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Wang Y, Huang X, Luo G, Xu Y, Deng X, Lin Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Wang S, Chen H, Tao T, He L, Yang L, Yang L, Chen Y, Jin Z, He C, Han Z, Zhang X. The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383503. [PMID: 38756780 PMCID: PMC11096524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of global social economy and the deepening of the aging population, diseases related to aging have received increasing attention. The pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases remains unclear, and lung aging is an independent risk factor for respiratory diseases. The aging mechanism of the lung may be involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Aging-induced immune, oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere changes can directly induce and promote the occurrence and development of lung aging. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lung aging also further aggravates the immune stress and inflammatory response of respiratory diseases; the two mutually affect each other and promote the development of respiratory diseases. Explaining the mechanism and treatment direction of these respiratory diseases from the perspective of lung aging will be a new idea and research field. This review summarizes the changes in pulmonary microenvironment, metabolic mechanisms, and the progression of respiratory diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Huang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guofeng Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunying Xu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqian Deng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Luchuan Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshi He
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Province People’s Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Sommer C, Reamon-Buettner SM, Niehof M, Hildebrand CB, Braun A, Sewald K, Dehmel S, Brandenberger C. Age-dependent inflammatory response is altered in an ex vivo model of bacterial pneumonia. Respir Res 2024; 25:15. [PMID: 38178102 PMCID: PMC10765774 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with an increased incidence and mortality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonias. This might be partly due to age-dependent increases in inflammatory mediators, referred to as inflamm-aging and a decline in immune functions, known as immunosenescence. Still, the impact of dysregulated immune responses on lung infection during aging is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to mimic inflamm-aging using ex vivo precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) and neutrophils - as important effector cells of innate immunity - from young and old mice and investigated the influence of aging on inflammation upon infection with P. aeruginosa bacteria. METHODS Murine PCLS were infected with the P. aeruginosa standard lab strain PAO1 and a clinical P. aeruginosa isolate D61. After infection, whole-transcriptome analysis of the tissue as well as cytokine expression in supernatants and tissue lysates were performed. Responses of isolated neutrophils towards the bacteria were investigated by quantifying neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, cytokine secretion, and analyzing expression of surface activation markers using flow cytometry. RESULTS Inflamm-aging was observed by transcriptome analysis, showing an enrichment of biological processes related to inflammation, innate immune response, and chemotaxis in uninfected PCLS of old compared with young mice. Upon P. aeruginosa infection, the age-dependent pro-inflammatory response was even further promoted as shown by increased production of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, TNF-α, and IL-17A. In neutrophil cultures, aging did not influence NET formation or cytokine secretion during P. aeruginosa infection. However, expression of receptors associated with inflammatory responses such as complement, adhesion, phagocytosis, and degranulation was lower in neutrophils stimulated with bacteria from old mice as compared to young animals. CONCLUSIONS By using PCLS and neutrophils from young and old mice as immunocompetent ex vivo test systems, we could mimic dysregulated immune responses upon aging on levels of gene expression, cytokine production, and receptor expression. The results furthermore reflect the exacerbation of inflammation upon P. aeruginosa lung infection as a result of inflamm-aging in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Sommer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Niehof
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Beatrix Hildebrand
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 11, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
- Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer CIMD, Hannover, Germany.
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) research network, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute for Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 11, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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Zillich L, Wagner J, McMahan RH, Park LM, Hodgkinson C, Kovacs EJ, Lohoff FW. Multi-omics analysis of alcohol effects on the liver in young and aged mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13342. [PMID: 38017640 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the entire organism, especially on the liver. The toxicity is partly dependent on age, as older individuals metabolize alcohol more slowly leading to increased cellular injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate binge drinking on the liver of young and aged mice in a genome-wide multi-omics approach. We determined DNA methylation (DNAm) using the Illumina MouseMethylation array and gene expression by RNA sequencing in 18 female Balb/c mice in a 2 × 2 design. The animals underwent three moderate binge drinking cycles (ethanol vs. vehicle) and liver tissue was harvested at 4 or 19 months of age. We tested differential gene expression (DE) and DNAm associated with ethanol intake in linear models separately in young and aged mice, performed enrichment analyses for pathways and GWAS signatures of problematic alcohol use, and analysed the overlap of DNAm and gene expression. We observed DE in young and aged animals and substantial overlap in genes such as Bhlhe40, Klf10, and Frmd8. DE genes in aged animals were enriched for biological processes related to alcohol metabolism, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and GWAS signatures of problematic alcohol use. We identified overlapping signatures from DNAm and gene expression, for example, Frmd8 in aged and St6galnac4 in young mice. This study offers converging evidence of novel age-related targets in a moderate alcohol consumption model highlighting dysregulations in genes related to alcohol metabolism, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Zillich
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren M Park
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Okhrimenko IS, Kovalev K, Petrovskaya LE, Ilyinsky NS, Alekseev AA, Marin E, Rokitskaya TI, Antonenko YN, Siletsky SA, Popov PA, Zagryadskaya YA, Soloviov DV, Chizhov IV, Zabelskii DV, Ryzhykau YL, Vlasov AV, Kuklin AI, Bogorodskiy AO, Mikhailov AE, Sidorov DV, Bukhalovich S, Tsybrov F, Bukhdruker S, Vlasova AD, Borshchevskiy VI, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP, Bamberg E, Gordeliy VI. Mirror proteorhodopsins. Commun Chem 2023; 6:88. [PMID: 37130895 PMCID: PMC10154332 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive function-structure study of a representative of a new clade of proton pumping rhodopsins which we name "mirror proteorhodopsins", from Sphingomonas paucimobilis (SpaR) shows cavity/gate architecture of the proton translocation pathway rather resembling channelrhodopsins than the known rhodopsin proton pumps. Another unique property of mirror proteorhodopsins is that proton pumping is inhibited by a millimolar concentration of zinc. We also show that mirror proteorhodopsins are extensively represented in opportunistic multidrug resistant human pathogens, plant growth-promoting and zinc solubilizing bacteria. They may be of optogenetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Okhrimenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Lada E Petrovskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexey A Alekseev
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Egor Marin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Siletsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr A Popov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- iMolecule, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Zagryadskaya
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Igor V Chizhov
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Yury L Ryzhykau
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexey V Vlasov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Andrey O Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anatolii E Mikhailov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil V Sidorov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Siarhei Bukhalovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Fedor Tsybrov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergey Bukhdruker
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anastasiia D Vlasova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valentin I Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ernst Bamberg
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Valentin I Gordeliy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
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Bruserud Ø, Mosevoll KA, Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H, Wendelbo Ø. The Regulation of Neutrophil Migration in Patients with Sepsis: The Complexity of the Molecular Mechanisms and Their Modulation in Sepsis and the Heterogeneity of Sepsis Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071003. [PMID: 37048076 PMCID: PMC10093057 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Common causes include gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi. Neutrophils are among the first cells to arrive at an infection site where they function as important effector cells of the innate immune system and as regulators of the host immune response. The regulation of neutrophil migration is therefore important both for the infection-directed host response and for the development of organ dysfunctions in sepsis. Downregulation of CXCR4/CXCL12 stimulates neutrophil migration from the bone marrow. This is followed by transmigration/extravasation across the endothelial cell barrier at the infection site; this process is directed by adhesion molecules and various chemotactic gradients created by chemotactic cytokines, lipid mediators, bacterial peptides, and peptides from damaged cells. These mechanisms of neutrophil migration are modulated by sepsis, leading to reduced neutrophil migration and even reversed migration that contributes to distant organ failure. The sepsis-induced modulation seems to differ between neutrophil subsets. Furthermore, sepsis patients should be regarded as heterogeneous because neutrophil migration will possibly be further modulated by the infecting microorganisms, antimicrobial treatment, patient age/frailty/sex, other diseases (e.g., hematological malignancies and stem cell transplantation), and the metabolic status. The present review describes molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of neutrophil migration; how these mechanisms are altered during sepsis; and how bacteria/fungi, antimicrobial treatment, and aging/frailty/comorbidity influence the regulation of neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Knut Anders Mosevoll
