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Wang CW, Chen SC, Hung CH, Kuo CH. Arsenic exposure was associated with lung fibrotic changes in individuals living near a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111498-111510. [PMID: 37814049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Individuals residing near petrochemical complexes have been found to have increasing the risk of respiratory distress and diseases. On visit 1 in 2016, all participants underwent urinary arsenic measurement and low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). The same participants had LDCT performed at visit 2 in 2018. Our study revealed that individuals with lung fibrotic changes had significantly higher levels of urinary arsenic compared to the non-lung fibrotic changes group. Moreover, we found that participants with urinary arsenic levels in the highest sextile (> 209.7 μg/g creatinine) had a significantly increased risk of lung fibrotic changes in both visit 1 (OR = 1.87; 95% CI= 1.16-3.02; P = 0.010) and visit 2 (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.06-2.84; P = 0.028) compared to those in the lowest sextile (≤ 41.4 μg/g creatinine). We also observed a significantly increasing trend across urinary arsenic sextile in both visits (Ptrend = 0.015 in visit 1 and Ptrend = 0.026 in visit 2). Furthermore, participants with urinary arsenic levels in the highest sextile had a significantly increased risk of lung fibrotic positive to positive (OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.24, 3.82; P = 0.007) compared to the lowest sextile (reference category: lung fibrotic negative to negative). Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that arsenic exposure is significantly associated with an increased risk of lung fibrotic changes. It is advisable to reduce the levels of arsenic exposure for those residing near such petrochemical complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 482, Shan-Ming Rd., Hsiao-Kang Dist., 812, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kim K, Lim H, Park HS, Kang JH, Park J, Song H. Reversible sulfur dioxide capture by amino acids containing a single amino group at low sulfur dioxide concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52013-52025. [PMID: 36823467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SO2, an air pollutant, is harmful to human health and causes air pollution; therefore, numerous studies have focused on the development of SO2 control technologies. Although limestone- and ammonia-based absorbents have been widely used in wet desulfurization, they are difficult to regenerate and do not enable the recycling of SO2, which is a useful resource. Recently, amino acids have attracted attention as reversible SO2 absorbents because they are eco-friendly and have excellent reactivity with SO2, as well as high regeneration performance. Glycine, L-alanine, β-alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminovaleric acid, and 6-aminohexanoic acid were analyzed to investigate the relationship between SO2 absorption and the amino acid molecular structure using the simulated actual flue gas (200 ppmv SO2 + 13% CO2 in N2 balance). The SO2 absorption of amino acids (with the molecular structure of glycine and alkyl chains of various lengths) improved as the alkyl chain length increased, possibly owing to a decrease in the inductive effect in the molecular structure of the amino acid. Furthermore, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was conducted to analyze the SO2 absorption reaction mechanism (including the possible generation of irreversible species), and experiments involving a number of consecutive absorption-desorption cycles were used to confirm the reusability of the amino acids. The tested amino acids exhibited higher cyclic capacities compared to those of deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids reported in the literature, thereby exhibiting excellent potential as SO2 absorbents. Thus, this study can guide the future design and development of eco-friendly SO2 absorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghwi Kim
- Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-Ro, Jung-Gu, Ulsan, 44413, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Lim
- Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-Ro, Jung-Gu, Ulsan, 44413, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sic Park
- Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-Ro, Jung-Gu, Ulsan, 44413, South Korea
| | - Jo Hong Kang
- Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-Ro, Jung-Gu, Ulsan, 44413, South Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hojun Song
- Green Materials & Processes R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-Ro, Jung-Gu, Ulsan, 44413, South Korea.
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Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M, Bald C, Brunner M, Canonizado EM, Charles D, Chiles TC, Donohue MJ, Enck J, Fenichel P, Fleming LE, Ferrier-Pages C, Fordham R, Gozt A, Griffin C, Hahn ME, Haryanto B, Hixson R, Ianelli H, James BD, Kumar P, Laborde A, Law KL, Martin K, Mu J, Mulders Y, Mustapha A, Niu J, Pahl S, Park Y, Pedrotti ML, Pitt JA, Ruchirawat M, Seewoo BJ, Spring M, Stegeman JJ, Suk W, Symeonides C, Takada H, Thompson RC, Vicini A, Wang Z, Whitman E, Wirth D, Wolff M, Yousuf AK, Dunlop S. The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:23. [PMID: 36969097 PMCID: PMC10038118 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine, electronics, aerospace, construction, food packaging, and sports. It is now clear, however, that plastics are also responsible for significant harms to human health, the economy, and the earth's environment. These harms occur at every stage of the plastic life cycle, from extraction of the coal, oil, and gas that are its main feedstocks through to ultimate disposal into the environment. The extent of these harms not been systematically assessed, their magnitude not fully quantified, and their economic costs not comprehensively counted. Goals The goals of this Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health are to comprehensively examine plastics' impacts across their life cycle on: (1) human health and well-being; (2) the global environment, especially the ocean; (3) the economy; and (4) vulnerable populations-the poor, minorities, and the world's children. On the basis of this examination, the Commission offers science-based recommendations designed to support development of a Global Plastics Treaty, protect human health, and save lives. Report Structure This Commission report contains seven Sections. Following an Introduction, Section 2 presents a narrative review of the processes involved in plastic production, use, and disposal and notes the hazards to human health and the environment associated with each of these stages. Section 3 describes plastics' impacts on the ocean and notes the potential for plastic in the ocean to enter the marine food web and result in human exposure. Section 4 details plastics' impacts on human health. Section 5 presents a first-order estimate of plastics' health-related economic costs. Section 6 examines the intersection between plastic, social inequity, and environmental injustice. Section 7 presents the Commission's findings and recommendations. Plastics Plastics are complex, highly heterogeneous, synthetic chemical materials. Over 98% of plastics are produced from fossil carbon- coal, oil and gas. Plastics are comprised of a carbon-based polymer backbone and thousands of additional chemicals that are incorporated into polymers to convey specific properties such as color, flexibility, stability, water repellence, flame retardation, and ultraviolet resistance. Many of these added chemicals are highly toxic. They include carcinogens, neurotoxicants and endocrine disruptors such as phthalates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated flame retardants, and organophosphate flame retardants. They are integral components of plastic and are responsible for many of plastics' harms to human health and the environment.Global plastic production has increased almost exponentially since World War II, and in this time more than 8,300 megatons (Mt) of plastic have been manufactured. Annual production volume has grown from under 2 Mt in 1950 to 460 Mt in 2019, a 230-fold increase, and is on track to triple by 2060. More than half of all plastic ever made has been produced since 2002. Single-use plastics account for 35-40% of current plastic production and represent the most rapidly growing segment of plastic manufacture.Explosive recent growth in plastics production reflects a deliberate pivot by the integrated multinational fossil-carbon corporations that produce coal, oil and gas and that also manufacture plastics. These corporations are reducing their production of fossil fuels and increasing plastics manufacture. The two principal factors responsible for this pivot are decreasing global demand for carbon-based fuels due to increases in 'green' energy, and massive expansion of oil and gas production due to fracking.Plastic manufacture is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to climate change. At present, plastic production is responsible for an estimated 3.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than the contribution of Brazil. This fraction is projected to increase to 4.5% by 2060 if current trends continue unchecked. Plastic Life Cycle The plastic life cycle has three phases: production, use, and disposal. In production, carbon feedstocks-coal, gas, and oil-are transformed through energy-intensive, catalytic processes into a vast array of products. Plastic use occurs in every aspect of modern life and results in widespread human exposure to the chemicals contained in plastic. Single-use plastics constitute the largest portion of current use, followed by synthetic fibers and construction.Plastic disposal is highly inefficient, with recovery and recycling rates below 10% globally. The result is that an estimated 22 Mt of plastic waste enters the environment each year, much of it single-use plastic and are added to the more than 6 gigatons of plastic waste that have accumulated since 1950. Strategies for disposal of plastic waste include controlled and uncontrolled landfilling, open burning, thermal conversion, and export. Vast quantities of plastic waste are exported each year from high-income to low-income countries, where it accumulates in landfills, pollutes air and water, degrades vital ecosystems, befouls beaches and estuaries, and harms human health-environmental injustice on a global scale. Plastic-laden e-waste is particularly problematic. Environmental Findings Plastics and plastic-associated chemicals are responsible for widespread pollution. They contaminate aquatic (marine and freshwater), terrestrial, and atmospheric environments globally. The ocean is the ultimate destination for much plastic, and plastics are found throughout the ocean, including coastal regions, the sea surface, the deep sea, and polar sea ice. Many plastics appear to resist breakdown in the ocean and could persist in the global environment for decades. Macro- and micro-plastic particles have been identified in hundreds of marine species in all major taxa, including species consumed by humans. Trophic transfer of microplastic particles and the chemicals within them has been demonstrated. Although microplastic particles themselves (>10 µm) appear not to undergo biomagnification, hydrophobic plastic-associated chemicals bioaccumulate in marine animals and biomagnify in marine food webs. The amounts and fates of smaller microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNPs <10 µm) in aquatic environments are poorly understood, but the potential for harm is worrying given their mobility in biological systems. Adverse environmental impacts of plastic pollution occur at multiple levels from molecular and biochemical to population and ecosystem. MNP contamination of seafood results in direct, though not well quantified, human exposure to plastics and plastic-associated chemicals. Marine plastic pollution endangers the ocean ecosystems upon which all humanity depends for food, oxygen, livelihood, and well-being. Human Health Findings Coal miners, oil workers and gas field workers who extract fossil carbon feedstocks for plastic production suffer increased mortality from traumatic injury, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Plastic production workers are at increased risk of leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic angiosarcoma, brain cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, neurotoxic injury, and decreased fertility. Workers producing plastic textiles die of bladder cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, and interstitial lung disease at increased rates. Plastic recycling workers have increased rates of cardiovascular disease, toxic metal poisoning, neuropathy, and lung cancer. Residents of "fenceline" communities adjacent to plastic production and waste disposal sites experience increased risks of premature birth, low birth weight, asthma, childhood leukemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.During use and also in disposal, plastics release toxic chemicals including additives and residual monomers into the environment and into people. National biomonitoring surveys in the USA document population-wide exposures to these chemicals. Plastic additives disrupt endocrine function and increase risk for premature births, neurodevelopmental disorders, male reproductive birth defects, infertility, obesity, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and cancers. Chemical-laden MNPs formed through the environmental degradation of plastic waste can enter living organisms, including humans. Emerging, albeit still incomplete evidence indicates that MNPs may cause toxicity due to their physical and toxicological effects as well as by acting as vectors that transport toxic chemicals and bacterial pathogens into tissues and cells.Infants in the womb and young children are two populations at particularly high risk of plastic-related health effects. Because of the exquisite sensitivity of early development to hazardous chemicals and children's unique patterns of exposure, plastic-associated exposures are linked to increased risks of prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defects of the reproductive organs, neurodevelopmental impairment, impaired lung growth, and childhood cancer. Early-life exposures to plastic-associated chemicals also increase the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases later in life. Economic Findings Plastic's harms to human health result in significant economic costs. We estimate that in 2015 the health-related costs of plastic production exceeded $250 billion (2015 Int$) globally, and that in the USA alone the health costs of disease and disability caused by the plastic-associated chemicals PBDE, BPA and DEHP exceeded $920 billion (2015 Int$). Plastic production results in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions equivalent to 1.96 gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2e) annually. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) social cost of carbon metric, we estimate the annual costs of these GHG emissions to be $341 billion (2015 Int$).These costs, large as they are, almost certainly underestimate the full economic losses resulting from plastics' negative impacts on human health and the global environment. All of plastics' economic costs-and also its social costs-are externalized by the petrochemical and plastic manufacturing industry and are borne by citizens, taxpayers, and governments in countries around the world without compensation. Social Justice Findings The adverse effects of plastics and plastic pollution on human health, the economy and the environment are not evenly distributed. They disproportionately affect poor, disempowered, and marginalized populations such as workers, racial and ethnic minorities, "fenceline" communities, Indigenous groups, women, and children, all of whom had little to do with creating the current plastics crisis and lack the political influence or the resources to address it. Plastics' harmful impacts across its life cycle are most keenly felt in the Global South, in small island states, and in disenfranchised areas in the Global North. Social and environmental justice (SEJ) principles require reversal of these inequitable burdens to ensure that no group bears a disproportionate share of plastics' negative impacts and that those who benefit economically from plastic bear their fair share of its currently externalized costs. Conclusions It is now clear that current patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal are not sustainable and are responsible for significant harms to human health, the environment, and the economy as well as for deep societal injustices.The main driver of these worsening harms is an almost exponential and still accelerating increase in global plastic production. Plastics' harms are further magnified by low rates of recovery and recycling and by the long persistence of plastic waste in the environment.The thousands of chemicals in plastics-monomers, additives, processing agents, and non-intentionally added substances-include amongst their number known human carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, neurotoxicants, and persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals are responsible for many of plastics' known harms to human and planetary health. The chemicals leach out of plastics, enter the environment, cause pollution, and result in human exposure and disease. All efforts to reduce plastics' hazards must address the hazards of plastic-associated chemicals. Recommendations To protect human and planetary health, especially the health of vulnerable and at-risk populations, and put the world on track to end plastic pollution by 2040, this Commission supports urgent adoption by the world's nations of a strong and comprehensive Global Plastics Treaty in accord with the mandate set forth in the March 2022 resolution of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).International measures such as a Global Plastics Treaty are needed to curb plastic production and pollution, because the harms to human health and the environment caused by plastics, plastic-associated chemicals and plastic waste transcend national boundaries, are planetary in their scale, and have disproportionate impacts on the health and well-being of people in the world's poorest nations. Effective implementation of the Global Plastics Treaty will require that international action be coordinated and complemented by interventions at the national, regional, and local levels.This Commission urges that a cap on global plastic production with targets, timetables, and national contributions be a central provision of the Global Plastics Treaty. We recommend inclusion of the following additional provisions:The Treaty needs to extend beyond microplastics and marine litter to include all of the many thousands of chemicals incorporated into plastics.The Treaty needs to include a provision banning or severely restricting manufacture and use of unnecessary, avoidable, and problematic plastic items, especially single-use items such as manufactured plastic microbeads.The Treaty needs to include requirements on extended producer responsibility (EPR) that make fossil carbon producers, plastic producers, and the manufacturers of plastic products legally and financially responsible for the safety and end-of-life management of all the materials they produce and sell.The Treaty needs to mandate reductions in the chemical complexity of plastic products; health-protective standards for plastics and plastic additives; a requirement for use of sustainable non-toxic materials; full disclosure of all components; and traceability of components. International cooperation will be essential to implementing and enforcing these standards.The Treaty needs to include SEJ remedies at each stage of the plastic life cycle designed to fill gaps in community knowledge and advance both distributional and procedural equity.This Commission encourages inclusion in the Global Plastic Treaty of a provision calling for exploration of listing at least some plastic polymers as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention.This Commission encourages a strong interface between the Global Plastics Treaty and the Basel and London Conventions to enhance management of hazardous plastic waste and slow current massive exports of plastic waste into the world's least-developed countries.This Commission recommends the creation of a Permanent Science Policy Advisory Body to guide the Treaty's implementation. The main priorities of this Body would be to guide Member States and other stakeholders in evaluating which solutions are most effective in reducing plastic consumption, enhancing plastic waste recovery and recycling, and curbing the generation of plastic waste. This Body could also assess trade-offs among these solutions and evaluate safer alternatives to current plastics. It could monitor the transnational export of plastic waste. It could coordinate robust oceanic-, land-, and air-based MNP monitoring programs.This Commission recommends urgent investment by national governments in research into solutions to the global plastic crisis. This research will need to determine which solutions are most effective and cost-effective in the context of particular countries and assess the risks and benefits of proposed solutions. Oceanographic and environmental research is needed to better measure concentrations and impacts of plastics <10 µm and understand their distribution and fate in the global environment. Biomedical research is needed to elucidate the human health impacts of plastics, especially MNPs. Summary This Commission finds that plastics are both a boon to humanity and a stealth threat to human and planetary health. Plastics convey enormous benefits, but current linear patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal that pay little attention to sustainable design or safe materials and a near absence of recovery, reuse, and recycling are responsible for grave harms to health, widespread environmental damage, great economic costs, and deep societal injustices. These harms are rapidly worsening.While there remain gaps in knowledge about plastics' harms and uncertainties about their full magnitude, the evidence available today demonstrates unequivocally that these impacts are great and that they will increase in severity in the absence of urgent and effective intervention at global scale. Manufacture and use of essential plastics may continue. However, reckless increases in plastic production, and especially increases in the manufacture of an ever-increasing array of unnecessary single-use plastic products, need to be curbed.Global intervention against the plastic crisis is needed now because the costs of failure to act will be immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Maureen Cropper
- Economics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, US
| | - Caroline Bald
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Fenichel
- Université Côte d’Azur
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Nice, FR
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | | | | | | | - Carly Griffin
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, US
| | - Budi Haryanto
- Department of Environmental Health, Universitas Indonesia, ID
- Research Center for Climate Change, Universitas Indonesia, ID
| | - Richard Hixson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Hannah Ianelli
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Bryan D. James
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Amalia Laborde
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, UY
| | | | - Keith Martin
- Consortium of Universities for Global Health, US
| | - Jenna Mu
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lead City University, NG
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, US
| | - Sabine Pahl
- University of Vienna, Austria
- University of Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Maria-Luiza Pedrotti
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche sur mer (LOV), Sorbonne Université, FR
| | | | | | - Bhedita Jaya Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
| | | | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - William Suk
- Superfund Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US
| | | | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JP
| | | | | | - Zhanyun Wang
- Technology and Society Laboratory, WEmpa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology, CH
| | - Ella Whitman
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | - Aroub K. Yousuf
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Sarah Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
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Cordiano R, Papa V, Cicero N, Spatari G, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Effects of Benzene: Hematological and Hypersensitivity Manifestations in Resident Living in Oil Refinery Areas. TOXICS 2022; 10:678. [PMID: 36355969 PMCID: PMC9697938 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Literature is teeming with publications on industrial pollution. Over the decades, the main industrial pollutants and their effects on human health have been widely framed. Among the various compounds involved, benzene plays a leading role in the onset of specific diseases. Two systems are mainly affected by the adverse health effects of benzene exposure, both acute and chronic: the respiratory and hematopoietic systems. The most suitable population targets for a proper damage assessment on these systems are oil refinery workers and residents near refining plants. Our work fits into this area of interest with the aim of reviewing the most relevant cases published in the literature related to the impairment of the aforementioned systems following benzene exposure. We perform an initial debate between the two clinical branches that see a high epidemiological expression in this slice of the population examined: residents near petroleum refinery areas worldwide. In addition, the discussion expands on highlighting the main immunological implications of benzene exposure, finding a common pathophysiological denominator in inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, thus helping to set the basis for an increasingly detailed characterization aimed at identifying common molecular patterns between the two clinical fields discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Cordiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Spatari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Wang M, Chen H, Lei M. Identifying potentially contaminated areas with MaxEnt model for petrochemical industry in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54421-54431. [PMID: 35303229 PMCID: PMC8931184 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metal and organic pollutants in wastewater effluents, flue gases, and even solid wastes from petrochemical industries renders improper discharges liable to posing threats to the ecological environment and human health. It is beneficial for pollution control to find out the regional distribution of contaminated sites. This study explored the relationship between the petrochemical contaminated areas and natural, socio-economic, and traffic factors. Ten indicators were selected as input variables, and the MaxEnt model was conducted to identify the potentially contaminated areas. Moreover, among these 10 variables, the factors that have the great impact on the results were determined according to the contribution of variables. The results showed that the MaxEnt model performed well with AUC of 0.981 ± 0.004, and 90% of the measured contaminated sites was located in areas with medium and high probability of contamination in the prediction results. The map of potentially contaminated areas indicated that the areas with high probability of contamination were distributed in Yangtze River Delta, Beijing, Tianjin, southern Guangdong, Fujian coastal areas, central Hubei and northeast Hunan, central Sichuan, and southwest Chongqing. The responses of variables presented that high probability of petrochemical contamination tended to appear in cities with developed economy, dense population, and convenient transportation. This study presents a novel way to identify the potentially contaminated areas for petrochemical sites and provides a theoretical basis to formulate future management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 2100018, China
| | - Huichao Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 2100018, China.
