the maximum cold-induced rate of oxygen consumption (VO2cold), was higher in the A - than C lines, and it decreased after continuous exposure to CPF via food or after a single dose administered via oral gavage, but only when measured shortly after exposure. VO2cold measured 24 h after repeated exposure was not affected. In addition, gavage with a single dose led to decreased food consumption and loss in body mass. Importantly, the adverse effects of CPF did not differ between the selected and control lines. Therefore, exposure to CPF has adverse effects on thermoregulatory performance and energy balance in this species. The effects are short-lived and their magnitude is not associated with the inherent level of energy metabolism. Even without severe symptoms of poisoning, fitness can be compromised under harsh environmental conditions, such as cold and wet weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Dheyongera
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katherine Grzebyk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata M Rudolf
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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Khazaee M, Hamidian AH, Alizadeh Shabani A, Ashrafi S, Mirjalili SAA, Esmaeilzadeh E. Accumulation of heavy metals and As in liver, hair, femur, and lung of Persian jird (Meriones persicus) in Darreh Zereshk copper mine, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:3860-3870. [PMID: 26498968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rodents frequently serve as bioindicator to monitor the quality of the environment. Concentrations of 11 elements (Cd, Co, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu, Sb, As, Sr, Ni, and Cr) were investigated and compared in liver, hair, femur, and lung of the Persian jird (Meriones persicus) from Darreh Zereshk copper mine, Iran. Metals were determined in different tissues of 39 individuals of Persian jird, collected by snap trap in 2014 from five areas of Darreh Zereshk copper mine. Samples were prepared by wet digestion method, and the contents of elements were analyzed with ICP-OES (VARIAN, 725-ES) instrument. Cadmium, Sb, and Co were below the limit of detection, and Mn and As were found only in hair and liver tissues. We detected the highest concentration of Cu, As, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni in hair in comparison with other tissues. Significant higher levels of Ti in femur and hair; Fe in liver and hair; Mn in liver; As in hair; Sr in lung; Cr in lung, hair, femur, and liver; Cu in femur; and Ni in liver and lung tissues were observed in females. Nearly all element concentrations in the tissues of Persian jird from flotation site, Darreh Zereshk and Hasan Abad villages and leaching site (mining areas) were higher than those from tailing dump site (reference site). We found the highest concentrations of As in liver and hair; Ni and Cr in liver, hair, and lung; and Sr in lung and hair tissues of Persian jird in leaching site. We tried to specify the status of elements before fully exploitation of Darreh Zereshk copper mine by using bioindicator species. Based on our achievements, initial activities did not strongly pollute the surrounded environment of the mine. The high abundance of Persian jird as well as their several proper features makes them a suitable species for biomonitoring programs especially for further studies will be performed after full exploitation of Darreh Zereshk copper mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Khazaee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Hamidian
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Afshin Alizadeh Shabani
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sohrab Ashrafi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Esmat Esmaeilzadeh
- Sarcheshmeh copper complex, Research and Development Affairs, Sarcheshmeh, Iran
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Al Sayegh Petkovšek S, Kopušar N, Tome D, Kryštufek B. Risk assessment of metals and PAHs for receptor organisms in differently polluted areas in Slovenia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:404-414. [PMID: 26086372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples from receptor organisms (small mammals, passerine birds) and their food sources (herbaceous plants, leaves and fruits of wood plants, earthworms) were collected during 2011-2014 from the vicinity of a former lead smelter, from the vicinity of the largest Slovenian thermal power plant, from along a state road and also from a reference area. The samples were then analysed to determine the degree of contamination with the metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cu, Mo) and with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study provides the first data on metal and PAH exposure to small mammals and passerine birds in southeast Europe, focussing on the transfer of metals and PAHs through the food chain and on risk assessment for differently polluted areas in Slovenia. The results indicate that: (i) earthworms and herbaceous plants (especially roots) can be a source of metal exposure for organisms higher in the food chain; (ii) a risk from Pb and Cd (HQ > 1) in the vicinity of the former lead smelter exists for Myodes glareolus feeding in part on roots and for Apodemus flavicollis and Parus major feeding in part on earthworms; and (iii) mean Pb and Cd concentrations in the liver of small mammal species inhabiting the vicinity of the lead smelter reach effect concentrations in a significant proportion of the specimens (Pb: 40%, Cd: 67%); (iv) the results for P. major confirm that the study area is exposed to Pb, Cd, Hg; (v) metals contribute the major part of the total risk for receptor organisms from vicinity of lead smelter. On the contrary, the risk of PAHs for small mammals trapped close to the state road is insignificant. We can summarize, that the hazards experienced by the local ecosystem due to metal exposure may persist for decades in the vicinity of large emission sources (especially smelters).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša Kopušar
- ERICo Velenje, Ecological Research & Industrial Cooperation, Koroška 58, SI-3320 Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Davorin Tome
