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Ran Q, Song D, Wang Q, Wang D, Chen X, Zhang A, Ma L. Resveratrol Alleviates Arsenic Exposure-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Hepatocyte Senescence. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04255-9. [PMID: 38831176 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental pollutant that has garnered considerable attention from the World Health Organization. Liver fibrosis is an advanced pathological stage of liver injury that can be caused by chronic arsenic exposure and has the potential to be reversed to prevent cirrhosis and hepatic malignancies. However, effective treatment options are currently limited. Given the profibrogenic effect of hepatocyte senescence, we established a rat model of sub-chronic sodium arsenite exposure and investigated the ability of resveratrol (RSV), a potential anti-senescence agent, to ameliorate arsenic-induced liver fibrosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism from the perspective of hepatocyte senescence. The results demonstrated that RSV was capable of mitigating fibrosis phenotypes in rat livers, including the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC), the generation of extracellular matrix, and the deposition of collagen fibers in the liver vascular zone, which are all induced by arsenic exposure. Furthermore, as an activator of the longevity factor SIRT1, RSV antagonized the arsenic-induced inhibition of SIRT1 expression, thereby restoring the suppression of the senescence protein p16 by SIRT1. This prevented arsenic-induced hepatocyte senescence, manifesting as a decrease in telomere shortening and a reduction in the release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related proteins. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that RSV counteracts arsenic-induced hepatocyte senescence and the release of SASP-related proteins by restoring the inhibitory effect of SIRT1 on p16, thereby suppressing the activation of fibrotic phenotypes and mitigating liver fibrosis. These findings provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of arsenic-induced liver fibrosis, and more importantly, they reveal novel potential interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dingyi Song
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention, Control of Endemic and Ethnic Regional Diseases Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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De Pretis F, Zhou Y, Xun P, Shao K. Benchmark dose modeling for epidemiological dose-response assessment using prospective cohort studies. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:743-756. [PMID: 37496455 PMCID: PMC10817999 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Benchmark dose (BMD) methodology has been employed as a default dose-response modeling approach to determine the toxicity value of chemicals to support regulatory chemical risk assessment. Especially, a relatively standardized BMD analysis framework has been established for modeling toxicological data regarding the formats of input data, dose-response models, definitions of benchmark response, and model uncertainty consideration. However, the BMD approach has not been well developed for epidemiological data mainly because of the diverse designs of epidemiological studies and various formats of data reported in the literature. Although most of the epidemiological BMD analyses were developed to solve a particular question, the methods proposed in two recent studies are able to handle cohort and case-control studies using summary data with consideration of adjustments for confounders. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate and compare the "effective count"-based BMD modeling approach and adjusted relative risk (RR)-based BMD analysis approach to identify an appropriate BMD modeling framework that can be generalized for analyzing published data of prospective cohort studies for BMD analysis. The two methods were applied to the same set of studies that investigated the association between bladder and lung cancer and inorganic arsenic exposure for BMD estimation. The results suggest that estimated BMDs and BMDLs are relatively consistent; however, with the consideration of established common practice in BMD analysis, modeling adjusted RR values as continuous data for BMD estimation is a more generalizable approach harmonized with the BMD approach using toxicological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Pretis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, RE 42124, Italy
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Global Value Access and Outcomes, Atara Biotherapeutics Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Kan Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Issanov A, Adewusi B, Saint-Jacques N, Dummer TJB. Arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer: A systematic review of 35 years of evidence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116808. [PMID: 38218206 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The association between higher arsenic concentrations in drinking water and lung cancer is well-established. However, the risk associated with lower levels of arsenic exposure remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence on the relationship between exposure to arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer outcomes as measured over a broad range of exposures, including lower levels. A total of 51 studies were included in the review and 15 met criteria for inclusion in meta-analysis. Risk estimates for lung cancer incidence and mortality were pooled and analyzed separately using Bayesian hierarchical random-effects models with a Gaussian observation submodel for log(Risk), computed using the "brms" R package. For lung cancer incidence, the predicted posterior mean relative risks (RRs) at arsenic concentrations of 10, 50 and 150 μg/L were 1.11 (0.86-1.43), 1.67 (1.27-2.17) and 2.21 (1.61-3.02), respectively, with posterior probabilities of 79%, 100% and 100%, respectively, for the RRs to be >1. The posterior mean mortality ratios at 20, 50 and 150 μg/L were 1.22 (0.83-1.78), 2.10 (1.62-2.71) and 2.41 (1.88-3.08), respectively, with posterior probabilities being above 80%. In addition to observing the dose-response relationship, these findings demonstrate that individuals exposed to low to moderate levels of arsenic (<150 μg/L) were at an elevated risk of developing or dying from lung cancer. Given the widespread exposure to lower levels of arsenic, there is an urgent need for vigilance and potential revisions to regulatory guidelines to protect people from the cancer risks associated with arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpamys Issanov
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Betty Adewusi
- Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Nova Scotia Health, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Nova Scotia Health, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Xu X, Li L, Zhou H, Fan M, Wang H, Wang L, Hu Q, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Ji S. MRTCM: A comprehensive dataset for probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in traditional Chinese medicine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114395. [PMID: 36508783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still considered a global complementary or alternative medical system, but exogenous hazardous contaminants remain in TCM even after decocting. Besides, it is time-consuming to conduct a risk assessment of trace elements in TCMs with a non-automatic approach due to the wide variety of TCMs. Here, we present MRTCM, a cloud-computing infrastructure for automating the probabilistic risk assessment of metals and metalloids in TCM. MRTCM includes a consumption database and a pollutant database involving forty million rows of consumption data and fourteen types of TCM potentially toxic elements concentrations. The algorithm of probabilistic risk assessment was also packaged in MRTCM to assess the risks of eight elements with Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrated that 96.64% and 99.46% had no non-carcinogenic risk (hazard indices (HI) were < 1.0) for animal and herbal medicines consumers, respectively. After twenty years of exposure, less than 1% of the total carcinogenic risk (CRt) was > 10-4 for TCM consumers, indicating that they are at potential risk for carcinogenicity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that annual consumption and concentration were the main variables affecting the assessment results. Ultimately, a priority management list of TCMs was also generated, indicating that more attention should be paid to the non-carcinogenic risks of As, Mn, and Hg and the carcinogenic risks of As and Cr in Pheretima and Cr in Arcae Conch. In general, MRTCM could significantly enhance the efficiency of risk assessment in TCM and provide reasonable guidance for policymakers to optimize risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Limin Li
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang 314006, China.