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Bruserud
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Wendelbo
- Section for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Ulriksdal 10, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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Calvert BA, Quiroz EJ, Lorenzana Z, Doan N, Kim S, Senger CN, Anders JJ, Wallace WD, Salomon MP, Henley J, Ryan AL. Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112870. [PMID: 37006263 PMCID: PMC10061003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre- existing co-morbidities correlating to incidence to severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. This model was infected with live SARS-CoV-2 virus the epithelial response to infection was evaluated. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented proinflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory responses are polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the \epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. Conclusions This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Erik J. Quiroz
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ngan Doan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Seongjae Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christiana N. Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Anders
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Wiliam D. Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Salomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jill Henley
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Oncostatin M Receptor Type II Knockout Mitigates Inflammation and Improves Survival from Sepsis in Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020483. [PMID: 36831019 PMCID: PMC9953488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine, can be found at high levels in septic patients. However, little is known about its role in sepsis. This study aimed to determine if the genetic knockout of OSM receptor (OSMR) type II signaling would improve survival in a murine model of sepsis. Aged (>50 weeks) OSMR type II knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates received an intraperitoneal injection of fecal slurry (FS) or vehicle. The KO mice had better survival 48 h after the injection of FS than the WT mice (p = 0.005). Eighteen hours post-FS injection, the KO mice had reduced peritoneal, serum, and tissue cytokine levels (including IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, KG/GRO, and IL-10) compared to the WT mice (p < 0.001 for all). Flow cytometry revealed decreased recruitment of CD11b+ F4/80+ Ly6chigh+ macrophages in the peritoneum of KO mice compared to WT mice (34 ± 6 vs. 4 ± 3%, PInt = 0.005). Isolated peritoneal macrophages from aged KO mice had better live E. coli killing capacity than those from WT mice (p < 0.001). Peritoneal lavage revealed greater bacterial counts in KO mice than in WT mice (KO: 305 ± 22 vs. 116 ± 6 CFU (×109)/mL; p < 0.001). In summary, deficiency in OSMR type II receptor signaling provided a survival benefit in the progression of sepsis. This coincided with reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNFα, and KC/GRO) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10), increased bacterial killing ability of macrophages, and reduced macrophage infiltration into to site of infection.
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DeNotta S, McFarlane D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36609345 PMCID: PMC9817422 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The equine population in the United States and worldwide now includes a higher percentage of geriatric horses than ever previously recorded, and as methods to treat and manage elderly equids are developed and refined, this aging population will likely continue to expand. A better understanding of how horses age and the effect of age on immunity and disease susceptibility is needed to enable targeted preventative healthcare strategies for aged horses. This review article outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of aging on immunity, vaccine responsiveness, and disease risk in the horse, highlighting similarities and differences to what is observed in aged humans. Horses show similar but milder age-related alterations in immune function to those reported in people. Decreases in lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production and diminished response to vaccination have all been documented in elderly horses, however, increased risk of infectious disease is not commonly reported. Aged horses also show evidence of a proinflammatory state (inflammaging) yet appear less susceptible to the chronic diseases of people for which inflammation is a risk factor. Information is currently lacking as to why the horse does not experience the same risk of age-related disease (e.g., cancer, heart disease, neurodegeneration) as people, although a lack of negative lifestyle habits, differences in diet, exercise, genetics and physiology may all contribute to improved health outcomes in the older horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally DeNotta
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Dianne McFarlane
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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9
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Bui TA, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041333. [PMID: 36620775 PMCID: PMC9813499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Restoring blood flow through recanalization is currently the only acute treatment for cerebral ischemia. Unfortunately, many patients that achieve a complete recanalization fail to regain functional independence. Recent studies indicate that activation of peripheral immune cells, particularly neutrophils, may contribute to microcirculatory failure and futile recanalization. Stroke primarily affects the elderly population, and mortality after endovascular therapies is associated with advanced age. Previous analyses of differential gene expression across injury status and age identify ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease. It also suggests robust interactions between stroke injury, aging, and inflammation on a cellular and molecular level. Understanding such interactions is crucial in developing effective protective treatments. The global stroke burden will continue to increase with a rapidly aging human population. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of age-dependent vulnerability are poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss how neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns may contribute to poor treatment responses in stroke patients. We will also discuss age-related transcriptional changes that may contribute to poor clinical outcomes and greater susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Ian R. Winship,
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10
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Hollwedel FD, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Hildebrand CB, Welte T, Brandenberger C, Maus UA. Neutrophilic Pleuritis Is a Severe Complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia in Old Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2172-2180. [PMID: 36426980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pathomechanisms underlying the frequently observed fatal outcome of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in elderly patients are understudied. In this study, we examined the early antibacterial immune response in young mice (age 2-3 mo) as compared with old mice (age 18-19 mo) postinfection with K. pneumoniae. Old mice exhibited significantly higher bacterial loads in lungs and bacteremia as early as 24 h postinfection compared with young mice, with neutrophilic pleuritis nearly exclusively developing in old but not young mice. Moreover, we observed heavily increased cytokine responses in lungs and pleural spaces along with increased mortality in old mice. Mechanistically, Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion contributed to the observed hyperinflammation, which decreased upon caspase-1 inhibitor treatment of K. pneumoniae-infected old mice. Irradiated old mice transplanted with the bone marrow of young mice did not show hyperinflammation or early bacteremia in response to K. pneumoniae. Collectively, the accentuated lung pathology observed in K. pneumoniae-infected old mice appears to be due to regulatory defects of the bone marrow but not the lung, while involving dysregulated activation of the Nlrp3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke D Hollwedel
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Lu J, Liu J, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Li A. The effect of age on the clinical characteristics and innate immune cell function in the patients with abdominal sepsis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:952434. [PMID: 36237524 PMCID: PMC9551265 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.952434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening dysregulated host response to infection that compromises organ health, and abdominal sepsis is a commonly presenting critical illness in intensive care units (ICU). In this study, we investigate the effect of age on clinical sepsis characteristics and innate immune cells (neutrophils and monocytes) functionality in abdominal sepsis patients. We recruited 32 patients with abdominal sepsis from the Beijing Ditan Hospital’s ICU from February 2021 to September 2021, and selected 18 healthy volunteers that were age- and sex-matched as controls for a prospective cohort study. Elderly abdominal sepsis patients (age >65 years) had the following altered characteristics compared to nonelderly patient controls: lower mean arterial pressure, monocytes percentage, and red blood cell volume distribution width (p < 0.05); higher neutrophils percentage and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (p < 0.05); significantly increased monocyte-produced reactive oxygen (p < 0.05); increases neutrophilic secretion of TNF-α, as well as lower monocytic secretion of TNF-α (p < 0.05); higher neutrophil percentage (which was significantly higher in peripheral blood than monocyte percentage). Elderly patients also had significantly increased phagocytic activity in their neutrophils and monocytes (p < 0.05), significantly reduced neutrophils-produced reactive oxygen (p < 0.001), and significantly increased TNF-α secretion by monocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.05). We found that elderly patients have decreased immune cell function and increased release of cytokines compared to younger patients, suggesting individualized treatment plans targeting the elderly septic microenvironment could help prevent organ failure in elderly septic patients and improves patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ang Li,
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12
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Zhou J, Krishnan N, Guo Z, Ventura CJ, Holay M, Zhang Q, Wei X, Gao W, Fang RH, Zhang L. Nanotoxoid vaccination protects against opportunistic bacterial infections arising from immunodeficiency. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5492. [PMID: 36083909 PMCID: PMC9462688 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise in nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens is a major public health concern. Patients taking immunosuppressants or chemotherapeutics are naturally more susceptible to infections. Thus, strategies for protecting immunodeficient individuals from infections are of great importance. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of a biomimetic nanotoxoid vaccine in defending animals with immunodeficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nanotoxoids use a macrophage membrane coating to sequester and safely present bacterial virulence factors that would otherwise be too toxic to administer. Vaccination with the nanoformulation results in rapid and long-lasting immunity, protecting against lethal infections despite severe immunodeficiency. The nanovaccine can be administered through multiple routes and is effective in both pneumonia and septicemia models of infection. Mechanistically, protection is mediated by neutrophils and pathogen-specific antibodies. Overall, nanotoxoid vaccination is an attractive strategy to protect vulnerable patients and could help to mitigate the threat posed by antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
