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Shokri Varniab Z, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Pourabhari Langroudi A, Azadnajafabad S, Mortazavi SS, Sheidaei A, Gohari K, Farzi Y, Shirzad Moghaddam Z, Sohrabi H, Shati M. The levels and trends of cancer incidence in the elderly population at national and sub-national scales in Iran from 1990 to 2016. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1937. [PMID: 38049962 PMCID: PMC10809202 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is most commonly associated with aging. It is necessary to gain a better understanding of cancer's trend and distribution among elderlies and provide comprehensive cancer care for this population. AIMS The aim of the current study was to show the trends in cancer incidence focusing on the population aged 60+ from 1990 to 2016 in Iran. MATERIAL AND RESULTS We used the dataset of the Iran Cancer Registry to estimate cancer incidences by sex, age, province, and year. In order to account for incomplete data we used a two-stage spatiotemporal model along with random intercept mixed effect models. We calculated annual age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) for age groups 60+ and 5-interval age groups. There was an increasing trend of 25.3% to 936.9% (95% uncertainty interval: 769.6-1141.8) in ASIR in the elderly in 2016. ASIR of all cancers were 889.7 (731.3-1083.6) in women and 988.1 (811.1-1205) in men in 2016, per 100 000 respectively, which had an increasing trend comparing 1990. Skin, breast, and stomach cancers in women and prostate, skin, and stomach cancers in men were the most common types in 2016. All the most incident cancer subtypes underwent an increasing trend in both sexes, except for the bladder, esophageal, and skin cancers which almost had a similar level in 1990 and 2016. Most provinces had an increasing trend in ASIR in all cancers combined from 1990 to 2016 except Zanjan with a decreasing trend. CONCLUSION Regarding the persistent increasing trend of most elderly cancers' incidence, this is crucial for policymakers to establish preventive plans, determine proper resource allocation, and develop specific treatments for elderly cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ashkan Pourabhari Langroudi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyede Salehe Mortazavi
- Geriatric Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry)Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Yosef Farzi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zeinab Shirzad Moghaddam
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hanye Sohrabi
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Shati
- Mental Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Psychosocial Health Research InstituteIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Das D, Rana N, Pramanik G, Sen K. Fluorosensing of benzaldehydes by CuI-graphene: A spectroscopy, thermodynamics and docking supported phenomenon. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1249:340897. [PMID: 36868777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzaldehyde and 4-methyl benzaldehyde constitute a major part of the harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in the environment. Hence, rapid and selective detection of benzaldehyde derivatives are required to minimize the environmental degradation as well as the potential hazards on human health. In this study, the surface of the graphene nanoplatelets were functionalized with CuI nanoparticles for specific and selective detection of benzaldehyde derivatives by fluorescence spectroscopy. CuI-Gr nanoparticles exhibited higher efficiency towards the detection of benzaldehyde derivatives as compared to pristine CuI nanoparticles with detection limit (LOD) 2 ppm and 6 ppm for benzaldehyde and 4-methyl benzaldehyde respectively in aqueous medium. The LOD values for the detection of benzaldehyde and 4-methyl benzaldehyde by pristine CuI nanoparticles were poor and found to be 11 ppm and 15 ppm respectively. Fluorescence intensity of CuI-Gr nanoparticles were found to be quenched with increasing concentration (0-0.01 mg/mL) of the benzaldehyde and 4-methyl benzaldehyde. This novel graphene-based sensor was also found to be highly selective for the benzaldehyde derivatives as no changes in signal were detected in presence of other VOCs like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Nabakumar Rana
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, III/LB-8, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700098, India
| | - Kamalika Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata, 700009, India.
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Shi R, Yuan Z, Yang L, Huang D, Ma H. Integrated assessment of volatile organic compounds from industrial biomass boilers in China: emission characteristics, influencing factors, and ozone formation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9852-9864. [PMID: 36063268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial biomass boilers (IBBs) are widely promoted in China as a type of clean energy. However, they emit large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the emission characteristics and the underlying factors are largely unknown due to the sampling difficulties. In this study, three wood pellet-fueled and two wood residue-fueled IBBs were selected to investigate the characteristics of VOC emissions and to discover their underlying impacting factors. The emission factor of VOCs varied from 21.6 ± 2.8 mg/kg to 286.2 ± 10.8 mg/kg for the IBBs. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the largest group, contributing to 30.3 - 73.6% of the VOC emissions. Significant differences were revealed in the VOC source profiles between wood pellet-fueled and wood residue-fueled IBBs. Operating load, excess air, furnace temperature, and fuel type were identified as the primary factors influencing VOC emissions. The excess air coefficient should be limited below 3.5, roughly corresponding to the operating load of 62% and furnace temperature of 630 °C, to effectively reduce VOC emissions. VOC emissions also showed great differences in different combustion phases, with the ignition phase having much greater VOC emissions than the stable combustion and the ember phases. The ozone formation potential (OFP) ranged from 4.3 to 31.2 mg/m3 for the IBBs, and the wood residue-fueled IBBs yielded higher OFP than the wood pellet-fueled ones. This study underscored the importance of OVOCs in IBB emissions, and reducing OVOC emissions should be prioritized in formulating control measures to mitigate their impacts on the atmospheric environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidan Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Leifeng Yang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Daojian Huang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- Beijing Goldwind Smart Energy Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
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Kazemi Shariat Panahi H, Dehhaghi M, Lam SS, Peng W, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Guillemin GJ. Oncolytic viruses as a promising therapeutic strategy against the detrimental health impacts of air pollution: The case of glioblastoma multiforme. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1122-1142. [PMID: 34004331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human livelihood highly depends on applying different sources of energy whose utilization is associated with air pollution. On the other hand, air pollution may be associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) development. Unlike other environmental causes of cancer (e.g., irradiation), air pollution cannot efficiently be controlled by geographical borders, regulations, and policies. The unavoidable exposure to air pollution can modify cancer incidence and mortality. GBM treatment with chemotherapy or even its surgical removal has proven insufficient (100% recurrence rate; patient's survival mean of 15 months; 90% fatality within five years) due to glioma infiltrative and migratory capacities. Given the barrage of attention and research investments currently plowed into next-generation cancer therapy, oncolytic viruses are perhaps the most vigorously pursued. Provision of an insight into the current state of the research and future direction is essential for stimulating new ideas with the potentials of filling research gaps. This review manuscript aims to overview types of brain cancer, their burden, and different causative agents. It also describes why air pollution is becoming a concerning factor. The different opinions on the association of air pollution with brain cancer are reviewed. It tries to address the significant controversy in this field by hypothesizing the air-pollution-brain-cancer association via inflammation and atopic conditions. The last section of this review deals with the oncolytic viruses, which have been used in, or are still under clinical trials for GBM treatment. Engineered adenoviruses (i.e., DNX-2401, DNX-2440, CRAd8-S-pk7 loaded Neural stem cells), herpes simplex virus type 1 (i.e., HSV-1 C134, HSV-1 rQNestin34.5v.2, HSV-1 G207, HSV-1 M032), measles virus (i.e., MV-CEA), parvovirus (i.e., ParvOryx), poliovirus (i.e., Poliovirus PVSRIPO), reovirus (i.e., pelareorep), moloney murine leukemia virus (i.e., Toca 511 vector), and vaccinia virus (i.e., vaccinia virus TG6002) as possible life-changing alleviations for GBM have been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first review that comprehensively discusses both (i) the negative/positive association of air pollution with GBM; and (ii) the application of oncolytic viruses for GBM, including the most recent advances and clinical trials. It is also the first review that addresses the controversies over air pollution and brain cancer association. We believe that the article will significantly appeal to a broad readership of virologists, oncologists, neurologists, environmentalists, and those who work in the field of (bio)energy. Policymakers may also use it to establish better health policies and regulations about air pollution and (bio)fuels exploration, production, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mona Dehhaghi
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; PANDIS.Org, Australia.
