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Zhu Q, Zhang N. Gut Microbiome Composition in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Adult Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1800-1818. [PMID: 38212581 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder that is frequently linked to anovulation in women who are experiencing infertility. Intestinal flora, also known as the "second genome" of the host, is closely associated with chronic metabolic diseases. Recently, there has been increasing attention on the connection between PCOS and the gut microbiome, and experiments have been conducted. However, the results were unsatisfactory and inconsistent. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature investigating the associations between the gut microbiome and PCOS in adults. The goal is to identify whether there are changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in individuals with PCOS. This is the first systematic review to focus on functional alterations in the gut microbiome, which could provide insights into potential mechanisms of microbial involvement in the development of PCOS. We found that there was no significant change in gut microbiome biodiversity in PCOS. Meta-analyses of three studies revealed a significantly higher abundance of Proteobacteria (1.12, 95% CI, 0.21, 2.02, I2 = 0%) in adults with PCOS. At the genus level, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella were found to be enriched in patients with PCOS. Species such as Ruminococcus gnavus group, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Bacteroides fragilis showed an increase in PCOS. Metabolic pathways associated with glucose, lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and protein absorption were found to be enriched in individuals with PCOS. The gut microbiome in PCOS is not characterized by lower diversity, but the composition is altered at the phylum, family, genus, or species level. Consequently, the metabolic pathway differs according to the phenotype of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China.
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Fo X, Pei ML, Liu PJ, Zhu F, Zhang Y, Mu X. Metagenomic analysis revealed the association between gut microbiota and different ovary responses to controlled ovarian stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14930. [PMID: 38942886 PMCID: PMC11213867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between gut microbial taxonomy and various ovarian responses to controlled ovarian stimulation. A total of 22 IVF cycles with a follicle-to-oocyte index (FOI) < 0.5 and 25 IVF cycles with FOI ≥ 0.5 were included in this study. Baseline demographic characteristics were compared between the two groups. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to analyze fecal microbial community profiles. Mice were used to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium_longum on ovarian response to stimulation. Compared with FOI < 0.5 group, women in group with FOI ≥ 0.5 had significant more oocytes retrieved (p < 0.01). Prevotella_copri, Bateroides_vulgatus, Escherichia_coli and Bateroides_stercoris were more abundant in FOI < 0.5 group while Bifidobacterium_longum, Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii, Ruminococcus_gnavus and Bifidobacterium_pseudocatenula were more abundant in FOI ≥ 0.5 group. After adjusting for women's age and BMI, Pearson correlation analysis indicated alteration of gut microbiome was related with serum E2, FSH, number of oocytes retrieved and clinical pregnancy rate. Animal study showed ovarian response will be improved after Bifidobacterium_longum applied. An increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella copri, as well as a decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium longum, have been found to be associated with poor ovarian responsiveness. Changes in gut microbiomes have been observed to be correlated with certain clinical characteristics. The potential enhancement of ovarian response may be facilitated by the integration of Bifidobacterium longum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Fo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Li Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Mu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- The Assisted Reproductive Medicine Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, No. 1616, Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Kujanpää L, Arffman RK, Pesonen P, Hurskainen E, Järvelin MR, Franks S, Tapanainen JS, Morin-Papunen L, Piltonen TT. Polycystic ovary syndrome presents as a multimorbid condition by age 50: birth cohort linkage to national register data. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:409-420. [PMID: 38781435 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This population-based follow-up study investigated register-based disease diagnoses and medication use up till age of 50 years among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that were identified from a population-based birth cohort. DESIGN Population-based longitudinal cohort study. PATIENTS Women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 and/or who were diagnosed with PCOS by a physician by age 46 (n = 244) and women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1556) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES National register data on diagnosed diseases (International Statistical Classification of Diseases [ICD]-8-10) and medication use (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) until the age of 50. RESULTS Women with PCOS had a 26% higher risk for any registered diagnosis (risk ratio [RR]: 1.26 [1.09-1.46]) and a 24% higher risk for medication use (RR: 1.24 [1.05-1.46]) compared with non-PCOS women, even after adjusting for several confounders. Several main ICD categories were more prevalent among women with PCOS versus non-PCOS controls, eg, endocrine, metabolic, nervous system, musculoskeletal, and genitourinary diseases in addition with different symptoms and injuries. Surprisingly, even though the overall morbidity was only increased in women with PCOS with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, there were several ICD main categories that showed higher comorbidity risk especially in women with PCOS with a BMI < 25 kg/m2. Several medications were prescribed more often to women with PCOS versus non-PCOS controls, eg, medications related to the alimentary tract and metabolism, the cardiovascular system, genitourinary system drugs and sex hormones, dermatologic and hormonal preparations, and medications to treat the musculoskeletal, nervous, and respiratory systems. CONCLUSION Women with PCOS are burdened with multimorbidity and higher medication use, independent of BMI and other confounders. Accordingly, preventive strategies are needed to alleviate the disease burden and improve the health outcomes of women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kujanpää
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka K Arffman
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa Hurskainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life-Course Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, SW7 2BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HFR-Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg, University of Fribourg, 79085 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Lee S, Tejesvi MV, Hurskainen E, Aasmets O, Plaza-Díaz J, Franks S, Morin-Papunen L, Tapanainen JS, Ruuska TS, Altmäe S, Org E, Salumets A, Arffman RK, Piltonen TT. Gut bacteriome and mood disorders in women with PCOS. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1291-1302. [PMID: 38614956 PMCID: PMC11145006 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does the gut bacteriome differ based on mood disorders (MDs) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and how can the gut bacteriome contribute to the associations between these two conditions? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with PCOS who also have MDs exhibited a distinct gut bacteriome with reduced alpha diversity and a significantly lower abundance of Butyricicoccus compared to women with PCOS but without MDs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with PCOS have a 4- to 5-fold higher risk of having MDs compared to women without PCOS. The gut bacteriome has been suggested to influence the pathophysiology of both PCOS and MDs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This population-based cohort study was derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966), which includes all women born in Northern Finland in 1966. Women with PCOS who donated a stool sample at age 46 years (n = 102) and two BMI-matched controls for each case (n = 205), who also responded properly to the MD criteria scales, were included. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 102 women with PCOS and 205 age- and BMI-matched women without PCOS were included. Based on the validated MD criteria, the subjects were categorized into MD or no-MD groups, resulting in the following subgroups: PCOS no-MD (n = 84), PCOS MD (n = 18), control no-MD (n = 180), and control MD (n = 25). Clinical characteristics were assessed at age 31 years and age 46 years, and stool samples were collected from the women at age 46 years, followed by the gut bacteriome analysis using 16 s rRNA sequencing. Alpha diversity was assessed using observed features and Shannon's index, with a focus on genera, and beta diversity was characterized using principal components analysis (PCA) with Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity at the genus level. Associations between the gut bacteriome and PCOS-related clinical features were explored by Spearman's correlation coefficient. A P-value for multiple testing was adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) method. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed changes in the gut bacteriome associated with MDs, irrespective of whether the women also had PCOS. Similarly, PCOS MD cases showed a lower alpha diversity (Observed feature, PCOS no-MD, median 272; PCOS MD, median 208, FDR = 0.01; Shannon, PCOS no-MD, median 5.95; PCOS MD, median 5.57, FDR = 0.01) but also a lower abundance of Butyricicoccus (log-fold changeAnalysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC)=-0.90, FDRANCOM-BC=0.04) compared to PCOS no-MD cases. In contrast, in the controls, the gut bacteriome did not differ based on MDs. Furthermore, in the PCOS group, Sutterella showed positive correlations with PCOS-related clinical parameters linked to obesity (BMI, r2=0.31, FDR = 0.01; waist circumference, r2=0.29, FDR = 0.02), glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, r2=0.46, FDR < 0.001; fasting insulin, r2=0.24, FDR = 0.05), and gut barrier integrity (zonulin, r2=0.25, FDR = 0.03). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although this was the first study to assess the link between the gut bacteriome and MDs in PCOS and included the largest PCOS dataset for the gut microbiome analysis, the number of subjects stratified by the presence of MDs was limited when contrasted with previous studies that focused on MDs in a non-selected population. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The main finding is that gut bacteriome is associated with MDs irrespective of the PCOS status, but PCOS may also modulate further the connection between the gut bacteriome and MDs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement (MATER, No. 813707), the Academy of Finland (project grants 315921, 321763, 336449), the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF21OC0070372), grant numbers PID2021-12728OB-100 (Endo-Map) and CNS2022-135999 (ROSY) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERFD A Way of Making Europe. The study was also supported by EU QLG1-CT-2000-01643 (EUROBLCS) (E51560), NorFA (731, 20056, 30167), USA/NIH 2000 G DF682 (50945), the Estonian Research Council (PRG1076, PRG1414), EMBO Installation (3573), and Horizon 2020 Innovation Grant (ERIN, No. EU952516). The funders did not participate in any process of the study. We have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M V Tejesvi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - E Hurskainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - O Aasmets
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Plaza-Díaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Franks
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, HFR—Cantonal Hospital of and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - T S Ruuska
