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Cardoza E, Singh H. From Stress Tolerance to Virulence: Recognizing the Roles of Csps in Pathogenicity and Food Contamination. Pathogens 2024; 13:69. [PMID: 38251376 PMCID: PMC10819108 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Be it for lab studies or real-life situations, bacteria are constantly exposed to a myriad of physical or chemical stresses that selectively allow the tolerant to survive and thrive. In response to environmental fluctuations, the expression of cold shock domain family proteins (Csps) significantly increases to counteract and help cells deal with the harmful effects of stresses. Csps are, therefore, considered stress adaptation proteins. The primary functions of Csps include chaperoning nucleic acids and regulating global gene expression. In this review, we focus on the phenotypic effects of Csps in pathogenic bacteria and explore their involvement in bacterial pathogenesis. Current studies of csp deletions among pathogenic strains indicate their involvement in motility, host invasion and stress tolerance, proliferation, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation. Through their RNA chaperone activity, Csps regulate virulence-associated genes and thereby contribute to bacterial pathogenicity. Additionally, we outline their involvement in food contamination and discuss how foodborne pathogens utilize the stress tolerance roles of Csps against preservation and sanitation strategies. Furthermore, we highlight how Csps positively and negatively impact pathogens and the host. Overall, Csps are involved in regulatory networks that influence the expression of genes central to stress tolerance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harinder Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India
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2
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Ghasemieshkaftaki M, Vasquez I, Eshraghi A, Gamperl AK, Santander J. Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Novel Vibrio sp. Isolated from an Ulcer Disease Event in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). Microorganisms 2023; 11:1736. [PMID: 37512908 PMCID: PMC10385127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcer diseases are a recalcitrant issue at Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture cage-sites across the North Atlantic region. Classical ulcerative outbreaks (also called winter ulcer disease) refer to a skin infection caused by Moritella viscosa. However, several bacterial species are frequently isolated from ulcer disease events, and it is unclear if other undescribed pathogens are implicated in ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon. Although different polyvalent vaccines are used against M. viscosa, ulcerative outbreaks are continuously reported in Atlantic salmon in Canada. This study analyzed the phenotypical and genomic characteristics of Vibrio sp. J383 isolated from internal organs of vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon displaying clinical signs of ulcer disease. Infection assays conducted on vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon and revealed that Vibrio sp. J383 causes a low level of mortalities when administered intracelomic at doses ranging from 107-108 CFU/dose. Vibrio sp. J383 persisted in the blood of infected fish for at least 8 weeks at 10 and 12 °C. Clinical signs of this disease were greatest 12 °C, but no mortality and bacteremia were observed at 16 °C. The Vibrio sp. J383 genome (5,902,734 bp) has two chromosomes of 3,633,265 bp and 2,068,312 bp, respectively, and one large plasmid of 201,166 bp. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses indicated that Vibrio sp. J383 is related to V. splendidus, with 93% identity. Furthermore, the phenotypic analysis showed that there were significant differences between Vibrio sp. J383 and other Vibrio spp, suggesting J383 is a novel Vibrio species adapted to cold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemieshkaftaki
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Anthony Kurt Gamperl
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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3
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Ramoneda J, Stallard-Olivera E, Hoffert M, Winfrey CC, Stadler M, Niño-García JP, Fierer N. Building a genome-based understanding of bacterial pH preferences. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8998. [PMID: 37115929 PMCID: PMC10146879 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The environmental preferences of many microbes remain undetermined. This is the case for bacterial pH preferences, which can be difficult to predict a priori despite the importance of pH as a factor structuring bacterial communities in many systems. We compiled data on bacterial distributions from five datasets spanning pH gradients in soil and freshwater systems (1470 samples), quantified the pH preferences of bacterial taxa across these datasets, and compiled genomic data from representative bacterial taxa. While taxonomic and phylogenetic information were generally poor predictors of bacterial pH preferences, we identified genes consistently associated with pH preference across environments. We then developed and validated a machine learning model to estimate bacterial pH preferences from genomic information alone, a model that could aid in the selection of microbial inoculants, improve species distribution models, or help design effective cultivation strategies. More generally, we demonstrate the value of combining biogeographic and genomic data to infer and predict the environmental preferences of diverse bacterial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ramoneda
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Elias Stallard-Olivera
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael Hoffert
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claire C. Winfrey
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Masumi Stadler
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Niño-García
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Ciudad Universitaria Calle 67 No 12 53-108, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Corresponding author. (J.R.); (N.F.)