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13
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Calvert BA, Quiroz EJ, Lorenzana Z, Doan N, Kim S, Senger CN, Wallace WD, Salomon MP, Henley J, Ryan AL. Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2021.08.09.455472. [PMID: 34401877 PMCID: PMC8366793 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.09.455472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre-existing co- morbidities correlating to incidence of severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS- CoV-2 infection. To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented pro-inflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory response is polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- BA Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - EJ Quiroz
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Z Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Doan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, 10010 North Torey Pines Road, La Jolla, Ca, USA
| | - CN Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - WD Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MP Salomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Henley
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - AL Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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14
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Sex-dependent effect of aging on calcium signaling and expression of TRPM2 and CRAC channels in human neutrophils. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:645-655. [PMID: 35660323 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of older adults to bacterial infections has been associated with age-related changes in neutrophils. We analyzed the consequences of aging on calcium (Ca2+) mobilization and TRPM2 and CRAC channels expression in human neutrophils. The percentages of granulocytes, mature neutrophils, and neutrophil precursors were equivalent between young and older adults. However, neutrophil chemotaxis towards IL-8, C5a, or fMLP was lower in older adults of both sexes. Interestingly, a stronger Ca2+ transient followed by an identical Ca2+ influx to IL-8 was observed in older adult females. In addition, the Ca2+ response to LPS was delayed and prolonged in neutrophils of older adult males. There was no significant difference in Ca2+ response to fMLP, C5a, or store-operated Ca2+ entry in the older adults. There were also no differences in the expression of CXCR2, CD88, FPLR1, and TLR4. Interestingly, TRPM2- and ORAI1-mRNA expression was lower in neutrophils of older adults, mainly in females. Both channels were detected intracellularly in the neutrophils. TRPM2 was in late endosomes in young adults and in lysosomes in older adult neutrophils. In summary, defective neutrophil chemotaxis in aging seemed not to stem from alterations in Ca2+ signals; nevertheless, the low TRPM2 and ORAI1 expression may affect other functions.
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15
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Hulsebus HJ, Najarro KM, McMahan RH, Boe DM, Orlicky DJ, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol Intoxication Impairs Respiratory Function and Bacterial Clearance and Is Associated With Neutrophil Accumulation in the Lung After Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884719. [PMID: 35603143 PMCID: PMC9116899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is commonplace in the United States and its prevalence has increased in recent years. Excessive alcohol use is linked to an increased risk of infections including pneumococcal pneumonia, mostly commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, pneumonia patients with prior alcohol use often require more intensive treatment and longer hospital stays due to complications of infection. The initial respiratory tract immune response to S. pneumoniae includes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by resident cells in the upper and lower airways which activate and recruit leukocytes to the site of infection. However, this inflammation must be tightly regulated to avoid accumulation of toxic by-products and subsequent tissue damage. A majority of previous work on alcohol and pneumonia involve animal models utilizing high concentrations of ethanol or chronic exposure and offer conflicting results about how ethanol alters immunity to pathogens. Further, animal models often employ a high bacterial inoculum which may overwhelm the immune system and obscure results, limiting their applicability to the course of human infection. Here, we sought to determine how a more moderate ethanol exposure paradigm affects respiratory function and innate immunity in mice after intranasal infection with 104 colony forming units of S. pneumoniae. Ethanol-exposed mice displayed respiratory dysfunction and impaired bacterial clearance after infection compared to their vehicle-exposed counterparts. This altered response was associated with increased gene expression of neutrophil chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 in whole lung homogenates, elevated concentrations of circulating granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and higher neutrophil numbers in the lung 24 hours after infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that even a more moderate ethanol consumption pattern can dramatically modulate the innate immune response to S. pneumoniae after only 3 days of ethanol exposure and provide insight into possible mechanisms related to the compromised respiratory immunity seen in alcohol consumers with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Devin M Boe
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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16
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Taucher E, Mykoliuk I, Lindenmann J, Smolle-Juettner FM. Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846605. [PMID: 35386685 PMCID: PMC8978964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is reported in about one third of adults worldwide. A strong relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung cancer has been proven. However, about 15% of lung cancer cases, and between one fourth and one third of COPD cases, occur in never-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoke on the innate as well as the adaptive immune system have been widely investigated. It is assumed that certain immunologic features contribute to lung cancer and COPD development in the absence of smoking as the major risk factor. In this article, we review different immunological aspects of lung cancer and COPD with a special focus on non-smoking related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Taucher
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iurii Mykoliuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Těšický M, Krajzingrová T, Świderská Z, Syslová K, Bílková B, Eliáš J, Velová H, Svobodová J, Bauerová P, Albrecht T, Vinkler M. Longitudinal evidence for immunosenescence and inflammaging in free-living great tits. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111527. [PMID: 34428476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The first-line effector mechanisms of immune defence, including inflammation and oxidative burst, contribute significantly to host-pathogen resistance. Whether these immune responses undergo age-related changes in birds remains unknown. Here, we tracked selected inflammatory parameters in 54 free-living great tits (Parus major) of known age, captured repeatedly over three consecutive years, with the aims to investigate long-term repeatability and age-dependent changes in cellular oxidative burst responsiveness upon in vitro stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to identify its relationships with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels and haematological traits. In addition, we linked these immunological traits to selected physiological markers (antioxidants and oxidative stress markers). LTB4 levels increased with age and we have shown a similar non-significant tendency also for absolute granulocyte counts, indicating propagating chronic inflammation over the bird's lifetime, consistent with the inflammaging hypothesis. In contrast, cellular oxidative burst followed a quadratic trend of dependency on age with a peak in midlife individuals, in line with the immunosenescence hypothesis. Interestingly, LTB4 levels were positively associated with general oxidative damage, but negatively with antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating links to redox balance. This longitudinal study demonstrates the contrasting patterns of age-related changes in background and acute markers of pro-inflammatory immunity contributing to immunosenescence in birds and thus provides basis for interpretation of the tested inflammatory markers in cross-cohort datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Těšický
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Krajzingrová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Świderská
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslová
- Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Bílková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Eliáš
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Velová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodová
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bauerová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Tušimice Observatory, Tušimice 6, Kadaň 432 01, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Older but Not Wiser: the Age-Driven Changes in Neutrophil Responses during Pulmonary Infections. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00653-20. [PMID: 33495271 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00653-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly individuals are at increased risk of life-threatening pulmonary infections. Neutrophils are a key determinant of the disease course of pathogen-induced pneumonia. Optimal host defense balances initial robust pulmonary neutrophil responses to control pathogen numbers, ultimately followed by the resolution of inflammation to prevent pulmonary damage. Recent evidence suggests that phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in neutrophils impacts host resistance to pulmonary pathogens. Apart from their apparent role in innate immunity, neutrophils also orchestrate subsequent adaptive immune responses during infection. Thus, the outcome of pulmonary infections can be shaped by neutrophils. This review summarizes the age-driven impairment of neutrophil responses and the contribution of these cells to the susceptibility of the elderly to pneumonia. We describe how aging is accompanied by changes in neutrophil recruitment, resolution, and function. We discuss how systemic and local changes alter the neutrophil phenotype in aged hosts. We highlight the gap in knowledge of whether these changes in neutrophils also contribute to the decline in adaptive immunity seen with age. We further detail the factors that drive dysregulated neutrophil responses in the elderly and the pathways that may be targeted to rebalance neutrophil activity and boost host resistance to pulmonary infections.