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing, 100101, China
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Ibrahim MF, Hod R, Ahmad Tajudin MAB, Wan Mahiyuddin WR, Mohammed Nawi A, Sahani M. Children's exposure to air pollution in a natural gas industrial area and their risk of hospital admission for respiratory diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112966. [PMID: 35202623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the natural gas industry to meet the global demand have raised environmental health concerns. Few studies have found that areas with natural gas industrial activity have poor air quality. However, the negative health impacts of ambient air pollution in a natural gas industrial area remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children in a natural gas industrial area in Bintulu, Malaysia. Daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children were collected from a hospital in Bintulu from 2010 to 2019. Data on six air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) in the study area were obtained from the Department of Environment Malaysia. Quasi-Poisson time series regressions with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were applied to explore the associations between ambient air pollution and childhood hospitalisations for respiratory diseases. Stratification analyses were performed by gender and age group to identify the vulnerable populations. A 10 μg/m3 increased PM2.5 and SO2 was associated with hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children with the greatest relative risk of RR 1.089 (95% CI 1.001-1.183) at cumulative lag 0-2 days and RR 1.229 (95% CI 1.073-1.409) at cumulative lag 0-6 days, respectively. There was no significant association between short-term exposure of PM10, NO2, CO, and O3 with childhood respiratory hospitalisation. The association between PM2.5 and SO2 exposure and hospital admissions for childhood respiratory diseases in the two pollutants model remained statistically significant. There were stronger associations in younger children aged 0-4 years and girls. This study reveals that short-term exposure to SO2 was associated with a higher risk of respiratory hospitalisations among children in Bintulu than PM2.5. Better air quality control is necessary for children's health living in the natural gas industrial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faiz Ibrahim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selango, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Essential Trace Elements in Scalp Hair of Residents across the Caspian Oil and Gas Region of Kazakhstan. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070364. [PMID: 35878268 PMCID: PMC9317645 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most of the country’s oil and gas fields are situated in West Kazakhstan, mainly on the Caspian Sea coast, causing significant damage to the local environment and contributing to an imbalance in the trace element composition of the human body. The study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of essential trace elements in scalp hair of the western Kazakhstan adult population and the remoteness of their residence from oil and gas fields. The concentration of essential trace elements (Co, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn) in the hair of 850 individuals aged 18−60 years was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In residents of settlements located at a distance of >110 km from oil and gas fields, the concentration of Cu and I in hair was significantly higher than in those closer to 110 km (p < 0.001). The content of Cu and I were associated with the distance to oil and gas fields (0.072 (95% CI: 0.050; 0.094)) and (0.121 (95% CI: 0.058; 0.185)), respectively. We detected a significant imbalance in the distribution of some essential trace elements in residents’ scalp hair from the Caspian region of western Kazakhstan, living near oil and gas fields. The concentrations of Cu and I were significantly interrelated with the distance to oil and gas fields. The level of copper in the hair of both inhabitants of the area most remote from oil and gas facilities and the entire population of western Kazakhstan as a whole remains significantly low. The data obtained provide evidence of the possible impact of pollutants generated by the oil and gas facilities on a shortage of essential trace elements and associated subsequent health risks.
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Rovira J, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Environmental impact and human health risks of air pollutants near a large chemical/petrochemical complex: Case study in Tarragona, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147550. [PMID: 33991912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical industries and oil refineries are known emission sources of environmental contaminants, such as metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), among others. Based on the toxicological potential of these pollutants, harmful health effects can be expected for the population living near these facilities. One of the largest chemical/petrochemical complexes in Europe is located in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). In the last two decades, a number of investigations aimed at assessing the environmental impact of air pollutants potentially emitted by this industrial complex have been carried out. The present paper is a review of the available scientific information on the levels of air pollutants related with the activities of this chemical/petrochemical complex. Although there are currently some data on the environmental burdens of metals/metalloids, PAHs, VOCs and PCDD/Fs, there is an evident lack of specific biological monitoring studies on human health. Taking into account the amount of chemicals released to air and their toxicity, it is essential to perform an in-depth analysis of the current health status of the population living in Tarragona County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Shakerkhatibi M, Benis KZ, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Sadeghi-Bazarghani H, Allahverdipour H, Oskouei DS, Fatehifar E, Farajzadeh M, Yadeghari A, Ansarin K, Jafari R, Zakeri A, Moshashaei P, Behnami A. Air pollution-related asthma profiles among children/adolescents: A multi-group latent class analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112344. [PMID: 34023726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the asthma profile among children/adolescents and the relationship of the prevalence of air pollution profiles using latent class analysis (LCA). OBJECTIVES In this cross-sectional study, a case rural community was selected in an industrial area, and two rural control communities were selected in unexposed areas. METHODS Hourly concentrations of PM10, SO2, NO2, and total volatile organic compounds were obtained from the records of a fixed air quality monitoring station, and the concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylenes styrene were measured during six campaigns. Asthma data was collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood in 7-18 years old children/adolescents. The modeling was conducted using LCA. RESULTS A higher amount of air pollution indices were observed in the case than both control communities. LCA divided the participants into three clusters; "healthy" (92.8%), "moderate" (2.8%), and "severe" (4.4%). A higher probability of severe asthma (6.8%) was observed in the case than control communities (2.6% and 1.8%). Additionally, after adjusting for possible confounders, the odds of asthma was lower in the control communities than the case in both moderate and sever classes (Odds Ratios in the range of 0.135-0.697). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates asthma profiles of children/adolescents and the higher prevalence of severe class in the area, explaining the possible effect of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shakerkhatibi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Zoroufchi Benis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Center for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Allahverdipour
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Fatehifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Farajzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adeleh Yadeghari
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rozita Jafari
- National Public Health Management Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akram Zakeri
- National Public Health Management Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Moshashaei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Behnami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Johnston JE, Enebish T, Eckel SP, Navarro S, Shamasunder B. Respiratory health, pulmonary function and local engagement in urban communities near oil development. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111088. [PMID: 33794173 PMCID: PMC8579779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern oil development frequently occurs in close proximity to human populations. Los Angeles, California is home to the largest urban oil field in the country with thousands of active oil and gas wells in very close proximity to homes, schools and parks, yet few studies have investigated potential health impacts. The neighborhoods along the Las Cienagas oil fields are situated in South LA, densely populated by predominantly low-income Black and Latinx families, many of whom are primarily Spanish-speakers. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted between January 2017 and August 2019 among residents living <1000 m from two oil wells (one active, one idle) in the Las Cienagas oil field. We collected self-reported acute health symptoms and measured FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation) and FVC (forced vital capacity). We related lung function measures to distance and direction from an oil and gas development site using generalized linear models adjusted for covariates. RESULTS A total of 961 residents from two neighborhoods participated, the majority of whom identify as Latinx. Participants near active oil development reported significantly higher prevalence of wheezing, eye and nose irritation, sore throat and dizziness in the past 2 weeks. Among 747 valid spirometry tests, we observe that living near (less than 200 m) of oil operations was associated with, on average, -112 mL lower FEV1 (95% CI: -213, -10) and -128 mL lower FVC (95% CI: -252, -5) compared to residents living more than 200 m from the sites after adjustments for covariates, including age, sex, height, proximity to freeway, asthma status and smoking status. When accounting for predominant wind direction and proximity, we observe that residents living downwind and less than 200 m from oil operations have, on average, -414 mL lower FEV1 (95% CI: -636, -191) and -400 mL lower FVC (95% CI: -652, -147) compared to residents living upwind and more than 200 m from the wells. CONCLUSIONS Living nearby and downwind of urban oil and gas development sites is associated with lower lung function among residents, which may contribute to environmental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Temuulen Enebish
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Bhavna Shamasunder
- Department of Urban & Environmental Policy, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Abstract
The growing world energy consumption, with reliance on conventional energy sources and the associated environmental pollution, are considered the most serious threats faced by mankind. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has become one of the most frequently investigated technologies, due to its dual functionality, i.e., environmental remediation and converting solar energy into chemical energy, especially molecular hydrogen. H2 burns cleanly and has the highest gravimetric gross calorific value among all fuels. However, the use of a suitable electron donor, in what so-called “photocatalytic reforming”, is required to achieve acceptable efficiency. This oxidation half-reaction can be exploited to oxidize the dissolved organic pollutants, thus, simultaneously improving the water quality. Such pollutants would replace other potentially costly electron donors, achieving the dual-functionality purpose. Since the aromatic compounds are widely spread in the environment, they are considered attractive targets to apply this technology. In this review, different aspects are highlighted, including the employing of different polymorphs of pristine titanium dioxide as photocatalysts in the photocatalytic processes, also improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by loading different types of metal co-catalysts, especially platinum nanoparticles, and comparing the effect of various loading methods of such metal co-catalysts. Finally, the photocatalytic reforming of aromatic compounds employing TiO2-based semiconductors is presented.
