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Ren K, Pei J, Guo Y, Jiao Y, Xing H, Xie Y, Yang Y, Feng Q, Yang J. Regulated necrosis pathways: a potential target for ischemic stroke. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad016. [PMID: 38026442 PMCID: PMC10656754 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ischemic stroke causes millions of deaths per year. The outcomes of ischemic stroke are largely determined by the amount of ischemia-related and reperfusion-related neuronal death in the infarct region. In the infarct region, cell injuries follow either the regulated pathway involving precise signaling cascades, such as apoptosis and autophagy, or the nonregulated pathway, which is uncontrolled by any molecularly defined effector mechanisms such as necrosis. However, numerous studies have recently found that a certain type of necrosis can be regulated and potentially modified by drugs and is nonapoptotic; this type of necrosis is referred to as regulated necrosis. Depending on the signaling pathway, various elements of regulated necrosis contribute to the development of ischemic stroke, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, pathanatos, mitochondrial permeability transition pore-mediated necrosis and oncosis. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms of regulated necrosis in ischemic stroke and explore the crosstalk and interplay among the diverse types of regulated necrosis. We believe that targeting these regulated necrosis pathways both pharmacologically and genetically in ischemia-induced neuronal death and protection could be an efficient strategy to increase neuronal survival and regeneration in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No. 3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan No. 3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yuxue Jiao
- Quality Management Department, Henan No. 3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan No. 3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center for Clinical System Biology, Translational Medicine Center, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Research Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, ErQi District, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Larochelle J, Tishko RJ, Yang C, Ge Y, Phan LT, Gunraj RE, Stansbury SM, Liu L, Mohamadzadeh M, Khoshbouei H, Candelario-Jalil E. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) profoundly contributes to post-stroke neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits with microglia as unique perpetrators. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:221. [PMID: 37777791 PMCID: PMC10543871 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a serine/threonine kinase whose activity propagates inflammatory signaling through its association with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and subsequent TAK1, NF-κB, and MAPK pathway activation. After stroke, dead and dying cells release a host of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate PRRs and initiate a robust inflammatory response. We hypothesize that RIPK2 plays a damaging role in the progression of stroke injury by enhancing the neuroinflammatory response to stroke and that global genetic deletion or microglia-specific conditional deletion of Ripk2 will be protective following ischemic stroke. METHODS Adult (3-6 months) male mice were subjected to 45 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by 24 h, 48 h, or 28 days of reperfusion. Aged male and female mice (18-24 months) were subjected to permanent ischemic stroke and sacrificed 48 h later. Infarct volumes were calculated using TTC staining (24-48 h) or Cresyl violet staining (28d). Sensorimotor tests (weight grip, vertical grid, and open field) were performed at indicated timepoints. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, tight junction proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and neuroinflammatory markers were assessed via immunoblotting, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR. Differential gene expression profiles were generated through bulk RNA sequencing and nanoString®. RESULTS Global genetic deletion of Ripk2 resulted in decreased infarct sizes and reduced neuroinflammatory markers 24 h after stroke compared to wild-type controls. Ripk2 global deletion also improved both acute and long-term behavioral outcomes with powerful effects on reducing infarct volume and mortality at 28d post-stroke. Conditional deletion of microglial Ripk2 (mKO) partially recapitulated our results in global Ripk2 deficient mice, showing reductive effects on infarct volume and improved behavioral outcomes within 48 h of injury. Finally, bulk transcriptomic profiling and nanoString data demonstrated that Ripk2 deficiency in microglia decreases genes associated with MAPK and NF-κB signaling, dampening the neuroinflammatory response after stroke injury by reducing immune cell activation and peripheral immune cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a hitherto unknown role for RIPK2 in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke injury, with microglia playing a distinct role. This study identifies RIPK2 as a potent propagator of neuroinflammatory signaling, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for post-stroke intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Larochelle
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ryland J Tishko
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Leah T Phan
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rachel E Gunraj
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sofia M Stansbury
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1149 SW Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Wang JH, Lin FL, Chen J, Zhu L, Chuang YF, Tu L, Ma C, Ling D, Hewitt AW, Tseng CL, Shah MH, Bui BV, van Wijngaarden P, Dusting GJ, Wang PY, Liu GS. TAK1 blockade as a therapy for retinal neovascularization. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106617. [PMID: 36535572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization, or pathological angiogenesis in the retina, is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) activated by TGF-β1 and other proinflammatory cytokines. TAK1 is also a key mediator of proinflammatory signals and plays an important role in maintaining vascular integrity upon proinflammatory cytokine stimulation such as TNFα. However, its role in pathological angiogenesis, particularly in retinal neovascularization, remains unclear. Here, we investigate the regulatory role of TAK1 in human endothelial cells responding to inflammatory stimuli and in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) featured retinal neovascularization. Using TAK1 knockout human endothelial cells that subjected to inflammatory stimuli, transcriptome analysis revealed that TAK1 is required for activation of NFκB signaling and mediates its downstream gene expression related to endothelial activation and angiogenesis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol attenuated angiogenic activities of endothelial cells. Transcriptome analysis also revealed enrichment of TAK1-mediated NFκB signaling pathway in the retina of OIR rats and retinal neovascular membrane from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal injection of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol significantly reduced hypoxia-induced inflammation and microglial activation, thus attenuating aberrant retinal angiogenesis in OIR rats. Our data suggest that inhibition of TAK1 may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of retinal neovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510603, China
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510603, China
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Damien Ling
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Manisha H Shah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan 410015, China.
