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Saggese A, Barrella V, Porzio AD, Troise AD, Scaloni A, Cigliano L, Scala G, Baccigalupi L, Iossa S, Ricca E, Mazzoli A. Protective role of cells and spores of Shouchella clausii SF174 against fructose-induced gut dysfunctions in small and large intestine. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109706. [PMID: 39053859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The oral administration of probiotics is nowadays recognized as a strategy to treat or prevent the consequences of unhealthy dietary habits. Here we analyze and compare the effects of the oral administration of vegetative cells or spores of Shouchella clausii SF174 in counteracting gut dysfunctions induced by 6 weeks of high fructose intake in a rat model. Gut microbiota composition, tight junction proteins, markers of inflammation and redox homeostasis were evaluated in ileum and colon in rats fed fructose rich diet and supplemented with cells or spores of Shouchella clausii SF174. Our results show that both spores and cells of SF174 were effective in preventing the fructose-induced metabolic damage to the gut, namely establishment of "leaky gut", inflammation and oxidative damage, thus preserving gut function. Our results also suggest that vegetative cells and germination-derived cells metabolize part of the ingested fructose at the ileum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Barrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Di Porzio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Dario Troise
- National Research Council, Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, Portici Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- National Research Council, Proteomics, Metabolomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, Portici Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Vieco-Saiz N, Prévéraud DP, Pinloche E, Morat A, Govindin P, Blottière HM, Matthieu E, Devillard E, Consuegra J. Unraveling the benefits of Bacillus subtilis DSM 29784 poultry probiotic through its secreted metabolites: an in vitro approach. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0017724. [PMID: 39287453 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00177-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Bacillus subtilis 29784 (Bs29784) sustains chicken's intestinal health, enhancing animal resilience and performance through the production of the bioactive metabolites hypoxanthine (HPX), niacin (NIA), and pantothenate (PTH). Here, using enterocyte in vitro models, we determine the functional link between these metabolites and the three pillars of intestinal resilience: immune response, intestinal barrier, and microbiota. We evaluated in vitro the capacity of Bs29784 vegetative cells, spores, and metabolites to modulate global immune regulators (using HT-29-NF-κB and HT-29-AP-1 reporter cells), intestinal integrity (HT-29-MUC2 reporter cells and Caco-2 cells), and cytokine production (Caco-2 cells). Finally, we simulated intestinal fermentations using chicken's intestinal contents as inocula to determine the effect of Bs29784 metabolites on the microbiota and their fermentation profile. Bs29784 vegetative cells reduced the inflammatory response more effectively than spores, indicating that their benefit is linked to metabolic activity. To assess this hypothesis, we studied Bs29784 metabolites individually. The results showed that each metabolite had different beneficial effects. PTH and NIA reduced the activation of the pro-inflammatory pathways AP-1 and NF-κB. HPX upregulated mucin production by enhancing MUC2 expression. HPX, NIA, and PTH increased cell proliferation. PTH and HPX increased epithelial resilience to an inflammatory challenge by limiting permeability increase. In cecal fermentations, NIA increased acetate, HPX increased butyrate, whereas PTH increased acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In ileal fermentations, PTH increased butyrate. All molecules modulated microbiota, explaining the different fermentation patterns. Altogether, we show that Bs29784 influences intestinal health by acting on the three lines of resilience via its secreted metabolites. IMPORTANCE Probiotics provide beneficial metabolites to its host. Here, we describe the mode of action of a commonly used probiotic in poultry, Bs29784. By using in vitro cellular techniques and simulated chickens' intestinal model, we show the functional link between Bs29784 metabolites and the three lines of animal resilience. Indeed, both Bs29784 vegetative cells and its metabolites stimulate cellular anti-inflammatory responses, strengthen intestinal barrier, and positively modulate microbiota composition and fermentative profile. Taken together, these results strengthen our understanding of the effect of Bs29784 on its host and explain, at least partly, its positive effects on animal health, resilience, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vieco-Saiz
- European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE). Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | | | - Eric Pinloche
- European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE). Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Aurélien Morat
- MGP Metagenopolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pauline Govindin
- MGP Metagenopolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hervé M Blottière
- MGP Metagenopolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Nantes Université, INRAE, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France
| | - Elliot Matthieu
- MGP Metagenopolis, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Estelle Devillard
- European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE). Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
| | - Jessika Consuegra
- European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE). Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France
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Deyaert S, Poppe J, Dai Vu L, Baudot A, Bubeck S, Bayne T, Krishnan K, Giusto M, Moltz S, Van den Abbeele P. Functional Muffins Exert Bifidogenic Effects along with Highly Product-Specific Effects on the Human Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo. Metabolites 2024; 14:497. [PMID: 39330504 PMCID: PMC11433953 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
GoodBiome™ Foods are functional foods containing a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis HU58™) and prebiotics (mainly inulin). Their effects on the human gut microbiota were assessed using ex vivo SIFR® technology, which has been validated to provide clinically predictive insights. GoodBiome™ Foods (BBM/LCM/OSM) were subjected to oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion/absorption, after which their impact on the gut microbiome of four adults was assessed (n = 3). All GoodBiome™ Foods boosted health-related SCFA acetate (+13.1/14.1/13.8 mM for BBM/LCM/OSM), propionate (particularly OSM; +7.4/7.5/8.9 mM for BBM/LCM/OSM) and butyrate (particularly BBM; +2.6/2.1/1.4 mM for BBM/LCM/OSM). This is related to the increase in Bifidobacterium species (B. catenulatum, B. adolescentis, B. pseudocatenulatum), Coprococcus catus and Bacteroidetes members (Bacteroides caccae, Phocaeicola dorei, P. massiliensis), likely mediated via inulin. Further, the potent propionogenic potential of OSM related to increased Bacteroidetes members known to ferment oats (s key ingredient of OSM), while the butyrogenic potential of BBM related to a specific increase in Anaerobutyricum hallii, a butyrate producer specialized in the fermentation of erythritol (key ingredient of BBM). In addition, OSM/BBM suppressed the pathogen Clostridioides difficile, potentially due to inclusion of HU58™ in GoodBiome™ Foods. Finally, all products enhanced a spectrum of metabolites well beyond SCFA, including vitamins (B3/B6), essential amino acids, and health-related metabolites such as indole-3-propionic acid. Overall, the addition of specific ingredients to complex foods was shown to specifically modulate the gut microbiome, potentially contributing to health benefits. Noticeably, our findings contradict a recent in vitro study, underscoring the critical role of employing a physiologically relevant digestion/absorption procedure for a more accurate evaluation of the microbiome-modulating potential of complex foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Jonas Poppe
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Bubeck
- Bubeck Scientific Communications, 194 Rainbow Drive #9418, Livingston, TX 77399, USA
| | - Thomas Bayne
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Kiran Krishnan
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Morgan Giusto
- Microbiome Labs, 101 E Town Pl, Saint Augustine, FL 92092, USA
| | - Samuel Moltz
- Novonesis, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Amoah K, Cai J, Huang Y, Wang B, Shija VM, Wang Z, Jin X, Cai S, Lu Y, Jian J. Identification and characterization of four Bacillus species from the intestine of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂), their antagonistic role on common pathogenic bacteria, and effects on intestinal health. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109795. [PMID: 39069109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative to the criticized antibiotics, probiotics have been adopted for their eco-friendly nature and ability to enhance host growth and immunity. Nevertheless, reports suggest ineffectiveness in commercially available probiotics since most are from non-fish sources; thus, this study was envisaged to isolate and characterize new Bacillus spp. from the gut of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) which could serve as potential probiotics. The isolation and characterization were performed based on their morphological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequencing homology analysis. A subsequent 30-day in vivo biosafety feeding trial was conducted to ascertain isolates' non-pathogenicity, as well as their effects on fish growth, and intestinal mucosal microvilli via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Four Bacillus spp. strains, namely, B. velezensis strain PGSAK01 (accession number OQ726606), B. stercoris strain PGSAK05 (accession number OQ726607), B. velezensis strain PGSAK17 (accession number OQ726601), and B. subtilis strain PGSAK19 (accession number OQ726605), were identified and characterized in the current study. The strains showed promising probiotic properties such higher adhesion capability, higher thermotolerance, displaying higher survivability to 0.5 % bile, lower pH tolerance, γ-haemolytic activity, and multispecies characteristics. Among the 24 antibiotics tested, while all isolates showed susceptibility to 21, the PGSAK01 strain showed resistance to furazolidone antibiotics. None of the isolates showed possession of i) virulence factor genes encoding enterotoxigenic (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, and entFM) and emetic (cereulide synthetase gene, ces) genes, and ii) streptomycin resistance gene (vat c), ampicillin-resistant genes (mecA and bla), and vancomycin-resistant gene (van B). Nevertheless, the PGSAK01 and PGSAK17 strains showed possession of tek K, cat, and ant(4')-Ia (adenylyltransferase) (except the PGSAK01) resistant genes. All isolates displayed better antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, Vibrio harveyi, and V. alginolyticus. The in vivo biosafety trial involved hybrid grouper fish being grouped into five (average weight 32 ± 0.94 g), namely, the group fed the basal diet void of isolate's supplementation (control), and the remaining four groups fed the basal diet with 1 × 108 CFU/g diet of individual strain PGSAK01, PGSAK05, PGSAK17, and PGSAK19 supplementation. At the end of the study, a significantly higher WGR, K (except the PGSAK01 group), VSI; lysozyme (except PGSAK01 group), total antioxidant activity, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase enzyme activities; highly dense intestinal mucosal villi (based on the scanning electron microscopy analysis); and significantly lower malondialdehyde levels were witnessed in the isolated treated groups compared to the control, supporting the results obtained in the auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity test. This work's results have provided thought-provoking targets; thus, studies involving extensive genome sequencing and functional annotation analysis will be explored to offer unfathomable insights into their mechanisms of action and potential health benefits, further establishing the four Bacillus strains' (PGSAK01, PGSAK05, PGSAK17, and PGSAK19) potential role in probiotic fields and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Vicent Michael Shija
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
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Ugras S, Bahat D. The Public Health Risks of β-Hemolytic Bacillus pumilus Bacteria Resistant to Gastrointestinal Conditions from Medicinal Plant. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 39172551 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In numerous countries, the utilization of plants for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes is a common practice. However, the inadvertent use of these plants can pose risks due to their active molecules or microbiota. The traditional use of Herniaria glabra L. (H. glabra) plant in treating various diseases is well-known; however, its application in yogurt production raises concerns. In this study, Bacillus pumilus isolated from H. glabra was identified through 16s rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS (Matriks Assisted Lazer Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Massspectrometry). The bacterium's resistance under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions was assessed, followed by investigations into its aggregation ability, antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, and antagonistic potential through in vitro tests. The study revealed that B. pumilus exhibited 100% resistance to GIT conditions. Notably, the bacterium demonstrated strong autoaggregation (34.48%) and coaggregation abilities (49.82% for Escherichia coli, 49.13% for Listeria monocytogenes), signifying a potent aggregative potential. Sensitivity to most tested antibiotics was observed, while no antagonistic activity against tested bacteria was evident. Furthermore, the bacterium exhibited β-hemolytic activity, indicative of potential virulence. The findings suggest that this resistant yet virulent bacterium, with its hemolytic activity, could disrupt the GIT balance, posing serious health risks. The study underscores the need for caution and awareness regarding the potential dangers posed by bacteria in plant microbiota in herbal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Ugras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilsah Bahat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Duzce University, Duzce, Türkiye
