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Magalhães DM, Mampay M, Sebastião AM, Sheridan GK, Valente CA. Age-related impact of social isolation in mice: Young vs middle-aged. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105678. [PMID: 38266657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Social isolation is a chronic mild stressor and a significant risk factor for mental health disorders. Herein we explored the impact of social isolation on depression- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as spatial memory impairments, in middle-aged male mice compared to post-weaning mice. We aimed to quantify and correlate social isolation-induced behaviour discrepancies with changes in hippocampal glial cell reactivity and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Post-weaning and middle-aged C57BL7/J6 male mice were socially isolated for a 3-week period and behavioural tests were performed on the last five days of isolation. We found that 3 weeks of social isolation led to depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test, anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test, and spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze paradigm in middle-aged male mice. These behavioural alterations were not observed in male mice after post-weaning social isolation, indicating resilience to isolation-mediated stress. Increased Iba-1 expression and NLRP3 priming were both observed in the hippocampus of socially isolated middle-aged mice, suggesting a role for microglia and NLRP3 pathway in the detrimental effects of social isolation on cognition and behaviour. Young socially isolated mice also demonstrated elevated NLRP3 priming compared to controls, but no differences in Iba-1 levels and no significant changes in behaviour. Ageing-induced microglia activation and enhancement of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines, known signs of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, were also detected. Altogether, data suggest that social isolation, in addition to inflammaging, contributes to stress-related cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Magalhães
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Myrthe Mampay
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Bridgeland-Stephens L, Thorpe SKS, Chappell J. Potential resilience treatments for orangutans ( Pongo spp.): Lessons from a scoping review of interventions in humans and other animals. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e77. [PMID: 38487448 PMCID: PMC10937215 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Wild orangutans (Pongo spp.) rescued from human-wildlife conflict must be adequately rehabilitated before being returned to the wild. It is essential that released orangutans are able to cope with stressful challenges such as food scarcity, navigating unfamiliar environments, and regaining independence from human support. Although practical skills are taught to orangutans in rehabilitation centres, post-release survival rates are low. Psychological resilience, or the ability to 'bounce back' from stress, may be a key missing piece of the puzzle. However, there is very little knowledge about species-appropriate interventions which could help captive orangutans increase resilience to stress. This scoping review summarises and critically analyses existing human and non-human animal resilience literature and provides suggestions for the development of interventions for orangutans in rehabilitation. Three scientific databases were searched in 2021 and 2023, resulting in 63 human studies and 266 non-human animal studies. The first section brings together human resilience interventions, identifying common themes and assessing the applicability of human interventions to orangutans in rehabilitation. The second section groups animal interventions into categories of direct stress, separation stress, environmental conditions, social stress, and exercise. In each category, interventions are critically analysed to evaluate their potential for orangutans in rehabilitation. The results show that mild and manageable forms of intervention have the greatest potential benefit with the least amount of risk. The study concludes by emphasising the need for further investigation and experimentation, to develop appropriate interventions and measure their effect on the post-release survival rate of orangutans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jackie Chappell
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Sanchís-Ollé M, Belda X, Gagliano H, Visa J, Nadal R, Armario A. Animal models of PTSD: Comparison of the neuroendocrine and behavioral sequelae of immobilization and a modified single prolonged stress procedure that includes immobilization. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:195-203. [PMID: 36842332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A single exposure to some stressors results in long-lasting consequences reminiscent of those found in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but results are very often controversial. Although there is no consensus regarding the best animal models of PTSD, the single prolonged stress (SPS) model, consisting of sequential exposure within the same day to various stressors (typically restraint, forced swim, and ether), has gained acceptance. However, results, particularly those related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are inconsistent and there is no evidence that SPS is clearly distinct from models using a single severe stressor. In the present study, we compared in male rats the behavioral and neuroendocrine (HPA) consequences of exposure to immobilization on boards (IMO) with a SPS-like model (SPSi) in which IMO and isoflurane were substituted for restraint and ether, respectively. Both procedures caused a similar impact on food intake and body weight as well as on sensitization of the HPA response to a novel environment (hole-board) on the following day. Reduction of activity/exploration in the hole-board was also similar with both stressors, although the impact of sudden noise was higher in SPSi than IMO. Neither IMO nor SPSi significantly affected contextual fear conditioning acquisition, although a similar trend for impaired fear extinction was observed compared to controls. Exposure to additional stressors in the SPSi did not interfere with homotypic adaptation of the HPA axis to IMO. Thus, only modest neuroendocrine and behavioral differences were observed between IMO and SPSi and more studies comparing putative PTSD models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sanchís-Ollé
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Belda
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Visa
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Unitat Mixta Translacional, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Psychobiology Unit, School of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Unitat Mixta Translacional, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Mancini GF, Meijer OC, Campolongo P. Stress in adolescence as a first hit in stress-related disease development: Timing and context are crucial. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101065. [PMID: 37001566 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The two-hit stress model predicts that exposure to stress at two different time-points in life may increase or decrease the risk of developing stress-related disorders later in life. Most studies based on the two-hit stress model have investigated early postnatal stress as the first hit with adult stress as the second hit. Adolescence, however, represents another highly sensitive developmental window during which exposure to stressful events may affect programming outcomes following exposure to stress in adulthood. Here, we discuss the programming effects of different types of stressors (social and nonsocial) occurring during adolescence (first hit) and how such stressors affect the responsiveness toward an additional stressor occurring during adulthood (second hit) in rodents. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms underlying interindividual and sex differences in the resilience/susceptibility to developing stress-related disorders later in life when stress is experienced in two different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia F Mancini
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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Repeated Restraint Stress and Binge Alcohol during Adolescence Induce Long-Term Effects on Anxiety-like Behavior and the Expression of the Endocannabinoid System in Male Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030593. [PMID: 35327395 PMCID: PMC8945821 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Negative experiences during adolescence increase the vulnerability to develop mental disorders later in life. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these long-term alterations could help to identify better therapeutic interventions. (2) Methods: Adolescent male Wistar rats were used to explore the effects of repeated stress and alcohol exposure on anxiety-like behaviors, plasma corticosterone levels and the gene expression of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and other relevant signaling systems (glutamatergic, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)) in the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). (3) Results: Overall, both stress and alcohol induced anxiety-like behaviors, but only the alcohol-exposed rats displayed increased plasma levels of corticosterone. In the amygdala, there was a general deficit in the gene expression of the ECS and increases in the mRNA levels of certain subunits of glutamate receptors. Interestingly, there were significant interaction effects between stress and alcohol on the expression of the NMDA receptor subunits. In addition, increased mRNA levels of the CRH receptor were observed in alcohol-exposed rats. In the mPFC, alcohol exposure was associated with an increase in the gene expression of the ECS. By contrast, the combination of stress and alcohol produced opposite effects. (4) Conclusions: In summary, early stress and alcohol exposure induced long-term anxiety-like behavior in male rats but different mechanisms are involved in these maladaptive changes in the brain.
