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Morito M, Yasuda H, Matsufuji T, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N. Identification of lipid-specific proteins with high-density lipid-immobilized beads. Analyst 2024; 149:3747-3755. [PMID: 38829210 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In biological membranes, lipids often interact with membrane proteins (MPs), regulating the localization and activity of MPs in cells. Although elucidating lipid-MP interactions is critical to comprehend the physiological roles of lipids, a systematic and comprehensive identification of lipid-binding proteins has not been adequately established. Therefore, we report the development of lipid-immobilized beads where lipid molecules were covalently immobilized. Owing to the detergent tolerance, these beads enable screening of water-soluble proteins and MPs, the latter of which typically necessitate surfactants for solubilization. Herein, two sphingolipid species-ceramide and sphingomyelin-which are major constituents of lipid rafts, were immobilized on the beads. We first showed that the density of immobilized lipid molecules on the beads was as high as that of biological lipid membranes. Subsequently, we confirmed that these beads enabled the selective pulldown of known sphingomyelin- or ceramide-binding proteins (lysenin, p24, and CERT) from protein mixtures, including cell lysates. In contrast, commercial sphingomyelin beads, on which lipid molecules are sparsely immobilized through biotin-streptavidin linkage, failed to capture lysenin, a well-known protein that recognizes clustered sphingomyelin molecules. This clearly demonstrates the applicability of our beads for obtaining proteins that recognize not only a single lipid molecule but also lipid clusters or lipid membranes. Finally, we demonstrated the screening of lipid-binding proteins from Neuro2a cell lysates using these beads. This method is expected to significantly contribute to the understanding of interactions between lipids and proteins and to unravel the complexities of lipid diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Morito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Matsufuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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2
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Neuronal Ganglioside and Glycosphingolipid (GSL) Metabolism and Disease : Cascades of Secondary Metabolic Errors Can Generate Complex Pathologies (in LSDs). ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:333-390. [PMID: 36255681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a diverse group of membrane components occurring mainly on the surfaces of mammalian cells. They and their metabolites have a role in intercellular communication, serving as versatile biochemical signals (Kaltner et al, Biochem J 476(18):2623-2655, 2019) and in many cellular pathways. Anionic GSLs, the sialic acid containing gangliosides (GGs), are essential constituents of neuronal cell surfaces, whereas anionic sulfatides are key components of myelin and myelin forming oligodendrocytes. The stepwise biosynthetic pathways of GSLs occur at and lead along the membranes of organellar surfaces of the secretory pathway. After formation of the hydrophobic ceramide membrane anchor of GSLs at the ER, membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) of the Golgi and Trans-Golgi network generate cell type-specific GSL patterns for cellular surfaces. GSLs of the cellular plasma membrane can reach intra-lysosomal, i.e. luminal, vesicles (ILVs) by endocytic pathways for degradation. Soluble glycoproteins, the glycosidases, lipid binding and transfer proteins and acid ceramidase are needed for the lysosomal catabolism of GSLs at ILV-membrane surfaces. Inherited mutations triggering a functional loss of glycosylated lysosomal hydrolases and lipid binding proteins involved in GSL degradation cause a primary lysosomal accumulation of their non-degradable GSL substrates in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lipid binding proteins, the SAPs, and the various lipids of the ILV-membranes regulate GSL catabolism, but also primary storage compounds such as sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Chol.), or chondroitin sulfate can effectively inhibit catabolic lysosomal pathways of GSLs. This causes cascades of metabolic errors, accumulating secondary lysosomal GSL- and GG- storage that can trigger a complex pathology (Breiden and Sandhoff, Int J Mol Sci 21(7):2566, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, c/o Kekule-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Dong H, Zhou C, Li X, Gu H, E H, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Zhao Z, Fan T, Lu H, Cai M, Zhao X. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics to reveal the characteristics of Dictyophora rubrovolvata from different drying methods. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1056598. [PMID: 36519000 PMCID: PMC9742599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1056598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dictyophora rubrovolvata is a highly valuable and economically important edible fungus whose nutrition and flavor components may vary based on drying methods. Herein, an untargeted ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) metabolomics method combined with multivariate analysis was first performed to characterize the metabolomics profiles of D. rubrovolvata upon different drying treatments, viz., coal burning drying (CD), electrothermal hot air drying (ED), and freeze drying (FD). The results indicated that 69 differential metabolites were identified, vastly involving lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, carbohydrates, and their derivatives, of which 13 compounds were confirmed as biomarkers in response to diverse drying treatments. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis illustrated that differential metabolites were significantly assigned to 59, 55, and 60 pathways of CD vs. ED, CD vs. FD, and FD vs. ED groups, respectively, with 9 of the top 20 KEGG pathways shared. Specifically, most of lipids, such as fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, achieved the highest levels in D. rubrovolvata after the CD treatment. ED method substantially enhanced the contents of sterol lipids, nucleotides, organic acids and carbohydrates, while the levels of amino acids, prenol lipids and glycerolipids were elevated dramatically against the FD treatment. Collectively, this study shed light on metabolomic profiles and proposed biomarkers of D. rubrovolvata subjected to multiple drying techniques, which may contribute to quality control and drying efficiency in edible fungi production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobei Li
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengchao E
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- National Research Center of Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Lu
- National Research Center of Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Cai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Laboratory of Agro-Food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment (Shanghai), Institute of Agro-Food Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Sphingolipids in foodstuff: Compositions, distribution, digestion, metabolism and health effects - A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110566. [PMID: 34399542 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are common in all eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses, and played a vital role in human health. They are involved in physiological processes, including intracellular transport, cell division, and signal transduction. However, there are limited reviews on dietary effects on endogenous SLs metabolism and further on human health. Various dietary conditions, including the SLs-enriched diet, high-fat diet, and vitamins, can change the level of endogenous SLs metabolites and even affect human health. This review systematically summarizes the main known SLs in foods concerning their variety and contents, as well as their isolation and identification approaches. Moreover, the present review discusses the role of dietary (particularly SLs-enriched diet, high-fat diet, and vitamins) in endogenous SLs metabolism, highlighting how exogenous SLs are digested and absorbed. The role of SLs family in the pathogenesis of diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, infectious and inflammatory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and in recently coronavirus disease-19 outbreak was also discussed. In the post-epidemic era, we believe that the concern for health and the need for plant-based products will increase. Therefore, a need for research on the absorption and metabolism pathway of SLs (especially plant-derived SLs) and their bioavailability is necessary. Moreover, the effects of storage treatment and processing on the content and composition of SLs in food are worth exploring. Further studies should also be conducted on the dose-response of SLs on human health to support the development of SLs supplements. More importantly, new approaches, such as, making SLs based hydrogels can effectively achieve sustained release and targeted therapies.