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6
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Liu S, Xiao F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shi G. Establishment of the CRISPR-Cpf1 gene editing system in Bacillus licheniformis and multiplexed gene knockout. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 10:39-48. [PMID: 39224148 PMCID: PMC11366866 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is a significant industrial microorganism. Traditional gene editing techniques relying on homologous recombination often exhibit low efficiency due to their reliance on resistance genes. Additionally, the established CRISPR gene editing technology, utilizing Cas9 endonuclease, faces challenges in achieving simultaneous knockout of multiple genes. To address this limitation, the CRISPR-Cpf1 system has been developed, enabling multiplexed gene editing across various microorganisms. Key to the efficient gene editing capability of this system is the rigorous screening of highly effective expression elements to achieve conditional expression of protein Cpf1. In this study, we employed mCherry as a reporter gene and harnessed P mal for regulating the expression of Cpf1 to establish the CRISPR-Cpf1 gene editing system in Bacillus licheniformis. Our system achieved a 100 % knockout efficiency for the single gene vpr and up to 80 % for simultaneous knockout of the double genes epr and mpr. Furthermore, the culture of a series of protease-deficient strains revealed that the protease encoded by aprE contributed significantly to extracellular enzyme activity (approximately 80 %), whereas proteases encoded by vpr, epr, and mpr genes contributed to a smaller proportion of extracellular enzyme activity. These findings provide support for effective molecular modification and metabolic regulation in industrial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengxu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, PR China
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7
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Payne J, Bellmer D, Jadeja R, Muriana P. The Potential of Bacillus Species as Probiotics in the Food Industry: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 39123635 PMCID: PMC11312092 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for probiotics is increasing, providing opportunities for food and beverage products to incorporate and market these foods as a source of additional benefits. The most commonly used probiotics belong to the genera of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and traditionally these bacteria have been incorporated into dairy products, where they have a wider history and can readily survive. More recently, there has been a desire to incorporate probiotics into various food products, including baked goods. In recent years, interest in the use of Bacillus species as probiotics has greatly increased. The spores of various Bacillus species such as Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis, have significantly improved viability and stability under harsher conditions during heat processing. These characteristics make them very valuable as probiotics. In this review, factors that could affect the stability of Bacillus probiotics in food products are highlighted. Additionally, this review features the existing research and food products that use Bacillus probiotics, as well as future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Payne
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (R.J.); (P.M.)
- Robert M. Kerr Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Danielle Bellmer
- Robert M. Kerr Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ravi Jadeja
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (R.J.); (P.M.)
- Robert M. Kerr Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Peter Muriana
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (R.J.); (P.M.)
- Robert M. Kerr Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
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Wu Z, Yu X, Chen P, Pan M, Liu J, Sahandi J, Zhou W, Mai K, Zhang W. Dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein has dose-dependent influence on the gut microbiota, immunity, inflammation and disease resistance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109737. [PMID: 38960106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is an eco-friendly protein source and has great application potential in aquafeeds. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CAP inclusion on the anti-oxidation, immunity, inflammation, disease resistance and gut microbiota of abalone Haliotis discus hannai after a 110-day feeding trial. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by adding 0 % (control), 4.10 % (CAP4.10) and 16.25 % (CAP16.25) of CAP, respectively. A total of 540 abalones with an initial mean body weight of 22.05 ± 0.19 g were randomly distributed in three groups with three replicates per group and 60 abalones per replicate. Results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the cell-free hemolymph (CFH) were significantly decreased and the content of malondialdehyde in CFH was significantly increased in the CAP16.25 group. The diet with 4.1 % of CAP significantly increased the activities of lysozyme and acid phosphatase in CFH. The expressions of pro-inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in digestive gland were downregulated, and the expressions of anti-inflammatory genes such as β-defensin and mytimacin 6 in digestive gland were upregulated in the CAP4.10 group. Dietary CAP inclusion significantly decreased the cumulative mortality of abalone after the challenge test with Vibrio parahaemolyticus for 7 days. Dietary CAP inclusion changed the composition of gut microbiota of abalone. Besides, the balance of the ecological interaction network of bacterial genera in the intestine of abalone was enhanced by dietary CAP. The association analysis showed that two bacterial genera Ruegeria and Bacteroides were closely correlated with the inflammatory genes. In conclusion, the 4.10 % of dietary CAP enhanced the immunity and disease resistance as well as inhibited the inflammation of abalone. The 16.25 % of dietary CAP decreased the anti-oxidative capacity of abalone. The structure of the gut microbiota of abalone changed with dietary CAP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Javad Sahandi
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wanyou Zhou
- Weihai JinPai Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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9
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Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Opgenorth J, McGill JL, Fensterseifer SR, Arias RP, Lange AM, Galbraith EA, Baumgard LH. Effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on gastrointestinal permeability and biomarkers of inflammation during and following feed restriction in mid-lactation Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6192-6210. [PMID: 38395402 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus blend) direct-fed microbial (DFM) on production, metabolism, inflammation biomarkers and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability during and following feed restriction (FR) in mid-lactation Holstein cows. Multiparous cows (n = 36; 138 ± 53 DIM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: (1) control (CON; 7.5 g/d rice hulls; n = 12), (2) DFM10 (10 g/d Bacillus DFM, 4.9 × 109 cfu/d; n = 12) or 3) DFM15 (15 g/d Bacillus DFM, 7.4 × 109 cfu/d; n = 12). Before study initiation, cows were fed their respective treatments for 32 d. Cows continued to receive treatments during the trial, which consisted of 3 experimental periods (P): P1 (5 d) served as baseline for P2 (5 d), during which all cows were restricted to 40% of P1 DMI, and P3 (5 d), a "recovery" where cows were fed ad libitum. On d 4 of P1 and on d 2 and 5 of P2, GIT permeability was evaluated in vivo using the oral paracellular marker Cr-EDTA. As anticipated, FR decreased milk production, insulin, glucagon, and BUN but increased nonesterified fatty acids. During recovery, DMI rapidly increased on d 1 then subsequently decreased (4.9 kg) on d 2 before returning to baseline, whereas milk yield slowly increased but remained decreased (13%) relative to P1. The DFM10 cows had increased DMI and milk yield relative to DFM15 during P3 (10%). Overall, milk lactose content was increased in DFM cows relative to CON (0.10 percentage units), and DFM10 cows tended to have increased lactose yield relative to CON and DFM15 during P3 (8% and 10%, respectively). No overall treatment differences were observed for other milk composition variables. Circulating glucose was quadratically increased in DFM10 cows compared with CON and DFM15 during FR and recovery. Plasma Cr area under the curve was increased in all cows on d 2 (9%) and 5 (6%) relative to P1. Circulating LPS binding protein (LBP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in all cows during P2 compared with baseline (31%, 100%, and 9.0-fold, respectively). Circulating Hp concentrations continued to increase during P3 (274%). Overall, circulating LBP and Hp tended to be increased in DFM15 cows relative to DFM10 (29% and 81%, respectively), but no treatment differences were observed for SAA. Following feed reintroduction during P3, fecal pH initially decreased (0.62 units), but returned to baseline levels whereas fecal starch markedly increased (2.5-fold) and remained increased (82%). Absolute quantities of a fecal Butyryl-CoA CoA transferase (but) gene associated with butyrate synthesis, collected by fecal swab were increased in DFM10 cows compared with CON and DFM15 cows. In summary, FR increased GIT permeability, caused inflammation, and decreased production. Feeding DFM10 increased some key production and metabolism variables and upregulated a molecular biomarker of microbial hindgut butyrate synthesis, while DFM15 appeared to augment immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - R P Arias
- United Animal Health Inc., Sheridan, IN 46069
| | - A M Lange
- Microbial Discovery Group, Oak Creek, WI 53154
| | | | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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10
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Lu S, Liao X, Lu W, Zhang L, Na K, Li X, Guo X. L-Alanine promotes anti-infectious properties of Bacillus subtilis S-2 spores via the germination receptor gerAA. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1399-1410. [PMID: 37439954 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species, which have two cell-type forms (vegetative cells and spores), demonstrate a variety of probiotic functions in animal feed additives and human nutrition. We previously found that the probiotic effect of Bacillus subtilis S-2 spores with high germination response to L-alanine was specifically enhanced by the L-alanine pretreatment. The germination response of Bacillus is highly associated with the germination receptors of spores. However, how L-alanine-induced germination of spores exerts anti-infectious effect in epithelial cells remains unclear. In this study, we constructed the mutant strain of B. subtilis S-2 with germination receptor gerAA knockout to further explore the role of spore germination in resisting pathogen infection to cells. The differential probiotic effects of B. subtilis S-2 and S-2ΔgerAA spores pretreated with L-alanine were evaluated in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) or Caco2 cells infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) or following IL-1β stimulation. The results showed that the germination response of the S-2ΔgerAA spores to L-alanine was significantly reduced. Compared with the S-2ΔgerAA spores, the L-alanine-induced germination of B. subtilis S-2 spores significantly increased the activity of anti-adhesion of ETEC to IPEC-J2 cells and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors and cell receptors. L-alanine induction also significantly promoted the expression of autophagy-related proteins in the B. subtilis S-2 spores. These findings demonstrate that the gerAA germination receptor is essential for the probiotic function of Bacillus spores and that L-alanine treatment promotes the anti-infectious properties of the germinated spores in porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells. The result suggests the importance of germination receptor gerAA in helping spore germination and enhancing anti-infectious activity. The findings in the study benefit to screening of potential Bacillus probiotics and increasing probiotic efficacy induced by L-alanine as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Wuhan City, 430074, China
| | - Xianying Liao
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Wuhan City, 430074, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Wuhan City, 430074, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Wuhan City, 430074, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Wuhan City, 430074, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- CABIO Bioengineering (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, Wuhan City, 430074, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, No. 182, Minyuan Road, Wuhan City, 430074, China.
