1
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Principe DR, Reilly P, Dhavamani S, Rivers A, Molokie R, Hsu LL, Ramasamy J. Hereditary Spherocytosis with Mitochondrial Retention, Increased Oxidative Stress, and Alterations to Bioactive Membrane Lipids. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:e457-e462. [PMID: 38934620 PMCID: PMC11272435 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The clinical course for Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) patients is highly varied, even within families with identical driving mutations. Here, we describe four siblings with HS attributed to an unreported SPTB mutation. All patients displayed an increased fraction of mitochondria-positive erythrocytes. This was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and alteration to alterations to bioactive membrane lipids associated with oxidant stress. Given the early promise for mitophagy-inducing agents in sickle cell disease and ready availability of antioxidants, this concept warrants continued exploration as a disease-modifying factor and a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Paige Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sugasini Dhavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology & Basic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Angela Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California at San Francisco and Benioff Children’s Hospital
| | - Robert Molokie
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA, Chicago, IL
| | - Lewis L. Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jagadeesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology & Basic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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2
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Menon V, Slavinsky M, Hermine O, Ghaffari S. Mitochondrial regulation of erythropoiesis in homeostasis and disease. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38946206 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Erythroid cells undergo a highly complex maturation process, resulting in dynamic changes that generate red blood cells (RBCs) highly rich in haemoglobin. The end stages of the erythroid cell maturation process primarily include chromatin condensation and nuclear polarization, followed by nuclear expulsion called enucleation and clearance of mitochondria and other organelles to finally generate mature RBCs. While healthy RBCs are devoid of mitochondria, recent evidence suggests that mitochondria are actively implicated in the processes of erythroid cell maturation, erythroblast enucleation and RBC production. However, the extent of mitochondrial participation that occurs during these ultimate steps is not completely understood. This is specifically important since abnormal RBC retention of mitochondria or mitochondrial DNA contributes to the pathophysiology of sickle cell and other disorders. Here we review some of the key findings so far that elucidate the importance of this process in various aspects of erythroid maturation and RBC production under homeostasis and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Menon
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary Slavinsky
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department Hematology, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- INSERM U1163 and CNRS 8254, Imagine Institute, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Fortuna V, Lima J, Oliveira GF, Oliveira YS, Getachew B, Nekhai S, Aschner M, Tizabi Y. Ferroptosis as an emerging target in sickle cell disease. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100181. [PMID: 39021403 PMCID: PMC11252799 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobin disorder marked by red blood cell sickling, resulting in severe anemia, painful episodes, extensive organ damage, and shortened life expectancy. In SCD, increased iron levels can trigger ferroptosis, a specific type of cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide accumulation, leading to damage and organ impairments. The intricate interplay between iron, ferroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in SCD underscores the necessity of thoroughly understanding these processes for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the importance of balancing the complex interactions among various factors and exploitation of the knowledge in developing novel therapeutics for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Fortuna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F. Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Yasmin S. Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Anastasiadi AT, Arvaniti VZ, Hudson KE, Kriebardis AG, Stathopoulos C, D’Alessandro A, Spitalnik SL, Tzounakas VL. Exploring unconventional attributes of red blood cells and their potential applications in biomedicine. Protein Cell 2024; 15:315-330. [PMID: 38270470 PMCID: PMC11074998 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini T Anastasiadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anastasios G Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | | | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vassilis L Tzounakas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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5
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Xi C, Palani C, Takezaki M, Shi H, Horuzsko A, Pace BS, Zhu X. Simvastatin-Mediated Nrf2 Activation Induces Fetal Hemoglobin and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression to Ameliorate the Phenotype of Sickle Cell Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:337. [PMID: 38539870 PMCID: PMC10968127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a pathophysiological condition of chronic hemolysis, oxidative stress, and elevated inflammation. The transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of oxidative stress. Here, we report that the FDA-approved oral agent simvastatin, an inhibitor of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, significantly activates the expression of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes. Simvastatin also induces fetal hemoglobin expression in SCD patient primary erythroid progenitors and a transgenic mouse model. Simvastatin alleviates SCD symptoms by decreasing hemoglobin S sickling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory stress in erythroblasts. Particularly, simvastatin increases cellular levels of cystine, the precursor for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant reduced glutathione, and decreases the iron content in SCD mouse spleen and liver tissues. Mechanistic studies suggest that simvastatin suppresses the expression of the critical histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 to reduce both global and gene-specific histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. These chromatin structural changes promote the assembly of transcription complexes to fetal γ-globin and antioxidant gene regulatory regions in an antioxidant response element-dependent manner. In summary, our findings suggest that simvastatin activates fetal hemoglobin and antioxidant protein expression, modulates iron and cystine/reduced glutathione levels to improve the phenotype of SCD, and represents a therapeutic strategy for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Chithra Palani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Mayuko Takezaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Betty S. Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
| | - Xingguo Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (C.X.); (C.P.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA (A.H.)
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6
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Lyu J, Ni M, Weiss MJ, Xu J. Metabolic regulation of erythrocyte development and disorders. Exp Hematol 2024; 131:104153. [PMID: 38237718 PMCID: PMC10939827 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The formation of new red blood cells (RBC) (erythropoiesis) has served as a paradigm for understanding cellular differentiation and developmental control of gene expression. The metabolic regulation of this complex, coordinated process remains poorly understood. Each step of erythropoiesis, including lineage specification of hematopoietic stem cells, proliferation, differentiation, and terminal maturation into highly specialized oxygen-carrying cells, has unique metabolic requirements. Developing erythrocytes in mammals are also characterized by unique metabolic events such as loss of mitochondria with switch to glycolysis, ejection of nucleus and organelles, high-level heme and hemoglobin synthesis, and antioxidant requirement to protect hemoglobin molecules. Genetic defects in metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, cause common erythrocyte disorders, whereas other inherited disorders such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia display metabolic abnormalities associated with disease pathophysiology. Here we describe recent discoveries on the metabolic control of RBC formation and function, highlight emerging concepts in understanding the erythroid metabolome, and discuss potential therapeutic benefits of targeting metabolism for RBC disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Lyu
- Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Min Ni
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jian Xu
- Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
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7
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Kamimura S, Smith M, Vogel S, Almeida LEF, Thein SL, Quezado ZMN. Mouse models of sickle cell disease: Imperfect and yet very informative. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102776. [PMID: 37391346 PMCID: PMC10725515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The root cause of sickle cell disease (SCD) has been known for nearly a century, however, few therapies to treat the disease are available. Over several decades of work, with advances in gene editing technology and after several iterations of mice with differing genotype/phenotype relationships, researchers have developed humanized SCD mouse models. However, while a large body of preclinical studies has led to huge gains in basic science knowledge about SCD in mice, this knowledge has not led to the development of effective therapies to treat SCD-related complications in humans, thus leading to frustration with the paucity of translational progress in the SCD field. The use of mouse models to study human diseases is based on the genetic and phenotypic similarities between mouse and humans (face validity). The Berkeley and Townes SCD mice express only human globin chains and no mouse hemoglobin. With this genetic composition, these models present many phenotypic similarities, but also significant discrepancies that should be considered when interpreting preclinical studies results. Reviewing genetic and phenotypic similarities and discrepancies and examining studies that have translated to humans and those that have not, offer a better perspective of construct, face, and predictive validities of humanized SCD mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghann Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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8
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Esperti S, Nader E, Stier A, Boisson C, Carin R, Marano M, Robert M, Martin M, Horand F, Cibiel A, Renoux C, Van Bruggen R, Blans C, Dargaud Y, Joly P, Gauthier A, Poutrel S, Romana M, Roussel D, Connes P. Increased retention of functional mitochondria in mature sickle red blood cells is associated with increased sickling tendency, hemolysis and oxidative stress. Haematologica 2023; 108:3086-3094. [PMID: 37259576 PMCID: PMC10620576 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal retention of mitochondria in mature red blood cells (RBC) has been recently reported in sickle cell anemia (SCA) but their functionality and their role in the pathophysiology of SCA remain unknown. The presence of mitochondria within RBC was determined by flow cytometry in 61 SCA patients and ten healthy donors. Patients were classified according to the percentage of mature RBC with mitochondria contained in the whole RBC population: low (0-4%), moderate (>4% and <8%), or high level (>8%). RBC rheological, hematological, senescence and oxidative stress markers were compared between the three groups. RBC senescence and oxidative stress markers were also compared between mature RBC containing mitochondria and those without. The functionality of residual mitochondria in sickle RBC was measured by high-resolution respirometry assay and showed detectable mitochondrial oxygen consumption in sickle mature RBC but not in healthy RBC. Increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were observed in mature sickle RBC when incubated with Antimycin A versus without. In addition, mature RBC retaining mitochondria exhibited greater levels of reactive oxygen species compared to RBC without mitochondria, as well as greater Ca2+, lower CD47 and greater phosphatidylserine exposure. Hematocrit and RBC deformability were lower, and the propensity of RBC to sickle under deoxygenation was higher, in the SCA group with a high percentage of mitochondria retention in mature RBC. This study showed the presence of functional mitochondria in mature sickle RBC, which could favor RBC sickling and accelerate RBC senescence, leading to increased cellular fragility and hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Esperti
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Erytech Pharma, 69008 Lyon
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris
| | - Antoine Stier
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178, 67000 Strasbourg
| | - Camille Boisson
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris
| | - Romain Carin
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris
| | - Muriel Marano
- UR4609 Hémostase and Thrombose Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon
| | - Mélanie Robert
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Erytech Pharma, 69008 Lyon
| | - Marie Martin
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon
| | | | | | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Erythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon
| | - Robin Van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Blans
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yesim Dargaud
- UR4609 Hémostase and Thrombose Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Erythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Institut d'Hématologique et d'Oncologique Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon
| | - Solène Poutrel
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France. de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris
| | - Damien Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, 79015 Paris.