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4
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Muchaamba F, von Ah U, Stephan R, Stevens MJA, Tasara T. Deciphering the global roles of Cold shock proteins in Listeria monocytogenes nutrient metabolism and stress tolerance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1057754. [PMID: 36605504 PMCID: PMC9808409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1057754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) accounts for serious public health and food safety problems owing to its stress resilience and pathogenicity. Based on their regulatory involvement in global gene expression events, cold-shock domain family proteins (Csps) are crucial in expression of various stress fitness and virulence phenotypes in bacteria. Lm possesses three Csps (CspA, CspB, and CspD) whose regulatory roles in the context of the genetic diversity of this bacterium are not yet fully understood. We examined the impacts of Csps deficiency on Lm nutrient metabolism and stress tolerance using a set of csp deletion mutants generated in different genetic backgrounds. Phenotype microarrays (PM) analysis showed that the absence of Csps in ∆cspABD reduces carbon (C-) source utilization capacity and increases Lm sensitivity to osmotic, pH, various chemical, and antimicrobial stress conditions. Single and double csp deletion mutants in different Lm genetic backgrounds were used to further dissect the roles of individual Csps in these phenotypes. Selected PM-based observations were further corroborated through targeted phenotypic assays, confirming that Csps are crucial in Lm for optimal utilization of various C-sources including rhamnose and glucose as well as tolerance against NaCl, β-phenyethylamine (PEA), and food relevant detergent stress conditions. Strain and genetic lineage background-based differences, division of labour, epistasis, and functional redundancies among the Csps were uncovered with respect to their roles in various processes including C-source utilization, cold, and PEA stress resistance. Finally, targeted transcriptome analysis was performed, revealing the activation of csp gene expression under defined stress conditions and the impact of Csps on expression regulation of selected rhamnose utilization genes. Overall, our study shows that Csps play important roles in nutrient utilization and stress responses in Lm strains, contributing to traits that are central to the public health and food safety impacts of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Francis Muchaamba,
| | | | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. A. Stevens
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Secretome Analysis of the Plant Biostimulant Bacteria Strains Bacillus subtilis (EB2004S) and Lactobacillus helveticus (EL2006H) in Response to pH Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315144. [PMID: 36499471 PMCID: PMC9739546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that there is a high frequency of plant-growth-promoting strains in Bacillus subtilis and that these can be effective under both stressful and stress-free conditions. There are very few studies of this activity in the case of Lactobacillus helveticus. In this study, the effects of pH on the secretome (proteins) in the cell-free supernatants of two bacterial strains were evaluated. The bacteria were cultured at pH 5, 7 and 8, and their secretome profiles were analyzed, with pH 7 (optimal growth pH) considered as the "control". The results showed that acidity (lower pH 5) diminishes the detectable production of most of the secretome proteins, whereas alkalinity (higher pH 8) increases the detectable protein production. At pH 5, five (5) new proteins were produced by L. helveticus, including class A sortase, fucose-binding lectin II, MucBP-domain-containing protein, SLAP-domain-containing protein and hypothetical protein LHEJCM1006_11110, whereas for B. subtilis, four (4) types of proteins were uniquely produced (p ≤ 0.05), including helicase-exonuclease AddAB subunit AddB, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, a cluster of ABC-F family ATP-binding-cassette-domain-containing proteins and a cluster of excinuclease ABC (subunit B). At pH 8, Bacillus subtilis produced 56 unique proteins. Many of the detected proteins were involved in metabolic processes, whereas the others had unknown functions. The unique and new proteins with known and unknown functions suggest potential the acclimatization of the microbes to pH stress.