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11
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Tang X, Zeng Y, Xiong K, Zhong J. Bacillus spp. as potential probiotics: promoting piglet growth by improving intestinal health. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1429233. [PMID: 39132437 PMCID: PMC11310147 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1429233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of Bacillus spp. as probiotics in the swine industry, particularly for piglet production, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review aimed to summarized the role and mechanisms of Bacillus spp. in promoting growth and maintaining gut health in piglets. Bacillus spp. can enhance intestinal barrier function by promoting the proliferation and repair of intestinal epithelial cells and increasing mucosal barrier integrity, thereby reducing the risk of pathogenic microbial invasion. Additionally, Bacillus spp. can activate the intestinal immune system of piglets, thereby enhancing the body's resistance to diseases. Moreover, Bacillus spp. can optimize the gut microbial community structure, enhance the activity of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli, ultimately promoting piglet growth performance and improving feed efficiency. Bacillus spp. has advantages as well as challenges as an animal probiotic, and safety evaluation should be conducted when using the newly isolated Bacillus spp. This review provides a scientific basis for the application of Bacillus spp. in modern piglet production, highlighting their potential in improving the efficiency of livestock production and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, College of Biotechnology, Hengyang, China
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12
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Yuan C, Ji X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Ding L, Li J, Ren S, Liu F, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhu W, Yu J, Wu J. Important role of Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic and vaccine carrier in animal health maintenance. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:268. [PMID: 39007987 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a widespread Gram-positive facultative aerobic bacterium that is recognized as generally safe. It has shown significant application value and great development potential in the animal farming industry. As a probiotic, it is frequently used as a feed growth supplement to effectively replace antibiotics due to its favourable effects on regulating the intestinal flora, improving intestinal immunity, inhibiting harmful microorganisms, and secreting bioactive substances. Consequently, the gut health and disease resistance of farmed animals can be improved. Both vegetative and spore forms of B. subtilis have also been utilized as vaccine carriers for delivering the antigens of infectious pathogens for over a decade. Notably, its spore form is regarded as one of the most prospective for displaying heterologous antigens with high activity and stability. Previously published reviews have predominantly focused on the development and applications of B. subtilis spore surface display techniques. However, this review aims to summarize recent studies highlighting the important role of B. subtilis as a probiotic and vaccine carrier in maintaining animal health. Specifically, we focus on the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of B. subtilis in enhancing disease resistance among farmed animals as well as its potential application as mucosal vaccine carriers. It is anticipated that B. subtilis will assume an even more prominent role in promoting animal health with in-depth research on its characteristics and genetic manipulation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yuan
- College of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- College of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Luogang Ding
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianda Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sufang Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing Zhu
- College of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Hosseini F, Pourjam M, Mirzaeian S, Karimifar M, Feizi A, Entezari MH, Saraf‐Bank S. Appetite sensation improvement by synbiotic supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4772-4782. [PMID: 39055191 PMCID: PMC11266885 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential link between dysbiosis, features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), inflammation, and sensation impairment has been recently recognized. However, in this context, there are few indications available regarding the effects of co-supplementation with Bacillus indicus, Bacillus coagulans, and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotics on patients with MetS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on glycemic indices, inflammatory biomarkers, and appetite among adults with MetS. This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center outpatient clinic in Isfahan, Iran. Fifty-eight MetS patients were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) supplementation twice per day for 8 weeks. Finally, 55 patients were recruited for analyses (28 in the intervention group and 27 in the placebo group). Random permuted blocks and a computer-generated random number table were used for treatment allocation. No adverse effects were reported during the study. There were no significant differences in glycemic indices and inflammatory markers within- and between groups (all p > .05). However, a significant increase in the sensation of fullness was documented in the synbiotic group. In conclusion, the eight-week treatment did not improve glycemic control and inflammatory markers. Nevertheless, it demonstrated potential efficacy in enhancing participants' appetite sensations, warranting further evaluation in longer intervention periods during future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mahboube Pourjam
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Mozhgan Karimifar
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Sahar Saraf‐Bank
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
- Supportive and Palliative Care DepartmentIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
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14
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Liu S, Zhao L, Li M, Zhu Y, Liang D, Ma Y, Sun L, Zhao G, Tu Q. Probiotic Bacillus as fermentation agents: Status, potential insights, and future perspectives. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101465. [PMID: 38798797 PMCID: PMC11127159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic Bacillus strains can solve the problems of single flavor and long fermentation time of fermented products caused by the lack of certain functional genes and insufficient metabolism ability of fermenter strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) at the present stage. There is a lack of systematic evaluation and review of probiotic Bacillus as food fermentation agents. In this paper, it is observed that probiotic Bacillus strains are involved to varying degrees in liquid-state, semi-solid state, and solid-state fermentation and are widely present in solid-state fermented foods. Probiotic Bacillus strains not only produce abundant proteases and lipases, but also effective antifungal lipopeptides and extracellular polymers, thus enhancing the flavor, nutritional value and safety of fermented foods. Bacillus with probiotic qualities is an underutilized group of probiotic food fermentation agents, which give a potential for the development of fermentation technology in the food business and the integration of ancient traditional fermentation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Miaoyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Yaodi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - LingXia Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Gaiming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
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15
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Morandini L, Caulier S, Bragard C, Mahillon J. Bacillus cereus sensu lato antimicrobial arsenal: An overview. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127697. [PMID: 38522411 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group contains genetically closed bacteria displaying a variety of phenotypic features and lifestyles. The group is mainly known through the properties of three major species: the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, the animal and human pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the foodborne opportunistic strains of B. cereus sensu stricto. Yet, the actual diversity of the group is far broader and includes multiple lifestyles. Another less-appreciated aspect of B. cereus members lies within their antimicrobial potential which deserves consideration in the context of growing emergence of resistance to antibiotics and pesticides, and makes it crucial to find new sources of antimicrobial molecules. This review presents the state of knowledge on the known antimicrobial compounds of the B. cereus group members, which are grouped according to their chemical features and biosynthetic pathways. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review of the antimicrobial range exhibited by this group of bacteria, underscoring the interest in its potent biocontrol arsenal and encouraging further research in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Caulier
- Laboratory of Plant Health, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Claude Bragard
- Laboratory of Plant Health, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
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16
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Ye J, Wu H, Feng L, Huang Q, Li Q, Liao W, Wu JC. Characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PM415 as a potential bio-preserving probiotic. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:222. [PMID: 38642140 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Animal feed is vulnerable to fungal infections, and the use of bio-preserving probiotics has received increasing attention. In contrast to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria spp., fewer Bacillus spp. have been recognized as antifungal probiotics. Therefore, our objective was to screen antifungal strains and provide more Bacillus candidates to bridge this gap. Here, we screened 56 bacterial strains for cyclic lipopeptide genes and conducted an antifungal assay with Aspergillus niger as a representative fungus. We found that a Bacillus strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PM415, isolated from pigeon manure, exhibited the highest fungal inhibition activity as demonstrated by the confrontation assay and morphological observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Preliminary safety assessment and probiotic characterization revealed its non-pathogenic feature and stress tolerance capability. Whole genome sequencing of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PM415 revealed a genome size of 4.16 Mbp and 84 housekeeping genes thereof were used for phylogenetic analysis showing that it is most closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112. The in silico analysis further supported its non-pathogenic feature at the genomic level and revealed potential biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for its antifungal property. RNA-seq analysis revealed genome-wide changes in transportation, amino acid metabolism, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) biosynthesis and glycan degradation during fungal antagonism. Our results suggest that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PM415 is a safe and effective probiotic strain that can prevent fungal growth in animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkang Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, P. R. China
| | - Li Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Chuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biomass High Value Utilization, Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, P. R. China.
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Zhu La ALT, Wen Q, Xiao Y, Hu D, Liu D, Guo Y, Hu Y. A New Bacillus velezensis Strain CML532 Improves Chicken Growth Performance and Reduces Intestinal Clostridium perfringens Colonization. Microorganisms 2024; 12:771. [PMID: 38674715 PMCID: PMC11051962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis has gained increasing recognition as a probiotic for improving animal growth performance and gut health. We identified six B. velezensis strains from sixty Bacillus isolates that were isolated from the cecal samples of fifteen different chicken breeds. We characterized the probiotic properties of these six B. velezensis strains. The effect of a selected strain (B. velezensis CML532) on chicken growth performance under normal feeding and Clostridium perfringens challenge conditions was also evaluated. The results revealed that the six B. velezensis strains differed in their probiotic properties, with strain CML532 exhibiting the highest bile salt and acid tolerance and high-yield enzyme and antibacterial activities. Genomic analyses showed that genes related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as genes related to starch and cellulose hydrolysis, were abundant in strain CML532. Dietary supplementation with strain CML532 promoted chicken growth, improved the gut barrier and absorption function, and modulated the gut microbiota. Under the C. perfringens challenge condition, strain CML532 alleviated intestinal damage, reduced ileal colonization of C. perfringens, and also improved chicken growth performance. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the newly isolated B. velezensis strain is a promising probiotic with beneficial effects on chicken growth performance and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.L.T.Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.X.); (D.H.); (D.L.); (Y.G.)
