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Cruz-Vallejo V, Zarco-Mendoza A, Morales-Ramírez P. Kinetics of the in vivo genotoxic and radioprotective effects of methyl gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:393-400. [PMID: 37431273 DOI: 10.1002/em.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of the in vivo action of equimolar doses of methyl gallate (MG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on their capacity to induce DNA damage and to protect against DNA damage induced by 60 Co gamma rays. DNA-damaged cells were determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comets) in murine peripheral blood leukocytes. The maximum radioprotective effects of MG and EGCG (approximately 70%) occurred at 15 min after administration when their effect was determined 2 min following irradiation. MG and EGCG have similar radioprotective indexes, which due to their fast response indicate that they are involved in free radical scavenging. Due to the similar radioprotective activities of MG and EGCG, the in vivo radioprotective effects of these agents do not seem to be dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures but instead on the presence of the galloyl radical. EGCG induces an early, significant, and persistent increase in the number of DNA-damaged cells and a later and more important increase in the number of damaged cells, suggesting that it has two mechanisms by which it can induce DNA damage. MG at the same molar dose as EGCG caused a significant and persistent increase in DNA damaged cells but to a much lesser extent to that induce by EGCG, suggesting that the galloyl radical is not involved in the mechanism of DNA breaks induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cruz-Vallejo
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anaís Zarco-Mendoza
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Morales-Ramírez
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Liang H, Huang Q, Zou L, Wei P, Lu J, Zhang Y. Methyl gallate: Review of pharmacological activity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106849. [PMID: 37429335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) is a polyphenolic compound widely found in natural plants. MG has been shown to have a variety of biological functions, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and anti-microbial activities, and has broad research and development prospects. A total of 88 articles related to MG were searched using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases, systematically investigating the pharmacological activity and molecular mechanisms of MG. There were no restrictions on the publication years, and the last search was conducted on June 5, 2023. MG can exert pharmacological effects through multiple pathways and targets, such as PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, Caspase, AMPK/NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, p53, NLRP3, ROS, EMT. According to the literature, MG has the potential to be a prospective adjuvant for anticancer therapy and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguo Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiazheng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Abdullah H, Ismail I, Suppian R, Zakaria NM. Natural Gallic Acid and Methyl Gallate Induces Apoptosis in Hela Cells through Regulation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Protein Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108495. [PMID: 37239840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis is one of the targeted approaches in cancer therapies. As previously reported, natural products can induce apoptosis in in vitro cancer treatments. However, the underlying mechanisms of cancer cell death are poorly understood. The present study aimed to elucidate cell death mechanisms of gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) from Quercus infectoria toward human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa). The antiproliferative activity of GA and MG was characterised by an inhibitory concentration using 50% cell populations (IC50) by an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Cervical cancer cells, HeLa, were treated with GA and MG for 72 h and calculated for IC50 values. The IC50 concentration of both compounds was used to elucidate the apoptotic mechanism using acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining, cell cycle analysis, the Annexin-V FITC dual staining assay, apoptotic proteins expressions (p53, Bax and Bcl-2) and caspase activation analysis. GA and MG inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 10.00 ± 0.67 µg/mL and 11.00 ± 0.58 µg/mL, respectively. AO/PI staining revealed incremental apoptotic cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed an accumulation of cells at the sub-G1 phase. The Annexin-V FITC assay showed that cell populations shifted from the viable to apoptotic quadrant. Moreover, p53 and Bax were upregulated, whereas Bcl-2 was markedly downregulated. Activation of caspase 8 and 9 showed an ultimate apoptotic event in HeLa cells treated with GA and MG. In conclusion, GA and MG significantly inhibited HeLa cell growth through apoptosis induction by the activation of the cell death mechanism via extrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmah Abdullah
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Al Dhafeer Street, Abu Dhabi 22401, United Arab Emirates
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ilyana Ismail
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rapeah Suppian
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Munirah Zakaria
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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4
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Experimental spectroscopy, eco-friendly solvents effect on transitions, reactive sites and biological research on methyl gallate – MTT assay (cytotoxicity). J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Boucheffa S, Sobhi W, Attoui A, Selli S, Kelebek H, Semmeq A, Benguerba Y. Effect of the main constituents of Pistacia lentiscus leaves against the DPPH radical and xanthine oxidase: experimental and theoretical study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9870-9884. [PMID: 34114947 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the content of phenolic compounds in P lentiscus leaves and their antioxidant effect. After extracting the phenolic compounds, fractionation by liquid/liquid partition with increasing polarity gives five extracts. Three of them (ButF, AqF and ButA) were found to have good antioxidant activity. Their IC50s for the inhibition of the free radical formation of DPPH are 1.76 µg/mL, 1.307 µg/ml, and 1.77 µg/mL, respectively. These values are very interesting, considering the effect of the powerful flavonoid quercetin, whose IC50 against DPPH is 1.53 µg/mL. These extracts are also active against xanthine oxidase (XO). The IC50s measured are 0.14 mg/mL, 0.186 mg/mL and 0.33 mg/mL for ButF, Aq F and ButAq F extract respectively, in comparison with allopurinol (0.44 mg/mL). A phytochemical analysis by LC/ESI-MS-MS was performed to explain the observed activities. The results show 22 peaks representing: flavanols, namely catechin, d-Gallocatechin, and gallocatechin gallate. The only flavone detected in the studied extracts was luteolin glucuronide and was found to be in higher amounts in butanolic extract (2,71mg/mL). The phenolic acids and derivatives were also identified in the extracts. A theoretical study was performed to deduce the specificity of the binding between the major compounds identified in the P. lentiscus extract and the xanthine oxidase enzyme using Schrödinger software. The docking procedure was validated using the extraction of ligands from the binding site. Their re-anchoring to the xanthine oxidase structure using quercetin and allopurinol was considered reference molecules. After docking, post-docking minimization was performed to achieve the best scoring poses with the MM-GBSA approach. The dGBind energy of MM-GBSA representing the binding energy of the receptor and the ligand was calculated based on molecular mechanics. Results reveal that β-Glucogallin compounds such as Digalloylquinic acid, Gallocatechin, and Myricetin-3-O rhamnoside are more active than allopurinol, with stronger Docking score (Gscore) and MM-GBSA dGBind.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Boucheffa
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria
| | - Widad Sobhi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria.,Research Center of Biotechnology (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ayoub Attoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria.,Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