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Chen M, Zhao J, Ding X, Qin Y, Wu X, Li X, Wang L, Jiang G. Ketogenic diet and calorie-restricted diet attenuate ischemic brain injury via UBR4 and downstream CamkⅡ/TAK1/JNK signaling. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Xu X, Zhi T, Hua L, Jiang K, Chen C. IRAK4 exacerbates traumatic brain injury via activation of TAK1 signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:114007. [PMID: 35149117 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple signaling pathways contributing to the pathophysiological process have been investigated, treatments for traumatic brain injury (TBI) against present targets have not acquired significant clinical progress. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is an important factor involved in regulating immunity and inflammation. However, the role of IRAK4 in TBI still remains largely unknown. Therefore, using a controlled cortical impact model (CCI), we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of IRAK4 in the context of TBI. IRAK4 was found to be activated in a time-dependent manner after TBI and mainly expressed in neurons. Inhibition of IRAK4 by siRNAs could significantly alleviates neuroinflammation, neuron apoptosis, brain edema, brain-blood barrier (BBB) dysfunction and improves neurological deficit in the context of CCI. Mechanistically, IRAK4 exacerbates CCI via activation of TAK1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, PF-0665083, an IRAK4 inhibitor, inhibits phosphorylation of IRAK4 and attenuates CCI-induced secondary injury. It could be conclude that IRAK4 plays a critical role in TBI-induced secondary injury and the underlining mechanism may be related to activation of TAK1 signaling pathway. PF-0665083 may serve as a potential treatment strategy to relieve TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongle Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang JH, Tseng CL, Lin FL, Chen J, Hsieh EH, Lama S, Chuang YF, Kumar S, Zhu L, McGuinness MB, Hernandez J, Tu L, Wang PY, Liu GS. Topical application of TAK1 inhibitor encapsulated by gelatin particle alleviates corneal neovascularization. Theranostics 2022; 12:657-674. [PMID: 34976206 PMCID: PMC8692906 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a severe complication of various types of corneal diseases, that leads to permanent visual impairment. Current treatments for CoNV, such as steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, are argued over their therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CoNV. Methods: Angiogenic activities were assessed in ex vivo and in vitro models subjected to TAK1 inhibition by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, a selective inhibitor of TAK1. RNA-Seq was used to examine pathways that could be potentially affected by TAK1 inhibition. A gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was developed as the eyedrop to treat CoNV in a rodent model. Results: We showed that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol reduced angiogenic processes through impeding cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis suggested 5Z-7-oxozeaenol principally suppresses cell cycle and DNA replication, thereby restraining cell proliferation. In addition, inhibition of TAK1 by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked TNFα-mediated NFκB signalling, and its downstream genes related to angiogenesis and inflammation. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol also ameliorated pro-angiogenic activity, including endothelial migration and tube formation. Furthermore, topical administration of the gelatin-nanoparticles-encapsulated 5Z-7-oxozeaenol led to significantly greater suppression of CoNV in a mouse model compared to the free form of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, likely due to extended retention of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in the cornea. Conclusion: Our study shows the potential of TAK1 as a therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis, and the gelatin nanoparticle coupled with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol as a promising new eyedrop administration model in treatment of CoNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Li Lin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erh-Hsuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suraj Lama
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yu-Fan Chuang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Myra B. McGuinness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessika Hernandez
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leilei Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang Z, Ma T, Fu Z, Feng Y, Wang Z, Tian S, Liu Z, Wei W, Li X, Chen J, Zhao W. TBC1Domain Family Member 25 deficiency aggravates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway. J Neurochem 2021; 160:392-411. [PMID: 34837397 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TBC1Domain Family Member 25 (TBC1D25) is a protein that contains a TBC/RAB-GTPase activating protein (GAP) domain, which was shown to participate in autophagy in previous studies. However, the role of TBC1D25 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. In this study, we found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TBC1D25 decreased in mouse brain after I/R injury and primary cortical neurons treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Then TBC1D25 knockout (KO) mice were applied to demonstrate that TBC1D25 ablation aggravated cerebral I/R-induced neuronal loss and infarct size. In addition, neuronal apoptosis and inflammation were significantly potentiated in the TBC1D25-KO group. In in vitro OGD/R model, TBC1D25 knockdown can attenuate neuronal cell viability and aggravate the process of inflammation and apoptosis. Conversely, over-expression of TBC1D25 in primary neurons ameliorated the aforementioned processes. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was the most significant pathway that contributed to TBC1D25-mediated brain I/R injury process. Through experimental verification, TBC1D25 deficiency increased the phosphorylation of the transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 axis in neurons during the brain I/R injury. Furthermore, we found that TAK1 blockade abrogated the apoptosis and inflammatory response produced by TBC1D25 knockdown in vitro. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate the functional significance of TBC1D25 in the pathophysiology of brain I/R injury, and the protective mechanism of TBC1D25 is dependent on the TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.,Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
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Erythropoietin Abrogates Post-Ischemic Activation of the NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 Inflammasomes in Microglia/Macrophages in a TAK1-Dependent Manner. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:462-482. [PMID: 34628598 PMCID: PMC9046144 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are known to contribute to brain damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). TAK1 is predominantly expressed in microglial cells and can regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome, but its impact on other inflammasomes including NLRC4 and AIM2 after AIS remains elusive. EPO has been shown to reduce NLRP3 protein levels in different disease models. Whether EPO-mediated neuroprotection after AIS is conveyed via an EPO/TAK1/inflammasome axis in microglia remains to be clarified. Subjecting mice deficient for TAK1 in microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) to AIS revealed a significant reduction in infarct sizes and neurological impairments compared to the corresponding controls. Post-ischemic increased activation of TAK1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes including their associated downstream cascades were markedly reduced upon deletion of Mi/MΦ TAK1. EPO administration improved clinical outcomes and dampened stroke-induced activation of TAK1 and inflammasome cascades, which was not evident after the deletion of Mi/MΦ TAK1. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 in microglial BV-2 cells did not influence post-OGD IL-1β levels, but increased NLRC4 and AIM2 protein levels, suggesting compensatory activities among inflammasomes. Overall, we provide evidence that Mi/MΦ TAK1 regulates the expression and activation of the NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2 inflammasomes. Furthermore, EPO mitigated stroke-induced activation of TAK1 and inflammasomes, indicating that EPO conveyed neuroprotection might be mediated via an EPO/TAK1/inflammasome axis.
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Xu P, Tao C, Zhu Y, Wang G, Kong L, Li W, Li R, Li J, Zhang C, Wang L, Liu X, Sun W, Hu W. TAK1 mediates neuronal pyroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:188. [PMID: 34461942 PMCID: PMC8406585 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity can facilitate early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Numerous studies suggest that pyroptosis could exacerbate extracellular immune responses by promoting secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a quintessential kinase that positively regulates inflammation through NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades. However, the effects of TAK1 on neuroinflammation in EBI following SAH are largely unknown. METHODS Two hundred and forty-six male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to the endovascular perforation model of SAH. A selective TAK1 inhibitor, 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ) was administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection at 30 min after SAH induction. To genetic knockdown of TAK1, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was i.c.v injected at 48 h before SAH induction. SAH grade, brain water content, BBB permeability, neurological score, western blot, real-time PCR, ELISA, transmission electron microscope, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. Long-term behavioral sequelae were evaluated by the rotarod and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, OZ was added to the culture medium with oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) to mimic SAH in vitro. The reactive oxygen species level was detected by DCFH-DA staining. Lysosomal integrity was assessed by Lyso-Tracker Red staining and Acridine Orange staining. RESULTS The neuronal phosphorylated TAK1 expression was upregulated following SAH. Pharmacologic inhibition of TAK1 with OZ could alleviate neurological deficits, brain edema, and brain-blood barrier (BBB) disruption at 24 h after SAH. In addition, OZ administration restored long-term neurobehavioral function. Furthermore, blockade of TAK1 dampened neuronal pyroptosis by downregulating the N-terminal fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD-N) expression and IL-1β/IL-18 production. Mechanistically, both in vivo and in vitro, we demonstrated that TAK1 can induce neuronal pyroptosis through promoting nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and activating nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. TAK1 siRNA treatment mitigated SAH-induced neurobehavioral deficits and restrained phosphorylated NF-κB p65 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. TAK1 blockade also ameliorated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and prevented lysosomal cathepsin B releasing into the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TAK1 modulates NLRP3-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in EBI following SAH. Inhibition of TAK1 may serve as a potential candidate to relieve neuroinflammatory responses triggered by SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Chunrong Tao