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18
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Du T, Xiong S, Wang L, Liu G, Guan Q, Xie M, Xiong T, Huang J. Two-stage fermentation of corn and soybean meal mixture by Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus to improve feeding value: optimization, physicochemical property, and microbial community. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1207-1219. [PMID: 38440689 PMCID: PMC10908692 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial treatment can reduce the antinutritional factors and allergenic proteins in corn-soybean meal mixture (CSMM), but the role of the microbial community in hypoallergenicity and digestibility during the fermentation process remains unclear. Therefore, the fermentation strains of Bacillus and LAB were determined, and the compatibility and fermentation process of two-stage solid fermentation composite bacteria were optimized, and the dynamic changes in physicochemical property and microbial community during two-stage fermentation were investigated. Results showed that Bacillus subtilis NCUBSL003 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCUA065016 were the best fermentation combinations. The optimal fermentation conditions were inoculum 7.14%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:0.88 and fermentation time of 74.30 h. The contents of TI, β-conglycinin and glycinin decreased significantly after fermentation. Besides, TCA-SP, small peptides and FAA increased. Bacillus and Lactobacillus were the main genera. Pathogenic bacteria genera were inhibited effectively. This study suggests the feasibility of two-stage fermentation in improving the nutrient values and safety of the CSMM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01426-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 China
- School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Shijin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 China
- School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang, 330200 Jiangxi China
| | - Guangxian Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang, 330200 Jiangxi China
| | - Qianqian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 China
- School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 China
- School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047 China
- School of Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, 330047 Jiangxi China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 602 Nanlian Road, Nanchang, 330200 Jiangxi China
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Zhao Z, Li W, Tran TT, Loo SCJ. Bacillus subtilis SOM8 isolated from sesame oil meal for potential probiotic application in inhibiting human enteropathogens. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38539071 PMCID: PMC11312844 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While particular strains within the Bacillus species, such as Bacillus subtilis, have been commercially utilised as probiotics, it is critical to implement screening assays and evaluate the safety to identify potential Bacillus probiotic strains before clinical trials. This is because some Bacillus species, including B. cereus and B. anthracis, can produce toxins that are harmful to humans. RESULTS In this study, we implemented a funnel-shaped approach to isolate and evaluate prospective probiotics from homogenised food waste - sesame oil meal (SOM). Of nine isolated strains with antipathogenic properties, B. subtilis SOM8 displayed the most promising activities against five listed human enteropathogens and was selected for further comprehensive assessment. B. subtilis SOM8 exhibited good tolerance when exposed to adverse stressors including acidity, bile salts, simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and heat treatment. Additionally, B. subtilis SOM8 possesses host-associated benefits such as antioxidant and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Furthermore, B. subtilis SOM8 contains only haemolysin toxin genes but has been proved to display partial haemolysis in the test and low cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cell models for in vitro evaluation. Moreover, B. subtilis SOM8 intrinsically resists only streptomycin and lacks plasmids or other mobile genetic elements. Bioinformatic analyses also predicted B. subtilis SOM8 encodes various bioactives compound like fengycin and lichendicin that could enable further biomedical applications. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive evaluation revealed the substantial potential of B. subtilis SOM8 as a probiotic for targeting human enteropathogens, attributable to its exceptional performance across selection assays. Furthermore, our safety assessment, encompassing both phenotypic and genotypic analyses, showed B. subtilis SOM8 has a favourable preclinical safety profile, without significant threats to human health. Collectively, these findings highlight the promising prospects of B. subtilis SOM8 as a potent probiotic candidate for additional clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtian Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenrui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - The Thien Tran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Chen X, Zhang C, Guo J, Huang X, Lv R, Quan X. Thermal and Chemical Inactivation of Bacillus Phage BM-P1. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100223. [PMID: 38242288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are often used as probiotics; however, they can be infected by phages, leading to significant economic losses. Biocidal and thermal treatments are considered rapid and effective methods for controlling microbial contamination. To prevent viral contamination in industrial dairy production, the impact of temperature and biocides on the viability of Bacillus methylotrophic phage BM-P1 was assessed. The results demonstrated that reconstituted skim milk (RSM) as a medium showed the most effective protective effect on phage BM-P1. Treatment at 90°C for 5 min or 72°C for 10 min inactivated it to nondetectable levels from the initial titer of 7.19 ± 0.11 log, regardless of the culture medium. Sodium hypochlorite exhibited the best inactivating effect, which could reduce the phage titer below the detection level in 4 min at 50 ppm. Additionally, treatment with 75% ethanol for 20 min or 50% isopropanol for 30 min could achieve inactivation to nondetectable levels. The inactivating effect of peracetic acid was limited; even when treated at the highest concentration (0.45%) for 60 min, only a 2.47 ± 0.17 log reduction was observed. This study may provide some theoretical basis and data support for establishing measures against Bacillus spp. phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China.
| | - Can Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China
| | - Ruirui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China
| | - Xingyu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China; Collaborative Innovative Center of Ministry of Education for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, PR China
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21
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Neissi A, Majidi Zahed H, Roshan R. Probiotic performance of B. subtilis MS. 45 improves aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during acute hypoxia stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3720. [PMID: 38355704 PMCID: PMC10866961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis with high probiotic performance for use in the aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The main strain of B. subtilis (MS) was irradiated with gamma rays (5.3 KGy). Subsequently, the B. subtilis mutant strain no. 45 (MS. 45) was selected for bacterial growth performance, resistance to acidic conditions, resistance to bile salts and antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. After 60 days, the rainbow trout (70.25 ± 3.89 g) fed with MS. 45 and MS were exposed to hypoxia stress (dissolved oxygen = 2 ppm). Subsequently, immune indices (lysozyme, bacterial activity and complement activity), hematological indices [hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] and antioxidant factors (T-AOC, SOD and MDA)) were analyzed after and before hypoxia exposure. The expression of immunological genes (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) in the intestine and the expression of hypoxia-related genes (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, FIH1) in the liver were compared between the different groups under hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Growth, immunological and antioxidant indices improved in group MS. 45 compared to the other groups. Stress indices and associated immunologic and hypoxia expressions under hypoxia and normoxia conditions improved in MS. 45 compared to the other groups. This resulted in improved growth, immunity and stress responses in fish fed with the microbial supplement of MS. 45 (P < 0.05) under hypoxia and normoxia conditions, (P < 0.05), resulting in a significant improvement in trout aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Neissi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran.
| | - Hamed Majidi Zahed
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
| | - Reza Roshan
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
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22
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Negi A, Pasam T, Farqadain SM, Mahalaxmi Y, Dandekar MP. In-vitro and preclinical testing of bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 probiotic in rats shows no toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae021. [PMID: 38406637 PMCID: PMC10891425 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics made from Bacillus subtilis provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of B. subtilis UBBS-14. Materials and methods According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity was examined following a single peroral (PO) administration of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) i.e. equivalent to 500 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bw. Single administration of B. subtilis UBBS-14 showed no mortality or adverse effects until the 14-day observation period, indicating LD50 is >5,000 mg/kg bw. Results Incubation of B. subtilis UBBS-14 with Caco2, HT29, and Raw 264.7 cell lines, showed no cytotoxic effects. This probiotic strain was also found responsive to the majority of antibiotics. For a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study, rats were administered 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg bw daily once (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg bw/day, respectively) doses of B. subtilis UBBS-14. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight, and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological, biochemical, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium), and urine analytical results were within the normal range and equivalent to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion B. subtilis UBBS-14's no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was thus determined to be >1,000 mg/kg bw/day following a 28-day oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Negi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Syed Muhammad Farqadain
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Y Mahalaxmi
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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23
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Mazhar S, Simon A, Khokhlova E, Colom J, Leeuwendaal N, Deaton J, Rea K. In vitro safety and functional characterization of the novel Bacillus coagulans strain CGI314. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1302480. [PMID: 38274758 PMCID: PMC10809412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacillus coagulans species have garnered much interest in health-related functional food research owing to their desirable probiotic properties, including pathogen exclusion, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and food fermentation capabilities coupled with their tolerance of extreme environments (pH, temperature, gastric and bile acid resistance) and stability due to their endosporulation ability. Methods In this study, the novel strain Bacillus coagulans CGI314 was assessed for safety, and functional probiotic attributes including resistance to heat, gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to adhere to intestinal cells, aggregation properties, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, enzymatic profile, antioxidant capacity using biochemical and cell-based methods, cholesterol assimilation, anti-inflammatory activity, and attenuation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced disruption of the intestinal-epithelial barrier. Results B. coagulans CGI314 spores display resistance to high temperatures (40°C, 70°C, and 90°C), and gastric and bile acids [pH 3.0 and bile salt (0.3%)], demonstrating its ability to survive and remain viable under gastrointestinal conditions. Spores and the vegetative form of this strain were able to adhere to a mucous-producing intestinal cell line, demonstrated moderate auto-aggregation properties, and could co-aggregate with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Vegetative cells attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HT-29 intestinal cell lines and demonstrated broad antagonistic activity toward numerous urinary tract, intestinal, oral, and skin pathogens. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated its ability to synthesize several amino acids, vitamins and short-chain fatty acids from the breakdown of complex molecules or by de novo synthesis. Additionally, B. coagulans CGI314's strong antioxidant capacity was demonstrated using enzyme-based methods and was further supported by its cytoprotective and antioxidant effects in HepG2 and HT-29 cell lines. Furthermore, B. coagulans CGI314 significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins and partially ameliorated the detrimental effects of H2O2 induced intestinal-epithelial barrier integrity. Discussion Taken together these beneficial functional properties provide strong evidence for B. coagulans CGI314 as a promising potential probiotic candidate in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahneela Mazhar
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Khokhlova
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Leeuwendaal
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Deaton
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Mahmoodi A, Farinas ET. Applications of Bacillus subtilis Protein Display for Medicine, Catalysis, Environmental Remediation, and Protein Engineering. Microorganisms 2024; 12:97. [PMID: 38257924 PMCID: PMC10821481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis spores offer several advantages that make them attractive for protein display. For example, protein folding issues associated with unfolded polypeptide chains crossing membranes are circumvented. In addition, they can withstand physical and chemical extremes such as heat, desiccation, radiation, ultraviolet light, and oxidizing agents. As a result, the sequence of the displayed protein can be easily obtained even under harsh screening conditions. Next, immobilized proteins have many economic and technological advantages. They can be easily separated from the reaction and the protein stability is increased in harsh environments. In traditional immobilization methods, proteins are expressed and purified and then they are attached to a matrix. In contrast, immobilization occurs naturally during the sporulation process. They can be easily separated from the reaction and the protein stability is increased in harsh environments. Spores are also amenable to high-throughput screening for protein engineering and optimization. Furthermore, they can be used in a wide array of biotechnological and industrial applications such as vaccines, bioabsorbants to remove toxic chemicals, whole-cell catalysts, bioremediation, and biosensors. Lastly, spores are easily produced in large quantities, have a good safety record, and can be used as additives in foods and drugs.
