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van den Heever L, Naidoo V, Coetzer T, Eyssen L, Hewlett J, Smit-Robinson HA, McKechnie AE. Sub-lethal impacts of lead poisoning on blood biochemistry, immune function and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity in Cape (Gyps coprotheres) and white-backed (G. africanus) Vulture chicks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117926. [PMID: 38104912 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of lead poisoning in southern Africa's Gyps vultures is now well-established, its finer physiological effects on these endangered species remain poorly characterised. We evaluated the sub-lethal impact of acute lead exposure on Cape and White-backed Vulture chicks from two breeding colonies in South Africa, by analysing its possible effects on key blood biochemistry parameters, immune function, packed cell volume and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity. All 37 White-backed Vulture nestlings sampled displayed elevated lead levels (>10 μg/dL), and seven had blood [Pb] >100 μg/dL. Eight of 28 Cape Vulture nestlings sampled had blood [Pb] exceeding background exposure, with one showing blood [Pb] >100 μg/dL. Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity was significantly and negatively related to blood [Pb] in nestlings from both species, with 50% inhibition of the enzyme predicted to occur at blood [Pb] = 52.8 μg/dL (White-backed Vulture) and 18.8 μg/dL (Cape Vulture). Although no significant relationship was found between % packed cell volume (PCV) and blood [Pb], the relatively lower mean PCV of 32.9% in White-backed Vulture chicks, combined with normal serum protein values, is likely indicative of depression or haemolytic anaemia. The leukogram was consistent in both species, although the presence of immature heterophils suggested an inflammatory response in White-backed Vulture chicks with blood [Pb] >100 μg/dL. Values for cholesterol, triglycerides, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were consistent with values previously reported. Calcium and phosphorus concentrations suggested no adverse effects on bone metabolism. A significant decrease in urea: uric acid (U:UA) ratio at blood [Pb] >100 μg/dL in White-backed Vulture chicks, brought about by a decrease in urea production, raises the possibility of hepatic abnormality. These results suggest that δ-ALAD activity may serve as a sensitive biomarker of lead toxicity in both species, while highlighting the need to better understand the significant variability in sensitivity that is observed, even between closely related members of the same genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van den Heever
- Conservation Division, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Theresa Coetzer
- Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Lauren Eyssen
- Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jennie Hewlett
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hanneline A Smit-Robinson
- Conservation Division, BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa; Applied Behavioural Ecological & Ecosystem Research Unit (ABEERU), UNISA, Florida, South Africa
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Nzabanita D, Mulder RA, Lettoof DC, Grist S, Hampton JO, Hufschmid J, Nugegoda D. Interactions Between Heavy Metal Exposure and Blood Biochemistry in an Urban Population of the Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) in Australia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 86:178-186. [PMID: 38383776 PMCID: PMC10904524 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-024-01055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the threat posed to wildlife by pollutants. Waterbirds are robust bioindicators of ecosystem health, and metal toxicity is a threat to these species in waterways worldwide. Urban waterbirds are likely to be at the highest risk of heavy metal exposure, but this issue has not been widely explored in Australia. Our aim was to estimate contemporary heavy metal exposure in a sedentary urban waterbird population: black swans (Cygnus atratus) inhabiting an inner-city wetland in one of Australia's largest cities, Melbourne. To investigate the physiological implications of legacy heavy metal exposure in these birds, we quantified blood biochemistry profiles and examined their relationships with metal concentrations in feathers. We caught 15 swans in 2021 and took feather samples to measure the concentration of eight heavy metals (chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)), and blood samples to measure the concentration of 13 plasma analytes. Multivariate regression analysis revealed few associations between heavy metals and biochemistry markers, and no differences between sexes or age classes. This study presents a baseline dataset of these contaminants and blood biochemical profiles of swans at this wetland that can be used for future monitoring and is an important step toward a better understanding of the threat posed by heavy metals to Australian urban waterbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Nzabanita
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Damian C Lettoof
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Stephen Grist
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Jordan O Hampton
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia.
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Jasmin Hufschmid
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Stalwick JA, Ratelle M, Gurney KEB, Drysdale M, Lazarescu C, Comte J, Laird B, Skinner K. Sources of exposure to lead in Arctic and subarctic regions: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2023; 82:2208810. [PMID: 37196187 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2208810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding lead exposure pathways is a priority because of its ubiquitous presence in the environment as well as the potential health risks. We aimed to identify potential lead sources and pathways of lead exposure, including long-range transport, and the magnitude of exposure in Arctic and subarctic communities. A scoping review strategy and screening approach was used to search literature from January 2000 to December 2020. A total of 228 academic and grey literature references were synthesised. The majority of these studies (54%) were from Canada. Indigenous people in Arctic and subarctic communities in Canada had higher levels of lead than the rest of Canada. The majority of studies in all Arctic countries reported at least some individuals above the level of concern. Lead levels were influenced by a number of factors including using lead ammunition to harvest traditional food and living in close proximity to mines. Lead levels in water, soil, and sediment were generally low. Literature showed the possibility of long-range transport via migratory birds. Household lead sources included lead-based paint, dust, or tap water. This literature review will help to inform management strategies for communities, researchers, and governments, with the aim of decreasing lead exposure in northern regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn A Stalwick
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mylène Ratelle
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kirsty E B Gurney
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mallory Drysdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Calin Lazarescu
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Eau Terre Environnement Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Brian Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Kucharska K, Binkowski ŁJ, Dudzik K, Barker J, Barton S, Rupérez D, Hahn A. Temporal and spatial trends in lead levels in the blood and down of Black Stork nestlings in central Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165758. [PMID: 37495121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Young birds at an intensive growth stage are especially vulnerable to the deleterious effects of contaminants such as lead (Pb). This element negatively influences organs, development and even behavior, which can consequently lead to lower survival and reproductive success of the population. There was a suspicion that these mechanisms, along with other factors, retarded population growth of the Black Stork - still a heavily understudied species in respect to pollution, especially Pb. Therefore, we undertook a study concerning Pb concentrations in the down and blood of Black Stork nestlings from breeding grounds in central and southern Poland (Europe). To investigate the effects of Pb exposure on nestling condition, scale mass index and reduced glutathione levels were also studied, but results indicated that Pb did not influence either of these parameters. The highest blood Pb concentration reached 0.247 μg/g, while the highest down Pb concentrations was significantly higher reaching 4.95 μg/g. Concentrations in blood and down were not correlated with each other. Nest location and year of sampling were not influential for blood but were influential for down Pb concentrations. Relationships between Pb concentrations, habitat characteristics and proximity to emitters were not significant. Overall Pb concentrations in Black Stork nestlings were below the toxicity threshold and did not have negative effects on specimens studied. They were probably related to maternal exposure during migration, on stopover and breeding grounds as well as with food provided by parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kucharska
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Łukasz J Binkowski
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Dudzik
- Eagle Conservation Committee, K. Jagiellończyka 45, 10-062 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK.
| | - Stephen Barton
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK.
| | - David Rupérez
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK.
| | - Andreas Hahn
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK.
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Campos S, Leite C, Pinto J, Henriques B, Soares AMVM, Conradi M, Pereira E, Freitas R. Behavioural and biochemical responses of the sea snail Tritia reticulata to lithium concentration gradient. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 261:106629. [PMID: 37459717 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is present in many modern technologies, most notably in rechargeable batteries. Inefficient recycling strategies for electronic waste containing this element may result in its release into aquatic systems, which may induce harmful effects on wildlife. The present study evaluated the effect of Li contamination on the gastropod Tritia reticulata exposed to different concentrations of Li (100, 200, 500 and 1000 µg L-1) for 21 days. Biochemical analyses showed that this species was not significantly affected by this contaminant at the cellular level, as no significant differences were observed in terms of metabolism, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity. Results further revealed that snails attempted to avoid Li accumulation by burying in the sediment at a faster rate when exposed to the highest concentrations (500 and 1000 µg L-1). More research is needed to fully assess the response of T. reticulata to Li contamination, such as investigating longer exposure periods or other endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Campos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Leite
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Conradi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lima GDS, Menegario AA, Suarez CA, Kamazuka SH, Gemeiner H, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ferioli RB, Barreto AS. Pelagic and estuarine birds as sentinels of metal(loid)s in the South Atlantic Ocean: Ecological niches as main factors acting on bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121452. [PMID: 36958663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Activities related to the offshore exploration and production of oil and natural gas provide economic development and an essential energy source. However, besides the risk of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, these activities can also be sources of metals and metalloids for marine organism contamination. In this research, we evaluated the potential use of two pelagic (black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris and yellow-nosed albatross T. chlororhynchos) and one estuarine bird species (neotropical cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus) as sentinels of contamination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn, Ni, Ba, V, and Hg in an area under influence of oil and gas activities. The analyses were carried out in samples collected from 2015 to 2022 from 97 individuals. A factor alert; an adaptation from the contamination factor is proposed to identify individuals with high concentrations that possibly suffered contamination by anthropogenic origin. Grouping all species, the metal(loid)s with the highest concentrations were in decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > As > Cd > Mo > V > Cr > Ba > Ni > Pb. Similar concentrations were observed for V, Mn, Cr and Pb among the three species. Pelagic birds showed higher levels of concentrations for Hg, As and Cd. Based on the correlations and multivariate analysis performed, the results indicate that the ecological niche factor has greater relevance in the bioaccumulation of these elements compared to the habitat. Although some individuals showed high concentrations in part of the trace elements, suggesting exposure to anthropic sources, the direct influence of oil production and exploration activities was not observed, suggesting that activities on the continent are the primary contamination source. The results of this work highlight the role of seabirds as sentinels for metal(loid)s, contributing to the knowledge of the occurrence of contaminants in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dos Santos Lima