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Podrzaj L, Burtscher J, Domig KJ. Comparative Genomics Provides Insights Into Genetic Diversity of Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Potential Implications for Late Blowing Defects in Cheese. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889551. [PMID: 35722315 PMCID: PMC9201417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium tyrobutyricum has been recognized as the main cause of late blowing defects (LBD) in cheese leading to considerable economic losses for the dairy industry. Although differences in spoilage ability among strains of this species have been acknowledged, potential links to the genetic diversity and functional traits remain unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate and characterize genomic variation, pan-genomic diversity and key traits of C. tyrobutyricum by comparing the genomes of 28 strains. A comparative genomics analysis revealed an “open” pangenome comprising 9,748 genes and a core genome of 1,179 genes shared by all test strains. Among those core genes, the majority of genes encode proteins related to translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, energy production and conversion, and amino acid metabolism. A large part of the accessory genome is composed of sets of unique, strain-specific genes ranging from about 5 to more than 980 genes. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed several strain-specific genes related to replication, recombination and repair, cell wall, membrane and envelope biogenesis, and defense mechanisms that might facilitate survival under stressful environmental conditions. Phylogenomic analysis divided strains into two clades: clade I contained human, mud, and silage isolates, whereas clade II comprised cheese and milk isolates. Notably, these two groups of isolates showed differences in certain hypothetical proteins, transcriptional regulators and ABC transporters involved in resistance to oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide comparative genomics of C. tyrobutyricum strains related to LBD. Importantly, the findings presented in this study highlight the broad genetic diversity of C. tyrobutyricum, which might help us understand the diversity in spoilage potential of C. tyrobutyricum in cheese and provide some clues for further exploring the gene modules responsible for the spoilage ability of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Podrzaj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Burtscher
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Guddimalli R, Somanaboina AK, Palle SR, Edupuganti S, Kummari D, Palakolanu SR, Naravula J, Gandra J, Qureshi IA, Marka N, Polavarapu R, Kavi Kishor PB. Overexpression of RNA-binding bacterial chaperones in rice leads to stay-green phenotype, improved yield and tolerance to salt and drought stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1351-1368. [PMID: 33583030 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding bacterial cold shock proteins A (CspA, 213 bp) and B (CspB, 216 bp) were isolated from Escherichia coli strain K12, which showed 100% homology with gene sequences isolated from other bacterial species. In silico domain, analysis showed eukaryotic conserved cold shock domain (CSD) and ribonuclease-binding domain (RBD) indicating that they bind to RNA and are involved in temperature stress tolerance. Overexpression of these two genes in E. coli resulted in higher growth in presence of 200 mM NaCl and 300 mM mannitol. Western blot confirmed the translational products of the two genes. Seedlings of indica rice were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing pCAMBIA1301 CspA and CspB genes. Transgene integration was confirmed by β-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and gene copy number by Southern blotting. Chlorophyll, proline, Na+ , and K+ contents were higher in transgenics exposed to 150 mM NaCl and drought (imposed by withholding water) stresses during floral initiation stage. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was low in transgenics. Transgenics displayed increased root, shoot, and panicle lengths, root dry mass, and a distinct stay-green (SGR) phenotype. Higher transcript levels of CspA, CspB, SGR, chlorophyllase, isopentenyl adenine transferase 1 (IPT1), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), SOD, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes were observed in transgenics compared to wild type plants (WT) under multiple stresses. Present work indicates that bacterial chaperone proteins are capable of imparting SGR phenotype, salt and drought stress tolerance alongside grain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | | | | | - Divya Kummari
- Cell, Molecular & Genetic Engineering Lab, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- Cell, Molecular & Genetic Engineering Lab, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jalaja Naravula
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India
| | - Jawahar Gandra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences B-II, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Insaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagaraju Marka
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Kashyap S, Sharma P, Capalash N. Potential genes associated with survival of Acinetobacter baumannii under ciprofloxacin stress. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104844. [PMID: 34098109 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that has acquired resistance to all available drugs. The rise in multi-drug resistance in A. baumannii has been exacerbated by its ability to tolerate antibiotics due to the persister cells, which are phenotypic variants of normal cells that can survive various stress conditions, resulting in chronicity of infection. In the present study we observed that A. baumannii formed persister cells against lethal concentration of ciprofloxacin in exponential phase. The transcriptome of A. baumannii was analyzed after exposure to high concentration of ciprofloxacin (50X MIC) to determine the possible mechanisms of survival. Transcriptome analysis showed differential expression of 146 genes, of which 101 were up-regulated and 45 were down-regulated under ciprofloxacin stress. Differentially expressed genes that might be important for persistence against ciprofloxacin were involved in DNA repair, phenylacetic acid degradation, leucine catabolism, HicAB toxin-antitoxin system and ROS response (iron-sulfur clusters, hemerythrin-like metal binding and Kdp). recA, umuD and ddrR genes involved in SOS response were also up-regulated. Knockout of umuD showed significant decrease in persister cells formation while they were completely eradicated in recA mutant strain. The differentially expressed genes highlighted in the study merit further investigation as therapeutic targets for effective control of A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block-I, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, BMS Block-I, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India, 160014
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, BMS Block-I, Sector-25, Chandigarh, India, 160014.
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Listeria monocytogenes Cold Shock Proteins: Small Proteins with A Huge Impact. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051061. [PMID: 34068949 PMCID: PMC8155936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, L. monocytogenes has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. L. monocytogenes has three highly conserved csp genes, namely, cspA, cspB, and cspD. Using a series of csp deletion mutants, it has been shown that L. monocytogenes Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in csp roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed.