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Güneş G, Yalçin N, Çolaklar H. Investigation of indoor air quality in university libraries in terms of gaseous and particulate pollutants in Bartin, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:200. [PMID: 35182210 PMCID: PMC8857401 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) was investigated in two libraries of Bartin University. Particle matter, TVOC, and CH2O were measured simultaneously in different rooms of the libraries. Measurements were made by PCE-RCM 11 measuring device. They were conducted monthly between September 2019 and October 2020 for 2 weeks for each library. TVOC mean concentration was higher than the limit value reported by Seifert et al. (1999). PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were higher in winter unlike TVOC and CH2O concentrations. The indoor seconder blowing dust was detected to be the most important source of particulate matter in the indoor environment. On the other hand, it was thought that the pollutants in the gas phase were affected by indoor and outdoor air temperature, indoor/outdoor air exchange rate, and indoor/outdoor pollutant sources. The parameters changed during the day and in different rooms of the libraries. Pollutants did not pose any hazard on human health, since the calculated HQ and HI ≤ 1 for both exposure groups. The indoor air of the libraries was detected to be slightly polluted and bad according to the IAQI and IEI, respectively. On the other hand, the indoor air quality of the libraries was good in terms of all parameters according to the IAQC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülten Güneş
- Environmental Engineering Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey.
| | - Nesibe Yalçin
- Computer Engineering Department, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Huriye Çolaklar
- Information and Document Management Department, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
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Xu Z, Mo S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Fu M, Niu X, Hu Y, Ye D. Pt/MnO x for toluene mineralization via ozonation catalysis at low temperature: SMSI optimization of surface oxygen species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131754. [PMID: 34399263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The problem of deep oxidation of low concentrations of VOCs in industrial tail gas is exceptionally urgent. The preparation of VOCs ozonation catalyst with a high mineralization rate is still a challenge. In this paper, manganese oxide carriers with different morphologies were synthesized by simple methods and used to catalyze ozone mineralization of toluene after loading Pt nanoparticles efficiently. The conversion of toluene over Pt/MnOx-T catalyst was more than 98 % at ambient temperature, and the mineralization rate of toluene was close to 100 % at 70 °C. Through a variety of characterization methods, the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Pt nanoparticles and carriers was successfully constructed. It was found that SMSI successfully optimized the surface oxygen species and oxygen migration ability of the catalyst, and then realized the high degree of mineralization of toluene at low temperature. This paper guides the subsequent development of Pt-Mn catalysts for catalytic organic pollutants ozonation with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengpeng Mo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junliang Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingli Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yun Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daiqi Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510006, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Within-city Spatial Variations in Ambient Ultrafine Particle Concentrations and Incident Brain Tumors in Adults. Epidemiology 2021; 31:177-183. [PMID: 31714401 PMCID: PMC7004474 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs, <0.1 µm) can reach the human brain, but to our knowledge, epidemiologic studies have yet to evaluate the relation between UFPs and incident brain tumors. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of within-city spatial variations in ambient UFPs across Montreal and Toronto, Canada, among 1.9 million adults included in multiple cycles of the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006). UFP exposures (3-year moving averages) were assigned to residential locations using land-use regression models with exposures updated to account for residential mobility within and between cities. We followed cohort members for malignant brain tumors (ICD-10 codes C71.0-C71.9) between 2001 and 2016; Cox proportional hazards models (stratified by age, sex, immigration status, and census cycle) were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and various sociodemographic factors. RESULTS In total, we identified 1,400 incident brain tumors during the follow-up period. Each 10,000/cm increase in UFPs was positively associated with brain tumor incidence (HR = 1.112, 95% CI = 1.042, 1.188) after adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, and sociodemographic factors. Applying an indirect adjustment for cigarette smoking and body mass index strengthened this relation (HR = 1.133, 95% CI = 1.032, 1.245). PM2.5 and NO2 were not associated with an increased incidence of brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS Ambient UFPs may represent a previously unrecognized risk factor for incident brain tumors in adults. Future studies should aim to replicate these results given the high prevalence of UFP exposures in urban areas.
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Hill DT, Petroni M, Larsen DA, Bendinskas K, Heffernan K, Atallah-Yunes N, Parsons PJ, Palmer CD, MacKenzie JA, Collins MB, Gump BB. Linking metal (Pb, Hg, Cd) industrial air pollution risk to blood metal levels and cardiovascular functioning and structure among children in Syracuse, NY. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110557. [PMID: 33279491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has been linked to individual health effects in occupational environments and communities proximate to air pollution sources. Use of estimated chemical concentrations from the Risk Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) model, derived from the Toxics Release Inventory, can help approximate some contributions to individual lifetime exposure to risk from air pollution and holds potential for linkages with specific health outcome data. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were: (1) use regression modeling to test for associations between observed blood metal concentrations in children and RSEI total air concentrations of the same metals released from proximate manufacturing facilities; (2) determine the relative contribution of RSEI air pollution to blood metal concentrations; and (3) examine associations between chronic metal exposure and cardiovascular functioning and structure in study participants. METHODS Using data synthesis methods and regression modeling we linked individual blood-based levels of lead, mercury, and cadmium(Pb, Hg, Cd) and cardiovascular functioning and structure to proximate industrial releases of the same metals captured by the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) RSEI geographic microdata. RESULTS We found that RSEI-derived ground-level ambient air concentrations of Hg and Cd were a significant predictor of blood metal levels, when controlling for covariates and other exposure variables. In addition to associations with blood metal findings, RSEI concentrations also predicted cardiovascular dysfunction and risk including changes in left-ventricular mass, blood pressure, and heart rate. DISCUSSION Right-to-know data, such as EPA's RSEI, can be linked to objective health outcomes, rather than simply serving as a non-specific risk estimate. These data can serve as a proxy for hazard exposure and should be used more widely to understand the dynamics of environmental exposure. Furthermore, since these data are both a product of and contribute to regulatory decision making, they could serve as an important link between disease risk and translation-orientated national environmental health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Hill
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Center for Environmental Medicine and Informatics, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Michael Petroni
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Center for Environmental Medicine and Informatics, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - David A Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kestutis Bendinskas
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College at Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | | | - Nader Atallah-Yunes
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Upstate Medical University Hospital, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12237, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - James A MacKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | - Mary B Collins
- Department of Environmental Studies, Environmental Health Program, Division of Environmental Science, Center for Environmental Medicine and Informatics, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Brooks B Gump
- Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Gali NK, Stevanovic S, Brown RA, Ristovski Z, Ning Z. Role of semi-volatile particulate matter in gas-particle partitioning leading to change in oxidative potential. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116061. [PMID: 33218774 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are complex in their chemical and toxicological characteristics with sources from both primary combustion emissions and secondary oxygenated aerosol formation processes. In this study, thermal desorption of PM2.5 in association with online measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was carried out to study the role of SVOCs in its gas-particle partitioning. The mass concentrations of PM2.5, black carbon (BC) and p-PAHs downstream of a thermodenuder were measured online at different temperature settings (25, 50, 100, and 200 °C) to characterize PM physico-chemical properties. While the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and p-PAHs reduced to ∼34% at 200 °C compared to that in ambient temperature, BC mass concentration has decreased by 30% at the highest temperature. Furthermore, the submicron particle size distribution showed reduced particle number concentration in Aitken mode at 200 °C heating. The ROS, measured by Particle-into-Nitroxide-Quencher, also showed reduction and followed a similar trend with PM measurements, where the total ROS decreased by 12%, 31%, and 53% at 50 °C, 100 °C, and 200 °C, respectively, compared to the ambient sample. When a HEPA filter was included in the upstream of samples, 39% of gas phase ROS reduction was observed at 200 °C. This provided a good estimate of the contribution of SVOCs in ROS production in PM2.5, where decreased SVOCs concentration at 200 °C increased the percentage of particle surface area. This concludes that the surface chemistry of these organic coatings on the particles is important for assessing the health impacts of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Svetlana Stevanovic
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Build Environment, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reece Alexander Brown
- International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Zoran Ristovski
- International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Hong Kong.