- The National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Kryštufek
- Natural History Museum of Slovenia, Prešernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Toxicity of oral cadmium intake: Impact on gut immunity. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mikowska M, Gaura A, Sadowska E, Koteja P, Świergosz-Kowalewska R. Genetic variation in bank vole populations in natural and metal-contaminated areas. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:535-46. [PMID: 24840501 PMCID: PMC4192554 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of isolation and heavy-metal pollution on genetic diversity in Myodes (=Clethrionomys) glareolus populations were studied. Isolation and pollution are considered to have important effects on biodiversity. Animals were collected from ten populations in isolated (island), mainland, and metal-polluted areas. Three populations were in areas near zinc and lead smelters; four were on islands in the relatively unpolluted Mazurian Lake District and in the Bieszczady Mountains; and three were in clean-mainland areas in the Mazurian Lake District, the Niepołomice Forest, and the Bieszczady Mountains. Cadmium and lead concentrations in liver and kidney were measured to assess the animals' exposure to metals. The metal concentrations were greater in animals from areas classed as polluted than in animals from the clean-mainland areas and islands. The genetic diversity of each population was analyzed using eight microsatellite markers. The results confirmed that isolation adversely affects genetic diversity in M. glareolus populations (giving low heterozygosity and poor allelic richness), but the effect of metal exposure on genetic diversity was not strong. Of the samples from polluted areas, only the Katowice population, which is exposed to high levels of metal pollution and is also isolated because of human activity, showed genetic variation parameters that were similar to those for the island populations. Nei's genetic distances indicated that the island populations were genetically distant from each other and from the other populations, and there were noticeable inbreeding effects that would have been caused by the isolation of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mikowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland,
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Nwokocha C, Younger-Coleman N, Nwokocha M, Owu D, Iwuala M. A comparative study of the effect of some nutritional medicinal plants effect on lead accumulation in the liver following different modes of administration. Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:306-11. [PMID: 25276068 PMCID: PMC4166819 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.138278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and Objectives: Lead (Pb) toxicity leads to cell damage in many organs of the body. Using different treatment interventions and modes of administration we comparatively examined the protective ability of some medicinal plants on liver Pb accumulation. Materials and Methods: Rats were fed on either 7% w/w Zingiber officinale, 7% w/w Allium sativum, 10% w/w Lycopersicon esculentum, 5%, w/w Garcinia kola (all in rat chow), while Pb (100 ppm) was given in drinking water. The additives were administered together with (mode 1), a week after exposure to (mode 2) or a week before metal exposure to (mode 3) the metal for a period of 6 weeks. The metal accumulations in the liver were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and compared using analysis of variance. Results: Some additives significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, while others enhanced Pb accumulation. Mode 2 yielded the highest mean % protection and mode 3 the lowest, no significant interaction between modes of administration and time of measurement in their relationships to percentage protection, but there was statistically significant (P < 0.05) interaction between modes of administration and additive used in their relationships to percentage protection. Conclusion: Protective effects of medicinal plants are varied and depend on the nature of lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of The West Indies Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Novie Younger-Coleman
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of The West Indies Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Magdalene Nwokocha
- Department of Haematology, The University of The West Indies Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Daniel Owu
- Department of Physiology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Moses Iwuala
- Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
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Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ. Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:640754. [PMID: 25184144 PMCID: PMC4145541 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several workers have extensively worked out the metal induced toxicity and have reported the toxic and carcinogenic effects of metals in human and animals. It is well known that these metals play a crucial role in facilitating normal biological functions of cells as well. One of the major mechanisms associated with heavy metal toxicity has been attributed to generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which develops imbalance between the prooxidant elements and the antioxidants (reducing elements) in the body. In this process, a shift to the former is termed as oxidative stress. The oxidative stress mediated toxicity of heavy metals involves damage primarily to liver (hepatotoxicity), central nervous system (neurotoxicity), DNA (genotoxicity), and kidney (nephrotoxicity) in animals and humans. Heavy metals are reported to impact signaling cascade and associated factors leading to apoptosis. The present review illustrates an account of the current knowledge about the effects of heavy metals (mainly arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium) induced oxidative stress as well as the possible remedies of metal(s) toxicity through natural/synthetic antioxidants, which may render their effects by reducing the concentration of toxic metal(s). This paper primarily concerns the clinicopathological and biomedical implications of heavy metals induced oxidative stress and their toxicity management in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Genetics, SGPGIMS, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Nikhat J. Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Davydova YA, Mukhacheva SV. Industrial pollution does not cause an increased incidence of nephropathies in the bank vole. RUSS J ECOL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413614040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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García-Sevillano MA, García-Barrera T, Navarro F, Abril N, Pueyo C, López-Barea J, Gómez-Ariza JL. Use of metallomics and metabolomics to assess metal pollution in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7747-7755. [PMID: 24922451 DOI: 10.1021/es4057938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring organism exposure to heavy metals has acquired increased importance in the last decades. The mouse Mus spretus has been used to assess the biological response to contaminants in the relevant ecological area of Doñana National Park (DNP) and surrounding areas (SW Spain), where many migrating birds land for breeding and feeding every year. A metallomics approach, based on the characterization of metal biomolecules using size exclusion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) and a metabolomics approach based on direct infusion to a mass spectrometer (DI-ESI-QTOF-MS) followed by a partial linear square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were used to compare the biological responses of M. spretus living in three areas of DNP (the reference) and surrounding areas (El Partido and El Matochal). The activities of key antioxidant enzymes, such as Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, GR, and guaiacol peroxidase, were also determined in connection with environmental contamination issues. The results show differences caused by the presence of metals in the ecosystem that affected to the levels of metals and metalloproteins, such as MT, Cu/Zn-SOD, or Mn-CA, the breakdown of membrane phospholipids, perturbations in metabolic pathways, related to energy metabolism, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Experimental Sciences Faculty, Research Center on Health and Environment (CYSMA), International Campus of Excellence on Agrofood (CEIA3), Huelva University , El Carmen Campus, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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Al Sayegh Petkovšek S, Kopušar N, Kryštufek B. Small mammals as biomonitors of metal pollution: a case study in Slovenia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:4261-4274. [PMID: 24619365 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, copper and molybdenum from soil to the tissues of small mammals inhabiting differently polluted areas in Slovenia was investigated. Metals were determined in soil samples and in the livers of 139 individuals of five small mammal species, collected in 2012 in the vicinity of a former lead smelter, the largest Slovenian thermal power plant, along a main road and in a control area. The area in the vicinity of former lead smelter differs considerably from other study areas. The soil from that area is heavily polluted with Pb and Cd. The mean metal concentrations in the liver, irrespective of species, varied in the following ranges-Pb: 0.40-7.40 mg/kg fw and Cd: 0.27-135 mg/kg fw and reached effect concentrations at which toxic effects can be expected in a significant proportion of the livers of the small mammal specimens (Pb 40 %, Cd 67 %). These findings indicate that the majority of small mammals trapped in the area of the former lead smelter are at risk of toxic effects due to the very high bioaccumulation of Pb and Cd in the organism. On the contrary, Pd and Cd concentrations in the livers of small mammals sampled in the vicinity of the thermal power plant and along the main road were comparable with reference values and considerably lower than effect concentrations. Additionally, the study suggests that Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus are very suitable biomonitors of metal pollution.
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Tête N, Durfort M, Rieffel D, Scheifler R, Sánchez-Chardi A. Histopathology related to cadmium and lead bioaccumulation in chronically exposed wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, around a former smelter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:167-177. [PMID: 24594745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ceasing of industrial activities often reduces the emission of pollutants but also often leaves disturbed areas without remediation and with persistent pollutants that can still be transferred along the food chain. This study examines the potential relationships between non-essential trace metals and histopathology in target tissues of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) collected along a gradient of contamination around the former smelter, Metaleurop Nord (northern France). Cadmium and lead concentrations were measured, and histological alterations attributable to chronic trace metal exposure were assessed in the liver and the kidneys of 78 individuals. Metal concentrations quantified in the present study were among the highest observed for this species. Some histological alterations significantly increased with Cd or Pb concentrations in the soil and in the organs. Sixteen mice from polluted sites were considered at risk for metal-induced stress because their Cd and/or Pb tissue concentrations exceeded the LOAELs for single exposure to these elements. These mice also exhibited a higher severity of histological alterations in their organs than individuals with lower metal burdens. These results indicate that the Metaleurop smelter, despite its closure in 2003, still represents a threat to the local ecosystem because of the high levels and high bioavailability of Cd and Pb in the soil. However, among the mice not considered at risk for metal-induced stress based on the metal levels in their tissues, a large percentage of individuals still exhibited histological alterations. Thus, the present study suggests that the evaluation of toxic effects based only on the LOAELs for single metal exposure may result in the underestimation of the real risks when specimens are exposed to multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tête