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25
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Wilson SM, Kang Y, Marshall K, Swanson KS. Effects of dietary fiber and biotic supplementation on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae138. [PMID: 38783711 PMCID: PMC11161905 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers and biotics have been shown to support gastrointestinal health in dogs, but are usually tested individually. There is value in testing fiber-biotic combinations that are commonly used commercially. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of diets supplemented with fibers or biotics and to evaluate their effects on the fecal characteristics, metabolites, microbiota, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations of dogs. Twelve healthy adult female beagle dogs (age = 6.2 ± 1.6 yr; body weight = 9.5 ± 1.1 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to test three treatments: 1) control diet based on rice, chicken meal, tapioca starch, and cellulose + a placebo treat (CT); 2) diet based on rice, chicken meal, garbanzo beans, and cellulose + a placebo treat (GB); 3) diet based on rice, chicken meal, garbanzo beans, and a functional fiber/prebiotic blend + a probiotic-containing treat (GBPP). In each 28-d period, a 22-d diet adaptation was followed by a 5-d fecal collection phase. Fasted blood samples were collected on day 28. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4, with P < 0.05 being significant and P < 0.10 being trends. ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter, and energy were lower (P < 0.001) and DM fecal output was higher (P < 0.01) in dogs fed GBPP than CT or GB, whereas ATTD of crude protein was higher (P < 0.001) in dogs fed CT and GBPP than GB. ATTD of fat was higher (P < 0.001) and wet fecal output was lower (P < 0.01) in dogs fed CT than GB or GBPP. Fecal DM% was higher (P < 0.001) in dogs fed CT than GBPP or GB, and higher in dogs fed GBPP than GB. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in dogs fed GB than CT or GBPP, and higher in dogs fed GB than GBPP. Fecal IgA concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in dogs fed GB than CT. Fecal microbiota populations were affected by diet, with alpha diversity being higher (P < 0.01) in dogs fed GB than CT, and beta diversity shifting following dietary fiber and biotic supplementation. The relative abundance of 24 bacterial genera was altered in dogs fed GB or GBPP than CT. Serum triglyceride concentrations were lower in dogs fed GB than GBPP or CT. Our results demonstrate that legume-based dietary fibers, with or without prebiotics and probiotics, reduce ATTD, increase stool output, beneficially shift fecal metabolites and microbiota, and reduce blood lipids in adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yifei Kang
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Herrmann LW, Letti LAJ, Penha RDO, Soccol VT, Rodrigues C, Soccol CR. Bacillus genus industrial applications and innovation: First steps towards a circular bioeconomy. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108300. [PMID: 38101553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental concerns have directed several policies, investments, and production processes. The search for sustainable and eco-friendly strategies is constantly increasing to reduce petrochemical product utilization, fossil fuel pollution, waste generation, and other major ecological impacts. The concepts of circular economy, bioeconomy, and biorefinery are increasingly being applied to solve or reduce those problems, directing us towards a greener future. Within the biotechnology field, the Bacillus genus of bacteria presents extremely versatile microorganisms capable of producing a great variety of products with little to no dependency on petrochemicals. They are able to grow in different agro-industrial wastes and extreme conditions, resulting in healthy and environmentally friendly products, such as foods, feeds, probiotics, plant growth promoters, biocides, enzymes, and bioactive compounds. The objective of this review was to compile the variety of products that can be produced with Bacillus cells, using the concepts of biorefinery and circular economy as the scope to search for greener alternatives to each production method and providing market and bioeconomy ideas of global production. Although the genus is extensively used in industry, little information is available on its large-scale production, and there is little current data regarding bioeconomy and circular economy parameters for the bacteria. Therefore, as this work gathers several products' economic, production, and environmentally friendly use information, it can be addressed as one of the first steps towards those sustainable strategies. Additionally, an extensive patent search was conducted, focusing on products that contain or are produced by the Bacillus genus, providing an indication of global technology development and direction of the bacteria products. The Bacillus global market represented at least $18 billion in 2020, taking into account only the products addressed in this article, and at least 650 patent documents submitted per year since 2017, indicating this market's extreme importance. The data we provide in this article can be used as a base for further studies in bioeconomy and circular economy and show the genus is a promising candidate for a greener and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Wedderhoff Herrmann
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Oliveira Penha
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos Street, CP 19011, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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Dos Santos VHB, de Azevedo Ximenes ECP, de Souza RAF, da Silva RPC, da Conceição Silva M, de Andrade LVM, de Souza Oliveira VM, de Melo-Júnior MR, Costa VMA, de Barros Lorena VM, de Araújo HDA, de Lima Aires A, de Azevedo Albuquerque MCP. Effects of the probiotic Bacillus cereus GM on experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:72. [PMID: 38148420 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics contribute to the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and preventing dysbiosis caused by opportunistic pathogens, such as intestinal helminths. Bacillus cereus GM obtained from Biovicerin® was cultured to obtain spores for in vivo evaluation on experimental schistosomiasis. The assay was performed for 90 days, where all animals were infected with 50 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni on the 15th day. Three experimental groups were formed, as follows: G1-saline solution from the 1st until the 90th day; G2-B. cereus GM (105 spores in 300 μL of sterile saline) from the 1st until the 90th day; and G3-B. cereus GM 35th day (onset of oviposition) until the 90th day. G2 showed a significant reduction of 43.4% of total worms, 48.8% of female worms and 42.5% of eggs in the liver tissue. In G3, the reduction was 25.2%, 29.1%, and 44% of the total number of worms, female worms, and eggs in the liver tissue, respectively. G2 and G3 showed a 25% (p < 0.001) and 22% (p < 0.001) reduction in AST levels, respectively, but ALT levels did not change. ALP levels were reduced by 23% (p < 0.001) in the G2 group, but not in the G3. The average volume of granulomas reduced (p < 0.0001) 65.2% and 46.3% in the liver tissue and 83.0% and 53.2% in the intestine, respectively, in groups G2 and G3. Th1 profile cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and IL-17 were significantly increased (p < 0.001) stimulated with B. cereus GM in groups G2 and G3. IL-4 showed significant values when the stimulus was mediated by ConA. By modulating the immune response, B. cereus GM reduced the burden of worms, improved some markers of liver function, and reduced the granulomatous inflammatory reaction in mice infected with S. mansoni, especially when administered before infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Barbosa Dos Santos
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eulália Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Ximenes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renan Andrade Fernandes de Souza
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdenia Maria de Souza Oliveira
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Vlaudia Maria Assis Costa
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos e Laboratório de Tecnologia de Biomateriais - Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Albuquerque
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Zhang D, Zheng Y, Wang X, Wang D, Luo H, Zhu W, Zhang W, Chen Z, Shao J. Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replaced by Fish Steak Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Health and Microflora, Inflammatory Response, and Protein Metabolism of Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2733234. [PMID: 38152156 PMCID: PMC10752682 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2733234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Although fish steak meal (FSM) is a potentially available protein source, its efficiency as a fish meal (FM) substitute remains unclear to date. To this end, this study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary FM replaced by FSM on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health and microflora, inflammatory response, and protein metabolism of large yellow croaker. Five isolipidic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated by substituting FM with FSM at levels of 0% (FSM0, control diet), 25% (FSM25), 50% (FSM50), 75% (FSM75), and 100% (FSM100), and were fed to juvenile large yellow croaker for 8 weeks. Compared with the control diet, the replacement of 25% dietary FM with FSM did not markedly alter the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR). When the FM substitution level was over 25%, WG and SGR markedly reduced. The intestinal structure observation found that the FSM75 and FSM100 diets markedly decreased villus height, villus width, and muscle thickness of the anterior intestine. The FSM75 and FSM100 diets significantly decreased enzyme activities of amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), trypsin, catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver of large yellow croaker. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier and inflammatory response-related genes suggested that the FSM50, FSM75, and FSM100 diets significantly decreased the mRNA abundances of intestinal barrier-related genes and anti-inflammatory response-related genes, and increased the mRNA abundances of proinflammatory gene il-6 in the anterior intestine. The compositions of intestinal microflora displayed that the FSM50, FSM75, and FSM100 diets decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes phylum and increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria phylum. In addition, the results of protein expression levels showed that the phosphorylation level of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in FSM75 and FSM100 groups were markedly reduced. In conclusion, FSM can replace up to 25% dietary FM without compromising the growth performance, intestinal health, and protein metabolism of the large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yunzong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Fuzhou Haima Feed Co. Ltd., Fuzhou 350311, China
| | - Weini Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Jianchun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Fuzhou 350108, China
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29
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Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Mayorga EJ, Opgenorth J, Jakes GM, Freestone AD, Moore CE, Dickson DJ, Hergenreder JE, Baumgard LH. Effects of Bacillus subtilis PB6 supplementation on production, metabolism, inflammatory biomarkers, and gastrointestinal tract permeability in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9793-9806. [PMID: 37641308 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (BSP) on gastrointestinal tract permeability, metabolism, inflammation, and production parameters in periparturient Holstein cows. Multiparous cows (n = 48) were stratified by previous 305-d mature equivalent milk yield and parity and assigned to 1 of 2 top-dressed dietary treatments 21 d before expected calving through 63 DIM: (1) control (CON; 13 g/d calcium carbonate; n = 24) or (2) BSP (13 g/d BSP; CLOSTAT, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA; n = 24). Gastrointestinal tract permeability was evaluated in vivo using the oral paracellular marker chromium (Cr)-EDTA. Effects of treatment, time, and treatment × time were assessed using PROC MIXED of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.). Prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by treatment; however, BSP supplementation decreased postpartum DMI relative to CON (0.7 kg). Milk yield, energy-corrected milk (ECM), fat-corrected milk (FCM), and solids-corrected milk (SCM) increased in BSP cows compared with CON (1.6, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.5 kg, respectively). Decreased DMI and increased production collectively improved feed efficiency of milk yield, ECM, FCM, and SCM for BSP cows (6, 5, 5, and 5%, respectively). No treatment differences were observed for concentrations of milk fat, protein, total solids, somatic cell count, somatic cell score, body weight, or body condition score. Milk urea nitrogen concentrations decreased (5%), whereas milk protein and lactose yield increased (5 and 2%, respectively) with BSP supplementation. Prepartum fecal pH did not differ among treatments; conversely, postpartum fecal pH was increased with BSP supplementation (0.09 pH units). Prepartum fecal dry matter percentage, starch, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ethanol did not differ among treatments. Postpartum concentrations of the aforementioned fecal parameters were also unaffected by treatment, but fecal propionic acid concentration was decreased (24%) in BSP cows relative to CON. Circulating glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, l-lactate, and insulin were similar between treatments both pre- and postpartum. Prepartum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) did not differ between treatments, but postpartum BSP supplementation decreased (21%) circulating BHB relative to CON. Regardless of treatment, inflammatory markers (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) peaked immediately following parturition and progressively decreased with time, but this pattern was not influenced by treatment. Postpartum lipopolysaccharide binding protein tended to be decreased on d 3 in BSP relative to CON cows (19%). Neither treatment nor time affected Cr-EDTA area under the curve. In summary, supplementing BSP had no detectable effects prepartum, but increased key postpartum production parameters. Bacillus subtilis PB6 consistently increased postpartum fecal pH and decreased fecal propionate concentrations but did not appear to have an effect on gastrointestinal tract permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - G M Jakes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - A D Freestone