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Parker ER. The influence of climate change on skin cancer incidence - A review of the evidence. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:17-27. [PMID: 33537393 PMCID: PMC7838246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is broadly affecting human health, with grave concern that continued warming of the earth's atmosphere will result is serious harm. Since the mid-20th century, skin cancer incidence rates have risen at an alarming rate worldwide. OBJECTIVE This review examines the relationship between climate change and cutaneous carcinogenesis. METHODS A literature review used the National Institutes of Health databases (PubMed and Medline), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and International Agency for Research on Cancer registries, and published reports by federal and international agencies and consortia, including the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United Nations Environment Programme, World Health Organization, and World Meteorological Organization. RESULTS Skin cancer risk is determined by multiple factors, with exposure to ultraviolet radiation being the most important. Strong circumstantial evidence supports the hypothesis that factors related to climate change, including stratospheric ozone depletion, global warming, and ambient air pollution, have likely contributed to the increasing incidence of cutaneous malignancy globally and will continue to impose a negative on influence skin cancer incidence for many decades to come. CONCLUSION Because much of the data are based on animal studies and computer simulations, establishing a direct and definitive link remains challenging. More epidemiologic studies are needed to prove causality in skin cancer, but the evidence for overall harm to human health as a direct result of climate change is clear. Global action to mitigate these negative impacts to humans and the environment is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rawlings Parker
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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11
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Harbo Poulsen A, Arthur Hvidtfeldt U, Sørensen M, Puett R, Ketzel M, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Geels C, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Components of particulate matter air-pollution and brain tumors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106046. [PMID: 32858469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is an established carcinogen. Evidence for an association with brain tumors is, however, inconclusive. We investigated if individual particulate matter constituents were associated with brain tumor risk. METHODS From comprehensive national registers, we identified all (n = 12 928) brain tumor cases, diagnosed in Denmark in the period 1989-2014, and selected 22 961 controls, matched on age, sex and year of birth. We established address histories and estimated 10-year mean residential outdoor concentrations of particulate matter < 2.5 µm, primarily emitted black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), and combined carbon (OC/BC), as well as secondary inorganic and organic PM air pollutants from a detailed dispersion model. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) per inter quartile range (IQR) exposure. We adjusted for income, marital and employment status as well as area-level socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Total tumors of the brain were associated with OC/BC (OR: 1.053, 95%CI: 1.005-1.103, per IQR). The data suggested strongest associations for malignant tumors with ORs per IQR for OC/BC, BC and OC of 1.063 (95% CI: 1.007-1.123), 1.036 (95% CI: 1.006-1.067) and 1.030 (95%CI: 0.979-1.085), respectively. The results did not indicate adverse effects of other PM components. CONCLUSIONS This large, population based study showed associations between primary emitted carbonaceous particles and risk for malignant brain tumors. As the first of its kind, this study needs replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robin Puett
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, MD, USA
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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12
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Qiu H, Bai CH, Chuang KJ, Fan YC, Chang TP, Yim SHL, Ho KF. Association of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons exposure with respiratory hospitalizations: A time series study in Taipei, Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139010. [PMID: 32361457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient hydrocarbons are important precursors of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. However, few studies have assessed the health impact of airborne hydrocarbons. We conducted this time series ecological study to evaluate the association of short-term airborne hydrocarbons exposure with hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, while controlling for co-exposure to criteria pollutants. Taipei air pollution and weather data for the period spanning from January 2010 to December 2017 were obtained from Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network. Subsequently, daily pollutant concentrations were linked with daily hospital admission counts for respiratory diseases into a time series data frame. The standard generalized additive Poisson model adjusted for temporal trends, seasonal variations, weather conditions, and calendar effects, was applied to examine the short-term associations of acute airborne hydrocarbon exposure with respiratory hospital admissions. Next, the robustness of the associations was tested using two-pollutant models with further adjustment for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants. The results demonstrated that an interquartile range increase in non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) exposure on lag0 day (0.15 ppm) was associated with a 0.86% (95% confidence interval: 0.37%-1.36%), 2.06% (0.77%-3.38%), and 1.25% (0.31%-2.20%) increment in all-respiratory-disease-, asthma-, and chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-linked hospital admissions, respectively. The associations were robust with further adjustment for co-exposure to PM2.5 and ozone. The acute effect estimate of methane on each respiratory category was sensitive to the co-pollutant adjustment and lost statistical significance in the two-pollutant models. In conclusion, we confirmed that airborne NMHC exposure increased the risk of respiratory-disease-related hospital admissions in Taipei; this information may aid in the regulation of hydrocarbon pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Fan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Pang Chang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve Hung-Lam Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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13
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Wang W, Xiong T, Zhang W, Luo B, Wang D, Jiang X, Rao Z, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Cheng H, Luo X, Fan M, Gong Z. Observation and analysis of VOCs in nine prefecture-level cities of Sichuan Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:511. [PMID: 32661736 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The observation and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted during January 2018 in nine prefecture-level cities of Sichuan, China, covering the period of heavily polluted weather. Air samples collected in nine prefecture-level cities were analyzed using a preconcentration method coupled with GC-MS/FID. The characteristics and ozone generation potential (OFP) of VOCs were analyzed. The relationship between air quality index (AQI) and VOCs and gross domestic product (GDP) and VOCs were also discussed, respectively. The results show that the characteristics of VOCs in cities are highly related to their industrial structure and GDP. Generally, areas with high AQI values are accompanied by high VOC concentrations. Alkanes and halocarbons were the most abundant VOCs in the atmospheric environment in the nine prefecture-level cities, accounting for 24.5~61.6% and 15.6~23.6% of total VOC concentration, respectively. The MIR method was used to analyze the OFP, and olefins contributed the most to ozone formation. Among the nine cities located in Sichuan, Dazhou was found to be the city with the highest OFP value (1191.49 μg/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Tingting Xiong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
- Sichuan Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China.
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Policy Research and Planning, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Xincheng Jiang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Zhihan Rao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
- Sichuan Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
- Sichuan Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Environmental Air Quality Monitoring in Environmental Protection Region of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610091, China.