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19
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Saint-Criq V, Lugo-Villarino G, Thomas M. Dysbiosis, malnutrition and enhanced gut-lung axis contribute to age-related respiratory diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101235. [PMID: 33321253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Older people are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or lung infections. Susceptibility to these diseases is partly due to the intrinsic ageing process, characterized by genomic, cellular and metabolic hallmarks and immunosenescence, and is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Importantly, in the lungs, ageing is also associated with a dysbiosis and loss of resilience of the resident microbiota and alterations of the gut-lung axis. Notably, as malnutrition is often observed in the elderly, nutrition is one of the most accessible modifiable factors affecting both senescence and microbiota. This article reviews the changes affecting the lung and its resident microbiota during ageing, as well as the interconnections between malnutrition, senescence, microbiota, gut-lung axis and respiratory health. As the communication along the gut-lung axis becomes more permissive with ageing, this review also explores the evidence that the gut and lung microbiota are key players in the maintenance of healthy lungs, and as such, are potential targets for nutrition-based preventive strategies against lung disease in elderly populations.
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20
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The Role of Age, Neutrophil Infiltration and Antibiotics Timing in the Severity of Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia. Insights from a Multi-Level Mathematical Model Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228428. [PMID: 33182614 PMCID: PMC7696447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and has high mortality in sensitive patients (children, elderly and immunocompromised). Although an infection, the disease alters the alveolar epithelium homeostasis and hinders normal breathing, often with fatal consequences. A special case is hospitalized aged patients, which present a high risk of infection and death because of the community acquired version of the Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. There is evidence that early antibiotics treatment decreases the inflammatory response during pneumonia. Here, we investigate mechanistically this strategy using a multi-level mathematical model, which describes the 24 first hours after infection of a single alveolus from the key signaling networks behind activation of the epithelium to the dynamics of the local immune response. With the model, we simulated pneumonia in aged and young patients subjected to different antibiotics timing. The results show that providing antibiotics to elderly patients 8 h in advance compared to young patients restores in aged individuals the effective response seen in young ones. This result suggests the use of early, probably prophylactic, antibiotics treatment in aged hospitalized people with high risk of pneumonia.
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21
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Sasaki Y, Komatsu F, Kashima N, Maeda T, Urita Y. Reactive leukocytosis in older patients with acute colonic diverticulitis: A retrospective study utilizing logistic regression analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:951-955. [PMID: 32876981 PMCID: PMC7590047 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sasaki
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, School of Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumiya Komatsu
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, School of Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoyasu Kashima
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, School of Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadashi Maeda
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, School of Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Urita
- Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, School of Medicine Toho University Tokyo Japan
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22
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Darden DB, Stortz JA, Hollen MK, Cox MC, Apple CG, Hawkins RB, Rincon JC, Lopez MC, Wang Z, Navarro E, Hagen JE, Parvataneni HK, Brusko MA, Kladde M, Bacher R, Brumback BA, Brakenridge SC, Baker HV, Cogle CR, Mohr AM, Efron PA. Identification of Unique mRNA and miRNA Expression Patterns in Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells After Trauma in Older Adults. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1289. [PMID: 32670283 PMCID: PMC7326804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults have significantly worse morbidity and mortality after severe trauma than younger cohorts. The competency of the innate immune response decreases with advancing age, especially after an inflammatory insult. Subsequent poor outcomes after trauma are caused in part by dysfunctional leukocytes derived from the host's hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our objective was to analyze the bone marrow (BM) HSPC transcriptomic [mRNA and microRNA (miR)] responses to trauma in older and younger adults. BM was collected intraoperatively <9 days after initial injury from trauma patients with non-mild injury [ISS ≥ 9] or with shock (lactate ≥ 2, base deficit ≥ 5, MAP ≤ 65) who underwent operative fixation of a pelvic or long bone fracture. Samples were also analyzed based on age (<55 years and ≥55 years), ISS score and transfusion in the first 24 h, and compared to age/sex-matched controls from non-cancer elective hip replacement or purchased healthy younger adult human BM aspirates. mRNA and miR expression patterns were calculated from lineage-negative enriched HSPCs. 924 genes were differentially expressed in older trauma subjects vs. age/sex-matched controls, while 654 genes were differentially expressed in younger subjects vs. age/sex-matched control. Only 68 transcriptomic changes were shared between the two groups. Subsequent analysis revealed upregulation of transcriptomic pathways related to quantity, function, differentiation, and proliferation of HSPCs in only the younger cohort. miR expression differences were also identified, many of which were associated with cell cycle regulation. In summary, differences in the BM HSPC mRNA and miR expression were identified between older and younger adult trauma subjects. These differences in gene and miR expression were related to pathways involved in HSPC production and differentiation. These differences could potentially explain why older adult patients have a suboptimal hematopoietic response to trauma. Although immunomodulation of HSPCs may be a necessary consideration to promote host protective immunity after host injury, the age related differences further highlight that patients may require an age-defined medical approach with interventions that are specific to their transcriptomic and biologic response. Also, targeting the older adult miRs may be possible for interventions in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijoia B Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael C Cox
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Camille G Apple
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Russell B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jaimar C Rincon
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maria-Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Navarro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer E Hagen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hari K Parvataneni
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Kladde
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rhonda Bacher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Babette A Brumback
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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23
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Roy-O’Reilly MA, Ahnstedt H, Spychala MS, Munshi Y, Aronowski J, Sansing LH, McCullough LD. Aging exacerbates neutrophil pathogenicity in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:436-461. [PMID: 31927534 PMCID: PMC6977697 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and aging is strong risk factor for poor post-stroke outcome. Neutrophils traffic rapidly to the brain following ischemic stroke, and recent evidence has suggested that aging may alter neutrophil function after tissue injury. In this study, we hypothesize that aging enhances the pro-inflammatory function of neutrophils, directly contributing to the poorer outcomes seen in aging patients. We utilized demographic data and biological specimens from ischemic stroke patients and an experimental mouse model to determine the correlation between age, neutrophil function and stroke outcomes. In ischemic stroke patients, age was associated with increased mortality and morbidity and higher levels of neutrophil-activating cytokines. In mice, aged animals had higher stroke mortality and morbidity, higher levels of neutrophil-activating cytokines and enhanced generation of neutrophil reactive oxygen species compared to young mice. Finally, depletion of neutrophils via a specific monoclonal antibody after ischemic stroke led to long-term benefits in functional outcome in aged male and female animals, with no benefit observed in young. These results demonstrate that aging is associated with augmented neutrophil pathogenicity in ischemic stroke, and that neutrophil-targeted therapies may confer greater benefit in aged subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica S. Spychala
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yashasvee Munshi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren H. Sansing
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Nasser H, Ivanics T, Leonard-Murali S, Stefanou A. Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection After Laparoscopic Colectomy: An NSQIP Database Analysis. J Surg Res 2020; 249:25-33. [PMID: 31918327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication after colon surgery. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for SSI and its types in laparoscopic colectomy patients using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. MATERIALS AND METHODS The NSQIP database was queried for patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy from 2011 through 2017. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to evaluate risk factors associated with any SSI, superficial SSI, deep-incisional SSI, and organ-space SSI. RESULTS Of 72,519 patients, 4906 cases of SSI were identified: 2276 superficial SSI, 357 deep-incisional SSI, and 2483 organ-space SSI. Risk factors associated with superficial SSI were admission before procedure (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.47; P < 0.01), smoking (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.16-1.44; P < 0.01), and higher body mass index (AOR = 1.24 for every 5 kg/m2 increase; 95% CI 1.20-1.27; P < 0.01). Deep-incisional SSI was associated with steroid use (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.31-2.49; P < 0.01), admission before procedure (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.30-2.13; P < 0.01), and smoking (AOR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.17-1.94; P < 0.01). Risk factors associated with organ-space SSI were wound class (AOR = 2.45 for class 4 versus ≤ 2; 95% CI 2.16-2.78; P < 0.01), chemotherapy within 90 d (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.33-1.84; P < 0.01), and steroid use (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.29-1.65; P < 0.01). Receipt of an oral antibiotic prep preoperatively was the strongest factor associated with SSI. CONCLUSIONS SSI types in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy have different risk factors. Modifiable risk factors may provide an opportunity to reduce SSI risk and its associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasser