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Kim S, Gacek SA, Mocchi MM, Redei EE. Sex-Specific Behavioral Response to Early Adolescent Stress in the Genetically More Stress-Reactive Wistar Kyoto More Immobile, and Its Nearly Isogenic Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile Control Strain. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:779036. [PMID: 34970127 PMCID: PMC8713037 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition and environmental stress are known etiologies of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Environmental stress during adolescence is assumed to be particularly detrimental for adult affective behaviors. To investigate how genetic stress-reactivity differences modify the effects of stress during adolescence on adult affective behaviors we employed two inbred strains with differing stress reactivity. The Wistar Kyoto More Immobile (WMI) rat strain show increased stress-reactivity and despair-like behaviors as well as passive coping compared to the nearly isogenic control strain, the Wistar Kyoto Less Immobile (WLI). Males and females of these strains were exposed to contextual fear conditioning (CFC) during early adolescence (EA), between 32 and 34 postnatal days (PND), and were tested for the consequences of this mild EA stress in adulthood. Early adolescent stress significantly decreased anxiety-like behavior, measured in the open field test (OFT) and increased social interaction and recognition in adult males of both strains compared to controls. In contrast, no significant effects of EA stress were observed in adult females in these behaviors. Both males and females of the genetically less stress-reactive WLI strain showed significantly increased immobility in the forced swim test (FST) after EA stress compared to controls. In contrast, immobility was significantly attenuated by EA stress in adult WMI females compared to controls. Transcriptomic changes of the glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1, GR) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) illuminate primarily strain and stress-dependent changes, respectively, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of adults. These results suggest that contrary to expectations, limited adolescent stress is beneficial to males thru decreasing anxiety and enhancing social behaviors, and to the stress more-reactive WMI females by way of decreasing passive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie A Gacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madaline M Mocchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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OUP accepted manuscript. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4619-4639. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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de Melo SR, Gremaschi LB, Blanco LFMSB, Orathes BM, Tarosso IVA, Bernardi TC. Short Juvenile Stress Has No Long-Lasting Effects on Anxiety-Like Behavior, Object Recognition Memory, or Gross Brain Morphology but Affects Dendritic Spines in the Hippocampus in Male Rats. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:466-477. [PMID: 35287128 DOI: 10.1159/000523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During the juvenile stage, such areas as the hippocampus and corpus callosum (CC) are still immature and sensitive to stress exposure. The present study investigated whether two different types of stressors in the juvenile stage of life have a long-lasting impact on behavior and biological outcomes in adult rats. METHODS Male juvenile rats were exposed to restraint or predator stress on postnatal day 25 (P25) for 3 days. Thirty-two days later (P60-74), behavioral and biological analyses were conducted. The behavioral analysis included measures of anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory. The biological analysis investigated gross cerebral morphology, based on volume analysis of the CC and hippocampus, perirhinal cortex thickness, and dendritic spine density. RESULTS Neither restraint stress nor predator stress affected anxiety-like behavior or object recognition memory in adulthood. Body weight and adrenal gland weight were unaffected by both types of stress. Overall, volumetric measures of the CC and hippocampus were not significant, with no changes in perirhinal cortex thickness. Spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex also was unaffected, but a decrease in dendritic spine density was found in the hippocampus in response to restraint stress and an increase to predator stress. CONCLUSION Short-term and daily restraint and predator stress during the juvenile stage had no long-lasting effects on anxiety-like behavior, object memory, volume of the CC or hippocampus, or perirhinal cortex thickness, but a decrease in dendritic spine density was found in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that different types of stressors have different impacts on microstructures in the brain without affecting behavior or the gross morphology of stress-sensitive brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Regina de Melo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Gremaschi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe M S B Blanco
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Orathes
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela V A Tarosso
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tuany C Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Harris EP, McGovern AJ, Melo TG, Barron A, Nola YM, O'Leary OF. Juvenile Stress Exerts Sex-independent Effects on Anxiety, Antidepressant-like Behaviours and Dopaminergic Innervation of the Prelimbic Cortex in Adulthood and Does Not Alter Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Behav Brain Res 2021; 421:113725. [PMID: 34929235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress, particularly during childhood, is a major risk factor for the development of depression. Depression is twice as prevalent in women compared to men, which suggests that that biological sex also contributes to depression susceptibility. However, the neurobiology underpinning sex differences in the long-term consequences of childhood stress remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether stress applied during the prepubertal juvenile period (postnatal day 27-29) in rats induces sex-specific changes in anxiety-like behaviour, anhedonia, and antidepressant-like behaviour in adulthood in males and females. The impact of juvenile stress on two systems in the brain associated with these behaviours and that develop during the juvenile period, the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system and hippocampal neurogenesis, were also investigated. Juvenile stress altered escape-oriented behaviours in the forced swim test in both sexes, decreased latency to drink a palatable substance in a novel environment in the novelty-induced hypophagia test in both sexes, and decreased open field supported rearing behavior in females. These behavioural changes were accompanied by stress-induced increases in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of both sexes, but not other regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system. Juvenile stress did not impact anhedonia in adulthood as measured by the saccharin preference test and had no effect hippocampal neurogenesis across the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. These results suggest that juvenile stress has long-lasting impacts on antidepressant-like and reward-seeking behaviour in adulthood and these changes may be due to alterations to catecholaminergic innervation of the medial prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Harris
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew J McGovern
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Thieza G Melo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Aaron Barron
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nola
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Woo KS, Ji Y, Lee HJ, Choi TY. The Association of Anxiety Severity With Health Risk Behaviors in a Large Representative Sample of Korean Adolescents. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2021; 32:144-153. [PMID: 34671187 PMCID: PMC8499041 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders in adolescents and seem to occur the earliest among all forms of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of anxiety severity with health risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents. Methods Data from the 2020 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey were analyzed. A total of 54948 adolescents responded to the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) for the assessment of their anxiety severity as well as to the mental health and health risk behavior survey. Logistic regression analysis, t tests, and variance analysis of a complex sample general linear model were used to examine the association of anxiety severity with health behaviors and mental health. Results After statistical adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, the subjects in the severe anxiety group were significantly more likely to be current smokers (odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72-2.50), current drinkers (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.67-2.19), experience habitual substance use (OR: 10.89, 95% CI: 8.22-14.42), have sexual intercourse (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.76-2.51), and have unprotected intercourse (OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.67-2.92) than those in the normal group. Anxiety severity negatively correlated with sleep satisfaction and happiness, but positively correlated with stress perception, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Conclusion Adolescent anxiety is associated with health risk behaviors and poor mental health. Thus, early screening and intervention for anxiety in adolescents could contribute to the management and coping of youth health risk behaviors in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Young Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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11
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Qi T, Hu T, Ge QQ, Zhou XN, Li JM, Jiang CL, Wang W. COVID-19 pandemic related long-term chronic stress on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the general population. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:380. [PMID: 34320924 PMCID: PMC8316891 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 1 year, causing far-reaching and unprecedented changes in almost all aspects of society. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety, and explore the factors associated with it. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to assess mental health problems from February 2 to February 9, 2021 by using patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). The insomnia severity index (ISI), demographic data and COVID-19 related variables were measured by a self-designed questionnaire. The factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified by Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In the study that 1171 participants enrolled, the overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among general people was 22.6 and 21.4% respectively in the present study. Living alone was a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms, while regular exercises was a potential protective factor. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia symptoms and the negative feelings about pandemic. CONCLUSION COVID-19 pandemic- related chronic stress has brought about profound impacts on long-term mental health in the general population. The level of insomnia and a negative attitude towards the pandemic are significantly correlated with unfavorable mental health. However, we failed to found a significant association of age and gender with the mental health symptoms, although they were recognized as well-established risk factors during the outbreak by some other studies. This discrepancy may be because the acute and chronic effects of the pandemic are influenced by different factors, which reminds that more attention should be paid to the intrinsic psychological factors and physical reactions towards COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qi
- The Battalion 3 of Cadet Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qi Ge
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhou
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Mei Li
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China.