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GM130 regulates pulmonary surfactant protein secretion in alveolar type II cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:193-205. [PMID: 33740186 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex secreted by alveolar type II epithelial cells and is essential for the maintenance of the delicate structure of mammalian alveoli to promote efficient gas exchange across the air-liquid barrier. The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in pulmonary surfactant modification and secretory trafficking. However, the physiological function of the Golgi apparatus in the transport of pulmonary surfactants is unclear. In the present study, deletion of GM130, which encodes for a matrix protein of the cis-Golgi cisternae, was shown to induce the disruption of the Golgi structure leading to impaired secretion of lung surfactant proteins and lipids. Specifically, the results of in vitro and in vivo analysis indicated that the loss of GM130 resulted in trapping of Sftpa in the endoplasmic reticulum, Sftpb and Sftpc accumulation in the Golgi apparatus, and an increase in the compensatory secretion of Sftpd. Moreover, global and epithelial-specific GM130 knockout in mice resulted in an enlargement of alveolar airspace and an increase in alveolar epithelial autophagy; however, surfactant repletion partially rescued the enlarged airspace defects in GM130-deficient mice. Therefore, our results demonstrate that GM130 and the mammalian Golgi apparatus play a critical role in the control of surfactant protein secretion in pulmonary epithelial cells.
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Wangia-Dixon RN, Nishimwe K. Molecular toxicology and carcinogenesis of fumonisins: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:44-67. [PMID: 33554724 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1867449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisins, discovered in 1988 are a group of naturally occurring toxins produced by fusarium pathogenic fungi. Besides their presence in animal feeds, contamination of human foods such as corn, millet, oats, rye, barley, wheat and their products are widespread. Exposure to fumonisins results in species and organ specific toxicities including neurological disorders among equids, pulmonary edema in swine, esophageal cancer in humans and both kidney and liver related toxicities in rodents. This review seeks to consolidate groundbreaking research on the science of fumonisins toxicity, highlight recent progress on fumonisins research, and provide an overview of plausible mechanistic biomarkers for fumonisins exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nabwire Wangia-Dixon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kizito Nishimwe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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7
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Kinoshita M, Kyo T, Matsumori N. Assembly formation of minor dihydrosphingomyelin in sphingomyelin-rich ordered membrane domains. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11794. [PMID: 32678223 PMCID: PMC7366691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipidome of mammalian cells not only contain sphingomyelin (SM) but also, as a minor component, dihydrosphongomyelin (DHSM), in which the double bond at C4–C5 in the sphingosine base is reduced to a single-bond linkage. It has been indicated that DHSM forms ordered domains more effectively than SM due to its greater potential to induce intermolecular hydrogen bonds. However, direct information on partition and dynamic behaviors of DHSM in raft-like liquid-ordered (Lo) and non-raft-like liquid-disordered (Ld) phase-segregated membranes has been lacking. In the present study, we prepared fluorescent derivatives of DHSM and compared their behaviors to those of fluorescent SM and phosphatidylcholine (PC) derivatives. Fluorescence microscopy showed that DHSM is more preferentially localized to the Lo domains in the Lo/Ld phase-segregated giant unilamellar vesicles than SM and PC. Most importantly, diffusion coefficient measurements indicated that DHSM molecules form DHSM-condensed assembly inside the SM-rich Lo domain of the SM/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol system even when DHSM accounts for 1–3.3 mol% of total lipids. Such heterogeneous distribution of DHSM in the SM-rich Lo domains was further confirmed by inter-lipid FRET experiments. This study provides new insights into the biological functions and significance of minor component DHSM in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kyo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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8
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Grassi S, Giussani P, Mauri L, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:636-654. [PMID: 31871065 PMCID: PMC7193971 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr119000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases.jlr;61/5/636/F1F1f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. mailto:
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9
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Martino Adami PV, Nichtová Z, Weaver DB, Bartok A, Wisniewski T, Jones DR, Do Carmo S, Castaño EM, Cuello AC, Hajnóczky G, Morelli L. Perturbed mitochondria-ER contacts in live neurons that model the amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229906. [PMID: 31515277 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of fixed fibroblasts from familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients has previously indicated an upregulation of mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs) as a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Despite its potential significance, the relevance of these results is limited because they were not extended to live neurons. Here we performed a dynamic in vivo analysis of MERCs in hippocampal neurons from McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats, a model of Alzheimer's disease-like amyloid pathology. Live FRET imaging of neurons from transgenic rats revealed perturbed 'lipid-MERCs' (gap width <10 nm), while 'Ca2+-MERCs' (10-20 nm gap width) were unchanged. In situ TEM showed no significant differences in the lipid-MERCs:total MERCs or lipid-MERCs:mitochondria ratios; however, the average length of lipid-MERCs was significantly decreased in neurons from transgenic rats as compared to controls. In accordance with FRET results, untargeted lipidomics showed significant decreases in levels of 12 lipids and bioenergetic analysis revealed respiratory dysfunction of mitochondria from transgenic rats. Thus, our results reveal changes in MERC structures coupled with impaired mitochondrial functions in Alzheimer's disease-related neurons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Zuzana Nichtová
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David B Weaver
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam Bartok