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12
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Lux H, Baur X, Budnik LT, Heutelbeck A, Teixeira JP, Neumann E, Adliene D, Puišo J, Lucas D, Löndahl J, Damialis A, Goksel O, Orru H. Outdoor air pollution from industrial chemicals causing new onset of asthma or COPD: a systematic review protocol. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:38. [PMID: 33371904 PMCID: PMC7768640 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until today, industrial sources contribute to the multifaceted contamination of environmental air. Exposure to air pollutants has the potential to initiate and promote asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). At global scale, both entities cause the majority of about 4 million annual deaths by respiratory disease. However, we identified industrial contamination as a subgroup of air pollution that may be associated with this burden and is underinvestigated in research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate associations between substances industrially released into environmental air and the occurrence of asthma and COPD in the human population. Here we present the protocol for our systematic review of the current evidence. METHODS The following determinations will be applied during the systematic review process and are specified in the protocol that complies with the PRISMA-P statement. Populations of children and adults, as well as outdoor workers, exposed to industrially released air pollutants are of interest. Eligible studies may include subjects as controls who are non- or less exposed to the investigated air pollutants. The outcomes new-onset asthma and/or COPD investigated with risk ratio, odds ratio, hazard ratio, incidence rate ratio, cumulative incidence, and incidence rate are eligible. We will search the electronic literature databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed reports of incidence studies and incidence case-control studies. After systematic sorting of initial records, included studies will be subjected to quality assessment. Data will be synthesized qualitatively and, if appropriate, quantitatively for risk ratio and odds ratio. We will maintain and provide a PRISMA report. DISCUSSION Results of this systematic review may indicate alterations of incidence and risk of asthma and/or COPD in populations within industrial exposure radiuses including outdoor workplaces. Specific causal substances and compositions will be identified, but results will depend on the exposure assessment of the eligible studies. Our approach covers effects of industrial contributions to overall air pollution if studies reportedly attribute investigated emissions to industry. Results of this study may raise the question wether the available higher-level evidence sufficiently covers the current scale of industrial exposure scenarios and their potential harm to respiratory health. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol was registered in PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020151573 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Lux
- Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ruppiner Kliniken, Neuruppin, Germany.
| | - Xaver Baur
- European Society for Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Emeritus University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lygia Therese Budnik
- Translational Toxicology and Immunology Unit, Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Heutelbeck
- Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emeri Neumann
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Diana Adliene
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Judita Puišo
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - David Lucas
- EA4324 ORPHY Laboratory, Occidental Brittany University Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Centre Munich, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ozlem Goksel
- Laboratory of Occupational & Environmental Respiratory Diseases, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, EGE University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Section of Sustainable Health, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
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Khatatbeh M, Alzoubi K, Khabour O, Al-Delaimy W. Adverse Health Impacts of Living Near an Oil Refinery in Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220985794. [PMID: 33488089 PMCID: PMC7768879 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220985794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution can adversely affect the health of communities and manifest as a variety of symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at assessing health symptoms among populations living near an oil refinery in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study was conducted utilizing convenient random sampling at Al-Hashimeya town (where the refinery is located) and Bal'ma town (about 12 km further away from refinery). A total of 486 participants were recruited for the study. The data were checked, coded, and entered to excel sheet and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Variables having a P ⩽ 0.25 were fitted to multivariate logistic regression so as to assess the presence and strength of associations between socio-demographic characteristics and health symptoms and outcomes. A P value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS In the cross tabulation analysis, there were significant differences in the reported respiratory health problems and history of abortions in the family between residents in the 2 towns (P < 0.05). Only 4.7% of Al-Hashimeya residents were extremely enjoying their town compared to 32.9% among Bal'ma residents (P < 0.001). In addition, residents of Al-Hashimeya were at several folds higher risk to have phlegm and about 3 times more likely to have skin problems compared to participants from Bal'ma (P < 0.001). Furthermore, reporting asthma was substantially higher among Al-Hashimeya residents (odds ratio [OR] = 5.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-12.84), and they were more likely to perceive the neighboring oil refinery industry as the leading cause of their health problems than Bal'ma residents (OR = 86.40; 95%CI: 45.95-162.44). CONCLUSION Residents living close to the oil refinery industry in Jordan report adverse impacts on their health, including respiratory problems, skin diseases, and perception of poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah Khatatbeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Delaimy
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chuang HC, Shie RH, Lee CH, Chio CP, Yuan TH, Lee JH, Chan CC. Associations of soluble metals and lung and liver toxicity in mice induced by fine particulate matter originating from a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34442-34452. [PMID: 32557032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adverse health effects have been observed in nearby residents due to exposure to petrochemical-derived chemicals. The objective of this study was to examine associations of soluble metals with lung and liver toxicity in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex. PM2.5 was collected in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex of Mailiao Township (Yunlin County, Taiwan) to investigate lung and liver toxicity in BALB/c mice. The PM2.5 concentration was 30.2 ± 11.2 μg/m3, and the PM2.5 was clustered in major local emissions (19.1 μg/m3) and minor local emissions (14.1 μg/m3) using a k-means clustering model. The PM2.5 (50 and 150 μg/kg) and PM2.5-equivalent soluble nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and lead (Pb) concentrations were intratracheally instilled into BALB/c mice. PM2.5 and V significantly decreased the tidal volume after exposure (p < 0.05). The peak expiratory flow (PEF) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF)/PEF ratio were significantly altered by 150 μg/kg V (p < 0.05). V and Pb significantly increased total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (p < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-6 in BALF significantly increased after exposure to Pb (p < 0.05) accompanied by lung inflammatory infiltration. PM2.5 and Pb significantly increased levels of 8-isoprostane (p < 0.05). The level of caspase-3 activity significantly increased after exposure to Pb (p < 0.05). LDH in the liver was significantly increased by PM2.5 (p < 0.05). 8-Isoprostane in the liver was significantly increased by PM2.5 and Pb (p < 0.05). IL-6 in the liver was significantly increased by PM2.5, Ni, V, and Pb after exposure (p < 0.05), accompanied by liver inflammatory infiltration. Our results demonstrated that V in PM2.5 was associated with an increase in 8-isoprostane for all emissions and major local petrochemical emissions. In conclusion, V contributes to in vivo liver toxicity induced by PM2.5 in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Taiwan CardioPulmonary Research (T-CPR) Group, School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Hong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pin Chio
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Huan Lee
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Marquès M, Domingo JL, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M. Health risks for the population living near petrochemical industrial complexes. 2. Adverse health outcomes other than cancer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139122. [PMID: 32388111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Olaniyan T, Jeebhay M, Röösli M, Naidoo RN, Künzli N, de Hoogh K, Saucy A, Badpa M, Baatjies R, Parker B, Leaner J, Dalvie MA. The association between ambient NO 2 and PM 2.5 with the respiratory health of school children residing in informal settlements: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109606. [PMID: 32371276 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous epidemiological study has investigated the combined association of long-term ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter of diameter size-2.5 (PM2.5) exposure with asthma outcomes among schoolchildren in Africa. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the independent and co-pollutant association of long-term exposures to ambient air pollutants on asthma-associated outcomes in a cohort of schoolchildren in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. METHODS A total of 590 grade-4 schoolchildren residing in four informal settlements were studied. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric-oxide (FeNO) measurements were conducted, including a standardized questionnaire administered to caregivers at baseline and 12-months follow-up. Annual NO2 and PM2.5 levels were estimated for each child's home using land-use regression modelling. Single- and two-pollutant models were constructed to assess the independent and co-pollutant association of both air pollutants (NO2 and PM2.5) on new cases of asthma-associated outcomes adjusting-for host characteristics, indoor exposures and study area. RESULTS The annual average concentration of PM2.5 and NO2 were 10.01μg/m3 and 16.62μg/m3 respectively, across the four study areas, and were below the local Standards of 20μg/m3 and 40μg/m3, for both pollutants, respectively. In the two-pollutant-adjusted models, an interquartile range (IQR) increase of 14.2μg/m3 in NO2 was associated with an increased risk of new onset of ocular-nasal symptoms (adjusted odds ratio-aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.60), wheezing (aOR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.18-10.92), more than two or more asthma symptom score (aOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.86), and airway inflammation defined as FeNO > 35 ppb (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.10-8.71), independent of PM2.5 exposures. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that ambient NO2 levels below local standards and international guidelines, independent of PM2.5 exposure, increases new cases of asthma-associated outcomes after 12-months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyib Olaniyan
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Nino Künzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Apolline Saucy
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mahnaz Badpa
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roslynn Baatjies
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa.
| | - Bhawoodien Parker
- Department of Environmental Affairs and Developmental Planning, Western Cape Government, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Joy Leaner
- Department of Environmental Affairs and Developmental Planning, Western Cape Government, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Incidence of Respiratory Symptoms for Residents Living Near a Petrochemical Industrial Complex: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072474. [PMID: 32260460 PMCID: PMC7178237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The air pollution emitted by petrochemical industrial complexes (PICs) may affect the respiratory health of surrounding residents. Previous meta-analyses have indicated a higher risk of lung cancer mortality and incidence among residents near a PIC. Therefore, in this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the degree to which PIC exposure increases the risk of the development of nonmalignant respiratory symptoms among residents. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to systematically identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research. Finally, we identified 16 study groups reporting 5 types of respiratory symptoms: asthma, bronchitis, cough, rhinitis, and wheezing. We estimated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using random-effect models and investigated the robustness of pooled estimates in subgroup analyses by location, observation period, and age group. We determined that residential exposure to a PIC was significantly associated with a higher incidence of cough (OR = 1.35), wheezing (OR = 1.28), bronchitis (OR = 1.26), rhinitis (OR = 1.17), and asthma (OR = 1.15), although the latter two associations did not reach statistical significance. Subgroup analyses suggested that the association remained robust across different groups for cough and bronchitis. We identified high heterogeneity for asthma, rhinitis, and wheezing, which could be due to higher ORs in South America. Our meta-analysis indicates that residential exposure to a PIC is associated with an increased risk of nonmalignant respiratory symptoms.