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Esperti S, Nader E, Boisson C, Carin R, Horrand F, Piedrahita D, Renoux C, Joly P, Gauthier A, Poutrel S, Connes P. Mitochondria retention in mature RBCs from haemoglobin SC patients. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:e36-e38. [PMID: 37305963 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Esperti
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Erytech Pharma, Lyon, France
| | - Elie Nader
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Camille Boisson
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Romain Carin
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Erythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de Biochimie des Pathologies Erythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Institut d'Hématologique et d'Oncologique Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Poutrel
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
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10
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Orrico F, Laurance S, Lopez AC, Lefevre SD, Thomson L, Möller MN, Ostuni MA. Oxidative Stress in Healthy and Pathological Red Blood Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1262. [PMID: 37627327 PMCID: PMC10452114 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Red cell diseases encompass a group of inherited or acquired erythrocyte disorders that affect the structure, function, or production of red blood cells (RBCs). These disorders can lead to various clinical manifestations, including anemia, hemolysis, inflammation, and impaired oxygen-carrying capacity. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of red cell diseases. In this review, we discuss the most relevant oxidant species involved in RBC damage, the enzymatic and low molecular weight antioxidant systems that protect RBCs against oxidative injury, and finally, the role of oxidative stress in different red cell diseases, including sickle cell disease, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and pyruvate kinase deficiency, highlighting the underlying mechanisms leading to pathological RBC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (F.O.); (A.C.L.); (M.N.M.)
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Sandrine Laurance
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75014 Paris, France; (S.L.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Ana C. Lopez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (F.O.); (A.C.L.); (M.N.M.)
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Sophie D. Lefevre
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75014 Paris, France; (S.L.); (S.D.L.)
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Matias N. Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; (F.O.); (A.C.L.); (M.N.M.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Mariano A. Ostuni
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75014 Paris, France; (S.L.); (S.D.L.)
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11
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Ibanez V, Vaitkus K, Zhang X, Ramasamy J, Rivers AE, Saunthararajah Y, Molokie R, Lavelle D. Combinatorial targeting of epigenome-modifying enzymes with decitabine and RN-1 synergistically increases HbF. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3891-3902. [PMID: 36884303 PMCID: PMC10405201 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels reduce the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD) and increase the lifespan of patients. Because curative strategies for bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy technologies remain unavailable to a large number of patients, the development of a safe and effective pharmacological therapy that increases HbF offers the greatest potential for disease intervention. Although hydroxyurea increases HbF, a substantial proportion of patients fail to demonstrate an adequate response. Pharmacological inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) and lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1), 2 epigenome-modifying enzymes associated with the multiprotein corepressor complex recruited to the repressed γ-globin gene, are powerful in vivo inducers of HbF. The hematological side effects of these inhibitors limit feasible clinical exposures. We evaluated whether administering these drugs in combination could reduce the dose and/or time of exposure to any single agent to minimize adverse effects, while achieving additive or synergistic increases in HbF. The DNMT1 inhibitor decitabine (0.5 mg/kg per day) and the LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 (0.25 mg/kg per day) administered in combination 2 days per week produced synergistic increases in F-cells, F-reticulocytes, and γ-globin messenger RNA in healthy baboons. Large increases in HbF and F-cells were observed in healthy, nonanemic, and anemic (phlebotomized) baboons. Combinatorial therapy targeting epigenome-modifying enzymes could thus be a useful strategy for producing larger increases in HbF to modify the clinical course of SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzon Ibanez
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kestis Vaitkus
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Xu Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jagadeesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Angela E. Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert Molokie
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Donald Lavelle
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Research and Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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12
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D’Alessandro A, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Reisz JA, Zhang X, Bartsch KW, Galbraith MD, Gordeuk VR, Gladwin MT. In vivo evaluation of the effect of sickle cell hemoglobin S, C and therapeutic transfusion on erythrocyte metabolism and cardiorenal dysfunction. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:1017-1028. [PMID: 36971592 PMCID: PMC10272107 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite a wealth of exploratory plasma metabolomics studies in sickle cell disease (SCD), no study to date has evaluate a large and well phenotyped cohort to compare the primary erythrocyte metabolome of hemoglobin SS, SC and transfused AA red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo. The current study evaluates the RBC metabolome of 587 subjects with sickle cell sickle cell disease (SCD) from the WALK-PHaSST clinical cohort. The set includes hemoglobin SS, hemoglobin SC SCD patients, with variable levels of HbA related to RBC transfusion events. Here we explore the modulating effects of genotype, age, sex, severity of hemolysis, and transfusion therapy on sickle RBC metabolism. Results show that RBCs from patients with Hb SS genotypes-compared to AA RBCs from recent transfusion events or SC RBCs-are characterized by significant alterations of RBC acylcarnitines, pyruvate, sphingosine 1-phosphate, creatinine, kynurenine and urate metabolism. Surprisingly, the RBC metabolism of SC RBCs is dramatically different from SS, with all glycolytic intermediates significantly elevated in SS RBCs, with the exception of pyruvate. This result suggests a metabolic blockade at the ATP-generating phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate step of glycolysis, which is catalyzed by redox-sensitive pyruvate kinase. Metabolomics, clinical and hematological data were collated in a novel online portal. In conclusion, we identified metabolic signatures of HbS RBCs that correlate with the degree of steady state hemolytic anemia, cardiovascular and renal dysfunction and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine – Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S. Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesca Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyle W. Bartsch
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew D. Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Victor R. Gordeuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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D’Alessandro A, Anastasiadi AT, Tzounakas VL, Nemkov T, Reisz JA, Kriebardis AG, Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL, Busch MP. Red Blood Cell Metabolism In Vivo and In Vitro. Metabolites 2023; 13:793. [PMID: 37512500 PMCID: PMC10386156 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant cell in the human body, with a central role in oxygen transport and its delivery to tissues. However, omics technologies recently revealed the unanticipated complexity of the RBC proteome and metabolome, paving the way for a reinterpretation of the mechanisms by which RBC metabolism regulates systems biology beyond oxygen transport. The new data and analytical tools also informed the dissection of the changes that RBCs undergo during refrigerated storage under blood bank conditions, a logistic necessity that makes >100 million units available for life-saving transfusions every year worldwide. In this narrative review, we summarize the last decade of advances in the field of RBC metabolism in vivo and in the blood bank in vitro, a narrative largely influenced by the authors' own journeys in this field. We hope that this review will stimulate further research in this interesting and medically important area or, at least, serve as a testament to our fascination with this simple, yet complex, cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (T.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Alkmini T. Anastasiadi
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.T.A.); (A.G.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vassilis L. Tzounakas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (T.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (T.N.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Anastsios G. Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.T.A.); (A.G.K.)
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
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14
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Sesti-Costa R, Costa FF, Conran N. Role of Macrophages in Sickle Cell Disease Erythrophagocytosis and Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076333. [PMID: 37047304 PMCID: PMC10094208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by a β-globin gene point mutation that results in the production of sickle hemoglobin that polymerizes upon deoxygenation, causing the sickling of red blood cells (RBCs). RBC deformation initiates a sequence of events leading to multiple complications, such as hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusion, chronic inflammation, and tissue damage. Macrophages participate in extravascular hemolysis by removing damaged RBCs, hence preventing the release of free hemoglobin and heme, and triggering inflammation. Upon erythrophagocytosis, macrophages metabolize RBC-derived hemoglobin, activating mechanisms responsible for recycling iron, which is then used for the generation of new RBCs to try to compensate for anemia. In the bone marrow, macrophages can create specialized niches, known as erythroblastic islands (EBIs), which regulate erythropoiesis. Anemia and inflammation present in SCD may trigger mechanisms of stress erythropoiesis, intensifying RBC generation by expanding the number of EBIs in the bone marrow and creating new ones in extramedullary sites. In the current review, we discuss the distinct mechanisms that could induce stress erythropoiesis in SCD, potentially shifting the macrophage phenotype to an inflammatory profile, and changing their supporting role necessary for the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells in the disease. The knowledge of the soluble factors, cell surface and intracellular molecules expressed by EBI macrophages that contribute to begin and end the RBC’s lifespan, as well as the understanding of their signaling pathways in SCD, may reveal potential targets to control the pathophysiology of the disease.