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Tommy Ivanics
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Amalia Stefanou
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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25
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Schulte H, Mühlfeld C, Brandenberger C. Age-Related Structural and Functional Changes in the Mouse Lung. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1466. [PMID: 31866873 PMCID: PMC6904284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung function declines with advancing age. To improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships leading to this decline, we investigated structural alterations in the lung and their impact on micromechanics and lung function in the aging mouse. Lung function analysis was performed in 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months old C57BL/6 mice (n = 7-8/age), followed by lung fixation and stereological sample preparation. Lung parenchymal volume, total, ductal and alveolar airspace volume, alveolar volume and number, septal volume, septal surface area and thickness were quantified by stereology as well as surfactant producing alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell volume and number. Parenchymal volume, total and ductal airspace volume increased in old (18 and 24 months) compared with middle-aged (6 and 12 months) and young (3 months) mice. While the alveolar number decreased from young (7.5 × 106) to middle-aged (6 × 106) and increased again in old (9 × 106) mice, the mean alveolar volume and mean septal surface area per alveolus conversely first increased in middle-aged and then declined in old mice. The ATII cell number increased from middle-aged (8.8 × 106) to old (11.8 × 106) mice, along with the alveolar number, resulting in a constant ratio of ATII cells per alveolus in all age groups (1.4 ATII cells per alveolus). Lung compliance and inspiratory capacity increased, whereas tissue elastance and tissue resistance decreased with age, showing greatest changes between young and middle-aged mice. In conclusion, alveolar size declined significantly in old mice concomitant with a widening of alveolar ducts and late alveolarization. These changes may partly explain the functional alterations during aging. Interestingly, despite age-related lung remodeling, the number of ATII cells per alveolus showed a tightly controlled relation in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Schulte
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hanover, Germany
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26
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Abstract
People worldwide are living longer, and it is estimated that by 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years of age will nearly double. Natural lung aging is associated with molecular and physiological changes that cause alterations in lung function, diminished pulmonary remodeling and regenerative capacity, and increased susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases. As the aging population rapidly grows, it is essential to examine how alterations in cellular function and cell-to-cell interactions of pulmonary resident cells and systemic immune cells contribute to a higher risk of increased susceptibility to infection and development of chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. This review provides an overview of physiological, structural, and cellular changes in the aging lung and immune system that facilitate the development and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Heather W Stout-Delgado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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27
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Gotts JE, Bernard O, Chun L, Croze RH, Ross JT, Nesseler N, Wu X, Abbott J, Fang X, Calfee CS, Matthay MA. Clinically relevant model of pneumococcal pneumonia, ARDS, and nonpulmonary organ dysfunction in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L717-L736. [PMID: 31509438 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other infectious disease. Severe pneumonia is a common cause of acute respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite the introduction of effective antibiotics and intensive supportive care in the 20th century, death rates from community-acquired pneumonia among patients in the intensive care unit remain as high as 35%. Beyond antimicrobial treatment, no targeted molecular therapies have yet proven effective, highlighting the need for additional research. Despite some limitations, small animal models of pneumonia and the mechanistic insights they produce are likely to continue to play an important role in generating new therapeutic targets. Here we describe the development of an innovative mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia developed for enhanced clinical relevance. We first reviewed the literature of small animal models of bacterial pneumonia that incorporated antibiotics. We then did a series of experiments in mice in which we systematically varied the pneumococcal inoculum and the timing of antibiotics while measuring systemic and lung-specific end points, producing a range of models that mirrors the spectrum of pneumococcal lung disease in patients, from mild self-resolving infection to severe pneumonia refractory to antibiotics. A delay in antibiotic treatment resulted in ongoing inflammation and renal and hepatic dysfunction despite effective bacterial killing. The addition of fluid resuscitation to the model improved renal function but worsened the severity of lung injury based on direct measurements of pulmonary edema and lung compliance, analogous to patients with pneumonia and sepsis who develop ARDS following fluid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Gotts
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lauren Chun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - James T Ross
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicolas Nesseler
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pontchaillou, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Xueling Wu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jason Abbott
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
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28
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Li H, Luo YF, Wang YS, Xiao YL, Cai HR, Xie CM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces cellular senescence in lung tissue at the early stage of two-hit septic mice. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5289408. [PMID: 30649401 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We presume that severe secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection can lead to cellular senescence in lung tissue and thus contribute to high mortality. We established a two-hit mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by sublethal PA lung infection. In lung tissue, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, elevated lung injury and augmented cellular senescence was shown in mice with CLP followed by sublethal PA infection, and these observations reached a higher rank when higher (H) loads PA (PAO1) were administered to CLP mice (CLP + PAO1-H). Accordingly, oxidative stress-related element gp91phox and inflammation regulator NF-κB were greatly activated in CLP + PAO1-H mice compared to others. There was no obvious inflammation or cellular senescence in sham control, PAO1-infected mice. Consequently, CLP + PAO1-H mice had the highest expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα and iNOS among those groups. There was lower bacterial clearance ability in CLP + PAO1-H mice than in other mice. CLP + PAO1-H only had approximately 10% survival after 7 days of investigation and was much lower than others. In conclusion, higher mortality due to increased lung inflammation and cellular senescence are observed in mice with increased loads of PA infection secondary to CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi-Feng Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong-Long Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hou-Rong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Can-Mao Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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29
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Brandenberger C, Kling KM, Vital M, Christian M. The Role of Pulmonary and Systemic Immunosenescence in Acute Lung Injury. Aging Dis 2018; 9:553-565. [PMID: 30090646 PMCID: PMC6065297 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly (> 65 years), but the knowledge about origin and effects of immunosenescence in ALI is limited. Here, we investigated the immune response at pulmonary, systemic and cellular level in young (2-3 months) and old (18-19 months) C57BL/6J mice to localize and characterize effects of immunosenescence in ALI. ALI was induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) application and the animals were sacrificed 24 or 72 h later. Pulmonary inflammation was investigated by analyzing histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytometry and cytokine expression. Systemic serum cytokine expression, spleen lymphocyte populations and the gut microbiome were analyzed, as well as activation of alveolar and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro. Pulmonary pathology of ALI was more severe in old compared with young mice. Old mice showed significantly more inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cyto- or chemokines (TNFα, IL-6, MCP-1, CXCL1, MIP-1α) in the BALF, but a delayed expression of cytokines associated with activation of adaptive immunity and microbial elimination (IL-12 and IFNγ). Alveolar macrophages, but not BMDM, of old mice showed greater activation after in vivo and in vitro stimulation with LPS. No systemic enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response was detected in old animals after LPS exposure, but a delayed expression of IL-12 and IFNγ. Furthermore, old mice had less CD8+ T-cells and NK cells and more regulatory T-cells in the spleen compared with young mice and a distinct gut microbiome structure. The results of our study show an increased alveolar macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory signaling in the lungs, but not systemically, suggesting a key role of senescent alveolar macrophages in ALI. A decrease in stimulators of adaptive immunity with advancing age might further promote the susceptibility to a worse prognosis in ALI in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brandenberger