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Christopoulou N, Granneman S. The role of RNA-binding proteins in mediating adaptive responses in Gram-positive bacteria. FEBS J 2021; 289:1746-1764. [PMID: 33690958 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are constantly subjected to stressful conditions, such as antibiotic exposure, nutrient limitation and oxidative stress. For pathogenic bacteria, adapting to the host environment, escaping defence mechanisms and coping with antibiotic stress are crucial for their survival and the establishment of a successful infection. Stress adaptation relies heavily on the rate at which the organism can remodel its gene expression programme to counteract the stress. RNA-binding proteins mediating co- and post-transcriptional regulation have recently emerged as important players in regulating gene expression during adaptive responses. Most of the research on these layers of gene expression regulation has been done in Gram-negative model organisms where, thanks to a wide variety of global studies, large post-transcriptional regulatory networks have been uncovered. Unfortunately, our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in Gram-positive bacteria is lagging behind. One possible explanation for this is that many proteins employed by Gram-negative bacteria are not well conserved in Gram-positives. And even if they are conserved, they do not always play similar roles as in Gram-negative bacteria. This raises the important question whether Gram-positive bacteria regulate gene expression in a significantly different way. The goal of this review was to discuss this in more detail by reviewing the role of well-known RNA-binding proteins in Gram-positive bacteria and by highlighting their different behaviours with respect to some of their Gram-negative counterparts. Finally, the second part of this review introduces several unusual RNA-binding proteins of Gram-positive species that we believe could also play an important role in adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christopoulou
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sander Granneman
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Brunt J, van Vliet AHM, Carter AT, Stringer SC, Amar C, Grant KA, Godbole G, Peck MW. Diversity of the Genomes and Neurotoxins of Strains of Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes Associated with Foodborne, Infant and Wound Botulism. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090586. [PMID: 32932818 PMCID: PMC7551954 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium botulinum Group I and Clostridium sporogenes are closely related bacteria responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A comparative genomic study with 556 highly diverse strains of C. botulinum Group I and C. sporogenes (including 417 newly sequenced strains) has been carried out to characterise the genetic diversity and spread of these bacteria and their neurotoxin genes. Core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed two major lineages; C. botulinum Group I (most strains possessed botulinum neurotoxin gene(s) of types A, B and/or F) and C. sporogenes (some strains possessed a type B botulinum neurotoxin gene). Both lineages contained strains responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A new C. sporogenes cluster was identified that included five strains with a gene encoding botulinum neurotoxin sub-type B1. There was significant evidence of horizontal transfer of botulinum neurotoxin genes between distantly related bacteria. Population structure/diversity have been characterised, and novel associations discovered between whole genome lineage, botulinum neurotoxin sub-type variant, epidemiological links to foodborne, infant and wound botulism, and geographic origin. The impact of genomic and physiological variability on the botulism risk has been assessed. The genome sequences are a valuable resource for future research (e.g., pathogen biology, evolution of C. botulinum and its neurotoxin genes, improved pathogen detection and discrimination), and support enhanced risk assessments and the prevention of botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
- Gut Health and Food Safety, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (A.T.C.); (S.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Arnoud H. M. van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK;
| | - Andrew T. Carter
- Gut Health and Food Safety, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (A.T.C.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Sandra C. Stringer
- Gut Health and Food Safety, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (A.T.C.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Corinne Amar
- Gastrointestinal Pathogens Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK; (C.A.); (K.A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Kathie A. Grant
- Gastrointestinal Pathogens Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK; (C.A.); (K.A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Gastrointestinal Pathogens Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK; (C.A.); (K.A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Michael W. Peck
- Gut Health and Food Safety, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (A.T.C.); (S.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (M.W.P.)