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15
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Gallivan A, Alejandro M, Kanu A, Zekaryas N, Horneman H, Hong LK, Vinchinsky E, Lavelle D, Diamond AM, Molokie RE, Ramasamy J, Rivers A. Reticulocyte mitochondrial retention increases reactive oxygen species and oxygen consumption in mouse models of sickle cell disease and phlebotomy-induced anemia. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00033-4. [PMID: 36934777 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a mutation of the β-globin gene that results in the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). People with SCD experience anemia, severe acute pain episodes, persistent chronic pain, multiorgan damage, and a reduced life span. The pathophysiology of SCD caused by the polymerization of HbS on deoxygenation results in red cell deformability and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These 2 factors lead to red cell fragility and hemolysis. Reticulocytosis is an independent predictor of disease morbidity and mortality in SCD. We previously established that humans and mice with SCD exhibit abnormal mitochondrial retention in erythrocytes increasing ROS-associated hemolysis. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that mitochondrial retention and increased ROS are a consequence of stress erythropoiesis. Our results show clearly that stress erythropoiesis in phlebotomized, anemic AA mice results in mitochondrial retention and increased ROS in reticulocytes. We observed that elevated mitochondrial retention in reticulocytes also alters oxygen consumption and potentially contributes to increased HbS polymerization and red blood cell hemolysis. Therefore, these events occurring due to stress erythropoiesis contribute significantly to the pathology of SCD and suggest new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gallivan
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Amarachi Kanu
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Hart Horneman
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | | | | | - Don Lavelle
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert E Molokie
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Angela Rivers
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA.
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16
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D'Alessandro A, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Reisz JA, Zhang X, Bartsch KW, Galbraith MD, Gordeuk VR, Gladwin MT. In vivo evaluation of the effect of sickle cell hemoglobin S, C and therapeutic transfusion on erythrocyte metabolism and cardiorenal dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528368. [PMID: 36824724 PMCID: PMC9948995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite a wealth of exploratory plasma metabolomics studies in sickle cell disease (SCD), no study to date has evaluate a large and well phenotyped cohort to compare the primary erythrocyte metabolome of hemoglobin SS, SC and transfused AA red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo . The current study evaluates the RBC metabolome of 587 subjects with sickle cell sickle cell disease (SCD) from the WALK-PHaSST clinical cohort. The set includes hemoglobin SS, hemoglobin SC SCD patients, with variable levels of HbA related to RBC transfusion events, and HbF related to hydroxyurea therapy. Here we explore the modulating effects of genotype, age, sex, severity of hemolysis, and hydroxyurea and transfusion therapy on sickle RBC metabolism. Data - collated in an online portal - show that the Hb SS genotype is associated with significant alterations of RBC acylcarnitines, pyruvate, sphingosine 1-phosphate, creatinine, kynurenine and urate metabolism. Surprisingly, the RBC metabolism of SC RBCs is dramatically different from SS, with all glycolytic intermediates significantly elevated in SS RBCs, with the exception of pyruvate. This result suggests a metabolic blockade at the ATP-generating phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate step of glycolysis, which is catalyzed by redox-sensitive pyruvate kinase. Increasing in vivo concentrations of HbA improved glycolytic flux and normalized the HbS erythrocyte metabolome. An unexpectedly limited metabolic effect of hydroxyurea and HbF was observed, possibly related to the modest induction of HbF in this cohort. The metabolic signature of HbS RBCs correlated with the degree of steady state hemolytic anemia, cardiovascular and renal dysfunction and mortality. Key points In vivo dysregulation of RBC metabolism by HbS is evaluated by metabolic profiling of 587 patients with variable HbA, HbC and HbF levels;RBC acyl-carnitines, urate, pyruvate metabolism, S1P, kynurenine relate to hemolysis and cardiorenal dysfunction, respond to transfusion.
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17
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Mitochondria: Emerging Consequential in Sickle Cell Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030765. [PMID: 36769414 PMCID: PMC9917941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced mitochondrial multi-omics indicate a multi-facet involvement of mitochondria in the physiology of the cell, changing the perception of mitochondria from being just the energy-generating organelles to organelles that highly influence cell structure, function, signaling, and cell fate. This sets mitochondrial dysfunction in the centerstage of numerous acquired and genetic diseases. Sickle cell disease is also being increasingly associated with mitochondrial anomalies and the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease finds mitochondria at crucial intersections in the pathological cascade. Altered mitophagy, increased ROS, and mitochondrial DNA all contribute to the condition and its severity. Such mitochondrial aberrations lead to consequent mitochondrial retention in red blood cells in sickle cell diseases, increased oxidation in the cellular environment, inflammation, worsened vaso-occlusive crisis, etc. There are increasing studies indicating mitochondrial significance in sickle cell disease, consequently providing an opportunity to target it for improving the outcomes of treatment. Identification of the impaired mitochondrial attributes in sickle cell disease and their modulation by therapeutic interventions can impart a better management of the disease. This review aims to describe the mitochondria in the perspective of sicke cell disease so as to provide the reader an overview of the emerging mitochondrial stance in sickle cell disease.
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18
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Venugopal J, Wang J, Guo C, Eitzman DT. Amiodarone improves anemia in a murine model of sickle cell disease and is associated with increased erythrocyte bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16437. [PMID: 36180774 PMCID: PMC9525675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with altered plasma and erythrocyte lipid profiles. In a previous study, SCD mice with deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) were observed to have more severe anemia and increased sickling compared to control SCD mice. Although PCSK9 affects circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL) by regulation of the LDL receptor, the effect of PCSK9 on anemia was independent of LDL receptor expression. In the current study, erythrocyte metabolomics were performed and revealed altered erythrocyte lipid species between SCD mice with and without PCSK9. Of particular interest, the late endosome-specific lipid bis(mono)acylglycerol phosphate (BMP) 44:12 was markedly decreased in erythrocytes from SCD mice deficient in PCSK9 mice relative to control SCD mice. Incubation of sickle erythrocytes with a neutralizing antibody to BMP increased erythrocyte sickling in vitro. In vitro treatment of SCD erythrocytes with amiodarone (1.5 μM) or medroxyprogesterone (6.75 μM), two pharmacologic compounds known to increase BMP, resulted in reduced erythrocyte sickling. Treatment of SCD mice with amiodarone (10 mg/kg) for 2 weeks resulted in increased BMP, improvement in anemia with reduced reticulocytosis, and decreased ex vivo sickling. In conclusion, severity of anemia in SCD is improved with amiodarone treatment, an effect which may be mediated through increased erythrocyte BMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Venugopal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division, 7301A MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
| | - Jintao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division, 7301A MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
| | - Chiao Guo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division, 7301A MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA
| | - Daniel T Eitzman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan Internal Medicine-Cardiology Division, 7301A MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0644, USA.