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antonio Menegario
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alfredo Suarez
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Harumi Kamazuka
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Hendryk Gemeiner
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Basin Studies Laboratory (LEBAC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Maria Sánchez-Sarmiento
- Argonauta Institute for Coastal and Marine Conservation, Av. Governador Abreu Sodré, 1067, 11695-240, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Beneton Ferioli
- Argonauta Institute for Coastal and Marine Conservation, Av. Governador Abreu Sodré, 1067, 11695-240, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Silva Barreto
- Biodiversity Informatics and Geomatic Laboratory (LIBGeo), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Han B, van den Berg H, Loonen MJ, Mateo R, van den Brink NW. Mercury-Modulated Immune Responses in Arctic Barnacle Goslings ( Branta leucopsis) upon a Viral-Like Immune Challenge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5337-5348. [PMID: 36940419 PMCID: PMC10077589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Historical mining activities in Svalbard (79°N/12°E) have caused local mercury (Hg) contamination. To address the potential immunomodulatory effects of environmental Hg on Arctic organisms, we collected newborn barnacle goslings (Branta leucopsis) and herded them in either a control or mining site, differing in Hg levels. An additional group at the mining site was exposed to extra inorganic Hg(II) via supplementary feed. Hepatic total Hg concentrations differed significantly between the control (0.011 ± 0.002 mg/kg dw), mine (0.043 ± 0.011 mg/kg dw), and supplementary feed (0.713 ± 0.137 mg/kg dw) gosling groups (average ± standard deviation). Upon immune challenge with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection, endpoints for immune responses and oxidative stress were measured after 24 h. Our results indicated that Hg exposure modulated the immune responses in Arctic barnacle goslings upon a viral-like immune challenge. Increased exposure to both environmental as well as supplemental Hg reduced the level of natural antibodies, suggesting impaired humoral immunity. Hg exposure upregulated the expression of proinflammatory genes in the spleen, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin 18 (IL18), suggesting Hg-induced inflammatory effects. Exposure to Hg also oxidized glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG); however, goslings were capable of maintaining the redox balance by de novo synthesis of GSH. These adverse effects on the immune responses indicated that even exposure to low, environmentally relevant levels of Hg might affect immune competence at the individual level and might even increase the susceptibility of the population to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyao Han
- Wageningen
University, Division of Toxicology, Postal code 8000, NL-6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van den Berg
- Wageningen
University, Division of Toxicology, Postal code 8000, NL-6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J.J.E. Loonen
- University
of Groningen, Arctic Centre, Aweg 30, NL-9718 CW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto
de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Ronda de Toledo, 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nico W. van den Brink
- Wageningen
University, Division of Toxicology, Postal code 8000, NL-6700 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kucharska K, Binkowski ŁJ, Zaguła G, Dudzik K. Spatial, temporal and environmental differences in concentrations of lead in the blood of Mute swans from summer and winter sites in Poland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154698. [PMID: 35318064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic pollutant and represents a serious threat to wildlife, affecting various systems in animal bodies. Especially prone to Pb poisoning are waterbirds, which may inadvertently ingest spent gunshot, fishing sinkers and contaminated sediments. This research thus focused on evaluating Pb concentrations in the blood of 170 Mute swans (Cygnus olor; a widespread species of waterbirds) at their summer (urban locations in Małopolskie and rural locations in Świętokrzyskie regions) and winter (the urban section of Wisła River in Krakow) sites in Poland (Europe). The study concentrated on comparing blood Pb concentrations according to sites and locations, verifying the influence of sex and age factors, examining the impact on hematocrit (Ht), glutathione (GSH) levels and body condition. Mean blood Pb concentrations (measured with ICP-OES) differed significantly between summer and winter sites (Regression by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (RML), p < 0.001) reaching higher values at winter sites. Concentrations did not differ from year to year (RML, p = 0.028). At summer sites, concentrations differed from location to location: swans from urban locations in Małopolskie had higher blood Pb concentrations (0.055 μg/g) than from rural Świętokrzyskie (0.008 μg/g; RML, p < 0.001). In summer and winter birds, neither sex nor age groups differed significantly the concentrations (RML, p > 0.231). Pb concentrations correlated weakly with Ht and GSH levels (Spearman test) and had no influence on body condition (proxied by scaled mass index; GLM, p = 0.246). We concluded that differences between summer and winter sites were dictated mainly by the type of habitat (rural vs. urban) that birds occupied in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kucharska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Łukasz J Binkowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Zaguła
- Department of Bioenergy, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Dudzik
- Eagle Conservation Committee, K. Jagiellończyka 4, 10-062 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Beribaka M, Jelić M, Tanasković M, Lazić C, Stamenković-Radak M. Life History Traits in Two Drosophila Species Differently Affected by Microbiota Diversity under Lead Exposure. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121122. [PMID: 34940211 PMCID: PMC8708062 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microbiota have a significant functional role in the life of the host, including immunity, lifespan and reproduction. Drosophila species are attractive model organisms for investigating microbiota diversity from different aspects due to their simple gut microbiota, short generation time and high fertility. Considering such an important role of the microbiota in the life of Drosophila, we investigated the extent to which lead (Pb), as one of the most abundant heavy metals in the environment, affects the microbiota and the fitness of this insect host. The results indicate that different factors, such as population origin and sex, may affect individual traits differently and this could be species-specific. In addition, there are members of microbiota that help the host to overcome environmental stress and they could play a key role in reducing the fitness cost in such situations. Studying the influence of microbiota on the adaptive response to heavy metals and the potential implications on overall host fitness is of great pertinence. Abstract Life history traits determine the persistence and reproduction of each species. Factors that can affect life history traits are numerous and can be of different origin. We investigated the influence of population origin and heavy metal exposure on microbiota diversity and two life history traits, egg-to-adult viability and developmental time, in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila subobscura, grown in the laboratory on a lead (II) acetate-saturated substrate. We used 24 samples, 8 larval and 16 adult samples (two species × two substrates × two populations × two sexes). The composition of microbiota was determined by sequencing (NGS) of the V3–V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The population origin showed a significant influence on life history traits, though each trait in the two species was affected differentially. Reduced viability in D. melanogaster could be a cost of fast development, decrease in Lactobacillus abundance and the presence of Wolbachia. The heavy metal exposure in D. subobscura caused shifts in developmental time but maintained the egg-to-adult viability at a similar level. Microbiota diversity indicated that the Komagataeibacter could be a valuable member of D. subobscura microbiota in overcoming the environmental stress. Research on the impact of microbiota on the adaptive response to heavy metals and consequently the potential tradeoffs among different life history traits is of great importance in evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Beribaka
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, Karakaj 34A, 75400 Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihailo Jelić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.J.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Marija Tanasković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Cvijeta Lazić
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, Karakaj 34A, 75400 Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Marina Stamenković-Radak
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.J.); (M.S.-R.)
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10
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Li Y, Lv H, Xue C, Dong N, Bi C, Shan A. Plant Polyphenols: Potential Antidotes for Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3960-3976. [PMID: 33236294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most common heavy metal elements and has high biological toxicity. Long-term lead exposure will induce the contamination of animal feed, water, and food, which can cause chronic lead poisoning including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. In the past few decades, lead has caused widespread concern because of its significant threat to health. A large number of in vitro and animal experiments have shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in lead toxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway can also be induced by lead toxicity. Therefore, plant polyphenols have attracted attention, with their advantages of being natural antioxidants and having low toxicity. Plant polyphenols can resist lead toxicity by chelating lead with their special chemical molecular structure. In addition, scavenging active oxygen and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis are also the key to relieving lead poisoning by plant polyphenols. Various plant polyphenols have been suggested to be useful in alleviating lead toxicity in animals and humans and are believed to have good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lv
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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11
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Blood Toxic Elements and Effects on Plasma Vitamins and Carotenoids in Two Wild Bird Species: Turdus merula and Columba livia. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090219. [PMID: 34564370 PMCID: PMC8473200 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Birds have historically suffered adverse effects by toxic elements, such as As, Pb, Hg, and Cd. However, reports on exposure to a wide range of elements, including rare earth elements and other minor elements of emerging concern, and the potential consequences for wildlife are still scarce. This study evaluates blood concentrations of 50 elements and their related effects on lutein and vitamin levels in the Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merula) and wild rock pigeon (Columba livia), inhabiting different scenarios of contaminant exposure. Blood concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb (and Mn in T. merula) were increased in both species captured in the mining area, compared to the control site. T. merula also showed increased As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in blood in the agricultural–urban area, as compared to the control area, together with the highest Hg levels, which could be related to agricultural practices and industrial activities. Decreases of 33 and 38% in the plasma retinol levels in T. merula inhabiting the mining and the agricultural–urban areas, respectively, as compared to the control site, were associated with increased Pb, As, and Cd exposure. This could be due to a metal-driven suppressive effect in retinol metabolism and/or its over-use for coping with metal-related oxidative stress.