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Xing X, Hu L, Guo Y, Bloom MS, Li S, Chen G, Yim SHL, Gurram N, Yang M, Xiao X, Xu S, Wei Q, Yu H, Yang B, Zeng X, Chen W, Hu Q, Dong G. Interactions between ambient air pollution and obesity on lung function in children: The Seven Northeastern Chinese Cities (SNEC) Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134397. [PMID: 31677469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Children are vulnerable to air pollution-induced lung function deficits, and the prevalence of obesity has been increasing in children. To evaluate the joint effects of long-term PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 μm) exposure and obesity on children's lung function, a cross-sectional sample of 6740 children (aged 7-14 years) was enrolled across seven northeastern Chinese cities from 2012 to 2013. Weight and lung function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), were measured according to standardized protocols. Average PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure levels were estimated using a spatiotemporal model, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) exposure were estimated using data from municipal air monitoring stations. Two-level logistic regression and general linear models were used to analyze the joint effects of body mass index (BMI) and air pollutants. The results showed that long-term air pollution exposure was associated with lung function impairment and there were significant interactions with BMI. Associations were stronger among obese and overweight than normal weight participants (the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PM1 and lung function impairments in three increasing BMI categories were 1.50 (1.07-2.11) to 2.55 (1.59-4.07) for FVC < 85% predicted, 1.44 (1.03-2.01) to 2.51 (1.53-4.11) for FEV1 < 85% predicted, 1.34 (0.97-1.84) to 2.04 (1.24-3.35) for PEF < 75% predicted, and 1.34 (1.01-1.78) to 1.93 (1.26-2.95) for MMEF < 75% predicted). Consistent results were detected in linear regression models for PM1, PM2.5 and SO2 on FVC and FEV1 impairments (PInteraction < 0.05). These modification effects were stronger among females and older participants. These results can provide policy makers with more comprehensive information for to develop strategies for preventing air pollution induced children's lung function deficits among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Steve Hung Lam Yim
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Namratha Gurram
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuli Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongyao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Boyi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China.
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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19
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Cho HJ, Lee SY, Park D, Ryu SH, Yoon J, Jung S, Lee E, Yang SI, Hong SJ. Early-life exposure to humidifier disinfectant determines the prognosis of lung function in children. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:261. [PMID: 31870444 PMCID: PMC6929365 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of humidifier disinfectants (HD) at home leads to chemical airborne exposure, causing HD associated lung injury (HDLI) with high mortality. However, the lung function in children diagnosed with HDLI is not well studied. We investigated the effect of HD exposure on lung function, prognosis, and exposure characteristics associated with the lung function phenotype in children. METHODS Eighty-one children diagnosed with HDLI in a nationwide cohort were tested for spirometry and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) from July 2013 and followed up with at five time points over 2 years. The results were compared with 122 children without HD exposure as controls. Home investigation and questionnaire analysis were conducted to assess HD inhalation exposure. RESULTS HDLI survivor's mean percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and corrected DLco were significantly lower compared with the control group. On longitudinal assessment, FVC was within the normal range, but flattened, and spirometry showed a predominantly restrictive pattern. Corrected DLco did not normalize above 80% despite increasing age. The persistently low phenotype of lung function was associated with initial exposure age, especially less than 12 months of age. Higher density HD exposure during sleep and close distance between the bed and the humidifier were significantly associated with persistently low corrected DLco. CONCLUSIONS HD exposure affects prolonged decrement in lung function, especially DLco, particularly among children who are exposed within the first year of life. These results suggested that early-life HD exposure determines long-term prognosis of lung function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, International St. Mary's hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Ryu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-I Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Review of the effect of air pollution exposure from industrial point sources on asthma-related effects in childhood. Environ Epidemiol 2019; 3:e077. [PMID: 33778345 PMCID: PMC7939412 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We reviewed epidemiologic studies of the association between exposure to air pollution from industries and asthma-related outcomes in childhood. We searched bibliographic databases and reference lists of relevant articles to identify studies examining the association between children's exposure to air pollution from industrial point-sources and asthma-related outcomes, including asthma, asthma-like symptoms, wheezing, and bronchiolitis. We extracted key characteristics of each study and when appropriate we performed a random-effects meta-analysis of results and quantified heterogeneity (I 2). Thirty-six studies were included in this review. Meta-analysis was generally not possible and limited to a few studies because of substantial variation across design characteristics and methodologies. In case-crossover studies using administrative health data, pooled odds ratio (OR) of hospitalization for asthma and bronchiolitis in children <5 years were 1.02 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.96, 1.08; I 2 = 56%] and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.05; I 2 = 64%) per 10 ppb increase in the daily mean and hourly maximum concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), respectively. For PM2.5, pooled ORs were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.10; I 2 = 56%) and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.03 I 2 = 33%) per 10 μg/m3 increment in the daily mean and hourly maximum concentration. In cross-sectional studies using questionnaires, pooled ORs for the prevalence of asthma and wheezing in relation to residential proximity to industry were 1.98 (95% CI: 0.87, 3.09; I 2 =71%) and 1.33 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.79; I 2= 65%), respectively. In conclusion, this review showed substantial heterogeneity across study designs and methods. Meta-analysis results suggested no evidence of an association for short-term asthma-related effects and an indication for long-term effects, but heterogeneity between results and limitations in terms of design and exposure assessment preclude drawing definite conclusions. Further well-conducted studies making use of a longitudinal design and of refined exposure assessment methods are needed to improve risk estimates.
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21
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Saikomol S, Thepanondh S, Laowagul W. Emission losses and dispersion of volatile organic compounds from tank farm of petroleum refinery complex. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:561-570. [PMID: 32030134 PMCID: PMC6985329 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from the tank farm of petroleum refinery were evaluated in this study in order to analyze for the potential impacts on health and odor nuisance problems. Estimation procedures were carried out by using the U.S.EPA TANK 4.0.9d emission model in conjunction with direct measurements of gas phase of each stored liquid within aboveground storage tanks. Results revealed that about 61.12% of total VOC emitted from the tank farm by volume were alkanes, in which pentane were richest (27.4%), followed by cyclopentane (19.22%), propene (19.02%), and isobutene (14.22%). Mostly of pentane (about 80%) were emitted from the floating roof tanks contained crude oil corresponded to the largest annual throughput of crude oil as compared with other petroleum distillates. Emission data were further analyzed for their ambient concentration using the AERMOD dispersion model in order to determine the extent and magnitude of odor and health impacts caused by pentane. Results indicated that there was no health impact from inhalation of pentane. However, predicted data were higher than the odor threshold values of pentane which indicated the possibility of odor nuisance problem in the vicinity areas of the refinery. In order to solve this problem, modification of the type of crude oil storage tanks from external floating roof to domed external floating roof could be significant success in reduction of both emissions and ambient concentrations of VOC from petroleum refinery tank farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwadi Saikomol
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Thepanondh
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Wanna Laowagul
- Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
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Gupta S. Agriculture Crop Residue Burning and Its Consequences on Respiration Health of School-Going Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2019; 6:2333794X19874679. [PMID: 31523702 PMCID: PMC6734611 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x19874679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop waste burning in open fields is a matter of concern in relation to health-related complications in humans of all age groups, especially children. An epidemiological study was been done on school children to estimate the decline in their physiological parameters due to crop residue burning activity. A total of 150 children were inspected for 3 years (2013-2016) at 3 different sites in India. During sampling periods, spirometric tests, ambient particulate matter having size ≥10 µg-3 and ≥2.5 µg-3, and other covariates were measured twice in a fortnight. After adjustment of data in multivariate mixed-effect model, prediction and statistical analyses were done. From results obtained, it has been observed that season wise, the level of fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) was higher in rice crop residue burning seasons than in wheat crop residue burning seasons by 87% to 123% than permitted monthly limits. As per dose-response relationship, maximum degradation was observed in forced vital capacity (-7.62%) and peak expiratory flow (-6.23%) parameters from their baseline values due to burning activities. Prediction equations have been purposed to observe the future trends in physiological parameters of children. Based on Tiffeneau index, an unrecoverable effect was seen in lung parameters. Trends were alarming and may cause serious complications in early age of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gupta
- Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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23
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Idavain J, Julge K, Rebane T, Lang A, Orru H. Respiratory symptoms, asthma and levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in schoolchildren in the industrial areas of Estonia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:65-72. [PMID: 30195132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to air pollutants in the ambient environment has been associated with various respiratory symptoms, and with increased asthma diagnosis, in both children and adults. Most research to date has focussed on core pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2, and less attention has been given to the effects of industry-specific contamination. The current study aimed to examine the associations between respiratory symptoms, asthma, increased levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (as a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation) and ambient levels of industrial pollutants (such as benzene, phenol, formaldehyde and non-methane hydrocarbons) for schoolchildren living near oil shale industries in Ida-Viru County, Estonia. METHODS A total of 1326 schoolchildren from Ida-Viru, Lääne-Viru and Tartu Counties participated in a cross-sectional study, consisting of questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and asthma, as well as clinical examinations to measure FeNO. Dispersion modelling was used to characterize individual-level exposure to industrial air pollutants at each subject's home address. Associations between exposure and respiratory health were investigated using logistic regression analysis, and differences in results between regions were analysed using the Chi-squared test. RESULTS The prevalence of respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05) in children living near (i.e. within 5 km) of an oil shale industry site in Ida-Viru County was 2-4 times higher than in children living in the reference area of Tartu County. Children exposed to 1 μg/m3 higher levels of benzene and formaldehyde had a higher odds ratio (OR) of having rhinitis without a cold (OR 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.06), of ever having had attacks of asthma (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and of having a dry cough a few days per year (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10). Children exposed to 1 μg/m3 higher levels of benzene, formaldehyde, phenol and non-methane hydrocarbons had a higher odds ratio of having high FeNO levels (≥30 ppb): OR and 95% CI of 1.05, 1.01-1.09; 1.22, 1.06-1.41; 1.01, 1.00-1.01; and 1.75, 1.75-2.62, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Idavain
- University of Tartu, Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - K Julge
- Tartu University Hospital Children's Clinic, N. Lunini 6, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; University of Tartu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, N. Lunini 6, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - T Rebane
- Tartu University Hospital United Laboratories, L. Puusepa 8, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - A Lang
- University of Tartu, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - H Orru
- University of Tartu, Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Umea University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, SE-901 87, Sweden.