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19
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Moriconi C, Dzieciatkowska M, Roy M, D'Alessandro A, Roingeard P, Lee JY, Gibb DR, Tredicine M, McGill MA, Qiu A, La Carpia F, Francis RO, Hod EA, Thomas T, Picard M, Akpan IJ, Luckey CJ, Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL, Hudson KE. Retention of functional mitochondria in mature red blood cells from patients with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:574-586. [PMID: 35670632 PMCID: PMC9329257 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder characterized by sickled red blood cells (RBCs), which are more sensitive to haemolysis and can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Although treatment of SCD can include RBC transfusion, patients with SCD have high rates of alloimmunization. We hypothesized that RBCs from patients with SCD have functionally active mitochondria and can elicit a type 1 interferon response. We evaluated blood samples from more than 100 patients with SCD and found elevated frequencies of mitochondria in reticulocytes and mature RBCs, as compared to healthy blood donors. The presence of mitochondria in mature RBCs was confirmed by flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and proteomic analysis. The mitochondria in mature RBCs were metabolically competent, as determined by enzymatic activities and elevated levels of mitochondria-derived metabolites. Metabolically-active mitochondria in RBCs may increase oxidative stress, which could facilitate and/or exacerbate SCD complications. Coculture of mitochondria-positive RBCs with neutrophils induced production of type 1 interferons, which are known to increase RBC alloimmunization rates. These data demonstrate that mitochondria retained in mature RBCs are functional and can elicit immune responses, suggesting that inappropriate retention of mitochondria in RBCs may play an underappreciated role in SCD complications and be an RBC alloimmunization risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moriconi
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Micaela Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259 and Electron Microscopy Facility, Université de Tours and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - June Young Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David R Gibb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria Tredicine
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marlon A McGill
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Annie Qiu
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Francesca La Carpia
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Richard O Francis
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Eldad A Hod
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Imo J Akpan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Chance John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James C Zimring
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Laboratory of Transfusion Biology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
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20
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Quezado ZMN, Kamimura S, Smith M, Wang X, Heaven MR, Jana S, Vogel S, Zerfas P, Combs CA, Almeida LEF, Li Q, Quezado M, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Kosinski PA, Yu S, Kapadnis U, Kung C, Dang L, Wakim P, Eaton WA, Alayash AI, Thein SL. Mitapivat increases ATP and decreases oxidative stress and erythrocyte mitochondria retention in a SCD mouse model. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2022; 95:102660. [PMID: 35366607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2022.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to erythrocyte sickling. Enhancing activity of the erythrocyte glycolytic pathway has anti-sickling potential as this reduces 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and increases ATP, factors that decrease HbS polymerization and improve erythrocyte membrane integrity. These factors can be modulated by mitapivat, which activates erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) and improves sickling kinetics in SCD patients. We investigated mechanisms by which mitapivat may impact SCD by examining its effects in the Townes SCD mouse model. Control (HbAA) and sickle (HbSS) mice were treated with mitapivat or vehicle. Surprisingly, HbSS had higher PKR protein, higher ATP, and lower 2,3-DPG levels, compared to HbAA mice, in contrast with humans with SCD, in whom 2,3-DPG is elevated compared to healthy subjects. Despite our inability to investigate 2,3-DPG-mediated sickling and hemoglobin effects, mitapivat yielded potential benefits in HbSS mice. Mitapivat further increased ATP without significantly changing 2,3-DPG or hemoglobin levels, and decreased levels of leukocytosis, erythrocyte oxidative stress, and the percentage of erythrocytes that retained mitochondria in HbSS mice. These data suggest that, even though Townes HbSS mice have increased PKR activity, further activation of PKR with mitapivat yields potentially beneficial effects that are independent of changes in sickling or hemoglobin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghann Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xunde Wang
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Heaven
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sirsendu Jana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iren Horkayne-Szakaly
- Neuropathology and Ophthalmic Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Shaoxia Yu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Charles Kung
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul Wakim
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William A Eaton
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Dussouchaud A, Jacob J, Secq C, Verbavatz JM, Moras M, Larghero J, Fader CM, Ostuni MA, Lefevre SD. Transmission Electron Microscopy to Follow Ultrastructural Modifications of Erythroblasts Upon ex vivo Human Erythropoiesis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:791691. [PMID: 35222062 PMCID: PMC8864112 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout mammal erythroid differentiation, erythroblasts undergo enucleation and organelle clearance becoming mature red blood cell. Organelles are cleared by autophagic pathways non-specifically targeting organelles and cytosolic content or by specific mitophagy targeting mitochondria. Mitochondrial functions are essential to coordinate metabolism reprogramming, cell death, and differentiation balance, and also synthesis of heme, the prosthetic group needed in hemoglobin assembly. In mammals, mitochondria subcellular localization and mitochondria interaction with other structures as endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus might be of importance for the removal of the nucleus, that is, the enucleation. Here, we aim to characterize by electron microscopy the changes in ultrastructure of cells over successive stages of human erythroblast differentiation. We focus on mitochondria to gain insights into intracellular localization, ultrastructure, and contact with other organelles. We found that mitochondria are progressively cleared with a significant switch between PolyE and OrthoE stages, acquiring a rounded shape and losing contact sites with both ER (MAM) and nucleus (NAM). We studied intracellular vesicle trafficking and found that endosomes and MVBs, known to be involved in iron traffic and heme synthesis, are increased during BasoE to PolyE transition; autophagic structures such as autophagosomes increase from ProE to OrthoE stages. Finally, consistent with metabolic switch, glycogen accumulation was observed in OrthoE stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dussouchaud
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Julieta Jacob
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Charles Secq
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | | | - Martina Moras
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- CNRS, UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claudio M. Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariano A. Ostuni
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Sophie D. Lefevre
- Université de Paris and Université des Antilles, INSERM, BIGR, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie D. Lefevre,
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22
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Buks R, Dagher T, Rotordam MG, Monedero Alonso D, Cochet S, Gautier EF, Chafey P, Cassinat B, Kiladjian JJ, Becker N, Plo I, Egée S, El Nemer W. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Red Blood Cells of Polycythemia Vera Patients Following Disturbed Organelle Sorting during Terminal Erythropoiesis. Cells 2021; 11:49. [PMID: 35011611 PMCID: PMC8750512 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 95% of Polycythemia Vera (PV) patients carry the V617F mutation in the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), resulting in uncontrolled erythroid proliferation and a high risk of thrombosis. Using mass spectrometry, we analyzed the RBC membrane proteome and showed elevated levels of multiple Ca2+ binding proteins as well as endoplasmic-reticulum-residing proteins in PV RBC membranes compared with RBC membranes from healthy individuals. In this study, we investigated the impact of JAK2V617F on (1) calcium homeostasis and RBC ion channel activity and (2) protein expression and sorting during terminal erythroid differentiation. Our data from automated patch-clamp show modified calcium homeostasis in PV RBCs and cell lines expressing JAK2V617F, with a functional impact on the activity of the Gárdos channel that could contribute to cellular dehydration. We show that JAK2V617F could play a role in organelle retention during the enucleation step of erythroid differentiation, resulting in modified whole cell proteome in reticulocytes and RBCs in PV patients. Given the central role that calcium plays in the regulation of signaling pathways, our study opens new perspectives to exploring the relationship between JAK2V617F, calcium homeostasis, and cellular abnormalities in myeloproliferative neoplasms, including cellular interactions in the bloodstream in relation to thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralfs Buks
- BIGR, UMR_S1134, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (R.B.); (S.C.)
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Tracy Dagher
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- U1287, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Giustina Rotordam
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80339 Munich, Germany; (M.G.R.); (N.B.)
- Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstr. 100, DE-66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - David Monedero Alonso
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR LBI2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- BIGR, UMR_S1134, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (R.B.); (S.C.)
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Emilie-Fleur Gautier
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- Institut Imagine-INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
- Proteomics Platform 3P5, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104 Paris, France;
| | - Philippe Chafey
- Proteomics Platform 3P5, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104 Paris, France;
| | - Bruno Cassinat
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- IRSL, U1131, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, AP-HP, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Kiladjian
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- IRSL, U1131, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
- Centre d’Investigations Cliniques, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Becker
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, 80339 Munich, Germany; (M.G.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Isabelle Plo
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- U1287, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Egée
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR LBI2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- BIGR, UMR_S1134, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France; (R.B.); (S.C.)
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France; (T.D.); (D.M.A.); (E.-F.G.); (B.C.); (J.-J.K.); (I.P.); (S.E.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, F-13005Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, EFS, CNRS, ADES, “Biologie des Groupes Sanguins”, F-13005 Marseille, France
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23
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Wang Q, Zennadi R. The Role of RBC Oxidative Stress in Sickle Cell Disease: From the Molecular Basis to Pathologic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101608. [PMID: 34679742 PMCID: PMC8533084 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic disorder and the most common severe hemoglobinopathy in the world. SCD is characterized by a point mutation in the β-globin gene, which results in hemoglobin (Hb) S production, leading to a variety of mechanistic and phenotypic changes within the sickle red blood cell (RBC). In SCD, the sickle RBCs are the root cause of the disease and they are a primary source of oxidative stress since sickle RBC redox state is compromised due to an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. This imbalance in redox state is a result of a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the sickle RBC caused by the constant endogenous Hb autoxidation and NADPH oxidase activation, as well as by a deficiency in the antioxidant defense system. Accumulation of non-neutralized ROS within the sickle RBCs affects RBC membrane structure and function, leading to membrane integrity deficiency, low deformability, phosphatidylserine exposure, and release of micro-vesicles. These oxidative stress-associated RBC phenotypic modifications consequently evoke a myriad of physiological changes involved in multi-system manifestations. Thus, RBC oxidative stress in SCD can ultimately instigate major processes involved in organ damage. The critical role of the sickle RBC ROS production and its regulation in SCD pathophysiology are discussed here.