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Mercè Durfort
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal-643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dominique Rieffel
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Scheifler
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscopia, Facultat de Ciencies, Ed. C, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat Barcelona, Av. Diagonal-643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Eftekhari MH, Mazloomi SM, Akbarzadeh M, Ranjbar M. Content of toxic and essential metals in recrystallized and washed table salt in Shiraz, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2014; 12:10. [PMID: 24398299 PMCID: PMC3895781 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Table salt is the most commonly used food additive. Since most of the salt consumed in Iran comes from mines, contamination with heavy metals is a health concern. The commonest salt purification method in Iran is washing with water. But recently, some industries have turned to recrystallization method. The present study aimed to determine the level of essential and non-essential heavy metals in the table salt refined with recrystallization and washing methods. METHODS Thirty eight pre-packed salt samples were directly collected from retail market in Shiraz (22 samples refined with recrystallization method and 16 with washing method). The level of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt was determined using Voltammetric method. Daily intakes of lead and cadmium as well as their weekly intakes were calculated. RESULTS The levels of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, nickel and cobalt in recrystallized samples were 0. 30 ± 0.26, 0.02 ± 0.02, 0.11 ± 0.06, 0.34 ± 0.22, 0.15 ± 0.19 and 0.008 ± 0.007 μg/g, respectively, and also 0.37 ± 0.27, 0.017 ± 0.021, 0.19 ± 0.18, 0.37 ± 0.20, 0.13 ± 0.23 and 0.037 ± 0.06 μg/g in washed salt samples. The calculated weekly intake of lead and cadmium was 0.216 and 0.014 μg/kg, respectively for the recrystallized and 0.2653 and 0.0119 μg/kg for the washed salts. CONCLUSION All values for toxic metals were lower than the permitted maximum for human consumption as prescribed by Codex and Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Only 0.8652-1.0612% of lead and 0.17-0.2% of cadmium PTWIs are received via salt consumption weekly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Ranjbar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Roggeman S, de Boeck G, De Cock H, Blust R, Bervoets L. Accumulation and detoxification of metals and arsenic in tissues of cattle (Bos taurus), and the risks for human consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:175-184. [PMID: 23906855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate metal accumulation and detoxification processes in cattle from polluted and unpolluted areas. Therefore dairy cows from farms and free ranging Galloway cows from nature reserves were used as study animals. The concentrations of Ag, Cd, Pb, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and As were determined in muscle, kidney, liver and lungs of cattle from polluted and reference areas in Belgium. In kidney and liver also the metallothionein concentrations were measured. For Ag, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn and As the concentrations in the different tissues were significantly higher in the sampled Galloways than in the sampled dairy cows. On the other hand Cd and Pb were significantly higher in tissues of both cattle breeds from polluted sites. Cadmium seemed to be the most important metal for metallothionein induction in kidneys whereas Zn seemed to be the most important metal for the induction of metallothionein in the liver. This study also suggested that only for Mn and Cd a significant part of the uptake occurs via the lungs. Although in muscle none of the Cd and Pb levels exceeded the European limits for human consumption, 40% of the livers and 85% of the kidneys of all examined cows were above the European limit for cadmium. Based on the existing minimum risk levels (MRLs) for chronic oral exposure, the present results suggested that a person of 70kg should not eat more than 150g cow meat per day because of the Cr levels in the muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Roggeman
- Laboratory for Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171/U7, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Salińska A, Włostowski T, Oleńska E. Differential susceptibility to cadmium-induced liver and kidney injury in wild and laboratory-bred bank voles Myodes glareolus. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 65:324-31. [PMID: 23564442 PMCID: PMC3709087 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare the sensitivity of wild and laboratory-bred bank voles to cadmium (Cd)-induced histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys. For 4 weeks, the male bank voles-both wild and laboratory-bred-were provided with diet containing Cd in quantities <0.1 (control), 30, and 60 μg/g dry weight. At the end of exposure period, histopathology and analyses of Cd, metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lipid peroxidation-all considered to be critical factors during the development of Cd toxicity in the liver and kidneys-were carried out. Histopathological changes (focal hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation and inflammation [leukocyte infiltration] in the liver, and focal proximal tubule degeneration [including epithelial cell swelling] in the kidneys) occurred only in the wild bank voles fed a diet containing 60 μg Cd/g. There were no differences in concentrations of Cd, MT, GSH, Zn, and Cu in liver and kidney between the respective groups of wild and laboratory-bred animals. However, a decrease of hepatic Fe and lipid peroxidation was observed in the wild voles exhibiting histopathological changes. These data indicate the following: (1) wild bank voles are more susceptible to Cd-induced liver and kidney injury than those bred and raised in the laboratory; (2) the difference in sensitivity may be associated with a distinct decrease of hepatic Fe in response to Cd exposure between the two groups of bank voles; and (3) dietary Cd may produce histopathological changes indirectly through decreasing the hepatic Fe and Fe-dependent oxidative processes. These results also suggest that histopathology in the liver and kidney of wild bank voles living in a contaminated environment may occur at relatively low levels of tissue Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Salińska