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Altmäe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R K Arffman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Xiao L, Zuo Z, Zhao F. Microbiome in Female Reproductive Health: Implications for Fertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 22:qzad005. [PMID: 38862423 PMCID: PMC11104452 DOI: 10.1093/gpbjnl/qzad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a critical role in the process of conception and the outcomes of pregnancy. Disruptions in microbiome homeostasis in women of reproductive age can lead to various pregnancy complications, which significantly impact maternal and fetal health. Recent studies have associated the microbiome in the female reproductive tract (FRT) with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, and restoring microbiome balance has been shown to improve fertility in infertile couples. This review provides an overview of the role of the microbiome in female reproductive health, including its implications for pregnancy outcomes and ARTs. Additionally, recent advances in the use of microbial biomarkers as indicators of pregnancy disorders are summarized. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the microbiome before and during pregnancy and its impact on reproductive health will greatly promote maternal and fetal health. Such knowledge can also contribute to the development of ARTs and microbiome-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science/Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zuo
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science/Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science/Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yun C, Yan S, Liao B, Ding Y, Qi X, Zhao M, Wang K, Zhuo Y, Nie Q, Ye C, Xia P, Ma M, Li R, Jiang C, Qiao J, Pang Y. The microbial metabolite agmatine acts as an FXR agonist to promote polycystic ovary syndrome in female mice. Nat Metab 2024; 6:947-962. [PMID: 38769396 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine disorder afflicting 6-20% of women of reproductive age globally, has been linked to alterations in the gut microbiome. We previously showed that in PCOS, elevation of Bacteroides vulgatus in the gut microbiome was associated with altered bile acid metabolism. Here we show that B. vulgatus also induces a PCOS-like phenotype in female mice via an alternate mechanism independent of bile acids. We find that B. vulgatus contributes to PCOS-like symptoms through its metabolite agmatine, which is derived from arginine by arginine decarboxylase. Mechanistically, agmatine activates the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway to subsequently inhibit glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion by L cells, which leads to insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction. Critically, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide and the arginine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylarginine ameliorate ovarian dysfunction in a PCOS-like mouse model. These findings reveal that agmatine-FXR-GLP-1 signalling contributes to ovarian dysfunction, presenting a potential therapeutic target for PCOS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhuo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Kong FS, Huang P, Chen JH, Ma Y. The Novel Insight of Gut Microbiota from Mouse Model to Clinical Patients and the Role of NF-κB Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3. [PMID: 38653859 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and related symptoms in women of reproductive age. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a significant role in the development of PCOS. The gut microbiota, a complex bacterial ecosystem, has been extensively studied for various diseases, including PCOS, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This review comprehensively summarizes the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites observed in PCOS and their potential association with the condition. Additionally, we discuss the role of abnormal nuclear factor κB signaling in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of PCOS and may pave the way for the development of control and therapeutic strategies for this condition in clinical practice. By bridging the gap between mouse models and clinical patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and inflammation in PCOS, thus paving new ways for future investigations and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panwang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Singh V, Mahra K, Jung D, Shin JH. Gut Microbes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Associated Comorbidities; Type 2 Diabetes, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), and the Potential of Microbial Therapeutics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10262-y. [PMID: 38647957 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine anomalies among females of reproductive age, highlighted by hyperandrogenism. PCOS is multifactorial as it can be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia. PCOS also leads to dysbiosis by lowering microbial diversity and beneficial microbes, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Akkermenisa, and Bifidobacterium, and by causing a higher load of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, and Sutterella. Wherein, butyrate producers and Akkermansia participate in the glucose uptake by inducing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose metabolism, respectively. The abovementioned gut microbes also maintain the gut barrier function and glucose homeostasis by releasing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Amuc_1100 protein. In addition, PCOS-associated gut is found to be higher in gut-microbial enzyme β-glucuronidase, causing the de-glucuronidation of conjugated androgen, making it susceptible to reabsorption by entero-hepatic circulation, leading to a higher level of androgen in the circulatory system. Overall, in PCOS, such dysbiosis increases the gut permeability and LPS in the systemic circulation, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the circulatory system, chronic inflammation in the adipose tissue and liver, and oxidative stress and lipid accumulation in the liver. Thus, in women with PCOS, dysbiosis can promote the progression and severity of type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To alleviate such PCOS-associated complications, microbial therapeutics (probiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation) can be used without any side effects, unlike in the case of hormonal therapy. Therefore, this study sought to understand the mechanistic significance of gut microbes in PCOS and associated comorbidities, along with the role of microbial therapeutics that can ease the life of PCOS-affected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kanika Mahra
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - DaRyung Jung
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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9
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Pérez-Prieto I, Rodríguez-Santisteban A, Altmäe S. Beyond the reproductive tract: gut microbiome and its influence on gynecological health. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024:00075197-990000000-00151. [PMID: 38598655 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The analysis of microbiome in association with female health is today a "hot topic" with the main focus on microbes in the female reproductive tract. Nevertheless, recent studies are providing novel information of the possible influence of the gut microbiome on gynecological health outcomes, especially as we start to understand that the gut microbiome is an extended endocrine organ influencing female hormonal levels. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the gut microbes in association with gynecological health. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiome has been associated with endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, gynecological cancers, and infertility, although there is a lack of consistency and consensus among studies due to different study designs and protocols used, and the studies in general are underpowered. SUMMARY The interconnection between the gut microbiome and reproductive health is complex and further research is warranted. The current knowledge in the field emphasizes the link between the microbiome and gynecological health outcomes, with high potential for novel diagnostic and treatment tools via modulation of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Kumari N, Kumari R, Dua A, Singh M, Kumar R, Singh P, Duyar-Ayerdi S, Pradeep S, Ojesina AI, Kumar R. From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300688. [PMID: 38342595 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism through the "estrobolome," the collection of bacterial genes that encode enzymes like β-glucuronidases and β-glucosidases. These enzymes deconjugate and reactivate estrogen, influencing circulating levels. The estrobolome mediates the enterohepatic circulation and bioavailability of estrogen. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and estrobolome function have been associated with estrogen-related diseases like breast cancer, enometrial cancer, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is likely due to dysregulated estrogen signaling partly contributed by the microbial impacts on estrogen metabolism. Dietary phytoestrogens also undergo bacterial metabolism into active metabolites like equol, which binds estrogen receptors and exhibits higher estrogenic potency than its precursor daidzein. However, the ability to produce equol varies across populations, depending on the presence of specific gut microbes. Characterizing the estrobolome and equol-producing genes across populations can provide microbiome-based biomarkers. Further research is needed to investigate specific components of the estrobolome, phytoestrogen-microbiota interactions, and mechanisms linking dysbiosis to estrogen-related pathology. However, current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is an integral regulator of estrogen status with clinical relevance to women's health and hormonal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Kumari
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Zoology, College of Commerce, Arts & Science, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, 800020, India
| | - Ankita Dua
- Department of Zoology, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110027, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Roushan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Poonam Singh
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
| | - Susan Duyar-Ayerdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, 824234, India
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Salehi S, Allahverdy J, Pourjafar H, Sarabandi K, Jafari SM. Gut Microbiota and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Understanding the Pathogenesis and the Role of Probiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10223-5. [PMID: 38421576 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders among women in modern societies. A variety of factors can contribute to the development of PCOS. These women often exhibit high insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, irregular periods, and infertility. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GMB) in women with PCOS has attracted the attention of many researchers. Porphyromonas spp., B. coprophilus, and F. prausnitzii are found in higher numbers in the gut of women with PCOS. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the intestinal microbiota through fermentation, play an essential role in regulating metabolic activities and are helpful in reducing insulin resistance and improving PCOS symptoms. According to studies, the bacteria producing SCFAs in the gut of these women are less abundant than in healthy women. The effectiveness of using probiotic supplements has been proven to improve the condition of women with PCOS. Daily consumption of probiotics improves dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome and increases the production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salehi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Allahverdy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khashayar Sarabandi
- Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Km 12 Mashhad-Quchan Highway, PO Box 91895, Mashhad, 157-356, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhu H, Li M, Bi D, Yang H, Gao Y, Song F, Zheng J, Xie R, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yan X, Kong C, Zhu Y, Xu Q, Wei Q, Qin H. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes tumor progression in KRAS p.G12D-mutant colorectal cancer by binding to DHX15. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1688. [PMID: 38402201 PMCID: PMC10894276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) promotes intestinal tumor growth and its relative abundance varies greatly among patients with CRC, suggesting the presence of unknown, individual-specific effectors in F. nucleatum-dependent carcinogenesis. Here, we identify that F. nucleatum is enriched preferentially in KRAS p.G12D mutant CRC tumor tissues and contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis in Villin-Cre/KrasG12D+/- mice. Additionally, Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) competes with F. nucleatum in the G12D mouse model and human CRC tissues with the KRAS mutation. Orally gavaged P. distasonis in mice alleviates the F. nucleatum-dependent CRC progression. F. nucleatum invades intestinal epithelial cells and binds to DHX15, a protein of RNA helicase family expressed on CRC tumor cells, mechanistically involving ERK/STAT3 signaling. Knock out of Dhx15 in Villin-Cre/KrasG12D+/- mice attenuates the CRC phenotype. These findings reveal that the oncogenic effect of F. nucleatum depends on somatic genetics and gut microbial ecology and indicate that personalized modulation of the gut microbiota may provide a more targeted strategy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dexi Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huiqiong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yaohui Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruting Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou University Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou, 225000, China
| | - Cheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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13
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Xiong C, Wu J, Ma Y, Li N, Wang X, Li Y, Ding X. Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Gut Microbiota in Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice: Compared Evaluation of Liraglutide and Semaglutide Intervention. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:865-880. [PMID: 38406269 PMCID: PMC10894520 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s451129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent cause of infertility in reproductive-age women. Our work aims to evaluate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on gut microbiota, with metabolic parameters including body weight and the hormone profile in PCOS. Patients and Methods Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mice were established and then treated with two GLP-1RAs: liraglutide and novel form semaglutide for four weeks. Changes in body weight and metabolic parameters were measured. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using metagenomic sequencing. Results Liraglutide and semaglutide modulated both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in PCOS. Liraglutide increased the Bacillota-to-Bacteroidota ratio through up-regulating the abundance of butyrate-producing members of Bacillota like Lachnospiraceae. Moreover, liraglutide showed the ability to reverse the altered microbial composition and the disrupted microbiota functions caused by PCOS. Semaglutide increased the abundance of Helicobacter in PCOS mice (p < 0.01) which was the only bacteria found negatively correlated with body weight. Moreover, pathways involving porphyrin and flavonoids were increased after semaglutide intervention. Conclusion Liraglutide and semaglutide improved reproductive and metabolic disorders by modulating the whole structure of gut microbiota in PCOS. The greater efficacy in weight loss compared with liraglutide observed after semaglutide intervention was positively related with Helicobacter. The study may provide new ideas in the treatment and the underlying mechanisms of GLP-1RAs to improve PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhao Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingzhu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Sun J, Wang M, Kan Z. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome: a literature review and Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1280983. [PMID: 38362275 PMCID: PMC10867277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1280983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have suggested an association between gut microbiota and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, the causal relationship between these two factors remains unclear. Methods A review of observational studies was conducted to compare changes in gut microbiota between PCOS patients and controls. The analysis focused on four levels of classification, namely, phylum, family, genus, and species/genus subgroups. To further investigate the causal relationship, Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on gut microbiota from the MiBioGen consortium, as well as GWAS data from a large meta-analysis of PCOS. Additionally, a reverse MR was performed, and the results were verified through sensitivity analyses. Results The present review included 18 observational studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The abundance of 64 gut microbiota taxa significantly differed between PCOS patients and controls. Using the MR method, eight bacteria were identified as causally associated with PCOS. The protective effects of the genus Sellimonas on PCOS remained significant after applying Bonferroni correction. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in the instrumental variables (IVs). Reverse MR analyses did not reveal a significant causal effect of PCOS on gut microbiota. Conclusion The differences in gut microbiota between PCOS patients and controls vary across observational studies. However, MR analyses identified specific gut microbiota taxa that are causally related to PCOS. Future studies should investigate the gut microbiota that showed significant results in the MR analyses, as well as the underlying mechanisms of this causal relationship and its potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhisheng Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Chen A, Handzel A, Sau L, Cui L, Kelley ST, Thackray VG. Metabolic dysregulation and gut dysbiosis linked to hyperandrogenism in female mice. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e443. [PMID: 37872876 PMCID: PMC10782063 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine pathology in women. In addition to infertility, women with PCOS have metabolic dysregulation which predisposes them to Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, women with PCOS have changes in their gut microbial community that may be indicative of dysbiosis. While hyperandrogenism is associated with both the development of metabolic dysfunction and gut dysbiosis in females, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. METHODS We used dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and ovariectomy (OVX) mouse models coupled with metabolic assessments and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the contributions of hyperandrogenism and oestrogen deficiency to the development of insulin resistance and gut microbial dysbiosis in pubertal female mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that, while DHT treatment or OVX alone were insufficient to induce insulin resistance during the pubertal-to-adult transition, combining OVX with DHT resulted in insulin resistance similar to that observed in letrozole-treated mice with elevated testosterone and decreased oestrogen levels. In addition, our results showed that OVX and DHT in combination resulted in a distinct shift in the gut microbiome compared to DHT or OVX alone, suggesting that the substantial metabolic dysregulation occurring in the OVX + DHT model was accompanied by unique changes in the abundances of gut bacteria including S24-7, Rikenellaceae and Mucispirillum schaedleri. CONCLUSIONS While hyperandrogenism plays an important role in the development of metabolic dysregulation in female mice, our results indicate that investigation into additional factors influencing insulin resistance and the gut microbiome during the pubertal-to-adult transition could provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alex Handzel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics ProgramSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lillian Sau
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Laura Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Scott T. Kelley
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics ProgramSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Varykina G. Thackray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego, La JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Guo H, Luo J, Lin H. Exploration of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome based on gut microbiota: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36075. [PMID: 38115365 PMCID: PMC10727628 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorde7r influenced by genetic, neuroendocrine, metabolic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This paper delves into the increasingly recognized role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the onset and progression of PCOS. Utilizing advances in next-generation sequencing and metabolomics, the research examines the intricate interaction between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. The paper highlights how disruptions in gut microbiota contribute significantly to PCOS by modulating the release of gut-brain peptides and activating inflammatory pathways. Through such mechanisms, gut microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and metabolic disorders associated with PCOS. While the relationship between gut microbiota and PCOS has begun to be elucidated, this paper underscores the need for further research to identify specific bacterial strains and their metabolic byproducts as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, comprehensive studies are urgently needed to understand and fundamentally treat the pathophysiological processes of PCOS, offering valuable insights for future treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Graduate School of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Graduate School of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hanmei Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Gan J, Chen J, Ma RL, Deng Y, Ding XS, Zhu SY, Sun AJ. Metagenomics study on taxonomic and functional change of gut microbiota in patients with obesity with PCOS treated with exenatide combination with metformin or metformin alone. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2219342. [PMID: 37290480 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2219342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exenatide treatment on the composition of intestinal flora and metabolic pathways in patients with obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome. METHODS Patients with obesity with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were distributed to two groups: one received exenatide combined with metformin (COM group, n = 14) and the other used metformin alone (MF group, n = 15). Fresh fecal specimens from the participants, including 29 patients with obesity with PCOS and 6 healthy controls, were collected for metagenomic sequencing. The effect of exenatide combination with metformin or metformin alone on the composition and function of intestinal flora in patients with obesity with PCOS were compared by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS The level of BMI, TT, HbA1c, and HDL-c was significantly improved in both groups. The MF and COM groups were abundant in Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Uroviricota, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Hungatella, and certain probiotics like Phocaeicola and Anaerobutyricum significantly increased in both groups after treatment. Enriched microbial species in the MF and COM group were different. Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Oxalobacter were the main bacteria in the post-MF group, while Lactococcus_garvieae, Clostridium_perfringens, and Coprococcus_sp_AF16_5 were the main bacteria in the post-COM group. The post-COM group had more probiotic species including Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Anaerobutyricum after treatment. CONCLUSION Both exenatide combined with metformin and metformin monotherapy can improve metabolic and endocrine markers, and the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in patients with obesity with PCOS. The effects of the combination and monotherapy agents on intestinal flora were consistent to some extent but also unique respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Lin Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yang Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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18