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24
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Kassa T, Whalin JG, Richards MP, Alayash AI. Caffeic acid: an antioxidant with novel antisickling properties. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3293-3303. [PMID: 34510823 PMCID: PMC8634858 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that caffeic acid (3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid) (CA) interacts with and inhibits the oxidative reactions of myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb), and this interaction underlies its antioxidative action in meat. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is known for its tendency to oxidize more readily than normal HbA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which leads to a more persistent and highly oxidizing ferryl Hb (HbFe4+). We have investigated the effects of CA on HbS oxidation intermediates, specifically on the ferric/ferryl forms. At a low concentration of H2O2 (0.5‐fold over heme), we observed a fivefold reduction in the amount of HbFe4+ accumulated in a mixture of ferric and H2O2 solution. Higher levels of H2O2 (onefold and twofold over heme) led to a lesser threefold and twofold reduction in the content of HbFe4+, respectively, possibly due to the saturation of the binding sites on the Hb molecule. The most intriguing finding was that when 5‐molar excess CA over heme was used, and a considerable increase in the delay time of HbS polymerization to approximately 200 s was observed. This delay in polymerization of HbS is theoretically sufficient to avoid microcapillary blockage and prevent vasoconstrictions in vivo. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated that CA was more extensively covalently bonded to βCys93 than to βCys112 and αCys104. The dual antioxidant and antisickling properties of CA may be explored further to maximize its therapeutic potential in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - James G Whalin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Richards
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
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25
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Circulating mitochondrial DNA is a proinflammatory DAMP in sickle cell disease. Blood 2021; 137:3116-3126. [PMID: 33661274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) is driven by chronic inflammation fueled by damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). We show that elevated cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with SCD is not just a prognostic biomarker, it also contributes to the pathological inflammation. Within the elevated cfDNA, patients with SCD had a significantly higher ratio of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA)/cell-free nuclear DNA compared with healthy controls. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA in patient samples showed significantly disproportionately increased hypomethylation compared with healthy controls, and it was increased further in crises compared with steady-state. Using flow cytometry, structured illumination microscopy, and electron microscopy, we showed that circulating SCD red blood cells abnormally retained their mitochondria and, thus, are likely to be the source of the elevated cf-mtDNA in patients with SCD. Patient plasma containing high levels of cf-mtDNA triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that was substantially reduced by inhibition of TANK-binding kinase 1, implicating activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. cf-mtDNA is an erythrocytic DAMP, highlighting an underappreciated role for mitochondria in sickle pathology. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00081523, #NCT03049475, and #NCT00047996.
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26
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Pavan AR, Dos Santos JL. Advances in Sickle Cell Disease Treatments. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2008-2032. [PMID: 32520675 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200610175400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of red blood cells that is caused by a single mutation in the β -globin gene. The disease, which afflicts millions of patients worldwide mainly in low income countries, is characterized by high morbidity, mortality and low life expectancy. The new pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for SCD is urgent in order to promote treatments able to reduce patient's suffering and improve their quality of life. Since the FDA approval of HU in 1998, there have been few advances in discovering new drugs; however, in the last three years voxelotor, crizanlizumab, and glutamine have been approved as new therapeutic alternatives. In addition, new promising compounds have been described to treat the main SCD symptoms. Herein, focusing on drug discovery, we discuss new strategies to treat SCD that have been carried out in the last ten years to discover new, safe, and effective treatments. Moreover, non-pharmacological approaches, including red blood cell exchange, gene therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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27
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Martino S, Arlet JB, Odièvre MH, Jullien V, Moras M, Hattab C, Lefebvre T, Gouya L, Ostuni MA, Lefevre SD, Le Van Kim C. Deficient mitophagy pathways in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:988-993. [PMID: 33754349 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterised by chronic haemolysis and oxidative stress. Herein, we investigated 30 SCD patients and found 40% with elevated mitochondria levels (SS-mito+ ) in their mature red blood cells, while 60% exhibit similar mitochondria levels compared to the AA group (SS-mito- ). The SS-mito+ patients are characterised by higher reticulocytosis and total bilirubin levels, lower foetal haemoglobin, and non-functional mitochondria. Interestingly, we demonstrated decreased levels of mitophagy inducers, PINK1 and NIX, and higher levels of HSP90 chaperone in their red cells. Our results highlighted for the first time an abnormal retention of mitochondria in SCD linked with mitophagy-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suella Martino
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Arlet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Thalassémie et autres maladies rares du Globule Rouge et de l'érythropoïèse, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Odièvre
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Service de Pédiatrie Générale et Aval des Urgences, Centre de la Drépanocytose, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Jullien
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de référence Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Thalassémie et autres maladies rares du Globule Rouge et de l'érythropoïèse, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Martina Moras
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Claude Hattab
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation/CRI, Université de Paris, Inserm, Paris, France.,CRMR Porphyrie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP Nord - Université de Paris, Colombes, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation/CRI, Université de Paris, Inserm, Paris, France.,CRMR Porphyrie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, AP-HP Nord - Université de Paris, Colombes, France
| | - Mariano A Ostuni
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sophie D Lefevre
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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28
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Impact of arginine therapy on mitochondrial function in children with sickle cell disease during vaso-occlusive pain. Blood 2021; 136:1402-1406. [PMID: 32384147 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial function occurs in sickle cell disease (SCD), due in part to low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Arginine, the substrate for NO production, becomes acutely deficient in SCD patients with vaso-occlusive pain episodes (VOE). To determine if arginine improves mitochondrial function, 12 children with SCD-VOE (13.6 ± 3 years; 67% male; 75% hemoglobin-SS) were randomized to 1 of 3 arginine doses: (1) 100 mg/kg IV 3 times/day (TID); (2) loading dose (200 mg/kg) then 100 mg/kg TID; or (3) loading dose (200 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (300 mg/kg per day) until discharge. Platelet-rich plasma mitochondrial activity, protein expression, and protein-carbonyls were measured from emergency department (ED) presentation vs discharge. All VOE subjects at ED presentation had significantly decreased complex-V activity compared to a steady-state cohort. Notably, complex-V activity was increased at discharge in subjects from all 3 arginine-dosing schemes; greatest increase occurred with a loading dose (P < .001). Although complex-IV and citrate synthase activities were similar in VOE platelets vs steady state, enzyme activities were significantly increased in VOE subjects after arginine-loading dose treatment. Arginine also decreased protein-carbonyl levels across all treatment doses (P < .01), suggesting a decrease in oxidative stress. Arginine therapy increases mitochondrial activity and reduces oxidative stress in children with SCD/VOE. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02536170.
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Gbotosho OT, Kapetanaki MG, Kato GJ. The Worst Things in Life are Free: The Role of Free Heme in Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:561917. [PMID: 33584641 PMCID: PMC7873693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is a pathological feature of several diseases of diverse etiology such as hereditary anemias, malaria, and sepsis. A major complication of hemolysis involves the release of large quantities of hemoglobin into the blood circulation and the subsequent generation of harmful metabolites like labile heme. Protective mechanisms like haptoglobin-hemoglobin and hemopexin-heme binding, and heme oxygenase-1 enzymatic degradation of heme limit the toxicity of the hemolysis-related molecules. The capacity of these protective systems is exceeded in hemolytic diseases, resulting in high residual levels of hemolysis products in the circulation, which pose a great oxidative and proinflammatory risk. Sickle cell disease (SCD) features a prominent hemolytic anemia which impacts the phenotypic variability and disease severity. Not only is circulating heme a potent oxidative molecule, but it can act as an erythrocytic danger-associated molecular pattern (eDAMP) molecule which contributes to a proinflammatory state, promoting sickle complications such as vaso-occlusion and acute lung injury. Exposure to extracellular heme in SCD can also augment the expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with important consequences to enthothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion and pulmonary hypertension, and potentially the development of renal and cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on heme-induced mechanisms that are implicated in disease pathways, mainly in SCD. A special emphasis is given to heme-induced PlGF and IL-6 related mechanisms and their role in SCD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola T. Gbotosho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria G. Kapetanaki
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Kato
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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31
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Moras M, Hattab C, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Fader CM, Dussiot M, Larghero J, Le Van Kim C, Kinet S, Taylor N, Lefevre SD, Ostuni MA. Human erythroid differentiation requires VDAC1-mediated mitochondrial clearance. Haematologica 2021; 107:167-177. [PMID: 33406813 PMCID: PMC8719069 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.257121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroblast maturation in mammals is dependent on organelle clearance throughout terminal erythropoiesis. We studied the role of the outer mitochondrial membrane protein voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) in human terminal erythropoiesis. We show that short hairpin (shRNA)-mediated downregulation of VDAC1 accelerates erythroblast maturation. Thereafter, erythroblasts are blocked at the orthochromatic stage, exhibiting a significant decreased level of enucleation, concomitant with an increased cell death. We demonstrate that mitochondria clearance starts at the transition from basophilic to polychromatic erythroblast, and that VDAC1 downregulation induces the mitochondrial retention. In damaged mitochondria from non-erythroid cells, VDAC1 was identified as a target for Parkin-mediated ubiquitination to recruit the phagophore. Here, we showed that VDAC1 is involved in phagophore’s membrane recruitment regulating selective mitophagy of still functional mitochondria from human erythroblasts. These findings demonstrate for the first time a crucial role for VDAC1 in human erythroblast terminal differentiation, regulating mitochondria clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Moras
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris
| | - Claude Hattab
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France; Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier
| | - Claudio M Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France; Université de Paris, UMR_S1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implication, Inserm, F-75014 Paris
| | - Jerome Larghero
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie cellulaire, Paris
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris
| | - Sandrina Kinet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France; Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris, France; Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sophie D Lefevre
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris.
| | - Mariano A Ostuni
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, F-75015 Paris, France; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F-75015, Paris.