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu, 611756, China.
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14
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Poulsen AH, Hvidtfeldt UA, Sørensen M, Puett R, Ketzel M, Brandt J, Geels C, Christensen JH, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Intracranial tumors of the central nervous system and air pollution - a nationwide case-control study from Denmark. Environ Health 2020; 19:81. [PMID: 32641060 PMCID: PMC7346389 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconclusive evidence has suggested a possible link between air pollution and central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We investigated a range of air pollutants in relation to types of CNS tumors. METHODS We identified all (n = 21,057) intracranial tumors in brain, meninges and cranial nerves diagnosed in Denmark between 1989 and 2014 and matched controls on age, sex and year of birth. We established personal 10-year mean residential outdoor exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrous oxides (NOX), primary emitted black carbon (BC) and ozone. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) linearly (per interquartile range (IQR)) and categorically. We accounted for personal income, employment, marital status, use of medication as well as socio-demographic conditions at area level. RESULTS Malignant tumors of the intracranial CNS was associated with BC (OR: 1.034, 95%CI: 1.005-1.065 per IQR. For NOx the OR per IQR was 1.026 (95%CI: 0.998-1.056). For malignant non-glioma tumors of the brain we found associations with PM2.5 (OR: 1.267, 95%CI: 1.053-1.524 per IQR), BC (OR: 1.049, 95%CI: 0.996-1.106) and NOx (OR: 1.051, 95% CI: 0.996-1.110). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that air pollution is associated with malignant intracranial CNS tumors and malignant non-glioma of the brain. However, additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslak Harbo Poulsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Robin Puett
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD USA
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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15
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Zheng Y, Zhao Q, Shan C, Lu S, Su Y, Han R, Song C, Ji N, Ma D, Liu Q. Enhanced Acetone Oxidation over the CeO 2/Co 3O 4 Catalyst Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28139-28147. [PMID: 32423199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel CeO2/Co3O4 catalyst with a high catalytic activity has been designed and prepared by pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks, and its catalytic performance was evaluated by the acetone catalytic oxidation reaction. The Co3O4-M catalyst with T90 at 194 °C was prepared by pyrolysis of the MOF-71 precursor, which was 56 °C lower than that of commercial Co3O4 (250 °C). By the addition of cerium to the MOF-71 precursor, an enhanced CeO2/Co3O4 catalyst with T90 at 180 °C was prepared. Importantly, the CeO2/Co3O4 catalyst exhibited superior stability for acetone oxidation. After 10 cycle tests, the conversion could also be maintained at 97% for at least 100 h with slight activity loss. Characterization studies were used to investigate the influence of cerium doping on the property of the catalyst. The results showed that addition of cerium could facilitate the expansion of the surface area and enhance the porous structure and reducibility at low temperature. Furthermore, the surface ratio of Co3+/Co2+ and mobile oxygen obviously improved with the addition of cerium. Therefore, the metal oxides prepared by this method have potential for the elimination of acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zheng
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Cangpeng Shan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuangchun Lu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yun Su
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rui Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Na Ji
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Degang Ma
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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16
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Gushchin AA, Grinevich VI, Kozlov AA, Izvekova TV, Kvitkova EY, Rybkin VV. Kinetics of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Decomposition in an Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Oxygen. HIGH ENERGY CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0018143920010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Vienne-Jumeau A, Tafani C, Ricard D. Environmental risk factors of primary brain tumors: A review. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:664-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Gali NK, Li G, Ning Z, Brimblecombe P. Diurnal trends in redox characteristics of water-soluble and -insoluble PM components. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112841. [PMID: 31369911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Densely populated cities with a compact urban built environment have concerns over health risks derived from high levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) exposure. Understanding the association between PM and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important step towards unravelling the mechanisms behind. This study investigated the role of time-integrated PM sampling on cellular toxicity mechanism on a diurnal scale. The sampling took place in a highly urbanized part of Hong Kong at two contrast roadside and background sites, with simultaneous solid-PM and semi-volatile-PM (SV-PM) collection in both summer and winter seasons. A sampling day consisted three sampling intervals of 6 h each - 04:00-10:00, 12:00-18:00 and 20:00-02:00 h, representing morning rush hours, afternoon and night periods, respectively. Water and organic extracts of PM were prepared, with and without filtration, and exposed to RAW264.7 and A549 cell lines on a dose and time-dependent manner. Solid-PM and SV-PM contribution to total PM2.5 mass concentration was 9:1, with much higher SV-PM fraction at roadside over urban background (p < 0.001, n = 36). Also, the SV-PM mass concentration increased by 10-20% during 20:00-02:00 h compared to morning and afternoon sampling periods. Organic PM extract was observed to cause 23-29% higher cell death compared to water-soluble PM, which is complemented with increased ROS production in both cell lines. The cellular damage caused by oxidative stress, determined from increased HO-1 and TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 was higher compared to the A549, which demonstrated the greater induction of toxicity from organic PM extract over soluble PM. Similarly, the SV-PM induced greater than 2-fold cellular ROS generation on PM mass basis compared to solid-PM. Lack of phagocytic action in A549 compared to RAW264.7 suggested novel toxicity routes for water-soluble and organic PM that can be expected to occur during human PM inhalation-bronchi-alveolar exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Peter Brimblecombe
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Indoor and Outdoor Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Health Risk Assessment in Residents Living near an Optoelectronics Industrial Park. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10070380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine indoor and outdoor levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to assess potential risks among residents living in the vicinity of an optoelectronics industrial park in 2006–2007. We used steel canisters to collect 72 indoor samples and 80 outdoor samples over 24 h. Gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector was used for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The amounts of time residents spent doing activities in different microenvironments were determined by the self-administered questionnaire. The chronic hazard index (HIc) and cancer risk were applied to assess the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of VOCs among residents. Four VOCs of ethanol (indoor: 77.8 ± 92.8 μg/m3; outdoor: 26.8 ± 49.6 μg/m3), toluene (67.0 ± 36.7 μg/m3; 56.9 ± 19.0 μg/m3), m/p-xylene (50.8 ± 66.1 μg/m3; 21.2 ± 20.3 μg/m3), and acetone (37.7 ± 27.5 μg/m3; 25.8 ± 9.8 μg/m3) were identified as dominant components in both the indoor and outdoor environments. Total VOCs and six VOCs of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, and ethanol in indoor sites were significantly higher than those in outdoor sites (all p-values < 0.05). All estimated HIc values were less than unity and the cancer risk of benzene exposure was 1.8 × 10−4 (range: 9.3 × 10−5 to 3.4 × 10−4) based on resident time-weighted patterns. Strategies to reduce benzene exposure should be implemented to protect public health.