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Richter-Levin G, Sandi C. Title: "Labels Matter: Is it stress or is it Trauma?". Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34247187 PMCID: PMC8272714 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuroscience, the term 'Stress' has a negative connotation because of its potential to trigger or exacerbate psychopathologies. Yet in the face of exposure to stress, the more common reaction to stress is resilience, indicating that resilience is the rule and stress-related pathology the exception. This is critical because neural mechanisms associated with stress-related psychopathology are expected to differ significantly from those associated with resilience.Research labels and terminology affect research directions, conclusions drawn from the results, and the way we think about a topic, while choice of labels is often influenced by biases and hidden assumptions. It is therefore important to adopt a terminology that differentiates between stress conditions, leading to different outcomes.Here, we propose to conceptually associate the term 'stress'/'stressful experience' with 'stress resilience', while restricting the use of the term 'trauma' only in reference to exposures that lead to pathology. We acknowledge that there are as yet no ideal ways for addressing the murkiness of the border between stressful and traumatic experiences. Yet ignoring these differences hampers our ability to elucidate the mechanisms of trauma-related pathologies on the one hand, and of stress resilience on the other. Accordingly, we discuss how to translate such conceptual terminology into research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Breton JM, Barraza M, Hu KY, Frias SJ, Long KL, Kaufer D. Juvenile exposure to acute traumatic stress leads to long-lasting alterations in grey matter myelination in adult female but not male rats. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100319. [PMID: 33937444 PMCID: PMC8079662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress early in life can have a major impact on brain development, and there is increasing evidence that childhood stress confers vulnerability for later developing psychiatric disorders. In particular, during peri-adolescence, brain regions crucial for emotional regulation, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala (AMY) and hippocampus (HPC), are still developing and are highly sensitive to stress. Changes in myelin levels have been implicated in mental illnesses and stress effects on myelin and oligodendrocytes (OLs) are beginning to be explored as a novel and underappreciated mechanism underlying psychopathologies. Yet there is little research on the effects of acute stress on myelin during peri-adolescence, and even less work exploring sex-differences. Here, we used a rodent model to test the hypothesis that exposure to acute traumatic stress as a juvenile would induce changes in OLs and myelin content across limbic brain regions. Male and female juvenile rats underwent 3 h of restraint stress with exposure to a predator odor on postnatal day (p) 28. Acute stress induced a physiological response, increasing corticosterone release and reducing weight gain in stress-exposed animals. Brain sections containing the PFC, AMY and HPC were taken either in adolescence (p40), or in adulthood (p95) and stained for markers of OLs and myelin. We found that acute stress induced sex-specific changes in grey matter (GM) myelination and OLs in both the short- and long-term. Exposure to a single stressor as a juvenile increased GM myelin content in the AMY and HPC in p40 males, compared to the respective control group. At p40, corticosterone release during stress exposure was also positively correlated with GM myelin content in the AMY of male rats. Single exposure to juvenile stress also led to long-term effects exclusively in female rats. Compared to controls, stress-exposed females showed reduced GM myelin content in all three brain regions. Acute stress exposure decreased PFC and HPC OL density in p40 females, perhaps contributing towards this observed long-term decrease in myelin content. Overall, our findings suggest that the juvenile brain is vulnerable to exposure to a brief severe stressor. Exposure to a single short traumatic event during peri-adolescence produces long-lasting changes in GM myelin content in the adult brain of female, but not male, rats. These findings highlight myelin plasticity as a potential contributor to sex-specific sensitivity to perturbation during a critical window of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M. Breton
- University of California, Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - Matthew Barraza
- University of California, Berkeley, Molecular and Cellular Biology, United States
| | - Kelsey Y. Hu
- University of California, Berkeley, Molecular and Cellular Biology, United States
| | - Samantha Joy Frias
- University of California, Berkeley, Molecular and Cellular Biology, United States
| | - Kimberly L.P. Long
- University of California, Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- University of California, Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, United States
- University of California, Berkeley, Integrative Biology, United States
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G1M1, Canada
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14
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Bartsch JC, von Cramon M, Gruber D, Heinemann U, Behr J. Stress-Induced Enhanced Long-Term Potentiation and Reduced Threshold for N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor- and β-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in Rodent Ventral Subiculum. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:658465. [PMID: 33967694 PMCID: PMC8100191 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.658465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a biologically relevant signal and can modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The subiculum is the major output station of the hippocampus and serves as a critical hub in the stress response network. However, stress-associated synaptic plasticity in the ventral subiculum has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, we investigated the impact of a single exposure to an inherently stressful two-way active avoidance conditioning on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1-subiculum synapses in ventral hippocampal slices from young adult rats 1 day after stressor exposure. We found that acute stress enhanced LTP and lowered the induction threshold for a late-onset LTP at excitatory CA1 to subicular burst-spiking neuron synapses. This late-onset LTP was dependent on the activation of β-adrenergic and glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and independent of D1/D5 dopamine receptor activation. Thereby, we present a cellular mechanism that might contribute to behavioral stress adaptation after acute stressor exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Bartsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique von Cramon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - David Gruber
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Meyer HC, Gerhard DM, Amelio PA, Lee FS. Pre-adolescent stress disrupts adult, but not adolescent, safety learning. Behav Brain Res 2021; 400:113005. [PMID: 33171149 PMCID: PMC8283802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent across the lifespan, although diagnoses peak early in adolescence. As a method for inhibiting fear, safety signals have the potential to augment conventional treatments for anxiety. However, the ability to acquire and use safety signals during adolescence remains unclear. Moreover, the impact of stress on safety learning has received surprisingly little attention given that stress is a major factor preceding anxiety onset. In this study, mice were trained in a discriminative conditioning protocol to facilitate safety learning and were tested for fear inhibition using a conditioned safety signal. Next, independent groups of mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) conditions between postnatal day 22 and 28, followed by tests for anxiety-like phenotypes or fear inhibition using a safety signal, performed either 24 h or five weeks following CUS. Pre-adolescent CUS reduced weight in adolescence and this effect endured into adulthood. CUS also increased specific anxiety-like behaviors in adolescence that were unique from the increase in anxiety observed in adulthood. Despite increased anxiety-like behaviors, adolescents were able to learn about and effectively use safety signals to inhibit fear. In contrast, adults that experienced CUS showed a subtle increase in anxiety but had impaired safety signal learning and usage. Together, these findings indicate that pre-adolescent stress has immediate and enduring effects on anxiety-like behaviors but impairs the capacity for conditioned inhibition only following incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi C Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Danielle M Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Paia A Amelio
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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16
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Mancini GF, Marchetta E, Pignani I, Trezza V, Campolongo P. Social Defeat Stress During Early Adolescence Confers Resilience Against a Single Episode of Prolonged Stress in Adult Rats. Cells 2021; 10:360. [PMID: 33572375 PMCID: PMC7916240 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life adverse experiences (first hit) lead to coping strategies that may confer resilience or vulnerability to later experienced stressful events (second hit) and the subsequent development of stress-related psychopathologies. Here, we investigated whether exposure to two stressors at different stages in life has long-term effects on emotional and cognitive capabilities, and whether the interaction between the two stressors influences stress resilience. Male rats were subjected to social defeat stress (SDS, first hit) in adolescence and to a single episode of prolonged stress (SPS, second hit) in adulthood. Behavioral outcomes, hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and plasma corticosterone levels were tested in adulthood. Rats exposed to both stressors exhibited resilience against the development of stress-induced alterations in emotional behaviors and spatial memory, but vulnerability to cued fear memory dysfunction. Rats subjected to both stressors demonstrated resilience against the SDS-induced alterations in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and plasma corticosterone levels. SPS alone altered locomotion and spatial memory retention; these effects were absent in SDS-exposed rats later exposed to SPS. Our findings reveal that exposure to social stress during early adolescence influences the ability to cope with a second challenge experienced later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Federica Mancini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.); (E.M.); (I.P.)
- Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchetta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.); (E.M.); (I.P.)
- Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Pignani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.); (E.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.F.M.); (E.M.); (I.P.)
- Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy
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17
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Smith KE, Pollak SD. Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:34. [PMID: 33327939 PMCID: PMC7745388 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity, childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse effects on development. However, while early life stress has been linked to negative effects on a number of neural systems, the specific mechanisms through which early life stress influences development and individual differences in children's outcomes are still not well understood. MAIN TEXT The current paper reviews the existing literature on the neurobiological effects of early life stress and their ties to children's psychological and behavioral development. CONCLUSIONS Early life stress has persistent and pervasive effects on prefrontal-hypothalamic-amygdala and dopaminergic circuits that are at least partially mediated by alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. However, to date, this research has primarily utilized methods of assessment that focus solely on children's event exposures. Incorporating assessment of factors that influence children's interpretation of stressors, along with stressful events, has the potential to provide further insight into the mechanisms contributing to individual differences in neurodevelopmental effects of early life stress. This can aid in further elucidating specific mechanisms through which these neurobiological changes influence development and contribute to risk for psychopathology and health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Smith
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 S Highland Blvd, Rm 399, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Seth D Pollak
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 S Highland Blvd, Rm 399, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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18
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Smith KE, Pollak SD. Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:67-93. [PMID: 32668190 PMCID: PMC7809338 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620920725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children’s nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing effective interventions. However, advances in our understanding of these processes have been constrained by conceptualizations that rely on categories of adversity that are overlapping, have vague boundaries, and lack consistent biological evidence. Here, we discuss central problems in understanding the link between early-life adversity and children’s brain development. We conclude by suggesting alternative formulations that hold promise for advancing knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms through which adversity affects human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Smith
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Seth D Pollak
- Department of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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19
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Haaker J, Maren S, Andreatta M, Merz CJ, Richter J, Richter SH, Meir Drexler S, Lange MD, Jüngling K, Nees F, Seidenbecher T, Fullana MA, Wotjak CT, Lonsdorf TB. Making translation work: Harmonizing cross-species methodology in the behavioural neuroscience of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:329-345. [PMID: 31521698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Translational neuroscience bridges insights from specific mechanisms in rodents to complex functions in humans and is key to advance our general understanding of central nervous function. A prime example of translational research is the study of cross-species mechanisms that underlie responding to learned threats, by employing Pavlovian fear conditioning protocols in rodents and humans. Hitherto, evidence for (and critique of) these cross-species comparisons in fear conditioning research was based on theoretical viewpoints. Here, we provide a perspective to substantiate these theoretical concepts with empirical considerations of cross-species methodology. This meta-research perspective is expected to foster cross-species comparability and reproducibility to ultimately facilitate successful transfer of results from basic science into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haaker
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stephen Maren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Marta Andreatta
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian J Merz
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Germany
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology/Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Shira Meir Drexler
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Germany
| | - Maren D Lange
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Miquel A Fullana
- Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Neuronal Plasticity Research Group, Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Tina B Lonsdorf
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Rincel M, Aubert P, Chevalier J, Grohard PA, Basso L, Monchaux de Oliveira C, Helbling JC, Lévy É, Chevalier G, Leboyer M, Eberl G, Layé S, Capuron L, Vergnolle N, Neunlist M, Boudin H, Lepage P, Darnaudéry M. Multi-hit early life adversity affects gut microbiota, brain and behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:179-192. [PMID: 30872090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adverse events in utero and during childhood differentially increases the vulnerability to psychiatric diseases in men and women. Gut microbiota is highly sensitive to the early environment and has been recently hypothesized to affect brain development. However, the impact of early-life adversity on gut microbiota, notably with regards to sex differences, remains to be explored. We examined the effects of multifactorial early-life adversity on behavior and microbiota composition in C3H/HeN mice of both sexes exposed to a combination of maternal immune activation (lipopolysaccharide injection on embryonic day 17, 120 µg/kg, i.p.), maternal separation (3hr per day from postnatal day (PND)2 to PND14) and maternal unpredictable chronic mild stress. At adulthood, offspring exposed to multi-hit early adversity showed sex-specific behavioral phenotypes with males exhibiting deficits in social behavior and females showing increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze and increased compulsive behavior in the marble burying test. Early adversity also differentially regulated gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) according to sex. Interestingly, several genes such as Arc, Btg2, Fosb, Egr4 or Klf2 were oppositely regulated by early adversity in males versus females. Finally, 16S-based microbiota profiling revealed sex-dependent gut dysbiosis. In males, abundance of taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae families or other unclassified Firmicutes, but also Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella genera was regulated by early adversity. In females, the effects of early adversity were limited and mainly restricted to Lactobacillus and Mucispirillum genera. Our work reveals marked sex differences in a multifactorial model of early-life adversity, both on emotional behaviors and gut microbiota, suggesting that sex should systematically be considered in preclinical studies both in neurogastroenterology and psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rincel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Chevalier
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Grohard
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM UMR1220, INRA UMR1416, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Monchaux de Oliveira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Christophe Helbling
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Élodie Lévy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris-est-Créteil, Laboratoire Psychiatrie translationnelle, INSERM U955, Hôpital Chenevier-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Unité Microenvironnement et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM UMR1220, INRA UMR1416, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Boudin
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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21
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Hyperlocomotion and anxiety- like behavior induced by binge ethanol exposure in rat neonates. Possible ameliorative effects of Omega 3. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112022. [PMID: 31181220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy may cause neurocognitive and behavioral disorders that can persist until adulthood. Epidemiological data has revealed an alarming increase in the frequency of alcohol intake in pregnant women. Nutritional variables may also have an impact on the behavioral alterations occasioned by alcohol during development. Moreover, omega-3, a polyunsaturated fatty acid necessary for normal brain development, is deficient in ethanol-treated animals. Although studies have shown that omega-3 supplementation after prenatal ethanol (EtOH) treatment improves some disorders, there are no reports about acute treatment with omega-3 in binge alcohol neurotoxic models during postnatal development. The goal of this study was to determine whether an administration of omega-3, after an acute ethanol dose in neonates, would be able to attenuate alcohol effects in offspring. Male/ female rats were administered ethanol (2.5 g/kg s.c. at 0 and 2 h) or saline on postnatal day (PND) 7, with a single dose of omega-3 (720 mg/kg) 15 min after the last alcohol injection. It was have found that EtOH-treated animals showed hyperlocomotion on PND 14 (pre-juvenile), and anxiety-like behavior was observed at all the three ages studied. Administration of omega-3 after EtOH treatment reduced hyperlocomotion and the anxiety-like behaviors on PND 14, but did not diminish the anxiety on either PND 20 or 30 (juvenile). In conclusion, acute ethanol exposure produced neurobehavioral alterations that persisted in the offspring, with omega-3 able to ameliorate these effects on PND 14. These data are relevant considering that omega-3 administration may have therapeutic effects through mitigating some of ethanol´s damaging consequences.
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22
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Wang DM, Zhang JJ, Huang YB, Zhao YZ, Sui N. Peripubertal stress of male, but not female rats increases morphine-induced conditioned place preference and locomotion in adulthood. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:920-929. [PMID: 30860298 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies demonstrate that peripubertal social stress markedly increases the risk for subsequent substance use in adulthood. However, whether non-social stress has a similar long-term impact is not clear, and whether male and female animals show different sensitivity to peripubertal non-social stress has not been examined. In the present study, we addressed these issues by introducing two non-social stressors (elevated platform and predator odor 2,5-Dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline) to male and female Wistar rats during adolescence (postnatal days 28-30, 34, 36, 40, and 42), then tested reward-related behaviors during adulthood, including morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP, 1 mg/kg morphine or 5 mg/kg morphine) and hyperlocomotor activity (5 mg/kg morphine). We found that adult male rats, but not females who were exposed to peripubertal non-social stressors showed enhanced morphine-induced CPP. Moreover, morphine-induced increase in locomotor activity was also significantly increased in adult male rats, but not in females. These results indicate that peripubertal exposure to repeated non-social stress may enhance sensitivity to the rewarding effects of opioids in adulthood in a sex-dependent manner, with males being even more sensitive than females in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin-Zhu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Nan Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity and Crocin Against Adolescent Stress Induced Anxiety or Depressive-Like Symptoms and Dendritic Morphology Remodeling in Prefrontal Cortex in Adult Male Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:917-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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24