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yuyou Zhu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Li
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Juanji Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wang
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Patrizz AN, Moruno-Manchon JF, O’Keefe LM, Doran SJ, Patel AR, Venna VR, Tsvetkov AS, Li J, McCullough LD. Sex-Specific Differences in Autophagic Responses to Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071825. [PMID: 34359998 PMCID: PMC8304137 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a series of complex pathophysiological processes including autophagy. Differential activation of autophagy occurs in neurons derived from males versus females after stressors such as nutrient deprivation. Whether autophagy displays sexual dimorphism after ischemic stroke is unknown. We used a cerebral ischemia mouse model (middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO) to evaluate the effects of inhibiting autophagy in ischemic brain pathology. We observed that inhibiting autophagy reduced infarct volume in males and ovariectomized females. However, autophagy inhibition enhanced infarct size in females and in ovariectomized females supplemented with estrogen compared to control mice. We also observed that males had increased levels of Beclin1 and LC3 and decreased levels of pULK1 and p62 at 24 h, while females had decreased levels of Beclin1 and increased levels of ATG7. Furthermore, the levels of autophagy markers were increased under basal conditions and after oxygen and glucose deprivation in male neurons compared with female neurons in vitro. E2 supplementation significantly inhibited autophagy only in male neurons, and was beneficial for cell survival only in female neurons. This study shows that autophagy in the ischemic brain differs between the sexes, and that autophagy regulators have different effects in a sex-dependent manner in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jose F. Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Lena M. O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sarah J. Doran
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Anita R. Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.J.D.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Venugopal R. Venna
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.N.P.); (J.F.M.-M.); (V.R.V.); (A.S.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bernardo-Faura M, Rinas M, Wirbel J, Pertsovskaya I, Pliaka V, Messinis DE, Vila G, Sakellaropoulos T, Faigle W, Stridh P, Behrens JR, Olsson T, Martin R, Paul F, Alexopoulos LG, Villoslada P, Saez-Rodriguez J. Prediction of combination therapies based on topological modeling of the immune signaling network in multiple sclerosis. Genome Med 2021; 13:117. [PMID: 34271980 PMCID: PMC8284018 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major health problem, leading to a significant disability and patient suffering. Although chronic activation of the immune system is a hallmark of the disease, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, while current treatments only ameliorate the disease and may produce severe side effects. Methods Here, we applied a network-based modeling approach based on phosphoproteomic data to uncover the differential activation in signaling wiring between healthy donors, untreated patients, and those under different treatments. Based in the patient-specific networks, we aimed to create a new approach to identify drug combinations that revert signaling to a healthy-like state. We performed ex vivo multiplexed phosphoproteomic assays upon perturbations with multiple drugs and ligands in primary immune cells from 169 subjects (MS patients, n=129 and matched healthy controls, n=40). Patients were either untreated or treated with fingolimod, natalizumab, interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, or the experimental therapy epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We generated for each donor a dynamic logic model by fitting a bespoke literature-derived network of MS-related pathways to the perturbation data. Last, we developed an approach based on network topology to identify deregulated interactions whose activity could be reverted to a “healthy-like” status by combination therapy. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS was used to validate the prediction of combination therapies. Results Analysis of the models uncovered features of healthy-, disease-, and drug-specific signaling networks. We predicted several combinations with approved MS drugs that could revert signaling to a healthy-like state. Specifically, TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) kinase, involved in Transforming growth factor β-1 proprotein (TGF-β), Toll-like receptor, B cell receptor, and response to inflammation pathways, was found to be highly deregulated and co-druggable with all MS drugs studied. One of these predicted combinations, fingolimod with a TAK1 inhibitor, was validated in an animal model of MS. Conclusions Our approach based on donor-specific signaling networks enables prediction of targets for combination therapy for MS and other complex diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00925-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marti Bernardo-Faura
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melanie Rinas
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inna Pertsovskaya
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicky Pliaka
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | | | - Gemma Vila
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janina R Behrens
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece. .,ProtATonce Ltd., Athens, Greece.
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK. .,Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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TAK1 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:453-470. [PMID: 33973075 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in both physiological responses and disease pathogenesis. Excessive angiogenesis can promote neoplastic diseases and retinopathies, while inadequate angiogenesis can lead to aberrant perfusion and impaired wound healing. Transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is a key modulator involved in a range of cellular functions including the immune responses, cell survival and death. TAK1 is activated in response to various stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence has recently suggested that TAK1 is intimately involved in angiogenesis and mediates pathogenic processes related to angiogenesis. Several detailed mechanisms by which TAK1 regulates pathological angiogenesis have been clarified, and potential therapeutics targeting TAK1 have emerged. In this review, we summarize recent studies of TAK1 in angiogenesis and discuss the crosstalk between TAK1 and signaling pathways involved in pathological angiogenesis. We also discuss the approaches for selectively targeting TAK1 and highlight the rationales of therapeutic strategies based on TAK1 inhibition for the treatment of pathological angiogenesis.
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13
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A high-throughput screening to identify small molecules that suppress huntingtin promoter activity or activate huntingtin-antisense promoter activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6157. [PMID: 33731741 PMCID: PMC7969751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of huntingtin (HTT). While there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for HD, recent efforts have focused on the development of nucleotide-based therapeutics to lower HTT expression. As an alternative to siRNA or oligonucleotide methods, we hypothesized that suppression of HTT expression might be accomplished by small molecules that either (1) directly decrease HTT expression by suppressing HTT promoter activity or (2) indirectly decrease HTT expression by increasing the promoter activity of HTT-AS, the gene antisense to HTT that appears to inhibit expression of HTT. We developed and employed a high-throughput screen for modifiers of HTT and HTT-AS promoter activity using luminescent reporter HEK293 cells; of the 52,041 compounds tested, we identified 898 replicable hits. We used a rigorous stepwise approach to assess compound toxicity and the capacity of the compounds to specifically lower huntingtin protein in 5 different cell lines, including HEK293 cells, HD lymphoblastoid cells, mouse primary neurons, HD iPSCs differentiated into cortical-like neurons, and HD hESCs. We found no compounds which were able to lower huntingtin without lowering cell viability in all assays, though the potential efficacy of a few compounds at non-toxic doses could not be excluded. Our results suggest that more specific targets may facilitate a small molecule approach to HTT suppression.
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14
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Hou K, Li G, Yu J, Xu K, Wu W. Receptors, Channel Proteins, and Enzymes Involved in Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation and Treatments by Targeting Microglia in Ischemic Stroke. Neuroscience 2021; 460:167-180. [PMID: 33609636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the largest contributor to global neurological disability-adjusted life-years, posing a huge economic and social burden to the world. Though pharmacological recanalization with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke, clinically, there is still no effective treatment for the secondary injury caused by cerebral ischemia. In recent years, more and more evidences show that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of ischemic cerebral injury. Microglia are brain resident innate immune cells and act the role peripheral macrophages. They play critical roles in mediating neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is not an isolated process and has complex relationships with other pathophysiological processes as oxidative/nitrative stress, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and adaptive immune response. Upon activation, microglia differentially express various receptors, channel proteins, and enzymes involved in promoting or inhibiting the inflammatory processes, making them the targets of intervention for ischemic stroke. To inhibit microglia-related neuroinflammation and promote neurological recovery after ischemic stroke, numerous biochemical agents, cellular therapies, and physical methods have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potentials. Though accumulating experimental evidences have demonstrated that targeting microglia is a promising approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical progress is slow. Till now, no clinical study could provide convincing evidence that any biochemical or physical therapies could exert neuroprotective effect by specifically targeting microglia following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Guichen Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Avenue, 130021 Changchun, China.