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Bailey CP, Figueroa M, Gangadharan A, Lee DA, Chandra J. Scaffolding LSD1 Inhibitors Impair NK Cell Metabolism and Cytotoxic Function Through Depletion of Glutathione. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2196. [PMID: 33042135 PMCID: PMC7527493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies such as chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and NK cells are cutting-edge methods for treating cancer and other diseases. There is high interest in optimizing drug treatment regimens to best work together with emerging cell therapies, such as targeting epigenetic enzymes to stimulate recognition of tumor cells by immune cells. Herein, we uncover new mechanisms of the histone demethylase LSD1, and various inhibitors targeting unique domains of LSD1, in the function of NK cells grown for cell therapy. Catalytic inhibitors (tranylcypromine and the structural derivatives GSK LSD1 and RN-1) can irreversibly block the demethylase activity of LSD1, while scaffolding inhibitors (SP-2509 and clinical successor SP-2577, also known as seclidemstat) disrupt epigenetic complexes that include LSD1. Relevant combinations of LSD1 inhibitors with cell therapy infusions and immune checkpoint blockade have shown efficacy in pre-clinical solid tumor models, reinforcing a need to understand how these drugs would impact T- and NK cells. We find that scaffolding LSD1 inhibitors potently reduce oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis of NK cells, and higher doses induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione. These effects are unique to scaffolding inhibitors compared to catalytic, to NK cells compared to T-cells, and importantly, can fully ablate the lytic capacity of NK cells. Supplementation with biologically achievable levels of glutathione rescues NK cell cytolytic function but not NK cell metabolism. Our results suggest glutathione supplementation may reverse NK cell activity suppression in patients treated with seclidemstat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavan P Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary Figueroa
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Achintyan Gangadharan
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dean A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's and the Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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33
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Decoding the role of SOD2 in sickle cell disease. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2679-2687. [PMID: 31506286 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy caused by a single point mutation in the β-globin gene. As a consequence, deoxygenated hemoglobin polymerizes triggering red blood cell sickling and hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and ischemia/reperfusion. Allied to these pathologies is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species driven by hemoglobin Fenton chemistry and peroxidase reactions as well as by secondary activation of vascular oxidases, including NAD(P)H oxidase and xanthine oxidase. In addition, hypoxia, produced by sickle red blood cell occlusion, disrupts mitochondrial metabolism and generates excess superoxide through electron leak from the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In SCD, the antioxidant defense system is significantly diminished through decreased expression and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. From a translational perspective, genetic variants including a missense variant in SOD2 (valine to alanine at position 16) are present in 45% of people with African ancestry and are associated with increased sickle complications. While it is known that there is an imbalance between oxidative species and antioxidant defenses in SCD, much more investigation is warranted. This review summarizes our current understanding of antioxidant defense systems in SCD, particularly focused on SOD2, and provides insight into challenges and opportunities as the field moves forward.
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Post-translational modification as a response to cellular stress induced by hemoglobin oxidation in sickle cell disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14218. [PMID: 32848178 PMCID: PMC7450072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular oxidative stress and oxidative modification of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) play a role in sickle cell disease (SCD) pathogenesis. Recently, we reported that Hb-dependent oxidative stress induced post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Hb and red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins of transgenic SCD mice. To identify the mechanistic basis of these protein modifications, we followed in vitro oxidative changes occurring in intracellular Hb obtained from RBCs and RBC-derived microparticles (MPs) from the blood of 23 SCD patients (HbSS) of which 11 were on, and 12, off hydroxyurea (HU) treatment, and 5 ethnic matched controls. We used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to characterize these oxidative PTMs on a cross-sectional group of these patients (n = 4) and a separate subgroup of patients (n = 2) studied prior to initiation and during HU treatment. Collectively, these data indicated that band-3 and its interaction network involved in MPs formation exhibited more protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination in SCD patients than in controls. HU treatment reversed these oxidative PTMs back to level observed in controls. These PTMs were also confirmed using orthogonal immunoprecipitation experiments. Moreover, we observed specific markers reflective of oxidative stress, including irreversible oxidation of βCys93 and ubiquitination of Hb βLys145 (and βLys96). Overall, these studies strongly suggest that extensive erythrocyte membrane protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination are involved in SCD pathogenesis and provide further insight into the multifaceted effects of HU treatment.
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35
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Öztaş Y, Boşgelmez İİ. Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease and emerging roles for antioxidants in treatment strategies. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815972-9.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Manolova V, Nyffenegger N, Flace A, Altermatt P, Varol A, Doucerain C, Sundstrom H, Dürrenberger F. Oral ferroportin inhibitor ameliorates ineffective erythropoiesis in a model of β-thalassemia. J Clin Invest 2019; 130:491-506. [PMID: 31638596 PMCID: PMC6934209 DOI: 10.1172/jci129382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is a genetic anemia caused by partial or complete loss of β-globin synthesis, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and RBCs with a short life span. Currently, there is no efficacious oral medication modifying anemia for patients with β-thalassemia. The inappropriately low levels of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin enable excessive iron absorption by ferroportin, the unique cellular iron exporter in mammals, leading to organ iron overload and associated morbidities. Correction of unbalanced iron absorption and recycling by induction of hepcidin synthesis or treatment with hepcidin mimetics ameliorates β-thalassemia. However, hepcidin modulation or replacement strategies currently in clinical development all require parenteral drug administration. We identified oral ferroportin inhibitors by screening a library of small molecular weight compounds for modulators of ferroportin internalization. Restricting iron availability by VIT-2763, the first clinical stage oral ferroportin inhibitor, ameliorated anemia and the dysregulated iron homeostasis in the Hbbth3/+ mouse model of β-thalassemia intermedia. VIT-2763 not only improved erythropoiesis but also corrected the proportions of myeloid precursors in spleens of Hbbth3/+ mice. VIT-2763 is currently being developed as an oral drug targeting ferroportin for the treatment of β-thalassemia.
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Carden MA, Fasano RM, Meier ER. Not all red cells sickle the same: Contributions of the reticulocyte to disease pathology in sickle cell anemia. Blood Rev 2019; 40:100637. [PMID: 31735458 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with morbidity and early death. While the switch from fetal to sickle hemoglobin during the first months of life results in hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis, the role of the reticulocyte in the pathophysiology and prognosis of SCA is not well-defined. Reticulocytes have unique cytoskeletal and membrane components that allow them to be distinguished from mature sickle erythrocytes in the circulation. Reticulocytes in patients with SCA are less dense than more mature and 'sickled' erythrocytes, and have increased adhesive properties. The circulating reticulocyte number in peripheral blood may assist in predicting disease severity in SCA; characterization of patient-specific reticulocyte properties during infancy and childhood may assist in predicting therapeutic response to therapies. Here, we review the biological and clinical data regarding reticulocytes and their potential impact on SCA pathophysiology and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Carden
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, 170 Manning Drive, POB-CB#7236, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
| | - Ross M Fasano
- Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Emily Riehm Meier
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, 8326 Naab Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46220, USA.