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- NYU School of Medicine, Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory at NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Eduardo M Castaño
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building 3655 Prom. Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Grassi S, Chiricozzi E, Mauri L, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Sphingolipids and neuronal degeneration in lysosomal storage disorders. J Neurochem 2018; 148:600-611. [PMID: 29959861 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids (both neutral and acidic) are characterized by the presence in the lipid moiety of an aliphatic base known as sphingosine. Altogether, they are called sphingolipids and are particularly abundant in neuronal plasma membranes, where, via interactions with the other membrane lipids and membrane proteins, they play a specific role in modulating the cell signaling processes. The metabolic pathways determining the plasma membrane sphingolipid composition are thus the key point for functional changes of the cell properties. Unnatural changes of the neuronal properties are observed in sphingolipidoses, lysosomal storage diseases occurring when a lysosomal sphingolipid hydrolase is not working, leading to the accumulation of the substrate and to its distribution to all the cell membranes interacting with lysosomes. Moreover, secondary accumulation of sphingolipids is a common trait of other lysosomal storage diseases. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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11
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Sandhoff R, Sandhoff K. Emerging concepts of ganglioside metabolism. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3835-3864. [PMID: 29802621 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides (GGs) are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) and major membrane components enriched on cellular surfaces. Biosynthesis of mammalian GGs starts at the cytosolic leaflet of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes with the formation of their hydrophobic ceramide anchors. After intracellular ceramide transfer to Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) membranes, anabolism of GGs, as well as of other GSLs, is catalyzed by membrane-spanning glycosyltransferases (GTs) along the secretory pathway. Combined activity of only a few promiscuous GTs allows for the formation of cell-type-specific glycolipid patterns. Following an exocytotic vesicle flow to the cellular plasma membranes, GGs can be modified by metabolic reactions at or near the cellular surface. For degradation, GGs are endocytosed to reach late endosomes and lysosomes. Whereas membrane-spanning enzymes of the secretory pathway catalyze GSL and GG formation, a cooperation of soluble glycosidases, lipases and lipid-binding cofactors, namely the sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), act as the main players of GG and GSL catabolism at intralysosomal luminal vesicles (ILVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (G131), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Drücker P, Bachler S, Wolfmeier H, Schoenauer R, Köffel R, Babiychuk VS, Dittrich PS, Draeger A, Babiychuk EB. Pneumolysin-damaged cells benefit from non-homogeneous toxin binding to cholesterol-rich membrane domains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:795-805. [PMID: 29679741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleated cells eliminate lesions induced by bacterial pore-forming toxins, such as pneumolysin via shedding patches of damaged plasmalemma into the extracellular milieu. Recently, we have shown that the majority of shed pneumolysin is present in the form of inactive pre-pores. This finding is surprising considering that shedding is triggered by Ca2+-influx following membrane perforation and therefore is expected to positively discriminate for active pores versus inactive pre-pores. Here we provide evidence for the existence of plasmalemmal domains that are able to attract pneumolysin at high local concentrations. Within such a domain an immediate plasmalemmal perforation induced by a small number of pneumolysin pores would be capable of triggering the elimination of a large number of not yet active pre-pores/monomers and thus pre-empt more frequent and perilous perforation events. Our findings provide further insights into the functioning of the cellular repair machinery which benefits from an inhomogeneous plasmalemmal distribution of pneumolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH, Zurich 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Wolfmeier
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Roman Schoenauer
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - René Köffel
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Viktoria S Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH, Zurich 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Eduard B Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3000 Bern 9, Switzerland.
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Sonnino S, Chiricozzi E, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Gangliosides in Membrane Organization. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 156:83-120. [PMID: 29747825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the structure of GM1 was elucidated 55years ago, researchers have been attracted by the sialylated glycans of gangliosides. Gangliosides head groups, protruding toward the extracellular space, significantly contribute to the cell glycocalyx; and in certain cells, such as neurons, are major determinants of the features of the cell surface. Expression of glycosyltransferases involved in the de novo biosynthesis of gangliosides is tightly regulated along cell differentiation and activation, and is regarded as the main metabolic mechanism responsible for the acquisition of cell-specific ganglioside patterns. The resulting sialooligosaccharides are characterized by a high degree of geometrical complexity and by highly dynamic properties, which seem to be functional for complex interactions with other molecules sitting on the same cellular membrane (cis-interactions) or soluble molecules present in the extracellular environment, or molecules associated with the surface of other cells (trans-interactions). There is no doubt that the multifaceted biological functions of gangliosides are largely dependent on oligosaccharide-mediated molecular interactions. However, gangliosides are amphipathic membrane lipids, and their chemicophysical, aggregational, and, consequently, biological properties are dictated by the properties of the monomers as a whole, which are not merely dependent on the structures of their polar head groups. In this chapter, we would like to focus on the peculiar chemicophysical features of gangliosides (in particular, those of the nervous system), that represent an important driving force determining the organization and properties of cellular membranes, and to emphasize the causal connections between altered ganglioside-dependent membrane organization and relevant pathological conditions.