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15
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Liu Y, Li S, Wang R, Pu H, Zhao Y, Ye Q, Shi Y. Inhibition of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 promotes inflammation-resolving microglial/macrophage responses and recovery after stroke in ovariectomized female mice. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105257. [PMID: 33434616 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a master regulator that drives multiple cell death and proinflammatory signaling pathways, making it a promising therapeutic target to treat ischemic stroke. However, whether targeting TAK1 could improve stroke outcomes has never been tested in female subjects, hindering its potential translation into clinical use. Here we examined the therapeutic effect of 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (OZ), a selective TAK1 inhibitor, in ovariectomized female mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). OZ significantly reduced neuronal cell death and axonal injury at the acute stage and mitigated neuroinflammation at the subacute stage after MCAO in ovariectomized female mice. Consistent with RNA sequencing analysis that TAK1 activation contributed to microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses in the post-stroke brain, inhibition of TAK1 with OZ caused phenotypic shift of microglia/macrophages toward an inflammation-resolving state. Furthermore, microglia/macrophage-specific TAK1 knockout (TAK1 mKO) reproduced OZ's effects, causally confirming the role of TAK1 in determining proinflammatory microglial/macrophage responses in post-stroke females. Post-stroke treatment with OZ for 5 days effectively promoted long-term neurological recovery and the integrity of both gray matter and white matter in female mice. Together, the TAK1 inhibitor OZ elicits long-lasting improvement of stroke outcomes in female mice, at least partially through enhancing beneficial microglial/macrophage responses and inflammation resolution. Given its therapeutic efficacy on both male and female rodents, TAK1 inhibitor is worth further investigation as a valid treatment to ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Sicheng Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Hongjian Pu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Qing Ye
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| | - Yejie Shi
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America.
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Post-Stroke Social Isolation Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus and Alters miRNA Profiles in the Aged Female Mice Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010099. [PMID: 33374156 PMCID: PMC7795886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for stroke. Elderly women are more likely to be isolated. Census data shows that in homeowners over the age of 65, women are much more likely to live alone. However, the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of isolation have not been well studied in older females. In this study, we hypothesized that isolation impairs post-stroke recovery in aged female mice, leading to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain, including those previously shown to be involved in response to social isolation (SI). Aged C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to either single housing (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke for 15 days. SI immediately after stroke led to significantly more brain tissue loss after stroke and higher mortality. Furthermore, SI significantly delayed motor and sensory recovery and worsened cognitive function, compared to PH. A decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the dentate gyrus of SI mice assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. miRNAome data analysis revealed changes in several miRNAs in the brain, such as miR-297a-3p and miR-200c-3p, which are known to regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that SI can lead to a poor post-stroke recovery in aged females and dysregulation of miRNAs and reduced hippocampal cell proliferation.
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17
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Microglial-specific depletion of TAK1 is neuroprotective in the acute phase after ischemic stroke. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:833-847. [PMID: 32382778 PMCID: PMC7297861 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is upregulated after cerebral ischemia and contributes to an aggravation of brain injury. TAK1 acts as a key regulator of NF-ΚB and the MAP kinases JNK and p38 and modulates post-ischemic neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Microglia are the main TAK1-expressing immunocompetent cells of the brain. However, little is known about the function and regulation of microglial TAK1 after cerebral ischemia. Tamoxifen-dependent conditional depletion of TAK1 in microglial cells was induced in Cx3cr1creER-Tak1fl/fl mice. The creER-negative Tak1fl/fl mice and vehicle-treated (corn oil) mice served as control groups. A transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion of 30 min followed by 6 h and 72 h of reperfusion was performed in male mice. Oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) was performed with primary cortical glial cell cultures to examine the effect of microglial-specific and general (5Z-7-Oxozeaenol) TAK1 inhibition after different reperfusion times (1 h, 6 h, and 72 h). Cx3cr1creER-Tak1fl/fl mice showed reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological outcomes compared to the control group. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory Il1b/IL-1β and Tnf/TNF-α in the peri-infarct zones of microglial-specific TAK1-depleted mice were significantly reduced. Furthermore, TAK1 depletion in vitro led to reduced cell death rates after OGD. Moreover, hypoxia-mediated activation of TAK1 and its downstream signalling proteins, JNK and p38, were dampened by microglial TAK1 depletion. In contrast, 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol-induced pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 completely diminished MAPK-signalling including the kinases JNK and p38 in all cells. Microglial TAK1 depletion abrogates post-ischemic neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the acute phase, hence might be considered as a potential target in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia. Key messages TAK1 is activated after cerebral ischemia and induces MAP kinases p38 and JNK. Activated TAK1 increases apoptosis rate and the level pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Microglial cells seem to be the main source of TAK1-mediated post-ischemic neuroinflammation. Microglial-specific TAK1-depletion mediates sustainable neuroprotective effects, which might be superior to global TAK1 inhibition.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-020-01916-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wu X, Lin L, Qin JJ, Wang L, Wang H, Zou Y, Zhu X, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xin C, Xu S, Ye S, Zhang J, Xiong Z, Zhu L, Li H, Chen J, She ZG. CARD3 Promotes Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Activation of TAK1. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014920. [PMID: 32349637 PMCID: PMC7428569 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Although multiple signaling cascades and molecules contributing to the pathophysiological process have been studied, the treatments for stroke against present targets have not acquired significant clinical progress. Although CARD3 (caspase activation and recruitment domain 3) protein is an important factor involved in regulating immunity, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis, its role in cerebral stroke is currently unknown. Methods and Results Using a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury based on transient blockage of the middle cerebral artery, we have found that CARD3 expression is upregulated in a time-dependent manner during I-R injury. Further animal study revealed that, relative to control mice, CARD3-knockout mice exhibited decreased inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, with reduced infarct volume and lower neuropathological scores. In contrast, neuron-specific CARD3-overexpressing transgenic (CARD3-TG) mice exhibited increased I-R induced injury compared with controls. Mechanistically, we also found that the activation of TAK1 (transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1) was enhanced in CARD3-TG mice. Furthermore, the increased inflammation and apoptosis seen in injured CARD3-TG brains were reversed by intravenous administration of the TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. Conclusions These results indicate that CARD3 promotes I-R injury via activation of TAK1, which not only reveals a novel regulatory axis of I-R induced brain injury but also provides a new potential therapeutic approach for I-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Operating Theater Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Yichun Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Can Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Shuangxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Shengda Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Zhongwei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Basic Medical School Wuhan University Wuhan PR China.,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
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Wang R, Pu H, Ye Q, Jiang M, Chen J, Zhao J, Li S, Liu Y, Hu X, Rocha M, Jadhav AP, Chen J, Shi Y. Transforming Growth Factor Beta-Activated Kinase 1-Dependent Microglial and Macrophage Responses Aggravate Long-Term Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:975-985. [PMID: 32078472 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.028398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Microglia/macrophages (Mi/MΦ) can profoundly influence stroke outcomes by acquiring functionally dominant phenotypes (proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory; deleterious or salutary). Identification of the molecular mechanisms that dictate the functional status of Mi/MΦ after brain ischemia/reperfusion may reveal novel therapeutic targets for stroke. We hypothesized that activation of TAK1 (transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1), a key MAP3K upstream of multiple inflammation-regulating pathways, drives Mi/MΦ toward a proinflammatory phenotype and potentiates ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. Methods- Young adult mice were subjected to 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. TAK1 was targeted by tamoxifen-induced Mi/MΦ-specific knockout or administration of a selective inhibitor 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol after MCAO. Neurobehavioral deficits and long-term gray matter and white matter injury were assessed up to 35 days after MCAO. Mi/MΦ functional status and brain inflammatory profiles were assessed 3 days after MCAO by RNA-seq, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Results- TAK1 Mi/MΦ-specific knockout markedly ameliorated neurological deficits in the rotarod and cylinder tests for at least 35 days after MCAO. Mechanistically, RNA-seq of purified brain Mi/MΦ demonstrated that proinflammatory genes and their predicted biological functions were downregulated or inhibited in microglia and macrophages from TAK1 Mi/MΦ-specific knockout mice versus WT mice 3 days after MCAO. Consistent with the anti-inflammatory phenotype of Mi/MΦ-specific knockout, oxozeaenol treatment mitigated neuroinflammation 3 days after MCAO, manifested by less Iba1+/CD16+ proinflammatory Mi/MΦ and suppressed brain invasion of various peripheral immune cells. Oxozeaenol treatment beginning 2 hours after MCAO improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive functions in the foot fault, rotarod, and water maze tests. Furthermore, Oxozeaenol promoted both gray matter and white matter integrity 35 days after MCAO. Conclusions- TAK1 promotes ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, brain injury, and maladaptive behavior by enhancing proinflammatory and deleterious Mi/MΦ responses. Therefore, TAK1 inhibition is a promising therapy to improve long-term stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Hongjian Pu
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Qing Ye
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.).,Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, PA (Q.Y., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Ming Jiang
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Sicheng Li
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Yaan Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.).,Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, PA (Q.Y., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Marcelo Rocha
- Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.R., A.P.J.)