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Liu S, Li T, Fang S, Zhang P, Yi D, Cong B, Zhang Z, Zhao L. Metabolic profiling and gene expression analyses provide insights into cold adaptation of an Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006991. [PMID: 36176693 PMCID: PMC9514047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and most windy continent on earth. The major terrestrial vegetation consists of cryptogams (mosses and lichens) and two vascular plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and relevant regulatory networks were largely unknown in these Antarctic plants. Here, we investigated the global alterations in metabolites and regulatory pathways of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) under cold stress using an integrated multi-omics approach. We found that proline content and several antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in P. nutans under cold stress, but the contents of chlorophyll and total flavonoids were markedly decreased. A total of 559 metabolites were detected using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We observed 39 and 71 differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) after 24 h and 60 h cold stress, indicating that several major pathways were differentially activated for producing fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. In addition, the quantitative transcriptome sequencing was conducted to uncover the global transcriptional profiles of P. nutans under cold stress. The representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and summarized to the function including Ca2+ signaling, ABA signaling, jasmonate signaling, fatty acids biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other biological processes. The integrated dataset analyses of metabolome and transcriptome revealed that jasmonate signaling, auxin signaling, very-long-chain fatty acids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways might contribute to P. nutans acclimating to cold stress. Overall, these observations provide insight into Antarctic moss adaptations to polar habitats and the impact of global climate change on Antarctic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
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Sudhakaran G, Rajesh R, Guru A, Haridevamuthu B, Murugan R, Bhuvanesh N, Wadaan MA, Mahboob S, Juliet A, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Deacetylated nimbin analog N2 fortifies alloxan-induced pancreatic β-cell damage in insulin-resistant zebrafish larvae by upregulating phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and insulin levels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116229. [PMID: 36089001 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the protective behaviour of N2, a semi-natural analog of nimbin, for its anti-diabetic efficacy against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and β-cell dysfunction in in-vivo zebrafish larvae. A 500 μM of alloxan was exposed to zebrafish larvae for 24 h to induce oxidative stress in the pancreatic β-cells and co-exposed with N2 to study the protection of N2 by inhibiting ROS by DCFH-DA, DHE and NDA staining along with Cellular damage, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. The zebrafish was further exposed to 500 μM alloxan for 72 h to induce β-cell destruction along with depleted glucose uptake and co-exposed to N2 to study the protective mechanism. Glucose levels were estimated, and PCR was used to verify the mRNA expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and insulin. Alloxan induced (24 h) oxidative stress in the pancreatic β-cells in which N2's co-exposure inhibited ROS by eliminating O-₂ radicals and restoring the glutathione levels, thus preventing cellular damage and lipid peroxidation. The zebrafish exposed to 500 μM alloxan for 72 h was observed with β-cell destruction along with depleted glucose uptake when stained with 2NBDG, wherein N2 was able to protect the pancreatic β-cells from oxidative damage, promoted high glucose uptake and reduced glucose levels. N2 stimulated insulin production and downregulated PEPCK by inhibiting gluconeogenesis, attenuating post-prandial hyperglycemia. N2 may contribute to anti-oxidant protection against alloxan-induced β-cell damage and anti-hyperglycemic activity, restoring insulin function and suppressing PEPCK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shalid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Methyl Gallate Suppresses Tumor Development by Increasing Activation of Caspase3 and Disrupting Tumor Angiogenesis in Melanoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6295910. [PMID: 36110191 PMCID: PMC9470304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6295910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methyl gallate is a phenolic compound mainly found in medicinal plants. It has been reported to its anticancer activity in various tumors. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the antitumor effect of methyl gallate in the melanoma mouse model and B16F10 cells. Our results showed that methyl gallate decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of cleaved caspase3 in B16F10 cells and prevented cell migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In B16F10 cell-inoculated mice, methyl gallate not only decreased tumor volume by 30% but also significantly reduced tumor vessel density and pericyte coverage. Moreover, methyl gallate diminished by close to 50% the expression of cytokeratin and LYVE-1 in mouse right inguinal lymph nodes, indicating that methyl gallate could suppress metastasis. In conclusion, this study suggests that methyl gallate inhibits tumor development by inducing apoptosis and blocking tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and might be considered a therapeutic agent for melanoma.
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Lee WJ, Kim MJ, Choi HW, Lee JJ, Jung SK. Effect of Methyl Gallate on 1-Nitropyrene-Induced Keratinocyte Toxicity in a Human and Canine Skin Model. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:869-876. [PMID: 35880479 PMCID: PMC9628917 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2206.06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is the largest organ of the human body, is in direct contact with pollutants in the surrounding atmosphere. Meanwhile, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), the most abundant nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in particulate matter, is known to have carcinogenic effects; however, studies on its toxicity in human and canine skin are still needed. In this study, we investigated 1-NP-induced apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in HaCaT cells. In addition, we also measured the cytoprotective effect of methyl gallate (MG), which is widely distributed in medicinal and edible plants and is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. MG inhibited 1-NP-induced cell death and apoptosis pathways, including the cleavage of PARP and activation of caspase-3, -7, and -9. MG also suppressed 1-NP-induced COX-2 expression and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK kinases (MAPKKs). Our findings suggest that 1-NP induces skin toxicity in human and canine through apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and moreover, that this can be prevented by treatment with MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Choi
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.J. Lee Phone: +82-53-950-6654 E-mail:
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Tailored Food Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,
S.K. Jung Phone: +82-53-950-7764 Fax: +82-53-950-7762 E-mail:
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Exploring Banana phytosterols (Beta-sitosterol) on tight junction protein (claudin) as anti-urolithiasis contributor in Drosophila: A phyto-lithomic approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Issac PK, Velayutham M, Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Arockiaraj J. Protective effect of morin by targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induced by hydrogen peroxide demonstrated at a molecular level in MDCK epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4269-4279. [PMID: 35182324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of diabetic nephropathy is aided by the presence of oxidative stress. Morin, a natural flavonoid molecule, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. However, little is known about the mechanism of its protective effect in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis caused by oxidative stress. METHODS Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells as a working model, the current study investigates the detailed mechanism of morin's beneficial action. In hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stressed MDCK cells, there was a considerable rise in intracellular ROS and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. RESULTS Morin has a higher binding affinity for the antioxidant receptor; according to in silico study using molecular docking and ADMET, it is predicted to be an orally active molecule. While morin administration increased SOD and CAT activity in oxidative stress-induced MDCK cells, it also reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, the present study discovered the molecular mechanism through which morin reduced oxidative stress in MDCK cells by upregulating antioxidant enzyme molecules including GST, GPx, and GCS. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that morin reduces H2O2-induced oxidative stress, reduces DNA oxidative damage, and prevents the depletion of antioxidant genes in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India. .,Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 097, India.