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - C E Moore
- Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA 50317
| | | | | | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
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Shin JH, Lee HK, Lee SC, Han YK. Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum, the Causal Agent of Fusarium Basal Rot in Onion by Bacillus spp. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:600-613. [PMID: 38081320 PMCID: PMC10721391 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2023.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is the main pathogen causing Fusarium basal rot in onion (Allium cepa L.), which incurs significant yield losses before and after harvest. Among management strategies, biological control is an environmentally safe and sustainable alternative to chemical control. In this study, we isolated and screened bacteria for antifungal activity against the basal rot pathogen F. oxysporum. Isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, 23-055, and 23-056 significantly inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth and conidial germination. Isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-056 suppressed the development of Fusarium basal rot in both onion seedlings and bulbs in pot and spray inoculation assays. Isolate 23-055 was effective in onion seedlings but exhibited weak inhibitory effect on onion bulbs. Based on analyses of the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences together with morphological analysis, isolates 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-055 were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, and isolate 23-056 as Bacillus toyonensis. All five bacterial isolates exhibited cellulolytic, proteolytic, and phosphate-solubilizing activity, which may contribute to their antagonistic activity against onion basal rot disease. Taken together B. thuringiensis 23-045, 23-046, 23-052, and 23-055 and B. toyonensis 23-056 have potential for the biological control of Fusarium basal rot in onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Shin
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ha-Kyoung Lee
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seong-Chan Lee
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - You-Kyoung Han
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Zhang J, Liang M, Wu L, Yang Y, Sun Y, Wang Q, Gao X. Bioconversion of feather waste into bioactive nutrients in water by Bacillus licheniformis WHU. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7055-7070. [PMID: 37750916 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Feathers become hazardous pollutants when deposited directly into the environment. The rapid expansion of the poultry industry has significantly increased feather waste, necessitating the development of new ways to degrade and utilize feathers. This study investigated the ability of Bacillus licheniformis WHU to digest intact chicken feathers in water. The results indicated that yields of free amino acids, bioactive peptides, and keratin-derived nano-/micro-particles were improved in bacteria- versus purified keratinase-derived feather hydrolysate. Bacteria-derived feather hydrolysate supplementation induced health benefits in mice, including significantly increased intestinal villus height and zonula occludens-1 protein expression, as well as increased secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the intestinal mucosa and superoxide dismutase activity in serum. Additionally, feather hydrolysate supplementation modulated the mouse gut microbiota, reflected by increased relative abundance of probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp., decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp., and increased Bacteroidota/Firmicutes ratio. This study developed a simple, cost-effective method to degrade feathers by B. licheniformis WHU digestion, yielding a hydrolysate that can be directly used as a bioactive nutrient resource. The study findings have applications in the livestock, poultry, and aquaculture industries, which have high demands for cheap protein. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus licheniformis could degrade intact feather in water. • The resulting feather hydrolysate shows prebiotic effects on mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Manyu Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Luojiang Town, Dazhou, 635000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Luojiang Town, Dazhou, 635000, China.
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Biermann R, Beutel S. Endospore production of Bacillus spp. for industrial use. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:e2300013. [PMID: 37970521 PMCID: PMC10630785 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased occurrence of antibiotic resistance and the harmful use of pesticides are a major problem of modern times. A ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal breeding has put a focus on the probiotics market. Probiotic food supplements are versatile and show promising results in animal and human nutrition. Chemical pesticides can be substituted by biopesticides, which are very effective against various pests in plants due to increased research. What these fields have in common is the use of spore-forming bacteria. The endospore-forming Bacillus spp. belonging to this group offer an effective solution to the aforementioned problems. Therefore, the biotechnological production of sufficient qualities of such endospores has become an innovative and financially viable field of research. In this review, the production of different Bacillus spp. endospores will be reviewed. For this purpose, the media compositions, cultivation conditions and bioprocess optimization methods of the last 20 years are presented and reflected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riekje Biermann
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
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Tian Y, Zhang J, Li F, Wang A, Yang Z, Li J. Dietary supplementation with different alternative to in-feed antibiotic improves growth performance of broilers during specific phases. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102919. [PMID: 37494806 PMCID: PMC10393815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of substituting Bacillus subtilis, Astragalus membranaceus, and enzymes for aureomycin to improve the growth performance of broilers during specific phases were studied to develop alternatives to in-feed antibiotics and decrease drug residues in meat food and antibiotic resistance. Six hundred one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Broilers in the control group were supplied with basal diets (CT), and those in the remaining 4 groups were supplied with feed containing aureomycin premix (AU), B. subtilis powder (BS), A. membranaceus root powder (AM), and enzyme compound powder (EN), respectively. Compared to the control group, broilers in the other groups exhibited better growth performance during different phases. Microbial analysis of cecal contents suggested that treatment with BS or EN significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacteria but inhibited Escherichia coli or Clostridium welchii; however, these bacteria were suppressed by AU treatment except C. welchii. The digestibility of the feed in vitro was significantly enhanced by adding BS or EN to the feed, consistent with findings for growth performance. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 3 additives could improve the growth performance of broilers during specific phases. Future studies should focus on designing suitable schedules to partially replace in-feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Tian
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Research and Development Center of Shandong Soocom Animal Remedy Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Anguo Wang
- Research and Development Center of Shandong Soocom Animal Remedy Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Shandong Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine Industry Development, Jinan, 250306, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Leñini C, Rodriguez Ayala F, Goñi AJ, Rateni L, Nakamura A, Grau RR. Probiotic properties of Bacillus subtilis DG101 isolated from the traditional Japanese fermented food nattō. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1253480. [PMID: 37840737 PMCID: PMC10569484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore-forming probiotic bacteria offer interesting properties as they have an intrinsic high stability, and when consumed, they are able to survive the adverse conditions encountered during the transit thorough the host gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A traditional healthy food, nattō, exists in Japan consisting of soy fermented by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto. The consumption of nattō is linked to many beneficial health effects, including the prevention of high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular-associated disease. We hypothesize that the bacterium B. subtilis natto plays a key role in the beneficial effects of nattō for humans. Here, we present the isolation of B. subtilis DG101 from nattō and its characterization as a novel spore-forming probiotic strain for human consumption. B. subtilis DG101 was non-hemolytic and showed high tolerance to lysozyme, low pH, bile salts, and a strong adherence ability to extracellular matrix proteins (i.e., fibronectin and collagen), demonstrating its potential application for competitive exclusion of pathogens. B. subtilis DG101 forms robust liquid and solid biofilms and expresses several extracellular enzymes with activity against food diet-associated macromolecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides) that would be important to improve food diet digestion by the host. B. subtilis DG101 was able to grow in the presence of toxic metals (i.e., chromium, cadmium, and arsenic) and decreased their bioavailability, a feature that points to this probiotic as an interesting agent for bioremediation in cases of food and water poisoning with metals. In addition, B. subtilis DG101 was sensitive to antibiotics commonly used to treat infections in medical settings, and at the same time, it showed a potent antimicrobial effect against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In mammalians (i.e., rats), B. subtilis DG101 colonized the GI tract, and improved the lipid and protein serum homeostasis of animals fed on the base of a normal- or a deficient-diet regime (dietary restriction). In the animal model for longevity studies, Caenorhabditis elegans, B. subtilis DG101 significantly increased the animal lifespan and prevented its age-related behavioral decay. Overall, these results demonstrate that B. subtilis DG101 is the key component of nattō with interesting probiotic properties to improve and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Leñini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Facundo Rodriguez Ayala
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anibal Juan Goñi
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Liliana Rateni
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Roberto Ricardo Grau
- Departamento de Microbiología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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35
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Choi GH, Holzapfel WH, Todorov SD. Diversity of the bacteriocins, their classification and potential applications in combat of antibiotic resistant and clinically relevant pathogens. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:578-597. [PMID: 35731254 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is almost a century since discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, a century of enthusiasm, abuse, facing development of antibiotic-resistance and clear conclusion that the modern medicine needs a new type of antimicrobials. Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes were widely explored as potential antimicrobials with several applications in food industry. In last two decades bacteriocins showed their potential as promising alternative therapeutic for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Bacteriocins can be characterised as highly selective antimicrobials and therapeutics with low cytotoxicity. Most probably in order to solve the problems associated with the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the application of natural or bioengineered bacteriocins in addition to synergistically acting preparations of bacteriocins and conventional antibiotics, can be the next step in combat versus drug-resistant pathogens. In this overview we focussed on diversity of specific lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins. Moreover, some additional examples of bacteriocins from non-lactic acid, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic organisms are presented and discussed. Therapeutic properties of bacteriocins, their bioengineering and combined applications, together with conventional antibiotics, were evaluated with the scope of application in human and veterinary medicine for combating (multi-)drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee-Hyeun Choi
- ProBacLab, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
- Human Effective Microbes, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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36
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Park YK, Chin YW. Degradation of Bisphenol A by Bacillus subtilis P74 Isolated from Traditional Fermented Soybean Foods. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2132. [PMID: 37763976 PMCID: PMC10536603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most widely used plasticizers, is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is released from plastic products. The aim of this study was to screen and characterize bacteria with excellent BPA-degrading abilities for application in foods. BPA degradation ability was confirmed in 127 of 129 bacterial strains that were isolated from fermented soybean foods. Among the strains, B. subtilis P74, which showed the highest BPA degradation performance, degraded 97.2% of 10 mg/L of BPA within 9 h. This strain not only showed a fairly stable degradation performance (min > 88.2%) over a wide range of temperatures (30-45 °C) and pH (5.0-9.0) but also exhibited a degradation of 63% against high concentrations of BPA (80 mg/L). The metabolites generated during the degradation were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and predicted degradation pathways are tentatively proposed. Finally, the application of this strain to soybean fermentation was conducted to confirm its applicability in food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Wook Chin
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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37