- 1Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,3Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Maria Kling
- 1Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- 4Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mühlfeld Christian
- 1Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,3Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
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30
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Stravinskas Durigon T, MacKenzie B, Carneiro Oliveira-Junior M, Santos-Dias A, De Angelis K, Malfitano C, Kelly da Palma R, Moreno Guerra J, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Garcia Caldini E, de Almeida FM, Aquino-Santos HC, Rigonato-Oliveira NC, Leal de Oliveira DB, Aimbire F, Ligeiro de Oliveira AP, Franco de Oliveira LV, Durigon EL, Hiemstra PS, Vieira RP. Aerobic Exercise Protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Pneumonia in Elderly Mice. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:279-290. [PMID: 29843140 DOI: 10.1159/000488953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS) infection results in severe morbidity and mortality, especially in immune-deficient populations. Aerobic exercise (AE) modulates the immune system, but its effects on the outcomes of pulmonary PS infection in elderly mice are unknown. METHODS BALB/c mice (24 weeks old) were randomized to sedentary, exercise (EX), PS, and PS + EX groups for the acute experimental setting, and PS and PS + EX groups for the chronic setting. Low-intensity AE was performed for 5 weeks, 60 min/day; 24 h after the final AE session, mice were inoculated with 5 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU) of PS, and 24 h and 14 days after PS inoculation, mice were studied. RESULTS AE inhibited PS colonization (p < 0.001) and lung inflammation (total cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes [p < 0.01] in bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL]), with significant differences in BAL levels of IL-1β (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01), CXCL1 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.001), as well as parenchymal neutrophils (p < 0.001). AE increased BAL levels of IL-10 and parenchymal (p < 0.001) and epithelial (p < 0.001) IL-10 expression, while epithelial (p < 0.001) and parenchymal (p < 0.001) NF-κB expression was decreased. AE diminished pulmonary lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) and increased glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01). Pre-incubation of BEAS-2B with IL-10 inhibited PS-induced epithelial cell expression of TNF-α (p < 0.05), CD40 (p < 0.01), and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AE inhibits PS-induced lung inflammation and bacterial colonization in elderly mice, involving IL-10/NF-κB, and redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stravinskas Durigon
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - BreAnne MacKenzie
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Alana Santos-Dias
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiano Malfitano
- Science Department of Health, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Renata Kelly da Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Moreno Guerra
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Department of Pathology (LIM 59), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Maria de Almeida
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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31
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Fuentes E, Fuentes M, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Immune System Dysfunction in the Elderly. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 89:285-299. [PMID: 28423084 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by both physical and physiological frailty that profoundly affects the immune system. In this context aging is associated with declines in adaptive and innate immunity established as immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is a new concept that reflects the age-associated restructuring changes of innate and adaptive immune functions. Thus elderly individuals usually present chronic low-level inflammation, higher infection rates and chronic diseases. A study of alterations in the immune system during aging could provide a potentially useful biomarker for the evaluation of immune senescence treatment. The immune system is the result of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, yet the impact of aging on this function is unclear. In this article the function of the immune system during aging is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.,Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging/ PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Postal Code 3460000, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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Ventura MT, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, Buquicchio R. Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clin Mol Allergy 2017; 15:21. [PMID: 29259496 PMCID: PMC5731094 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-017-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immunosenescence is a relatively recent chapter, correlated with the linear extension of the average life began in the nineteenth century and still in progress. The most important feature of immunosenescence is the accumulation in the “immunological space” of memory and effector cells as a result of the stimulation caused by repeated clinical and subclinical infections and by continuous exposure to antigens (inhalant allergens, food, etc.). This state of chronic inflammation that characterizes senescence has a significant impact on survival and fragility. In fact, the condition of frail elderly occurs less frequently in situations characterized by poor contact with viral infections and parasitic diseases. Furthermore the immunosenescence is characterized by a particular “remodelling” of the immune system, induced by oxidative stress. Apoptosis plays a central role in old age, a period in which the ability of apoptosis can change. The remodelling of apoptosis, together with the Inflammaging and the up-regulation of the immune response with the consequent secretion of pro-inflammatory lymphokines represents the major determinant of the rate of aging and longevity, as well as of the most common diseases related with age and with tumors. Other changes occur in the innate immunity, the first line of defence providing rapid, but unspecific and incomplete protection, consisting mostly of monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, acting up to the establishment of a adaptive immune response, which is slower, but highly specific, which cellular substrate consists of T and B lymphocytes. The markers of “Inflammaging” in adaptive immunity in centenarians are characterized by a decrease in T cells “naive.” The reduction of CD8 virgins may be related to the risk of morbidity and death, as well as the combination of the increase of CD8+ cells and reduction of CD4+ T cells and the reduction of CD19+ B cells. The immune function of the elderly is weakened to due to the exhaustion of T cell-virgin (CD95−), which are replaced with the clonal expansion of CD28-T cells. Conclusions The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines is associated with dementia, Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes type 2, sarcopenia and a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A correct modulation of immune responses and apoptotic phenomena can be useful to reduce age-related degenerative diseases, as well as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Ventura
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare no 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Buquicchio
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico, Italy
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33
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Miró L, Garcia-Just A, Amat C, Polo J, Moretó M, Pérez-Bosque A. Dietary Animal Plasma Proteins Improve the Intestinal Immune Response in Senescent Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121346. [PMID: 29232896 PMCID: PMC5748796 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased life expectancy has promoted research on healthy aging. Aging is accompanied by increased non-specific immune activation (inflammaging) which favors the appearance of several disorders. Here, we study whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma (SDP), which has been shown to reduce the activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in rodents challenged by S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and can also prevent the effects of aging on immune system homeostasis. We first characterized GALT in a mouse model of accelerated senescence (SAMP8) at different ages (compared to mice resistant to accelerated senescence; SAMR1). Second, we analyzed the SDP effects on GALT response to an SEB challenge in SAMP8 mice. In GALT characterization, aging increased the cell number and the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches (all, p < 0.05), as well as the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in intestinal mucosa (both, p < 0.05). With respect to GALT response to the SEB challenge, young mice showed increased expression of intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as lymphocyte recruitment and activation (all, p < 0.05). However, the immune response of senescent mice to the SEB challenge was weak, since SEB did not change cell recruitment or the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes. Mice supplemented with SDP showed improved capacity to respond to the SEB challenge, similar to the response of the young mice. These results indicate that senescent mice have an impaired mucosal immune response characterized by unspecific GALT activation and a weak specific immune response. SDP supplementation reduces non-specific basal immune activation, allowing for the generation of specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluïsa Miró
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació and Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- APC Europe S.L.U., 08403 Granollers, Spain.