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Dos Santos RC, de Freitas RON, Foglio MA, de Carvalho JE, Ruiz ALTG, Pessatto LR, Oliveira RJ, Baranoski A, Biazi BI, Mantovani MS, Kassuya CAL, de Oliveira Junior PC, Formagio ASN. Synthesis, Characterization, Antiproliferative Activity of Galloyl Derivatives and Investigation of Cytotoxic Properties in HepG2/C3A cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1623-1633. [PMID: 34923937 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211217150837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate substituents in the galloyl group could lead to significant biological properties. OBJECTIVE Novel galloyl-substituted compounds bearing 2-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, 5-substituted-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, and carboxamide groups were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Additionally, galloyl hydrazide (2) was evaluated by performing cytotoxicity, membrane integrity, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays in HepG2/C3A cells. METHOD General procedure was used for the synthesis of galloyl-substituted (3-9, 11) and characterized by their spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR). The antiproliferative activity of all novel galloyl derivatives was evaluated against nine human tumors and one nontumoral cell line. Three response parameters (GI50, TGI, and LC50) were calculated. The cytotoxicity test was performed for the resazurin assay. The membrane integrity, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays were performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The substitution of the methoxy group of the galloyl ring system for a carboxamide group (3, 4, 5, and 6) produced compounds with moderate antitumoral activity, particularly 6, against six human cancer cell lines, K-562, PC-3, NCI-ADR/RES, OVCAR, 786-0 and NCI-H460, with GI50 values ≤ 9.45 µg/mL. Triazole derivatives 7 and 8 exhibited higher antitumoral activity toward OVCAR, MCF-7 and leukemia K-562 cell lines, exhibiting GI50 values less than 10 µg/mL. Compound 11 displayed significant activity against PC-3 (GI50 = 4.31 µg/mL), OVCAR (GI50 = 8.84 µg/mL) and K-562 (GI50 = 8.80 µg/mL) cell lines. Galloyl hydrazide (2) had cytotoxic activity in HepG2/C3A cells (IC50 = 153.7 µg/mL). In membrane permeability, cell count, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays, as determined using the IC50 of compound (2) in HepG2/C3A cells, increased membrane permeability, decreased cell count, altered cell cycle, and initial apoptosis was observed compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Thus, our results showed for the first time the synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and cytotoxicity of galloyl-substituted compounds. Galloyl-substitution does not have a very strong synergistic effect in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation compared with galloyl hydrazide (2). Compound 2 demonstrated promising activity in HepG2/C3A hepatocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Claudino Dos Santos
- Faculty of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
| | | | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil dBiological Science Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil dBiological Science Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Tasca Góes Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil dBiological Science Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Pessatto
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Adrivanio Baranoski
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Bruna Isabela Biazi
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Cruz de Oliveira Junior
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil
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13
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Shin S, Lee J, Yoon SH, Park D, Hwang JS, Jung E. Anti-glycation activities of methyl gallate in vitro and in human explants. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:2602-2609. [PMID: 34418257 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The build-up of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is one of important factor of skin aging. Natural compounds with anti-glycation activities might have great anti-aging potential. AIMS The objective of this study was to evaluate an anti-glycation effects of methyl gallate as a potent ingredient for anti-aging. METHODS We first evaluated the AGEs inhibitory ability of methyl gallate in BSA/glucose system. Levels of Nε-CML and carbonyl contents were also measured in BSA/glucose system. To further investigate if methyl gallate could prevent glycation in full-thickness human skin explants. Glycation action was determined by the observation of the general morphology of dermis and epidermis structures and FBN-1 and of CML immunostaining. In an in-vivo study, primary irritation test was also performed to ensure the safety of methyl gallate for human skin. RESULTS It is known that methyl gallate can suppress glycation reaction between BSA and glucose. Methyl gallate also has a remarkable potential to reduce the oxidation of proteins. Furthermore, the anti-glycation activity of methyl gallate has been confirmed in a human skin ex-vivo model. Methyl gallate decreased the expression of CML but stimulated the expression of FBN-1 compared with MGO treatment. In an in-vivo study, methyl gallate (0.1%) did not cause any skin irritation, suggesting that methyl gallate could be used as an active ingredient in cosmetics. CONCLUSION Our results showed that methyl gallate could protect against glucose-mediated glycation in vitro. Furthermore, methyl gallate significantly prevented glycation in living human skin explants. Due to these beneficial effects, methyl gallate can be used to prevent or manage AGE-mediated skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeesun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - So Hyun Yoon
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
| | | | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- BioSpectrum Life Science Institute, Yongin, Korea
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14
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Zhang Y, Meng J, Wang S, Gu D, Lin X, Huang D, Yang Y. Immobilized α-glucosidase using polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles for targeted screening of an active component from Toona sinensis. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2066688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xingtao Lin
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhi Huang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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15
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El-Hawary SS, Mohammed R, El-Din ME, Hassan HM, Ali ZY, Rateb ME, Bellah El Naggar EM, Othman EM, Abdelmohsen UR. Comparative phytochemical analysis of five Egyptian strawberry cultivars ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and antidiabetic potential of Festival and Red Merlin cultivars. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16755-16767. [PMID: 35479159 PMCID: PMC9032053 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10748d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to explore the differences in phytochemical composition and biological properties of five strawberry hybrids (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), and highlights the non-edible part (byproduct) as a source of self-remedy natural herb along with fruits. HPLC/DAD/HRESIMS technique was used in the dereplication of ten ethanolic extracts of five strawberry cultivars leaves and fruits (Festival, Red Merlin, Suzana, Tamar and Winter Dawn). Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were established using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Ethanolic extracts of leaves and fruits from Festival and Red Merlin cultivars were selected to investigate their anti-hyperglycemic activity using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oxidative stress markers, lipid profile and kidney and liver function tests were assessed. The results revealed different chemical profiles of ten samples with the identification of 37 metabolites, represented mainly as flavonoids and phenolic acid derivatives. Phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of seven known phenolic compounds; quercetin, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, p-tyrosol, methyl gallate, trans-tiliroside and eutigoside A. Suzana cultivar was the richest cultivar with flavonoids and total phenolics except for the total flavonoid content in leaves referred to Festival cultivar. Ethanolic extract of leaves, especially Festival cultivar was the most bioactive one. The results established the role of strawberry leaves along with fruits as an antioxidant and hypoglycemic natural remedy. This work aims to explore the differences in phytochemical composition and biological properties of five strawberry hybrids (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), and highlights the non-edible part (byproduct) as a source of self-remedy natural herb along with fruits.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Rabab Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Marwa Emad El-Din
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Zeinab Y Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) Giza 12553 Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland Paisley PA1 2BE Scotland UK
| | | | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg Am Hubland Würzburg Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University 61111 New Minia Minia Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
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Huang CY, Chang YJ, Wei PL, Hung CS, Wang W. Methyl gallate, gallic acid-derived compound, inhibit cell proliferation through increasing ROS production and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248521. [PMID: 33725002 PMCID: PMC7963062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for HCC. Methyl gallate (MG), from plant-derived phenolic gallic acid, has exhibited antitumor efficacy. However, the effect of MG on HCC is unclear. In vitro growth activity was detected by a sulforhodamine assay. A zebrafish xenotransplantation was applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of MG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, autophagy, and lysosome formation were detected by specific dyes. Finally, apoptosis was examined using annexin V-FITC/PI staining and western blot was performed to determine the molecular mechanism. It was demonstrated that MG treatment inhibited the proliferation of Hep3B, Mahlavu, and HepJ5 cells. Xenotransplantation also showed that MG inhibited the growth of Hep3B and HepJ5 cells. MG treatment increased cellular levels of superoxide and oxidative stress. Increases in autophagy and lysosome formation were found after MG treatment. The western blot analysis showed that MG activated cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (SDP ribose) polymerase (PARP), modulated levels of the Bcl2, Bax, and Bad ligands, and induced apoptosis. MG induced autophagy with notable activation of beclin-1, autophagy related 5+12 (ATG5+12), and conversion of light chain 3-I (LC3-I) to II. Our study showed that MG exposure inhibited HCC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. And blocking autophagy enhanced MG-induced cytotoxicity in HCC cells. These findings suggested MG might serve as a powerful therapeutic supplement for human HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YJC); (WW)
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Hung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Weu Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YJC); (WW)
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Ahmed AZ, Satyam SM, Shetty P, D'Souza MR. Methyl Gallate Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Suppressing Oxidative Stress. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:6694340. [PMID: 33510932 PMCID: PMC7822703 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6694340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study was aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of methyl gallate; an active polyphenolic nutraceutical, against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control (group I), doxorubicin control (group II), test-A (group III), and test-B (group IV). Group III and group IV animals were prophylactically treated with methyl gallate 150 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day orally, respectively, for seven days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered through an intraperitoneal route to group II, III, and IV animals on the seventh day to induce acute cardiotoxicity. On the 8th day, besides ECG analysis, serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA, and GSH were assayed. Following gross examination of isolated hearts, histopathological evaluation was performed by light microscopy. A significant (p < 0.05) cardiac injury, as well as oxidative stress, was observed in doxorubicin control rats in comparison to normal control rats. Methyl gallate at both the doses significantly (p < 0.05) reduced doxorubicin-induced ECG changes, dyslipidaemia, and elevation of CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and increased GSH level. Methyl gallate reversed the doxorubicin-induced histopathological changes in the heart. The present study revealed that methyl gallate exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats by suppressing oxidative stress. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies for consideration of methyl gallate as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akheruz Zaman Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shakta Mani Satyam
- Department of Pharmacology, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakashchandra Shetty
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Melanie Rose D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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Methyl gallate attenuates inflammation induced by Toll-like receptor ligands by inhibiting MAPK and NF-Κb signaling pathways. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1257-1270. [PMID: 33037469 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Methyl gallate (MG) is a prevalent polyphenol in the plant kingdom, which may be related to the effects of several medicinal plants. Although it is widely reported that polyphenols have therapeutic effects, there are few studies demonstrating that MG has anti-inflammatory action. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of MG and its effect on hyperalgesia. METHODS Swiss mice were pretreated orally with different doses of MG and subjected to i.pl. injection of zymosan to induce paw edema. RAW264.7 macrophages and BMDMs stimulated with different TLR agonists such as zymosan, LPS, or Pam3CSK4 were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MG RESULTS: MG inhibits zymosan-induced paw edema and hyperalgesia and modulates molecular pathways crucial for inflammation development. Pretreatment with MG inhibited cytokines production and NF-κB activity by RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with zymosan, Pam3CSK4 or LPS, but not with PMA. Moreover, pretreatment with MG decreased IκB degradation, nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65, c-jun and c-fos and ERK1/2, p38 and JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that MG has a promising anti-inflammatory effect and suggests an explanation of its mechanism of action through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the MAPK pathway.