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Wu YP, Gao HY, Ouyang SH, Kurihara H, He RR, Li YF. Predator stress-induced depression is associated with inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult male mice. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:298-305. [PMID: 30531013 PMCID: PMC6301170 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has been suggested to disturb the 5-hydroxytryptamine system and decrease neurogenesis, which contribute to the development of depression. Few studies have investigated the effect of predator stress, a type of psychological stress, on depression and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice; we therefore investigated this in the present study. A total of 35 adult male Kunming mice were allocated to a cat stress group, cat odor stress group, cat stress + fluoxetine group, cat odor stress + fluoxetine group, or a control group (no stress/treatment). After 12 days of cat stress or cat odor stress, behavioral correlates of depression were measured using the open field test, elevated plus maze test, and dark-avoidance test. The concentrations of hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Neurogenesis was also analyzed using a bromodeoxyuridine and doublecortin double-immunostaining method. Cat stress and cat odor stress induced depression-like behaviors; this effect was stronger in the cat stress model. Furthermore, compared with the control group, cat stress mice exhibited lower 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations, higher 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, and significantly fewer bromodeoxyuridine+/doublecortin+-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus, which was indicative of less neurogenesis. The changes observed in the cat stress group were not seen in the cat stress + fluoxetine group, which suggests that the effects of predator stress on depression and neurogenesis were reversed by fluoxetine. Taken together, our results indicate that depression-like behaviors induced by predator stress are associated with the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Ying Gao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ouyang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Richter-Levin G, Stork O, Schmidt MV. Animal models of PTSD: a challenge to be met. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1135-1156. [PMID: 30816289 PMCID: PMC6756084 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen increased interest in psychopathologies related to trauma exposure. Specifically, there has been a growing awareness to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in part due to terrorism, climate change-associated natural disasters, the global refugee crisis, and increased violence in overpopulated urban areas. However, notwithstanding the increased awareness to the disorder, the increasing number of patients, and the devastating impact on the lives of patients and their families, the efficacy of available treatments remains limited and highly unsatisfactory. A major scientific effort is therefore devoted to unravel the neural mechanisms underlying PTSD with the aim of paving the way to developing novel or improved treatment approaches and drugs to treat PTSD. One of the major scientific tools used to gain insight into understanding physiological and neuronal mechanisms underlying diseases and for treatment development is the use of animal models of human diseases. While much progress has been made using these models in understanding mechanisms of conditioned fear and fear memory, the gained knowledge has not yet led to better treatment options for PTSD patients. This poor translational outcome has already led some scientists and pharmaceutical companies, who do not in general hold opinions against animal models, to propose that those models should be abandoned. Here, we critically examine aspects of animal models of PTSD that may have contributed to the relative lack of translatability, including the focus on the exposure to trauma, overlooking individual and sex differences, and the contribution of risk factors. Based on findings from recent years, we propose research-based modifications that we believe are required in order to overcome some of the shortcomings of previous practice. These modifications include the usage of animal models of PTSD which incorporate risk factors and of the behavioral profiling analysis of individuals in a sample. These modifications are aimed to address factors such as individual predisposition and resilience, thus taking into consideration the fact that only a fraction of individuals exposed to trauma develop PTSD. We suggest that with an appropriate shift of practice, animal models are not only a valuable tool to enhance our understanding of fear and memory processes, but could serve as effective platforms for understanding PTSD, for PTSD drug development and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. .,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. .,Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Oliver Stork
- 0000 0001 1018 4307grid.5807.aDepartment of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany ,grid.452320.2Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mathias V. Schmidt
- 0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Ali EF, MacKay JC, Graitson S, James JS, Cayer C, Audet MC, Kent P, Abizaid A, Merali Z. Palatable Food Dampens the Long-Term Behavioral and Endocrine Effects of Juvenile Stressor Exposure but May Also Provoke Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:216. [PMID: 30283308 PMCID: PMC6156124 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The juvenile period is marked by a reorganization and growth of important brain regions including structures associating with reward seeking behaviors such as the nucleus accumbens (NA) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These changes are impacted by stressors during the juvenile period and may lead to a predisposition to stress induced psychopathology and abnormal development of brain reward systems. Like in humans, adult rodents engage certain coping mechanisms such as increases in the consumption of calorie-rich palatable foods to reduce stress, but this behavior can lead to obesity and metabolic disorders. In this study, we examined whether stressors during the juvenile period led to increased caloric intake when a palatable diet was accessible, and whether this diet attenuated adult stress responses. In addition, we examined if the stress buffering effects produced by the palatable diet were also accompanied by an offset propensity towards obesity, and by alterations in mRNA expression of dopamine (DA) receptors in the NA and PFC in adulthood. To this end, juvenile male Wistar rats underwent episodic stressor exposure (forced swim, elevated platform stress and restraint) on postnatal days (PD) 27-29 and received access to regular chow or daily limited access to a palatable diet until adulthood. At the age of 2 months, rats were tested on a social interaction test that screens for anxiety-like behaviors and their endocrine responses to an acute stressor. Animals were sacrificed, and their brains processed to detect differences in DA receptor subtype expression in the PFC and NA using qPCR. Results showed that rats that were stressed during the juvenile period displayed higher social anxiety and a sensitized corticosterone response as adults and these effects were attenuated by access to the palatable diet. Nevertheless, rats that experienced juvenile stress and consumed a palatable diet showed greater adiposity in adulthood. Interestingly, the same group displayed greater mRNA expression of DA receptors at the NA. This suggests that access to a palatable diet mitigates the behavioral and endocrine effects of juvenile stressor exposure in adulthood, but at the cost of metabolic imbalances and a sensitized dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Fatima Ali
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Samantha Graitson
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Stewart James
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Cayer
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Audet
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Kent
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zul Merali
- The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Varlinskaya EI, Spear LP, Diaz MR. Stress alters social behavior and sensitivity to pharmacological activation of kappa opioid receptors in an age-specific manner in Sprague Dawley rats. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:124-132. [PMID: 30450378 PMCID: PMC6234253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor (DYN/KOR) system has been identified as a primary target of stress due to behavioral effects, such as dysphoria, aversion, and anxiety-like alterations that result from activation of this system. Numerous adaptations in the DYN/KOR system have also been identified in response to stress. However, whereas most studies examining the function of the DYN/KOR system have been conducted in adult rodents, there is growing evidence suggesting that this system is ontogenetically regulated. Likewise, the outcome of exposure to stress also differs across ontogeny. Based on these developmental similarities, the objective of this study was to systematically test effects of a selective KOR agonist, U-62066, on various aspects of social behavior across ontogeny in non-stressed male and female rats as well as in males and females with a prior history of repeated exposure to restraint (90 min/day, 5 exposures). We found that the social consequences of repeated restraint differed as a function of age: juvenile stress produced substantial increases in play fighting, whereas adolescent and adult stress resulted in decreases in social investigation and social preference. The KOR agonist U-62066 dose-dependently reduced social behaviors in non-stressed adults, producing social avoidance at the highest dose tested, while younger animals displayed reduced sensitivity to this socially suppressing effect of U-62066. Interestingly, in stressed animals, the socially suppressing effects of the KOR agonist were blunted at all ages, with juveniles and adolescents exhibiting increased social preference in response to certain doses of U-62066. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that the DYN/KOR system changes with age and differentially responds and adapts to stress across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Varlinskaya
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY13902, United States
| | - Linda Patia Spear
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY13902, United States
| | - Marvin R Diaz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY13902, United States
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Jie F, Yin G, Yang W, Yang M, Gao S, Lv J, Li B. Stress in Regulation of GABA Amygdala System and Relevance to Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:562. [PMID: 30154693 PMCID: PMC6103381 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is an almond-shaped nucleus located deep and medially within the temporal lobe and is thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of emotional processes. GABAergic neurotransmission inhibits the amygdala and prevents us from generating inappropriate emotional and behavioral responses. Stress may cause the reduction of the GABAergic interneuronal network and the development of neuropsychological diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent evidence investigating the possible mechanisms underlying GABAergic control of the amygdala and its interaction with acute and chronic stress. Taken together, this study may contribute to future progress in finding new approaches to reverse the attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission induced by stress in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghao Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Modi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuohui Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Manners MT, Yohn NL, Lahens NF, Grant GR, Bartolomei MS, Blendy JA. Transgenerational inheritance of chronic adolescent stress: Effects of stress response and the amygdala transcriptome. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12493. [PMID: 29896789 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent stress can impact health and well-being not only during adulthood of the exposed individual but even in future generations. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these long-term effects, we exposed adolescent males to stress and measured anxiety behaviors and gene expression in the amygdala-a critical region in the control of emotional states-in their progeny for two generations, offspring and grandoffspring. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 2 weeks during adolescence and were used to produce two generations of offspring. Male and female offspring and grandoffspring were tested in behavioral assays to measure affective behavior and stress reactivity. Remarkably, transgenerational inheritance of paternal stress exposure produced a protective phenotype in the male, but not the female lineage. RNA-seq analysis of the amygdala from male offspring and grandoffspring identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mice derived from fathers exposed to CUS. The DEGSs clustered into numerous pathways, and the "notch signaling" pathway was the most significantly altered in male grandoffspring. Therefore, we show that paternal stress exposure impacts future generations which manifest in behavioral changes and molecular adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Manners