| | - Shen Ji
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Alshana U, Altun B, Ertaş N, Çakmak G, Kadioglu E, Hisarlı D, Aşık E, Atabey E, Çelebi CR, Bilir N, Serçe H, Tuncer AM, Burgaz S. Evaluation of low-to-moderate arsenic exposure, metabolism and skin lesions in a Turkish rural population exposed through drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 304:135277. [PMID: 35688195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no human data regarding the exposure, metabolism and potential health effects of arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water in the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. METHODS Residents in ten villages with drinking water of total As (T-As) level >50 μg L-1 and 10-50 μg L-1 were selected as an exposed group (n = 420) and <10 μg L-1 as an unexposed group (n = 185). Time-weighted average-As (TWA-As) intake was calculated from T-As analysis of drinking water samples. Concentrations of T-As in urine and hair samples, urinary As species [i.e., As(III), As(V), MMA(V) and DMA(V], and some micronutrients in serum samples of residents of the study area were determined. Primary and secondary methylation indices (PMI and SMI, respectively) were assessed from urinary As species concentrations and the presence of skin lesion was examined. RESULTS TWA-As intake was found as 75 μg L-1 in the exposed group. Urinary and hair T-As and urinary As species concentrations were significantly higher in the exposed group (P < 0.05). The PMI and SMI values revealed that methylation capacities of the residents were efficient and that there was no saturation in As metabolism. No significant increase was observed in the frequency of skin lesions (hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, keratosis) of the exposed group (P > 0.05). Only frequency of keratosis either at the hand or foot was higher in individuals with hair As concentration >1 μg g-1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Individuals living in the study area were chronically exposed to low-to-moderate As due to geological contamination in drinking water. No significant increase was observed in the frequency of skin lesions. Because of the controversy surrounding the health risks of low-to-moderate As exposure, it is critical to initiate long-term follow-up studies on health effects in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Alshana
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beril Altun
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nusret Ertaş
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gonca Çakmak
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ela Kadioglu
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Hisarlı
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Aşık
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eşref Atabey
- General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nazmi Bilir
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Serçe
- Ürgüp State Hospital, Turkish Ministry of Health, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - A Murat Tuncer
- Turkish Ministry of Health, Cancer Control Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Burgaz
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Speer RM, Zhou X, Volk LB, Liu KJ, Hudson LG. Arsenic and cancer: Evidence and mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:151-202. [PMID: 36858772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent carcinogen and poses a significant health concern worldwide. Exposure occurs through ingestion of drinking water and contaminated foods and through inhalation due to pollution. Epidemiological evidence shows arsenic induces cancers of the skin, lung, liver, and bladder among other tissues. While studies in animal and cell culture models support arsenic as a carcinogen, the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Arsenic carcinogenesis is a complex process due its ability to be metabolized and because of the many cellular pathways it targets in the cell. Arsenic metabolism and the multiple forms of arsenic play distinct roles in its toxicity and contribute differently to carcinogenic endpoints, and thus must be considered. Arsenic generates reactive oxygen species increasing oxidative stress and damaging DNA and other macromolecules. Concurrently, arsenic inhibits DNA repair, modifies epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and targets protein function due its ability to replace zinc in select proteins. While these mechanisms contribute to arsenic carcinogenesis, there remain significant gaps in understanding the complex nature of arsenic cancers. In the future improving models available for arsenic cancer research and the use of arsenic induced human tumors will bridge some of these gaps in understanding arsenic driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lindsay B Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Guo X, Su W, Li N, Song Q, Wang H, Liang Q, Li Y, Lowe S, Bentley R, Zhou Z, Song EJ, Cheng C, Zhou Q, Sun C. Association of urinary or blood heavy metals and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67483-67503. [PMID: 35917074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amounting epidemiological evidence has shown detrimental effects of heavy metals on a wide range of diseases. However, the effect of heavy metal exposure on mortality in the general population remains unclear. The primary objective of this study was to clarify the associations between heavy metals and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer based on prospective studies. We comprehensively searched Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science electronic databases to identify studies published from their inception until 1 March 2022. Investigators identified inclusion criteria, extracted study characteristics, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies according to standardized guidelines. Meta-analysis was conducted if the effect estimates of the same outcome were reported in at least three studies. Finally, 42 original studies were identified. The results of meta-analysis showed that cadmium and lead exposure was significantly associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer in the general population. Moderate evidence suggested there was a link between arsenic exposure and mortality. The adverse effects of mercury and other heavy metals on mortality were inconclusive. Epidemiological evidence for the joint effect of heavy metal exposure on mortality was still indeterminate. In summary, our study provided compelling evidence that exposure to cadmium, lead, and arsenic were associated with mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer, while the evidence on other heavy metals, for example mercury, was insignificant or indeterminate. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are warranted to explore the joint effects of multiple metal exposure on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Li
- Internal Medicine, Swedish Hospital, 5140 N California Ave, Chicago, IL, 60625, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Ave, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Rachel Bentley
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Evelyn J Song
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ce Cheng
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Banner-University Medical Center South, 2800 E Ajo Way, Tucson, AZ, 85713, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA.
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Xu X, Li L, Zhou H, Hu Q, Wang L, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Ji S. Heavy Metals and Probabilistic Risk Assessment via Pheretima (a Traditional Chinese Medicine) Consumption in China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:803592. [PMID: 35069214 PMCID: PMC8767006 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.803592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms are known to accumulate inorganic contaminants from the soil; they are also used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) called Pheretima, which might cause safety problems with long-term exposure. Here, this study was conducted to determine and analyze the level of heavy metal contamination such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in Pheretima and then explore the probabilistic health risks caused by 8 heavy metals in 98 batches of Pheretima using Monte Carlo simulation. A risk assessment strategy was conducted to assess heavy metal-associated health risk of Pheretima based on consumption data. For random consumption sampling, the results found that the non-carcinogenic risk of As is higher than the acceptable level, and the carcinogenic risk levels of As and Cr exceeded the acceptable risk recommended by the USEPA. Cr and As were regarded as the priority metals for risk control in the present study. Finally, it was recommended that the dosing frequency should be less than 24 d/y. In general, this study conducted a probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metals in Pheretima, which would be of significance for policy makers to take effective strategies to improve the quality and safety of Pheretima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limin Li
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shen Ji
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Kuo CC, Balakrishnan P, Gribble MO, Best LG, Goessler W, Umans JG, Navas-Acien A. The association of arsenic exposure and arsenic metabolism with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in the Strong Heart Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107029. [PMID: 34890900 PMCID: PMC9123362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low-moderate levels of arsenic exposure and of arsenic metabolism on mortality remains uncertain. We used data from a prospective cohort study in 3600 men and women aged 45 to 75 years living in Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota. The biomarker of inorganic arsenic exposure was the sum of urine inorganic (iAs), monomethylated (MMA) and dimethylated (DMA) arsenic compounds (ƩAs) at baseline. The proportions of urine iAs, MMA and DMA over the ƩiAs, expressed as iAs%, MMA%, and DMA%, respectively, were used as biomarkers of arsenic metabolism. Arsenic exposure and arsenic metabolism were associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. For each interquartile range (IQR) increase in ƩAs (12.5 μg/L, overall range 0.7-194.1 μg/L), the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were 1.28 (95% CI 1.16-1.41) for all-cause mortality, 1.28 (1.08-1.52) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.15 (0.92-1.44) for cancer mortality. The aHR for mortality for each IQR increase in MMA%, when iAs% is decreasing, was 1.52 (95% CI 1.16-1.99) for cardiovascular disease, 0.73 (0.55-0.98) for cancer, and 1.03 (0.90-1.19) for all-cause mortality. These findings at low-moderate levels of arsenic exposure highlight the need to implement public health measures to protect populations from involuntary arsenic exposure and for research to advance the biological and clinical understanding of arsenic-related health effects in general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Poojitha Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lyle G Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc., Timber Lake, South Dakota
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA; Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, USA
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10