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Yang Y, Ma Y, Yang S, Yue X, Peng W. Chemical components analysis of
Toona sinensis
bark and wood by pyrolisis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Yang
- College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yongtao Ma
- Henan Academy of Forestry Sciences Zhengzhou China
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Henan Academy of Forestry Sciences Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaochen Yue
- College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China
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20
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Doxorubicin-induced alterations in kidney functioning, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and renal tissue morphology; Improvement by Acacia hydaspica tannin-rich ethyl acetate fraction. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2251-2260. [PMID: 32884406 PMCID: PMC7451730 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline drug used for cancer treatment. However, its treatment is contiguous with toxic effects. We examined the nephroprotective potential of A. hydaspica polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate extract (AHE) against DOX persuaded nephrotoxicity. 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assorted into 6 groups. Control group received saline; DOX group: 3 mg/kg b.w. dosage of DOX intraperitoneally for 6 weeks (single dose/week). In co-treatment groups, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w AHE was given orally for 6 weeks in concomitant with DOX (3 mg/kg b.w, i.p. injection per week) respectively. Standard group received silymarin 400 mg/kg b.w daily + DOX (single dose/week). Biochemical kidney function tests, oxidative stress markers, genotoxicity, antioxidant enzyme status, and histopathological changes were examined. DOX caused significant body weight loss and decrease kidney weight. DOX-induced marked deterioration in renal function indicators in both urine and serum, i.e., PH, specific gravity, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, etc. Also, DOX treatment increases renal tissue oxidative stress markers, while lower antioxidant enzymes in tissue along with degenerative alterations in the renal tissue compared to control rats. AHE co-treatment ameliorates DOX-prompted changes in serum and urine chemistry. Likewise, AHE treatment decreases sensitive markers of oxidative stress and prevented DNA damages by enhancing antioxidant enzyme levels. DOX induction in rats also caused DNA fragmentation which was restored by AHE co-treatment. Moreover, the histological observations evidenced that AHE effectively rescued the kidney tissue from DOX interceded oxidative damage. Our results suggest that co-treatment of AHE markedly improve DOX-induced deleterious effects in a dose-dependent manner. The potency of AHE co-treatment at 400 mg/kg dose is similar to silymarin. These outcomes revealed that A. hydaspica AHE extract might serve as a potential adjuvant that avoids DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Key Words
- AHE, Acacia hydaspica ethyl acetate extract
- CAT, catalase
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Doxorubicin
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GST, glutathione S transferase
- Genotoxicity
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Histopathology
- Kidney function
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nephrotoxicity
- Oxidative stress markers
- POD, peroxidase
- QR, quinone reductase
- RBCs, red blood cells
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- WBCs, white blood cells
- γ-GT, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
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Kuo CEA, Wu SY, Lee CH, Lai YR, Lu CH, Chen PC, Cheng JH, Tsai LY, Yen KT, Tsao Y, Tsai SM. Toona sinensis modulates autophagy and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110386. [PMID: 32563986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis (TS) is a medicinal herb possessing anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat diabetes, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, TS clears dampness and heat, strengthens the stomach function, and regulates vital energy flow. TS is also used as an astringent and a pesticide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how TS influences autophagy and cytokines during the inflammatory process in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The treatment groups were pre-supplemented with TS leaf extract; rapamycin was used to enhance autophagy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation. The expression of autophagy-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The survival rate of, and chemokine expression and oxidative stress in the cells were also assessed. TS leaf extract inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation at site S2448 in the macrophages. At relatively higher concentrations (50 and 75 μg/mL), TS elevated the expression of light chain 3 II (LC3-II), which further modulated autophagy. Pre-supplementation with TS leaf extract elevated the total glutathione (GSH) level and GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio, but it decreased the GSSG, total nitric oxide, nitrate, nitrite, malondialdehyde, and superoxide anion levels. TS reversed the effects of LPS-induced cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. TS did not induce significant toxicity at the studied concentrations. In conclusion, TS leaf extract may modulate autophagy during inflammation. Furthermore, it may prevent cell damage via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Thus, this study supports the ethnomedical use of TS in the prevention of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-En Aurea Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912009, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Ying Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912009, Taiwan; Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361028, China
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804351, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804351, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361028, China
| | - Po-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Tien Yen
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 833301, Taiwan
| | - Yu Tsao
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 833301, Taiwan; College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 807618, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Meng Tsai
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.
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Root Bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Extract and Its Component Methyl Gallate Possess Peroxynitrite Scavenging Activity and Anti-inflammatory Properties through NF-κB Inhibition in LPS-treated Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193483. [PMID: 31557976 PMCID: PMC6804175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A peroxynitrite (ONOO−)-generating system induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine, was used to evaluate the ONOO− scavenging properties of plants that have been widely used as traditional medicine in Korea for the treatment of several diseases. The most effective medicinal plants were Paeonia suffruticosa Andrew, followed in order by Lonicera japonica Thunb., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, and Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. In addition, root bark of P. suffruticosa was partitioned with organic solvents of different polarities, and the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the strongest ONOO− scavenging activity. Methyl gallate, a plant-derived phenolic compound identified from the EtOAc fraction, exerted strong ONOO− scavenging activity. The in vivo therapeutic potential of methyl gallate was investigated using lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Oral administration of methyl gallate protected against acute renal injury and exhibited potential anti-inflammatory properties through an increase in antioxidant activity and decrease in nuclear factor-kappa B activity.