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Buteau S, Doucet M, Tétreault LF, Gamache P, Fournier M, Brand A, Kosatsky T, Smargiassi A. A population-based birth cohort study of the association between childhood-onset asthma and exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:23-30. [PMID: 30172232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the association between air pollution and asthma onset have mostly focused on urban and traffic-related air pollution. We investigated the associations between exposure to industrial emissions and childhood-onset asthma in a population-based birth cohort in Quebec, Canada, 2002-2011. METHODS The cohort was built from administrative health databases. We developed separately for PM2.5 and SO2 different metrics representing children's time-varying residential exposure to industrial emissions: 1) yearly number of tons of air pollutant emitted by industries located within 2.5 km of the residence; 2) distance to the nearest "major emitter" (≥100 tons) of either PM2.5 and SO2 within 7.5 km of the residence, and; 3) tons of air pollutant emitted by the nearest "major emitter" within 7.5 km, weighted by the inverse of the distance and the percentage of time that the residence was downwind. To handle the large number of zeros (i.e., children unexposed) we decomposed the exposure variable into two covariates simultaneously included in the regression model: a binary indicator of exposure and a continuous exposure variable centered at the mean value among exposed children. We performed Cox models using age as the time axis, adjusted for gender, material and social deprivation and calendar year. We indirectly adjusted for unmeasured secondhand smoke. RESULTS The cohort included 722,667 children and 66,559 incident cases of asthma. Across the different exposure metrics, mean percentage changes in the risk of asthma onset in children exposed to the mean relative to those unexposed ranged from 4.5% (95% CI: 2.8, 6.3%) to 10.6% (95% CI: 6.2, 15.2%) for PM2.5 and, from 1.1% (95% CI: -0.1, 3.3%) to 8.9% (95% CI: 7.1, 11.1%) for SO2. Indirect adjustment for secondhand smoke did not substantially affect the associations. In children exposed, the risk of asthma onset increased with the magnitude of the exposure for all metrics, except the distance to the nearest major emitter of SO2. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based birth cohort, residential exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions was associated with childhood-onset asthma. Additional studies with improved models for estimating exposure to industrial point-sources are needed to further support the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Buteau
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariève Doucet
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Philippe Gamache
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Fournier
- Montreal's Public Health Department, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Allan Brand
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tom Kosatsky
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Institut national de sante publique du Quebec (INSPQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; University of Montreal, Public Health Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Bergstra AD, Brunekreef B, Burdorf A. The mediating role of risk perception in the association between industry-related air pollution and health. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196783. [PMID: 29723277 PMCID: PMC5933722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heavy industry emits many potentially hazardous pollutants into the air which can affect health. Awareness about the potential health impacts of air pollution from industry can influence people’s risk perception. This in turn can affect (self-reported) symptoms. Our aims were to investigate the associations of air pollution from heavy industry with health symptoms and to evaluate whether these associations are mediated by people’s risk perception about local industry. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among children (2–18 years) and adults (19 years and above) living in the direct vicinity of an area with heavy industry. A dispersion model was used to characterize individual-level exposures to air pollution emitted from the industry in the area. Associations between PM2.5 and NOX with presence of chronic diseases (adults) and respiratory symptoms (adults and children) were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Risk perception was indirectly measured by worries about local industry (0–10 scale). Mediation analyses were performed to investigate the role of mediation by these worries. Results The response was 54% (2,627/4,877). In adults exposure to modelled PM2.5 from industry (per μg/m3) was related with reported high blood pressure (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.13–2.15) and exposure to modelled NOX (per μg/m3) was inversely related with cardiovascular diseases (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98). In children higher PM2.5 and NOX concentrations (per μg/m3) were related with wheezing (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.24–3.24 and OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.21 respectively) and dry cough (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.55–3.52 and OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.22 respectively). Parental worry about local industry was an important mediator in exposure–health relations in children (indirect effect between 19–28%). Conclusion Exposure from industry was associated with self-reported reported high blood pressure among adults and respiratory symptoms among their children. Risk perception was found to mediate these associations for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold D. Bergstra
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Zeeland Public Health Service, Goes, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Chuang HC, Shie RH, Chio CP, Yuan TH, Lee JH, Chan CC. Cluster analysis of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) emissions and its bioreactivity in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:591-597. [PMID: 29428713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated associations between the bioreactivity of PM2.5in vitro and emission sources in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex in Taiwan. The average PM2.5 was 30.2 μg/m3 from 9 February to 23 March 2016, and the PM2.5 was clustered in long-range transport (with major local source) (12.8 μg/m3), and major (17.3 μg/m3) and minor industrial emissions (4.7 μg/m3) using a k-means clustering model. A reduction in cell viability and increases in the cytotoxicity-related lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress-related 8-isoprostane, and inflammation-related interleukin (IL)-6 occurred due to PM2.5 in a dose-dependent manner. The PM2.5 from major industrial emissions was significantly correlated with increased 8-isoprostane and IL-6, but this was not observed for long-range transport or minor industrial emissions. The bulk metal concentration was 9.52 ng/m3 in PM2.5. We further observed that As, Ba, Cd, and Se were correlated with LDH in the long-range transport group. Pb in PM2.5 from the major industrial emissions was correlated with LDH, whereas Pb and Se were correlated with 8-isoprostane. Sr was correlated with cell viability in the minor industrial emissions group. We demonstrated a new approach to investigate particle bioreactivity, which suggested that petrochemical-emitted PM2.5 should be a concern for surrounding residents' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Pin Chio
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Huan Lee
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yu Y, Yu Z, Sun P, Lin B, Li L, Wang Z, Ma R, Xiang M, Li H, Guo S. Effects of ambient air pollution from municipal solid waste landfill on children's non-specific immunity and respiratory health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:382-390. [PMID: 29414361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the association between air pollutant (AP) and respiratory health of 951 children residing near a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Northern China. Results showed that students in non-exposure areas had significantly higher levels of lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and better lung capacity than students in exposure areas (p < .05). Multiple regression model analysis indicated that lysozyme levels exhibited a consistent negative association with methane (CH4: β = -76.3, 95% CI -105 to -47.7) and sulfuretted hydrogen (H2S: β = -11.7, 95% CI -20.2 to -3.19). In addition, SIgA levels were negatively associated with H2S (β = -68.9, 95% CI -97.9 to -39.9) and ammonia (NH3: β = -30.3, 95% CI -51.7 to -8.96). Among all AP, H2S and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were the most robustly related with reduced lung function. H2S exposure was negatively associated with six lung function indices, 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1%), mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (MMF), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and forced expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75); and SO2 was negatively associated with FEV1%, MVV, FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75. Our results suggested that AP exposure was negatively associated with more lung function parameters in boys than in girls. In conclusion, our findings suggested that children living adjacent to landfill sites were more likely to have deficient non-specific immunity and impaired lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ziling Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Peng Sun
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, 102413, China
| | - Bigui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Shu Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Bergstra AD, Brunekreef B, Burdorf A. The effect of industry-related air pollution on lung function and respiratory symptoms in school children. Environ Health 2018; 17:30. [PMID: 29587756 PMCID: PMC5872550 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy industry emits many potentially hazardous pollutants into the air which can affect health. However, the effects of air pollution from heavy industry on lung function and respiratory symptoms have been investigated scarcely. Our aim was to investigate the associations of long-term air pollution from heavy industry with lung function and respiratory symptoms in school children. METHODS A cross-sectional lung function study was conducted among school children (7-13 years) in the vicinity of an area with heavy industry. Lung function measurements were conducted during school hours. Parents of the children were asked to complete a questionnaire about the health of their children. A dispersion model was used to characterize the additional individual-level exposures to air pollutants from the industry in the area. Associations between PM2.5 and NOX exposure with lung function and presence of respiratory symptoms were investigated by linear and/or logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Participation in the lung function measurements and questionnaires was 84% (665/787) and 77% (603/787), respectively. The range of the elevated PM2.5 and NOX five years average concentrations (2008-2012) due to heavy industry were 0.04-1.59 μg/m3 and 0.74-11.33 μg/m3 respectively. After adjustment for confounders higher exposure to PM2.5 and NOX (per interquartile range of 0.56 and 7.43 μg/m3 respectively) was associated with lower percent predicted peak expiratory flow (PEF) (B -2.80%, 95%CI -5.05% to - 0.55% and B -3.67%, 95%CI -6.93% to - 0.42% respectively). Higher exposure to NOX (per interquartile range of 7.43 μg/m3) was also associated with lower percent forced vital capacity (FVC) and percent predicted forced expiration volume in 1 s (FEV1) (B -2.30, 95% CI -4.55 to - 0.05 and B -2.73, 95%CI -5.21 to - 0.25 respectively). No significant associations were found between the additional exposure to PM2.5 or NOX and respiratory symptoms except for PM2.5 and dry cough (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.94). CONCLUSION Exposure to PM2.5 and NOX from industry was associated with decreased lung function. Exposure to PM2.5 was also associated with parents' reports of dry cough among their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold D. Bergstra
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Zeeland Public Health Service, PO Box 345, 4460AS, Goes, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80176, 3508TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Acute effects of air pollution on respiratory disease mortalities and outpatients in Southeastern China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3461. [PMID: 29472599 PMCID: PMC5823896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between air pollutants and respiratory diseases (RDs). Generalized additive models were used to analyze the effect of air pollutants on mortalities or outpatient visits. The average concentrations of air pollutants in Hangzhou (HZ) were 1.6–2.8 times higher than those in Zhoushan (ZS), except for O3. In a single pollutant model, the increased concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were strongly associated with deaths caused by RD in HZ, while PM2.5 and O3 were associated with deaths caused by RD in ZS. All air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3) were strongly associated with outpatient visits for RD in both HZ and ZS. In multiple pollutant models, a significant association was only observed between PM2.5 and the mortality rate of RD patients in both HZ and in ZS. Moreover, strong associations between SO2, NO2, and outpatient visits for RD were observed in HZ and ZS. This study has provided evidence that both the mortality rates and outpatient visits for RD were significantly associated with air pollutants. Furthermore, the results showed that different air pollutant levels lead to regional differences between mortality rates and outpatient visits.