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Yu L, Chen X, Bai X, Fang J, Sui M. Microbiota Alters and Its Correlation with Molecular Regulation Underlying Depression in PCOS Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03744-7. [PMID: 37995075 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the complications in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that leads to considerable mental health. Accumulating evidence suggests that human gut microbiomes are associated with the progression of PCOS and depression. However, whether microbiota influences depression development in PCOS patients is still uncharacterized. In this study, we employed metagenomic sequencing and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile the composition of the fecal microbiota and gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in depressed women with PCOS (PCOS-DP, n = 27) in comparison to mentally healthy women with PCOS (PCOS, n = 18) and compared with healthy control (HC, n = 27) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 29). Gut microbiota assessment revealed distinct patterns in the relative abundance in the PCOS-DP compared to HC, MDD, and PCOS groups. Several gut microbes exhibited uniquely and significantly higher abundance in the PCOS-DP compared to PCOS patients, inducing EC Ruminococcus torques, Coprococcus comes, Megasphaera elsdenii, Acidaminococcus intestini, and Barnesiella viscericola. Bacteroides eggerthii was a potential gut microbial biomarker for the PCOS-DP. RNA-seq profiling identified that 35 and 37 genes were significantly elevated and downregulated in the PCOS-DP, respectively. The enhanced differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the PCOS-DP were enriched in pathways involved in signal transduction and endocrine and metabolic diseases, whereas several lipid metabolism pathways were downregulated. Intriguingly, genes correlated with the gut microbiota were found to be significantly enriched in pathways of neurodegenerative diseases and the immune system, suggesting that changes in the microbiota may have a systemic impact on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases and immune genes. Gut microbe-related DEGs of CREB3L3 and CCDC173 were possible molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets of women with PCOS-DP. Our multi-omics data indicate shifts in the gut microbiome and host gene regulation in PCOS patients with depression, which is of possible etiological and diagnostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jingping Fang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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19
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Li P, Shuai P, Shen S, Zheng H, Sun P, Zhang R, Lan S, Lan Z, Jayawardana T, Yang Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Chen X, El-Omar EM, Wan Z. Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:302. [PMID: 37559119 PMCID: PMC10413517 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of human observational studies on the correlation between gut microbiota perturbations and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been contradictory. This study aimed to perform the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the specificity of the gut microbiota in PCOS patients compared to healthy women. METHODS Literature through May 22, 2023, was searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library databases. Unreported data in diversity indices were filled by downloading and processing raw sequencing data. Systematic review inclusion: original studies were eligible if they applied an observational case-control design, performed gut microbiota analysis and reported diversity or abundance measures, sampled general pre-menopausal women with PCOS, and are longitudinal studies with baseline comparison between PCOS patients and healthy females. Systematic review exclusion: studies that conducted interventional or longitudinal comparisons in the absence of a control group. Two researchers made abstract, full-text, and data extraction decisions, independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the methodologic quality. Hedge's g standardized mean difference (SMD), confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity (I2) for alpha diversity were calculated. Qualitative syntheses of beta-diversity and microbe alterations were performed. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies (n = 1022 patients, n = 928 control) that investigated gut microbiota by collecting stool samples were included, with 26 and 27 studies having provided alpha-diversity and beta-diversity results respectively. A significant decrease in microbial evenness and phylogenetic diversity was observed in PCOS patients when compared with control participants (Shannon index: SMD = - 0.27; 95% CI, - 0.37 to - 0.16; phylogenetic diversity: SMD = - 0.39; 95% CI, -- 0.74 to - 0.03). We also found that reported beta-diversity was inconsistent between studies. Despite heterogeneity in bacterial relative abundance, we observed depletion of Lachnospira and Prevotella and enrichment of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Escherichia/Shigella in PCOS. Gut dysbiosis in PCOS, which might be characterized by the reduction of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing and bile-acid-metabolizing bacteria, suggests a shift in balance to favor pro-inflammatory rather than anti-inflammatory bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Gut dysbiosis in PCOS is associated with decreased diversity and alterations in bacteria involved in microbiota-host crosstalk. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration: CRD42021285206, May 22, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.81 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Clinical Sciences (WR Pitney) Building, Short St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Ping Shuai
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section, First Ring Rd., Qing yang Dist, Chengdu, China
| | - Sj Shen
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Clinical Sciences (WR Pitney) Building, Short St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.81 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section, First Ring Rd., Qing yang Dist, Chengdu, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.81 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanwei Lan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zixin Lan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Thisun Jayawardana
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Clinical Sciences (WR Pitney) Building, Short St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Yumei Yang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section, First Ring Rd., Qing yang Dist, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.81 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Clinical Sciences (WR Pitney) Building, Short St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section, First Ring Rd., Qing yang Dist, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Patel J, Chaudhary H, Rajput K, Parekh B, Joshi R. Assessment of gut microbial β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11967. [PMID: 37488157 PMCID: PMC10366212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances and metabolic disturbances. This study explores the correlation between gut microbial β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase and PCOS, focusing on their association with hormone levels and other clinical parameters. In this case-control study, fecal samples were collected from women of reproductive age, both with and without PCOS. The analysis of gut β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzymes was conducted with the other clinical parameters, including body mass index, hormone levels, and hirsutism. These factors were then subjected to correlation analysis. PCOS women showed significantly higher levels of β-glucuronidase activity with a statistically significant P-value (0.05 ± 0.1 vs. 0.04 ± 0.1; P = 0.006) as well as β-glucosidase activity (0.13 ± 0.08 vs. 0.09 ± 0.05; P = 0.06) compared to the controls. This study also revealed intriguing connections between the selected enzymes and hormone levels, particularly testosterone and estradiol. Gut microbial enzymes β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase may be used as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of PCOS in women with metabolic challenges. It could lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalpa Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Hiral Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Kiransinh Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhavin Parekh
- School of Applied Sciences and Technology, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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21
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Min Q, Geng H, Gao Q, Xu M. The association between gut microbiome and PCOS: evidence from meta-analysis and two-sample mendelian randomization. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1203902. [PMID: 37555058 PMCID: PMC10405626 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence from observational studies and clinical experimentation has indicated a link between the gut microbiotas (GMs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, the causality and direction of causality between gut microbiome and PCOS remains to be established. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of four databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase up until June 1, 2023, and subjected the results to a meta-analysis. In this study, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for PCOS comprised 113,238 samples, while the GWAS data for gut microbiota were derived from the MiBioGen consortium, encompassing a total sample size of 18,340 individuals. As the largest dataset of its kind, this study represents the most comprehensive genome-wide meta-analysis concerning gut microbiota composition to date. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables at various taxonomic levels, including Phylum, Class, Order, Family, and Genus. The causal associations between exposures and outcomes were assessed using four established MR methods. To correct for multiple testing, the false discovery rate (FDR) method was applied. The reliability and potential biases of the results were evaluated through sensitivity analysis and F-statistics. RESULTS The meta-analysis incorporated a total of 20 studies that met the criteria, revealing a close association between PCOS and specific gut microbiota species. As per the results from our MR analysis, we identified six causal associations between the gut microbiome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). At the genus level, Actinomyces (ORIVW = 1.369, FDR = 0.040), Streptococcus (ORIVW = 1.548, FDR = 0.027), and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 (ORIVW = 1.488, FDR = 0.028) were identified as risk factors for PCOS. Conversely, Candidatus Soleaferrea (ORIVW = 0.723, FDR = 0.040), Dorea (ORIVW = 0.580, FDR = 0.032), and Ruminococcaceae UCG-011 (ORIVW = 0.732, FDR = 0.030) were found to be protective factors against PCOS. Furthermore, the MR-PRESSO global test and MR-Egger regression indicated that our study results were not affected by horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). Finally, the leave-one-out analysis corroborated the robustness of the MR findings. CONCLUSION Both our meta-analysis and MR study indicates that there is a causal relationship between the gut microbiome and PCOS, which may contribute to providing novel insights for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusi Min
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongling Geng
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Massini G, Casini F, Zuccotti G, Fabiano V. Probiotics and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Perspective for Management in Adolescents with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3144. [PMID: 37513562 PMCID: PMC10384396 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects a considerable percentage of females of reproductive age. PCOS is an obesity-related condition and its effects are greatly amplified by obesity. Even though the pathogenesis of PCOS remains complex and has not been fully elucidated, a link between obesity, PCOS, and dysbiosis has been described. The potential role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of PCOS and its associated symptoms has also been reported. The aim of this narrative review is to present a non-systematic analysis of the available literature on the topic of probiotics and PCOS in adolescents with obesity in order to revise the beneficial effects of probiotics/symbiotic supplementation on hormonal and metabolic profiles and inflammatory conditions. The effectiveness of probiotics/synbiotics in PCOS has been supported. The literature suggests that probiotic/symbiotic supplementation may ameliorate hormonal profiles, inflammatory indicators, and lipid metabolism disturbances caused by PCOS. Studies also show improvements in weight, BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR, including a potential role it plays in protecting fertility. Even though further studies are needed to confirm these findings, particularly in adolescent patients, probiotic supplementation may be considered a solution for managing PCOS in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Massini
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Casini
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
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23