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - N L Yohn
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - N F Lahens
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - G R Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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30
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Fuentes S, Daviu N, Gagliano H, Belda X, Armario A, Nadal R. Early life stress in rats sex-dependently affects remote endocrine rather than behavioral consequences of adult exposure to contextual fear conditioning. Horm Behav 2018; 103:7-18. [PMID: 29802874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to electric foot-shocks can induce in rodents contextual fear conditioning, generalization of fear to other contexts and sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to further stressors. All these aspects are relevant for the study of post-traumatic stress disorder. In the present work we evaluated in rats the sex differences and the role of early life stress (ELS) in fear memories, generalization and sensitization. During the first postnatal days subjects were exposed to restriction of nesting material along with exposure to a "substitute" mother. In the adulthood they were exposed to (i) a contextual fear conditioning to evaluate long-term memory and extinction and (ii) to a novel environment to study cognitive fear generalization and HPA axis heterotypic sensitization. ELS did not alter acquisition, expression or extinction of context fear conditioned behavior (freezing) in either sex, but reduced activity in novel environments only in males. Fear conditioning associated hypoactivity in novel environments (cognitive generalization) was greater in males than females but was not specifically affected by ELS. Although overall females showed greater basal and stress-induced levels of ACTH and corticosterone, an interaction between ELS, shock exposure and sex was found regarding HPA hormones. In males, ELS did not affect ACTH response in any situation, whereas in females, ELS reduced both shock-induced sensitization of ACTH and its conditioned response to the shock context. Also, shock-induced sensitization of corticosterone was only observed in males and ELS specifically reduced corticosterone response to stressors in males but not females. In conclusion, ELS seems to have only a minor impact on shock-induced behavioral conditioning, while affecting the unconditioned and conditioned responses of HPA hormones in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Fuentes
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Daviu
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Psychobiology Unit, School of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Psychobiology Unit, School of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Belda
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Psychobiology Unit, School of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Psychobiology Unit, School of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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31
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Genovese RF, Dobre S. Mitigation of adverse behavioral impact from predator exposure by the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide antagonist J-113397 in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:521-530. [PMID: 28704271 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor is believed to have an integral modulatory function in the stress response system. We evaluated the highly selective NOP antagonist J-113397 (7.5 and 20.0 mg/kg), using a predator exposure in which rats were exposed to predator cats as a stressor. A single dose of J-113397 or vehicle was administered (intraperitoneally) shortly before exposure to the predators or a sham exposure. Behavioral impact was measured using elevated plus maze (EPM), open field activity (OFA), and an olfactory discrimination (OD). The predator exposure produced a relatively long-lasting deficit (decreased time in open arms, decreased basic activity) on the EPM while having little effect on performance on the OFA or OD. J-113397 mitigated the performance deficits on the EPM in a dose-dependent manner while having little effect on performance on the OFA or OD. The largest dose of J-113397, administered with a sham exposure, was essentially devoid of effects on the EPM, OFA, and OD. These results demonstrate that J-113397 can significantly and selectively mitigate the effects of a stressor typically used in a preclinical model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, these results are consistent with and extend previous results showing that the NOP receptor has an important role in the response to stress and that NOP antagonism may, potentially, have therapeutic benefit in stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Genovese
- Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Tao CS, Dhamija P, Booij L, Menard JL. Adversity in early adolescence promotes an enduring anxious phenotype and increases serotonergic innervation of the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex. Neuroscience 2017; 364:15-27. [PMID: 28893650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stress during early development produces lasting effects on psychopathological outcomes. We analysed the impact of prior intermittent, physical stress (IPS) during early adolescence (PD 22-33) on anxiety-like behaviour of female rats in adulthood. After behavioural testing, we used immunohistochemistry for the 5-HT transporter (SERT) to evaluate 5-HT innervation profiles in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (VH). Administration of IPS (i.e., water immersion, elevated platform, foot shock) in early adolescence increased rats' anxiety-like behaviour in the elevated plus-maze but had no effects in the shock-probe burying test. In the social interaction test, IPS decreased social interaction, and this effect was driven by selective decreases in the frequency of playfighting with no evident changes in contact and investigative behaviours. Selective stress-induced increases in the density of SERT-ir positive fibres were found in the infralimbic (IL) subregion of the mPFC but not in the cingulate or prelimbic (PL) subregions. IPS in early adolescence did not affect 5-HT innervation profiles in any sub-fields of the VH. Our findings confirm and extend on earlier evidence that stress during early adolescence promotes the emergence of an anxious phenotype and provide novel evidence that these effects are associated with increased 5-HT innervation of the IL mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Tao
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Prateek Dhamija
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Janet L Menard
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Yohn NL, Blendy JA. Adolescent Chronic Unpredictable Stress Exposure Is a Sensitive Window for Long-Term Changes in Adult Behavior in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1670-1678. [PMID: 28094283 PMCID: PMC5518894 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time period in development when the brain undergoes substantial remodeling in response to the environment. To determine whether a stressful experience during adolescence affects adult behavior, we exposed adolescent male and female C57BL/6J mice to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) for 12 days starting at postnatal day 28 (PND28). We also exposed adult male and female mice to CUS for 12 days beginning at PND70 to determine whether adolescence is a sensitive time period when stress can have long-lasting effects on behavior. Regardless of when mice were exposed to stress, they were all tested exactly 30 days later in the marble burying task, elevated zero maze, acoustic startle response, and forced swim test. Adolescent stress exposure increased anxiety-like behaviors in adult male and female mice and decreased acoustic startle response in a sex-dependent manner. However, adult stress exposure did not change anxiety or response to an acoustic tone in adult male or female mice as compared with nonstressed animals. Of interest, increased depression-like behavior in the forced swim test was observed in all mice, regardless of when the stress occurred. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CrfR2) in the amygdala of males subjected to CUS during adolescence, but not in males that experienced CUS during adulthood. In contrast, females, regardless of when they were exposed to CUS, were not affected. These data support clinical evidence suggesting that early-life stress may predispose individuals to increased anxiety and depression later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Yohn
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Tel: 215 898 0730, Fax: 215 573 2236, E-mail:
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Rosenhauer AM, McCann KE, Norvelle A, Huhman KL. An acute social defeat stressor in early puberty increases susceptibility to social defeat in adulthood. Horm Behav 2017; 93:31-38. [PMID: 28390864 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Syrian hamsters readily display territorial aggression. If they lose even a single agonistic encounter, however, hamsters show striking reductions in aggressive behavior and increases in submissive behavior, a distinct behavioral change that we have previously termed conditioned defeat. This acute social defeat stressor is primarily psychological and is effective in both males and females. Therefore, we maintain that this procedure presents an ideal model for studying behavioral and physiological responses to social stress. Here, we demonstrate that social avoidance following social defeat is a particularly useful dependent measure because of its sensitivity and stability between sexes and across the estrous cycle. In addition, we demonstrate that peripubertal hamsters exposed to a single, 15min social defeat exhibit significantly more social avoidance 24h later when compared with no-defeat controls. Later, defeated and non-defeated hamsters display similar agonistic behavior in adulthood indicating that the peripubertal defeat does not alter adult territorial aggression. After experiencing an additional social defeat in adulthood, however, the hamsters that experienced the pubertal defeat respond to the adult defeat with increased social avoidance when compared with hamsters that were defeated only in adulthood and with no-defeat controls. These data are the first to show that a single social defeat in puberty increases susceptibility to later social defeat in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Rosenhauer
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Katharine E McCann
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Alisa Norvelle
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Kim L Huhman