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Abuawad A, Bozack AK, Saxena R, Gamble MV. Nutrition, one-carbon metabolism and arsenic methylation. Toxicology 2021; 457:152803. [PMID: 33905762 PMCID: PMC8349595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) is a major public health concern globally. Inorganic As (InAs) undergoes hepatic methylation to form monomethyl (MMAs)- and dimethyl (DMAs)-arsenical species, facilitating urinary As elimination. MMAsIII is considerably more toxic than either InAsIII or DMAsV, and a higher proportion of MMAs in urine has been associated with risk for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Efficiency of As methylation differs substantially between species, between individuals, and across populations. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a biochemical pathway that provides methyl groups for the methylation of As, and is influenced by folate and other micronutrients, such as vitamin B12, choline, betaine and creatine. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that OCM-related micronutrients play a critical role in As methylation. This review will summarize observational epidemiological studies, interventions, and relevant experimental evidence examining the role that OCM-related micronutrients have on As methylation, toxicity of As, and risk for associated adverse health-related outcomes. There is fairly robust evidence supporting the impact of folate on As methylation, and some evidence from case-control studies indicating that folate nutritional status influences risk for As-induced skin lesions and bladder cancer. However, the potential for folate to be protective for other As-related health outcomes, and the potential beneficial effects of other OCM-related micronutrients on As methylation and risk for health outcomes are less well studied and warrant additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Abuawad
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne K Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roheeni Saxena
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Xiao L, Zan G, Feng X, Bao Y, Huang S, Luo X, Xu X, Zhang Z, Yang X. The associations of multiple metals mixture with accelerated DNA methylation aging. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116230. [PMID: 33316491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a leading cause of mortality for the elderly and DNA methylation age is reported to be predictive of biological aging. However, few studies have investigated the associations between multiple metals exposure and accelerated aging in the elderly. We performed a pilot study of 288 elderly participants aged 50-115 years and measured genome-wide DNA methylation and 22 blood metals concentrations. Measures of DNA methylation age were estimated using CpGs from Illumina HumanMethylation EPIC BeadChip. Linear mixed regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to estimate the individual and overall associations between multiple metals and accelerated methylation aging. Single metal models revealed that each 1-standard deviance (SD) increase in log-transformed vanadium, cobalt, nickel, zinc, arsenic, and barium was associated with a -2.256, -1.318, 1.004, -1.926, 1.910 and -1.356 changes in ΔAge, respectively; meanwhile, for aging rate, the change was -0.019, -0.013, 0.010, -0.018, 0.023, and -0.012, respectively (all P < 0.05). The BKMR models showed reverse U-shaped associations of the overall metals mixture with ΔAge and aging rate. Downward trends of ΔAge and aging rate were observed for increasing quantiles of essential metals mixture, but upward trends were observed for non-essential metals mixture. Further individual analysis of the BKMR revealed that the 95% confidence interval of ΔAge and aging rate associated with vanadium, zinc, and arsenic did not cross 0, when other metals concentrations set at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile. Our findings suggest reverse U-shaped associations of the overall metals mixture with accelerated methylation aging for the first time, and vanadium, zinc, and arsenic may be major contributors driving the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaohui Zan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuming Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sifang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
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12
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Liao PJ, Hsu KH, Chiou HY, Chen CJ, Lee CH. Joint effects of genomic markers and urinary methylation capacity associated with inorganic arsenic metabolism on the occurrence of cancers among residents in arseniasis-endemic areas: A cohort subset with average fifteen-year follow-up. Biomed J 2020; 44:S218-S225. [PMID: 35297370 PMCID: PMC9068568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic results in many cancers in susceptible persons. The metabolism of inorganic arsenic and genomic susceptibility are thought to be associated with cancer occurrence. Methods This study aims to examine the interaction of genomic susceptibility markers and urinary methylation capacity indicators involved in inorganic arsenic metabolism with all-cancer occurrence. This study conducted a follow-up on 96 residents to determine their urinary inorganic arsenic metabolites and genomic assay from an arseniasis area. Among them, 24 cancer developed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine and estimate the candidate independent variables for cancer development. Results The residents with high inorganic arsenic exposure, high primary methylation index (PMI; MMA/InAs) (but lower secondary methylation index (SMI)), and non-heterogeneity type of genomic markers, including GSTO1, AS3MT, and MPO, tend to develop cancers. Subjects with higher PMI are at higher risk of developing cancers (HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.30–2.12). Cancer occurrence was greater among the CC type of GSTO1 (HR = 3.33; 95% CI = 1.11–10.00), CC type of AS3MT (HR = 19.21; 95% CI = 1.16–318.80), and AA type of MPO (HR = 13.40; 95% CI = 1.26–142.40). After adjusting confounders, a mutually moderating effect was revealed between genomic markers and methylation capacity on cancer occurrence. Conclusions This study found the hypermethylation responses to inorganic arsenic exposure and an array of genomic markers may increase the susceptibility of a wide range of organ cancers. The findings indicated a high-risk arsenic-exposed population to develop cancers. The phenotype of arsenic metabolism and genomic polymorphism suggested a potential preventive strategy for arsenic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liao
- Department of Health Care Administration, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Department of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Di Giovanni P, Di Martino G, Scampoli P, Cedrone F, Meo F, Lucisano G, Romano F, Staniscia T. Arsenic Exposure and Risk of Urothelial Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093105. [PMID: 32365627 PMCID: PMC7246722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid element widely distributed throughout the environment. Arsenic contaminated water has become an ongoing public health issue affecting hundred million people worldwide. The aim of this paper was to summarize the evidence in the association between arsenic metabolites and urinary tract cancer risk. Methods: A systematic review was conducted searching for observational studies that evaluated the association of arsenic metabolites and urinary tract cancer. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled by using random effects models. Results: All the metabolites considered in this study resulted to be significantly associated to urothelial cancer, respectively: IA% 3.51 (1.21-5.82) (p = 0.003), MMA with WMD = 2.77 (1.67-3.87) (p < 0.001) and DMA with WMD = -4.56 (-7.91-1.22) (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Arsenic metabolites are significantly associated to urothelial cancer. Future studies will help to verify the independent association(s) between arsenic metabolites and urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Di Giovanni
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3908713554118
| | - Piera Scampoli
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Cedrone
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Meo
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORESEARCH), Via Tiziano Veciello, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, P.zza Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Staniscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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14
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Rosendahl S, Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Björkman A. Hair arsenic level in rice-based diet-fed Staffordshire bull terriers. Vet Rec 2019; 186:e15. [PMID: 31666305 PMCID: PMC7363027 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background There have been concerns related to inorganic arsenic (iAs) in rice and the risk of chronic toxicity in human beings, especially children. Rice is a common constituent of pet food, and dogs often eat the same food on a continual daily basis for long periods of time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the risk of chronic iAs exposure in rice-based diet-fed dogs. Methods Hair iAs level was measured in seven rice-based diet-fed dogs (mean age 3.8 years) and in nine dogs that did not consume any rice (mean age 4.4 years), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results The hair iAs level was significantly higher (P=0.005) in dogs fed a rice-based diet (mean 0.143 µg/g) than in dogs that did not consume any rice (mean 0.086 µg/g), while age and sex did not show associations with hair iAs level. Conclusion The results suggest that eating a rice-based diet for long periods of time represents a risk for chronic iAs exposure in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rosendahl
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Anturaniemi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Wang D, Luo P, Zou Z, Wang Q, Yao M, Yu C, Wei S, Sun B, Zhu K, Zeng Q, Li J, Liang B, Zhang A. Alterations of arsenic levels in arsenicosis residents and awareness of its risk factors: A population-based 20-year follow-up study in a unique coal-borne arsenicosis County in Guizhou, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:18-27. [PMID: 31102951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, most arsenic (As) studies in populations are concerned with water-borne arsenicosis. However, residents in Xingren County of Guizhou Province, Southwest of China, represent a unique case of arsenicosis which is related to indoor combustion of high As-containing coal. This study aimed to assess the alterations of As levels and its risk factors in coal-borne arsenicosis residents during the past 20 years. METHODS Four follow-up investigations in Xingren County were selected from the year 1998 to 2017, a total of 245, 272, 584, and 309 residents were involved in the four investigations, respectively. Local external environmental medium (coal, soil, water, air, rice, corn and chili peppers) and biological samples (urine, hair) were collected at each time of investigation for total As analysis. Sociodemographics and lifestyles variables were extracted from the questionnaire investigation. Both univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were performed to analyze the variation of risk factors for coal-borne arsenicosis. RESULTS A substantial reduction of total As levels was observed both in external environmental medium and biological samples in the unique coal-borne arsenicosis region, especially since the year 2006. In addition, age, duration of consuming high As-containing coal and smoking status were found to be the most significant risk factors for coal-borne arsenicosis during the past 20 years by both two different logistic regression models. Room ventilation and grain drying modes were no longer to be risk factors since 1998 survey. Annual household income had always been an important protective factor for coal-borne arsenicosis in recent 20 years by both two different logistic regression models. Grain storage modes had become significant protective factor in 2014 and 2017 survey. A certain correlation between sex, education and coal-borne arsenicosis was observed by univariate logistic regression model but no clear links were found by multivariate logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS Considerable efforts to blocking As exposure from burning coal and As contaminated foods in this region are observed over the study period. Further practical health education programs may need to target individuals with long-term of As exposure, lower socioeconomic status and smoking in order to better prevent and control the occurrence and development of coal-borne arsenicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qingling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Maolin Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Chun Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Kai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Qibing Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Bing Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China.