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Kim NS, Shin S, Shin GG, Bang OS. Genotoxicity evaluation of a Phragmitis rhizoma extract using a standard battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:112025. [PMID: 31189082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A rhizome of Phragmites communis Trinius has been used in traditional medicine to remove a heat, relieve vomiting and fever, nourish body fluids, and treat diseases like cancers. However, the safety of Phragmitis rhizoma has not yet been fully assessed. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Phragmitis rhizoma (AEPR). MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotoxic potential of AEPR was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo assay systems: a bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) test using auxotrophic mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA), a chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung cells, and a micronucleus test using bone marrow cells from male ICR mice subjected to an oral administration of AEPR. All tests were completed in compliance with the OECD guidelines or regional regulatory standards for toxicity study, and Good Laboratory Practice. RESULTS When compared with the negative control, no genotoxic signs related to the AEPR treatment were observed in the AMES test up to 5000 μg/plate of AEPR and in the chromosomal aberration test up to 500 μg/ml of AEPR regardless of metabolic activation. Repeated oral administration of AEPR up to 5000 mg/kg/day for 2 days did not affect the body weight gains or mortalities of the experimental mice and did not induce any significant changes in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that aqueous extract of Phragmitis rhizoma is safe regarding genotoxicity in an experimental model at least under the conditions tested. Further toxicity assessment in a human clinical study should be done to support the safe use of Phragmitis rhizoma by patients and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- No Soo Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sarah Shin
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geon-Gook Shin
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240 Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, 17162, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ok-Sun Bang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Afsar T, Razak S, Almajwal A, Shabbir M, Khan MR. Evaluating the protective potency of Acacia hydaspica R. Parker on histological and biochemical changes induced by Cisplatin in the cardiac tissue of rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:182. [PMID: 31337380 PMCID: PMC6651963 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Increase oxidative trauma is the main cause behind Cisplatin (CP) induced cardiotoxicity which restricts its clinical application as anti-neoplastic prescription. Acacia hydaspica is a natural shrub with diverse bioactivities. Acacia hydaspica ethyl acetate extract (AHE) ameliorated drug-induced cardiotoxicity in animals with anti-oxidative mechanisms. Current study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of A. hydaspica against cisplatin-induced myocardial injury. Methods Rats were indiscriminately distributed into six groups (n = 6). Group 1: control; Groups 2: Injected with CP (7.5 mg/kg bw, i.p, single dose) on day 16; Group 3: Treated for 21 days with AHE (400 mg/kg b.w, oral); Group 4: Received CP injection on day 16 and treated with AHE for 5 days post injection; Group 5: Received AHE (400 mg/kg b.w/day, p.o.) for 21 days and CP (7.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on day 16; Group 6: Treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) after 1 day interval for 21 days and CP injection (7.5 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on day 16. On 22nd day, the animals were sacrificed and their heart tissues were removed. Cisplatin induced cardiac toxicity and the influence of AHE were evaluated by examination of serum cardiac function markers, cardiac tissue antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers and histology. Results CP inoculation considerably altered cardiac function biomarkers in serum and diminished the antioxidant enzymes levels, while increased oxidative stress biomarkers in cardiac tissues AHE treatment attenuated CP-induced deteriorations in creatine kinase (CK), Creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB), cardiac Troponin I (cTNI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and ameliorated cardiac oxidative stress markers as evidenced by decreasing lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and NO content along with augmentation in phase I and phase II antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, CP inoculation also induced morphological alterations which were ameliorated by AHE. In pretreatment group more significant protection was observed compared to post-treatment group indicating preventive potential of AHE. The protective potency of AHE was comparable to silymarin. Conclusion Results demonstrate that AHE attenuated CP induce cardiotoxicity. The polyphenolic metabolites and antioxidant properties of AHE might be responsible for its protective influence.
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Lespade L. First Principle Molecular Dynamics of the Oxidation of Methyl‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters by Hydroxyl Radical in Water: Importance of the Number of Hydroxyl Groups. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Lespade
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255Univ. Bordeaux, 351 crs de la Libération 33400 Talence France
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Bentley J, Moore JP, Farrant JM. Metabolomic Profiling of the Desiccation-Tolerant Medicinal Shrub Myrothamnus flabellifolia Indicates Phenolic Variability Across Its Natural Habitat: Implications for Tea and Cosmetics Production. Molecules 2019; 24:E1240. [PMID: 30934961 PMCID: PMC6479747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves and twigs of the desiccation-tolerant medicinal shrub Myrothamnus flabellifolia are harvested for use in traditional and commercial teas and cosmetics due to their phenolic properties. The antioxidant and pharmacological value of this plant has been widely confirmed; however, previous studies typically based their findings on material collected from a single region. The existence of phenolic variability between plants from different geographical regions experiencing different rainfall regimes has thus not been sufficiently evaluated. Furthermore, the anthocyanins present in this plant have not been assessed. The present study thus used an untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry approach to profile phenolics in M. flabellifolia material collected from three climatically distinct (high, moderate, and low rainfall) regions representing the western, southern, and eastern extent of the species range in southern Africa. Forty-one putative phenolic compounds, primarily flavonoids, were detected, nine of which are anthocyanins. Several of these compounds are previously unknown from M. flabellifolia. Using multivariate statistics, samples from different regions could be distinguished by their phenolic profiles, supporting the existence of regional phenolic variability. This study indicates that significant phenolic variability exists across the range of M. flabellifolia, which should inform both commercial and traditional cultivation and harvesting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bentley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - John P Moore
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of gadolinium(III) oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for detection of hydrogen peroxide in biological and clinical samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Effects of Toona sinensis Leaf Extract and Its Chemical Constituents on Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123254. [PMID: 30544886 PMCID: PMC6321014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis leaf is used as a seasonal vegetable in Korea. A 70% ethanol extract of these leaves exhibited potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 78.4 µM. To investigate the compounds responsible for this effect, bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of five constituents, identified as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (compound 3), quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside. Compound 3 showed the most potent inhibition of XO, with an IC50 of 2.8 µM. This was similar to that of allopurinol (IC50 = 2.3 µM), which is used clinically to treat hyperuricemia. Kinetic analyses found that compound 3 was a reversible noncompetitive XO inhibitor. In vivo, the T. sinensis leaf extract (300 mg/kg), or compound 3 (40 mg/kg), significantly decreased serum uric acid levels in rats with potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Furthermore, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified a high level of compound 3 in the leaf extract. These findings suggest that T. sinensis leaves could be developed to produce nutraceutical preparations.
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Toona sinensis: a comprehensive review on its traditional usages, phytochemisty, pharmacology and toxicology. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018; 29:111-124. [PMID: 32287507 PMCID: PMC7103134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toona sinensis (Juss.) M.Roem, Meliaceae, a deciduous plant native to eastern and southeastern Asia, is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This paper was aimed to summarize the current advances in traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. sinensis. In this review, various types of data of T. sinensis are discussed in the corresponding parts of this paper, and perspectives for possible future studies of this plant are discussed. The main constituents of T. sinensis are terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, etc., and its pharmacological activities include anti-tumor effects, antioxidant activities, anti-diabetic effects and anti-inflammatory effects. Although a series of phytochemical and pharmacological researches of this plant have been conducted, the active constituents and action mechanism of these activities should be also further explored. Furthermore, the present review also indicates that T. sinensis has potentials to develop into drugs for treating various diseases with high efficacy and low toxicity, particularly in cancer, diabetes and inflammatory disorders. In conclusion, the paper provides a full-scale profile of the traditional usage, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. sinensis, and also provides potential therapeutic uses and drug development prospects of this plant.