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14
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Ueda A, Shima S, Murate K, Kikuchi K, Nagao R, Maeda T, Muto E, Niimi Y, Mizutani Y, Mutoh T. Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies modulate membrane-associated sphingomyelin metabolism by altering neutral sphingomyelinase activity. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 89:42-48. [PMID: 29601870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome express autoantibodies against ganglioside GM1 (GM1), although its pathogenic significance for the development of the disease remains to be elucidated. nSMase2 is the best characterized neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) found in neuronal cells. Activation of this enzyme leads to ceramide production, which is a known second messenger of the cell-death program in neuronal cells. We have explored the effects of anti-GM1 antibodies on sphingomyelin metabolism of PC12 cells stably transfected with human trk cDNA (PCtrk cells) by determining their effects on nSMase2 activity. The data we present here strongly suggest that anti-GM1 caused a significant change in sphingomyelin content of the membrane fraction in PCtrk cells. Both nSMase2 activity and the level of nSMase2 protein were significantly decreased by anti-GM1 treatment of PCtrk cells, while acidic SMase activities remained unchanged. Our results indicate, for the first time, that anti-GM1 may produce profound impacts on lipid metabolism in neuronal cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shima
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenitiroh Murate
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kikuchi
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Nagao
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eri Muto
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niimi
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Mutoh
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
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15
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Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingolipid signaling in renal fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:230-247. [PMID: 29343457 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, various sphingolipid subspecies have gained increasing attention as important signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and tissue remodeling. These mediators include ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the cerebroside glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the gangliosides GM3 and Gb3. These lipids have been shown to accumulate in various chronic kidney diseases that typically end in renal fibrosis and ultimately renal failure. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of those enzymes that regulate the generation and interconversion of these lipids, notably the acid sphingomyelinase, the acid sphingomyelinase-like protein SMPDL3B, the sphingosine kinases, the S1P lyase, the glucosylceramide synthase, the GM3 synthase, and the α-galactosidase A, to renal fibrotic diseases. Strategies of manipulating these enzymes for therapeutic purposes and the impact of existing drugs on renal pathologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe- University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Kinoshita M, Ano H, Murata M, Shigetomi K, Ikenouchi J, Matsumori N. Emphatic visualization of sphingomyelin-rich domains by inter-lipid FRET imaging using fluorescent sphingomyelins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16801. [PMID: 29196620 PMCID: PMC5711942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging the distribution of sphingomyelin (SM) in membranes is an important issue in lipid-raft research. Recently we developed novel fluorescent SM analogs that exhibit partition and dynamic behaviors similar to native SM, and succeeded in visualizing lateral domain-segregation between SM-rich liquid-ordered (Lo) and SM-poor liquid-disordered (Ld) domains. However, because the fluorescent contrast between these two domains depends directly on their partition ratio for the fluorescent SMs, domain-separation becomes indeterminate when the distribution difference is not great enough. In this study, we propose the use of inter-lipid Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging between fluorescent SMs to enhance the contrast of the two domains in cases in which the inter-domain difference in SM distribution is inadequate for conventional monochromic imaging. Our results demonstrate that inter-lipid FRET intensity was significantly higher in the Lo domain than in the Ld domain, resulting in a clear and distinguishable contrast between the two domains even in poorly phase-separated giant unilamellar vesicles. In addition, we show that inter-lipid FRET imaging is useful for selective visualization of highly condensed assemblies and/or clusters of SM molecules in living cell membranes. Thus, the inter-lipid FRET imaging technique can selectively emphasize the SM-condensed domains in both artificial and biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Kinoshita
- JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan. .,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Ano
- JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenta Shigetomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- JST-ERATO Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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17
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A plasma metabonomic analysis on potential biomarker in pyrexia induced by three methods using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:214-225. [PMID: 28886580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrexia usually is a systemic pathological process that can lead to metabolic disorders. Metabonomics as a powerful tool not only can reveal the pathological mechanisms, but also can give insight into the progression of pyrexia from another angle. Thus, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS) metabonomic approach was employed for the first time to investigate the plasma biochemical characteristics of pyrexia induced by three methods and to reveal subtle metabolic changes under the condition of pyrexia so as to explore its mechanism. The acquired metabolic data of the models were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for allowing the clear separation of the pyrexia rats from the control rats. Variable importance for project values (VIP) and Student's t-test were used to screen the significant metabolic changes caused by pyrexia. Fifty-two endogenous metabolites were identified and putatively identified as potential biomarkers primarily associated with phospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation metabolism, fatty acid amides metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and related to bile acid biosynthesis and glycerolipid catabolism. LysoPC (14:0), LysoPC (18:3), LysoPC (20:4), LysoPC (16:0), phytosphingosine, Cer (d18:0/12:0), N-[(4E,8E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]hexadecanamide, oleamide, fatty acid amide C22:1, tryptophan, acetylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine and stearoylcarnitine were considered as common potential biomarkers of pyrexia rats induced by three methods: Our results revealed that the UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS-based metabolomic method is helpful for finding new potential metabolic markers for pyrexia detection and offers a good perspective in pyrexia research.
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18
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Kinoshita M, Suzuki KGN, Matsumori N, Takada M, Ano H, Morigaki K, Abe M, Makino A, Kobayashi T, Hirosawa KM, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A, Murata M. Raft-based sphingomyelin interactions revealed by new fluorescent sphingomyelin analogs. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1183-1204. [PMID: 28330937 PMCID: PMC5379944 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) has been proposed to form cholesterol-dependent raft domains and sphingolipid domains in the plasma membrane (PM). How SM contributes to the formation and function of these domains remains unknown, primarily because of the scarcity of suitable fluorescent SM analogs. We developed new fluorescent SM analogs by conjugating a hydrophilic fluorophore to the SM choline headgroup without eliminating its positive charge, via a hydrophilic nonaethylene glycol linker. The new analogs behaved similarly to the native SM in terms of their partitioning behaviors in artificial liquid order-disorder phase-separated membranes and detergent-resistant PM preparations. Single fluorescent molecule tracking in the live-cell PM revealed that they indirectly interact with each other in cholesterol- and sphingosine backbone-dependent manners, and that, for ∼10-50 ms, they undergo transient colocalization-codiffusion with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, CD59 (in monomers, transient-dimer rafts, and clusters), in CD59-oligomer size-, cholesterol-, and GPI anchoring-dependent manners. These results suggest that SM continually and rapidly exchanges between CD59-associated raft domains and the bulk PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Kinoshita
- Lipid Active Structure Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Organization, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenichi G N Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Lipid Active Structure Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Organization, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan .,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Misa Takada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ano
- Lipid Active Structure Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Organization, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morigaki
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Asami Makino
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- UMR 7213 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch 67401, France
| | - Koichiro M Hirosawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro K Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan .,Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Lipid Active Structure Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Organization, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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19
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Glycosphingolipid analysis in a naturally occurring ovine model of acute neuronopathic Gaucher disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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20
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Zhang Q, Xu G, Li J, Guo X, Wang H, Li B, Tu J, Zhang H. Metabonomic study on the plasma of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with Ge Gen Qin Lian Decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:175-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Dornellas APS, Watanabe RLH, Pimentel GD, Boldarine VT, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Ghebremeskel K, Wang Y, Bueno AA, Ribeiro EB. Deleterious effects of lard-enriched diet on tissues fatty acids composition and hypothalamic insulin actions. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 102-103:21-9. [PMID: 26525379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Altered tissue fatty acid (FA) composition may affect mechanisms involved in the control of energy homeostasis, including central insulin actions. In rats fed either standard chow or a lard-enriched chow (high in saturated/low in polyunsaturated FA, HS-LP) for eight weeks, we examined the FA composition of blood, hypothalamus, liver, and retroperitoneal, epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues. Insulin-induced hypophagia and hypothalamic signaling were evaluated after intracerebroventricular insulin injection. HS-LP feeding increased saturated FA content in adipose tissues and serum while it decreased polyunsaturated FA content of adipose tissues, serum, and liver. Hypothalamic C20:5n-3 and C20:3n-6 contents increased while monounsaturated FA content decreased. HS-LP rats showed hyperglycemia, impaired insulin-induced hypophagia and hypothalamic insulin signaling. The results showed that, upon HS-LP feeding, peripheral tissues underwent potentially deleterious alterations in their FA composition, whist the hypothalamus was relatively preserved. However, hypothalamic insulin signaling and hypophagia were drastically impaired. These findings suggest that impairment of hypothalamic insulin actions by HS-LP feeding was not related to tissue FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P S Dornellas
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R L H Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - G D Pimentel
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V T Boldarine
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M O Nascimento
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Ghebremeskel
- Lipidomics and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Paediatrics, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A A Bueno
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - E B Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Aureli M, Grassi S, Prioni S, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. Lipid membrane domains in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1006-16. [PMID: 25677824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain is characterized by the presence of cell types with very different functional specialization, but with the common trait of a very high complexity of structures originated by their plasma membranes. Brain cells bear evident membrane polarization with the creation of different morphological and functional subcompartments, whose formation, stabilization and function require a very high level of lateral order within the membrane. In other words, the membrane specialization of brain cells implies the presence of distinct membrane domains. The brain is the organ with the highest enrichment in lipids like cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and the most recently discovered brain membrane lipid, phosphatidylglucoside, whose collective behavior strongly favors segregation within the membrane leading to the formation of lipid-driven membrane domains. Lipid-driven membrane domains function as dynamic platforms for signal transduction, protein processing, and membrane turnover. Essential events involved in the development and in the maintenance of the functional integrity of the brain depend on the organization of lipid-driven membrane domains, and alterations in lipid homeostasis, leading to deranged lipid-driven membrane organization, are common in several major brain diseases. In this review, we summarize the forces behind the formation of lipid membrane domains and their biological roles in different brain cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy.