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16
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Sinha D, Prasad P. Health effects inflicted by chronic low-level arsenic contamination in groundwater: A global public health challenge. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:87-131. [PMID: 31273810 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater arsenic (As) contamination is a global public health concern. The high level of As exposure (100-1000 μg/L or even higher) through groundwater has been frequently associated with serious public health hazards, e.g., skin disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, complications of gastrointestinal tract, liver and splenic ailments, kidney and bladder disorders, reproductive failure, neurotoxicity and cancer. However, reviews on low-level As exposure and the imperative health effects are far less documented. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set the permissible standard of As in drinking water at 10 μg/L. Considering the WHO and USEPA guidelines, most of the developed countries have established standards at or below this guideline. Worldwide many countries including India have millions of aquifers with low-level As contamination (≤50 μg/L). The exposed population of these areas might not show any As-related skin lesions (hallmark of As toxicity particularly in a population consuming As contaminated groundwater >300 μg/L) but might be subclinically affected. This review has attempted to encompass the wide range of health effects associated with chronic low-level As exposure ≤50 μg/L and the probable mechanisms that might provide a better insight regarding the underlying cause of these clinical manifestations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create mass awareness about the health effects of chronic low-level As exposure and planning of proper mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Priyanka Prasad
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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17
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Zhu X, Zeng XC, Chen X, Wu W, Wang Y. Inhibitory effect of nitrate/nitrite on the microbial reductive dissolution of arsenic and iron from soils into pore water. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:528-538. [PMID: 31119594 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It was well established that microbial communities are the major drive for the formation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. However, it remains to be elucidated for how nitrate/nitrite affects the microorganisms-catalyzed dissolution and reduction of arsenic. To address this issue, we collected soil samples containing high-contents of arsenic from the Shimen Realgar Mine area. Microcosm assay indicated that addition of nitrate/nitrite significantly inhibited the dissolution, reduction and release of As and Fe caused by the biological catalysis of microbial communities in the soils, meanwhile nitrate/nitrite was reduced into N2. To further investigate the molecular mechanism of this finding, we used a representative dissimilatory arsenate-respiring strain Shewanella sp. GL90 from the soils to perform the arsenic release assay. GL90 can efficiently catalyze the reductive dissolution, and promote the release of As and Fe in soils. It is interesting to see that the addition of nitrate/nitrite to the soils led to marked decreases in the GL90-mediated dissolution of As and Fe in the soils. Moreover, we found that this finding was attributed to that nitrate/nitrite significantly inhibited the transcription of the gene of the respiratory arsenate reductase protein in GL90 cells. This work provided new insights into the mechanisms for the coupling of As, N and Fe geochemical cycles in arsenic-rich soils, and for how environmental factors affect As concentration in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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18
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Boffetta P, Borron C. Low-Level Exposure to Arsenic in Drinking Water and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819863634. [PMID: 31384239 PMCID: PMC6651682 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819863634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water has been associated with an increased risk of lung and bladder cancer, but the presence of an increased risk at low levels is questionable. METHODS A systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis were conducted on risk estimates of lung and bladder cancer for exposure to arsenic in drinking water up to 150 µg/L, using a 2-stage approach based on a random-effects model. RESULTS Five studies of lung cancer were identified; the meta-relative risk (RR) for an increase of 10 µg/L arsenic level was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.06; P heterogeneity = .05). The meta-analysis of bladder cancer included 8 studies; the meta-RR for an increase of 10 µg/L arsenic level was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07, P heterogeneity = .01). Sensitivity analyses, including a 1-stage meta-regression, confirmed the main findings. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis provided evidence of a lack of an increased risk of lung and bladder cancer for exposure to arsenic in drinking water up to 150 µg/L, the highest concentration studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claire Borron
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Matsunaga K, Okuyama Y, Hirano R, Okabe S, Takahashi M, Satoh H. Development of a simple analytical method to determine arsenite using a DNA aptamer and gold nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:538-543. [PMID: 30836249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple analytical method was developed to determine the arsenite (As(III)) concentration using a DNA aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Prior to sample measurements, the method sensing mechanism was confirmed by analyzing the particle size of the AuNPs at each step of the analysis procedure, and the key operational parameters that affect the method performance were optimized. The optimal final NaCl concentration, incubation time with NaCl and pH of a 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid buffer were 60 mM, 10 min and 7.3, respectively. A calibration curve was created under optimized operational conditions. The calibration curve was linear from a 1.0- to 10-μM As(III) concentration. The detection limit was 2.1 μM (161 μg/L). Using the calibration curve, we evaluated groundwater samples spiked with As(III). As(III) concentrations in groundwater pretreated with a 0.2-μm-pore-size membrane filter and cation-exchange resin were determined by using the method, which suggests that the proposed method can be used to determine the As(III) concentration in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsunaga
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Yu Okuyama
- Douro Kensetsu K.K., New Hokkaido Building 12th Floor, 3-1 North-7, West-4, Sapporo, 060-7260, Japan.
| | - Reiko Hirano
- Morioka New Technology Business Creation Support Center, Cellspect Co., Ltd., 1-10-82 Kitaiioka, Morioka, Iwate 020-0857, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
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Zuo TT, Li YL, He HZ, Jin HY, Zhang L, Sun L, Gao F, Wang Q, Shen YJ, Ma SC, He LC. Refined assessment of heavy metal-associated health risk due to the consumption of traditional animal medicines in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:171. [PMID: 30783770 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the extent of heavy metal accumulation in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). In this study, the levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in traditional animal medicines were monitored using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Additionally, for the first time, a heavy metal risk assessment strategy was used to evaluate the potential risks of traditional animal medicines by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and cancer risk (CR). To obtain a refined risk assessment, the frequency of exposure to traditional animal medicines was determined from questionnaire data, and the safe factor for TCM was applied. Based on the standard levels for leech, it was found that earthworm, hive, scorpion, and leech accumulated high levels of heavy metals. The combined THQ (cTHQ) values indicated that ingestion of most traditional animal medicines would not pose a risk to the health of either male or female human beings. However, it was indicated that attention should be paid to the potential risk associated with cicada slough, earthworm, scorpion, turtle shells, and hive. Among heavy metals, As and Hg contributed to a major extent to the risk to human health. The CR assessment for Pb and As indicated that, with the exception of earthworm, the cancer risk was less than the acceptable lifetime risk for both males and females. Owing to the higher body weight, both THQ and CR were generally lower for males than for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zuo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shanxi, China
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yao-Lei Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huai-Zhen He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong-Yu Jin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fei Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Shen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, South Kingstown, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Lang-Chong He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shanxi, China.
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21
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Liao CH, Chang WS, Tsai CW, Hu PS, Wu HC, Hsu SW, Chen GL, Yueh TC, Shen TC, Hsia TC, Bau DAT. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Genotypes with the Risk of Bladder Cancer. In Vivo 2019; 32:1045-1050. [PMID: 30388078 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The breakage of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been reported to be one of the mechanisms required for tumor invasion, and the expression of MMP-7 in serum is correlated with poor prognosis of urinary bladder cancer patients. However, the role of the MMP-7 genotypes has been seldom examined among bladder cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the promoter polymorphic MMP-7 genotypes A-181G and C-153T among Taiwanese bladder cancer patients and evaluate the contribution of the genotypic variants of MMP-7 to bladder cancer risk in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and seventy-five bladder cancer patients and the same number of gender- and age-matched healthy controls were genotyped for A-181G and C-153T in the promoter of MMP-7 via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology. RESULTS The frequencies of AA, AG and GG at A-181G of the promoter of MMP-7 were 89.1, 8.8 and 2.1% in the bladder cancer patient group and 87.5, 10.9 and 1.6% in the matched healthy control group, respectively (p for trend=0.5475). There was no polymorphic genotype for MMP-7 C-153T among the Taiwanese population. The comparisons in allelic frequency distribution also support the findings that the G allele may not be the determinant allele for bladder cancer in Taiwan. In addition, the results showed that there is no significant association of the bladder risk with the MMP-7 A-181G genotype, even after adjustment for the possible confounding factors. Furthermore, there is no interaction of the genotypes of MMP-7 with age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption on bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the two MMP-7 polymorphisms, - A-181G and C-153T, do not play a major role in determining personal susceptibility to bladder cancer in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsi Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Shin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Guan-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Cheng Yueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Shen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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22