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20
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Ryu HW, Song MY, Park JS, Kim JM, Jung SC, Song J, Kim BJ, Park YK. Removal of toluene using ozone at room temperature over mesoporous Mn/Al 2O 3 catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:649-657. [PMID: 30878736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of toluene with ozone at room temperature was carried out over hierarchically ordered mesoporous catalysts (CeO2 (meso), Mn2O3 (meso), ZrO2 (meso), and γ-Al2O3 (meso)) and Al2O3 with various textural properties and phases (γ-Al2O3 (meso), γ-Al2O3 (13 nm), and α-Al2O3) to examine the effects of the nature of the catalyst on the catalytic activity. The catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption measurements, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Among the ordered mesoporous catalysts, γ-Al2O3 (meso) had the highest toluene removal efficiency because of its highest surface area and pore volume, which in turn was selected for further investigation. Manganese (Mn) was introduced to various Al2O3 to improve the toluene removal efficiency. Comparing the Mn-loaded catalysts supported on various Al2O3 with different crystalline phases or pore structures, Mn/γ-Al2O3 (meso), had the highest catalytic activity as well as the highest CO2/CO ratio. The higher activity was attributed to the larger surface area, weaker interaction between Mn and Al2O3, and larger portion of Mn2O3 phase. The increase in ozone concentration led to an improvement in the carbon balance but this enhancement was insufficient due to the deposition of by-products on the catalyst. After long term tests at room temperature, the reaction intermediates and carbonaceous deposits of the used catalysts were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Won Ryu
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Song
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Man Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHyeon Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Research Laboratory for Multifunctional Carbon Materials, Korea Institute of Carbon Convergence Technology, Jeonju 54853, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Andersen ZJ, Pedersen M, Weinmayr G, Stafoggia M, Galassi C, Jørgensen JT, Sommar JN, Forsberg B, Olsson D, Oftedal B, Aasvang GM, Schwarze P, Pyko A, Pershagen G, Korek M, Faire UD, Östenson CG, Fratiglioni L, Eriksen KT, Poulsen AH, Tjønneland A, Bräuner EV, Peeters PH, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Jaensch A, Nagel G, Lang A, Wang M, Tsai MY, Grioni S, Marcon A, Krogh V, Ricceri F, Sacerdote C, Migliore E, Vermeulen R, Sokhi R, Keuken M, de Hoogh K, Beelen R, Vineis P, Cesaroni G, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of brain tumor: the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:420-432. [PMID: 29016987 PMCID: PMC5817954 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and brain tumor risk is sparse and inconsistent. Methods In 12 cohorts from 6 European countries, individual estimates of annual mean air pollution levels at the baseline residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5, ≤10, and 2.5–10 μm in diameter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance, nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations of air pollutant concentrations and traffic intensity with total, malignant, and nonmalignant brain tumor, in separate Cox regression models, adjusting for risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Results Of 282194 subjects from 12 cohorts, 466 developed malignant brain tumors during 12 years of follow-up. Six of the cohorts also had data on nonmalignant brain tumor, where among 106786 subjects, 366 developed brain tumor: 176 nonmalignant and 190 malignant. We found a positive, statistically nonsignificant association between malignant brain tumor and PM2.5 absorbance (hazard ratio and 95% CI: 1.67; 0.89–3.14 per 10–5/m3), and weak positive or null associations with the other pollutants. Hazard ratio for PM2.5 absorbance (1.01; 0.38–2.71 per 10–5/m3) and all other pollutants were lower for nonmalignant than for malignant brain tumors. Conclusion We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 absorbance indicating traffic-related air pollution and malignant brain tumors, and no association with overall or nonmalignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana J Andersen
- Center for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Center for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Local Health Unit ASL RM1, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Center for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan N Sommar
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David Olsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Per Schwarze
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrei Pyko
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michal Korek
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ulf De Faire
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten T Eriksen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aslak H Poulsen
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomarkers and Clinical Resreach in Eating Disorders, Ballerup Center for Mental Health Services, Capitol Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalt- Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrea Jaensch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Vorarlberg Cancer Registry, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Alois Lang
- Vorarlberg Cancer Registry, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ming-Yi Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy.,Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Migliore
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ranjeet Sokhi
- Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, UK
| | - Menno Keuken
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rob Beelen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Molecular end Epidemiology Unit, HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Local Health Unit ASL RM1, Rome, Italy
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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22
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Jin T, Zhou J, Lin HYG, Lin PT. Mid-Infrared Chalcogenide Waveguides for Real-Time and Nondestructive Volatile Organic Compound Detection. Anal Chem 2019; 91:817-822. [PMID: 30516952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mid-infrared (mid-IR) sensor chip was demonstrated for volatile organic compound (VOC) detection. The sensor consisted of As2Se3 optical waveguides built by microelectronic fabrication processes. The VOC sensing performance was characterized by measuring acetone and ethanol vapors at their characteristic C-H absorption from λ = 3.40 to 3.50 μm. Continuous VOC detection with <5 s response time was achieved by measuring the intensity attenuation of the waveguide mode. The miniaturized noninvasive VOC sensor can be applied to breath analysis and environmental toxin monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao-Yu Greg Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Systems , Harvard University , 11 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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23
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Hajizadeh Y, Teiri H, Nazmara S, Parseh I. Environmental and biological monitoring of exposures to VOCs in a petrochemical complex in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6656-6667. [PMID: 29260472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can cause cancers in human. This study aimed to measure the concentration of four VOCs including benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene, and phenol in ambient air of a petrochemical complex in Iran. Also, their urinary metabolites including phenol, mandelic acid (MA), and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in the workers were monitored. Urine samples were collected before and after the 8-h workshift according to the NIOSH methods. They were analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). High levels of the ambient VOCs were detected in the units of recovery and olefin. The levels of ethylbenzene and phenol were less than the guidelines suggested by NIOSH and ACGIH. However, in some cases, the amounts of benzene and styrene were higher than the guidelines. Excellent positive correlations were observed between VOCs exposure and their urinary metabolites (r 2 > 0.90), except for benzene (r 2 = 0.26). Our finding verified that urinary biomarkers can be applied as bioindicators for ambient exposure to VOCs. There is a risk of exposure to high levels of the pollutants in some of the sites, and it is necessary to adopt some preventive measures to reduce health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Teiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz boulevard, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Parseh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan, Iran.