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Department of Neurology, UPMC Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.R., A.P.J.)
| | - Jun Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.).,Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, PA (Q.Y., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
| | - Yejie Shi
- From the Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (R.W., H.P., Q.Y., M.J., Jie Chen, J.Z., S.L., Y.L., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.).,Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, PA (Q.Y., X.H., Jun Chen, Y.S.)
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20
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Fiedler LR, Chapman K, Xie M, Maifoshie E, Jenkins M, Golforoush PA, Bellahcene M, Noseda M, Faust D, Jarvis A, Newton G, Paiva MA, Harada M, Stuckey DJ, Song W, Habib J, Narasimhan P, Aqil R, Sanmugalingam D, Yan R, Pavanello L, Sano M, Wang SC, Sampson RD, Kanayaganam S, Taffet GE, Michael LH, Entman ML, Tan TH, Harding SE, Low CMR, Tralau-Stewart C, Perrior T, Schneider MD. MAP4K4 Inhibition Promotes Survival of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Reduces Infarct Size In Vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:579-591.e12. [PMID: 30853557 PMCID: PMC6458995 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is a paramount cause of global death and disability. Although cardiomyocyte death plays a causal role and its suppression would be logical, no clinical counter-measures target the responsible intracellular pathways. Therapeutic progress has been hampered by lack of preclinical human validation. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-4 (MAP4K4) is activated in failing human hearts and relevant rodent models. Using human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and MAP4K4 gene silencing, we demonstrate that death induced by oxidative stress requires MAP4K4. Consequently, we devised a small-molecule inhibitor, DMX-5804, that rescues cell survival, mitochondrial function, and calcium cycling in hiPSC-CMs. As proof of principle that drug discovery in hiPSC-CMs may predict efficacy in vivo, DMX-5804 reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by more than 50%. We implicate MAP4K4 as a well-posed target toward suppressing human cardiac cell death and highlight the utility of hiPSC-CMs in drug discovery to enhance cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna R Fiedler
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kathryn Chapman
- Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Min Xie
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evie Maifoshie
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Micaela Jenkins
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pelin Arabacilar Golforoush
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michela Noseda
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dörte Faust
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ashley Jarvis
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Gary Newton
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Marta Abreu Paiva
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Weihua Song
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Josef Habib
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Priyanka Narasimhan
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Rehan Aqil
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Devika Sanmugalingam
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Robert Yan
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pavanello
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sam C Wang
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert D Sampson
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sunthar Kanayaganam
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - George E Taffet
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lloyd H Michael
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark L Entman
- Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Caroline M R Low
- Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Trevor Perrior
- Domainex, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Michael D Schneider
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Michael E. DeBakey Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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21
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Garfield BE, Crosby A, Shao D, Yang P, Read C, Sawiak S, Moore S, Parfitt L, Harries C, Rice M, Paul R, Ormiston ML, Morrell NW, Polkey MI, Wort SJ, Kemp PR. Growth/differentiation factor 15 causes TGFβ-activated kinase 1-dependent muscle atrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 2019; 74:164-176. [PMID: 30554141 PMCID: PMC6467240 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a clinically important complication of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a prognostic marker in PAH, has been associated with muscle loss in other conditions. We aimed to define the associations of GDF-15 and muscle wasting in PAH, to assess its utility as a biomarker of muscle loss and to investigate its downstream signalling pathway as a therapeutic target. METHODS GDF-15 levels and measures of muscle size and strength were analysed in the monocrotaline (MCT) rat, Sugen/hypoxia mouse and in 30 patients with PAH. In C2C12 myotubes the downstream targets of GDF-15 were identified. The pathway elucidated was then antagonised in vivo. RESULTS Circulating GDF-15 levels correlated with tibialis anterior (TA) muscle fibre diameter in the MCT rat (Pearson r=-0.61, p=0.003). In patients with PAH, plasma GDF-15 levels of <564 pg/L predicted those with preserved muscle strength with a sensitivity and specificity of ≥80%. In vitro GDF-15 stimulated an increase in phosphorylation of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Antagonising TAK1, with 5(Z)-7-oxozeaenol, in vitro and in vivo led to an increase in fibre diameter and a reduction in mRNA expression of atrogin-1 in both C2C12 cells and in the TA of animals who continued to grow. Circulating GDF-15 levels were also reduced in those animals which responded to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Circulating GDF-15 is a biomarker of muscle loss in PAH that is responsive to treatment. TAK1 inhibition shows promise as a method by which muscle atrophy may be directly prevented in PAH. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01847716; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Garfield
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexi Crosby
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dongmin Shao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Peiran Yang
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cai Read
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Sawiak
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Parfitt
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Carl Harries
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Rice
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Paul
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Medicine and Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen John Wort
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul R Kemp
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Derada Troletti C, Fontijn RD, Gowing E, Charabati M, van Het Hof B, Didouh I, van der Pol SMA, Geerts D, Prat A, van Horssen J, Kooij G, de Vries HE. Inflammation-induced endothelial to mesenchymal transition promotes brain endothelial cell dysfunction and occurs during multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:45. [PMID: 30718504 PMCID: PMC6361981 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a major role in maintaining brain homeostasis through the specialized function of brain endothelial cells (BECs). Inflammation of the BECs and loss of their neuroprotective properties is associated with several neurological disorders, including the chronic neuro-inflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet, the underlying mechanisms of a defective BBB in MS remain largely unknown. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a pathophysiological process in which endothelial cells lose their specialized function and de-differentiate into mesenchymal cells. This transition is characterized by an increase in EndoMT-related transcription factors (TFs), a downregulation of brain endothelial markers, and an upregulation of mesenchymal markers accompanied by morphological changes associated with cytoskeleton reorganization. Here, we postulate that EndoMT drives BEC de-differentiation, mediates inflammation-induced human BECs dysfunction, and may play a role in MS pathophysiology. We provide evidence that stimulation of human BECs with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-1β promotes EndoMT, a process in which the TF SNAI1, a master regulator of EndoMT, plays a crucial role. We demonstrate the involvement of TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in EndoMT induction in BECs. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed EndoMT-associated alterations in the brain vasculature of human post-mortem MS brain tissues. Taken together, our novel findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BECs dysfunction during MS pathology and can be used to develop new potential therapeutic strategies to restore BBB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Derada Troletti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud D Fontijn
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Imad Didouh