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Cha JD, Lourenço DB, Korkes F. Analysis of the association between bladder carcinoma and arsenic concentration in soil and water in southeast Brazil. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:906-913. [PMID: 30044600 PMCID: PMC6237532 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In approximately 50% of cases of bladder carcinoma, an associated predisposing factor can be established. The main factors are exposure to tobacco, arsenic (As) ore and aromatic compounds. Arsenic is a metalloid with a low average concentration in the earth's crust, and one of the most dangerous substances for human health. The present study aims to evaluate the incidence of hospitalization and mortality from bladder neoplasia and its possible association with As concentration in water and soil in two of the most critical regions of Brazil: the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. We have investigated bladder cancer hospitalization and mortality in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais during 2010-2014. Water and soil samples were analyzed and As concentrations were established. Data were obtained through the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Correlation was made with water samples from São Paulo and with data on soil analysis from Minas Gerais. The results revealed no direct association in the distinctive municipalities. Areas with high environmental As concentration had a low bladder cancer rate, while areas with normal as levels had similar cancer rates. The quantitative variables did not present a normal distribution (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we did not observe a correlation between as concentration in water or soil and bladder cancer's hospitalization and mortality rates in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Korkes
- Departamento de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Urologia, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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23
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Kim HT, Loftus JP, Mann S, Wakshlag JJ. Evaluation of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury Contamination in Over-the-Counter Available Dry Dog Foods With Different Animal Ingredients (Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:264. [PMID: 30410919 PMCID: PMC6209665 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the relative levels of heavy metals and arsenic content in commercial dog foods (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) of 51 over-the-counter maintenance or all-life-stage dry dog foods. All products were chosen and segregated based on meat sources (fish, poultry, red-meat—17 products from each category) as animal protein sources being the primary contaminated ingredient due to bioaccumulation. Methods: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed on products that were classified as fish, red meat (beef, pork, venison, bison) or poultry (chicken, turkey, duck) based. A non-Gaussian data distribution for each heavy metal within category distribution led to non-parametric statistical testing and median (range) descriptive statistics. Comparison to average human consumption based on mg/megacalorie (Mcal)was also examined. Results: Based on caloric consumption, total arsenic and heavy metal consumption is higher in dogs than in humans; however chronic toxic exposure levels are highly unlikely. Fish-based diets had significantly higher arsenic, cadmium and mercury content than the poultry or red meat-based diets (p < 0.01). Red meat-based diets (beef, venison and bison) had higher lead concentrations than poultry and fish-based diets (p < 0.03). Clinical Significance: Based on the findings, commercial dog foods appear to be safe for chronic consumption and concentrations of the heavy metals were dependent on primary protein sources. Overall, poultry-based diets had relatively lower heavy metal and arsenic content than red meat and fish-based diets. Despite the safety of most pet foods occasional outliers for lead render some concern for chronic exposure based on other species toxicity data and a lack of data in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Tae Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John P Loftus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United states
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
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24
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Bradham KD, Diamond GL, Burgess M, Juhasz A, Klotzbach JM, Maddaloni M, Nelson C, Scheckel K, Serda SM, Stifelman M, Thomas DJ. In vivo and in vitro methods for evaluating soil arsenic bioavailability: relevant to human health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:83-114. [PMID: 29553912 PMCID: PMC9347188 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1440902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is the most frequently occurring contaminant on the priority list of hazardous substances, which lists substances of greatest public health concern to people living at or near U.S. National Priorities List site. Accurate assessment of human health risks from exposure to As-contaminated soils depends on estimating its bioavailability, defined as the fraction of ingested As absorbed across the gastrointestinal barrier and available for systemic distribution and metabolism. Arsenic bioavailability varies among soils and is influenced by site-specific soil physical and chemical characteristics and internal biological factors. This review describes the state-of-the science that supports our understanding of oral bioavailability of soil As, the methods that are currently being explored for estimating soil As relative bioavailability (RBA), and future research areas that could improve our prediction of the oral RBA of soil As in humans. The following topics are addressed: (1) As soil geochemistry; (2) As toxicology; (3) in vivo models for estimating As RBA; (4) in vitro bioaccessibility methods; and (5) conclusions and research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Bradham
- a Public Health Chemistry Branch, Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Michele Burgess
- c Science Policy Branch, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Office of Land and Emergency Management , US Environmental Protection Agency , Arlington , VA , USA
| | - Albert Juhasz
- d Future Industries Institute , University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | | | - Mark Maddaloni
- e Region 2 , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , New York , NY , USA
| | - Clay Nelson
- a Public Health Chemistry Branch, Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Kirk Scheckel
- f Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Cincinnati , Ohio
| | - Sophia M Serda
- g Region 9 , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Marc Stifelman
- h Region 10 , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - David J Thomas
- i Pharmacokinetics Branch, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory , Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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25
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Li P, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Deng Y, Van Nostrand JD, Yuan T, Liu H, Wei D, Zhou J. Analysis of the functional gene structure and metabolic potential of microbial community in high arsenic groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:268-276. [PMID: 28672211 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial functional potential in high arsenic (As) groundwater ecosystems remains largely unknown. In this study, the microbial community functional composition of nineteen groundwater samples was investigated using a functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0). Samples were divided into low and high As groups based on the clustering analysis of geochemical parameters and microbial functional structures. The results showed that As related genes (arsC, arrA), sulfate related genes (dsrA and dsrB), nitrogen cycling related genes (ureC, amoA, and hzo) and methanogen genes (mcrA, hdrB) in groundwater samples were correlated with As, SO42-, NH4+ or CH4 concentrations, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results indicated that some geochemical parameters including As, total organic content, SO42-, NH4+, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH were important factors shaping the functional microbial community structures. Alkaline and reducing conditions with relatively low SO42-, ORP, and high NH4+, as well as SO42- and Fe reduction and ammonification involved in microbially-mediated geochemical processes could be associated with As enrichment in groundwater. This study provides an overall picture of functional microbial communities in high As groundwater aquifers, and also provides insights into the critical role of microorganisms in As biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhou Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Tong Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Dazhun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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26
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Kuo CC, Moon KA, Wang SL, Silbergeld E, Navas-Acien A. The Association of Arsenic Metabolism with Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087001. [PMID: 28796632 PMCID: PMC5880251 DOI: 10.1289/ehp577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available evidence on the role of arsenic metabolism in individual susceptibility to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes has not been formally and comprehensively reviewed. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to systematically investigate the association of arsenic metabolism with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes-related outcomes in epidemiologic studies. As a secondary objective, we characterized the variation of arsenic metabolism in different populations worldwide. METHODS We searched Medline/PubMed and EMBASE from inception to January 2016 and applied predetermined exclusion criteria. Compositional data analysis was used to describe the distribution of arsenic metabolism biomarkers and evaluate the association between arsenic exposure and metabolism. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, 12 on cancer, nine on cardiovascular disease, and seven on diabetes-related outcomes. The median (interquartile range) for mean iAs%, MMA%, and DMA% was 11.2 (7.8-14.9)%, 13.0 (10.4-13.6)%, and 74.9 (69.8-80.0)%, respectively. Findings across studies suggested that higher arsenic exposure levels were associated with higher iAs% and lower DMA% and not associated with MMA%. For cancer, most studies found a pattern of higher MMA% and lower DMA% associated with higher risk of all-site, urothelial, lung, and skin cancers. For cardiovascular disease, higher MMA% was generally associated with higher risk of carotid atherosclerosis and clinical cardiovascular disease but not with hypertension. For diabetes-related outcomes, the pattern of lower MMA% and higher DMA% was associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Population level of iAs% and DMA%, but not MMA%, were associated with arsenic exposure levels. Overall, study findings suggest that higher MMA% was associated with an increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, while lower MMA% was associated with an increased risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Additional population-based studies and experimental studies are needed to further evaluate and understand the role of arsenic exposure in arsenic metabolism and the role of arsenic metabolism in disease development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Kidney Institute and Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Katherine A Moon
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ellen Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health , New York, New York, USA
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27