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Zeng L, Liao Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Tang J, Dong F, Yang Z. α-Farnesene and ocimene induce metabolite changes by volatile signaling in neighboring tea (Camellia sinensis) plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:29-36. [PMID: 28969800 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) act as direct defenses against herbivores and as indirect defenses by attracting herbivore enemies. However, the involvement of HIPVs in within-plant or plant-to-plant signaling is not fully clarified. Furthermore, in contrast to model plants, HIPV signaling roles in crops have hardly been reported. Here, we investigated HIPVs emitted from tea (Camellia sinensis) plants, an important crop used for beverages, and their involvement in tea plant-to-plant signaling. To ensure uniform and sufficient exposure to HIPVs, jasmonic acid combined with mechanical damage (JAMD) was used to simulate herbivore attacks. Metabonomics techniques based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to determine metabolite changes in undamaged tea plants exposed to JAMD-stimulated volatiles. JAMD-stimulated volatiles mainly enhanced the amounts of 1-O-galloyl-6-O-luteoyl-α-d-glucose, assamicain C, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexyl gallate, quercetagitrin, 2-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-8-yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate, 1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptan-2-one, and methyl gallate in neighboring undamaged tea leaves. Furthermore, α-farnesene and β-ocimene, which were produced after JAMD treatments, were identified as two main JAMD-stimulated volatiles altering metabolite profiles of the neighboring undamaged tea leaves. This research advances our understanding of the ecological functions of HIPVs and can be used to develop crop biological control agents against pest insects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Dafeng Road 6, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jinchi Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Dafeng Road 6, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Longdongbei Road 321, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Yang HL, Thiyagarajan V, Liao JW, Chu YL, Chang CT, Huang PJ, Hsu CJ, Hseu YC. Toona sinensis Inhibits Murine Leukemia WEHI-3 Cells and Promotes Immune Response In Vivo. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 16:308-318. [PMID: 27151590 PMCID: PMC5759945 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416642863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis (TS) is one of the most popular vegetarian dishes in Taiwan. It has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiangiogenic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer properties. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of aqueous leaf extracts from TS to promote immune responses in BALB/c mice and to exhibit anti-leukemia activity in murine WEHI-3 cells. BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with WEHI-3 cells and then treated orally with TS (50 mg/kg). In vivo study showed that TS treatment reduced liver and spleen enlargement in WEHI-3 bearing mice compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, TS also decreased white blood cells (WBC), indicating inhibition of differentiation of the precursor of macrophages in WEHI-3 bearing mice. Treatment of WEHI-3 cells with TS (0-75 μg/mL for 24 hours) significantly reduced cell viability. Furthermore, TS treatment-induced late apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V/PI staining. Western blot analyses revealed that treatment of WEHI-3 cells with TS statistically increased the protein expression level of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm and activates caspase-3. Notably, TS treatment caused a dramatic reduction in Bcl-2 and increase in Bax protein levels. TS may disturb the Bcl-2 and Bax protein ratio and induce apoptosis. This reports confirms the antitumor activity of this nutritious vegetable potentially against leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu-Lin Chu
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - You-Cheng Hseu
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Nam W, Kim SP, Nam SH, Friedman M. Structure-Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Relationships of Purpurin and Related Anthraquinones in Chemical and Cell Assays. Molecules 2017; 22:E265. [PMID: 28208613 PMCID: PMC6155578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone (9,10-anthraquinone) and several hydroxy derivatives, including purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), and chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), were evaluated for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in chemical assays and mammalian cells (murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells). Several tests were used to assess their activities: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical; ABTS radical cation; hydrogen peroxide scavenging; reduction of potassium ferricyanide; chelation of ferrous ions; inhibition of lipid peroxidation; inhibition of nitric oxide generation; scavenging of the intracellular hydroxyl radical; expression of NLRP3 polypeptide for inflammasome assembly; and quantitation of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) for inflammasome activation. The results show that purpurin, from the root of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L.), exhibited the highest antioxidative activity in both chemical and cultured cell antioxidant assays. The antioxidative activities of the other three anthraquinones were lower than that of purpurin. In addition, purpurin could down-regulate NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation, suggesting that it might protect foods against oxidative damage and prevent in vivo oxidative stress and inflammation. Structure-activity relationships and the significance of the results for food quality and human health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Sung Phil Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
- STR Biotech. Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Korea.
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Correa LB, Pádua TA, Seito LN, Costa TEMM, Silva MA, Candéa ALP, Rosas EC, Henriques MG. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Methyl Gallate on Experimental Arthritis: Inhibition of Neutrophil Recruitment, Production of Inflammatory Mediators, and Activation of Macrophages. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1554-1566. [PMID: 27227459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) is a prevalent phenolic acid in the plant kingdom, and its presence in herbal medicines might be related to its remarkable biological effects, such as its antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities. Although some indirect evidence suggests anti-inflammatory activity for MG, there are no studies demonstrating this effect in animal models. Herein, we demonstrated that MG (0.7-70 mg/kg) inhibited zymosan-induced experimental arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. The oral administration of MG (7 mg/kg) attenuates arthritis induced by zymosan, affecting edema formation, leukocyte migration, and the production of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, LTB4, and PGE2). Pretreatment with MG inhibited in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis elicited by CXCL-1, as well as the adhesion of these cells to TNF-α-primed endothelial cells. MG also impaired zymosan-stimulated macrophages by inhibiting IL-6 and NO production, COX-2 and iNOS expression, and intracellular calcium mobilization. Thus, MG is likely to present an anti-inflammatory effect by targeting multiple cellular events such as the production of various inflammatory mediators, as well as leukocyte activation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barbosa Correa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Almeida Pádua
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Noboru Seito
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thadeu Estevam Moreira Maramaldo Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Magaiver Andrade Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luis Peixoto Candéa
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cruz Rosas
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria G Henriques
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Farmanguinhos, and ‡National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) , Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rhus javanica Gall Extract Inhibits the Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Osteoclasts and Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3284704. [PMID: 27313644 PMCID: PMC4904098 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3284704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption is a therapeutic strategy for the management of postmenopausal bone loss. This study investigated the effects of Rhus javanica (R. javanica) extracts on bone marrow cultures to develop agents from natural sources that may prevent osteoclastogenesis. Extracts of R. javanica (eGr) cocoons spun by Rhus javanica (Bell.) Baker inhibited the osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. The effects of aqueous extract (aeGr) or 100% ethanolic extract (eeGr) on ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced bone loss were investigated by various biochemical assays. Furthermore, microcomputed tomography (µCT) was performed to study bone remodeling. Oral administration of eGr (30 mg or 100 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) augmented the inhibition of femoral bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and other factors involved in bone remodeling when compared to OVX controls. Additionally, eGr slightly decreased bone turnover markers that were increased by OVX. Therefore, it may be suggested that the protective effects of eGr could have originated from the suppression of OVX-induced increase in bone turnover. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that eGr has potential to activate bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone loss.
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Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang M, Zhang J. Quercetin Isolated from Toona sinensis Leaves Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Protects Hepatocytes in High-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet and Alloxan Induced Experimental Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8492780. [PMID: 27975068 PMCID: PMC5126429 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8492780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of diabetes mellitus is related to oxidant stress induced by a high carbohydrate/high-fat diet (HFD). Quercetin, as a major bioactive component in Toona sinensis leaves (QTL), is a natural antioxidant. However, the exact mechanism by which QTL ameliorate diabetes mellitus is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic effects and hepatocytes protection of QTL on HFD and alloxan induced diabetic mice. Intragastric administration of QTL significantly reduced body weight gain, serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase serum levels compared to those of diabetic mice. Furthermore, it significantly attenuated oxidative stress, as determined by lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide content, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and as a result attenuated liver injury. QTL also significantly suppressed the diabetes-induced activation of the p65/NF-κB and ERK1/2/MAPK pathways, as well as caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels in liver tissues of diabetic mice. Finally, micrograph analysis of liver samples showed decreased cellular organelle injury in hepatocytes of QTL treated mice. Taken together, QTL can be viewed as a promising dietary agent that can be used to reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications by ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- *Jingfang Zhang:
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Suo H, Qian Y, Feng X, Wang H, Zhao X, Song JL. Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Cytoprotective Effect of Soybean Milk Fermented with L
actobacillus Fermentum
Zhao. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food; Chongqing University of Education; Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food; Chongqing University of Education; Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center of Functional Food; Chongqing University of Education; Chongqing 400067 China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; School of Public Health; Gulin Medical University; 109 North 2nd Huan Cheng Road Gulin Guangxi 541004 China
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Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and molecular properties predictions of galloyl derivatives. Molecules 2015; 20:5360-73. [PMID: 25816079 PMCID: PMC6272127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20045360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative activity against ten human cancer cell lines of a series of galloyl derivatives bearing substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole and carbohydrazide moieties. The compounds were also assessed in an in silico study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) in the human body using Lipinski’s parameters, the topological polar surface area (TPSA) and percentage of absorption (%ABS). In general, the introduction of N'-(substituted)-arylidene galloyl hydrazides 4–8 showed a moderate antitumor activity, while the 2-methylthio- and 2-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl derivatives 9 and 10 led to increased inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. The precursor compound methyl gallate 2 and the intermediary galloyl hydrazide 3 showed greater antiproliferative activity with GI50 values < 5.54 µM against all human tumor cell lines tested. A higher inhibition effect against ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3) (GI50 = 0.05–5.98 µM) was also shown, with compounds 2, 3, 9 and 10 with GI50 ≤ 0.89 µM standing out in this respect. The in silico study revealed that the compounds showed good intestinal absorption.