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Mentz G, Robins TG, Batterman S, Naidoo RN. Acute respiratory symptoms associated with short term fluctuations in ambient pollutants among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:529-539. [PMID: 29102883 PMCID: PMC5764788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes, especially among children with asthma. This study reports on associations between daily ambient air pollutant concentrations and the respiratory symptoms of schoolchildren living in Durban, South Africa. This city is Africa's busiest port and a key hub for imported crude oil and exported refined petroleum and petrochemical products, and it experiences a mixture of air pollutants that reflects emissions from industry, traffic and biomass burning. Children in four communities in the highly industrialized southern portion of the city were compared to children of similar socio-economic profiles living in the north of the city. One school was selected in each community. A total of 423 children were recruited. Symptom logs were completed every 1.5-2 h over 3-week period in each of four seasons. Ambient concentrations of NO2, NO, SO2, CO, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 were measured throughout the study. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and assess lag effects (1-5 days) using single pollutant (single lags or distributed lags) models. Concentrations of SO2 and NOx were markedly higher in the south, while PM10 did not vary. Significant increase in the odds ratios of cough were identified for the various lags analyzed. The OR of symptoms was further increased among those living in the south compared to the north. In conclusion, in this analysis of over 70,000 observations, we provide further evidence that exposure to PM10, SO2, NO2 and NO is associated with significantly increased occurrence of respiratory symptoms among children. This was evident for cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, across the four pollutants and for different lags of exposure. This is the first study describing these changes in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Mentz
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Room M6007 SPH II 2029, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Thomas G Robins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Room M6007 SPH II 2029, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Room M6007 SPH II 2029, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room 321, George Campbell Building, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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Chuang HC, Hsiao TC, Lee CH, Chun-Te Lin J, Chuang KJ, Feng PH, Cheng TJ. Effects of physical characteristics of carbon black on metabolic regulation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:494-504. [PMID: 28993026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potential adverse effects of human exposure to carbon black (CB) have been reported, but limited knowledge regarding CB-regulated metabolism is currently available. To evaluate how physical parameters of CB influence metabolism, we investigated CB and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and attempted to relate various physical parameters, including the hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and particle number concentrations, to lung energy metabolism in female BALB/c mice. A body weight increase was arrested by 3 months of exposure to CB of smaller-size fractions, which was negatively correlated with pyruvate in plasma. There were no significant differences in cytotoxic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after 3 months of CB exposure. However, we observed alterations in acetyl CoA and the NADP/NADPH ratio in lung tissues with CB exposure. Additionally, the NADP/NADPH ratio was associated with the zeta potential of CB. Mild peribronchiovascular and interstitial inflammation and multinucleated giant cells (macrophages) with a transparent and rhomboid appearance and containing foreign bodies were observed in lung sections. We suggest that physical characteristics of CB, such as the zeta potential, may disrupt metabolism after pulmonary exposure. These results, therefore, provide the first evidence of a link between pulmonary exposure to CB and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chii-Hong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Justin Chun-Te Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bai KJ, Chuang KJ, Chen JK, Hua HE, Shen YL, Liao WN, Lee CH, Chen KY, Lee KY, Hsiao TC, Pan CH, Ho KF, Chuang HC. Investigation into the pulmonary inflammopathology of exposure to nickel oxide nanoparticles in mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:2329-2339. [PMID: 29074311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) on the pulmonary inflammopathology. NiONPs were intratracheally installed into mice, and lung injury and inflammation were evaluated between 1 and 28 days. NiONPs caused significant increases in LDH, total protein, and IL-6 and a decrease in IL-10 in the BALF and increases in 8-OHdG and caspase-3 in lung tissues at 24 h. Airway inflammation was present in a dose-dependent manner from the upper to lower airways at 24 h of exposure as analyzed by SPECT. Lung parenchyma inflammation and small airway inflammation were observed by CT after NiONP exposure. 8-OHdG in lung tissues had increased with formation of fibrosis at 28 days. Focal adhesion was the most important pathways identified at 24 h as determined by protemics, whereas glutathione metabolism was the most important identified at 28 days. Our results demonstrated the pulmonary inflammopathology caused by NiONPs based on image-to-biochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jen Bai
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - His-En Hua
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Shen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Neng Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Hong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hong Pan
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Cox RS, Irwin P, Scannell L, Ungar M, Bennett TD. Children and youth's biopsychosocial wellbeing in the context of energy resource activities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:499-507. [PMID: 28709032 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and youth emerge as key populations that are impacted by energy resource activities, in part because of their developmental vulnerabilities, as well as the compounding effects of energy systems on their families, communities, and physical environments. While there is a larger literature focused on fossil fuel emissions and children, the impacts of many aspects of energy systems on children and youth remain under examined and scattered throughout the health, social science, and environmental science literatures. OBJECTIVES This systematic interdisciplinary review examines the biological, psychosocial, and economic impacts of energy systems identified through social science research - specifically focused on household and industrial extraction and emissions - on children and youth functioning. METHODS A critical interpretive search of interdisciplinary and international social sciences literature was conducted using an adaptive protocol focusing on the biopsychosocial and economic impacts of energy systems on children and youth. The initial results were complemented with a purposeful search to extend the breadth and depth of the final collection of articles. DISCUSSION Although relatively few studies have specifically focused on children and youth in this context, the majority of this research uncovers a range of negative health impacts that are directly and indirectly related to the development and ongoing operations of natural resource production, particularly oil and gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Psychosocial and cultural effects, however, remain largely unexamined and provide a rich avenue for further research. CONCLUSIONS This synthesis identifies an array of adverse biopsychosocial health outcomes on children and youth of energy resource extraction and emissions, and identifies gaps that will drive future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Cox
- ResiliencebyDesign Research Lab, School of Humanitarian Studies, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Pamela Irwin
- ResiliencebyDesign Research Lab, School of Humanitarian Studies, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Leila Scannell
- ResiliencebyDesign Research Lab, School of Humanitarian Studies, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Ungar
- Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Trevor Dixon Bennett
- ResiliencebyDesign Research Lab, School of Humanitarian Studies, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Olaniyan T, Jeebhay M, Röösli M, Naidoo R, Baatjies R, Künzil N, Tsai M, Davey M, de Hoogh K, Berman D, Parker B, Leaner J, Dalvie MA. A prospective cohort study on ambient air pollution and respiratory morbidities including childhood asthma in adolescents from the western Cape Province: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:712. [PMID: 28915873 PMCID: PMC5602849 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence from existing literature that ambient air pollutant exposure in early childhood likely plays an important role in asthma exacerbation and other respiratory symptoms, with greater effect among asthmatic children. However, there is inconclusive evidence on the role of ambient air pollutant exposures in relation to increasing asthma prevalence as well as asthma induction in children. At the population level, little is known about the potential synergistic effects between pollen allergens and air pollutants since this type of association poses challenges in uncontrolled real life settings. In particular, data from sub-Sahara Africa is scarce and virtually absent among populations residing in informal residential settlements. METHODS/DESIGN A prospective cohort study of 600 school children residing in four informal settlement areas with varying potential ambient air pollutant exposure levels in the Western Cape in South Africa is carried-out. The study has two follow-up periods of at least six-months apart including an embedded panel study in summer and winter. The exposure assessment component models temporal and spatial variability of air quality in the four study areas over the study duration using land-use regression modelling (LUR). Additionally, daily pollen levels (mould spores, tree, grass and weed pollen) in the study areas are recorded. In the panel study asthma symptoms and serial peak flow measurements is recorded three times daily to determine short-term serial airway changes in relation to varying ambient air quality and pollen over 10-days during winter and summer. The health outcome component of the cohort study include; the presence of asthma using a standardised ISAAC questionnaire, spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric-oxide (FeNO) and the presence of atopy (Phadiatop). DISCUSSION This research applies state of the art exposure assessment approaches to characterize the effects of ambient air pollutants on childhood respiratory health, with a specific focus on asthma and markers of airway inflammation (FeNO) in South African informal settlement areas by considering also pollen counts and meteorological factors. The study will generate crucial data on air pollution and asthma in low income settings in sub-Sahara Africa that is lacking in the international literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyib Olaniyan
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rajen Naidoo
- University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roslynn Baatjies
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nino Künzil
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ming Tsai
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Mark Davey
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dilys Berman
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bhawoodien Parker
- Department of Environmental Affairs and Developmental Planning, Western Cape Government, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joy Leaner