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Mendez WM, Eftim S, Cohen J, Warren I, Cowden J, Lee JS, Sams R. Relationships between arsenic concentrations in drinking water and lung and bladder cancer incidence in U.S. counties. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:235-243. [PMID: 27901016 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased risks of lung and bladder cancer have been observed in populations exposed to high levels of inorganic arsenic. However, studies at lower exposures (i.e., less than 100 μg/l in water) have shown inconsistent results. We therefore conducted an ecological analysis of the association between historical drinking water arsenic concentrations and lung and bladder cancer incidence in U.S. counties. We used drinking water arsenic concentrations measured by the U.S. Geological Survey and state agencies in the 1980s and 1990s as proxies for historical exposures in counties where public groundwater systems and private wells are important sources of drinking water. Relationships between arsenic levels and cancer incidence in 2006-2010 were explored by Poisson regression analyses, adjusted for groundwater dependence and important demographic covariates. The median and 95th percentile county mean arsenic concentrations were 1.5 and 15.4 μg/l, respectively. Water arsenic concentrations were significant and positively associated with female and male bladder cancer, and with female lung cancer. Our findings support an association between low water arsenic concentrations and lung and bladder cancer incidence in the United States. However, the limitations of the ecological study design suggest caution in interpreting these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Cowden
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reeder Sams
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Mauriello MC, Sbordone C, Montuori P, Alfano R, Triassi M, Iavicoli I, Manno M. Biomonitoring of toxic metals in incinerator workers: A systematic review. Toxicol Lett 2017; 272:8-28. [PMID: 28257910 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals released during urban waste disposal and treatment is increasingly regarded as a potential occupational health issue. Indeed, several toxic metals emitted by an incinerator, including As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni and V, have potentially toxic properties and their exposure, therefore, may be of concern for the health of the workers involved. The levels of exposure should therefore be carefully measured. Environmental monitoring, however, may be unable, alone, to assess true exposure, due to its intrinsic limitations mainly concerning its inability to assess oral and dermal absorption. In these cases biological monitoring may represent a fundamental supplementary tool for the definition of the workers' true occupational exposure and for the prevention of the related health effects. There is, therefore, an increasing interest in developing and using, in these workers, sensitive and specific biomarkers for health risk assessment, particularly at low or even very low levels of exposure. Despite the large number of original and review articles present in the literature on the biomonitoring of workers exposed to metals, the data on subjects employed in waste treatment activities are scattered and results are sometimes inconsistent. This is the first systematic review, performed according to PRISMA methodology, of the major studies investigating the levels of different toxic metals measured in the main biological matrices (blood, urine, hair) of incinerator workers. The results show that the levels of metals measured in incinerators' workers are generally low, with some notable exceptions for Cd and Pb. These results, though, can be affected by several confounders related either to non-occupational exposure, including diet, area of residence and others, and/or by a number of methodological limitations, as we found in the reported studies. Future work should focus on an integrated approach, using ideally both biological and environmental monitoring. A particular emphasis should be given to the measurement of the different granulometric fractions of the dust containing metals, i.e. inhalable, thoracic, respirable and ultrafine fractions. Moreover, an accurate description of the work tasks and the characteristics and levels of non-occupational exposure should always be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Mauriello
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Sbordone
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Manno
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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29
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Hsu KH, Tsui KH, Hsu LI, Chiou HY, Chen CJ. Dose-Response Relationship between Inorganic Arsenic Exposure and Lung Cancer among Arseniasis Residents with Low Methylation Capacity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:756-761. [PMID: 28007985 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to inorganic arsenic (InAs) has been documented as a risk factor for lung cancer. This study examined the association between InAs exposure, its metabolism, and lung cancer occurrence.Methods: We followed 1,300 residents from an arseniasis area in Taiwan, determined urinary InAs metabolites, and identified 39 lung cancer cases. Cox proportional hazards model was performed.Results: The results demonstrated that participants with either the primary methylation index [monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)/InAs] or the secondary methylation index [dimethylarsenic acid (DMA)/MMA] lower than their respective median values were at a higher risk of lung cancer (HRs from 3.41 to 4.66) than those with high methylation capacity. The incidence density of lung cancer increased from 79.9/100,000 (year-1) to 467.4/100,000 (year-1) for residents with low methylation capacity and from 0 to 158.5/100,000 (year-1) for residents with high methylation capacity when the arsenic exposure dose increased from 2 to 10 ppb to ≥200 ppb, respectively. The analyses revealed a dose-response relationship between lung cancer occurrence and increasing arsenic concentrations in drinking water as well as cumulative arsenic exposure (monotonic trend test; P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively) among the residents with low methylation capacity. The relationship between arsenic exposure and lung cancer among high methylators was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Hypomethylation responses to InAs exposure may dose dependently increase lung cancer occurrence.Impact: The high-risk characteristics observed among those exposed should be considered in future preventive medicine and research on arsenic carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(5); 756-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hsu LI, Cheng YW, Chen CJ, Wu MM, Hsu KH, Chiou HY, Lee CH. Cumulative arsenic exposure is associated with fungal infections: Two cohort studies based on southwestern and northeastern basins in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:173-179. [PMID: 27693976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term arsenic exposure results in atherosclerosis and cancers, along with aberrant immune responses. Animal-based and epidemiological studies indicate that arsenic exposure increases susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. This study aimed to assess whether arsenic exposure is associated with the development of fungal infection, which is substantially attributed to as a cause of aberrant immunity. Based on two well-established cohorts from two basins in southwestern (SW; high arsenic area) and northeastern (NE; low arsenic area) Taiwan (n=297 and 2738, respectively), the arsenic exposure in well water was estimated using HPLC-ICP-MS. Fungal infections were defined via clinical and mycological assessments (PCR of fungal 18S rRNA) of nail samples. Individuals in SW cohort with cumulative arsenic exposure >10,000μg/L∗years had a higher risk of developing fungal infections (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.08-1.92) after adjusting for diabetes and occupation. In NE cohort, female sex, alcohol consumption, and chronic kidney diseases were associated with toenail infections. In contrast, fingernail infections (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.05-1.68) were highly associated with arsenic exposure in a dose-dependent manner. We are the first to report palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis upon low arsenic exposure in 3.9% and 6.7% individuals, respectively. This is the first large-scale study showing arsenic exposure is associated with fungal infections in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-I Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Maan Wu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Hudgens EE, Drobna Z, He B, Le XC, Styblo M, Rogers J, Thomas DJ. Biological and behavioral factors modify urinary arsenic metabolic profiles in a U.S. population. Environ Health 2016; 15:62. [PMID: 27230915 PMCID: PMC4880853 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because some adverse health effects associated with chronic arsenic exposure may be mediated by methylated arsenicals, interindividual variation in capacity to convert inorganic arsenic into mono- and di-methylated metabolites may be an important determinant of risk associated with exposure to this metalloid. Hence, identifying biological and behavioral factors that modify an individual's capacity to methylate inorganic arsenic could provide insights into critical dose-response relations underlying adverse health effects. METHODS A total of 904 older adults (≥45 years old) in Churchill County, Nevada, who chronically used home tap water supplies containing up to 1850 μg of arsenic per liter provided urine and toenail samples for determination of total and speciated arsenic levels. Effects of biological factors (gender, age, body mass index) and behavioral factors (smoking, recent fish or shellfish consumption) on patterns of arsenicals in urine were evaluated with bivariate analyses and multivariate regression models. RESULTS Relative contributions of inorganic, mono-, and di-methylated arsenic to total speciated arsenic in urine were unchanged over the range of concentrations of arsenic in home tap water supplies used by study participants. Gender predicted both absolute and relative amounts of arsenicals in urine. Age predicted levels of inorganic arsenic in urine and body mass index predicted relative levels of mono- and di-methylated arsenic in urine. Smoking predicted both absolute and relative levels of arsenicals in urine. Multivariate regression models were developed for both absolute and relative levels of arsenicals in urine. Concentration of arsenic in home tap water and estimated water consumption were strongly predictive of levels of arsenicals in urine as were smoking, body mass index, and gender. Relative contributions of arsenicals to urinary arsenic were not consistently predicted by concentrations of arsenic in drinking water supplies but were more consistently predicted by gender, body mass index, age, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that analyses of dose-response relations in arsenic-exposed populations should account for biological and behavioral factors that modify levels of inorganic and methylated arsenicals in urine. Evidence of significant effects of these factors on arsenic metabolism may also support mode of action studies in appropriate experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Hudgens
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Zuzana Drobna
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bin He
- Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X C Le
- Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Miroslav Styblo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John Rogers
- Westat, 1600 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - David J Thomas