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Sola-Leyva A, Pérez-Prieto I, Molina NM, Vargas E, Ruiz-Durán S, Leonés-Baños I, Canha-Gouveia A, Altmäe S. Microbial composition across body sites in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 47:129-150. [PMID: 37208218 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, but the cause remains unclear. Recent evidence has linked microbial composition with PCOS; however, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to gather current knowledge of the microbes across body sites (oral cavity, blood, vagina/cervix, gut) in women with PCOS, and meta-analyse the microbial diversity in PCOS. For this purpose, a systematic search using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus was carried out. After selection, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies associated changes in the microbiome with PCOS, whereas heterogeneity of the studies in terms of ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and methodology, among other confounders, made it difficult to corroborate this relationship. In fact, 19 out of 34 of the studies were categorised as having high risk of bias when the quality assessment was conducted. Our meta-analysis on the gut microbiome of 14 studies demonstrated that women with PCOS possess significantly lower microbial alpha diversity compared with controls (SMD = -0.204; 95% CI -0.360 to -0.048; P = 0.010; I2 = 5.508, by Shannon Index), which may contribute to the development of PCOS. Nevertheless, future studies should specifically overcome the shortcomings of the current studies by through well planned and conducted studies with larger sample sizes, proper negative and positive controls and adequate case-control matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea M Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Vargas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología. HU Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Leonés-Baños
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Analuce Canha-Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Medenica S, Spoltore ME, Ormazabal P, Marina LV, Sojat AS, Faggiano A, Gnessi L, Mazzilli R, Watanabe M. Female infertility in the era of obesity: The clash of two pandemics or inevitable consequence? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 98:141-152. [PMID: 35644933 PMCID: PMC10084349 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic that has led to a rise in the incidence of many comorbidities: among others, reduced fertility is often under-evaluated in clinical practice. The mechanisms underlying the link between reduced fertility and obesity are numerous, with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and the frequent coexistence of polycystic ovary syndrome being the most acknowledged. However, several other factors concur, such as gut microbiome alterations, low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Not only do women with obesity take longer to conceive, but in vitro fertilization (IVF) is also less likely to succeed. We herein provide an updated state-of-the-art regarding the molecular bases of what we could define as dysmetabolic infertility, focusing on the clinical aspects, as well as possible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Medenica
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Section, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Maria Elena Spoltore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paulina Ormazabal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ljiljana V Marina
- Department for Obesity, Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antoan Stefan Sojat
- Department for Obesity, Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Mazzilli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Corrie L, Awasthi A, Kaur J, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Gupta G, Kommineni N, Dua K, Singh SK. Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37259345 PMCID: PMC9967581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) comprises a set of symptoms that pose significant risk factors for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS are not available. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an essential role in PCOS incidence and progression. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to ameliorate PCOS. Gut microbiota shows its effects in PCOS via a number of mechanistic pathways including maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of lipid and blood glucose levels. The effect of gut microbiota on PCOS has been widely reported in animal models but there are only a few reports of human studies. Increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and up-regulating PCOS ameliorating gut microbiota are some of the ways through which prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols work. We present a comprehensive review on polyphenols from natural origin, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy that may be used to treat PCOS by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600007, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Cao Y, Wang H, Jin Z, Hang J, Jiang H, Wu H, Zhang Z. Characterization of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia in Men Using Gut Microbial Profiling. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020701. [PMID: 36675631 PMCID: PMC9861525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a complex multifactorial disease and the causes of most NOA cases remain unknown. (2) Methods: Here, we performed comprehensive clinical analyses and gut microbial profiling using shotgun metagenomic sequencing in patients with NOA and control individuals. (3) Results: The gut microbial alpha and beta diversity significantly differed between patients with NOA and controls. Several microbial strains, including Bacteroides vulgatus and Streptococcus thermophilus, were significantly more abundant in the NOA group, whereas Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Parabacteroides sp. CT06 were enriched in the control group. Moreover, functional pathway analysis suggested that the altered microbiota in NOA suppressed the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, while amino acid metabolism and methane metabolism pathways were enhanced. We observed that the differential microbial species, such as Acinetobacter johnsonii, had a strong correlation with clinical parameters, including age, body mass index, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. Communication and interplay among microbial genera were significantly increased in NOA than in the control group. (4) Conclusions: Altered microbial composition and functional pathways in the NOA group were revealed, which highlight the utility of gut microbiota in understanding microbiota-related pathogenesis of NOA and might be helpful to the clinical management of NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Cao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zirun Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huajun Wu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
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The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010129. [PMID: 36677054 PMCID: PMC9863528 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a complex endocrine and metabolic condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects women's reproductive health. These common symptoms include hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and infertility. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it yet. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and disruptions in secondary bile acid production appear to play a causative role in developing PCOS. PCOS pathophysiology and phenotypes are tightly related to both enteric and vaginal bacteria. Patients with PCOS exhibit changed microbiome compositions and decreased microbial diversity. Intestinal microorganisms also alter PCOS patient phenotypes by upregulating or downregulating hormone release, gut-brain mediators, and metabolite synthesis. The human body's gut microbiota, also known as the "second genome," can interact with the environment to improve metabolic and immunological function. Inflammation is connected to PCOS and may be caused by dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. This review sheds light on the recently discovered connections between gut microbiota and insulin resistance (IR) and the potential mechanisms of PCOS. This study also describes metabolomic studies to obtain a clear view of PCOS and ways to tackle it.
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Su YN, Wang MJ, Yang JP, Wu XL, Xia M, Bao MH, Ding YB, Feng Q, Fu LJ. Effects of Yulin Tong Bu formula on modulating gut microbiota and fecal metabolite interactions in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122709. [PMID: 36814581 PMCID: PMC9939769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolite are associated with PCOS clinical parameters. Yulin Tong Bu formula (YLTB), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been recently indicated to be capable of ameliorating polycystic ovary symptoms and correcting abnormal glucose metabolism. However, the therapeutic mechanism of YLTB on PCOS has not been fully elucidated. METHODS A pseudo sterile mouse model was established during this four-day acclimatization phase by giving the animals an antibiotic cocktail to remove the gut microbiota. Here, the therapeutic effects of YLTB on PCOS were investigated using dehydroepiandrosterone plus high-fat diet-induced PCOS mice model. Female prepuberal mice were randomly divided into three groups; namely, the control group, PCOS group and YLTB (38.68 g·kg-1·day-1) group. To test whether this effect is associated with the gut microbiota, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing studies to analyze the fecal microbiota of mice. The relationships among metabolites, gut microbiota, and PCOS phenotypes were further explored by using Spearman correlation analysis. Then, the effect of metabolite ferulic acid was then validated in PCOS mice. RESULTS Our results showed that YLTB treatment ameliorated PCOS features (ovarian dysfunction, delayed glucose clearance, decreased insulin sensitivity, deregulation of glucolipid metabolism and hormones, etc.) and significantly attenuated PCOS gut microbiota dysbiosis. Spearman correlation analysis showed that metabolites such as ferulic acid and folic acid are negatively correlated with PCOS clinical parameters. The effect of ferulic acid was similar to that of YLTB. In addition, the bacterial species such as Bacteroides dorei and Bacteroides fragilis were found to be positively related to PCOS clinical parameters, using the association study analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that YLTB treatment systematically regulates the interaction between the gut microbiota and the associated metabolites to ameliorate PCOS, providing a solid theoretical basis for further validation of YLTB effect on human PCOS trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Su
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, School of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Jiao Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Pu Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Gynecology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Juan Fu, ; Qian Feng,
| | - Li-Juan Fu
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, School of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Juan Fu, ; Qian Feng,
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Suturina L, Belkova N, Igumnov I, Lazareva L, Danusevich I, Nadeliaeva I, Sholokhov L, Rashidova M, Belenkaya L, Belskikh A, Sharifulin E, Ievleva K, Babaeva N, Egorova I, Salimova M, Kuzmin M, Tiumentseva D, Klimenko E, Sidorova T, Atalyan A. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gut Microbiota: Phenotype Matters. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010007. [PMID: 36675956 PMCID: PMC9861125 DOI: 10.3390/life13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in gut microbiota diversity are considered important mechanisms in metabolic disorders in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, the data on the association of these disorders with the PCOS phenotype remain controversial. The objectives of this study were to estimate the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota of healthy women and PCOS patients depending on phenotype. The study participants (184 premenopausal women: 63 with PCOS, 121 without PCOS) were recruited during the annual employment assessment in the Irkutsk Region and the Buryat Republic (Russia) in 2016-2019. For PCOS diagnosis, we used the Rotterdam (2003) criteria and definitions of PCOS phenotypes. Five indexes of alpha diversity (ASV, Shannon, Simpson, Chao, and ACE) were estimated for the gut microbiota in all participants using amplicon metasequencing. As a result, two out of five alpha diversity indexes showed a statistical difference between the non-PCOS and PCOS groups. We did not find a significant difference in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the subgroups of women with hyperandrogenic PCOS phenotypes vs non-androgenic phenotype D and the group of women with the presence of only one of the PCOS criteria. Nevertheless, "classic" PCOS phenotypes demonstrated the most significant decrease in alpha diversity compared with healthy women without any signs of PCOS.