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Garvey SM, Emami NK, Guice JL, Sriranganathan N, Penet C, Rhoads RP, Spears JL, Dalloul RA, El-Kadi SW. The Probiotic Bacillus subtilis MB40 Improves Immunity in a Porcine Model of Listeriosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2110. [PMID: 37630670 PMCID: PMC10458092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics for humans and direct-fed microbials for livestock are increasingly popular dietary ingredients for supporting immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis MB40 (MB40) on immunity in piglets challenged with the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Three-week-old piglets (n = 32) were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) basal diet, (2) basal diet with LM challenge, (3) MB40-supplemented diet, and (4) MB40-supplemented diet with LM challenge. Experimental diets were provided throughout a 14-day (d) period. On d8, piglets in groups 2 and 4 were intraperitoneally inoculated with LM at 108 CFU/mL per piglet. Blood samples were collected at d1, d8, and d15 for biochemical and immune response profiling. Animals were euthanized and necropsied at d15 for liver and spleen bacterial counts and intestinal morphological analysis. At d15, LM challenge was associated with increased spleen weight (p = 0.017), greater circulating populations of neutrophils (p = 0.001) and monocytes (p = 0.008), and reduced ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio (p = 0.009), compared to non-challenged controls. MB40 supplementation reduced LM bacterial counts in the liver and spleen by 67% (p < 0.001) and 49% (p < 0.001), respectively, following the LM challenge, compared to the basal diet. MB40 supplementation was also associated with decreased circulating concentrations of monocytes (p = 0.007). Altogether, these data suggest that MB40 supplementation is a safe and well-tolerated approach to enhance immunity during systemic Listeria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Garvey
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA 22974, USA
| | - Nima K. Emami
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Justin L. Guice
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA 22974, USA
| | | | - Christopher Penet
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA 22974, USA
| | - Robert P. Rhoads
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jessica L. Spears
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT Microbials, LLC, Shakopee, MN 55379, USA
| | - Rami A. Dalloul
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samer W. El-Kadi
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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38
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Vittoria M, Saggese A, Isticato R, Baccigalupi L, Ricca E. Probiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: Genomic and Physiological Characterization of Aerobic Spore Formers from the Human Intestine. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1978. [PMID: 37630538 PMCID: PMC10458579 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of thirty-two aerobic spore former strains were isolated from intestinal samples of healthy children and analyzed for their hemolytic and antibiotic-resistant activities. Four strains selected as non-hemolytic and sensitive to all antibiotics recommended as relevant by regulatory agencies were short-listed and evaluated for their in silico and in vitro probiotic potentials. The four selected strains were assigned to the Bacillus velezensis (MV4 and MV11), B. subtilis (MV24), and Priestia megaterium (formerly Bacillus megaterium) (MV30) species. A genomic analysis indicated that MV4, MV11, and MV24 contained a homolog of the gene coding for the fibrinolytic enzyme nattokinase while only MV30 encoded a glutamic acid decarboxylase essential to synthesize the neurotransmitter GABA. All four strains contained gene clusters potentially coding for new antimicrobials, showed strong antioxidant activity, formed biofilm, and produced/secreted quorum-sensing peptides able to induce a cytoprotective stress response in a model of human intestinal (HT-29) cells. Altogether, genomic and physiological data indicate that the analyzed strains do not pose safety concerns and have in vitro probiotic potentials allowing us to propose their use as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (A.S.); (R.I.)
| | - Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (A.S.); (R.I.)
| | - Rachele Isticato
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (A.S.); (R.I.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.V.); (A.S.); (R.I.)
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Cappellozza BI, Segura A, Milora N, Galschioet C, Schjelde M, Copani G. Stability of Bacillus and Enterococcus faecium 669 Probiotic Strains When Added to Different Feed Matrices Used in Dairy Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2350. [PMID: 37508127 PMCID: PMC10375954 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Few data are available evaluating the stability of direct-fed microbials (DFM) following their inclusion in different feed matrices. Therefore, six Exp. evaluated the recovery of bacilli spores (BOVACILLUSTM; Exp. 1 to 3) and an Enterococcus faecium DFM (LACTIFERM®; Exp. 4 to 6) when included in different feed preparations. The Bacillus-based DFM was included into pelleted feed prepared in different temperatures (75 to 95 °C), whereas both DFM were assessed in premix and milk replacer preparations. Bacillus spores and E. faecium recovery was evaluated through standard methodologies and data were reported as log10 colony forming units/gram of feed. The recovery of Bacillus spores was within the expected range and was not impacted by the temperature of pellet preparation (Exp. 1). Bacilli recovery was also stable up to 12 months in the premix and was not impacted by the temperature of milk replacer preparation. Regarding the Exp. with E. faecium (Exp. 4 to 6), its recoveries in the mineral premix and milk powder did not differ from T0 and were not impacted by the conditions of milk replacer preparation. These data are novel and demonstrate the stability of a Bacillus-based and an E. faecium-based DFM when included in different feed matrices often used in dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno I Cappellozza
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Audrey Segura
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Nina Milora
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Christel Galschioet
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Mette Schjelde
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Copani
- Chr. Hansen Animal and Plant Health & Nutrition, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
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40
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Saggese A, Baccigalupi L, Donadio G, Ricca E, Isticato R. The Bacterial Spore as a Mucosal Vaccine Delivery System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10880. [PMID: 37446054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient mucosal vaccines is strongly dependent on the use of appropriate vectors. Various biological systems or synthetic nanoparticles have been proposed to display and deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces. The Bacillus spore, a metabolically quiescent and extremely resistant cell, has also been proposed as a mucosal vaccine delivery system and shown able to conjugate the advantages of live and synthetic systems. Several antigens have been displayed on the spore by either recombinant or non-recombinant approaches, and antigen-specific immune responses have been observed in animals immunized by the oral or nasal route. Here we review the use of the bacterial spore as a mucosal vaccine vehicle focusing on the advantages and drawbacks of using the spore and of the recombinant vs. non-recombinant approach to display antigens on the spore surface. An overview of the immune responses induced by antigen-displaying spores so far tested in animals is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anella Saggese
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Baccigalupi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Ezio Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rachele Isticato
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, 80126 Naples, Italy
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41
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Setlow P, Christie G. New Thoughts on an Old Topic: Secrets of Bacterial Spore Resistance Slowly Being Revealed. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0008022. [PMID: 36927044 PMCID: PMC10304885 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00080-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for bacterial survival is exemplified by spores formed by some Firmicutes members. They turn up everywhere one looks, and their ubiquity reflects adaptations to the stresses bacteria face. Spores are impactful in public health, food safety, and biowarfare. Heat resistance is the hallmark of spores and is countered principally by a mineralized gel-like protoplast, termed the spore core, with reduced water which minimizes macromolecular movement/denaturation/aggregation. Dry heat, however, introduces mutations into spore DNA. Spores have countermeasures to extreme conditions that are multifactorial, but the fact that spore DNA is in a crystalline-like nucleoid in the spore core, likely due to DNA saturation with small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs), suggests that reduced macromolecular motion is also critical in spore dry heat resistance. SASPs are also central in the radiation resistance characteristic of spores, where the contributions of four spore features-SASP; Ca2+, with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (CaDPA); photoproduct lyase; and low water content-minimize DNA damage. Notably, the spore environment steers UV photochemistry toward a product that germinated spores can repair without significant mutagenesis. This resistance extends to chemicals and macromolecules that could damage spores. Macromolecules are excluded by the spore coat which impedes the passage of moieties of ≥10 kDa. Additionally, damaging chemicals may be degraded or neutralized by coat enzymes/proteins. However, the principal protective mechanism here is the inner membrane, a compressed structure lacking lipid fluidity and presenting a barrier to the diffusion of chemicals into the spore core; SASP saturation of DNA also protects against genotoxic chemicals. Spores are also resistant to other stresses, including high pressure and abrasion. Regardless, overarching mechanisms associated with resistance seem to revolve around reduced molecular motion, a fine balance between rigidity and flexibility, and perhaps efficient repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Setlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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42
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Buiatte V, Schultheis M, Lorenzoni AG. Deconstruction of a multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic used for poultry: an in vitro assessment of its individual components against C. perfringens. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:117. [PMID: 37349830 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics have been used in poultry production to improve the performance and health of chickens raised without antibiotics. The combination of different probiotic strains has been used with the hope of conferring multiple benefits to the host. However, the inclusion of several strains does not necessarily boost benefits. There is a lack of studies that compare the efficacy of multi-strain probiotics to their individual components. In this study, the effects of a Bacillus-based probiotic product mix containing B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis against Clostridium perfringens were tested in vitro using a co-culture method. The individual strains and different combinations of the strains used in the product were also tested against C. perfringens. RESULTS The probiotic product mix tested in this study did not show effects against C. perfringens (P = 0.499). When tested individually, the strain of B. subtilis was the most efficient strain to decrease C. perfringens concentrations (P ≤ 0.01), and the addition of other Bacillus species strains significantly decreased its efficacy against C. perfringens. We concluded that the probiotic mix of Bacillus strains used in this study (B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus and B subtilis) was not effective in decreasing C. perfringens concentrations in vitro. However, when deconstructing the probiotic, the strain of B. subtilis alone or combined with the strain of B. licheniformis were effective against C. perfringens. This suggests that the anticlostridial properties of the particular strains of Bacillus used in this study were negatively affected when combined with other Bacillus spp. strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Buiatte
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Maria Schultheis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alberto Gino Lorenzoni
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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43
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Chen H, Sun X, He H, Ren H, Duan H, Zhang C, Chang Q, Zhang R, Ge J. Lysinibacillus capsici 38,328 isolated from agricultural soils as a promising probiotic candidate for intestinal health. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:251. [PMID: 37249701 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of spore-forming Bacillus spp. as probiotic ingredients on the market. However, probiotics Bacillus species are insufficient, and more safe Bacillus species were required. In the study, traditional fermented foods and soil samples were collected from more than ten provinces in China, and 506 Bacillus were selected from 109 samples. Using the optimized procedure, we screened nine strains, which successfully passed the acid, alkali, bile salt, and trypsin resistance test. Drug sensitivity test results showed that three Bacillus out of the nine isolates exhibited antibiotic sensitivity to more than 29 antibiotics. The three strains sensitive to antibiotics were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA, recA, and gyrB gene analysis, two isolates (38,327 and 38,328) belong to the species Lysinibacillus capsici and one isolate (37,326) belong to Bacillus halotolerans. Moreover, the three strains were confirmed safe through animal experiments. Finally, L. capsici 38,327 and 38,328 showed protections in the Salmonella typhimurium infection mouse model, which slowed down weight loss, reduced bacterial load, and improved antioxidant capacity. Altogether, our data demonstrated that selected L. capsici strains can be used as novel probiotics for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huilin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongkun Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoyuan Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chuankun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingru Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, 150030, China.