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Saunthararajah Y. Targeting sickle cell disease root-cause pathophysiology with small molecules. Haematologica 2019; 104:1720-1730. [PMID: 31399526 PMCID: PMC6717594 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.207530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex, frequently devastating, multi-organ pathophysiology of sickle cell disease has a single root cause: polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin. A logical approach to disease modification is, therefore, to interdict this root cause. Ideally, such interdiction would utilize small molecules that are practical and accessible for worldwide application. Two types of such small molecule strategies are actively being evaluated in the clinic. The first strategy intends to shift red blood cell precursor hemoglobin manufacturing away from sickle hemoglobin and towards fetal hemoglobin, which inhibits sickle hemoglobin polymerization by a number of mechanisms. The second strategy intends to chemically modify sickle hemoglobin directly in order to inhibit its polymerization. Important lessons have been learnt from the pre-clinical and clinical evaluations to date. Open questions remain, but this review summarizes the valuable experience and knowledge already gained, which can guide ongoing and future efforts for molecular mechanism-based, practical and accessible disease modification of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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39
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Kassa T, Wood F, Strader MB, Alayash AI. Antisickling Drugs Targeting βCys93 Reduce Iron Oxidation and Oxidative Changes in Sickle Cell Hemoglobin. Front Physiol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31396101 PMCID: PMC6668304 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a single point mutation in the β globin gene where glutamic acid is replaced by valine at the sixth position of the β chain of hemoglobin (Hb). At low oxygen tension, the polymerization of deoxyHbS into fibers occurs in red blood cells (RBCs) leading to an impaired blood vessel transit. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), when oxidized with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), stays longer in a highly oxidizing ferryl (Fe4+) form causing irreversible oxidation of βCys93 to a destabilizing cysteic acid. We have previously reported that an antisickling drug can be designed to bind specifically to βCys93 and effectively protect against its irreversible oxidation by H2O2. Here, we report oxygen dissociation, oxidation, and polymerization kinetic reactions for four antisickling drugs (under different preclinical/clinical developmental stages) that either site-specifically target βCys93 or other sites on the HbS molecule. Molecules that specifically bind to or modify βCys93, such as 4,4′-di(1,2,3-triazolyl) disulfide (TD-3) and hydroxyurea (HU) were contrasted with molecules that target other sites on Hb including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) and L-glutamine. All reagents induced a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) except L-glutamine. In the presence of H2O2 (2.5:1, H2O2:heme), both TD-3 and HU reduced the ferryl heme by 22 and 37%, respectively, which corresponded to a 3- to 2-fold reduction in the levels of βCys93 oxidation as verified by mass spectrometry. Increases in the delay times prior to polymerization of HbS under hypoxia were in the following order: TD-3 > HU > 5-HMF = L-glutamine. Designing antisickling agents that can specifically target βCys93 may provide a dual antioxidant and antisickling therapeutic benefits in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Francine Wood
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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40
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Telen MJ, Malik P, Vercellotti GM. Therapeutic strategies for sickle cell disease: towards a multi-agent approach. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:139-158. [PMID: 30514970 PMCID: PMC6645400 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For over 100 years, clinicians and scientists have been unravelling the consequences of the A to T substitution in the β-globin gene that produces haemoglobin S, which leads to the systemic manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD), including vaso-occlusion, anaemia, haemolysis, organ injury and pain. However, despite growing understanding of the mechanisms of haemoglobin S polymerization and its effects on red blood cells, only two therapies for SCD - hydroxyurea and L-glutamine - are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, these treatment options do not fully address the manifestations of SCD, which arise from a complex network of interdependent pathophysiological processes. In this article, we review efforts to develop new drugs targeting these processes, including agents that reactivate fetal haemoglobin, anti-sickling agents, anti-adhesion agents, modulators of ischaemia-reperfusion and oxidative stress, agents that counteract free haemoglobin and haem, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-thrombotic agents and anti-platelet agents. We also discuss gene therapy, which holds promise of a cure, although its widespread application is currently limited by technical challenges and the expense of treatment. We thus propose that developing systems-oriented multi-agent strategies on the basis of SCD pathophysiology is needed to improve the quality of life and survival of people with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and the Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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41
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Meng F, Kassa T, Strader MB, Soman J, Olson JS, Alayash AI. Substitutions in the β subunits of sickle-cell hemoglobin improve oxidative stability and increase the delay time of sickle-cell fiber formation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4145-4159. [PMID: 30630954 PMCID: PMC6422104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
After reacting with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS, βE6V) remains longer in a highly oxidizing ferryl form (HbFe4+=O) and induces irreversible oxidation of “hot-spot” amino acids, including βCys-93. To control the damaging ferryl heme, here we constructed three HbS variants. The first contained a redox-active Tyr in β subunits (F41Y), a substitution present in Hb Mequon; the second contained the Asp (K82D) found in the β cleft of Hb Providence; and the third had both of these β substitutions. Both the single Tyr-41 and Asp-82 constructs lowered the oxygen affinity of HbS but had little or no effects on autoxidation or heme loss kinetics. In the presence of H2O2, both rHbS βF41Y and βF41Y/K82D enhanced ferryl Hb reduction by providing a pathway for electrons to reduce the heme via the Tyr-41 side chain. MS analysis of βCys-93 revealed moderate inhibition of thiol oxidation in the HbS single F41Y variant and dramatic 3- to 8-fold inhibition of cysteic acid formation in rHbS βK82D and βF41Y/K82D, respectively. Under hypoxia, βK82D and βF41Y/K82D HbS substitutions increased the delay time by ∼250 and 600 s before the onset of polymerization compared with the rHbS control and rHbS βF41Y, respectively. Moreover, at 60 °C, rHbS βK82D exhibited superior structural stability. Asp-82 also enhanced the function of Tyr as a redox-active amino acid in the rHbS βF41Y/K82D variant. We conclude that the βK82D and βF41Y substitutions add significant resistance to oxidative stress and anti-sickling properties to HbS and therefore could be potential genome-editing targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Meng
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Tigist Kassa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
| | - Jayashree Soman
- the BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - John S Olson
- the BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 and
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42
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Moerdler S, Manwani D. New insights into the pathophysiology and development of novel therapies for sickle cell disease. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2018; 2018:493-506. [PMID: 30504350 PMCID: PMC6245971 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the seminal event in sickle cell disease is the polymerization of abnormal hemoglobin, the downstream pathophysiology of vasoocclusion results from heterotypic interactions between the altered, adhesive sickle cell red blood cells, neutrophils, endothelium, and platelets. Ischemia reperfusion injury, hemolysis, and oxidant damage all contribute to heightened inflammation and activation of the hemostatic system. These various pathways are the focus of emerging treatments with potential to ameliorate disease manifestations. This review summarizes the considerable progress in development of these agents despite challenges in selection of study end points and complex pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Moerdler
- Children’s Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Children’s Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; and
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Marrow and Blood Cell Transplantation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Jana S, Strader MB, Meng F, Hicks W, Kassa T, Tarandovskiy I, De Paoli S, Simak J, Heaven MR, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM, Alayash AI. Hemoglobin oxidation-dependent reactions promote interactions with band 3 and oxidative changes in sickle cell-derived microparticles. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120451. [PMID: 30385713 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation to RBC-derived microparticle (MP) formation is poorly defined in sickle cell disease (SCD). Here we report that sickle Hb (HbS) oxidation, coupled with changes in cytosolic antioxidative proteins, is associated with membrane alterations and MP formation in homozygous Townes-sickle cell (Townes-SS) mice. Photometric and proteomic analyses confirmed the presence of high levels of Hb oxidation intermediates (ferric/ferryl) and consequent β-globin posttranslational modifications, including the irreversible oxidation of βCys93 and the ubiquitination of βLys96 and βLys145. This is the first report to our knowledge to link the UPS (via ubiquitinated Hb and other proteins) to oxidative stress. Ferryl Hb also induced complex formation with band 3 and RBC membrane proteins. Incubation of Townes-SS MPs with human endothelial cells caused greater loss of monolayer integrity, apoptotic activation, heme oxygenase-1 induction, and concomitant bioenergetic imbalance compared with control Townes-AA MPs. MPs obtained from Townes-SS mice treated with hydroxyurea produced fewer posttranslational Hb modifications. In vitro, hydroxyurea reduced the levels of ferryl Hb and shielded its target residue, βCys93, by a process of S-nitrosylation. These mechanistic analyses suggest potential antioxidative therapeutic modalities that may interrupt MP heme-mediated pathophysiology in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fantao Meng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and
| | - Wayne Hicks
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and
| | - Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology and
| | | | - Silvia De Paoli
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Simak
- Laboratory of Cellular Hematology, Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Dang H, Song B, Dong R, Zhang H. Atorvastatin reverses the dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by angiotensin II. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5286-5297. [PMID: 30542486 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins exert pleiotropic effects on endothelial cells, in addition to lowering cholesterol. This study evaluated angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the effects of atorvastatin (Ator) on induced HUVECs in vitro. The cytotoxicity of Ang II and Ator was determined by the MTT assay. A series of cellular responses were screened, including oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, inflammatory response, autophagy, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the angiogenic function of HUVECs. Ator returned these cellular responses to a normal level. The present study also examined cellular organelle dysfunction. In HUVECs, Ang II triggered mitochondrial damage, as demonstrated by a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, while Ator attenuated this Ang II-induced damage. The observed cellular dysfunction may cause endothelial senescence due to excessive cell injury. The current study examined several aging markers, which revealed that these disorders of cellular functions triggered endothelial senescence, which was delayed by Ator. Ator also suppressed Ang II-induced angiogenesis damage. The data presented in this study strongly suggested that Ang II induced a series of processes that lead to cellular dysfunction in HUVECs, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage, leading to apoptosis and endothelial senescence. However, Ator significantly reversed these effects and modulated intracellular stability. The present study indicated that Ator serves an antagonistic role against HUVEC dysfunction and may potentially prevent several diseases, including coronary disease and atherosclerosis, by maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bangrong Song