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Su YF, Yang YC, Hsu HK, Hwang SL, Lee KS, Lieu AS, Chan TF, Lin CL. Toona sinensis leaf extract has antinociceptive effect comparable with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in mouse writhing test. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:70. [PMID: 25886358 PMCID: PMC4378551 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antinociceptive effect of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Toona sinensis (TS, [A. Juss., M. Roem.]) was studied using the writhing test in mice. METHODS Different extraction fractions from TS leaf extracts (TSL1 to TSL5) were administered orally 1 h before intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. RESULTS After treatment with TSL1, TSL2, TSL3, TSL4, and TSL5 at a dose of 1 g/kg, the respective writhing responses were 39.9% (P < 0.001), 19.9% (P < 0.05), 11.7% (P = 0.052), 8.1% (P = 0.188), and 11.4% (P = 0.057) lower than the control group. Mice treated with TSL1 at 1 g/kg (39.9%, P < 0.001), 0.3 g/kg (38.0%, P < 0.001), 0.1 g/kg (46.9%, P < 0.001), and 0.03 g/kg (31.1%, P < 0.001) had significantly lower writhing responses compared with control mice. A time-course experiment was performed, which involved oral administration of TSL1 (0.1 g/kg) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 6 h before acetic acid intraperitoneal injection. The most effective dose of TSL1 was 0.1 g/kg orally, with the effect beginning 30 min before treatment and persisting until 6 h. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that TS has anti-visceral pain properties comparable with those of rofecoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) and diclofenac, which suggests promise for the treatment of intractable visceral pain in humans.
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Kamatham S, Kumar N, Gudipalli P. Isolation and characterization of gallic acid and methyl gallate from the seed coats of Givotia rottleriformis Griff. and their anti-proliferative effect on human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:520-529. [PMID: 28962387 PMCID: PMC5598244 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) from the seed coats of G. rottleriformis. We investigated the effect of purified GA and MG on A431 skin cancer cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. We analyzed the apoptosis enhancer/suppressor regulatory marker proteins in GA/MG treated A431 cells in a dose or time dependent manner. We found that GA/MG is an effective natural molecule to avoid the risk of skin cancers.
Gallic acid (GA) and its derivative methyl gallate (MG) are well studied plant phenolics. They have exhibited anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines. However, the presence of GA/MG in the seed coats of Givotia rottleriformis and their inhibitory effect on human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) skin cancer cells were not reported. In this study we have isolated and chemically characterized the bioactive compounds GA and MG from the bioassay guided methanolic (MeOH) seed coat extracts of G. rottleriformis. The fractions obtained from open silica column chromatography were subjected to in vitro enzymatic assays. Among seven fractions we found that only fractions 5 and 6 showed significant inhibition activity toward COX-1 with an IC50 value of 28 μg/mL and 9.3 μg/mL and COX-2 with an IC50 value of 35 μg/mL and 7.0 μg/mL respectively. However, we could not find 5-LOX enzyme inhibition activity. MG (10 mg/g DW) and GA (6 mg/g DW) were the major compounds of seed coats. Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which showed that GA/MG significantly reduced the growth of A431 cells with an IC50 value of 25 μg/mL and 53 μg/mL and 11 μg/mL and 43 μg/mL at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. However the cytotoxic effect of GA/MG on HaCaT normal skin keratinocyte cell line was found to be less. Western blot analysis has shown that GA/MG treatment down regulated Bcl-2 and up regulated cleaved caspase-3 with respect to increasing doses. Our results conclude that GA and MG have potential anticancer effects and can be used as therapeutic agents for skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kamatham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmaja Gudipalli
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Mestres G, Santos CF, Engman L, Persson C, Karlsson Ott M. Scavenging effect of Trolox released from brushite cements. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:459-66. [PMID: 25229765 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study a brushite cement was doped with the chain-breaking antioxidant Trolox. The effect of the antioxidant on the physical properties of the cement was evaluated and the release of Trolox was monitored by UV spectroscopy. The ability of the Trolox set free to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by macrophages was determined in vitro using a luminol-amplified chemiluminescence assay. Trolox did not modify the crystalline phases of the set cement, which mainly formed crystalline brushite after 7 days in humid conditions. The setting time, compressive strength and morphology of the cement also remained unaltered after the addition of the antioxidant. Trolox was slowly released from the cement following a non-Fickian transport mechanism and nearly 64% of the total amount was released after 3 days. Moreover, the capacity of Trolox to scavenge the ROS released by macrophages increased in a dose-dependent manner. Trolox-loaded cements are expected to reduce some of the first harmful effects of acute inflammation and can thus potentially protect the surrounding tissue during implantation of these as well as other materials used in conjunction.