| | - Alba Garcia-Just
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació and Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Concepció Amat
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació and Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Miquel Moretó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació and Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Pérez-Bosque
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació and Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
With the coming of the "silver tsunami," expanding the knowledge about how various intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the immune system in the elderly is timely and of immediate clinical need. The global population is increasing in age. By the year 2030, more than 20% of the population of the United States will be older than 65 years of age. This article focuses on how advanced age alters the immune systems and how this, in turn, modulates the ability of the aging lung to deal with infectious challenges from the outside world and from within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, GILIIP (GI, Liver and Innate Immunity Program), Graduate Program in Immunology, IMAGE (Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Mailstop #8620, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Devin M Boe
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, IMAGE, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, IMAGE, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6018, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A D Shaw
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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36
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Jackaman C, Tomay F, Duong L, Abdol Razak NB, Pixley FJ, Metharom P, Nelson DJ. Aging and cancer: The role of macrophages and neutrophils. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:105-116. [PMID: 28390891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired immune function has been implicated in the declining health and higher incidence of cancer in the elderly. However, age-related changes to immunity are not completely understood. Neutrophils and macrophages represent the first line of defence yet their ability to phagocytose pathogens decrease with aging. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are critical in eliminating tumors, but T cell function is also compromised with aging. T cell responses can be regulated by macrophages and may depend on the functional phenotype macrophages adopt in response to microenvironmental signals. This can range from pro-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic M1 to anti-inflammatory, pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. Macrophages in healthy elderly adipose and hepatic tissue exhibit a more pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype compared to young hosts whilst immunosuppressive M2 macrophages increase in elderly lymphoid tissues, lung and muscle. These M2-like macrophages demonstrate altered responses to stimuli. Recent studies suggest that neutrophils also regulate T cell function and, like macrophages, neutrophil function is modulated with aging. It is possible that age-modified tissue-specific macrophages and neutrophils contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with dysregulated macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, which together are responsible for development of multiple pathologies, including cancer. This review discusses recent advances in macrophage and neutrophil biology in healthy aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Jackaman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Federica Tomay
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Lelinh Duong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Bintu Abdol Razak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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37
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Miller EJ, Linge HM. Age-Related Changes in Immunological and Physiological Responses Following Pulmonary Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1294. [PMID: 28629122 PMCID: PMC5486115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current status of knowledge of sepsis and pneumonia in the elderly population and how the dynamics of the pulmonary challenge affects outcome and consequences. Led by an unprecedented shift in demographics, where a larger proportion of the population will reach an older age, clinical and experimental research shows that aging is associated with certain pulmonary changes, but it is during infectious insult of the lungs, as in the case of pneumonia, that the age-related differences in responsiveness and endurance become obvious and lead to a worse outcome than in the younger population. This review points to the neutrophil, and the endothelium as important players in understanding age-associated changes in responsiveness to infectious challenge of the lung. It also addresses how the immunological set-point influences injury-repair phases, remote organ damage and how intake of drugs may alter the state of responsiveness in the users. Further, it points out the importance of considering age as a factor in inclusion criteria in clinical trials, in vitro/ex vivo experimental designs and overall interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Miller
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA.
- Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, NY 11549, USA.
| | - Helena M Linge
- The Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, New York, NY 11030, USA.
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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38
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Boule LA, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol, aging, and innate immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:41-55. [PMID: 28522597 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru1016-450r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging: in 2010, 8% of the population was older than 65 y, and that is expected to double to 16% by 2050. With advanced age comes a heightened prevalence of chronic diseases. Moreover, elderly humans fair worse after acute diseases, namely infection, leading to higher rates of infection-mediated mortality. Advanced age alters many aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to impaired responses to primary infection and poor development of immunologic memory. An often overlooked, yet increasingly common, behavior in older individuals is alcohol consumption. In fact, it has been estimated that >40% of older adults consume alcohol, and evidence reveals that >10% of this group is drinking more than the recommended limit by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol consumption, at any level, alters host immune responses, including changes in the number, phenotype, and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Thus, understanding the effect of alcohol ingestion on the immune system of older individuals, who are already less capable of combating infection, merits further study. However, there is currently almost nothing known about how drinking alters innate immunity in older subjects, despite innate immune cells being critical for host defense, resolution of inflammation, and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we review the effects of aging and alcohol consumption on innate immune cells independently and highlight the few studies that have examined the effects of alcohol ingestion in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth A Boule
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery (GITES), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; .,The Mucosal Inflammation Program (MIP), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,The Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise (IMAGE) Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery (GITES), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; .,The Mucosal Inflammation Program (MIP), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,The Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise (IMAGE) Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and.,The Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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39
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Kling KM, Lopez-Rodriguez E, Pfarrer C, Mühlfeld C, Brandenberger C. Aging exacerbates acute lung injury-induced changes of the air-blood barrier, lung function, and inflammation in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L1-L12. [PMID: 27815259 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00347.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by hypoxemia, enhanced permeability of the air-blood barrier, and pulmonary edema. Particularly in the elderly, ALI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The reasons for this, however, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that age-related changes in pulmonary structure, function, and inflammation lead to a worse prognosis in ALI. ALI was induced in young (10 wk old) and old (18 mo old) male C57BL/6 mice by intranasal application of 2.5 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg body wt or saline (control mice). After 24 h, lung function was assessed, and lungs were either processed for stereological or inflammatory analysis, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytometry and qPCR. Both young and old mice developed severe signs of ALI, including alveolar and septal edema and enhanced inflammatory BALF cells. However, the pathology of ALI was more pronounced in old compared with young mice with nearly sixfold higher BALF protein concentration, twice the number of neutrophils, and significantly higher expression of neutrophil chemokine Cxcl1, adhesion molecule Icam-1, and metalloprotease-9, whereas the expression of tight junction protein occludin significantly decreased. The old LPS mice had thicker alveolar septa attributable to higher volumes of interstitial cells and extracellular matrix. Tissue resistance and elastance reflected observed changes at the ultrastructural level in the lung parenchyma in ALI of young and old mice. In summary, the pathology of ALI with advanced age in mice is characterized by a greater neutrophilic inflammation, leakier air-blood barrier, and altered lung function, which is in line with findings in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maria Kling
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy (REBIRTH), Hannover, Germany
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40
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Boe DM, Boule LA, Kovacs EJ. Innate immune responses in the ageing lung. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:16-25. [PMID: 27711979 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is undergoing an unprecedented shift in demographics, with the number of individuals over the age of 60 years projected to reach 2 billion or more by 2050, representing 22% of the global population. Elderly people are at a higher risk for chronic disease and more susceptible to infection, due in part to age-related dysfunction of the immune system resulting from low-grade chronic inflammation known as 'inflamm-ageing'. The innate immune system of older individuals exhibits a diminished ability to respond to microbial threats and clear infections, resulting in a greater occurrence of many infectious diseases in elderly people. In particular, the incidence of and mortality from lung infections increase sharply with age, with such infections often leading to worse outcomes, prolonged hospital stays and life-threatening complications, such as sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In this review, we highlight research on bacterial pneumonias and pulmonary viral infections and discuss age-related changes in innate immunity that contribute to the higher rate of these infections in older populations. By understanding more clearly the innate immune defects in elderly individuals, we can design age-specific therapies to address lung infections in such a vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Boe
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L A Boule
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - E J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Endocrine and Tumor Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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42
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Shin JH, High KP, Warren CA. Older Is Not Wiser, Immunologically Speaking: Effect of Aging on Host Response to Clostridium difficile Infections. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:916-22. [PMID: 26809495 PMCID: PMC4906326 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and a significant burden on the health care system. Aging has been identified in the literature as a risk factor for CDI as well as adverse outcome from CDI. Although this effect of advanced age on CDI could be partially explained by clinical factors associated with aging, biologic factors are important. Innate immune system, responsible for immediate response to acute infections, plays a major role in CDI pathogenesis. Impairment in function of innate immunity with aging, demonstrated in other infection models, may lead to worse outcome with CDI. C. difficile toxin-specific antibody response protects the host against initial and recurrent infections as shown in observational studies and clinical trial. Effect of aging on antibody response to CDI has not been demonstrated, but the results from vaccine studies in other infections suggest a negative effect on humoral immunity from aging. Although intestinal microbiota from healthy people confers resistance to CDI by preventing C. difficile colonization, changes in composition of microbiota with aging may affect that resistance and increase risk for CDI. There are also age-associated changes in physiology, especially of the gastrointestinal tract, that may play a role in CDI risk and outcomes. In this review, we will first discuss the epidemiology of CDI in the elderly people, then the alteration in innate immunity, humoral response, and microbiota that increases susceptibility to CDI and severe disease and lastly, the physiological and functional changes that may modify outcomes of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Shin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kevin P High
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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Abstract
The aging process in people is associated with changes in adaptive and innate immune responses. Similar changes occur in aged horses. Age-related progressive impairment in the ability to respond to pathogen challenge and an increased inflammatory reactivity may predispose geriatric horses to many diseases of old age. Specific recommendations for immune modification of older horses, including an age-appropriate vaccination schedule, are not currently available. In addition, the effect of old age on risk of infectious disease is poorly documented. More work is needed to better understand the interactions of age on immunity, vaccine response, and disease risk in horses.