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Lee KF, Tsai YT, Lin CY, Hsieh CB, Wu ST, Ke HY, Lin YC, Lin FY, Lee WH, Tsai CS. Cancer Incidence among Heart, Kidney, and Liver Transplant Recipients in Taiwan. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155602. [PMID: 27196400 PMCID: PMC4873185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based evidence of the relative risk of cancer among heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients from Asia is lacking. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used to conduct a population-based cohort study of transplant recipients (n = 5396), comprising 801 heart, 2847 kidney, and 1748 liver transplant recipients between 2001 and 2012. Standardized incidence ratios and Cox regression models were used. Compared with the general population, the risk of cancer increased 3.8-fold after heart transplantation, 4.1-fold after kidney transplantation and 4.6-fold after liver transplantation. Cancer occurrence showed considerable variation according to transplanted organs. The most common cancers in all transplant patients were cancers of the head and neck, liver, bladder, and kidney and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Male recipients had an increased risk of cancers of the head and neck and liver, and female kidney recipients had a significant risk of bladder and kidney cancer. The adjusted hazard ratio for any cancer in all recipients was higher in liver transplant recipients compared with that in heart transplant recipients (hazard ratio = 1.5, P = .04). Cancer occurrence varied considerably and posttransplant cancer screening should be performed routinely according to transplanted organ and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai-Fong Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biobank Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Bao Hsieh
- Division of General Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yen Ke
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hung CF, Yang CK, Ou YC. Urologic cancer in Taiwan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:605-9. [PMID: 27052114 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past three decades, cancer is the number one cause of death in Taiwan. An increasing trend in the incidence of urologic cancers has also been noticed since 1979. In 2012, urologic cancer accounted for 10.0% of all the new malignant cases. Prostate, bladder and kidney cancers are the most common types. Metastatic prostate cancer still accounted for nearly 30% of new cases in Taiwan between 2004 and 2012. There are several specifically noticeable characteristics of urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan, associated with arseniasis and aristolochic acid. The diagnosis and treatment of urologic cancer mainly follows the current international guidelines. The development of minimal invasive surgery, especially DaVinci robotic surgical system, has made a marked change in the surgical treatment of urologic cancer. Meanwhile, newer systemic agents also commence and improve our standard of care. However, treatment decisions are greatly influenced by the National Health Insurance coverage. The current national cancer registry system should be renovated more comprehensively in order to gain better insight into specific features of urologic cancer in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Hung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Cheng-Kuang Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dong H, Madegowda M, Nefzi A, Houghten RA, Giulianotti MA, Rosen BP. Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Human As(III) S-Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase (AS3MT). Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2419-25. [PMID: 26577531 PMCID: PMC4688878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is the most ubiquitous environmental toxin and carcinogen. Long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Human As(III) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferases (hAS3MT) methylates As(III) to trivalent mono- and dimethyl species that are more toxic and potentially more carcinogenic than inorganic arsenic. Modulators of hAS3MT activity may be useful for the prevention or treatment of arsenic-related diseases. Using a newly developed high-throughput assay for hAS3MT activity, we identified 10 novel noncompetitive small molecule inhibitors. In silico docking analysis with the crystal structure of an AS3MT orthologue suggests that the inhibitors bind in a cleft between domains that is distant from either the As(III) or SAM binding sites. This suggests the presence of a possible allosteric and regulatory site in the enzyme. These inhibitors may be useful tools for future research in arsenic metabolism and are the starting-point for the development of drugs against hAS3MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Richard A Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Marc A Giulianotti
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies , 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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35
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Pang Q, Qu K, Zhang J, Xu X, Liu S, Song S, Wang R, Zhang L, Wang Z, Liu C. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of mortality from liver cancer: A clinical-based cohort and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1450-60. [PMID: 25967392 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although the influence of cigarette smoking on the incident risk of liver cancer has been determined, the association between smoking and liver cancer mortality remains uncertain. METHODS We searched Pubmed, EmBase, and Web of Science databases to obtain eligible studies. Hazard ratio (HR) value and 95% confidential intervals (CI) were pooled by using a random-effects model, and dose-response analyses were conducted to quantify associations between smoking and mortality from liver cancer. RESULTS A total of 27 articles involving four million participants from seven countries by retrieval (published 1986-2014) were finally included. Pooled HR values for liver cancer mortality was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.33-1.59), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11-1.34) and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01-1.32) for current, former, and ever smokers, respectively, when compared with nonsmokers. The risk increased by 7.1% (95% CI: 1.4-13.2) for per additional 10 cigarettes per day and by 5.2% (95% CI: 0.02-11.2) for per additional 10 pack-years. In our population recruiting 597 patients with liver cancer, smoking status was further identified as a significant determinant factor of tumor size and serum level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, but not a significant prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking, especially current smoking, significantly increased mortality risk from liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinsen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sushun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sidong Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Huang L, Wu H, van der Kuijp TJ. The health effects of exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water: a review by global geographical distribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:432-452. [PMID: 25365079 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.958139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water has been a vigorously studied and debated subject. However, the existing literature does not allow for a thorough examination of the potential regional discrepancies that may arise among arsenic-related health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the literature on arsenic exposure and commonly discussed health effects according to global geographical distribution. This geographically segmented approach helps uncover the discrepancies in the health effects of arsenic. For instance, women are more susceptible than men to a few types of cancer in Taiwan, but not in other countries. Although skin cancer and arsenic exposure correlations have been discovered in Chile, Argentina, the United States, and Taiwan, no evident association was found in mainland China. We then propose several globally applicable recommendations to prevent and treat the further spread of arsenic poisoning and suggestions of future study designs and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
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Meharg AA, Williams PN, Deacon CM, Norton GJ, Hossain M, Louhing D, Marwa E, Lawgalwi Y, Taggart M, Cascio C, Haris P. Urinary excretion of arsenic following rice consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 194:181-187. [PMID: 25145278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of arsenic excretion were followed in a cohort (n = 6) eating a defined rice diet, 300 g per day d.wt. where arsenic speciation was characterized in cooked rice, following a period of abstinence from rice, and other high arsenic containing foods. A control group who did not consume rice were also monitored. The rice consumed in the study contained inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) at a ratio of 1:1, yet the urine speciation was dominated by DMA (90%). At steady state (rice consumption/urinary excretion) ∼40% of rice derived arsenic was excreted via urine. By monitoring of each urine pass throughout the day it was observed that there was considerable variation (up to 13-fold) for an individual's total arsenic urine content, and that there was a time dependent variation in urinary total arsenic content. This calls into question the robustness of routinely used first pass/spot check urine sampling for arsenic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Meharg
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - P N Williams
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - C M Deacon
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - G J Norton
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
| | - M Hossain
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - D Louhing
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E Marwa
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; Department of Soil Science, Soikoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3008, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Y Lawgalwi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; Department of Plant Production, University of Sirte, Libya
| | - M Taggart
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; University of the Highlands and Islands, 12b Ness Walk, Inverness, Scotland, IV3 5SQ, UK
| | - C Cascio
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK; European Commission, Ispra, Italy
| | - P Haris
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort Univ., The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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Wang W, Cheng S, Zhang D. Association of inorganic arsenic exposure with liver cancer mortality: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:120-125. [PMID: 25262084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of long-term inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure through drinking water with risk of liver cancer mortality remains controversial. Therefore, we reviewed and quantitatively summarized the evidence from observational studies with a meta-analysis. METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure through May 2014 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Studies that reported standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CIs) for the association of iAs in drinking water with liver cancer were eligible. The random effect model was adopted as the pooling method to generate summary effect estimates (meta-SMRs). RESULTS Of the 4851 articles identified through searching databases, 7 articles including 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-SMR with 95% CI of liver cancer for the highest versus lowest category of iAs exposure level in drinking water was 1.80 (1.61 to 2.02). Furthermore, an increased risk of liver cancer mortality was found in both females [1.80 (1.45 to 2.24)] and males [1.84 (1.56 to 2.16)]. In subgroup analysis, the meta-SMRs were 1.93 (1.72 to 2.15) for cohort studies, 1.60 (1.22 to 2.10) for ecological studies, 1.93 (1.72 to 2.15) for studies conducted in Asia, and 1.60 (1.22 to 2.10) for studies conducted in South America, respectively. After removing the 3 studies conducted by Smith et al. (having two studies separately for males and females) and Chen et al. that had a strong effect on heterogeneity, a significant association was also found [1.85 (1.72 to 1.99)]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that long-term iAs exposure through drinking water increases the risk of liver cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266021, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266021, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Medical College of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Shandong Province, Qingdao 266021, People׳s Republic of China.