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23
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Molino D, Van der Giessen E, Gissot L, Hématy K, Marion J, Barthelemy J, Bellec Y, Vernhettes S, Satiat-Jeunemaître B, Galli T, Tareste D, Faure JD. Inhibition of very long acyl chain sphingolipid synthesis modifies membrane dynamics during plant cytokinesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1842:1422-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Zupancic E, Carreira AC, de Almeida RFM, Silva LC. Biophysical Implications of Sphingosine Accumulation in Membrane Properties at Neutral and Acidic pH. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4858-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zupancic
- iMed.UL
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Carreira
- iMed.UL
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro
de Química e Bioquímica, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida
- Centro
de Química e Bioquímica, DQB, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liana C. Silva
- iMed.UL
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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25
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Skočaj M, Resnik N, Grundner M, Ota K, Rojko N, Hodnik V, Anderluh G, Sobota A, Maček P, Veranič P, Sepčić K. Tracking cholesterol/sphingomyelin-rich membrane domains with the ostreolysin A-mCherry protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92783. [PMID: 24664106 PMCID: PMC3963934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ostreolysin A (OlyA) is an ∼15-kDa protein that has been shown to bind selectively to membranes rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin. In this study, we investigated whether OlyA fluorescently tagged at the C-terminal with mCherry (OlyA-mCherry) labels cholesterol/sphingomyelin domains in artificial membrane systems and in membranes of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. OlyA-mCherry showed similar lipid binding characteristics to non-tagged OlyA. OlyA-mCherry also stained cholesterol/sphingomyelin domains in the plasma membranes of both fixed and living MDCK cells, and in the living cells, this staining was abolished by pretreatment with either methyl-β-cyclodextrin or sphingomyelinase. Double labelling of MDCK cells with OlyA-mCherry and the sphingomyelin-specific markers equinatoxin II-Alexa488 and GST-lysenin, the cholera toxin B subunit as a probe that binds to the ganglioside GM1, or the cholesterol-specific D4 domain of perfringolysin O fused with EGFP, showed different patterns of binding and distribution of OlyA-mCherry in comparison with these other proteins. Furthermore, we show that OlyA-mCherry is internalised in living MDCK cells, and within 90 min it reaches the juxtanuclear region via caveolin-1-positive structures. No binding to membranes could be seen when OlyA-mCherry was expressed in MDCK cells. Altogether, these data clearly indicate that OlyA-mCherry is a promising tool for labelling a distinct pool of cholesterol/sphingomyelin membrane domains in living and fixed cells, and for following these domains when they are apparently internalised by the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Skočaj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Grundner
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Ota
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Rojko
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Hodnik
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrzej Sobota
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Sonnino S, Aureli M, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Lipid Rafts in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:130-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guerra Y, Aljohani AJ, Edwards G, Bhattacharya SK. A comparison of trabecular meshwork sphingolipids and ceramides of ocular normotensive and hypertensive states of DBA/2J mice. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 30:283-90. [PMID: 24320088 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2013.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the differential profiles of sphingomyelin, sphingoid base, sphingoid base-1-phosphate, and ceramide and their quantitative differences between trabecular meshwork (TM) derived from normotensive and hypertensive intraocular pressure states of DBA/2J mice. METHODS Normotensive and hypertensive state TM were collected from mice and analyzed. Lipid extraction was performed using the Bligh and Dyer method, and the protein concentrations were determined using the Bradford method. The lipids were identified and quantified using appropriate standards with a TSQ Quantum Access Max triple quadrupole mass spectrometer applying class-specific lipid identification settings. RESULTS The comparative profiles of sphingomyelin, sphingoid base, sphingoid base-1-phosphate, and ceramide between normotensive and hypertensive TM showed several species unique to a phase and as well common between states. CONCLUSION The presence or absence of several sphingolipids and ceramides in the normotensive or hypertensive states may contribute to better understanding of the glaucomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenifer Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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Flis VV, Daum G. Lipid transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/6/a013235. [PMID: 23732475 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are partially autonomous organelles that depend on the import of certain proteins and lipids to maintain cell survival and membrane formation. Although phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and phosphatidylethanolamine are synthesized by mitochondrial enzymes, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sterols need to be imported from other organelles. The origin of most lipids imported into mitochondria is the endoplasmic reticulum, which requires interaction of these two subcellular compartments. Recently, protein complexes that are involved in membrane contact between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were identified, but their role in lipid transport is still unclear. In the present review, we describe components involved in lipid translocation between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and discuss functional as well as regulatory aspects that are important for lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid V Flis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Yamagata M, Obara K, Kihara A. Unperverted synthesis of complex sphingolipids is essential for cell survival under nitrogen starvation. Genes Cells 2013; 18:650-9. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Yamagata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Keisuke Obara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo; 060-0812; Japan
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Zhu Y, Soroka DN, Sang S. Structure elucidation and chemical profile of sphingolipids in wheat bran and their cytotoxic effects against human colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:866-874. [PMID: 23286461 DOI: 10.1021/jf3047863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are known to have diverse properties and physiological functions. These distinctive lipids have been identified in wheat bran, a food well-known for its chemopreventive activity. However, the complete profile of sphingolipids in wheat bran and their contributions to the cancer preventive effect of wheat bran have not been fully explored until this study. Twelve sphingolipids (1-12) were purified from wheat bran extract and characterized by analyzing their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and seven sphingolipids (13-19) were characterized based on their tandem mass spectra (MS(n): n = 2-4). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sphingolipids 1, 6-9, 11-14, and 16-19 in wheat bran. In particular, 2-N-(2'-hydroxy-15'-tricosenoyl)-4-hydroxysphinganine (peak 17) is a novel compound. Additionally, compounds 2-4 were reported with complete NMR data for the first time. Sphingolipids (1-12) showed little growth inhibition against human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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31