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12
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Elgharabawy RM, Alhowail AH, Emara AM, Aldubayan MA, Ahmed AS. The impact of chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) on hemodynamic functions and oxidative stress in cardiac toxicity induced by lead oxide nanoparticles in male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111324. [PMID: 33592547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common environmental pollutant, lead can induce toxicity in several organ systems. A range of industrial and/or household materials and products contain lead, and food/liquid ingestion and inhalation are the mechanisms through which lead is introduced into the human body. OBJECTIVE Since knowledge about the cardiac toxicity of acute lead nanoparticles is limited, this work sought to shed more light on the issue by investigating the therapeutic effects of chicory extract based on rat models to elevate cardiac functions and oxidative stress. METHODS Four research groups were used, each consisting of ten albino rats of male sex and adult age. The groups were: control group, chicory group, lead oxide nanoparticle group, and lead oxide nanoparticle + chicory group. RESULTS Compared to the control and chicory groups, the lead oxide nanoparticle group displayed a notable increase in heart functions and oxidative stress markers as well as alterations in cardiac histological structure. On the other hand, cardiac function modifications were counteracted through four-week administration of lead oxide nanoparticles alongside chicory. CONCLUSION Heart damage caused by lead oxide nanoparticles may be attenuated by chicory through scavenging of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Elgharabawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad H Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Emara
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia; Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maha A Aldubayan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira S Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Celik E, Durmus A, Adizel O, Nergiz Uyar H. A bibliometric analysis: what do we know about metals(loids) accumulation in wild birds? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10302-10334. [PMID: 33481198 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metals and metalloids pollution is an important worldwide problem due to the social and ecological effects and therefore has been the subject of many disciplines and the adverse impacts have been documented. In this study, content analysis and trends of studies focused on heavy metal accumulation in birds were presented. For this purpose, a bibliometric network analysis of the studies that use the concepts of "pollution," "heavy metal," and "birds" together in the abstract, keywords, and titles of the papers was carried out. The purpose of choosing this research method was summarizing the relation between birds and environmental pollution in an understandable manner to determine metals(loids) pollution, which become an important environmental problem. Bibliometric data consisting of approximately 971 papers were evaluated with VOSviewer program using the network analysis method to answer the research questions. The results revealed that birds act as bioindicators in the determination of environmental pollution and that the contaminant metals deposited in the various tissues of birds provide preliminary information about environmental pollution. The most of bird studies emphasized that the metal accumulation was mostly in the liver, kidneys, and feathers and the accumulation caused serious problems in most of the vital activities of the birds. The USA is in the leading country in birds-heavy metal studies followed by Spain, Canada, and China. In addition, the mercury (Hg) was the most extensively studied heavy metal in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Celik
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Forestry, Hunting and Wildlife Program, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Durmus
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ozdemir Adizel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Nergiz Uyar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey
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14
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Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P. A review of metal-induced effects on vitamins A, E and D3 in birds. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1-16. [PMID: 33151447 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Birds have been historically affected by metals and are considered powerful sentinels of environmental pollution. Some toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) have been broadly studied in avian species and are well known for their accumulation capacity and deleterious effects, including alterations in vitamin levels. Vitamins A, E and D3 are fat-soluble nutrients involved in multiple physiological functions (e.g., immune function, vision, reproduction, growth and development). Publications reporting metal-induced effects on vitamins in birds are growing and, in some cases, results seem contradictory, making them difficult to interpret. Therefore, a clear view of the overall picture is needed. This mini-review article aims to compile relevant data and describe current knowledge on the effects of the most toxic elements (i.e., Pb, Cd, Hg, As) on vitamins A, E and D3 in birds. Although vitamins are diet dependent, they are strongly regulated and transformed in the organism, and metal-related disruption in their homeostasis may provoke alterations in different directions. Moreover, vitamin status and form in vivo is the result of complex interacting processes in the organism and metal exposure may produce cascade effects. Different factors that may contribute to the variable response of vitamins to metals in birds are discussed. Some final remarks and recommendations are provided for future studies. This mini-review shows an overview of the current knowledge in metal-induced alterations in vitamins of special concern for avian ecotoxicology, a research discipline facing important challenges in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Descalzo E, Camarero PR, Sánchez-Barbudo IS, Martinez-Haro M, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Moreno-Opo R, Mateo R. Integrating active and passive monitoring to assess sublethal effects and mortality from lead poisoning in birds of prey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:142260. [PMID: 33182217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of lead (Pb) ammunition is the most important exposure pathway to this metal in birds and involve negative consequences to their health. We have performed a passive monitoring of Pb poisoning in birds of prey by measuring liver (n = 727) and blood (n = 32) Pb levels in individuals of 16 species found dead or sick in Spain between 2004 and 2020. We also performed an active monitoring by measuring blood Pb levels and biomarkers of haem biosynthesis, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) metabolism, oxidative stress and immune function in individuals (n = 194) of 9 species trapped alive in the field between 2016 and 2017. Passive monitoring results revealed some species with liver Pb levels associated with severe clinical poisoning (>30 μg/g d.w. of Pb): Eurasian griffon vulture (27/257, 10.5%), red kite (1/132, 0.8%), golden eagle (4/38, 10.5%), and Northern goshawk (1/8, 12.5%). The active monitoring results showed that individuals of bearded vulture (1/3, 33.3%), Eurasian griffon vulture (87/118, 73.7%), Spanish imperial eagle (1/6, 16.7%) and red kite (1/18, 5.6%) had abnormal blood Pb levels (>20 μg/dL). Blood Pb levels increased with age, and both monitoring methods showed seasonality in Pb exposure associated with a delayed effect of the hunting season. In Eurasian griffon, blood Pb concentration was associated with lower δ-ALAD activity in blood and P levels in plasma, and with higher blood lipid peroxidation and plasma carotenoid levels in agreement with other experimental and field studies in Pb-exposed birds. The study reveals that Pb poisoning is a significant cause of death and sublethal effects on haem biosynthesis, P metabolism and oxidative stress in birds of prey in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Descalzo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Inés S Sánchez-Barbudo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mónica Martinez-Haro
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), CIAG del Chaparrillo, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rubén Moreno-Opo
- Subdirección General de Biodiversidad Terrestre y Marina, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico Pza, San Juan de la Cruz s/n, 28071, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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16
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Taggart MA, Shore RF, Pain DJ, Peniche G, Martinez-Haro M, Mateo R, Homann J, Raab A, Feldmann J, Lawlor AJ, Potter ED, Walker LA, Braidwood DW, French AS, Parry-Jones J, Swift JA, Green RE. Concentration and origin of lead (Pb) in liver and bone of Eurasian buzzards (Buteo buteo) in the United Kingdom. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115629. [PMID: 33254650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of lead (Pb) derived from ammunition used in the hunting of game animals is recognised to be a significant potential source of Pb exposure of wild birds, including birds of prey. However, there are only limited data for birds of prey in Europe regarding tissue concentrations and origins of Pb. Eurasian buzzards (Buteo buteo) found dead in the United Kingdom during an 11-year period were collected and the concentrations of Pb in the liver and femur were measured. Concentrations in the liver consistent with acute exposure to Pb were found in 2.7% of birds and concentration in the femur consistent with exposure to lethal levels were found in 4.0% of individuals. Pb concentration in the femur showed no evidence of consistent variation among or within years, but was greater for old than for young birds. The Pb concentration in the liver showed no effect of the birds' age, but varied markedly among years and showed a consistent tendency to increase substantially within years throughout the UK hunting season for gamebirds. The resemblance of the stable isotope composition of Pb from buzzard livers to that of Pb from the types of shotgun ammunition most widely-used in the UK increased markedly with increasing Pb concentration in the liver. Stable isotope results were consistent with 57% of the mass of Pb in livers of all of the buzzards sampled being derived from shotgun pellets, with this proportion being 89% for the birds with concentrations indicating acute exposure to Pb. Hence, most of the Pb acquired by Eurasian buzzards which have liver concentrations likely to be associated with lethal and sublethal effects is probably obtained when they prey upon or scavenge gamebirds and mammals shot using Pb shotgun pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Deborah J Pain
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Gabriela Peniche
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mónica Martinez-Haro
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal (IRIAF), CIAG del Chaparrillo, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Julia Homann
- TESLA-Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrea Raab
- TESLA-Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- TESLA-Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK; TESLA Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alan J Lawlor
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Elaine D Potter
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Lee A Walker
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David W Braidwood
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Andrew S French
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7JD, UK; Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo, F28 PF65, Ireland
| | - Jemima Parry-Jones
- International Centre for Birds of Prey, Boulsdon House, Newent, Gloucestershire, GL18 1JJ, UK
| | - John A Swift
- John Swift Consultancy, Brookside Cottage, Chapel Lane, Higher Wych, Cheshire, SY14 7JS, UK
| | - Rhys E Green
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK.
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17
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Sánchez-Virosta P, León-Ortega M, Calvo JF, Camarero PR, Mateo R, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP, Eeva T, García-Fernández AJ, Espín S. Blood concentrations of 50 elements in Eagle owl (Bubo bubo) at different contamination scenarios and related effects on plasma vitamin levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115012. [PMID: 32593922 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some metals and metalloids (e.g. Pb, Hg, Cd and As) are well-known for their bioaccumulation capacity and their toxic effects on birds, but concerns on other minor elements and rare earth elements (ME and REE) are growing due to their intensive use in modern technology and potential toxicity. Vitamins and carotenoids play essential roles in nestling growth and proper development, and are known to be affected by the metals classically considered as toxic. However, we are unaware of any attempts to evaluate the exposure to 50 elements and related effects in plasma vitamins and carotenoids in raptor species. The main goals of this study are: (i) to assess the exposure to 50 elements (i.e. classic toxic elements, trace elements, REE and ME) in nestling Eagle owls (Bubo bubo) inhabiting three differently polluted environments (mining, industrial and control areas) in southeastern Spain, and (ii) to evaluate how element exposure affects plasma vitamin and carotenoid levels, hematocrit and body measurements (mass and wing length) of the individuals. Our results show that local contamination in the mining area contributes to increased blood concentrations of Pb, As and Tl in nestlings, while diet differences between control and mining/industrial areas may account for the different levels of Mn, Zn, and Sr in blood, and lutein in plasma. Plasma tocopherol levels were increased in the mining-impacted environment, which may be a mechanism of protection to prevent toxic element-related oxidative stress. Plasma α-tocopherol was enhanced by 20% at blood Pb concentrations ≥8 ng/ml, and nestlings exhibited up to 56% increase in α-tocopherol levels when blood Pb concentrations reached 170 ng/ml. Tocopherol seems to be a sensitive biomarker under an exposure to certain toxic elements (e.g. Pb, As, Tl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mario León-Ortega
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José F Calvo
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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18
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Dorostghoal M, Seyyednejad SM, Nejad MNT. Cichorium intybus L. extract ameliorates testicular oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in male rats. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2020; 47:161-167. [PMID: 32862634 PMCID: PMC7482945 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Oxidative stress has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity on male reproduction. Cichorium intybus L. is used in Iranian folk medicine as a hepatoprotective agent as well as for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The present study was performed to investigate whether the ethanolic extract of C. intybus leaves could protect male rats against lead-induced testicular oxidative stress. Methods In this experimental study, adult Wistar rats were treated with 0.1% lead acetate in drinking water alone or with 50, 100, or 200 mg/ kg body weight of C. intybus extract via gavage once daily for 70 days. The weight of their reproductive organs, levels of serum hormones, histometric parameters of the seminiferous tubules, epidydimal sperm quality, and oxidative stress status were evaluated. Results The testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, epididymal sperm count, serum testosterone level, and testicular levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the lead-treated rats. Moreover, significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of malondialdehyde were observed in the lead-exposed group compared to the control. However, the co-administration of C. intybus ethanolic extract in lead-treated rats was associated with a significant improvement in reproductive parameters. Conclusion We conclude that C. intybus leaf extract has the potential to prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity and to suppress the adverse effects of lead on male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Dorostghoal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Biotechnology and Bioscience Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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19