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44
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Poole JA, Romberger DJ, Wyatt TA, Staab E, VanDeGraaff J, Thiele GM, Dusad A, Klassen LW, Duryee MJ, Mikuls TR, West WW, Wang D, Bailey KL. Age Impacts Pulmonary Inflammation and Systemic Bone Response to Inhaled Organic Dust Exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:1201-16. [PMID: 26436836 PMCID: PMC4706168 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1075165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural workers have high rates of airway and skeletal health disease. Studies recently demonstrated that inhaled agricultural organic dust extract (ODE)-induced airway injury is associated with bone deterioration in an animal model. However, the effect of age in governing these responses to organic dusts is unclear, but might be important in future approaches. Young (7-9 wk) and older (12-14,o) male C57BL/6 mice received intranasal (i.n.) inhalation exposure to ODE from swine confinement facilities once or daily for 3 wk. Acute ODE-induced neutrophil influx and cytokine and chemokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant [CXCL1], macrophage inflammatory protein-2 [CXCL2]) airway production were reduced in older compared to young mice. Repetitive ODE treatment, however, increased lymphocyte recruitment and alveolar compartment histopathologic inflammatory changes in older mice. Whole lung cell infiltrate analysis revealed that young, but not older, mice repetitively treated with ODE demonstrated an elevated CD4:CD8 lymphocyte response. Acute inhalant ODE exposure resulted in a 4-fold and 1.5-fold rise in blood neutrophils in young and older mice, respectively. Serum IL-6 and CXCL1 levels were elevated in young and older mice i.n. exposed once to ODE, with increased CXCL1 levels in younger compared to older mice. Although older mice displayed reduced bone measurements compared to younger mice, younger rodents demonstrated ODE-induced decrease in bone mineral density, bone volume, and bone microarchitecture quality as determined by computed tomography (CT) analysis. Collectively, age impacts the airway injury and systemic inflammatory and bone loss response to inhalant ODE, suggesting an altered and enhanced immunologic response in younger as compared to older counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Debra J. Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
| | - Elizabeth Staab
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Joel VanDeGraaff
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Geoffrey M. Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
- Rheumatology Division; Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Anand Dusad
- Rheumatology Division; Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Lynell W. Klassen
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
- Rheumatology Division; Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Michael J. Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
- Rheumatology Division; Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Ted R. Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
- Rheumatology Division; Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - William W. West
- Department of Pathology in the College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Dong Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences in the College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985300 The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5300
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
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Nacionales DC, Szpila B, Ungaro R, Lopez MC, Zhang J, Gentile LF, Cuenca AL, Vanzant E, Mathias B, Jyot J, Westerveld D, Bihorac A, Joseph A, Mohr A, Duckworth LV, Moore FA, Baker HV, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Brakenridge S, Efron PA. A Detailed Characterization of the Dysfunctional Immunity and Abnormal Myelopoiesis Induced by Severe Shock and Trauma in the Aged. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2396-407. [PMID: 26246141 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The elderly are particularly susceptible to trauma, and their outcomes are frequently dismal. Such patients often have complicated clinical courses and ultimately die of infection and sepsis. Recent research has revealed that although elderly subjects have increased baseline inflammation as compared with their younger counterparts, the elderly do not respond to severe infection or injury with an exaggerated inflammatory response. Initial retrospective analysis of clinical data from the Glue Grant trauma database demonstrated that despite a similar frequency, elderly trauma patients have worse outcomes to pneumonia than younger subjects do. Subsequent analysis with a murine trauma model also demonstrated that elderly mice had increased mortality after posttrauma Pseudomonas pneumonia. Blood, bone marrow, and bronchoalveolar lavage sample analyses from juvenile and 20-24-mo-old mice showed that increased mortality to trauma combined with secondary infection in the aged are not due to an exaggerated inflammatory response. Rather, they are due to a failure of bone marrow progenitors, blood neutrophils, and bronchoalveolar lavage cells to initiate and complete an emergency myelopoietic response, engendering myeloid cells that fail to clear secondary infection. In addition, elderly people appeared unable to resolve their inflammatory response to severe injury effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina C Nacionales
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Benjamin Szpila
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ricardo Ungaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lori F Gentile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Angela L Cuenca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Erin Vanzant
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Brittany Mathias
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jeevan Jyot
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Donevan Westerveld
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Anna Joseph
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Alicia Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lizette V Duckworth
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610;
| | - Scott Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Association between Maturation and Aging and Pulmonary Responses in Animal Models of Lung Injury. Anesthesiology 2015; 123:389-408. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Advanced age is associated with an increased susceptibility and mortality of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. This may be due to the progressive changes in innate immune responses and intrinsic properties of the lung that occur during the process of aging. Therefore, this study assesses the association between maturation and aging and pulmonary responses to injury in animal models of lung injury.
Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE (up to June 2014) and in the references of relevant articles to identify the studies using in vivo models of lung injury caused by an acute pulmonary insult, in which at least two age groups were compared. Because methodological diversity precluded combining these studies in a quantitative meta-analysis, data are presented based on the qualitative comparison with the adult group.
Results:
Of the 2,840 identified studies, 51 were included in this review. Most studies showed that, in response to a pulmonary insult, increasing age is associated with more pulmonary inflammation, edema, alveolar damage, and higher mortality. In addition, results indicate the existence of age-dependent changes in key components of the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response.
Conclusions:
Increasing age seems to be correlated with exaggerated pulmonary responses to injury, ultimately leading to more severe lung injury. Pulmonary inflammation seems relatively suppressed in infants/juveniles, whereas in the middle aged/elderly, the inflammatory response seems delayed but aggravated. This implies that investigators and clinicians need to use caution about extrapolating results from adolescent or youngadult animals to pediatric or elderly patients in clinical practice.
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Expanding roles of neutrophils in aging hosts. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 29:43-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein increases mortality in aged mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101828. [PMID: 25010671 PMCID: PMC4092051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice with conditional, intestine-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-IKO) exhibit a complete block in chylomicron assembly together with lipid malabsorption. Young (8–10 week) Mttp-IKO mice have improved survival when subjected to a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced sepsis. However, 80% of deaths in sepsis occur in patients over age 65. The purpose of this study was to determine whether age impacts outcome in Mttp-IKO mice subjected to sepsis. Methods Aged (20–24 months) Mttp-IKO mice and WT mice underwent intratracheal injection with P. aeruginosa. Mice were either sacrificed 24 hours post-operatively for mechanistic studies or followed seven days for survival. Results In contrast to young septic Mttp-IKO mice, aged septic Mttp-IKO mice had a significantly higher mortality than aged septic WT mice (80% vs. 39%, p = 0.005). Aged septic Mttp-IKO mice exhibited increased gut epithelial apoptosis, increased jejunal Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-XL ratios yet simultaneously demonstrated increased crypt proliferation and villus length. Aged septic Mttp-IKO mice also manifested increased pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels, suggesting increased neutrophil infiltration, as well as decreased systemic TNFα compared to aged septic WT mice. Conclusions Blocking intestinal chylomicron secretion alters mortality following sepsis in an age-dependent manner. Increases in gut apoptosis and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, and decreased systemic TNFα represent potential mechanisms for why intestine-specific Mttp deletion is beneficial in young septic mice but harmful in aged mice as each of these parameters are altered differently in young and aged septic WT and Mttp-IKO mice.
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“Aging and the Immune System”: Summary of a Satellite Meeting of the 15th International Congress of Immunology held in Milan, Italy, August 2013. Exp Gerontol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(14)00113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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