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Dai L, Qi Y, Chen J, Kaczorowski D, Di W, Wang W, Xia P. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 and SphK2 play equivalent roles in mediating insulin's mitogenic action. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:197-207. [PMID: 24422628 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin, an established mitogen that promotes breast cancer cell growth, has been implicated in the link between obesity and an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the current understanding of signaling pathways that mediate the mitogenic action of insulin remains incomplete. Here we provide the first evidence that insulin is capable of activating both sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 and SphK 2, two isoenzymes that often exhibit opposing effects in the regulation of cell survival and growth. Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of both SphK1 and SphK2 in a similar time- and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, both isoenzymes are responsible equally for insulin-induced cell cycle progression and proliferation of MCF7 breast cancer cells, although SphK1 and SphK2 display different roles in mediating insulin-induced ERK1/2 and Akt activation. Moreover, the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3, a key component of the SphK signaling system, is important for insulin-mediated mitogenic action in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, insulin receptor and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) are responsible for the insulin-promoted mitogenic action on MCF7 breast cancer cells. Notably, IGF1R mediates insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of both SphK1 and SphK2, whereas insulin receptor is involved only in SphK1, but not SphK2, activation. Collectively the current study illustrates a new signaling system controlling the mitogenic action of insulin in breast cancer cells, suggesting a new strategy that pharmaceutically targets both isoenzymes of SphK for the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Signal Transduction Program (L.D., Y.Q., J.C., D.K., P.X.), Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.D., W.D.), Renji Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China; and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (W.W., P.X.), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
Chemotherapy is frequently used to treat primary or metastatic cancers, but intrinsic or acquired drug resistance limits its efficiency. Sphingolipids are important regulators of various cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, stress, and inflammatory responses which are linked to various aspects of cancer, like tumor growth, neoangiogenesis, and response to chemotherapy. Ceramide, the central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, generally mediates antiproliferative and proapoptotic functions, whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate and other derivatives have opposing effects. Among the variety of enzymes that control ceramide generation, acid or neutral sphingomyelinases and ceramide synthases are important targets to allow killing of cancer cells by chemotherapeutic drugs. On the contrary, glucosylceramide synthase, ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase are other targets driving cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. This chapter focuses on ceramide-based mechanisms leading to cancer therapy sensitization or resistance which could have some impacts on the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Kolter T. Ganglioside biochemistry. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:506160. [PMID: 25969757 PMCID: PMC4393008 DOI: 10.5402/2012/506160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They occur especially on the cellular surfaces of neuronal cells, where they form a complex pattern, but are also found in many other cell types. The paper provides a general overview on their structures, occurrence, and metabolism. Key functional, biochemical, and pathobiochemical aspects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, LiMES, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Hla T, Dannenberg AJ. Sphingolipid signaling in metabolic disorders. Cell Metab 2012; 16:420-34. [PMID: 22982021 PMCID: PMC3466368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, ubiquitous membrane lipids in eukaryotes, carry out a myriad of critical cellular functions. The past two decades have seen significant advances in sphingolipid research, and in 2010 a first sphingolipid receptor modulator was employed as a human therapeutic. Furthermore, cellular signaling mechanisms regulated by sphingolipids are being recognized as critical players in metabolic diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in cellular and physiological mechanisms of sphingolipid regulation and how sphingolipid signaling influences metabolic diseases. Progress in this area may contribute to new understanding and therapeutic options in complex diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, metabolic syndromes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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36
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Blom T, Li Z, Bittman R, Somerharju P, Ikonen E. Tracking sphingosine metabolism and transport in sphingolipidoses: NPC1 deficiency as a test case. Traffic 2012; 13:1234-43. [PMID: 22607065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2012.01379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The late endosomal/lysosomal compartment (LE/LY) plays a key role in sphingolipid breakdown, with the last degradative step catalyzed by acid ceramidase. The released sphingosine can be converted to ceramide in the ER and transported by ceramide transfer protein (CERT) to the Golgi for conversion to sphingomyelin. The mechanism by which sphingosine exits LE/LY is unknown but Niemann-Pick C1 protein (NPC1) has been suggested to be involved. Here, we used sphingomyelin, ceramide and sphingosine labeled with [(3)H] in carbon-3 of the sphingosine backbone and targeted them to LE/LY in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. These probes traced LE/LY sphingolipid degradation and recycling as suggested by (1) accumulation of [(3)H]-sphingomyelin-derived [(3)H]-ceramide and depletion of [(3)H]-sphingosine upon acid ceramidase depletion, and (2) accumulation of [(3)H]-sphingosine-derived [(3)H]-ceramide and attenuation of [(3)H]-sphingomyelin synthesis upon CERT depletion. NPC1 silencing did not result in the accumulation of [(3)H]-sphingosine derived from [(3)H]-sphingomyelin/LDL or [(3)H]-ceramide/LDL. Additional evidence against NPC1 playing a significant role in LE/LY sphingosine export was obtained in experiments using the [(3)H]-sphingolipids or a fluorescent sphingosine derivative in NPC1 knock-out cells. Instead, NPC1-deficient cells displayed an increased affinity for sphingosine independently of protein-mediated lipid transport. This likely contributes to the increased sphingosine content of NPC1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Blom