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Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Ruiz S, Eeva T. Female oxidative status in relation to calcium availability, metal pollution and offspring development in a wild passerine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113921. [PMID: 31991347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Both Ca deficiency and metal exposure may affect physiological and nutritional condition of breeding females altering their ability to deposit essential resources (e.g. Ca, antioxidants) into the eggs. This effect of the maternal investment into egg quality is not strictly limited to the embryonic period, but may persist after hatching, since nutrient levels in yolks can compromise nestling antioxidant status, growth and fledging success. The goal of this study was to investigate how metal pollution and Ca availability during the breeding season affect oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma biochemistry in adult female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). In addition, we aim to evaluate how maternal antioxidant status and body condition relate to breeding parameters and offspring oxidative balance. Females breeding in a metal-polluted area in SW Finland showed higher metal concentrations compared to the control area, although current levels were below the toxic level able to affect female physiology. In addition, Ca availability was not constraining female oxidative status and general health in the study area. Interestingly, our results suggested that antioxidant response to metals was better when Ca concentrations were high enough to cover the physiological Ca requirements in breeding females. There seems to be a subtle balance between the concentrations of Ca in the organism and the tolerance to metal-related effects that requires further research. This study supports that offspring oxidative balance and nestling development are affected by maternal body condition and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland; Area of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland; Area of Toxicology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sandra Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Sánchez-Virosta P, Espín S, Ruiz S, Panda B, Ilmonen P, Schultz SL, Karouna-Renier N, García-Fernández AJ, Eeva T. Arsenic-related oxidative stress in experimentally-dosed wild great tit nestlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113813. [PMID: 31896481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is broadly distributed due to natural and anthropogenic sources, and it may cause adverse effects in birds. However, research on other elements (Pb, Hg and Cd) has been prioritized, resulting in scarce data on As exposure and related effects in wild birds. One of the mechanisms responsible for As toxicity is oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if environmentally relevant As levels affected oxidative stress biomarkers in great tits (Parus major). This is the first field experiment studying the effects of As on oxidative stress in wild passerines. Wild great tit nestlings were orally dosed with sodium arsenite (Control: water, Low dose: 0.2 μg g-1 d-1 and High dose: 1 μg g-1 d-1; from day 3 to day 13 post-hatching). We intended to reach As concentrations similar to those at which passerines are exposed to at actual polluted areas. We compared the responses to the experimental manipulations (High, Low and Control groups) with those in an As/metal-exposed population breeding close to a Cu-Ni smelter in Finland (Smelter group). A set of antioxidants (tGSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, CAT, SOD, GST and GPx), and oxidative damage biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA, and telomere length) were explored in blood. Arsenic administration had no significant effect on most of the biomarkers measured: only the CAT activity was lower in the High As group and the GPx activity was enhanced in the Smelter group compared to the Control. Our results suggest that the dose and duration of the As exposure was not enough to induce oxidative damage in red cells of great tit nestlings. In spite of this, nestlings dosed with 1 μg g-1 d-1 of sodium arsenite showed non-significantly higher oxidative stress biomarkers than controls, suggesting that we were close to an effect level for the redox-defense system. Oxidative effects at equivalent As levels combined with other stressors cannot be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sandra Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Bineet Panda
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Ilmonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra L Schultz
- U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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21
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Peigneux A, Puentes-Pardo JD, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT, Jimenez-Lopez C. Development and characterization of magnetic eggshell membranes for lead removal from wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110307. [PMID: 32070781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An increasing concern for natural resources preservation and environmental safety is the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. It is essential to develop simple procedures that use ecofriendly materials with high removal capacities. In this context, we have synthesized a new hybrid material in which eggshell membranes (ESMs) act as nucleation sites for magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) precipitation in the presence of an external magnetic field. As a result, ESM was transformed into a magnetic biomaterial (MESM) in order to combine the Pb adsorption abilities of both MNPs and ESM and to facilitate collection of the bioadsorbant using an external magnetic field. This green co-precipitation method produced long strands of bead-like 50 nm superparamagnetic MNPs decorating the ESM fibers. When MESM were incubated in Pb(NO3)2 solutions, the hybrid material displayed a 2.5-fold increase in binding constant with respect to that of ESM alone, and a 10-fold increased capacity to remove Pb ions from aqueous solution. The manufactured MESMs present a maximum loading capacity of 0.066 ± 0.009 mg Pb/mg MNPs at 25 °C, which is increased up to 0.15 ± 0.05 mg Pb/mg MNPs at 45 °C. Moreover, the MESM system is very stable, since incubation in 1% HCl solution resulted in rapid Pb desorption, while MNP release from the MESM during the same period was negligible. Altogether, these results suggest that MESM could be utilized as an efficient nanoremediation agent for separation/removal of heavy metal ions or other charged pollutants from contaminated waters, with facile recovery for recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Peigneux
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Univerisidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose D Puentes-Pardo
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Univerisidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maxwell T Hincke
- Departments of Innovation in Medical Education, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Concepción Jimenez-Lopez
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Univerisidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
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22
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Kanwal S, Abbasi NA, Chaudhry MJI, Ahmad SR, Malik RN. Oxidative stress risk assessment through heavy metal and arsenic exposure in terrestrial and aquatic bird species of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12293-12307. [PMID: 31993901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated metal- and metalloid-induced oxidative stress response in two aquatic (cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) (n = 10), pond heron (Ardeola grayii) (n = 10)), as well as two terrestrial (spotted owlet (Athene brama) (n = 6) and bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus) (n = 16)) bird species collected from the outskirts of Lahore city, Pakistan. For this purpose, glutathione (tGSH) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)) levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT)) were analyzed as biomarkers of oxidative stress against metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) and metalloid (As) concentrations in kidney liver and blood of birds. Our results depicted significant correlation for Pb, Cd, and As with oxidative stress biomarkers in birds. The levels of heavy metals and As and their corresponding effects on oxidative stress biomarkers were comparably higher in aquatic species (p ≤ 0.01) except for Pb and Zn. In comparison of species, SOD and tGSH activities were higher in bank myna and cattle egret, while CAT activity and TBARS concentrations were higher in pond heron and cattle egret, respectively. We deduced that tissues with higher accumulation of metal(loid)s such as liver and kidney were under a great risk to oxidative damage. The overall order of metal accumulation and subsequent oxidative damage among families followed the pattern as Strigidae ≥Ardieda ≥ Sturnidae with their respective trophic levels. Globally, metal- and As-induced oxidative stress is least emphasized in multiple tissues of birds that is needed to be addressed with focus on case-control studies using dose-response approach. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsa Kanwal
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Akhtar Abbasi
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal Chaudhry
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- WWF Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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23
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Meissner W, Binkowski ŁJ, Barker J, Hahn A, Trzeciak M. Relationship between blood lead levels and physiological stress in mute swans (Cygnus olor) in municipal beaches of the southern Baltic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136292. [PMID: 32050362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the non-essential metals that can become a serious environmental threat to the human population and wildlife causing various toxic impairments and pathologies. Waterfowl are especially sensitive to lead exposure as they stay in areas with a high risk of lead pollution due to hunting and fishing pressures. This study aims to determine recent blood lead levels in 45 live mute swans in the southern Baltic, in the Gulf of Gdańsk and to test the hypothesis that birds with elevated lead levels have a higher physiological stress. Mean concentration of lead in blood was 0.239 μg/g (range 0.028-0.675 μg/g). Almost half of the individuals examined in this study had increased blood Pb levels above the threshold level (0.23 μg/g), however none of them showed behavioural signs of Pb poisoning. Although the dominant food of mute swans staying at municipal beaches is bread delivered by people, which has low lead levels, lead was found in all blood samples taken from mute swans. In the study area, another possible source of lead poisoning, other than from ammunition, is connected with various anthropogenic activities, such as municipal sewage works. Moreover, poor diet results in greater susceptibility to absorption of lead and this may have an additional influence on elevated lead levels in blood of these birds. The Pb level was increased with heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L) ratio, which is used as a measure of longer-term physiological stress. The mean lead level in blood was higher in young birds than in adults, which may be a consequence of adults forcing them to take less calorific food from water plants containing elevated levels of lead in the area studied. However, it is difficult to disentangle this from other factors that may influence sensitivity to lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Meissner
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz J Binkowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Andreas Hahn
- School of Engineering and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Marta Trzeciak
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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24
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Lidman J, Jonsson M, Berglund ÅMM. Availability of specific prey types impact pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestling health in a moderately lead contaminated environment in northern Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113478. [PMID: 31753628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic metal contamination can cause increased stress in exposed organisms, but it can be difficult to disentangle the anthropogenic influence from natural variation in environmental conditions. In the proximity of a closed lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine in northern Sweden, the health effects of Pb exposure, essential element (calcium [Ca] and Zn) uptake, and prey availability and composition were estimated on pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings, using hemoglobin (Hb) level as a proxy for health. Pb concentration in nestling blood range between 0.00034 and 2.21 μg/g (ww) and nestlings close to the mine had higher Pb concentrations and lower Hb, but contrary to our hypothesis, Hb was not directly related to Pb accumulation. Proportions of flying terrestrial and aquatic insects in available prey and availability of flying terrestrial insects were positively associated with nestling Hb, whereas the proportion of terrestrial ground living prey, the most common prey type, showed a negative association. This suggests that positive influence of certain prey, which does not have to be the most common in the surroundings, can counteract the negative effects from Pb contamination on bird health. Nestlings inhabiting sites adjacent to lakes had an advantage in terms of prey composition and availability of preferred prey, which resulted in higher Hb. As such, our results show that during moderate exposure to metals, variation in natural conditions, such as prey availability, can have great impact on organism health compared to Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lidman
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Micael Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Åsa M M Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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25
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van den Heever L, Smit-Robinson H, Naidoo V, McKechnie AE. Blood and bone lead levels in South Africa's Gyps vultures: Risk to nest-bound chicks and comparison with other avian taxa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:471-480. [PMID: 30884269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning, including secondary lead poisoning, is cited as the single most important cause of vulture mortalities in Africa. To evaluate the prevalence of lead poisoning among South Africa's Gyps vultures compared to other, non-scavenging birds, we obtained blood and bone samples from Cape (Gyps coprotheres) and White-backed (G. africanus) vultures. We found that 66% of White-backed Vultures (n = 110, including 85 nest-bound chicks sampled at Dronfield Nature Reserve) and 80% of Cape Vultures (n = 15) had blood [Pb] in excess of 10 μg/dL, the upper limit of background exposure. Average blood [Pb] were 15.4 μg/dL and 29.7 μg/dL for White-backed and Cape vultures, respectively. Bone samples revealed that 12% of White-backed Vultures (n = 18) and 9% of Cape Vultures (n = 75) suffered from subclinical to severe clinical lead poisoning upon their deaths. By contrast, none of the 40 blood, bone or liver samples obtained from non-scavenging bird species were found to exceed background exposure levels. Our results suggest that, unlike non-scavenging birds, the scavenging lifestyle of Gyps vultures subjects them to lead poisoning on a regular basis. Had environmental sources of lead (e.g., dust) been the source of the lead poisoning at the White-backed Vulture breeding colony at Dronfield, all the chicks would have displayed similar blood lead concentrations. Instead the values ranged from barely detectable to very high, leading us to conclude that metallic lead fragments regurgitated by parents during feeding are responsible for the elevated lead levels in some of the chicks at this site. We conclude the likely source of these particles to be fragments of lead ammunition embedded in the carcasses of hunted animals. These results add to a growing body of evidence underscoring the threat posed by the use of lead ammunition and its potential role in the declines of vultures and other scavenging taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van den Heever