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Włostowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Oleńska
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Świerkowa 20B, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
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Aseervatham GSB, Sivasudha T, Jeyadevi R, Arul Ananth D. Environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle influence oxidative stress in humans--an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4356-4369. [PMID: 23636598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is the most essential molecule for life; since it is a strong oxidizing agent, it can aggravate the damage within the cell by a series of oxidative events including the generation of free radicals. Antioxidative agents are the only defense mechanism to neutralize these free radicals. Free radicals are not only generated internally in our body system but also trough external sources like environmental pollution, toxic metals, cigarette smoke, pesticides, etc., which add damage to our body system. Inhaling these toxic chemicals in the environment has become unavoidable in modern civilization. Antioxidants of plant origin with free radical scavenging properties could have great importance as therapeutic agents in several diseases caused by environmental pollution. This review summarizes the generation of reactive oxygen species and damage to cells by exposure to external factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and role of herbal plants in scavenging these reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024 Tamilnadu, India
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49
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El-Refaiy AI, Eissa FI. Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:265-80. [PMID: 23961244 PMCID: PMC3730709 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd) induced histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, lung and testis of rats as well as chromosomal aberrations. For this purpose, 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups; each group contained 10 animals. The first group served as control and was given only distilled water. The second and third groups received distilled water supplemented with 2 g ascorbic acid/l and 500 mg Zn/l, respectively. The fourth group received a daily oral dose containing 3 mg Cd/kg b.w. (1/30 LD50). The fifth group received Cd + ascorbic acid (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 2 g ascorbic acid/l), while the sixth group received Cd + Zn (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. +500 mg Zn/l). The treatment in all groups lasted for 90 consecutive days. Rats exposed to cadmium showed severe histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, lung and testicular tissues as well as chromosomal aberrations such as: break, ring, centromeric separation and polyploidy. Co-treatment with zinc partially improved the histopathological changes and chromosomal aberrations while co-treatment with vitamin C exhibited a more protective role and markedly reduced tissues damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal I. El-Refaiy
- Biol. and Environ. Sci. Dept., Fac. of Home Economic, Al-Azhar Univ., 31511 Tanta, Egypt
- Biol. Dept., Fac. of Arts and Sciences-Khafji, Dammam Univ., 31971, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzy I. Eissa
- Environ. and Bio-agric. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., 11884 Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
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Rizwan S, Naqshbandi A, Khan F. Dietary flaxseed oil supplementation mitigates the effect of lead on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane, and oxidative stress in rat kidney tissues. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:279-90. [PMID: 23613149 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment. Lead is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that is capable of causing numerous acute and chronic illnesses. Human and animal exposure demonstrates that lead is nephrotoxic. However, attempts to reduce lead-induced nephrotoxicity were not found suitable for clinical use. Recently, flaxseed oil (FXO), a rich source of ω-3 fatty acids and lignans, has been shown to prevent/reduce the progression of certain types of cardiovascular and renal disorders. In view of this, the present study investigates the protective effect of FXO on lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal damage. Rats were pre-fed normal diet and the diet rich in FXO for 14 days, and then, four doses of lead acetate (25 mg/kg body weight) were administered intraperitoneally while still on diet. Various serum parameters, enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane (BBM), and oxidative stress were analyzed in rat kidney. PbAc nephrotoxicity was characterized by increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. PbAc increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme, whereas it decreased malate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, and BBM enzyme activities. PbAc caused oxidant/antioxidant imbalances as reflected by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In contrast, FXO alone enhanced the enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism, BBM, and antioxidant defense system. FXO feeding to PbAc-treated rats markedly enhanced resistance to PbAc-elicited deleterious effects. In conclusion, dietary FXO supplementation ameliorated PbAc-induced specific metabolic alterations and oxidative damage by empowering antioxidant defense mechanism and improving BBM integrity and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rizwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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