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Siddiqui R, Makhlouf Z, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Khan NA. The Gut Microbiome and Female Health. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1683. [PMID: 36421397 PMCID: PMC9687867 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The possession of two X chromosomes may come with the risk of various illnesses, females are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis, heart disease, and anxiety. Given the reported correlations between gut microbiome dysbiosis and various illnesses, the female gut microbiome is worthy of exploration. Herein, we discuss the composition of the female gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in pathologies affecting the female population. Using PubMed, we performed a literature search, using key terms, namely: "gut microbiome", "estrogen", "menopause", "polycystic ovarian syndrome", "pregnancy", and "menstruation". In polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus, Firmicutes, Streptococcus, and the ratio of Escherichia/Shigella was found to be increased while that of Tenericutes ML615J-28, Tenericutes 124-7, Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidetes S24-7 was reduced. In breast cancer, the abundance of Clostridiales was enhanced, while in cervical cancer, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Dialister were enhanced but Bacteroides, Alistipes, and members of Lachnospiracea, were decreased. In ovarian cancer, Prevotella abundance was increased. Interestingly, the administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus fermentum ameliorated PCOS symptoms while that of a mix of Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus salivarius W24, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactococcus lactis W19, Lactobacillus casei W56, and Lactococcus lactis W58 alleviated vascular malfunction and arterial stiffness in obese postmenopausal women, and finally, while further research is needed, Prevotella maybe protective against postmenopausal bone mass loss. As several studies report the therapeutic potential of probiotics and since the gut microbiota of certain female pathological states has been relatively characterized, we speculate that the administration of certain bacterial species as probiotics is warranted, as novel independent or adjunct therapies for various female pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Zinb Makhlouf
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Yang Z, Fu H, Su H, Cai X, Wang Y, Hong Y, Hu J, Xie Z, Wang X. Multi-omics analyses reveal the specific changes in gut metagenome and serum metabolome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017147. [PMCID: PMC9627625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the specific alterations in gut microbiome and serum metabolome and their interactions in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods The stool samples from 32 PCOS patients and 18 healthy controls underwent the intestinal microbiome analysis using shotgun metagenomics sequencing approach. Serum metabolome was analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An integrative network by combining metagenomics and metabolomics datasets was constructed to explore the possible interactions between gut microbiota and circulating metabolites in PCOS, which was further assessed by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a rat trial. Results Fecal metagenomics identified 64 microbial strains significantly differing between PCOS and healthy subjects, half of which were enriched in patients. These changed species showed an ability to perturb host metabolic homeostasis (including insulin resistance and fatty acid metabolism) and inflammatory levels (such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways) by expressing sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1, serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR, and 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-cattier-protein] synthase III, possibly suggesting the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota underlying PCOS. By integrating multi-omics datasets, the panel comprising seven strains (Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Pseudomonas sp. M1, Aquitalea pelogenes, Porphyrobacter sp. HL-46, Vibrio fortis, Leisingera sp. ANG-Vp, and Sinorhizobium meliloti) and three metabolites [ganglioside GM3 (d18:0/16:0), ceramide (d16:2/22:0), and 3Z,6Z,9Z-pentacosatriene] showed the highest predictivity of PCOS (AUC: 1.0) with sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 1.0. Moreover, the intestinal microbiome modifications by FMT were demonstrated to regulate PCOS phenotypes including metabolic variables and reproductive hormones. Conclusion Our findings revealed key microbial and metabolite features and their interactions underlying PCOS by integrating multi-omics approaches, which may provide novel insights into discovering clinical diagnostic biomarkers and developing efficient therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijiao Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Su
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Sugar Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuzi Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jianli Fourth People’s Hospital, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyong Xie,
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xuefeng Wang,
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Prakash A, Nourianpour M, Senok A, Atiomo W. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometrial Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Literature on Gut Microbiota. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193038. [PMID: 36231000 PMCID: PMC9563577 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometrial cancer (EC) but no studies have investigated whether gut dysbiosis may explain the increased endometrial cancer risk in polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the extent and nature of published studies on the gut microbiota in polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer and attempt to find any similarities between the composition of the microbiota. We searched for publications ranging from the years 2016 to 2022, due to the completion date of the ‘Human Microbiome Project’ in 2016. We obtained 200 articles by inputting keywords such as ‘gut microbiome’, ‘gut microbiota’, ‘gut dysbiosis’, ‘PCOS’, and ‘endometrial cancer’ into search engines such as PubMed and Scopus. Of the 200 identified in our initial search, we included 25 articles in our final review after applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Although the literature is growing in this field, we did not identify enough published studies to investigate whether gut dysbiosis may explain the increased EC risk in PCOS. Within the studies identified, we were unable to identify any consistent patterns of the microbiome similarly present in studies on women with PCOS compared with women with EC. Although we found that the phylum Firmicutes was similarly decreased in women with PCOS and studies on women with EC, there was however significant variability within the studies identified making it highly likely that this may have arisen by chance. Further research pertaining to molecular and microbiological mechanisms in relation to the gut microbiome is needed to elucidate a greater understanding of its contribution to the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Wang Y, Xiao H, Liu Y, Tong Q, Yu Y, Qi B, Bu X, Pan T, Xing Y. Effects of Bu Shen Hua Zhuo formula on the LPS/TLR4 pathway and gut microbiota in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891297. [PMID: 36017323 PMCID: PMC9396283 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in gynecology. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used for the treatment of PCOS in China. The Bu Shen Hua Zhuo formula (BSHZF), a TCM decoction, has shown great therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice. However, the mechanism underlying the BSHZF function in PCOS remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the potential mechanisms of action of BSHZF in the treatment of PCOS. PCOS-model rats treated with letrozole were administered different doses of BSHZF, metformin, and 1% carboxymethylcellulose. Serum sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels were measured, and the morphology of the ovaries was observed in each group, including the normal group. The structure and abundance of the gut microbiota in rats were measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phospho-NF-κB p65 levels in the ovarian tissue of the rats were detected using Western blotting. Furthermore, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the serum of rats were detected by ELISA. The results showed that BSHZF administration was associated with a decrease in body weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and testosterone and changes in ovarian morphology in PCOS-model rats. Moreover, BSHZF was associated with an increase in the α-diversity of gut microbiota, decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and increase in Lactobacillus and short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014). Furthermore, BSHZF may promote carbohydrate and protein metabolism. In addition, BSHZF was associated with a decrease in the serum level of LPS and TLR4 expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory response in ovarian tissue. Therefore, the beneficial effects of BSHZF on PCOS pathogenesis are associated with its ability to normalize gut microbiota function and inhibit PCOS-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Bu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Cui Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Yi Y, Shan Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lü X. Roles of intestinal Parabacteroides in human health and diseases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6659190. [PMID: 35945336 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of gut microbiota is essential for the host health. Parabacteroides spp., core members of the human gut microbiota, have average abundance of 1.27% in the human of 12 populations. Parabacteroides has been recently reported to have a close relationship with host health (E.g., metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity). Parabacteroides have the physiological characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and secreting SCFAs. However, antimicrobial resistance of Parabacteroides to antibiotic (such as clindamycin, moxifloxacin and cefoxitin) should not be ignored. In this review, we primarily focused on Parabacteroides distasoniss, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Parabacteroides johnsonii and Parabacteroides merdae and discussed their relationships with host disease, diet and the prevention or induction of diseases. P. distasonis and P. goldsteinii may be viewed as the potential next generation probiotics (NGP) candidate due to their protective effects on inflammation and obesity in mice. We also discussed the potential therapeutic application of Parabacteroides spp. in maintaining host-intestine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Leshan Zhang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanglei Yi
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bianfang Liu
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Motooka D, Hatano K, Hata J, Nishimoto M, Banno E, Takezawa K, Fukuhara S, Kiuchi H, Pan Y, Takao T, Tsujimura A, Yachida S, Nakamura S, Obara W, Uemura H, Nonomura N. Firmicutes in Gut Microbiota Correlate with Blood Testosterone Levels in Elderly Men. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:517-525. [PMID: 35274505 PMCID: PMC9253793 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In males, testosterone levels have been implicated in various diseases. Recently, the influence of gut microbial-derived compounds on host metabolism has become evident, and it has been suggested that some gut bacteria may be involved in testosterone metabolism. In the present study, we examined the relationship between testosterone levels and gut microbiota in elderly Japanese men. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected samples from Japanese male subjects suspected of having prostate cancer and underwent prostate biopsies and excluded patients with positive biopsies to avoid the effect of prostate cancer on the gut microbiota. In total, 54 Japanese males with negative biopsy results were included in our study. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from rectal swabs. Gut microbiota compositions were compared between the two groups according to the level of serum testosterone (above or below 3.5 ng /mL). RESULTS The median age of the cohort was 71 years, and the quartile range was 67 to 73 years. We observed no significant difference in alpha or beta diversity, but some bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes (Clostridiales, Turicibacter, and Gemella) were increased in the high testosterone group. Serum testosterone levels positively correlated with the relative amount of Firmicutes (rS=0.3323, p=0.0141), and the amount of Firmicutes affected serum testosterone levels independent of host factors (age, body mass index, triglyceride, and total cholesterol; β=0.770, p=0.0396). CONCLUSIONS Some intestinal bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were associated with testosterone levels in elderly males. Therefore, the gut microbiota could affect testosterone metabolism in elderly males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Nishimoto
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takezawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiuchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yue Pan
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Batra M, Bhatnager R, Kumar A, Suneja P, Dang AS. Interplay between PCOS and microbiome: The road less travelled. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13580. [PMID: 35598286 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated neuro-endocrinal, reproductive, and metabolic condition. It encompasses patterns such as hyperandrogenism, recurrent cysts triggered by steroidogenic functional aberrations in the ovaries, overweight, chronic inflammation, and more. The underlying cause of this heterogeneous illness is obscure, although it is suspected to be driven by a blend of environmental and hereditary factors. In recent years, the connection between the microbiome and PCOS has been acknowledged and is thought to be involved in the genesis of the syndrome's emergence. Microbiota vary in different pathological features of PCOS, and fundamental pathways linked to their involvement in the commencement of diverse clinical presentations in PCOS open up a new avenue for its management. Prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, and fecal-microbiota-transplant, by promoting eubiosis and nullifying the effect caused by the altered microbial profile in PCOS women, can aid in management of diverse phenotypes associated with the syndrome. These microbiota-mediated treatments improve PCOS women's metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal profiles. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that drive this positive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Batra
- Centre For Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Centre For Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pooja Suneja
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Amita Suneja Dang