- Terrestrial Bird Conservation Programme, BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X16, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg 2123, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Hanneline Smit-Robinson
- Terrestrial Bird Conservation Programme, BirdLife South Africa, Private Bag X16, Pinegowrie, Johannesburg 2123, South Africa; Applied Behavioural Ecological & Ecosystem Research Unit (ABEERU), UNISA, P O Box 392, UNISA 0003, Florida, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Andrew E McKechnie
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P O Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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26
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Sánchez-Virosta P, Espín S, Ruiz S, Stauffer J, Kanerva M, García-Fernández AJ, Eeva T. Effects of calcium supplementation on oxidative status and oxidative damage in great tit nestlings inhabiting a metal-polluted area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:484-492. [PMID: 30743240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium has been proposed to diminish metal toxicity by the modulation of the oxidative stress. This study explores the effects of Ca availability and metal exposure on oxidative stress biomarkers in great tit (Parus major) nestlings. Nests were supplemented with Ca (Ca-supplemented group) or not supplemented (Control group) in a metal-polluted and a background zone in SW Finland. Metal concentrations were analyzed from feces. We analyzed antioxidants (tGSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, CAT, GST, GPx, SOD), protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation in red cells of nestlings. Ca-supplemented and fast-growing nestlings showed higher CAT activity to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during intensive growth and metabolism. SOD and GPx (the latter not statistically significant) were more active in the polluted area, possibly reflecting higher ROS production in nestlings from this zone due to the enhanced metal exposure and smaller size. Antioxidant levels changed over the range of metal concentrations depending on the Ca levels in plasma, suggesting that higher Ca levels stimulate antioxidants and mitigate the impacts of metals. Ca supplementation may improve nestling traits and reproductive output when antioxidants are enhanced in a situation of oxidative challenge. Therefore, Ca should be considered in future studies assessing metal exposure and effects on wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Janina Stauffer
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Lab. of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 790-8577, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Department of Health Sciences, IMIB-Arrixaca, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Tauler-Ametlller H, Pretus JL, Hernández-Matías A, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Mateo R, Real J. Domestic waste disposal sites secure food availability but diminish plasma antioxidants in Egyptian vulture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1382-1391. [PMID: 30308825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Some domestic waste disposal sites (DWDS) accumulate enormous amounts of food that humans discard. This food resource is exploited by different species whose population dynamics have as a result been altered. The effects of feeding on human waste on individual health parameters such as body condition are still unknown. Traditionally, body condition in wildlife has been assessed using morphological indices based on size and weight. Expanding the range of indices to include the analysis of indicators at the physiological level can provide a more comprehensive picture of the animals' health status. In this work, we studied how different amounts of waste consumption (assessed using stable isotope analysis) affect nestling health and body condition in an expanding population of the endangered Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus). We used morphometric and physiological approaches, including plasma biochemistry, antioxidant defences and oxidative stress biomarkers. The results of the multivariate redundancy analysis and variance partitioning showed that the proportion of diet originating from DWDS is the main factor explaining physiological indicators in the studied vulture population. Nestlings that were fed on food from DWDS had lower levels of vitamins (e.g. α-tocopherol) and carotenoids (zeaxanthin and lutein), which have important functions as antioxidant defences, immunostimulant properties and ornamental purposes. Nevertheless, nestlings that were fed on food from DWDS were better nourished and experienced fewer food shortages than individuals not fed using this resource, which had lower levels of cholesterol. Possibly due to the easy access to food, breeding pairs using DWDS could have fewer difficulties in feeding their nestlings and thus could engender more regular brood sizes than those not exploiting this type of resource. Our integrative approach using diverse components was crucial for a reliable assessment of health and body condition in Egyptian Vulture nestlings and its relationship to the consumption of food derived from human-altered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tauler-Ametlller
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Joan Ll Pretus
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Matías
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joan Real
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de la Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Equip de Biologia de la Conservació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avd. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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28
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Rodríguez-Estival J, Sánchez MI, Ramo C, Varo N, Amat JA, Garrido-Fernández J, Hornero-Méndez D, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Taggart MA, Martinez-Haro M, Green AJ, Mateo R. Exposure of black-necked grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) to metal pollution during the moulting period in the Odiel Marshes, Southwest Spain. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:774-784. [PMID: 30391900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
European populations of black-necked grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) congregate every year to moult at the salt ponds of the Odiel Marshes (SW Spain). However, the Odiel Marshes are part of one of the most metal-polluted coastal estuaries in the world, which may pose risks to wildlife. We assessed the exposure of grebes to metal pollution during the critical moulting period in the Odiel Marshes and its potential to cause adverse health effects. Levels of metals in red blood pellet (as a biomarker of exposure), plasma carotenoids, eye redness, and body condition (as biomarkers of effects) were studied. Metal content was also analyzed in the brine shrimp Artemia parthenogenetica, the most important food for grebes in this hypersaline ecosystem during the moulting period. Results showed that, in comparison to toxicity thresholds, grebes had relatively high blood levels of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn). The high loads found in Artemia and the way blood levels vary during the moulting period indicate that shrimp consumption may be the main route of metal exposure for grebes. Plasma carotenoids and body condition showed a positive association with exposure to As, while the relationship of lutein-like carotenoids with Hg accumulation was negative at the beginning of the moulting period to become positive afterwards. Moreover, eye redness was negatively affected by As accumulation. Factors including food resource availability, seasonal fluctuations in physiological status, and interannual variations in the degree of environmental contamination should be considered in monitoring efforts when using moult migrant waterbirds as sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Marta I Sánchez
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD - CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional/Global del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Cristina Ramo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD - CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Nico Varo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD - CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan A Amat
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD - CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Garrido-Fernández
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG - CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Dámaso Hornero-Méndez
- Instituto de la Grasa (IG - CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle St, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK.
| | - Mónica Martinez-Haro
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Andy J Green
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD - CSIC), Calle Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Exposure to Pb impairs breeding success and is associated with longer lifespan in urban European blackbirds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:486. [PMID: 30679484 PMCID: PMC6345771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several factors have been highlighted to explain the influence of urbanization on bird fitness and survival, the role of persistent toxicants such as lead (Pb), which is typically present in urban areas worldwide, has seldom been studied despite the ecological importance of such a widespread stressor. Studying free-living European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in city parks, we tested the hypothesis that low-dose chronic exposure to Pb could shape the life-history traits of urban birds. The feather concentrations of Pb and cadmium were typical of urban areas and low-to-moderate contamination of sites. Although the lifetime breeding success of females decreased with increasing exposure to Pb, the lifespan and survival probabilities of blackbirds increased with Pb contamination regardless of gender. Breeding effort-dependent patterns in the relationship between lifespan and Pb levels were highlighted. No significant relationships were detected between cadmium and life-history traits. The results suggest a possible trade-off between self-maintenance and reproduction, with the most affected birds redirecting allocations towards their own survival, which is consistent with the “stress hormone hypothesis”. These findings suggest that Pb pollution in urban environments may shape avian ecological features and be one of the drivers of wildlife responses to urbanization and that some urban areas may function as ecological traps driven by pollutants.
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Prüter H, Franz M, Auls S, Czirják GÁ, Greben O, Greenwood AD, Lisitsyna O, Syrota Y, Sitko J, Krone O. Chronic lead intoxication decreases intestinal helminth species richness and infection intensity in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:151-160. [PMID: 29981515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution of aquatic habitats is a known threat to vertebrate health. Depending on Pb dosage, resulting symptoms can be chronic (sublethal) or acute (lethal). While acute exposure results in death of the animal, chronic sublethal exposure can also have consequences, reproduction, antioxidant defense and immunity being the most affected traits. While a great deal is known about Pb intoxication on avian health, relatively little is known about how intoxication impacts parasites dependent on their avian hosts. The effect of Pb on intestinal helminth species richness and infection intensity was investigated in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 100) from German waters. Coracoid bones were used to measure chronic Pb exposure. Intestinal helminths were characterized morphologically. Molecular approaches were also applied to identify poorly morphologically preserved parasites to obtain sequence data (cox1 gene) for species identification and future parasitological studies. Parasite species richness and infection intensity was found to be significantly lower in birds with higher chronic Pb levels suggesting both host and parasites respond to Pb exposure. Altered immune modulation in the avian host may be the underlying mechanisms of Pb triggered decrease of parasites. However, it also likely reflects differences in the susceptibility of different helminths to Pb. Cestode and acanthocephala species richness were particularly impacted by Pb exposure. We conclude that, Pb intoxication may both negatively impact avian host and parasite diversity in aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Prüter
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mathias Franz
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Auls
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor Á Czirják
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oksana Greben
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, 01030 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alex D Greenwood
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Lisitsyna
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, 01030 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Syrota
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, 01030 Kiev, Ukraine; Kyiv Zoological Park of National Importance, prosp. Peremohy, 32, Kyiv 04116, Ukraine
| | - Jilji Sitko
- Komenský Museum, Horní nám. 7, 750 11 Přerov 2, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
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Herring G, Eagles-Smith CA, Varland DE. Mercury and lead exposure in avian scavengers from the Pacific Northwest suggest risks to California condors: Implications for reintroduction and recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:610-619. [PMID: 30218871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) are widespread contaminants that pose risks to avian scavengers. In fact, Pb exposure is the primary factor limiting population recovery in the endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) and Hg can impair avian reproduction at environmentally relevant exposures. The Pacific Northwest region of the US was historically part of the condor's native range, and efforts are underway to expand recovery into this area. To identify potential threats to reintroduced condors we assessed foraging habitats, Hg and Pb exposure, and physiological responses in two surrogate avian scavenger species (common ravens [Corvus corax] and turkey vultures [Cathartes aura] across the region between 2012 and 2016. Mercury exposure near the Pacific coast was 17-27-fold higher than in inland areas, and stable carbon and sulfur isotopes ratios indicated that coastal scavengers were highly reliant on marine prey. In contrast, Pb concentrations were uniformly elevated across the region, with 18% of the birds exposed to subclinical poisoning levels. Elevated Pb concentrations were associated with lower delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity, and in ravens there was an interactive effect between Hg and Pb on fecal corticosterone concentrations. This interaction indicated that the effects of Hg and Pb exposure on the stress axis are bidirectional, and depend on the magnitude of simultaneous exposure to the other contaminant. Our results suggest that condors released to the Pacific Northwest may be exposed to both elevated Hg and Pb, posing challenges to management of future condor populations in the Pacific Northwest. Developing a robust monitoring program for reintroduced condors and surrogate scavengers will help both better understand the drivers of exposure and predict the likelihood of impaired health. These findings provide a strong foundation for such an effort, providing resource managers with valuable information to help mitigate potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Herring