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D'Rose V, Bhat SG. Whole genome sequence analysis enabled affirmation of the probiotic potential of marine sporulater Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BTSS3 isolated from Centroscyllium fabricii. Gene 2023; 864:147305. [PMID: 36813058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host. Many probiotics find application in various industries however, probiotic bacteria linked to marine environments are less explored.Although Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and Streptococcus thermophilus are the most frequently used probiotics, Bacillus spp. have acquired much acceptance in human functional foods due to their increased tolerance and enduring competence in harsh environments like the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, the 4 Mbp genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BTSS3, a marine spore former isolated from deep-sea shark Centroscyllium fabricii, with antimicrobial and probiotic properties was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Analysis revealed the presence of numerous genes presenting probiotic traits like production of vitamins, secondary metabolites, amino acids, secretory proteins, enzymes and other proteins that allow survival in GI tract as well as adhesion to intestinal mucosa. Adhesion by colonization in the gut was studied in vivo in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using FITC labelled B.amyloliquefaciens BTSS3. Preliminary study revealed the ability of the marine Bacillus to attach to the intestinal mucosa of the fish gut. The genomic data and the in vivo experiment affirms that this marine spore former is a promising probiotic candidate with potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia D'Rose
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 22, India.
| | - Sarita Ganapathy Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 22, India; Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 22, Kerala, India.
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45
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Ghelardi E, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Lupetti A, Bois De Fer B, Perez M. Analysis of the microbial content of probiotic products commercialized worldwide and survivability in conditions mimicking the human gut environment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1127321. [PMID: 37234535 PMCID: PMC10208119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Adequate number of living microbes, the presence of specific microorganisms, and their survival in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment are important to achieve desired health benefits of probiotic products. In this in vitro study, 21 leading probiotic formulations commercialized worldwide were evaluated for their microbial content and survivability in simulated GI conditions. Methods Plate-count method was used to determine the amount of living microbes contained in the products. Culture-dependent Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and culture-independent metagenomic analysis through 16S and 18S rDNA sequencing were applied in combination for species identification. To estimate the potential survivability of the microorganisms contained in the products in the harsh GI environment, an in vitro model composed of different simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was adopted. Results The majority of the tested probiotic products were concordant with the labels in terms of number of viable microbes and contained probiotic species. However, one product included fewer viable microbes than those displayed on the label, one product contained two species that were not declared, and another product lacked one of the labeled probiotic strains. Survivability in simulated acidic and alkaline GI fluids was highly variable depending on the composition of the products. The microorganisms contained in four products survived in both acidic and alkaline environments. For one of these products, microorganisms also appeared to grow in the alkaline environment. Conclusion This in vitro study demonstrates that most globally commercialized probiotic products are consistent with the claims described on their labels with respect to the number and species of the contained microbes. Evaluated probiotics generally performed well in survivability tests, although viability of microbes in simulated gastric and intestinal environments showed large variability. Although the results obtained in this study indicate a good quality of the tested formulations, it is important to stress that stringent quality controls of probiotic products should always be performed to provide optimal health benefits for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Development of a novel functional yogurt rich in lycopene by Bacillus subtilis. Food Chem 2023; 407:135142. [PMID: 36493487 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functional lycopene-rich yogurt displays attractive nutritious and health-promoting benefits among existing functional dairy products, owing to supplement with lycopene which could enhance immunity, prevent cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to poor stability and fat-solubility of lycopene, its incorporation into yogurt is challengeable. In this study, carotenoid genes for lycopene synthesis were co-introduced into probiotic Bacillus subtilis for efficient lycopene production. Further engineered B. subtilis was applied as adjunct starter culture for achieving lycopene-rich yogurt. Developed yogurt exhibited desirable physiochemical characteristics compared with plain yogurt. Moreover, lycopene-rich yogurt was endowed with significantly high antioxidant capacity. More importantly, this functionalized yogurt had attractive sensorial attributes for quality-assured food to facilitate consumer acceptance. As the first report of fortifying yogurt of lycopene using B. subtilis with improved functional properties, this study offers a new and facile clue to enrich bioactive lycopene and probiotic B. subtilis in yogurt for healthy and nutritional food development.
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Cheng Q, Li Z, Zhang J, Guo H, Ahmat M, Cheng J, Abbas Z, Hua Z, Wang J, Tong Y, Yang T, Si D, Zhang R. Soybean Oil Regulates the Fatty Acid Synthesis II System of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 by Activating Acetyl-CoA Levels. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1164. [PMID: 37317138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
[Background] Bacillus LFB112 is a strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens screened in our laboratory. Previous studies found that it has a strong ability for fatty acid metabolism and can improve the lipid metabolism of broilers when used as feed additives. [Methods] This study aimed to confirm the fatty acid metabolism of Bacillus LFB112. Sterilized soybean oil (SSO) was added to the Beef Peptone Yeast (BPY) medium, and its effect on fatty acid content in the supernatant and bacteria, as well as expression levels of genes related to fatty acid metabolism, were studied. The control group was the original culture medium without oil. [Results] Acetic acid produced by the SSO group of Bacillus LFB112 decreased, but the content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. The 1.6% SSO group significantly increased the contents of pyruvate and acetyl-CoA in the pellets. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in the type II fatty acid synthesis pathway of FabD, FabH, FabG, FabZ, FabI, and FabF were up-regulated. [Conclusions] Soybean oil increased the content of acetyl-CoA in Bacillus LFB112, activated its type II fatty acid synthesis pathway, and improved the fatty acid metabolism level of Bacillus LFB112. These intriguing results pave the way for further investigations into the intricate interplay between Bacillus LFB112 and fatty acid metabolism, with potential applications in animal nutrition and feed additive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Henan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Marhaba Ahmat
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Junhao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengchang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yucui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Gorsuch JP, Buckman D. Meat extract casein peptone agar - A novel culture medium for the enumeration of Bacillus endospores in commercial products. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 206:106689. [PMID: 36787822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a novel culture medium, Meat Extract Casein Peptone (MECP) agar, to support the enumeration of Bacillus endospores in commercial products. The formulation is the result of screening eight different veterinary, pharmaceutical, and industrial grade peptones for the ability to support the formation of small, well-defined Bacillus colonies on solid culture medium. The impact of agar purity, agar formulation rate, and metal cation additives were examined in prototype medium batches prepared from preferred peptone inputs. A customized plate counting assay based on the resultant MECP agar formulation was compared with standardized pour-plate and spread-plate assays (ISO 4833) and flow cytometry for the ability to accurately enumerate five Bacillus-based biostimulants and biofertilizers. Estimations of Bacillus endospore concentration generated by the customized spread-plate assay were significantly higher than those produced by ISO 4833 pour-plate and spread-plate assays for four out of the five tested products and were in better agreement with flow cytometry values; however, flow cytometry values were numerically higher than values returned by both plating methods. Both flow cytometry and plating assays based on MECP or similar culture media represent potential candidates for standardization and validation through organizations such as ISO and AOAC International for the enumeration of Bacillus-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gorsuch
- BiOWiSH Technologies, 2717 Erie Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45208, USA.
| | - Dana Buckman
- BioForm Solutions, 11575 Sorrento Valley Rd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Özkoç M, Can B, Şentürk H, Burukoğlu Dönmez D, Kanbak G. Possible Curative Effects of Boric Acid and Bacillus clausii Treatments on TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1237-1251. [PMID: 35349007 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although there are several treatment options available to improve the symptoms of IBD patients, there is no effective treatment that provides a definitive solution. In the present study, we aim to investigate the antioxidative/anti-inflammatory effects of oral administration of boric acid and Bacillus clausii in a rat trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. The effects of boric acid and B. clausii were examined in serum and colon tissues with the help of some biochemical and histological analyses. Elevated inflammation and oxidative damage were found in the blood and colon tissue samples in the TNBS-induced group according to the complete blood count (CBC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin-35 (IL-35), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), and histological findings. Particularly, the highest IL-35 level (70.09 ± 12.62 ng/mL) in the combined treatment group, highest catalase activity (5322 ± 668.1 U/mg protein) in the TNBS-induced group, and lower relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the TNBS-induced group than the control group were striking findings. According to our results, it can be concluded that boric acid showed more curative effects, even if B. clausii probiotics was partially ameliorative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Özkoç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus.
| | - Betül Can
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Şentürk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoğlu Dönmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Güngör Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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50
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He H, Yu Q, Ding Z, Zhang L, Shi G, Li Y. Biotechnological and food synthetic biology potential of platform strain: Bacillus licheniformis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:281-291. [PMID: 37090063 PMCID: PMC10119484 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is one of the most characteristic Gram-positive bacteria. Its unique genetic background and safety characteristics make it have important biologic applications in the food industry, including, the biosynthesis of high value-added bioproducts, probiotic functions, biological treatment of wastes derived from food production, etc. In this review, these recent advances are summarized and presented systematically for the first time. In addition, we highlight synthetic biology strategies as a potential driver of developing this strain for wider and more efficient application in the food industry. Finally, we present the current challenges faced and provide our unique perspective on relevant future research directions. In summary, this review will provide an illuminating and comprehensive perspective that will allow an in-depth understanding of B. licheniformis and promote its more effective development in the food industry.
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