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Cai J, Xu M, Zhang X, Li H. Innate Immune Signaling in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:153-184. [PMID: 30230967 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological significance of innate immune signaling lies primarily in its role in host defense against invading pathogens. It is becoming increasingly clear that innate immune signaling also modulates the development of metabolic diseases, especially nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases, which are characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation due to a disarrangement of innate immune signaling. Notably, recent studies indicate that in addition to regulating canonical innate immune-mediated inflammatory responses (or immune-dependent signaling-induced responses), molecules of the innate immune system regulate pathophysiological responses in multiple organs during metabolic disturbances (termed immune-independent signaling-induced responses), including the disruption of metabolic homeostasis, tissue repair, and cell survival. In addition, emerging evidence from the study of immunometabolism indicates that the systemic metabolic status may have profound effects on cellular immune function and phenotypes through the alteration of cell-intrinsic metabolism. We summarize how the innate immune system interacts with metabolic disturbances to trigger immune-dependent and immune-independent pathogenesis in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as representative of metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; .,Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Chauhan A, Hudobenko J, Al Mamun A, Koellhoffer EC, Patrizz A, Ritzel RM, Ganesh BP, McCullough LD. Myeloid-specific TAK1 deletion results in reduced brain monocyte infiltration and improved outcomes after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:148. [PMID: 29776451 PMCID: PMC5960093 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) occurs after stroke and leads to an exacerbation of brain injury. TAK1 is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, but it has divergent inflammatory effects that are dependent on the cell type in which it is activated. There is a robust infiltration of myeloid cells after stroke; however, the contribution of myeloid TAK1 to cerebral ischemia is currently unknown. We hypothesized that myeloid-specific deletion of TAK1 would protect against ischemic brain injury. Methods Myeloid TAK1ΔM and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Brain-infiltrating and splenic immune cells were evaluated at 3 days after stroke. Assessment of infarct size and behavioral deficits were performed on days 3 and 7 post-stroke. Results Infarcts were significantly smaller in TAK1ΔM mice (p < 0.01), and behavioral deficits were less severe despite equivalent reduction in cerebral blood flow. Flow cytometry demonstrated an increase in the frequency of splenic monocytes and neutrophils (p < 0.05) and a decrease in splenic CD3+ T (p < 0.01) and CD19+ B (p = 0.06) cells in TAK1ΔM mice compared to WT at baseline. Three days after stroke, a significant increase in the number of brain-infiltrating immune cell was observed in both TAK1ΔM (p < 0.05) and WT (p < 0.001) mice compared to their respective shams. However, there was a significant decrease in the infiltrating CD45hi immune cell counts (p < 0.05), with a pronounced reduction in infiltrating monocytes (p < 0.001) in TAK1ΔM after stroke compared to WT stroke mice. Additionally, a significant reduction in CD49d+ monocytes was seen in the brains of TAK1ΔM stroke mice compared to wild-type mice. Importantly, TAK1ΔM MCAo mice had smaller infarcts and improved behavioral outcomes at day 7 post-stroke. Conclusion Our results showed that deletion of myeloid TAK1 resulted in smaller infarcts and improved functional outcomes at the peak of inflammation (day 3) and a reduction in brain-infiltrating immune cells that were primarily monocytes. Myeloid TAK1 deletion was also protective at 7 days post MCAo, reflecting a detrimental role of myeloid TAK1 in the progression of ischemic injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1188-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jacob Hudobenko
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Edward C Koellhoffer
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anthony Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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25
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Liu L, Yuan H, Denton K, Li XJ, McCullough L, Li J. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β is neuroprotective in stroke in aged mice. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 44:2139-46. [PMID: 27305894 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating neurological disease and the leading cause of long-term disability, particularly in the elderly. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKK β) is a major kinase activated by elevated levels of intracellular calcium. Our previous findings in young mice have suggested that CaMKK β is neuroprotective as KO mice had worse stroke outcomes. Because age is an important determinant of stroke outcome, we evaluated the functional role of CaMKK β in stroke in aged mice. We used middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce stroke in aged wild-type (WT) and CaMKK β KO male mice. Lentiviral vectors carrying CaMKK β (LV-CaMKK β) were used to overexpress CaMKK β in the mouse brain. Baseline levels of CaMKK β in the aged brain were significantly lower than those in young mice. LV-CaMKK β treatment reduced infarcts and neurological deficits assessed 3 days after stroke. In chronic survival experiments, CaMKK β KO mice showed increased tissue loss in the ipsilateral hemisphere 3 weeks after stroke. In addition, KO mice showed poorer functional recovery during the 3-week survival period, as measured by the rotarod test, corner test, locomotor activity assay, and novel object recognition test, compared with WT controls. The loss of blood-brain barrier proteins, inactivation of survival gene expression such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the serum were observed after stroke with CaMKK β inhibition. We demonstrate that CaMKK β is neuroprotective in stroke in aged mice. Therefore, our data suggest that CaMKK β may be a potential target for reducing long-term disability after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kyle Denton
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Louise McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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26
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Wang H, Chen Z, Li Y, Ji Q. NG25, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor‑β‑activated kinase 1, ameliorates neuronal apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic‑ischemic rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1710-1716. [PMID: 29138854 PMCID: PMC5780114 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) was found to be activated by TGF-β and acts as a central regulator of cell death in various types of disease. However, the expression and function of TAK1 in the neonatal brain following hypoxia-ischemia (HI) remains unclear. In the present study, western blotting and immunofluorescence were employed to determine the expression and distribution of TAK1 in the brain cortex of a perinatal HI rat model. In addition, the specific inhibitor of TAK1, NG25 was administered via intracerebroventricular injection, prior to insult of the neonatal rat brains, for neuroprotection. Western blotting and double immunofluorescence indicated that an increased expression level of phosphorylated-TAK1 was observed, and was localized with neurons and astrocytes, compared with the sham group. Further study demonstrated that injection of NG25 prior to insult significantly inhibited TAK1/c-Jun N-terminal kinases activity and dramatically ameliorated acute hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis in perinatal rats. Thus, NG25 ameliorates neuronal apoptosis in neonatal HI rats by inhibiting TAK1 expression and cell apoptosis. In addition, NG25 may serve as a promising novel neuroprotective inhibitor for perinatal cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyun Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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27
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28