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Vacchi-Suzzi C, Viens L, Harrington JM, Levine K, Karimi R, Meliker JR. Low levels of lead and glutathione markers of redox status in human blood. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1175-1185. [PMID: 29058203 PMCID: PMC6154500 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lead (Pb) is implicated in a plethora of health threats in both adults and children. Increased exposure levels are associated with oxidative stress in the blood of workers exposed at occupational levels. However, it is not known whether lower Pb exposure levels are related to a shift toward a more oxidized state. To assess the association between blood lead level (BLL) and glutathione (GSH) redox biomarkers in a population of healthy adults, BLL and four GSH markers (GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio and redox potential E h ) were measured in the blood of a cross-sectional cohort of 282 avid seafood-eating healthy adults living on Long Island (NY). Additionally, blood levels of two other metals known to affect GSH redox status, selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg), and omega-3 index were tested for effect modification. Regression models were further adjusted for demographic and smoking status. Increasing exposure to Pb, measured in blood, was not associated with GSSG, but was associated with lower levels of GSH/GSSG ratio and more positive GSH redox potential E h , driven by its association with GSH. No effect modification was observed in analyses stratified by Hg, Se, omega-3 index, sex, age, or smoking. Blood Pb is associated with lower levels of GSH and the GSH/GSSG ratio in this cross-sectional study of healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Vacchi-Suzzi
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Laura Viens
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Keith Levine
- Trace Inorganics Laboratory, RTI International, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Roxanne Karimi
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Cid FD, Fernández NC, Pérez-Chaca MV, Pardo R, Caviedes-Vidal E, Chediack JG. House sparrow biomarkers as lead pollution bioindicators. Evaluation of dose and exposition length on hematological and oxidative stress parameters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:154-161. [PMID: 29459165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
House sparrows (Passer domesticus) have been proposed as a key ecological indicator of urban pollution. Remarkably, we lack knowledge about the physiological effects of lead on this bird species. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Pb on several physiological parameters in house sparrows exposed to environmental Pb concentrations. In a first experiment, birds were exposed to Pb sub-lethal doses (from 1.3 to 14.0 µg of Pb/g animal/day) during 5 days, which resulted in a dose response increase of blood Pb levels and decrease of blood ALAD activity. However, at the higher doses tested (> 7 μg of Pb/g animal/day) the blood ALAD activity inhibition (~82%) remained constant. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were significantly reduced only at the highest-doses, and the stress indicator, heterophils to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, did not show apparent changes. In a second experiment, house sparrows were exposed to Pb in drinking water (12.3 ppm) during either 15 or 30 days. Pb concentration used in this study was enough to produce blood lead levels equivalents to those found recently in house sparrows inhabiting urban areas, reduced blood ALAD activity and inversion of the H/L ratio. Decreasing blood ALAD activities were correlated with increasing blood Pb levels. In addition, Pb exposure produced modification in the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, increased GST activity and decreased CAT activity, without lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, our results suggest that blood ALAD activity is a reliable and sensitive biomarker for environmental Pb exposure in house sparrows, additionally chronic exposure produce physiological stress (H/L inversion) and small changes in antioxidant enzyme activity. Finally, this specie could be considered a bioindicator for monitoring the urban Pb contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio D Cid
- Laboratory of Biology "Prof. E. Caviedes Codelia", Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, Argentina; Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Noelia C Fernández
- Laboratory of Biology "Prof. E. Caviedes Codelia", Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - María V Pérez-Chaca
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Morphophysiology, IMIBIO-SL, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Rafael Pardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Enrique Caviedes-Vidal
- Laboratory of Biology "Prof. E. Caviedes Codelia", Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, Argentina; Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Juan G Chediack
- Laboratory of Biology "Prof. E. Caviedes Codelia", Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de Los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Centro Científico Tecnológico San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Luis, Argentina; Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Salmón P, Stroh E, Herrera-Dueñas A, von Post M, Isaksson C. Oxidative stress in birds along a NO x and urbanisation gradient: An interspecific approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:635-643. [PMID: 29223087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Urbanisation is regarded as one of the most threatening global issues for wildlife, however, measuring its impact is not always straight forward. Oxidative stress physiology has been suggested to be a useful biomarker of health and therefore, a potentially important indicator of the impact that urban environmental stressors, especially air pollution, can have on wildlife. For example, nitrogen oxides (NOx), released during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, are highly potent pro-oxidants, thus predicted to affect either the protective antioxidants and/or cause oxidative damage to bio-molecules. To date, epidemiological modelling of the predicted association between oxidative stress and NOx exposure has not been performed in wild animals. Here, we address this short-coming, by investigating multiple oxidative stress markers in four common passerine bird species, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tit (Parus major), house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus), living along a gradient of NOx and urbanisation levels in southern Sweden. First of all, the results revealed that long- and medium-term (one month and one week, respectively) NOx levels were highly correlated with the level of urbanisation. This confirms that the commonly used urbanisation index is a reliable proxy for urban air pollution. Furthermore, in accordance to our prediction, individuals exposed to higher long- and medium-term NOx levels/urbanisation had higher plasma antioxidant capacity. However, only tree sparrows showed higher oxidative damage (protein carbonyls) in relation to NOx levels and this association was absent with urbanisation. Lipid peroxidation, glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels did not co-vary with NOx/urbanisation. Given that most oxidative stress biomarkers showed strong species-specificity, independent of variation in NOx/urbanisation, the present study highlights the need to study variation in oxidative stress across contexts, seasons and life-stages in order to understand how the ecology and phylogeny of species interact to affect species resilience to urban environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salmón
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emilie Stroh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Amparo Herrera-Dueñas
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden; Evolution and Conservation Biology, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria von Post
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
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35
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Soussi A, Gargouri M, El Feki A. Effects of co-exposure to lead and zinc on redox status, kidney variables, and histopathology in adult albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:469-480. [PMID: 29702030 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718770293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of biochemical and physiological effects in humans. Oxidative damage has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in Pb toxicity. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of zinc (Zn) supplement against lead acetate-induced kidney injury in rats. In this study, adults male rats were treated for 15 days with Pb (0.344 g/kg body weight (bw)) associated or not with Zn (10 mg/kg bw). Our study showed that supplementation with Zn prevented renal dysfunction as indicated by plasma biomarkers (urea, uric acid, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels) and oxidative stress-related parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl, advanced oxidation protein product, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamins (A, E)) in kidney tissue. The corrective effect of Zn on Pb-induced kidney nephrotoxicity recovered normal kidney histology. Overall, this study indicates that Zn alleviated the toxic effects of this heavy metal on renal tissue, suggesting its role as a potential antioxidant and nephroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Soussi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Gargouri
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Polidori C, Pastor A, Jorge A, Pertusa J. Ultrastructural Alterations of Midgut Epithelium, But Not Greater Wing Fluctuating Asymmetry, in Paper Wasps (Polistes dominula) from Urban Environments. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:183-192. [PMID: 29560839 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polistes paper wasps can be used to monitor trace metal contaminants, but the effects of pollution on the health of these insects are still unknown. We evaluated, in a south-eastern area of Spain, whether workers of Polistes dominula collected at urban and rural sites differ in health of midgut tissue and in fluctuating asymmetry, an estimate of developmental noise. We found that wasps collected at the urban sites had abundant lead (Pb)-containing spherites, which were less visible in wasps from the rural sites. Evident ultrastructural alterations in the epithelium of the midgut of the wasps collected at the urban sites included broken and disorganized microvilli, a high amount and density of heterochromatin in the nucleus of epithelial cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial disruptions. Altogether, these findings suggest a negative effect on the transmembrane transport and a less efficient transcription. On the contrary, a healthy epithelium was observed in wasps from the rural sites. These differences may be preliminarily linked with levels of lead pollution, given that wasps from urban sites had double the Pb concentrations of wasps from rural sites. Level of fluctuating asymmetry was unrelated to wasp origin, thus suggesting no link between developmental noise and Pb-driven pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Polidori
- 1Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM),Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,Avenida Carlos III,s/n,45071 Toledo,Spain
| | - Agustín Pastor
- 2Departament de Química Analítica,Universitat de València,C/ Dr Moliner 50,ES-46100,Burjassot,Valencia,Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge
- 3Laboratorio de Microscopia,Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC),C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2,ES-28006,Madrid,Spain
| | - José Pertusa
- 4Departament de Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física,Universitat de València,C/ Dr Moliner 50,ES-46100,Burjassot,Valencia,Spain
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Williams RJ, Holladay SD, Williams SM, Gogal RM. Environmental Lead and Wild Birds: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 245:157-180. [PMID: 29038944 DOI: 10.1007/398_2017_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a persistent inorganic environmental pollutant that affects humans and animals worldwide. Avian species are especially susceptible to lead exposure through consumption of lead ammunition, lead fishing tackle, and other contaminated food sources such as aquatic species ingesting lead contaminated sediments in mining areas. Even with government regulations on the use of lead ammunition in many countries, including the United States, terrestrial, aquatic, predatory, and scavenger avian species are still at risk of exposure to potentially lethal concentrations of lead. The toxicities seen in these avian species include increased oxidative stress and decreased anti-oxidant enzymes in hepatic and renal tissue. The avian immune system is also a target of lead and displays a number of altered functions suggestive of immune suppression; however, studies in wildlife and laboratory species remain too limited for definitive statements with regard to population risk. In contrast, lead clearly inhibits reproductive capabilities in adult birds, and alters growth and development of hatchlings. Environmental remediation for lead removal, which would lower toxic exposure in wildlife, presently is a monumental and prohibitively expensive effort. Wildlife exposure will therefore continue in contaminated areas, necessitating development of new remediation practices. These plans should aim toward limiting more widespread or heavier contamination of wildlife habitats. This chapter reviews presently available information of lead toxicity in wild bird species, and suggests continued monitoring and reduction strategies to reduce lead exposure for at-risk avian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Williams
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imagining, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven D Holladay
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imagining, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Susan M Williams
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imagining, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Mateo-Tomás P, Olea PP, Jiménez-Moreno M, Camarero PR, Sánchez-Barbudo IS, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios RC, Mateo R. Mapping the spatio-temporal risk of lead exposure in apex species for more effective mitigation. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0662. [PMID: 27466455 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective mitigation of the risks posed by environmental contaminants for ecosystem integrity and human health requires knowing their sources and spatio-temporal distribution. We analysed the exposure to lead (Pb) in griffon vulture Gyps fulvus-an apex species valuable as biomonitoring sentinel. We determined vultures' lead exposure and its main sources by combining isotope signatures and modelling analyses of 691 bird blood samples collected over 5 years. We made yearlong spatially explicit predictions of the species risk of lead exposure. Our results highlight elevated lead exposure of griffon vultures (i.e. 44.9% of the studied population, approximately 15% of the European, showed lead blood levels more than 200 ng ml(-1)) partly owing to environmental lead (e.g. geological sources). These exposures to environmental lead of geological sources increased in those vultures exposed to point sources (e.g. lead-based ammunition). These spatial models and pollutant risk maps are powerful tools that identify areas of wildlife exposure to potentially harmful sources of lead that could affect ecosystem and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mateo-Tomás
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calc¸ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Olea