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Núñez-Pons L, Carbone M, Paris D, Melck D, Ríos P, Cristobo J, Castelluccio F, Gavagnin M, Avila C. Chemo-ecological studies on hexactinellid sponges from the Southern Ocean. Naturwissenschaften 2012; 99:353-68. [PMID: 22430814 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-012-0907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexactinellids (glass sponges) are an understudied class with syncytial organization and poor procariotic associations, thought to lack defensive secondary metabolites. Poriferans, though, are outstanding sources of bioactive compounds; nonetheless, a growing suspicion suggests that many of these chemicals could be symbiont-derived. In Polar latitudes, sponges are readily invaded by diatoms, which could provide natural products. Hexactinellids are typical of deep waters; but in Antarctica, they dominate the upper shelf providing shelter and food supply to many opportunistic mesograzers and macroinvertebrates, which exert strong ecological pressures on them. Aiming to examine the incidence of defensive activities of hexactinellids against consumption, feeding experiments were conducted using their lipophilic fractions. Antarctic hexactinellid and demosponge extracts were tested against the asteroid Odontaster validus and the amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus as putative sympatric, omnivorous consumers. Hexactinellids yielded greater unpalatable activities towards the amphipod, while no apparent allocation of lipophilic defenses was noted. After chemical analyses on the lipophilic fractions from these Antarctic glass sponges, quite similar profiles were revealed, and no peculiar secondary metabolites, comparable to those characterizing other poriferans, were found. Instead, the lipidic compounds 5α(H)-cholestan-3-one and two glycoceramides were isolated for their particular outspread presence in our samples. The isolated compounds were further assessed in asteroid feeding assays, and their occurrence was evaluated for chemotaxonomical purposes in all the Antarctic samples as well as in glass sponges from other latitudes by NMR and MS. Characteristic sphingolipids are proposed as chemical markers in Hexactinellida, with possible contributions to the classification of this unsettled class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez-Pons
- Departament de Biologia Animal (Invertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
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Singh A, Wang H, Silva LC, Na C, Prieto M, Futerman AH, Luberto C, Del Poeta M. Methylation of glycosylated sphingolipid modulates membrane lipid topography and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:500-16. [PMID: 22151739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we showed that the replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in the lung environment is controlled by the glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase gene (GCS1), which synthesizes the membrane sphingolipid GlcCer from the C9-methyl ceramide. Here, we studied the effect of the mutation of the sphingolipid C9 methyltransferase gene (SMT1), which adds a methyl group to position 9 of the sphingosine backbone of ceramide. The C. neoformans Δsmt1 mutant does not make C9-methyl ceramide and, thus, any methylated GlcCer. However, it accumulates demethylated ceramide and demethylated GlcCer. The Δsmt1 mutant loses more than 80% of its virulence compared with the wild type and the reconstituted strain. Interestingly, growth of C. neoformans Δsmt1 in the lung was decreased and C. neoformans cells were contained in lung granulomas, which significantly reduced the rate of their dissemination to the brain reducing the onset of meningoencephalitis. Thus, using fluorescent spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy we compared the wild type and Δsmt1 mutant and found that the altered membrane composition and GlcCer structure affects fungal membrane rigidity, suggesting that specific sphingolipid structures are required for proper fungal membrane organization and integrity. Therefore, we propose that the physical structure of the plasma membrane imparted by specific classes of sphingolipids represents a critical factor for the ability of the fungus to establish virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Singh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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de la Monte SM. Triangulated mal-signaling in Alzheimer's disease: roles of neurotoxic ceramides, ER stress, and insulin resistance reviewed. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30 Suppl 2:S231-49. [PMID: 22337830 PMCID: PMC4550324 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides are lipid signaling molecules that cause cytotoxicity and cell death mediated by insulin resistance, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, insulin resistance dysregulates lipid metabolism, which promotes ceramide accumulation with attendant inflammation and ER stress. Herein, we discuss two major pathways, extrinsic and intrinsic, that converge and often overlap in propagating AD-type neurodegeneration via a triangulated mal-signaling network. First, we review evidence that systemic insulin resistance diseases linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis promote neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, we propose that toxic ceramides generated in extra-CNS tissues (e.g., liver) get released into peripheral blood, and subsequently transit across the blood-brain barrier into the brain where they induce brain insulin resistance, inflammation, and cell death (extrinsic pathway). Then we discuss the role of the intrinsic pathway of neurodegeneration which is mediated by endogenous or primary brain insulin/IGF resistance, and impairs neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival, energy metabolism, membrane integrity, cytoskeletal function, and AβPP-Aβ secretion. The end result is increased ER stress and ceramide generation, which exacerbate brain insulin resistance, cell death, myelin degeneration, and neuroinflammation. Altogether, the data suggest that the triangulated mal-signaling network mediated by toxic ceramides, ER stress, and insulin resistance should be targeted to disrupt positive feedback loops that drive the AD neurodegeneration cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. SuzanneDeLaMonte
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40
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Quinn PJ. The structure of complexes between phosphatidylethanolamine and glucosylceramide: A matrix for membrane rafts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2894-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Gangliosides and the multiscale modulation of membrane structure. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:796-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Kolter T. A view on sphingolipids and disease. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:590-606. [PMID: 21570958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid levels and expression of sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes are altered in a variety of diseases or in response to drug treatment. Inherited defects of enzymes and other proteins required for the lysosomal degradation of these lipids lead to human sphingolipidoses. Also genetic defects that affect sphingolipid biosynthesis are known. Although the molecular details are often far from clear, (glyco)sphingolipids have been implicated to play a role in atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, cancer, and infections by pathogens. More general aspects of selected diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- LiMES-Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Bonn, Germany.