- Centre For Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Gao S, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. Role of gene regulation and inter species interaction as a key factor in gut microbiota adaptation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:342. [PMID: 35595857 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a class of microbial flora present in various eukaryotic multicellular complex animals such as human beings. Their community's growth and survival are greatly influenced by various factors such as host-pathogen, pathogen-environment and genetic regulation. Modern technologies like metagenomics have particularly extended our capacity to uncover the microbial treasures in challenging conditions like communities surviving at high altitude. Molecular characterizations by newly developed sequencing tools have shown that this complex interaction greatly influences microbial adaptation to the environment. Literature shows that gut microbiota alters the genetic expression and switches to an alternative pathway under the influence of unfavorable conditions. The remarkable adaptability of microbial genetic regulatory networks enables them to survive and expand in tough and energy-limited conditions. Variable prevalence of species in various regions has strengthened this initial evidence. In view of the interconnection of the world in the form of a global village, this phenomenon must be explored more clearly. In this regard, recently there has been significant addition of knowledge to the field of microbial adaptation. This review summarizes and shed some light on mechanisms of microbial adaptation via gene regulation and species interaction in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao H, Chen R, Zheng D, Xiong F, Jia F, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhu S, Liu Y, Zhao L, Liu X. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction Ameliorates Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome With Insulin Resistance by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854796. [PMID: 35619648 PMCID: PMC9127304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) and explore the possible mechanism of modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of PCOS-IR. Methods A total of 17 specific pathogen-free (SPF) female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, aged 21 days, were selected and randomly divided into the control group (group Z, n = 6), model group (group M, n = 6), and treatment group (group A, n = 5). Letrozole combined with a high-fat diet was used to induce the PCOS-IR model. Rats in group A were treated with modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction for 2 weeks after the end of modeling; then the characteristics of reproductive, metabolic, inflammatory, and intestinal microbiota were compared among three groups. Results The PCOS-IR model had an imbalance of intestinal microbiota, and the enriched microbiota was mainly class Coriobacteria, order Clostridiales, and genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction can regulate the disorder of intestinal microbiota diversity, significantly increase the abundance of phyla Verrucomicrobiota Proteobacteria and genera Akkermansia and Blautia, and decrease the abundance of genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Conclusion Genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 might be the pivotal pathogenic bacteria of PCOS-IR. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction may ameliorate PCOS-IR by regulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and improving metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Chen
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxue Zheng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqin Zhu
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinmin Liu,
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d’Afflitto M, Upadhyaya A, Green A, Peiris M. Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity-A Systematic Review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:384-392. [PMID: 35283442 PMCID: PMC7612624 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GOALS/BACKGROUND Animal studies have highlighted how the microbiota acts in a sex-specific manner with sex hormones demonstrating an association with the composition and diversity of the microbiota. This systematic review aimed to gather the available scientific evidence to explore the association between sex hormones and gut microbiota composition and diversity, in humans. STUDY Four bibliographic databases were searched in July 2020 using terms related to "microbiota," "microflora," "sex hormones," "testosterone," and "estrogen." Human studies that investigated the correlation between sex hormones and the microbiota composition or diversity using next-generation sequencing were included. RESULTS A total of 10,468 records were screened with 13 studies included in this review. In healthy women, higher estrogen levels were found to be associated with a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, a lower abundance of Firmicutes, the Ruminococcaceae family and increased diversity. In healthy men, raised testosterone levels positively correlated with Ruminococcus, Acinetobacter, and an increased microbial diversity. Escherichia and Shigella spp. were correlated with raised testosterone in healthy women whereas Ruminococcus spp. was negatively associated with elevated testosterone levels. Women with altered testosterone/estrogen profiles (such as in polycystic ovary syndrome), had a differing gut microbiota compared with healthy women. CONCLUSIONS The findings gathered highlight an association between sex hormones and the gut microbiota composition/diversity and may contribute to the sex-based variations observed in disease pathogenesis. Factors such as age and medical conditions are implicated in the associations observed and should be accounted for in future studies. As the understanding of the complex symbiotic relationship between humans and their gut microbiota increases, microbiota modulation could be an attractive option for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi d’Afflitto
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Advait Upadhyaya
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Alicia Green
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Madusha Peiris
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
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He Y, Shi L, Qi Y, Wang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Butylated starch alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome by stimulating the secretion of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and regulating faecal microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Men Z, Cao M, Gong Y, Hua L, Zhang R, Zhu X, Tang L, Jiang X, Xu S, Li J, Che L, Lin Y, Feng B, Fang Z, Wu D, Zhuo Y. Microbial and metabolomic mechanisms mediating the effects of dietary inulin and cellulose supplementation on porcine oocyte and uterine development. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35033192 PMCID: PMC8760789 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fiber (DF) is often eschewed in swine diet due to its anti-nutritional effects, but DF is attracting growing attention for its reproductive benefits. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of DF intake level on oocyte maturation and uterine development, to determine the optimal DF intake for gilts, and gain microbial and metabolomic insight into the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods Seventy-six Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) crossbred replacement gilts of similar age (92.6 ± 0.6 d; mean ± standard deviation [SD]) and body weight (BW, 33.8 ± 3.9 kg; mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatment groups (n = 19); a basal diet without extra DF intake (DF 1.0), and 3 dietary groups ingesting an extra 50% (DF 1.5), 75% (DF 1.75), and 100% (DF 2.0) dietary fiber mixture consisting of inulin and cellulose (1:4). Oocyte maturation and uterine development were assessed on 19 d of the 2nd oestrous cycle. Microbial diversity of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput pyrosequencing (16S rRNA) and blood samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics. Results The rates of oocytes showing first polar bodies after in vitro maturation for 44 h and uterine development increased linearly with increasing DF intake; DF 1.75 gilts had a 19.8% faster oocyte maturation rate and a 48.9 cm longer uterus than DF 1.0 gilts (P < 0.05). Among the top 10 microbiota components at the phylum level, 8 increased linearly with increasing DF level, and the relative abundance of 30 of 53 microbiota components at the genus level (> 0.1%) increased linearly or quadratically with increasing DF intake. Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed significant changes in serum metabolites that were closely associated with microbiota, including serotonin, a gut-derived signal that stimulates oocyte maturation. Conclusions The findings provide evidence of the benefits of increased DF intake by supplementing inulin and cellulose on oocyte maturation and uterine development in gilts, and new microbial and metabolomic insight into the mechanisms mediating the effects of DF on reproductive performance of replacement gilts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00657-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Men
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Cao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuechan Gong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianchao Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Liu S, Cao R, Liu L, Lv Y, Qi X, Yuan Z, Fan X, Yu C, Guan Q. Correlation Between Gut Microbiota and Testosterone in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:836485. [PMID: 35399957 PMCID: PMC8990747 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.836485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the association between testosterone levels and gut microbiota in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and providing a new strategy to elucidate the pathological mechanism of testosterone deficiency in T2DM patients. METHODS In an observational study including 46 T2DM male patients, the peripheral venous blood and fecal samples of all subjects were collected. The V3-V4 regions of bacterial 16S rDNA were amplified and sequenced. Alpha and beta diversities were calculated by QIIME software. The possible association between gut microbial community and clinical indicators was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The association between the relative abundance of bacteria and testosterone levels was discovered using linear regression analysis in R language. RESULTS There was no substantial difference in alpha and beta diversity. Blautia and Lachnospirales were significantly much higher in the testosterone deficiency group. Linear regression analysis showed that the abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level and Lachnospirales at the order level were negatively correlated with testosterone level. After correcting for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the relative abundance of Lachnospirales still had a significant negative correlation with testosterone level. Meanwhile, at the genus level, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, and Bergeyella had a statistically significant negative association with testosterone level, respectively. Blautia was positively associated with FPG and total cholesterol level. Streptococcus was found positively associated with insulin, connecting peptide, and index of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION T2DM patients with testosterone deficiency have different gut microbiota compositions compared with T2DM patients alone. Low serum testosterone patients tend to have an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens, which may be related to the occurrence and development of testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ruying Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, ChangQing People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Luna Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Youyuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Yu, ; Qingbo Guan,
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiao Yu, ; Qingbo Guan,
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Chen W, Pang Y. Metabolic Syndrome and PCOS: Pathogenesis and the Role of Metabolites. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120869. [PMID: 34940628 PMCID: PMC8709086 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases among women of reproductive age and is associated with many metabolic manifestations, such as obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism. The underlying pathogenesis of these metabolic symptoms has not yet been fully elucidated. With the application of metabolomics techniques, a variety of metabolite changes have been observed in the serum and follicular fluid (FF) of PCOS patients and animal models. Changes in metabolites result from the daily diet and occur during uncommon physiological routines. However, some of these metabolite changes may provide evidence to explain possible mechanisms and new approaches for prevention and therapy. This article reviews the pathogenesis of PCOS metabolic symptoms and the relationship between metabolites and the pathophysiology of PCOS. Furthermore, the potential clinical application of some specific metabolites will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China;
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Gut Metabolites Are More Predictive of Disease and Cohoused States than Gut Bacterial Features in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Like Mouse Model. mSystems 2021; 6:e0114920. [PMID: 34519532 PMCID: PMC8547464 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01149-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts ∼10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. In addition to infertility, women with PCOS suffer from metabolic dysregulation which increases their risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies have shown differences in the gut microbiome of women with PCOS compared to controls, a pattern replicated in PCOS-like mouse models. Recently, using a letrozole (LET)-induced mouse model of PCOS, we demonstrated that cohousing was protective against development of metabolic and reproductive phenotypes and showed via 16S amplicon sequencing that this protection correlated with time-dependent shifts in gut bacteria. Here, we applied untargeted metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics approaches to further analyze the longitudinal samples from the cohousing experiment. Analysis of beta diversity found that untargeted metabolites had the strongest correlation to both disease and cohoused states and that shifts in metabolite diversity were detected prior to shifts in bacterial diversity. In addition, log2 fold analyses found numerous metabolite features, particularly bile acids (BAs), to be highly differentiated between placebo and LET, as well as LET cohoused with placebo versus LET. Our results indicate that changes in gut metabolites, particularly BAs, are associated with a PCOS-like phenotype as well as with the protective effect of cohousing. Our results also suggest that transfer of metabolites via coprophagy occurs rapidly and may precipitate changes in bacterial diversity. This study joins a growing body of research linking changes in primary and secondary BAs to host metabolism and gut microbes relevant to the pathology of PCOS. IMPORTANCE Using a combination of untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics, we performed a comparative longitudinal analysis of the feces collected in a cohousing study with a PCOS-like mouse model. Our results showed that gut metabolite composition experienced earlier and more pronounced differentiation in both the disease model and cohoused mice compared with the microbial composition. Notably, statistical and machine learning approaches identified shifts in the relative abundance of primary and secondary BAs, which have been implicated as modifiers of gut microbial growth and diversity. Network correlation analysis showed strong associations between particular BAs and bacterial species, particularly members of Lactobacillus, and that these correlations were time and treatment dependent. Our results provide novel insights into host-microbe relationships related to hyperandrogenism in females and indicate that focused research into small-molecule control of gut microbial diversity and host physiology may provide new therapeutic options for the treatment of PCOS.