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Liu HW, Huang WC, Yu WJ, Chang SJ. Toona Sinensis ameliorates insulin resistance via AMPK and PPARγ pathways. Food Funct 2015; 6:1855-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toona sinensis improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat-fed mice and directly stimulates glucose uptake via AMPKα in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Yu
- R&D Division
- Caliway Biomedical Co
- LTD
- Taipei City
- Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
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Krstic M, Stojadinovic M, Smiljanic K, Stanic-Vucinic D, Cirkovic Velickovic T. The anti-cancer activity of green tea, coffee and cocoa extracts on human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells depends on both pro-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities of polyphenols. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thein vitroanti-cervical cancer potency of tested polyphenol extracts is exhibited in the following order: green tea > coffee > cocoa, with only green tea showing both pro-oxidative and anti-proliferative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Krstic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marija Stojadinovic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Katarina Smiljanic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanic-Vucinic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
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Suyavaran A, Ramamurthy C, Mareeswaran R, Shanthi YV, Selvakumar J, Mangalaraj S, Kumar MS, Ramanathan CR, Thirunavukkarasu C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of isoindoloisoquinolinone, pyroloisoquinolinone and benzoquinazolinone derivatives as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:488-98. [PMID: 25555733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel fused isoquinolinones with isoindoloisoquinolinone, pyroloisoquinolinone, and benzoquinalizinone skeletons were synthesized from corresponding phenethylimides. The isoquinolinone derivatives were evaluated for their protective effect on chicken erythrocytes subjected to oxidative damage. The effect of isoquinolinone derivatives were analysed by estimation of cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities, DNA damage (comet assay), PARP-1 inhibition assay and molecular docking of the compounds with PARP-1 active site. The compounds CRR-271, CRR-288 and CRR-224+225 showed significant protective effect at 100 μM concentration. The PARP-1 inhibition assay revealed the IC50 values of CRR-271, CRR-288 and CRR-224+225 as <200 nM, further molecular docking studies shows higher binding energies with PARP-1 active site. Interesting findings in this study suggest that the novel isoquinolinone derivatives inhibit PARP-1 activity and protect cells against oxidative DNA damage, which could be implemented in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Suyavaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Chitteti Ramamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Ramachandran Mareeswaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Yagna Viswa Shanthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | | | | | - Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
- Centre for Advance Studies in Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
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Lysozyme, a mediator of sepsis that deposits in the systemic vasculature and kidney as a possible mechanism of acute organ dysfunction. Shock 2014; 41:256-65. [PMID: 24296430 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In septic shock (SS), dysfunction of many organ systems develops during the course of the illness, although the mechanisms are not clear. In earlier studies, we reported that lysozyme-c (Lzm-S), a protein that is released from leukocytes and macrophages, was a mediator of the myocardial depression and vasodilation that develop in a canine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SS. Whereas both of these effects of Lzm-S are dependent on its ability to intrinsically generate hydrogen peroxide, we subsequently showed that Lzm-S can also deposit within the vascular smooth muscle layer of the systemic arteries in this model. In the present study, we extend our previous findings. We used a canine carotid artery organ bath preparation to study the time course and dose dependence of Lzm-S deposition within the vascular smooth muscle layer. We used a human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell preparation to determine whether Lzm-S can persistently inhibit contraction in this preparation. We also used a canine P. aeruginosa model to determine whether Lzm-S deposition might occur in other organs such as the kidney, liver, and small intestine. The results showed that, in the carotid artery organ bath preparation, Lzm-S deposition occurred within minutes of instillation and there was a dose-response effect. In the human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell preparation, Lzm-S inhibited contraction during a 4-day period. In the in vivo model, Lzm-S accumulated in the kidney and the superior mesenteric artery. In a canine renal epithelial preparation, we further showed that Lzm-S can be taken up by the renal tubules to activate inflammatory pathways. We conclude that Lzm-S can deposit in the systemic vasculature and kidneys in SS, where this deposition could lead to acute organ dysfunction.
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Sun ZW, Hwang E, Lee HJ, Lee TY, Song HG, Park SY, Shin HS, Lee DG, Yi TH. Effects of Galla chinensis extracts on UVB-irradiated MMP-1 production in hairless mice. J Nat Med 2014; 69:22-34. [PMID: 25227288 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Galla chinensis (GAC) is a natural traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in folk medicine. Although GAC compounds (mainly gallic acid and methyl gallate) possess strong antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities, there is no report regarding topical or oral administration of GAC compounds on UVB irradiation-induced photoaging in hairless mice (SKH: HR-1). In the present study, we examined cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes induced by UVB in vitro. We also studied skin damage by measuring skin thickness, elasticity, wrinkling and levels of protein MMP-1, elastin, procollagen type I, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in hairless mouse skin chronically irradiated by UVB in vivo. GAC treatment significantly prevented skin photoaging by reducing the levels of ROS, MMP-1, and IL-6 and promoting production of elastin, procollagen type I, and TGF-β1. According to the results of H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining, GAC reduced skin thickness and wrinkle formation while it increased skin elasticity. The effects of GAC on UVB-induced skin photoaging may be due to suppressed MMP-1 expression. These findings could be referenced for the development of new agents that target UVB-induced photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-wang Sun
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggido, 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Choi JG, Mun SH, Chahar HS, Bharaj P, Kang OH, Kim SG, Shin DW, Kwon DY. Methyl gallate from Galla rhois successfully controls clinical isolates of Salmonella infection in both in vitro and in vivo systems. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102697. [PMID: 25048362 PMCID: PMC4105534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Galla rhois is a commonly used traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria in Korea as well as in other parts of Asia. Methyl gallate (MG), a major component of Galla Rhois, exhibits strong antibacterial activity, but its mechanism of action against Salmonella spp. is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial actions of MG against Salmonella. The antibacterial activity determined by broth dilution method indicated that the antibacterial activity of MG against Salmonella strains ranged from 3.9 to 125 µg/ml. In vitro bacterial viability test indicated that MG significantly decreased the viability of Salmonella over 40% when combined with ATPase inhibitors. The time-kill curves showed that a combined MG and ATPase inhibitors (DCCD and NaN3) treatment reduced the bacterial counts dramatically after 24 h. Oral administration of MG showed a strong anti-bacterial activity against WS-5 infected BALB/c mice. In contrast to the untreated Salmonella infected control animals, MG treated groups showed no clinical symptoms of the disease, such as lethargy and liver damage. It was observed that MG treatment significantly increased the survival of animals from Salmonella infection, while in untreated groups all animal succumbed to disease by the sixth day post infection. Thus, the present study demonstrates the therapeutic ability of MG against Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Su-Hyun Mun
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Harendra S. Chahar
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Preeti Bharaj
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Se-Gun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Liu HW, Tsai YT, Chang SJ. Toona sinensis leaf extract inhibits lipid accumulation through up-regulation of genes involved in lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5887-5896. [PMID: 24884355 DOI: 10.1021/jf500714c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Toona sinensis leaf (TSL) has been shown to lower plasma triacylglycerol levels and diminish the size of visceral fat cells in vivo. The molecular mechanism of TSL ethanol extract (TSL-E) on lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated in this study. Oil Red O staining as well as immunoblotting, real-time PCR, and dual-Luciferase reporter system were performed to investigate the effect of TSL-E on lipid accumulation and the regulation of lipid metabolism, respectively. In addition, active compounds in the TSL-E were analyzed by HPLC. TSL-E significantly decreased lipid accumulation, stimulated free fatty acid (FFA) release, and up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and genes involved in peroxisomal (acyl-CoA oxidase) and mitochondrial (uncouple protein 3) fatty acid oxidation. TSL-E also up-regulated cytoplasmic triacylglycerol hydrolysis gene (adipose triglyceride lipase) and genes related to fatty acid oxidation (AMP-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, PPARγ, and adiponectin). The major constituents directly inducing PPARα transactivity in TSL-E are gallic acid, rutin, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of TSL-E on lipid accumulation was through PPARα activation and further up-regulation of PPARα-mediated genes plus up-regulation of cytoplasmic genes involved in lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
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Onn LC, Ching CS, Lian TY, Foon LV, Chew Hee N, Moi CS. 4-chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine induces apoptosis in Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells via activation of caspases. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:655-664. [PMID: 22778066 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
4-Chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine (4-Cl-o-PD) is a halogenated aromatic diamine that was used as a precursor for manufacturing permanent hair dyes. Despite its well-documented mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in a number of in vitro and in vivo models, its cytotoxicity and mode of action have not received similar attention. Here, we investigated the effect of 4-Cl-o-PD on Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells. It induced apoptosis and the evidence suggests its initiation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of various assays used show a dose-dependent (i) decrease in cell viability, (ii) increase in cells at sub-G1 phase and the G0/G1 phase arrested in cell cycle, (iii) increase in intracellular ROS accompanied by depletion of glutathione, and (iv) that apoptotic cell death probably involves activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong Chee Onn
- Department of Life Science, School of Pharmacy and Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim TW, Paveen S, Lee YH, Lee YS. Comparison of Cytotoxic Effects of Pentagalloylglucose, Gallic Acid, and its Derivatives Against Human Cancer MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.4.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Chen YC, Chien LH, Huang BM, Chia YC. Toona sinensis (aqueous leaf extracts) induces apoptosis through the generation of ROS and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in human renal carcinoma cells. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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