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Dheeman DS, Packianathan C, Pillai JK, Rosen BP. Pathway of human AS3MT arsenic methylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1979-89. [PMID: 25325836 PMCID: PMC4237493 DOI: 10.1021/tx500313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A synthetic gene encoding human As(III) S-adenosylmethionine
(SAM) methyltransferase (hAS3MT) was expressed, and the purified enzyme
was characterized. The synthetic enzyme is considerably more active
than a cDNA-expressed enzyme using endogenous reductants thioredoxin
(Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TR), NADPH, and reduced glutathione
(GSH). Each of the seven cysteines (the four conserved residues, Cys32,
Cys61, Cys156, and Cys206, and nonconserved, Cys72, Cys85, and Cys250)
was individually changed to serine. The nonconserved cysteine derivates
were still active. None of the individual C32S, C61S, C156S, and C206S
derivates were able to methylate As(III). However, the C32S and C61S
enzymes retained the ability to methylate MAs(III). These observations
suggest that Cys156 and Cys206 play a different role in catalysis
than that of Cys32 and Cys61. A homology model built on the structure
of a thermophilic orthologue indicates that Cys156 and Cys206 form
the As(III) binding site, whereas Cys32 and Cys61 form a disulfide
bond. Two observations shed light on the pathway of methylation. First,
binding assays using the fluorescence of a single-tryptophan derivative
indicate that As(GS)3 binds to the enzyme much faster than
inorganic As(III). Second, the major product of the first round of
methylation is MAs(III), not MAs(V), and remains enzyme-bound until
it is methylated a second time. We propose a new pathway for hAS3MT
catalysis that reconciles the hypothesis of Challenger ((1947) Sci. Prog., 35, 396–416) with the
pathway proposed by Hayakawa et al. ((2005) Arch. Toxicol., 79, 183–191). The products are the more
toxic and more carcinogenic trivalent methylarsenicals, but arsenic
undergoes oxidation and reduction as enzyme-bound intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra S Dheeman
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami, Florida 33199 United States
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40
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Olden K, Lin YS, Gruber D, Sonawane B. Epigenome: biosensor of cumulative exposure to chemical and nonchemical stressors related to environmental justice. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:1816-21. [PMID: 25122010 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding differential disease susceptibility requires new tools to quantify the cumulative effects of environmental stress. Evidence suggests that social, physical, and chemical stressors can influence disease through the accumulation of epigenetic modifications. Geographically stable epigenetic alterations could identify plausible mechanisms for health disparities among the disadvantaged and poor. Relations between neighborhood-specific epigenetic markers and disease would identify the most appropriate targets for medical and environmental intervention. Complex interactions among genes, the environment, and disease require the examination of how epigenetic changes regulate susceptibility to environmental stressors. Progress in understanding disparities in disease susceptibility may depend on assessing the cumulative effect of environmental stressors on genetic substrates. We highlight key concepts regarding the interface between environmental stress, epigenetics, and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Olden
- Kenneth Olden, Yu-Sheng Lin, and Babasaheb Sonawane are with National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. David Gruber is with Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY
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41
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Chiang CI, Huang YL, Chen WJ, Shiue HS, Huang CY, Pu YS, Lin YC, Hsueh YM. XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms and arsenic methylation capacity are associated with urothelial carcinoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:373-379. [PMID: 25018058 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The association between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer has been widely studied. However, few studies have examined the correlation between urothelial carcinoma (UC) and arsenic or its metabolites. The aim of this study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of the DNA repair genes, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met, and XPD Lys751Gln, with urinary arsenic profiles and UC. To this end, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study with 324 UC patients and 647 age- and gender-matched non-cancer controls. Genomic DNA was used to examine the genotype of XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XRCC3 Thr241Met, and XPD Lys751Gln by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). Urinary arsenic profiles were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) linked with hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometry. The XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln and 194 Arg/Trp and Trp/Trp genotypes were significantly related to UC, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 1.68 (1.03-2.75) and 0.66 (0.48-0.90), respectively. Participants with higher total urinary arsenic levels, a higher percentage of inorganic arsenic (InAs%) and a lower percentage of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA%) had a higher OR of UC. Participants carrying XRCC1 risk diplotypes G-C/G-C, A-C/A-C, and A-T/G-T, and who had higher total arsenic levels, higher InAs%, or lower DMA% compared to those with other XRCC1 diplotypes had a higher OR of UC. Our results suggest that the XRCC1 399 Gln/Gln and 194 Arg/Arg DNA repair genes play an important role in poor arsenic methylation capacity, thereby increasing the risk of UC in non-obvious arsenic exposure areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-I Chiang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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42
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Chen WJ, Huang YL, Shiue HS, Chen TW, Lin YF, Huang CY, Lin YC, Han BC, Hsueh YM. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system related gene polymorphisms and urinary total arsenic is related to chronic kidney disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:95-102. [PMID: 24907556 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A recent study demonstrated that an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was associated with high urinary total arsenic levels. However, whether genomic instability is related to CKD remains unclear. An association between CKD and genetic polymorphisms of regulation enzymes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) has not been shown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between arsenic, genetic polymorphisms of RAAS enzymes and CKD. A total of 233 patients and 449 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited from the Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital and the Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital. Concentrations of urinary arsenic were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography-linked hydride generator, and atomic absorption spectrometry. Polymorphisms of ACE(I/D), AGT(A[-20]C), (T174M), (M235T), AT1R(A1166C) and CYP11B2(C[-344]T) were examined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Subjects carrying the CYP11B2 TT genotype had a higher odds ratio (OR), 1.39 (0.96-2.01), of CKD; while those with the AGT(A[-20]C) CC genotype had an inverse OR of CKD (0.20 (0.05-0.81)), and a high-risk genotype was defined as A/A+A/C for AGT(A[-20C]) and T/T for CYP11B2(C[-344]T). The trend test showed a higher OR for CKD in patients who had either high urinary total arsenic levels or carried the high-risk genotype, or both, compared to patients with low urinary total arsenic levels, who carried the low-risk genotype, and could also be affected by the hypertension or diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzen-Wen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Shung Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Examination, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Cheng Han
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Hsueh
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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43
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Saint-Jacques N, Parker L, Brown P, Dummer TJB. Arsenic in drinking water and urinary tract cancers: a systematic review of 30 years of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health 2014; 13:44. [PMID: 24889821 PMCID: PMC4088919 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water is a public health issue affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This review summarizes 30 years of epidemiological studies on arsenic exposure in drinking water and the risk of bladder or kidney cancer, quantifying these risks using a meta-analytical framework. METHODS Forty studies met the selection criteria. Seventeen provided point estimates of arsenic concentrations in drinking water and were used in a meta-analysis of bladder cancer incidence (7 studies) and mortality (10 studies) and kidney cancer mortality (2 studies). Risk estimates for incidence and mortality were analyzed separately using Generalized Linear Models. Predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were estimated at 10, 50 and 150 μg/L arsenic in drinking water. Bootstrap randomizations were used to assess robustness of effect size. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies observed an association between arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer. Ten studies showed an association with kidney cancer, although of lower magnitude than that for bladder cancer. The meta-analyses showed the predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were 2.7 [1.2-4.1]; 4.2 [2.1-6.3] and; 5.8 [2.9-8.7] for drinking water arsenic levels of 10, 50, and 150 μg/L, respectively. Bootstrapped randomizations confirmed this increased risk, but, lowering the effect size to 1.4 [0.35-4.0], 2.3 [0.59-6.4], and 3.1 [0.80-8.9]. The latter suggests that with exposures to 50 μg/L, there was an 83% probability for elevated incidence of bladder cancer; and a 74% probability for elevated mortality. For both bladder and kidney cancers, mortality rates at 150 ug/L were about 30% greater than those at 10 μg/L. CONCLUSION Arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased risk of bladder and kidney cancers, although at lower levels (<150 μg/L), there is uncertainty due to the increased likelihood of exposure misclassification at the lower end of the exposure curve. Meta-analyses suggest exposure to 10 μg/L of arsenic in drinking water may double the risk of bladder cancer, or at the very least, increase it by about 40%. With the large number of people exposed to these arsenic concentrations worldwide the public health consequences of arsenic in drinking water are substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Cancer Care Nova Scotia, Surveillance and Epidemiology Unit, Room 560 Bethune Building, 1276 South Street, Halifax B3H 2Y9, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Interdisciplinary PhD program, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Room 314, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Population Studies and Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto M5G 2 L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor JB Dummer
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
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44
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Melak D, Ferreccio C, Kalman D, Parra R, Acevedo J, Pérez L, Cortés S, Smith AH, Yuan Y, Liaw J, Steinmaus C. Arsenic methylation and lung and bladder cancer in a case-control study in northern Chile. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:225-31. [PMID: 24296302 PMCID: PMC4344188 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In humans, ingested inorganic arsenic is metabolized to monomethylarsenic (MMA) then to dimethylarsenic (DMA), although this process is not complete in most people. The trivalent form of MMA is highly toxic in vitro and previous studies have identified associations between the proportion of urinary arsenic as MMA (%MMA) and several arsenic-related diseases. To date, however, relatively little is known about its role in lung cancer, the most common cause of arsenic-related death, or about its impacts on people drinking water with lower arsenic concentrations (e.g., <200μg/L). In this study, urinary arsenic metabolites were measured in 94 lung and 117 bladder cancer cases and 347 population-based controls from areas in northern Chile with a wide range of drinking water arsenic concentrations. Lung cancer odds ratios adjusted for age, sex, and smoking by increasing tertiles of %MMA were 1.00, 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-3.67), and 3.26 (1.76-6.04) (p-trend <0.001). Corresponding odds ratios for bladder cancer were 1.00, 1.81 (1.06-3.11), and 2.02 (1.15-3.54) (p-trend <0.001). In analyses confined to subjects only with arsenic water concentrations <200μg/L (median=60μg/L), lung and bladder cancer odds ratios for subjects in the upper tertile of %MMA compared to subjects in the lower two tertiles were 2.48 (1.08-5.68) and 2.37 (1.01-5.57), respectively. Overall, these findings provide evidence that inter-individual differences in arsenic metabolism may be an important risk factor for arsenic-related lung cancer, and may play a role in cancer risks among people exposed to relatively low arsenic water concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Melak
- Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Kalman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roxana Parra
- Hospital Regional de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Johanna Acevedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana Pérez
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Cortés
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Allan H Smith
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yan Yuan
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jane Liaw
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
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