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How will our understanding of human development evolve over the next 10 years. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4614. [PMID: 34326327 PMCID: PMC8322086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the next 10 years, the continued exploration of human embryology holds promise to revolutionize regenerative and reproductive medicine with important societal consequences. In this Comment we speculate on the evolution of recent advances made and describe emerging technologies for basic research, their potential clinical applications, and, importantly, the ethical frameworks in which they must be considered.
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Brivanlou AH, Gleicher N. The evolution of our understanding of human development over the last 10 years. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4615. [PMID: 34326329 PMCID: PMC8322423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As it fulfills an irresistible need to understand our own origins, research on human development occupies a unique niche in scientific and medical research. In this Comment, we explore the progress in our understanding of human development over the past 10 years. The focus is on basic research, clinical applications, and ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Brivanlou
- Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA
- The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fan H, Hong X, Zeng J, Wang X, Chen J. Differences in the individual curative effect of acupuncture for obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome based on metagenomic analysis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:454. [PMID: 34266458 PMCID: PMC8281710 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of infertility and shows a high incidence in women of reproductive age. Acupuncture is an appropriate adjunctive treatment for PCOS. However, the add-on effect of acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for obese women with PCOS has not been studied, and previous studies indicate that there are individual differences in the curative effect of acupuncture, while deeper research on the mechanism of differences in the individual curative effect of acupuncture for obese women with PCOS is still lacking. This trial aims to assess the add-on treatment efficacy of acupuncture for obese women with PCOS and to explore the role of the gut microbiome on the differences in the individual curative effect of acupuncture based on metagenomic analysis. METHODS/DESIGN This is an open-label, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 86 obese women with PCOS will be recruited. Subjects will be randomly assigned to a study group and a control group in a 1:1 ratio, with 43 subjects in each group (10 patients from each group who meet the study criteria will participate in the metagenomic analysis). An additional 10 subjects who meet the study criteria will be recruited to a healthy control group. The study group will receive acupuncture and clomiphene citrate treatment; the control group will only receive clomiphene citrate. Acupuncture treatment will be conducted three times a week from the fifth day of menstruation or withdrawal bleeding until the start of the next menstruation, for up to three menstrual cycles. The primary outcome will be LH/FSH. The secondary outcomes will comprise biometric features, hormone biomarkers, metabolic biomarkers, inflammatory biomarkers, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and metagenomic analysis. The outcomes will be measured at baseline and post-intervention. Data will be analyzed using SPSS 19.0, and the gut microbiome will be analyzed using metagenomic analysis. DISCUSSION In this study, we are evaluating the add-on effects of acupuncture and exploring the mechanism of the differences in the individual curative effect of acupuncture based on the gut microbiome, which may provide evidence to explain the different outcomes of different trials on acupuncture for PCOS and hopefully to provide a new aspect to study the mechanism of acupuncture's treatment effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000029882 . Registered on 16 February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Fan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hong
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuzhi Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Sichuan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina/The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen F, Chen Z, Chen M, Chen G, Huang Q, Yang X, Yin H, Chen L, Zhang W, Lin H, Ou M, Wang L, Chen Y, Lin C, Xu W, Yin G. Reduced stress-associated FKBP5 DNA methylation together with gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked with the progression of obese PCOS patients. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:60. [PMID: 34267209 PMCID: PMC8282850 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in females that is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS are still unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the bacterial, stress status, and metabolic differences in the gut microbiomes of healthy individuals and patients with high body mass index (BMI) PCOS (PCOS-HB) and normal BMI PCOS (PCOS-LB), respectively. Here, we compared the gut microbiota characteristics of PCOS-HB, PCOS-LB, and healthy controls by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) DNA methylation and plasma metabolite determination. Clinical parameter comparisons indicated that PCOS patients had higher concentrations of total testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and HOMA-IR while lower FKBP5 DNA methylation. Significant differences in bacterial diversity and community were observed between the PCOS and healthy groups but not between the PCOS-HB and PCOS-LB groups. Bacterial species number was negatively correlated with insulin concentrations (both under fasting status and 120 min after glucose load) and HOMA-IR but positively related to FKBP5 DNA methylation. Compared to the healthy group, both PCOS groups had significant changes in bacterial genera, including Prevotella_9, Dorea, Maihella, and Slackia, and plasma metabolites, including estrone sulfate, lysophosphatidyl choline 18:2, and phosphatidylcholine (22:6e/19:1). The correlation network revealed the complicated interaction of the clinical index, bacterial genus, stress indices, and metabolites. Our work links the stress responses and gut microbiota characteristics of PCOS disease, which might afford perspectives to understand the progression of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhangran Chen
- Institute for Microbial Ecology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guishan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huihuang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weichun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Miaoqiong Ou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luanhong Wang
- Department of Gynecological tumor, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongsong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chujia Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wencan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoshu Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Yu Y, Cao Y, Huang W, Liu Y, Lu Y, Zhao J. β-Sitosterol Ameliorates Endometrium Receptivity in PCOS-Like Mice: The Mediation of Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667130. [PMID: 34179058 PMCID: PMC8224531 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age, has been found to be accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota. The Bu Shen Yang Xue formula (BSYXF) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of PCOS. This study aimed to investigate whether the protective effects of β-sitosterol, the main active ingredient of BSYXF, on PCOS was mediated by regulating gut microbiota. Methods: The presence of β-sitosterol in BSYXF was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The PCOS-like mouse model was induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. The fecal supernatant of β-sitosterol-treated mice was prepared for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Body weight and wet weight of the uterus and ovary of the mice were recorded for organ index calculation. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to assess the endometrial morphology and microenvironment changes. Expression of endometrial receptivity markers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Integrin ανβ3, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and homeobox A10 (HOXA10) in the endometrium were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the expression of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) in the serum. The diversity of gut microbiota was examined by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results: With the treatment of β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-FMT, the uterine index of PCOS-like mice increased, the ovarian index decreased, levels of COX-2, LH and T decreased, and levels of Integrin ανβ3, LIF, HOXA10, FSH, and P increased. Under β-sitosterol treatment, the structure of the gut microbiota in PCOS-like mice was also changed. Conclusion: β-sitosterol regulates the endometrial receptivity of PCOS and harmonizes the sex hormone balance, which may be related to the changes in the structure and composition of gut microbiota, thus affecting the pathological process of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenling Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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50
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Dong S, Jiao J, Jia S, Li G, Zhang W, Yang K, Wang Z, Liu C, Li D, Wang X. 16S rDNA Full-Length Assembly Sequencing Technology Analysis of Intestinal Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:634981. [PMID: 34041041 PMCID: PMC8141595 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the characteristics and relationship of the gut microbiota in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Method We recruited 45 patients with PCOS and 37 healthy women from the Reproductive Department of Shengjing Hospital. We recorded their clinical indexes, and sequenced their fecal samples by 16S rDNA full-length assembly sequencing technology (16S-FAST). Result We found decreased α diversity and different abundances of a series of microbial species in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. We found LH and AMH were significantly increased in PCOS with Prevotella enterotype when compared to control women with Prevotella enterotype, while glucose and lipid metabolism level remained no significant difference, and situations were opposite in PCOS and control women with Bacteroides enterotype. Ruminococcus gnavus, Prevotella stercorea, Dialister succinatiphilus and Bacteroides fragilis were more abundant while Christensenellaceae spp. were less abundant in the PCOS group. P. stercorea was significantly more prevalent in PCOS-not insulin resistance (NIR) compared to control-NIR and PCOS-not overweight (NOW) patient groups compared to control-NOW groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes reflecting pathways related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were more abundant in the PCOS group. Conclusion Our study found gut microbiota that had different abundance in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. An intimate relationship was shown between the gut microbiota and pathological changes in PCOS. We suggest the gut microbiota should be taken into consideration in the treatment of symptoms of PCOS via drugs and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Dong
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuangshuo Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaoyu Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Germountx Company, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Germountx Company, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biological Information, Kangwei Medical Analysis Laboratory, Shenyang, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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