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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45
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Rivers A, Jagadeeswaran R, Lavelle D. Potential role of LSD1 inhibitors in the treatment of sickle cell disease: a review of preclinical animal model data. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R840-R847. [PMID: 30067082 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00440.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a mutation of the β-globin gene (Ingram VM. Nature 180: 326-328, 1957), which triggers the polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Approximately 100,000 SCD patients in the United States and millions worldwide (Piel FB, et al. PLoS Med 10: e1001484, 2013) suffer from chronic hemolytic anemia, painful crises, multisystem organ damage, and reduced life expectancy (Rees DC, et al. Lancet 376: 2018-2031, 2010; Serjeant GR. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 3: a011783, 2013). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be curative, but the majority of patients do not have a suitable donor (Talano JA, Cairo MS. Eur J Haematol 94: 391-399, 2015). Advanced gene-editing technologies also offer the possibility of a cure (Goodman MA, Malik P. Ther Adv Hematol 7: 302-315, 2016; Lettre G, Bauer DE. Lancet 387: 2554-2564, 2016), but the likelihood that these strategies can be mobilized to treat the large numbers of patients residing in developing countries is remote. A pharmacological treatment to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) as a therapy for SCD has been a long-sought goal, because increased levels of HbF (α2γ2) inhibit the polymerization of HbS (Poillin WN, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5039-5043, 1993; Sunshine HR, et al. J Mol Biol 133: 435-467, 1979) and are associated with reduced symptoms and increased lifespan of SCD patients (Platt OS, et al. N Engl J Med 330: 1639-1644, 1994; Platt OS, et al. N Engl J Med 325: 11-16, 1991). Only two drugs, hydroxyurea and l-glutamine, are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of SCD. Hydroxyurea is ineffective at HbF induction in ~50% of patients (Charache S, et al. N Engl J Med 332: 1317-1322, 1995). While polymerization of HbS has been traditionally considered the driving force in the hemolysis of SCD, the excessive reactive oxygen species generated from red blood cells, with further amplification by intravascular hemolysis, also are a major contributor to SCD pathology. This review highlights a new class of drugs, lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1) inhibitors, that induce HbF and reduce reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald Lavelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
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Lavelle D, Engel JD, Saunthararajah Y. Fetal Hemoglobin Induction by Epigenetic Drugs. Semin Hematol 2018; 55:60-67. [PMID: 29958562 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) inhibits the root cause of sickle pathophysiology, sickle hemoglobin polymerization. Individuals who naturally express high levels of HbF beyond infancy thus receive some protection from sickle complications. To mimic this natural genetic experiment using drugs, one guiding observation was that HbF is increased during recovery of bone marrow from extreme stress. This led to evaluation and approval of the cytotoxic (cell killing) drug hydroxyurea to treat sickle cell disease. Cytotoxic approaches are limited in potency and sustainability, however, since they require hematopoietic reserves sufficient to repeatedly mount recoveries from stress that destroys their counterparts, and such reserves are finite. HbF induction even by stress ultimately involves chromatin remodeling of the gene for HbF (HBG), therefore, a logical alternative approach is to directly inhibit epigenetic enzymes that repress HBG-implicated enzymes include DNA methyltransferase 1, histone deacetylases, lysine demethylase 1, protein arginine methyltransferase 5, euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 and chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4. Clinical proof-of-principle that this alternative, noncytotoxic approach can generate substantial HbF and total hemoglobin increases has already been generated. Thus, with continued careful attention to fundamental biological and pharmacologic considerations (reviewed herein), there is potential that rational, molecular-targeted, safe and highly potent disease-modifying therapy can be realized for patients with sickle cell disease, with the accessibility and cost-effective properties needed for world-wide effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Lavelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Targeting histone methyltransferase and demethylase in acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 11:131-155. [PMID: 29343972 PMCID: PMC5749389 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s145971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder of myeloid progenitors characterized by the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities, somatic mutations, and epigenetic changes that determine a consistent degree of biological and clinical heterogeneity. Advances in genomic technologies have increasingly shown the complexity and heterogeneity of genetic and epigenetic alterations in AML. Among the genetic alterations occurring in AML, frequent are the genetic alterations at the level of various genes involved in the epigenetic control of the DNA methylome and histone methylome. In fact, genes involved in DNA demethylation (such as DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1, and IDH2) or histone methylation and demethylation (EZH2, MLL, DOT1L) are frequently mutated in primary and secondary AML. Furthermore, some histone demethylases, such as LSD1, are frequently overexpressed in AML. These observations have strongly supported a major role of dysregulated epigenetic regulatory processes in leukemia onset and development. This conclusion was further supported by the observation that mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers, such as DMT3A, ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, and IDH2, are usually acquired early and are present in the founding leukemic clone. These observations have contributed to development of the idea that targeting epigenetic abnormalities could represent a potentially promising strategy for the development of innovative treatments of AML. In this review, we analyze those proteins and their inhibitors that have already reached the first stages of clinical trials in AML, namely the histone methyltransferase DOT1L, the demethylase LSD1, and the MLL-interacting protein menin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Moras M, Lefevre SD, Ostuni MA. From Erythroblasts to Mature Red Blood Cells: Organelle Clearance in Mammals. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1076. [PMID: 29311991 PMCID: PMC5742207 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis occurs mostly in bone marrow and ends in blood stream. Mature red blood cells are generated from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, through a complex maturation process involving several morphological changes to produce a highly functional specialized cells. In mammals, terminal steps involved expulsion of the nucleus from erythroblasts that leads to the formation of reticulocytes. In order to produce mature biconcave red blood cells, organelles and ribosomes are selectively eliminated from reticulocytes as well as the plasma membrane undergoes remodeling. The mechanisms involved in these last maturation steps are still under investigation. Enucleation involves dramatic chromatin condensation and establishment of the nuclear polarity, which is driven by a rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton and the clathrin-dependent generation of vacuoles at the nuclear-cytoplasmic junction. This process is favored by interaction between the erythroblasts and macrophages at the erythroblastic island. Mitochondria are eliminated by mitophagy. This is a macroautophagy pathway consisting in the engulfment of mitochondria into a double-membrane structure called autophagosome before degradation. Several mice knock-out models were developed to identify mitophagy-involved proteins during erythropoiesis, but whole mechanisms are not completely determined. Less is known concerning the clearance of other organelles, such as smooth and rough ER, Golgi apparatus and ribosomes. Understanding the modulators of organelles clearance in erythropoiesis may elucidate the pathogenesis of different dyserythropoietic diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome, leukemia and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariano A. Ostuni
- UMR-S1134 Integrated Biology of Red Blood Cell, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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49
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Targeting novel mechanisms of pain in sickle cell disease. Blood 2017; 130:2377-2385. [PMID: 29187376 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-782003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from intense pain that can start during infancy and increase in severity throughout life, leading to hospitalization and poor quality of life. A unique feature of SCD is vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) characterized by episodic, recurrent, and unpredictable episodes of acute pain. Microvascular obstruction during a VOC leads to impaired oxygen supply to the periphery and ischemia reperfusion injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which may perpetuate a noxious microenvironment leading to pain. In addition to episodic acute pain, patients with SCD also report chronic pain. Current treatment of moderate to severe pain in SCD is mostly reliant upon opioids; however, long-term use of opioids is associated with multiple side effects. This review presents up-to-date developments in our understanding of the pathobiology of pain in SCD. To help focus future research efforts, major gaps in knowledge are identified regarding how sickle pathobiology evokes pain, pathways specific to chronic and acute sickle pain, perception-based targets of "top-down" mechanisms originating from the brain and neuromodulation, and how pain affects the sickle microenvironment and pathophysiology. This review also describes mechanism-based targets that may help develop novel therapeutic and/or preventive strategies to ameliorate pain in SCD.
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50
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Jagadeeswaran R, Rivers A. Evolving treatment paradigms in sickle cell disease. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2017; 2017:440-446. [PMID: 29222291 PMCID: PMC6142561 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2017.1.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inheritable hemoglobinopathy characterized by polymerization of hemoglobin S in red blood cells resulting in chronic hemolytic anemia, vaso-occlusive painful crisis, and multiorgan damage. In SCD, an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occurs both inside the red blood cells and inside the vascular lumen, which augment hemolysis and cellular adhesion. This review discusses the evolving body of literature on the role of ROS in the pathophysiology of SCD as well as some emerging therapeutic approaches to SCD with a focus on the reduction of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Jagadeeswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Angela Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; and
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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