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The ceramide-enriched trans-Golgi compartments reorganize together with other parts of the Golgi apparatus in response to ATP-depletion. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:159-71. [PMID: 21225431 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ceramide-enriched trans-Golgi compartments representing sites of synthesis of sphingomyelin and higher organized lipids were visualized in control and ATP-depleted hepatoma and endothelial cells using internalization of BODIPY-ceramide and the diaminobenzidine photooxidation method for combined light-electron microscopical exploration. Metabolic stress induced by lowering the cellular ATP-levels leads to reorganizations of the Golgi apparatus and the appearance of tubulo-glomerular bodies and networks. The results obtained with three different protocols, in which BODIPY-ceramide either was applied prior to, concomitantly with, or after ATP-depletion, revealed that the ceramide-enriched compartments reorganize together with other parts of the Golgi apparatus under these conditions. They were found closely associated with and integrated in the tubulo-glomerular bodies formed in response to ATP-depletion. This is in line with the changes of the staining patterns obtained with the Helix pomatia lectin and the GM130 and TGN46 immuno-reactions occurring in response to ATP-depletion and is confirmed by 3D electron tomography. The 3D reconstructions underlined the glomerular character of the reorganized Golgi apparatus and demonstrated continuities of ceramide positive and negative parts. Most interestingly, BODIPY-ceramide becomes concentrated in compartments of the tubulo-glomerular Golgi bodies, even though the reorganization took place before BODIPY-ceramide administration. This indicates maintained functionalities although the regular Golgi stack organization is abolished; the results provide novel insights into Golgi structure-function relationships, which might be relevant for cells affected by metabolic stress.
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Sphingolipid metabolism and analysis in metabolic disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 721:1-17. [PMID: 21910079 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0650-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important class of structural and signaling molecules within the cell. As sphingolipids have been implicated in the development and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, it is important to understand their regulation and metabolism. Although these lipids are initially produced through a common pathway, there is no "generic" sphingolipid. Indeed, the biophysical and signaling properties of lipids may be manipulated by the subunit composition or isoform of their synthetic enzymes, via regulation of substrate integration. Functionally distinct pools of chemically-equivalent lipids may also be generated by de novo synthesis and recycling of existing complex sphingolipids. The highly integrated metabolism of the many bioactive sphingolipids means that manipulation of one enzyme or metabolite can result in a ripple effect, causing unforeseen changes in metabolite levels, enzyme activities, and cellular programmes. Fortunately, a suite of techniques, ranging from thin-layer chromatography to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches, allows investigators to undertake a functional characterization of all or part of the sphingolipidome in their systems of interest.
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45
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Breslow DK, Weissman JS. Membranes in balance: mechanisms of sphingolipid homeostasis. Mol Cell 2010; 40:267-79. [PMID: 20965421 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids and their metabolites play key cellular roles both as structural components of membranes and as signaling molecules that mediate responses to physiologic cues and stresses. Despite progress during the last two decades in defining the enzymatic machinery responsible for synthesizing and degrading sphingolipids, comparatively little is known about how these enzymes are regulated to ensure sphingolipid homeostasis. Here, we review new insights into how cells sense and control sphingolipid biosynthesis and transport. We also discuss emerging evidence that sphingolipid metabolism is closely coordinated with that of sterols and glycerolipids and with other processes that occur in the secretory pathway. An improved understanding of sphingolipid homeostasis promises to shed light on basic processes in cell biology and disease, including how cells establish and maintain the complex membrane composition and architecture that is a defining feature of eukaryotic cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Breslow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4(th) Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Mielke MM, Bandaru VVR, McArthur JC, Chu M, Haughey NJ. Disturbance in cerebral spinal fluid sphingolipid content is associated with memory impairment in subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol 2010; 16:445-56. [PMID: 21087113 PMCID: PMC3144420 DOI: 10.3109/13550284.2010.525599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of antiretroviral therapies to control replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dysfunctions of cognition that are collectively termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) still occur in approximately 50% of those infected by the virus. Currently there is not a biomarker that can identify HIV-infected people who are at risk for the development of HAND. Previous studies have identified particular sphingolipid species that are dysregulated in HAND, but the neurocognitive correlates of these biochemical findings are not currently understood. To address this question, we compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sterol species with performance on standard neurological tests designed to assess the function of multiple cognitive and motor domains in HIV-infected subjects. We found that sphingomyelin:ceramide ratios for acyl chain lengths of C16:0, C18:0, C22:0, and C24:0 were associated with worse performance on several indices of memory. The most striking finding was for the acyl chain of C18:0 that consistently associated with performance on multiple tests of memory. These findings suggest that the sphingomyelin:ceramide ratio for C18:0 may be a reasonable surrogate marker for memory dysfunction in HIV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard T. Johnson Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Mielke MM, Bandaru VVR, McArthur JC, Chu M, Haughey NJ. Disturbance in cerebral spinal fluid sphingolipid content is associated with memory impairment in subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Neurovirol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03210850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Patwardhan GA, Liu YY. Sphingolipids and expression regulation of genes in cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2010; 50:104-14. [PMID: 20970453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids including glycosphingolipids have myriad effects on cell functions and affect cancer in aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis and tumor response to treatments. Bioactive ones like ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate and globotriaosylceramide initiate and process cellular signaling to alter cell behaviors immediately responding to oncogenic stress or treatment challenges. Recent studies pinpoint that sphingolipid-mediated gene expression has long and profound impacts on cancer cells, and these play crucial roles in tumor progression and in treatment outcome. More than 10 sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids selectively mediate expressions of approximately 50 genes including c-myc, p21, c-fos, telomerase reverse transcriptase, caspase-9, Bcl-x, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases, integrins, Oct-4, glucosylceramide synthase and multidrug-resistant gene 1. By diverse functions of these genes, sphingolipids enduringly affect cellular processes of mitosis, apoptosis, migration, stemness of cancer stem cells and cellular resistance to therapies. Mechanistic studies indicate that sphingolipids regulate particular gene expression by modulating phosphorylation and acetylation of proteins that serve as transcription factors (β-catenin, Sp1), repressor of transcription (histone H3), and regulators (SRp30a) in RNA splicing. Disclosing molecular mechanisms by which sphingolipids selectively regulate particular gene expression, instead of other relevant ones, requires understanding of the exact roles of individual lipid instead of a group, the signaling pathways that are implicated in and interaction with proteins or other lipids in details. These studies not only expand our knowledge of sphingolipids, but can also suggest novel targets for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Patwardhan
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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