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 161 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Le Coz GM, Genty J, Anton F, Hanesch U. Chronic Social Stress Time-Dependently Affects Neuropathic Pain-Related Cold Allodynia and Leads to Altered Expression of Spinal Biochemical Mediators. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:70. [PMID: 28536509 PMCID: PMC5422477 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data have shown that chronic exposure to stress may be accompanied by an enhancement of inflammation-related pain sensitivity. In this context, little is however known on the impact of stress on neuropathic pain. In the present study we addressed this issue by combining the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model with an ongoing social stress (OSS) paradigm. Cold plate and von Frey tests were performed in 48 rats divided into four groups: OSS exposed to OSS, CCI subjected to chronic nerve constriction, OSS+CCI with a combination of neuropathy and stress and CON, a control group lacking any manipulation. While we did not observe any stress-related differences in mechanical sensitivity throughout the observation period, CCI rats were more sensitive to cold stimulation than OSS+CCI in the initial phase of neuropathy. A switch was observed at a later stage, leading to a hypersensitivity of the OSS+CCI compared to the CCI rats. At this time point we investigated the spinal mRNA expression of neuron and glia related molecules potentially involved in neuropathic pain and stress. The combination of psychosocial stress and neuropathic pain seemed to enhance glial cell activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine and neurotrophic factor mRNA levels, rather than glutamatergic transmission. Our data show that long lasting social stress may lead to time-dependent alteration of neuropathy-related cold pain sensitivity while mechanically-induced pain remains unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn-Marie Le Coz
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Psychobiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of LuxembourgLuxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Julien Genty
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Psychobiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of LuxembourgLuxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Fernand Anton
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Psychobiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of LuxembourgLuxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ulrike Hanesch
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Psychobiology, Institute for Health and Behavior, University of LuxembourgLuxembourg, Luxembourg
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Hueston CM, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1081. [PMID: 28375209 PMCID: PMC5416690 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation. Deciphering how disturbances to the central nervous system at this time affect structure, function and behavioural outputs is important to better understand any long-lasting effects. Hippocampal neurogenesis occurs during development and continues throughout life. In adulthood, integration of these new cells into the hippocampus is important for emotional behaviour, cognitive function and neural plasticity. During the adolescent period, maturation of the hippocampus and heightened levels of hippocampal neurogenesis are observed, making alterations to neurogenesis at this time particularly consequential. As stress negatively affects hippocampal neurogenesis, and adolescence is a particularly stressful time of life, it is important to investigate the impact of stressor exposure at this time on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adolescence may represent not only a time for which stress can have long-lasting effects, but is also a critical period during which interventions, such as exercise and diet, could ameliorate stress-induced changes to hippocampal function. In addition, intervention at this time may also promote life-long behavioural changes that would aid in fostering increased hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. This review addresses both the acute and long-term stress-induced alterations to hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition during the adolescent period, as well as changes to the stress response and pubertal hormones at this time which may result in differential effects than are observed in adulthood. We hypothesise that adolescence may represent an optimal time for healthy lifestyle changes to have a positive and long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and to protect against stress-induced deficits. We conclude that future research into the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the adolescent hippocampus to stress, exercise and diet and the consequent effect on cognition may provide insight into why adolescence may be a vital period for correct conditioning of future hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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37
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Juvenile adversity and adult threat controllability in translational models of stress-related disorders. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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38
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Adolescent vulnerability to cardiovascular consequences of chronic emotional stress: Review and perspectives for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 74:466-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Neuroplastic Correlates in the mPFC Underlying the Impairment of Stress-Coping Ability and Cognitive Flexibility in Adult Rats Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress during Adolescence. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:9382797. [PMID: 28182105 PMCID: PMC5274659 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9382797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a valid chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression, we found that adolescent (postnatal days [PND] 28–41) CMS induced transient alterations in anhedonia that did not persist into adulthood after a 3-week recovery period. Previously stressed adult rats exhibited more immobility/despair behaviors in the forced swimming test and a greater number of trials to reach criterion in the set-shifting task, suggesting the impaired ability to cope with stressors and the cognitive flexibility that allows adaptation to dynamic environments during adulthood. In addition, adult rat exposure to adolescent CMS had a relatively inhibited activation in ERK signaling and downstream protein expression of phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Further correlation analysis demonstrated that immobility and set-shifting performance were positively correlated with the inhibition of ERK signaling. These results indicated adolescent CMS can be used as an effective stressor to model an increased predisposition to adult depression.
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40
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How age, sex and genotype shape the stress response. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 6:44-56. [PMID: 28229108 PMCID: PMC5314441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress is a leading pre-disposing factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders as it often leads to maladaptive responses. The response to stressful events is heterogeneous, underpinning a wide spectrum of distinct changes amongst stress-exposed individuals'. Several factors can underlie a different perception to stressors and the setting of distinct coping strategies that will lead to individual differences on the susceptibility/resistance to stress. Beyond the factors related to the stressor itself, such as intensity, duration or predictability, there are factors intrinsic to the individuals that are relevant to shape the stress response, such as age, sex and genetics. In this review, we examine the contribution of such intrinsic factors to the modulation of the stress response based on experimental rodent models of response to stress and discuss to what extent that knowledge can be potentially translated to humans. Effect of age in the stress response. Effect of sex in the stress response. Effect of genotype in the stress response.
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41
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Chronic Postnatal Stress Induces Depressive-like Behavior in Male Mice and Programs second-Hit Stress-Induced Gene Expression Patterns of OxtR and AvpR1a in Adulthood. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4813-4819. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meyer N, Richter SH, Schreiber RS, Kloke V, Kaiser S, Lesch KP, Sachser N. The Unexpected Effects of Beneficial and Adverse Social Experiences during Adolescence on Anxiety and Aggression and Their Modulation by Genotype. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:97. [PMID: 27303275 PMCID: PMC4880570 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and aggression are part of the behavioral repertoire of humans and animals. However, in their exaggerated form both can become maladaptive and result in psychiatric disorders. On the one hand, genetic predisposition has been shown to play a crucial modulatory role in anxiety and aggression. On the other hand, social experiences have been implicated in the modulation of these traits. However, so far, mainly experiences in early life phases have been considered crucial for shaping anxiety-like and aggressive behavior, while the phase of adolescence has largely been neglected. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate how levels of anxiety-like and aggressive behavior are shaped by social experiences during adolescence and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype. For this purpose, male mice of a 5-HTT knockout mouse model including all three genotypes (wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous 5-HTT knockout mice) were either exposed to an adverse social situation or a beneficial social environment during adolescence. This was accomplished in a custom-made cage system where mice experiencing the adverse environment were repeatedly introduced to the territory of a dominant opponent but had the possibility to escape to a refuge cage. Mice encountering beneficial social conditions had free access to a female mating partner. Afterwards, anxiety-like and aggressive behavior was assessed in a battery of tests. Surprisingly, unfavorable conditions during adolescence led to a decrease in anxiety-like behavior and an increase in exploratory locomotion. Additionally, aggressive behavior was augmented in animals that experienced social adversity. Concerning genotype, homozygous 5-HTT knockout mice were more anxious and less aggressive than heterozygous 5-HTT knockout and wildtype mice. In summary, adolescence is clearly an important phase in which anxiety-like and aggressive behavior can be shaped. Furthermore, it seems that having to cope with challenge during adolescence instead of experiencing throughout beneficial social conditions leads to reduced levels of anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Meyer
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany; Muenster Graduate School of Evolution, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany
| | - S Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Kloke
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany; Muenster Graduate School of Evolution, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany; Muenster Graduate School of Evolution, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany
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43
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Albrecht A, Ivens S, Papageorgiou IE, Çalışkan G, Saiepour N, Brück W, Richter-Levin G, Heinemann U, Stork O. Shifts in excitatory/inhibitory balance by juvenile stress: A role for neuron-astrocyte interaction in the dentate gyrus. Glia 2016; 64:911-22. [PMID: 26875694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma is a well-described risk factor for the development of stress-related psychopathology such as posttraumatic stress disorder or depression later in life. Childhood adversity can be modeled in rodents by juvenile stress (JS) protocols, resulting in impaired coping with stressful challenges in adulthood. In the current study, we investigated the long-lasting impact of JS on the expression of molecular factors for glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake and turnover in sublayers of the dentate gyrus (DG) using laser microdissection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We observed reduced mRNA expression levels after JS for factors mediating astrocytic glutamate and GABA uptake and degradation. These alterations were prominently observed in the dorsal but not ventral DG granule cell layer, indicating a lasting change in astrocytic GABA and glutamate metabolism that may affect dorsal DG network activity. Indeed, we observed increased inhibition and a lack of facilitation in response to paired-pulse stimulation at short interstimulus intervals in the dorsal DG after JS, while no alterations were evident in basal synaptic transmission or forms of long-term plasticity. The shift in paired-pulse response was mimicked by pharmacologically blocking the astrocytic GABA transporter GAT-3 in naïve animals. Accordingly, reduced expression levels of GAT-3 were confirmed at the protein level in the dorsal granule cell layer of rats stressed in juvenility. Together, these data demonstrate a lasting shift in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of dorsal DG network activity by JS that appears to be mediated by decreased GABA uptake into astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albrecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience (ISAN), Haifa, Israel.,Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ivens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ismini E Papageorgiou