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24
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Menghi R, Ceccacci S, Papetti A, Marconi M, Germani M. A method to estimate the total VOC emission of furniture products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Sun Y, Zheng T, Zhang G, Zheng Y, Wang P. Effect and mechanism of microwave-activated ultraviolet-advanced oxidation technology for adsorbent regeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:290-298. [PMID: 29034423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To decrease the secondary pollution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during adsorbent regeneration by microwave, electrodeless lamp was added in the microwave field to oxidize VOCs in the gas phase. Ultraviolet has a significant improvement on mineralization of VOCs generated from adsorbate during adsorbent regeneration. However, the mechanism and main influence factors on the degradation of VOCs are not clear. The effect of microwave power, regeneration time, airflow rate, and humidity content on the mineralization of adsorbed tetracycline during adsorbent regeneration was studied. Ozone concentration and ultraviolet irradiation intensity were also measured to analyze the mechanism of the microwave-ultraviolet adsorbent regeneration method. Although the electrodeless lamp adsorbed microwave and competed with the regenerated adsorbent, the mineralization percentage of tetracycline increased about 10% with the presence of electrodeless lamp at the same microwave power supply. Besides, humidity content also takes an important role on enhancing the mineralization of tetracycline. The mineralization of tetracycline in the microwave-ultraviolet field consists of three major parts: pyrolysis, ozone oxidation, and free radical oxidation. More than 50% adsorbed tetracycline can be oxidized into H2O and CO2 during regeneration in 5 min. These results support the potential use of electrodeless lamp to treat VOCs in the gas phase to decrease the risk of secondary pollution during adsorbent regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Sun
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Guangshan Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yunli Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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26
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Fetterman JL, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. Mitochondrial toxicity of tobacco smoke and air pollution. Toxicology 2017; 391:18-33. [PMID: 28838641 PMCID: PMC5681398 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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27
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Cicalese L, Raun L, Shirafkan A, Campos L, Zorzi D, Montalbano M, Rhoads C, Gazis V, Ensor K, Rastellini C. An Ecological Study of the Association between Air Pollution and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in Texas. Liver Cancer 2017; 6:287-296. [PMID: 29234632 PMCID: PMC5704712 DOI: 10.1159/000475776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary liver cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related death in both the United States and the world at large. Hepatocellular carcinoma comprises 90% of these primary liver cancers and has numerous known etiologies. Evaluation of these identified etiologies and other traditional risk factors cannot explain the high incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma in Texas. Texas is home to the second largest petrochemical industry and agricultural industry in the nation; industrial activity and exposure to pathogenic chemicals have never been assessed as potential links to the state's increased incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The association between the county-level concentrations of 4 air pollutants known to be linked to liver cancer, vinyl chloride, arsenic, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene, and hepatocellular carcinoma rates was evaluated using nonparametric generalized additive logistic regression and gamma regression models. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rates for 2000-2013 were evaluated in comparison to 1996 and 1999 pollution concentrations and hepatocellular carcinoma rates for the subset of 2006-2013 were evaluated in comparison to 2002 and 2005 pollution concentrations, respectively. RESULTS The analysis indicates that the relationship between the incidence of liver cancer and air pollution and risk factors is nonlinear. There is a consistent significant positive association between the incidence of liver cancer and hepatitis C prevalence rates (gamma all years, p < 0.05) and vinyl chloride concentrations (logistic 2002 and 2005, p < 0.0001; gamma 2002 and 2005, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that vinyl chloride is a significant contributor to the incidence of liver cancer in Texas. The relationship is notably nonlinear. Further, the study supports the association between incidence of liver cancer and prevalence of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cicalese
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,*Luca Cicalese, MD, PhD, FACS, Professor of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0536 (USA), E-Mail
| | - Loren Raun
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ali Shirafkan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura Campos
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daria Zorzi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauro Montalbano
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Colin Rhoads
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Valia Gazis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine Ensor
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristiana Rastellini
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,Department of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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28
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Barth SK, Dursa EK, Bossarte RM, Schneiderman AI. Trends in brain cancer mortality among U.S. Gulf War veterans: 21 year follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 50:22-29. [PMID: 28780478 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous mortality studies of U.S. Gulf War veterans through 2000 and 2004 have shown an increased risk of brain cancer mortality among some deployed individuals. When veterans possibly exposed to environmental contaminants associated with demolition of the Khamisiyah Ammunition Storage Facility at Khamisiyah, Iraq, have been compared to contemporaneously deployed unexposed veterans, the results have suggested increased risk for mortality from brain cancer among the exposed. Brain cancer mortality risk in this cohort has not been updated since 2004. METHODS This study analyzes the risk for brain cancer mortality between 1991-2011 through two series of comparisons: U.S. Gulf War deployed and non-deployed veterans from the same era; and veterans possibly exposed to environmental contaminants at Khamisiyah compared to contemporaneously deployed but unexposed U.S. Gulf War veterans. Risk of brain cancer mortality was determined using logistic regression. Life test hazard models were created to plot comparisons of annual hazard rates. Joinpoint regression models were applied to assess trends in hazard rates for brain cancer mortality. RESULTS U.S. Army veterans possibly exposed at Khamisiyah had similar rates of brain cancer mortality compared to those not possibly exposed; however, veterans possibly exposed had a higher risk of brain cancer in the time period immediately following the Gulf War. CONCLUSION Results from these analyses suggest that veterans possibly exposed at Khamisiyah experienced different patterns of brain cancer mortality risk compared to the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K Barth
- VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, USA; West Virginia University Injury Control Research Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Erin K Dursa
- Post Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
| | - Robert M Bossarte
- VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, USA; West Virginia University Injury Control Research Center and Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aaron I Schneiderman
- Post Deployment Health Epidemiology Program, Office of Patient Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, USA
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29
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Cancer Incidence Rate in the Elderly Inhabitants of Tehran: Is there Really any Cluster? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Zhang H, Lin L, Liu D, Chen Q, Wu J. Optical nose based on porous silicon photonic crystal infiltrated with ionic liquids. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 953:71-78. [PMID: 28010745 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A photonic-nose for the detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was constructed. Each sensing element on the photonic sensor array was formed by infiltrating a specific type of ionic liquid (IL) into the pore channel of a patterned porous silicon (PSi) chip. Upon exposure to VOC, the density of IL dramatically decreased due to the nano-confinement effect. As a result, the IL located in pore channel expanded its volume and protrude out of the pore channel, leading to the formation of microdroplets on the PSi surface. These VOC-stimulated microdroplets could scatter the light reflected from the PSi rugate filter, thereby producing an optical response to VOC. The intensity of the optical response produced by IL/PSi sensor mainly depends on the size and shape of microdroplets, which is related to the concentration of VOC and the physi-chemical propertied of ILs. For ethanol vapor, the optical response has linear relationship with its relative vapor pressure within 0-60%. The LOD of the IL/PSi sensor for ethanol detection is calculated to be 1.3 ppm. It takes around 30 s to reach a full optical response, while the time for recovery is less than 1 min. In addition, the sensor displayed good stability and reproducibility. Owing to the different molecular interaction between IL and VOC, the ILs/PSi sensor array can generate a unique cross-reactive "fingerprint" in response to a specific type of VOC analyte. With the assistance of image technologies and principle components analysis (PCA), rapid discrimination of VOC analyte could be achieved based on the pattern recognition of photonic sensor array. The technology established in this work allows monitoring in-door air pollution in a visualized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhang
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3100058, China; Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Leimiao Lin
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3100058, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3100058, China
| | - Qiaofen Chen
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3100058, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Microanalytical System, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 3100058, China.