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Xiao H, Deng M, Yang B, Tang J, Hu Z. Role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier disruption in aged female rats. J Neurochem 2017; 142:194-203. [PMID: 28440874 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors have protective effects against ischemic brain injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have yet to be well studied. Given that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) can reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that estrogen receptors-mediated protective effects against ischemia-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption involve inhibition of GSK3. Thus, we evaluated GSK3 expression in the brain of ovariectomized female rats, and examined the effects of intracerebroventricular pre-treatments of SB216763, GSK3 inhibitor, on BBB permeability following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We also examined the role of specific estrogen receptor subtype in regulation of GSK3 expression and BBB permeability after MCAO. We found that ovariectomized female rats exhibited increased mRNA levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and increased protein levels of GSK3β but not GSK3α in brain cortical areas. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular pre-treatments of SB216763 dose-dependently attenuated brain infarction volume, brain water contents, neurological deficits, and BBB disruption, and increased tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin expression at 24 h following MCAO. Finally, activation of ERβ but not ERα dose-dependently decreased GSK3β expression at 24 h following MCAO. This was associated with increased tight junction protein expression and improved neurological scores. Thus, our study suggested that activation of ERβ may protect against brain ischemia-induced BBB disruption by inhibiting GSK3β-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyang Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Ren K, Mo ZC, Liu X, Tang ZL, Jiang Y, Peng XS, Zhang QH, Shi JF, Yi GH. TGF-β Down-regulates Apolipoprotein M Expression through the TAK-1-JNK-c-Jun Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2016; 52:109-117. [PMID: 28039587 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a relatively novel apolipoprotein that plays pivotal roles in many dyslipidemia-associated diseases; however, its regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Many cytokines have been identified that down-regulate apoM expression in HepG2 cells, among which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) exerts the most potent effects. In addition, c-Jun, a member of the activated protein 1 (AP-1) family whose activity is modulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), decreases apoM expression at the transcriptional level by binding to the regulatory element in the proximal apoM promoter. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β decreases the apoM level in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that TGF-β inhibited apoM expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that it suppressed apoM secretion. These effects were attenuated by treatment of cells with either SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) or c-Jun siRNA. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol [(a TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1) inhibitor)] also attenuated the TGF-β-mediated inhibition of apoM expression and suppressed the activation of JNK and c-Jun. These results have demonstrated that TGF-β suppresses apoM expression through the TAK-1-JNK-c-Jun pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhen-Li Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing-Hai Zhang
- Clinical Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Feng Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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30
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Lai YJ, Yu D, Zhang JH, Chen GJ. Cooperation of Genomic and Rapid Nongenomic Actions of Estrogens in Synaptic Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4113-4126. [PMID: 27324789 PMCID: PMC5509832 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the changes in the molecular and cellular processes of neural circuits that occur in response to environmental experiences. Clinical and experimental studies have increasingly shown that estrogens participate in the neuroplasticity involved in cognition, behavior, and memory. It is generally accepted that estrogens exert their effects through genomic actions that occur over a period of hours to days. However, emerging evidence indicates that estrogens also rapidly influence the neural circuitry through nongenomic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogens and discuss how these actions may cooperate in synaptic plasticity. We then summarize the role of epigenetic modifications, synaptic protein synthesis, and posttranslational modifications, and the splice variants of estrogen receptors in the complicated network of estrogens. The combination of genomic and nongenomic mechanisms endows estrogens with considerable diversity in modulating neural functions including synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Haikou Municipal Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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31
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Wang JS, Wu D, Huang DY, Lin WW. TAK1 inhibition-induced RIP1-dependent apoptosis in murine macrophages relies on constitutive TNF-α signaling and ROS production. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:76. [PMID: 26381601 PMCID: PMC4574455 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a key regulator of signal cascades of TNF-α receptor and TLR4, and can induce NF-κB activation for preventing cell apoptosis and eliciting inflammation response. Results TAK1 inhibitor (TAKI) can decrease the cell viability of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), RAW264.7 and BV-2 cells, but not dermal microvascular endothelial cells, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, THP-1 monocytes, human retinal pigment epithelial cells, microglia CHME3 cells, and some cancer cell lines (CL1.0, HeLa and HCT116). In BMDM, TAKI-induced caspase activation and cell apoptosis were enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, TAKI treatment increased the cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ROS scavengers NAC and BHA can inhibit cell death caused by TAKI. In addition, RIP1 inhibitor (necrostatin-1) can protect cells against TAKI-induced mitochondrial ROS production and cell apoptosis. We also observed the mitochondrial membrane potential loss after TAKI treatment and deterioration of oxygen consumption upon combination with LPS. Notably TNF-α neutralization antibody and inhibitor enbrel can decrease the cell death caused by TAKI. Conclusions TAKI-induced cytotoxicity is cell context specific, and apoptosis observed in macrophages is dependent on the constitutive autocrine action of TNF-α for RIP1 activation and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Shiun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dean Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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Zhang D, Yan H, Li H, Hao S, Zhuang Z, Liu M, Sun Q, Yang Y, Zhou M, Li K, Hang C. TGFβ-activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) Inhibition by 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol Attenuates Early Brain Injury after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19900-9. [PMID: 26100626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor NF-κB exacerbates early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by provoking proapoptotic and proinflammatory cellular signaling. Here we evaluate the role of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a critical regulator of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, in early brain injury following SAH. Although the expression level of TAK1 did not present significant alternation in the basal temporal lobe after SAH, the expression of phosphorylated TAK1 (Thr-187, p-TAK1) showed a substantial increase 24 h post-SAH. Intracerebroventricular injection of a selective TAK1 inhibitor (10 min post-SAH), 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ), significantly reduced the levels of TAK1 and p-TAK1 at 24 h post-SAH. Involvement of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways was revealed that OZ inhibited SAH-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, OZ administration diminished the SAH-induced apoptosis and EBI. As a result, neurological deficits caused by SAH were reversed. Our findings suggest that TAK1 inhibition confers marked neuroprotection against EBI following SAH. Therefore, TAK1 might be a promising new molecular target for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Huiying Yan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Hua Li
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Shuangying Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, and
| | - Zong Zhuang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Ming Liu
- the Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Sun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yiqing Yang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd., Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, and
| | - Chunhua Hang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, the Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University (Guangzhou), Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Rd., Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Venna VR, Benashski SE, Chauhan A, McCullough LD. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β enhances cognitive recovery after stroke: the role of TAK1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:336-43. [PMID: 26077686 PMCID: PMC4478333 DOI: 10.1101/lm.038083.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory deficits are common among stroke survivors. Identifying neuroprotective agents that can prevent memory impairment or improve memory recovery is a vital area of research. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is involved in several essential intracellular signaling pathways. Unlike many other kinases, GSK-3β is active only when dephosphorylated and activation promotes inflammation and apoptosis. In contrast, increased phosphorylation leads to reduced GSK-3β (pGSK-3β) activity. GSK-3β inhibition has beneficial effects on memory in other disease models. GSK-3β regulates both the 5'AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK1) pathways. In this work, we examined the effect of GSK-3β inhibition, both independently, in conjunction with a TAK inhibitor, and in AMPK-α2 deficient mice, after stroke to investigate mechanistic interactions between these pathways. GSK-3β inhibition was neuroprotective and ameliorated stroke-induced cognitive impairments. This was independent of AMPK signaling as the protective effects of GSK-3β inhibition were seen in AMPK deficient mice. However, GSK-3β inhibition provided no additive protection in mice treated with a TAK inhibitor suggesting that TAK1 is an upstream regulator of GSK-3β. Targeting GSK-3β could be a novel therapeutic strategy for post-stroke cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Reddy Venna