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasrin Saiepour
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Institute for the Study of Affective Neuroscience (ISAN), Haifa, Israel.,Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, Germany
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44
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Rana S, Nam H, Glover ME, Akil H, Watson SJ, M.Clinton S, Kerman IA. Protective effects of chronic mild stress during adolescence in the low-novelty responder rat. Stress 2016; 19:133-8. [PMID: 26473581 PMCID: PMC4903024 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-elicited behavioral and physiologic responses vary widely across individuals and depend on a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Adolescence is an important developmental period when neural circuits that guide emotional behavior and stress reactivity are still maturing. A critical question is whether stress exposure elicits contrasting effects when it occurs during adolescence versus adulthood. We previously found that Sprague-Dawley rats selectively bred for low-behavioral response to novelty (bred Low Responders; bLRs) are particularly sensitive to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) exposure in adulthood, which exacerbates their typically high levels of spontaneous depressive- and anxiety-like behavior. Given developmental processes known to occur during adolescence, we sought to determine whether the impact of CMS on bLR rats is equivalent when they are exposed to it during adolescence as compared with adulthood. Young bLR rats were either exposed to CMS or control condition from postnatal days 35-60. As adults, we found that CMS-exposed bLRs maintained high levels of sucrose preference and exhibited increased social exploration along with decreased immobility on the forced swim test compared with bLR controls. These data indicate a protective effect of CMS exposure during adolescence in bLR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Nam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology
- Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew E. Glover
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology
- Neuroscience, Graduate Biomedical Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ilan A. Kerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology
- Corresponding author at: Sparks Center 743, 1720 7 Avenue South, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, voice: (205)975-0310,
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45
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Treatment-resistant depression: are animal models of depression fit for purpose? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:3473-95. [PMID: 26289353 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antidepressant drug treatment remains a major health problem. Animal models of depression are efficient in detecting effective treatments but have done little to increase the reach of antidepressant drugs. This may be because most animal models of depression target the reversal of stress-induced behavioural change, whereas treatment-resistant depression is typically associated with risk factors that predispose to the precipitation of depressive episodes by relatively low levels of stress. Therefore, the search for treatments for resistant depression may require models that incorporate predisposing factors leading to heightened stress responsiveness. METHOD Using a diathesis-stress framework, we review developmental, genetic and genomic models against four criteria: (i) increased sensitivity to stress precipitation of a depressive behavioural phenotype, (ii) resistance to chronic treatment with conventional antidepressants, (iii) a good response to novel modes of antidepressant treatment (e.g. ketamine; deep brain stimulation) that are reported to be effective in treatment-resistant depression and (iv) a parallel to a known clinical risk factor. RESULTS We identify 18 models that may have some potential. All require further validation. Currently, the most promising are the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and congenital learned helplessness (cLH) rat strains, the high anxiety behaviour (HAB) mouse strain and the CB1 receptor knockout and OCT2 null mutant mouse strains. CONCLUSION Further development is needed to validate models of antidepressant resistance that are fit for purpose. The criteria used in this review may provide a helpful framework to guide research in this area.
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46
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Helmreich DL, Fudge JL. Letter to the Editor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 60:57. [PMID: 26135200 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Helmreich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - Julie L Fudge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States.
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47
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Wright KM, DiLeo A, McDannald MA. Early adversity disrupts the adult use of aversive prediction errors to reduce fear in uncertainty. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:227. [PMID: 26379520 PMCID: PMC4550796 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity increases anxiety in adult rodents and primates, and increases the risk for developing post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in humans. We hypothesized that early adversity impairs the use of learning signals -negative, aversive prediction errors–to reduce fear in uncertainty. To test this hypothesis, we gave adolescent rats a battery of adverse experiences then assessed adult performance in probabilistic Pavlovian fear conditioning and fear extinction. Rats were confronted with three cues associated with different probabilities of foot shock: one cue never predicted shock, another cue predicted shock with uncertainty, and a final cue always predicted shock. Control rats initially acquired fear to all cues, but rapidly reduced fear to the non-predictive and uncertain cues. Early adversity rats were slower to reduce fear to the non-predictive cue and never fully reduced fear to the uncertain cue. In extinction, all cues were presented in the absence of shock. Fear to the uncertain cue in discrimination, but not early adversity itself, predicted the reduction of fear in extinction. These results demonstrate early adversity impairs the use of negative aversive prediction errors to reduce fear, especially in situations of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Wright
- McDannald Lab, Department of Psychology, Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa DiLeo
- McDannald Lab, Department of Psychology, Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Michael A McDannald
- McDannald Lab, Department of Psychology, Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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48
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5-HT receptor-mediated modulation of granule cell inhibition after juvenile stress recovers after a second exposure to adult stress. Neuroscience 2015; 293:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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Wong P, Sze Y, Gray LJ, Chang CCR, Cai S, Zhang X. Early life environmental and pharmacological stressors result in persistent dysregulations of the serotonergic system. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:94. [PMID: 25964750 PMCID: PMC4410609 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulations in the brain serotonergic system and exposure to environmental stressors have been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder. Here, we investigate the interactions between the stress and serotonergic systems by characterizing the behavioral and biochemical effects of chronic stress applied during early-life or adulthood in wild type (WT) mice and mice with deficient tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) function. We showed that chronic mild stress applied in adulthood did not affect the behaviors and serotonin levels of WT and TPH2 knock-in (KI) mice. Whereas, maternal separation (MS) stress increased anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of WT mice, with no detectable behavioral changes in TPH2 KI mice. Biochemically, we found that MS WT mice had reduced brain serotonin levels, which was attributed to increased expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A). The increased MAO A expression was detected in MS WT mice at 4 weeks old and adulthood. No change in TPH2 expression was detected. To determine whether a pharmacological stressor, dexamethasone (Dex), will result in similar biochemical results obtained from MS, we used an in vitro system, SH-SY5Y cells, and found that Dex treatment resulted in increased MAO A expression levels. We then treated WT mice with Dex for 5 days, either during postnatal days 7–11 or adulthood. Both groups of Dex treated WT mice had reduced basal corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptors expression levels. However, only Dex treatment during PND7–11 resulted in reduced serotonin levels and increased MAO A expression. Just as with MS WT mice, TPH2 expression in PND7–11 Dex-treated WT mice was unaffected. Taken together, our findings suggest that both environmental and pharmacological stressors affect the expression of MAO A, and not TPH2, when applied during the critical postnatal period. This leads to long-lasting perturbations in the serotonergic system, and results in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Wong
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Phenotyping Core, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Sze
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura Jane Gray
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cecilia Chin Roei Chang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Cai
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA ; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
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50
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Mapping the developmental trajectory of stress effects: pubescence as the risk window. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:168-75. [PMID: 25459899 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to stress at different developmental time points has long been postulated to have a crucial impact on various brain structures involved in mental disorders. The long-term specific effects seem to emerge as a function of timing and duration of the exposure to stress, as well as the characteristics of the stressor. Previous studies have addressed this issue with an effort to describe a single "hyper-sensitive" time point, and have led to disagreement on a particular sensitive period for stress exposure. The primary aim of our study was to investigate the hypothesis that indeed there is a developmental stress risk window in male Wistar rats. We conducted a systematic mapping of the long-term effects of an acute stress protocol, applied both prenatal (gestational days 14-16) and postnatal (days 9-151), overall at 11 different time-points during development. Stress protocol consists of 3 days of either maternal separation (for rats at postnatal days 9-19) or exposure to the stressors forced swim, elevated plus maze and restraint (for both dams and males at postnatal days 24-151). Consequences in adulthood were measured by investigating the animals' behavior in both the open field and startle box, together with the physiological measure of corticosterone. We found both behaviorally and physiologically that the pubescence time points are the most vulnerable to stress compared to all other tested time points along the developmental trajectory. Carefully considering the comparison between rat and human age, our findings may imply the importance of childhood-to-adulthood transition, as a sensitive time-point which may exacerbate a predisposition for the development of stress-induced psychopathologies.
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