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Inés S Sánchez-Barbudo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rosa C Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Almeida Lopes ACB, Urbano MR, Souza-Nogueira AD, Oliveira-Paula GH, Michelin AP, Carvalho MDFH, Camargo AEI, Peixe TS, Cabrera MAS, Paoliello MMB. Association of lead, cadmium and mercury with paraoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde in a general population in Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:674-682. [PMID: 28477577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underlying mechanism of metal-induced toxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a final product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been extensively used to evaluate metal-induced OS. Pro-oxidant effects produced by metals can be mitigated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme known to prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Among other factors, the Q192R polymorphism and the exposure to heavy metals have been known to alter PON1 activity. Here, we evaluated the association of blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) levels with PON1 activity, and with MDA concentrations in a randomly selected sample of Brazilian adults aged 40 years or older, living in an urban area in Southern Brazil. A total of 889 subjects were evaluated for blood Pb and Cd levels, and 832 were tested for Hg. Geometric mean of blood Pb, Cd and Hg was 1.93μg/dL, 0.06μg/L and 1.40μg/L, respectively. PON1 activity was significantly different among various genotypes: QQ (PON1=121.4U/mL), QR (PON1=87.5U/mL), and RR (PON1=55.2U/mL), p<0.001. PON1 genotypes were associated only with Cd blood levels. Those with QR genotype had Cd concentrations higher (0.07μg/L) than those with the RR genotype (0.04μg/L) with p=0.034. However, PON1 activity was not significantly associated with metal concentrations. Cluster analysis showed that men who reported to be current smokers and drinkers with higher blood Pb and Cd levels, had significantly lower PON1 activity than non-smokers or -drinkers, and women with lower Pb and Cd levels. RR genotype carriers had lower PON1 activity than those with the QR genotype, and had higher levels of Pb and Cd compared with other genotype carriers. For blood Hg, no association with PON1 activity or genotype was noted. We found low levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in environmentally exposed Brazilian adults. Cd concentrations were increased in subjects with QR genotype. Those with RR genotype had lower PON1 activity and higher levels of Pb and Cd than other genotype carriers. The results of cluster analysis suggested that smoking status exerts a significant influence on PON1 activity. Other studies with environmentally exposed populations are required to further clarify whether low blood levels of metals influence OS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André de Souza-Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | | | - Alissana Ester Iakmiu Camargo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Severo Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | | | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Ecke F, Singh NJ, Arnemo JM, Bignert A, Helander B, Berglund ÅMM, Borg H, Bröjer C, Holm K, Lanzone M, Miller T, Nordström Å, Räikkönen J, Rodushkin I, Ågren E, Hörnfeldt B. Sublethal Lead Exposure Alters Movement Behavior in Free-Ranging Golden Eagles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5729-5736. [PMID: 28414429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning of animals due to ingestion of fragments from lead-based ammunition in carcasses and offal of shot wildlife is acknowledged globally and raises great concerns about potential behavioral effects leading to increased mortality risks. Lead levels in blood were correlated with progress of the moose hunting season. Based on analyses of tracking data, we found that even sublethal lead concentrations in blood (25 ppb, wet weight), can likely negatively affect movement behavior (flight height and movement rate) of free-ranging scavenging Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Lead levels in liver of recovered post-mortem analyzed eagles suggested that sublethal exposure increases the risk of mortality in eagles. Such adverse effects on animals are probably common worldwide and across species, where game hunting with lead-based ammunition is widespread. Our study highlights lead exposure as a considerably more serious threat to wildlife conservation than previously realized and suggests implementation of bans of lead ammunition for hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences , Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway
| | - Anders Bignert
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Björn Helander
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M M Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University , SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Borg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bröjer
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Holm
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lanzone
- Cellular Tracking Technologies, Rio Grande, New Jersey 08242, United States
| | - Tricia Miller
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Åke Nordström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jannikke Räikkönen
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Ågren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
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Ruiz SR, Espín S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Salminen JP, Lilley TM, Eeva T. Vitamin profiles in two free-living passerine birds under a metal pollution gradient - A calcium supplementation experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:242-252. [PMID: 28068581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin and carotenoid deficiency may impair development in free-living vertebrates, because of the importance of these micronutrients to growth, antioxidant defense and calcium regulation. Micronutrient and calcium insufficiency can be intensified by metal pollution which can interfere with nutrient homeostasis or indirectly reduce food availability. Furthermore, absorption of dietary heavy metals is dependent on food calcium and vitamin levels. We investigated the effect of calcium on plasma vitamin and carotenoid profiles and how these affected growth and survival in two passerine birds with different calcium turnover living along a metal pollution gradient. Vitamins (A, D3 and E) and carotenoids were quantified from blood plasma of great tit (Parus major) and pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings. Metal concentrations in soil and in feces from the same nestlings were used to assess the exposure to air pollution. Additionally, we examined the vitamin level variation between developmental stages (eggs and nestlings within the same brood). Our results showed that generally higher concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids circulate in blood of great tits than in pied flycatchers. In general, birds inhabiting the polluted zone presented lower concentrations of the studied micronutrients. Calcium supplementation and metal pollution decreased vitamin A concentration in pied flycatcher, but not in great tit, while vitamin A affected growth and survival in great tit and pied flycatcher respectively. Our results suggest that populations under exposure to metal pollution may experience increased vitamin A deficiency, and that the two passerine species, while obtaining similar micronutrients in food, respond differently to environmental disturbance of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Thomas M Lilley
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Biology Department, Bucknell University, Pennsylvania, PA 17837, USA
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Almeida Lopes ACBD, Silbergeld EK, Navas-Acien A, Zamoiski R, Martins Jr. ADC, Camargo AEI, Urbano MR, Mesas AE, Paoliello MMB. Association between blood lead and blood pressure: a population-based study in Brazilian adults. Environ Health 2017; 16:27. [PMID: 28292314 PMCID: PMC5351182 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental lead exposure among adults may increase blood pressure and elevate the risk of hypertension. The availability of data on blood lead levels (BLL) in adult Brazilian population is scarce and population-based studies are important for screening the population exposure and also to evaluate associations with adverse health effects. The goal of this study was to examine the association of BLL with blood pressure and hypertension in a population-based study in a city in Southern Brazil. METHODS A total of 948 adults, aged 40 years or older, were randomly selected. Information on socioeconomic, dietary, lifestyle and occupational background was obtained by orally administered household interviews. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured according to the guidelines VI Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension. BLL were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations of BLL with SBP and DBP, and with the chance of hypertension and of elevated SBP and DBP. RESULTS The geometric mean of BLL was 1.97 μg/dL (95%CI:1.90-2.04 μg/dL). After multivariable adjustment, participants in the quartile 4 of blood lead presented 0.06 mm/Hg (95%CI, 0.04-0.09) average difference in DBP comparing with those in quartile 1. Participants in the 90th percentile of blood lead distribution had 0.07 mmHg (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.11) higher DBP compared with those participants in the 10th percentile of blood lead. The adjusted OR for hypertension was 2.54 (95% CI, 1.17-5.53), comparing the highest to the lowest blood lead quartiles. Compared with participants in the 10th percentile of blood lead, participants in the 90th percentile presented higher OR for hypertension (OR: 2.77; 95% CI, 1.41 to 5.46). CONCLUSION At low concentrations, BLL were positively associated with DBP and with the odds for hypertension in adults aged 40 or older. It is important to enforce lead exposure monitoring and the enactment of regulatory laws to prevent lead contamination in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Kovner Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Rachel Zamoiski
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Airton da Cunha Martins Jr.
- Graduate Program in Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo – USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alissana Ester Iakmiu Camargo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
| | - Mariana Ragassi Urbano
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
- Department of Statistics, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
- Department of Public Health, State University of Londrina – UEL, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
| | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná Brazil
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
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Costantini D, Smith S, Killen SS, Nielsen J, Steffensen JF. The Greenland shark: A new challenge for the oxidative stress theory of ageing? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 203:227-232. [PMID: 27717642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The free radical theory of ageing predicts that long-lived species should be more resistant to oxidative damage than short-lived species. Although many studies support this theory, recent studies found notable exceptions that challenge the generality of this theory. In this study, we have analysed the oxidative status of the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), which has recently been found as the longest living vertebrate animal known to science with a lifespan of at least 272years. As compared to other species, the Greenland shark had body mass-corrected values of muscle glutathione peroxidase and red blood cells protein carbonyls (metric of protein oxidative damage) above 75 percentile and below 25 percentile, respectively. None of the biochemical metrics of oxidative status measured in either skeletal muscle or red blood cells were correlated with maximum lifespan of species. We propose that the values of metrics of oxidative status we measured might be linked to ecological features (e.g., adaptation to cold waters and deep dives) of this shark species rather to its lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Shona Smith
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julius Nielsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - John F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
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44
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Meillère A, Brischoux F, Bustamante P, Michaud B, Parenteau C, Marciau C, Angelier F. Corticosterone levels in relation to trace element contamination along an urbanization gradient in the common blackbird (Turdus merula). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:93-101. [PMID: 27213675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a rapidly urbanizing world, trace element pollution may represent a threat to human health and wildlife, and it is therefore crucial to assess both exposition levels and associated effects of trace element contamination on urban vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the impact of urbanization on trace element contamination and stress physiology in a wild bird species, the common blackbird (Turdus merula), along an urbanization gradient (from rural to moderately urbanized areas). Specifically, we described the contamination levels of blackbirds by 4 non-essential (Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb) and 9 essential trace elements (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn), and explored the putative disrupting effects of the non-essential element contamination on corticosterone levels (a hormonal proxy for environmental challenges). We found that non-essential trace element burden (Cd and Pb specifically) increased with increasing urbanization, indicating a significant trace element contamination even in medium sized cities and suburban areas. Interestingly, the increased feather non-essential trace element concentrations were also associated with elevated feather corticosterone levels, suggesting that urbanization probably constrains birds and that this effect may be mediated by trace element contamination. Future experimental studies are now required to disentangle the influence of multiple urban-related constraints on corticosterone levels and to specifically test the influence of each of these trace elements on corticosterone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Meillère
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Bruno Michaud
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Coline Marciau
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, F-79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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45
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Amri N, Hammouda A, Rahmouni F, Chokri MA, Chaabane R, Selmi S, Rebai T, Badraoui R. Reproductive effects in hybrid sparrow from a polluted area in Tunisia: Oxidative damage and altered testicular histomorphology. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:164-170. [PMID: 27039245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a threat for human health and wildlife. The aim of this study is to assess the pathophysiological changes and the oxidative-antioxidative status in testicular tissues of 40 Hybrid sparrows collected from four areas in Gabès city, one of the most polluted areas in Tunisia. The testis histopathological analysis revealed alterations in birds from Ghannouche, the polluted area. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were higher in testis of birds from the contaminated site compared to less polluted areas indicating oxidative damage to membrane lipids. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were lower in testis sparrows from the polluted site compared with the reference site, suggesting deficiency of the antioxidant system to compensate for oxidative stress. Overall, our results suggest that the hybrid sparrow offers a suitable model for biomonitoring programs of atmosphere pollutants and the selected biomarkers could be useful tool to evaluate pollution impacts in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Amri
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdessalem Hammouda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès University, Zrig, 6072 Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Med Ali Chokri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès University, Zrig, 6072 Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Rim Chaabane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hédi Chaker of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slaheddine Selmi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès University, Zrig, 6072 Gabès, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetic, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis El-Manar University, 1007 La Rabta-Tunis, Tunisia.