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Sharon E Benashski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA MC-1840, Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA The Stroke Center at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, USA
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34
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Manwani B, McCullough LD. Function of the master energy regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in stroke. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1018-29. [PMID: 23463465 PMCID: PMC4266469 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling molecule that is emerging as one of the most important energy sensors in the body. AMPK monitors cellular energy status and is activated via phosphorylation when energy stores are low. This allows for maintenance of energy homeostasis by promoting catabolic pathways for ATP production and limiting processes that consume ATP. Growing number of stimuli have been shown to activate AMPK, and AMPK has been implicated in many diverse biological processes, including cell polarity, autophagy, and senescence. The effect of AMPK activation and its biological functions are extremely diverse and depend on both the overall energy "milieu" and the location and duration of activation. AMPK has tissue- and isoform-specific functions in the brain vs. periphery. These functions and the pathways activated also appear to differ by cell location (hypothalamus vs. cortex), cell type (astrocyte vs. neuron), and duration of exposure. Short bursts of AMPK activation have been found to be involved in ischemic preconditioning and neuronal survival; however, prolonged AMPK activity during ischemia leads to neuronal cell death. AMPK may also underlie some of the beneficial effects of hypothermia, a potential therapy for ischemic brain injury. This review discusses the role of AMPK in ischemic stroke, a condition of severe energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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35
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Cox-Limpens KEM, Vles JSH, Schlechter J, Zimmermann LJI, Strackx E, Gavilanes AWD. Fetal brain genomic reprogramming following asphyctic preconditioning. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:61. [PMID: 23800330 PMCID: PMC3724485 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal asphyctic (FA) preconditioning is effective in attenuating brain damage incurred by a subsequent perinatal asphyctic insult. Unraveling mechanisms of this endogenous neuroprotection, activated by FA preconditioning, is an important step towards new clinical strategies for asphyctic neonates. Genomic reprogramming is thought to be, at least in part, responsible for the protective effect of preconditioning. Therefore we investigated whole genome differential gene expression in the preconditioned rat brain. FA preconditioning was induced on embryonic day 17 by reversibly clamping uterine circulation. Male control and FA offspring were sacrificed 96 h after FA preconditioning. Whole genome transcription was investigated with Affymetrix Gene1.0ST chip. Results Data were analyzed with the Bioconductor Limma package, which showed 53 down-regulated and 35 up-regulated transcripts in the FA-group. We validated these findings with RT-qPCR for adh1, edn1, leptin, rdh2, and smad6. Moreover, we investigated differences in gene expression across different brain regions. In addition, we performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) which revealed 19 significantly down-regulated gene sets, mainly involved in neurotransmission and ion transport. 10 Gene sets were significantly up-regulated, these are mainly involved in nucleosomal structure and transcription, including genes such as mecp2. Conclusions Here we identify for the first time differential gene expression after asphyctic preconditioning in fetal brain tissue, with the majority of differentially expressed transcripts being down-regulated. The observed down-regulation of cellular processes such as neurotransmission and ion transport could represent a restriction in energy turnover which could prevent energy failure and subsequent neuronal damage in an asphyctic event. Up-regulated transcripts seem to exert their function mainly within the cell nucleus, and subsequent Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in preconditioning induced neuroprotection.
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Nomura K, Lee M, Banks C, Lee G, Morris BJ. An ASK1-p38 signalling pathway mediates hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in NG108-15 neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 549:163-7. [PMID: 23742763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be involved in many forms of neurodegeneration, including ischaemic infarct damage and Alzheimer's disease. Despite the known involvement of p38 and JNK MAP kinases in mediating apoptosis and cell death in a variety of cell types, the details of the signalling pathways activated in neuronal cells by ROS are poorly characterised. Recently TAK1 (MAP3K7), a kinase upstream of JNK and p38, has attracted attention as a possible mediator of ischaemic cell death. This study tested the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which produces ROS, induces apoptosis in the NG108-15 neuronal cell line via activation of either TAK1 or the related kinase ASK1 (MAP3K5). H2O2 caused a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability associated with caspase 3 activation. Loss of cell viability was inhibited by a selective caspase 3 inhibitor, and by the p38 inhibitor SB203580, but was not affected by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. The selective TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z-7) exacerbated the loss of cell viability, whereas the ASK1 inhibitor NQDI-1 completely prevented caspase activation and cell death. These results show that pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 is neuroprotective, implicating an ASK1-p38 signalling pathway in ROS-induced apoptosis in neurones. The results also imply that the role of TAK1 may be neuroprotective rather than pro-degenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nomura
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Zhang D, Hu Y, Sun Q, Zhao J, Cong Z, Liu H, Zhou M, Li K, Hang C. Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 confers neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury in rats. Neuroscience 2013; 238:209-17. [PMID: 23485590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is characterized as a key regulator in inflammatory and apoptosis signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the TAK1 pathway in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TBI using a modified Feeney's weight-drop model. The time course showed that a significant increase of TAK1 and p-TAK1 expression in the cortex after TBI. Moreover, TBI induced TAK1 redistribution both in neurons and astrocytes of the lesion boundary zone. The effects of specific inhibition of the TAK1 pathway by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ, intracerebroventricular injection at 10min post-trauma) on histopathological and behavioral outcomes in rats were assessed at 24h post injury. The number of TUNEL-positive stained cells was diminished and neuronal survival and neurological function were improved with OZ treatment. Biochemically, the high dose of OZ significantly reduced the levels of TAK1 and p-TAK1, further decreased nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1 activities and the release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we found that both 10min and 3h post-trauma OZ therapies could markedly improve neurological function and neuronal survival after long-term survival. These results revealed that the TAK1 pathway is activated after experimental TBI and the inhibitor OZ affords significant neuro- protection and amelioration of neurobehavioral deficits after experimental TBI, suggesting a potential rationale for manipulating this pathway in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Ridder DA, Schwaninger M. TAK1 inhibition for treatment of cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 2012; 239:68-72. [PMID: 23022457 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a MAP3 kinase, is involved in at least five signaling cascades that modulate ischemic brain damage. Inhibition of TAK1 may therefore be an efficient way to interfere with multiple mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Indeed, a recent publication in Experimental Neurology confirmed that TAK1 inhibition by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol is neuroprotective. The beneficial effect of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol was associated with a reduced activation of Jun kinase that leads to inflammation and apoptosis. Recently, other TAK1 inhibitors were developed suggesting that TAK1 may prove as an efficient therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases if safety issues are not limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk A Ridder
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Germany
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