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31
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Jørgensen JT, Johansen MS, Ravnskjær L, Andersen KK, Bräuner EV, Loft S, Ketzel M, Becker T, Brandt J, Hertel O, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of brain tumours: The Danish Nurse Cohort. Neurotoxicology 2016; 55:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Xiao H, Tan F, Goovaerts P, Adunlin G, Ali AA, Gwede CK, Huang Y. Impact of Comorbidities on Prostate Cancer Stage at Diagnosis in Florida. Am J Mens Health 2016; 10:285-95. [PMID: 25542838 PMCID: PMC4483149 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314564593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the association of major types of comorbidity with late-stage prostate cancer, a random sample of 11,083 men diagnosed with prostate cancer during 2002-2007 was taken from the Florida Cancer Data System. Individual-level covariates included demographics, primary insurance payer, and comorbidity following the Elixhauser Index. Socioeconomic variables were extracted from Census 2000 data and merged to the individual level data. Provider-to-case ratio at county level was alsocomputed. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess associations between these factors and late-stage diagnosis of prostate cancer. Higher odds of late-stage diagnosis was significantly related to presence of comorbidities, being unmarried, current smoker, uninsured, and diagnosed in not-for-profit hospitals. The study reported that the presence of certain comorbidities, specifically 10 out of the 45, was associated with late-stage prostate cancer diagnosis. Eight out of 10 significant comorbid conditions were associated with greater risk of being diagnosed at late-stage prostate cancer. On the other hand, men who had chronic pulmonary disease, and solid tumor without metastasis, were less likely to be diagnosed with late-stage prostate cancer. Late-stage diagnosis was associated with comorbidity, which is often associated with increased health care utilization. The association of comorbidity with late-stage prostate cancer diagnosis suggests that individuals with significant comorbidity should be offered routine screening for prostate cancer rather than focusing only on managing symptomatic health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Fei Tan
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Youjie Huang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, GA
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33
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Poulsen AH, Sørensen M, Andersen ZJ, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Air pollution from traffic and risk for brain tumors: a nationwide study in Denmark. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:473-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang CZ, Zhao WX, Shen FF, Zhang YQ, Zhu QJ, Xiao X, Tao Z. Methyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril-based microporous supramolecular frameworks for highly selective Et2O/CH3OH adsorption. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02414e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Singkammo S, Wisitsoraat A, Sriprachuabwong C, Tuantranont A, Phanichphant S, Liewhiran C. Electrolytically exfoliated graphene-loaded flame-made Ni-doped SnO2 composite film for acetone sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3077-92. [PMID: 25602118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, flame-spray-made SnO2 nanoparticles are systematically studied by doping with 0.1-2 wt % nickel (Ni) and loading with 0.1-5 wt % electrolytically exfoliated graphene for acetone-sensing applications. The sensing films (∼12-18 μm in thickness) were prepared by a spin-coating technique on Au/Al2O3 substrates and evaluated for acetone-sensing performances at operating temperatures ranging from 150 to 350 °C in dry air. Characterizations by X-ray diffraction, transmission/scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that Ni-doped SnO2 nanostructures had a spheriodal morphology with a polycrystalline tetragonal SnO2 phase, and Ni was confirmed to form a solid solution with SnO2 lattice while graphene in the sensing film after annealing and testing still retained its high-quality nonoxidized form. Gas-sensing results showed that SnO2 sensing film with 0.1 wt % Ni-doping concentration exhibited an optimal response of 54.2 and a short response time of ∼13 s toward 200 ppm acetone at an optimal operating temperature of 350 °C. The additional loading of graphene at 5 wt % into 0.1 wt % Ni-doped SnO2 led to a drastic response enhancement to 169.7 with a very short response time of ∼5.4 s at 200 ppm acetone and 350 °C. The superior gas sensing performances of Ni-doped SnO2 nanoparticles loaded with graphene may be attributed to the large specific surface area of the composite structure, specifically the high interaction rate between acetone vapor and graphene-Ni-doped SnO2 nanoparticles interfaces and high electronic conductivity of graphene. Therefore, the 5 wt % graphene loaded 0.1 wt % Ni-doped SnO2 sensor is a promising candidate for fast, sensitive and selective detection of acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparat Singkammo
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand
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Colman Lerner JE, Peluso MA, Porta A, Thomas HJ, Sambeth JE. Catalytic removal of a mixture of volatile organic compounds present in indoor air at various work sites over Pt, MnOx and Pt/MnOx supported monoliths. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Zhang Y, Qiu J, Hu R, Li P, Gao L, Heng L, Tang BZ, Jiang L. A visual and organic vapor sensitive photonic crystal sensor consisting of polymer-infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9651-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp06019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylethene polymer-infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal can detect tetrahydrofuran/acetones vapors according to the color change, which is resulted from the adsorption–desorption of vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yan'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yan'an
- P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yan'an
- P. R. China
| | - Loujun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yan'an University
- Yan'an
- P. R. China
| | - Liping Heng
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- P. R. China
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Gupta KN, Rao NJ, Agarwal GK. Gaseous Phase Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds on Granular Activated Carbon. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2013.840827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hendryx M, Luo J, Chen BC. Total and cardiovascular mortality rates in relation to discharges from Toxics Release Inventory sites in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:36-41. [PMID: 24906066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) discharges in association with covariate-adjusted total and cardiovascular mortality rates for males and females in US counties. METHODS Average annual county-level reported releases from TRI facilities measured in pounds per square mile which were calculated for the years 1990-1999, and tested for associations with age-adjusted mortality rates for 2006-2010. Chemicals were grouped into four categories: 1) carcinogens, 2) metals, 3) hazardous air pollutants, and 4) chemicals in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. For each of these chemical groups the reported total, water, and air emissions were measured. Age-adjusted mortality rates were found separately for males and females from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for total and cardiovascular disease. Covariates included rates of smoking, obesity, high school and college education, race/ethnicity, poverty, unemployment, percent without health insurance, and urban-rural setting. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Greater average annual TRI releases in 1990-1999 in all four chemical categories were significantly associated with higher mortality rates in 2006-2010 for both total and cardiovascular mortality, and for both males and females, adjusted for covariates. Associations were stronger for air releases than for water releases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that greater amounts of TRI releases are related to higher population mortality rates for cardiovascular disease. In addition, the study showed that adverse TRI effects were broadly present for both males and females for multiple chemical groups. Further progress is needed to reduce the use and release of harmful chemicals from TRI facilities in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hendryx
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Bo-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Emission of volatile organic compounds from medical equipment inside neonatal incubators. J Perinatol 2014; 34:624-8. [PMID: 24762411 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plastic medical equipment within an incubator. STUDY DESIGN Air samples from incubators before and after adding medical equipment were analyzed using EPA TO-15 methodology. Headspace analysis was used to identify VOC emissions from each medical equipment item. Air changes per hour (ACH) of each incubator were determined and used to calculate the emission rate of identified VOCs. RESULTS Cyclohexanone was identified in all incubator air samples. At 28 °C, the mean concentration before and after adding medical equipment items was 2.1 ± 0.6 and 57.2 ± 14.9 μg m(-3),respectively (P<0.01). Concentrations increased to a mean of 83.8 ± 23.8 μg m(-)(3) (P<0.01) at 37(o)C and 93.0 ± 45.1 μg m(-)(3) (P=0.39) after adding 50% humidity. Intravenous tubing contributed 89% of cyclohexanone emissions. ACH were determined with access doors closed and open with means of 11.5 ± 1.7 and 44.1 ± 6.7 h(-1), respectively. Cyclohexanone emission rate increased from a mean of 102.2 μg h(-1) at 28(°C to 148.8 μg h(-1) (P<0.01) at 37 °C. CONCLUSION Cyclohexanone was quantified in all incubator air samples containing plastic medical equipment. The concentration of cyclohexanone within the incubator was inversely related to ACH in the closed mode. The cyclohexanone concentration as well as the emission rate increased with higher temperature.