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46
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Vallverdú-Coll N, Mougeot F, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Rodriguez-Estival J, López-Antia A, Mateo R. Lead exposure reduces carotenoid-based coloration and constitutive immunity in wild mallards. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1516-25. [PMID: 26551027 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of spent lead (Pb) from ammunition is a known cause of mortality in waterfowl, but little is known about sublethal effects produced by Pb poisoning on birds, especially in wild populations. The authors studied potential sublethal effects associated with Pb exposure in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from the Ebro delta (northeastern Spain) after a ban on Pb ammunition. They analyzed the relationships between blood Pb levels and oxidative stress, immune response, and carotenoid-based coloration, which are known to be influenced by oxidative stress. Levels of Pb were reduced by half from 6 yr to 9 yr after the ban. Lipid peroxidation was positively related to Pb levels in females. The δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was suppressed by Pb exposure and negatively associated with the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Carotenoid levels were positively associated with blood Pb concentration in both sexes, and males with higher Pb levels presented a less intense coloration in legs and beak. Levels of Pb were positively related to hemolytic activity of circulating immune system components and negatively related to lysozyme levels. In summary, Pb exposure was associated in a gender-specific way with increased oxidative stress, consequences on color expression, and impaired constitutive immunity. In females, antioxidants seemed to be allocated mostly in reproduction rather than in self-maintenance, whereas males seemed to better maintain oxidative balance to the detriment of coloration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1516-1525. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Mougeot
- Institute of Research in Game Resources, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel E Ortiz-Santaliestra
- Institute of Research in Game Resources, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Ana López-Antia
- Institute of Research in Game Resources, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Institute of Research in Game Resources, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain
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47
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Ruiz S, Espín S, Rainio M, Ruuskanen S, Salminen JP, Lilley TM, Eeva T. Effects of dietary lead exposure on vitamin levels in great tit nestlings - An experimental manipulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:688-697. [PMID: 27023278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metal pollution negatively affects animal physiology, including nutrient metabolism, but in the wild an effect can seldom be attributed to a single metal. Moreover, little is known about how the metabolism of vitamins, essential micronutrients for developing juveniles, is affected by toxic metals. Therefore we experimentally investigated the effects of lead (Pb), a widespread toxic metal, on four fat-soluble vitamins A (total and retinol), D3, E (total and α-tocopherol) and K and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and unidentified) in great tit (Parus major) nestlings. In addition to a control group where no Pb was provided, two Pb-dosed groups were compared to a metal exposed group in the vicinity of a Ni-Cu smelter. We examined whether Pb treatment affects vitamin homeostasis and how the response of Pb-treated birds relates to that of a population under industrial exposure of Pb and other metals. For this purpose, vitamin and carotenoid levels were quantified with UPLC-MS from plasma of 7 days-old nestlings. All metal exposed groups showed increased vitamin A and retinol levels. However, vitamin levels were not directly associated with fecal Pb levels, with the exception of retinol, which was positively correlated with fecal Pb. Alpha-tocopherol, lutein and zeaxanthin levels were positively associated with body mass and wing growth rate. To conclude, Pb exposure increased plasma vitamin A and retinol levels while the levels of other vitamins and carotenoids rather reflected secondary pollution effects via differences in habitat and diet quality at the smelter site. Our findings suggest Pb exposed nestlings may allocate the vitamins needed for growth and development to fight the physiological stress thus compromising their fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Silvia Espín
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Miia Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Thomas M Lilley
- Biology Department, Bucknell University, Pennsylvania, PA 17837, USA
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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48
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Espín S, García-Fernández AJ, Herzke D, Shore RF, van Hattum B, Martínez-López E, Coeurdassier M, Eulaers I, Fritsch C, Gómez-Ramírez P, Jaspers VLB, Krone O, Duke G, Helander B, Mateo R, Movalli P, Sonne C, van den Brink NW. Tracking pan-continental trends in environmental contamination using sentinel raptors-what types of samples should we use? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:777-801. [PMID: 26944290 PMCID: PMC4823350 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the environment across Europe from industrial contaminants and pesticides. No such pan-European evaluation currently exists. Coordination of such large scale monitoring would require harmonisation across multiple countries of the types of samples collected and analysed-matrices vary in the ease with which they can be collected and the information they provide. We report the first ever pan-European assessment of which raptor samples are collected across Europe and review their suitability for biomonitoring. Currently, some 182 monitoring programmes across 33 European countries collect a variety of raptor samples, and we discuss the relative merits of each for monitoring current priority and emerging compounds. Of the matrices collected, blood and liver are used most extensively for quantifying trends in recent and longer-term contaminant exposure, respectively. These matrices are potentially the most effective for pan-European biomonitoring but are not so widely and frequently collected as others. We found that failed eggs and feathers are the most widely collected samples. Because of this ubiquity, they may provide the best opportunities for widescale biomonitoring, although neither is suitable for all compounds. We advocate piloting pan-European monitoring of selected priority compounds using these matrices and developing read-across approaches to accommodate any effects that trophic pathway and species differences in accumulation may have on our ability to track environmental trends in contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Espín
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - A J García-Fernández
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Herzke
- FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R F Shore
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - B van Hattum
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - E Martínez-López
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Coeurdassier
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - I Eulaers
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C Fritsch
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - P Gómez-Ramírez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - V L B Jaspers
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, EU2-169, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - O Krone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Duke
- Centre for the Environment, Oxford University Environmental Change Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - B Helander
- Environmental Research & Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos-IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Movalli
- Department of Collections, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Århus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - N W van den Brink
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8000, NL-6700EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Espín S, Martínez-López E, Jiménez P, María-Mojica P, García-Fernández AJ. Interspecific differences in the antioxidant capacity of two Laridae species exposed to metals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:115-124. [PMID: 26866449 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to assess the concentration of metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn) in blood, and elucidate their potential effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in red blood cells of Audouin's gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii) and Slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei) chicks in Southeastern Spain. For this purpose, total glutathione (GSH) content, antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione peroxidase, GPx; superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT and glutathione-S-transferase, GST), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were analyzed. In general, metal exposure in both species can be considered low, except for Hg in Audouin's gull. Our findings show higher antioxidant levels in Audouin's gull than in Slender-billed gull; probably due to a combination of different basal antioxidant capacity between species, and to an up-regulation of the antioxidant system in Audouin's gull as a response to the higher Hg, Cu and Zn concentrations. This could reduce the production of TBARS keeping them at lower levels than those found in Slender-billed gull. In spite of this, the significantly higher Hg levels found in Audouin's gull (13.6µg/dl wet weight) in comparison to Slender-billed gull (2.7µg/dl), likely related to their different diet and the former consuming discarded fish, were able to produce lipid peroxidation in this species. The positive effect of Hg on SOD activity in Slender-billed gull, and of Pb on GSH levels in Audouin's gull, could reflect the necessity of the organism to upregulate these antioxidants to balance the increased oxidative stress caused by metals. The degree of metal exposure seems to be essential in the response of the antioxidant system, which may suffer up or down-regulations depending on metal concentrations. This study supports the interactive effects of metals on oxidative stress biomarkers, the complexity of the antioxidant system and the close cooperation between antioxidants, which requires the study of several metals and biomarkers to evaluate oxidative stress and damage in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Espín
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Jiménez
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro María-Mojica
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; "Santa Faz" Wildlife Recovery Centre, Conselleria de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente, Cambio Climático y Desarrollo Rural, Generalitat Valenciana, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Antonio J García-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Socio-Sanitary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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50
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Cao W, Xiao L, Liu G, Fang T, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Cai J, Wang J. Dietary arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhances the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma against oxidative stress in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:2303-11. [PMID: 27109002 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG), an effective precursor of arginine (ARG), can enhance ARG synthesis, increase intestinal growth, and improve reproductive performance. However, the antioxidant effect of NCG remains largely unknown. This study aims to survey the effects of ARG and NCG supplementation on the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma in rats under oxidative stress. Rats were fed for 30 days with one of the three iso-nitrogenous diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 1% ARG, and BD plus 0.1% NCG. On day 28, half of the rats fed with BD were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg per kg body weight of diquat (diquat group) and the other half was injected intraperitoneally with sterile 0.9% NaCl solution (control group). The other diet groups also received an intraperitoneal injection of 12 mg per kg body weight of diquat, as follows: diquat + 1% ARG (DT + ARG), and diquat + 0.1% NCG (DT + NCG). Rat liver and plasma samples obtained 48 h after diquat injection were analyzed. Results indicated that diquat significantly affected the plasma conventional biochemical components (relative to the controls), which were partially alleviated in both the DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups (P < 0.05). Diquat also significantly decreased the glutathione (GSH) content (by 30.0%), and decreased anti-superoxide anion (ASA; by 13.8%) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR; by 38.9%) abilities in the plasma, and also decreased catalase (CAT) activity both in the liver (by 17.5%) and plasma (by 33.4%) compared with the control group. By contrast, diquat increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (by 23.0%) in the plasma (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Relative to those of the diquat group, higher CAT activity and GSH content were noted in the plasma of the DT + ARG group and in the liver of both DT + ARG and DT + NCG groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DT + ARG group exhibited significantly enhanced plasma ASA activity (P < 0.05). The DT + NCG group showed significantly improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver and plasma (P < 0.05). Increased GSH content and elevated ASA and AHR activities were also found, but the MDA content in the plasma was depleted (P < 0.05). Compared with the DT + ARG group, the DT + NCG group showed increased liver and plasma T-AOC, enhanced plasma AHR activity, increased liver ASA activity, and decreased plasma MDA content (P < 0.05). Overall, supplementation of 1% ARG and 0.1% NCG can partially protect the liver and plasma from oxidative stress. Furthermore, compared with 1% ARG, 0.1% NCG more effectively alleviated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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