- Department of Environmental Affairs and Developmental Planning, Western Cape Government, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chuang HC, Chuang KJ, Chen JK, Hua HE, Shen YL, Liao WN, Lee CH, Pan CH, Chen KY, Lee KY, Hsiao TC, Cheng TJ. Pulmonary pathobiology induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice: A 24-hour and 28-day follow-up study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 327:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kampeerawipakorn O, Navasumrit P, Settachan D, Promvijit J, Hunsonti P, Parnlob V, Nakngam N, Choonvisase S, Chotikapukana P, Chanchaeamsai S, Ruchirawat M. Health risk evaluation in a population exposed to chemical releases from a petrochemical complex in Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:207-213. [PMID: 27792945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from petrochemical industries may contain toxic and carcinogenic compounds that can pose health risk to human populations. The scenario may be worse in developing countries where management of such exposure-health problems is typically not well-implemented and the public may not be well-informed about such health risk. In Thailand, increasing incidences of respiratory diseases and cancers have been reported for the population around a major petrochemical complex, the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate (MTPIE). This study aimed to systematically investigate an exposure-health risk among these populations. One-hundred and twelve healthy residents living nearby MTPIE and 50 controls located approximately 40km from MTPIE were recruited. Both external and internal exposure doses to benzene and 1,3-butadiene, known to be associated with the types of cancer that are of concern, were measured because they represent exposure to industrial and/or traffic-related emissions. Health risk was assessed using the biomarkers of early biological effects for cancer and inflammatory responses, as well as biomarkers of exposure for benzene and 1,3-butadiene. The exposure levels of benzene and 1,3-butadiene were similar for both the exposed and control groups. This was confirmed by a non-significant difference in the levels of specific urinary metabolites for benzene (trans,trans-muconic acid, t,t-MA) and 1,3-butadiene (monohydroxy-butyl mercapturic acid, MHBMA). Levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA strand breaks between the two groups were not statistically significantly different. However, functional biomarkers, interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression was significantly higher (p<0.01) and DNA repair capacity was lower (p<0.05) in the exposed residents compared to the control subjects. This suggests that the exposed residents may have a higher risk for development of diseases such as cancer compared to controls. However, the increased expression of IL-8 and lower DNA repair capacity were not associated with recent and excessive exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene, which were at the similar levels as those in the controls. The data would indicate that previous exposure to the two chemicals together with exposure to other toxic chemicals from the MTPIE may be responsible for the elevated functional biomarkers and health risk. Further studies are required to determine which other pollutants from the industrial complex could be causing these functional abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ormrat Kampeerawipakorn
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Thailand
| | - Daam Settachan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Promvijit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Potchanee Hunsonti
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varabhorn Parnlob
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Netnapa Nakngam
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suppachai Choonvisase
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Samroeng Chanchaeamsai
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Thailand.
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Singh P, Ojha A, Borthakur A, Singh R, Lahiry D, Tiwary D, Mishra PK. Emerging trends in photodegradation of petrochemical wastes: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22340-22364. [PMID: 27566154 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various human activities like mining and extraction of mineral oils have been used for the modernization of society and well-beings. However, the by-products such as petrochemical wastes generated from such industries are carcinogenic and toxic, which had increased environmental pollution and risks to human health several folds. Various methods such as physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to degrade these pollutants from wastewater. Advance oxidation processes (AOPs) are evolving techniques for efficient sequestration of chemically stable and less biodegradable organic pollutants. In the present review, photocatalytic degradation of petrochemical wastes containing monoaromatic and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied using various heterogeneous photocatalysts (such as TiO2, ZnO and CdS. The present article seeks to offer a scientific and technical overview of the current trend in the use of the photocatalyst for remediation and degradation of petrochemical waste depending upon the recent advances in photodegradation of petrochemical research using bibliometric analysis. We further outlined the effect of various heterogeneous catalysts and their ecotoxicity, various degradation pathways of petrochemical wastes, the key regulatory parameters and the reactors used. A critical analysis of the available literature revealed that TiO2 is widely reported in the degradation processes along with other semiconductors/nanomaterials in visible and UV light irradiation. Further, various degradation studies have been carried out at laboratory scale in the presence of UV light. However, further elaborative research is needed for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to pilot-scale operation and to develop environmental friendly catalysts which support the sustainable treatment technology with the "zero concept" of industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, there is a need to develop more effective methods which consume less energy and are more efficient in pilot scale for the demineralization of pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110068, India.
| | - Ankita Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anwesha Borthakur
- Centre for Studies in Science Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rishikesh Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - D Lahiry
- Rajghat Education Centre, KFI, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dhanesh Tiwary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
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Chiang TY, Yuan TH, Shie RH, Chen CF, Chan CC. Increased incidence of allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma, in children living near a petrochemical complex with SO 2 pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:1-7. [PMID: 27585759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate incidence of allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma, in children living near a petrochemical complex with SO2 pollution obtained by air monitoring stations. A total of 587 children aged 11 to 14 were recruited and classified into high and low exposure groups based on a radius of 10km from the complex. To study the influence of health on children since the operation of complex in 1999 and observe the difference of these diseases' short-term and long-term impact, we obtained the incidence rates of allergic rhinitis (ICD-9: 477), bronchitis (490-491) and asthma (493) from the Taiwan Health Insurance Database for three periods: 1999-2002, 1999-2006, and 1999-2010. Since 2001, the mean and 99th percentile of SO2 concentrations in the high exposure area have been significantly higher than those in low exposure area. There were significant differences between the high and low exposure groups in the percentage of smoking, alcohol consumption, passive smoking exposure and incense burning habits. The incidence rates of three intervals were 26.9%, 35.7%, 41.7%; 8.3%, 8.8%, 10.2%; 18.5%, 25.0%, 26.9% for allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma in high exposure group. Significant differences were found between groups for allergic rhinitis in all periods, bronchitis in the first two periods, and asthma in the first period using Student's t-test. After we adjusted age, gender, group, living near roads, incense burning and passive smoking exposure, the hazard ratios between exposure groups were 3.05, 2.74, and 1.93 for allergic rhinitis with significant difference in three periods, and 2.53, 1.92 and 1.72 for bronchitis with significant difference in first period and 1.60, 1.28 and 1.29 for asthma with significant difference in first period by Cox regression. The higher incidence of allergic rhinitis was related to boys and living near roads and the higher incidence of asthma was also related to younger children, boys, and passive smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ying Chiang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cipolla M, Bruzzone M, Stagnaro E, Ceppi M, Izzotti A, Culotta C, Piccardo MT. Health Issues of Primary School Students Residing in Proximity of an Oil Terminal with Environmental Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4574138. [PMID: 27446951 PMCID: PMC4947509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4574138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Residential proximity to industrial sites has been associated with adverse effects on human health. Children are more susceptible to airborne environmental exposure because their immune and respiratory systems are still developing. This study aimed to investigate whether living close to an oil terminal in Genoa where there is higher VOCs exposure is associated with an increased rate of school absenteeism because of disease in primary school children. Five schools were chosen for the recruitment of children and students residing in the industrial site (A) were compared to those living in residential sites (B). Sixty-six of the 407 students involved in the project were also selected for VOC monitoring. Source apportionment was carried out by comparing profiles of VOCs; principal component analysis was performed to study the correlation between profiles, and Kriging interpolation model was used to extend profiles to all participants. The concentration means of total VOCs were significantly higher in the industrial areas compared to controls. Adjusting for potential confounders, children who lived in area A had a significantly higher risk of being absent from school due to sore throat, cough, and cold compared to controls. o-Xylene, which is dispersed during the industrial activity, showed clear evidence of a significant association with respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cipolla
- Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Stagnaro
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Culotta
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria 3 Genovese, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Piccardo
- Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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40
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Pan CH, Chuang KJ, Chen JK, Hsiao TC, Lai CH, Jones TP, BéruBé KA, Hong GB, Ho KF, Chuang HC. Characterization of pulmonary protein profiles in response to zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice: a 24-hour and 28-day follow-up study. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4705-16. [PMID: 26251593 PMCID: PMC4524458 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are recognized to cause systemic disorders, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the time-dependent differences that occur after exposure. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanistic differences at 24 hours and 28 days after the exposure of BALB/c mice to ZnONPs via intratracheal instillation. An isobaric tag for the relative and absolute quantitation coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the differential protein expression, biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways. A total of 18 and 14 proteins displayed significant changes in the lung tissues at 24 hours and 28 days after exposure, respectively, with the most striking changes being observed for S100-A9 protein. Metabolic processes and catalytic activity were the main biological processes and molecular functions, respectively, in the responses at the 24-hour and 28-day follow-up times. The glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway was continuously downregulated from 24 hours to 28 days, whereas detoxification pathways were activated at the 28-day time-point after exposure. A comprehensive understanding of the potential time-dependent effects of exposure to ZnONPs was provided, which highlights the metabolic mechanisms that may be important in the responses to ZnONP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hong Pan
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan, Taiwan ; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Huang Lai
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tim P Jones
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Kelly A BéruBé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Gui-Bing Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China ; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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