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Wan Y, Guan J, Yang X, Zheng Q, Xu Z. The mechanism of selective molecular capture in carbon nanotube networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14894-8. [PMID: 24930667 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00514g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, air pollution issues have drawn significant attention to the development of efficient air filters, and one of the most promising materials for this purpose is nanofibers. We explore here the mechanism of selective molecular capture of volatile organic compounds in carbon nanotube networks by performing atomistic simulations. The results are discussed with respect to the two key parameters that define the performance of nanofiltration, i.e. the capture efficiency and flow resistance, which demonstrate the advantages of carbon nanotube networks with high surface-to-volume ratio and atomistically smooth surfaces. We also reveal the important roles of interfacial adhesion and diffusion that govern selective gas transport through the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wan
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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42
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Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Gao X, Yang J, Wang Y. Fabrication of porous α-Fe2O3nanoshuttles and their application for toluene sensors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Scheurer ME, Danysh HE, Follen M, Lupo PJ. Association of traffic-related hazardous air pollutants and cervical dysplasia in an urban multiethnic population: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2014; 13:52. [PMID: 24924773 PMCID: PMC4063240 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary cause in the development of cervical cancer; however, not all women infected with HPV develop cervical cancer indicating that other risk factors are involved. Our objective was to determine the association between exposure to ambient levels of common traffic-related air toxics and cervical dysplasia, a precursor lesion for cervical cancer. METHODS The study sample consisted of women enrolled in a Phase II clinical trial to evaluate diagnostic techniques for cervical disease in Houston, Texas. The current assessment is a secondary data analysis in which cases were defined as women diagnosed with cervical dysplasia, while those without cervical dysplasia served as controls. Residential census tract-level estimates of ambient benzene, diesel particulate matter (DPM), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used to assess exposure. Census tract-level pollutant estimates were obtained from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, and HPV status. RESULTS Women in the highest residential exposure categories for benzene and DPM had an increased prevalence of cervical dysplasia compared to the lowest exposure category (Benzene: aOR [95% CI] for high exposure = 1.97[1.07-3.62], very high exposure = 2.30[1.19-4.46]. DPM: aOR [95% CI] for high exposure = 2.83[1.55-5.16], very high exposure = 2.10[1.07-4.11]). Similarly, women with high residential exposure to PAHs had an increased prevalence of cervical dysplasia (aOR [95% CI] = 2.46[1.35-4.48]). The highest PAH exposure category was also positively associated with cervical dysplasia prevalence but was not statistically significant. Assessment of the combined effect of HAP exposure indicates that exposure to high levels of more than one HAP is positively associated with cervical dysplasia prevalence (p for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Traffic-related HAPs, such as benzene, DPM, and PAHs, are not as well-regulated and monitored as criteria air pollutants (e.g., ozone), underscoring the need for studies evaluating the role of these toxicants on disease risk. Our results suggest that exposure to traffic-related air toxics may increase cervical dysplasia prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather E Danysh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michele Follen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Leclercq J, Giraud F, Bianchi D, Fiaty K, Gaillard F. New catalytic system for oxidation of isopropyl alcohol with thin film catalysts. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Carpenter DO, Bushkin-Bedient S. Exposure to chemicals and radiation during childhood and risk for cancer later in life. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:S21-9. [PMID: 23601608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many chemical carcinogens are in food, water, air, household products, and personal care products. Although genetic susceptibility is an important factor in how an individual responds to exposure to a carcinogen, heritable genetic factors alone account for only a minor portion of cancer rates. METHODS We review the evidence that early life exposure to carcinogenic chemicals and ionizing radiation results in elevations in cancer later in life. RESULTS Because cells are rapidly dividing and organ systems are developing during childhood and adolescence, exposure to carcinogens during these early life stages is a major risk factor for cancer later in life. Because young people have many expected years of life, the clinical manifestations of cancers caused by carcinogens have more time in which to develop during characteristically long latency periods. Many chemical carcinogens persist in the body for decades and increase risk for all types of cancers. Carcinogens may act via mutagenic, nonmutagenic, or epigenetic mechanisms and may also result from disruption of endocrine systems. The problem is magnified by the fact that many chemical carcinogens have become an integral part of our food and water supply and are in air and the general environment. CONCLUSIONS The early life onset of a lifelong exposure to mixtures of multiple environmental chemical carcinogens and radiation contributes significantly to the etiology of cancer in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York 12144-3429, USA.
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Nandajan PC, Neelakandan PP, Ramaiah D. Interplay of monomer, intra- and intermolecular excimer fluorescence in cyclophanes and selective recognition of methanol vapours. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra21678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hendryx M, Luo J. Cancer hospitalizations in rural-urban areas in relation to carcinogenic discharges from Toxics Release Inventory facilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2012; 23:155-169. [PMID: 22838640 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2012.708919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines whether carcinogenic pollutants discharged from US Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) facilities are related to cancer hospitalization rates among the general population in rural and urban areas. We analyzed cancer hospitalizations (N = 440,061) across 20 states to find age- and sex-adjusted population cancer hospitalization rates. Multiple regression models were used to determine whether cancer hospitalization rates at the county level (N = 1102 counties) were associated with higher levels of carcinogenic discharges from TRI facilities, controlling for other risks. Significantly higher hospitalization rates were found in relation to higher TRI discharges for several cancer types that varied from urban to rural setting. Carcinogenic discharges from TRI facilities were associated with excess inpatient cancer treatment costs of $902.8 million in 2009. Future research may strive to move beyond ecological designs to examine cancer risks from TRI releases to better our understanding of cancer etiology and to establish appropriate environmental safeguards as indicated by the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hendryx
- Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Huang J, Xu X, Gu C, Yao S, Sun Y, Liu J. Large-scale selective preparation of porous SnO2 3D architectures and their gas-sensing property. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boucher D, Laffaire JB, Jaziri F, David C, Biderre-Petit C, Duquenne P, Peyretaillade E, Peyret P. Bacterial community composition of biological degreasing systems and health risk assessment for workers. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 62:868-881. [PMID: 21698403 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biological degreasing system is a new technology based on the degradation capabilities of microorganisms to remove oil, grease, or lubricants from metal parts. No data is available about the potential biological health hazards in such system. Thus, a health risk assessment linked to the bacterial populations present in this new degreasing technology is, therefore, necessary for workers. We performed both cultural and molecular approaches in several biological degreasing systems for various industrial contexts to investigate the composition and dynamics of bacterial populations. These biological degreasing systems did not work with the original bacterial populations. Indeed, they were colonized by a defined and restricted group of bacteria. This group replaced the indigenous bacterial populations known for degrading complex substrates. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pantoea agglomerans were important members of the microflora found in most of the biological degreasing systems. These bacteria might represent a potential health hazard for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Boucher
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire: Microorganismes Génome et Environnement (LMGE), BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Hvidberg M, Jensen SS, Ketzel M, Sørensen M, Hansen J, Loft S, Overvad K, Tjønneland A. Air pollution from traffic and cancer incidence: a Danish cohort study. Environ Health 2011; 10:67. [PMID: 21771295 PMCID: PMC3157417 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vehicle engine exhaust includes ultrafine particles with a large surface area and containing absorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, transition metals and other substances. Ultrafine particles and soluble chemicals can be transported from the airways to other organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and brain. Our aim was to investigate whether air pollution from traffic is associated with risk for other cancers than lung cancer. METHODS We followed up 54,304 participants in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort for 20 selected cancers in the Danish Cancer Registry, from enrolment in 1993-1997 until 2006, and traced their residential addresses from 1971 onwards in the Central Population Registry. We used modeled concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and amount of traffic at the residence as indicators of traffic-related air pollution and used Cox models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS NO(x) at the residence was significantly associated with risks for cervical cancer (IRR, 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01;5.93, per 100 μg/m(3) NO(x)) and brain cancer (IRR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.25;4.19, per 100 μg/m(3) NO(x)). CONCLUSIONS This hypothesis-generating study indicates that traffic-related air pollution might increase the risks for cervical and brain cancer, which should be tested in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Hvidberg
- Department for Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Steen S Jensen
- Department for Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department for Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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