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12
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Rodríguez-Verdugo A, Lozano-Huntelman N, Cruz-Loya M, Savage V, Yeh P. Compounding Effects of Climate Warming and Antibiotic Resistance. iScience 2020; 23:101024. [PMID: 32299057 PMCID: PMC7160571 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved diverse mechanisms to survive environments with antibiotics. Temperature is both a key factor that affects the survival of bacteria in the presence of antibiotics and an environmental trait that is drastically increasing due to climate change. Therefore, it is timely and important to understand links between temperature changes and selection of antibiotic resistance. This review examines these links by synthesizing results from laboratories, hospitals, and environmental studies. First, we describe the transient physiological responses to temperature that alter cellular behavior and lead to antibiotic tolerance and persistence. Second, we focus on the link between thermal stress and the evolution and maintenance of antibiotic resistance mutations. Finally, we explore how local and global changes in temperature are associated with increases in antibiotic resistance and its spread. We suggest that a multidisciplinary, multiscale approach is critical to fully understand how temperature changes are contributing to the antibiotic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie Lozano-Huntelman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mauricio Cruz-Loya
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Van Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Pamela Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
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13
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He S, Fong K, Wang S, Shi X. Ethanol adaptation in foodborne bacterial pathogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:777-787. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoukui He
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karen Fong
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Siyun Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xianming Shi
- MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Dobrzanski T, Pobre V, Moreno LF, Barbosa HCDS, Monteiro RA, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, de Souza EM, Arraiano CM, Steffens MBR. In silico prediction and expression profile analysis of small non-coding RNAs in Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:134. [PMID: 32039705 PMCID: PMC7011215 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a diazotrophic bacterium from the β-proteobacteria class that colonizes endophytically important gramineous species, promotes their growth through phytohormone-dependent stimulation and can express nif genes and fix nitrogen inside plant tissues. Due to these properties this bacterium has great potential as a commercial inoculant for agriculture. The H. seropedicae SmR1 genome is completely sequenced and annotated but despite the availability of diverse structural and functional analysis of this genome, studies involving small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) has not yet been done. We have conducted computational prediction and RNA-seq analysis to select and confirm the expression of sRNA genes in the H. seropedicae SmR1 genome, in the presence of two nitrogen independent sources and in presence of naringenin, a flavonoid secreted by some plants. RESULTS This approach resulted in a set of 117 sRNAs distributed in riboswitch, cis-encoded and trans-encoded categories and among them 20 have Rfam homologs. The housekeeping sRNAs tmRNA, ssrS and 4.5S were found and we observed that a large number of sRNAs are more expressed in the nitrate condition rather than the control condition and in the presence of naringenin. Some sRNAs expression were confirmed in vitro and this work contributes to better understand the post transcriptional regulation in this bacterium. CONCLUSIONS H. seropedicae SmR1 express sRNAs in the presence of two nitrogen sources and/or in the presence of naringenin. The functions of most of these sRNAs remains unknown but their existence in this bacterium confirms the evidence that sRNAs are involved in many different cellular activities to adapt to nutritional and environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Dobrzanski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, PoBox 19046, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia Pobre
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Leandro Ferreira Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, PoBox 19046, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helba Cirino de Souza Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Alcides Vieira Arcoverde, 1225, Curitiba, 81520-260, Brazil
| | - Rose Adele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, PoBox 19046, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Alcides Vieira Arcoverde, 1225, Curitiba, 81520-260, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, PoBox 19046, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, PoBox 19046, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cecília Maria Arraiano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Berenice Reynaud Steffens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, PoBox 19046, Curitiba, 81.531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
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15
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Valero A, Olague E, Medina-Pradas E, Garrido-Fernández A, Romero-Gil V, Cantalejo MJ, García-Gimeno RM, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Posada-Izquierdo GD, Arroyo-López FN. Influence of Acid Adaptation on the Probability of Germination of Clostridium sporogenes Spores Against pH, NaCl and Time. Foods 2020; 9:E127. [PMID: 31991695 PMCID: PMC7074042 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clostridium sp. is a large group of spore-forming, facultative or strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria that can produce food poisoning. The table olive industry is demanding alternative formulations to respond to market demand for the reduction of acidity and salt contents in final products. while maintaining the appearance of freshness of fruits. In this work, logistic regression models for non-adapted and acid-adapted Clostridium sp. strains were developed in laboratory medium to study the influence of pH, NaCl (%) and time on the probability of germination of their spores. A Clostridium sporogenes cocktail was not able to germinate at pH < 5.0, although the adaptation of the strains produced an increase in the probability of germination at 5.0-5.5 pH levels and 6% NaCl concentration. At acidic pH values (5.0), the adapted strains germinated after 10 days of incubation, while those which were non-adapted required 15 days. At pH 5.75 and with 4% NaCl, germination of the adapted strains took place before 7 days, while several replicates of the non-adapted strains did not germinate after 42 days of storage. The model was validated in natural green olive brines with good results (>81.7% correct prediction cases). The information will be useful for the industry and administration to assess the safety risk in the formulation of new processing conditions in table olives and other fermented vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Elena Olague
- Department of Food Technology, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.O.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Eduardo Medina-Pradas
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-F.); (F.N.A.-L.)
| | - Antonio Garrido-Fernández
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-F.); (F.N.A.-L.)
| | - Verónica Romero-Gil
- Technological Applications for Improvement of the Quality and Safety in Foods, R&D Division, Crta. Marbella 22. Guaro, 29108 Málaga, Spain;
| | - María Jesús Cantalejo
- Department of Food Technology, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.O.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Rosa María García-Gimeno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Guiomar Denisse Posada-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (R.M.G.-G.); (F.P.-R.)
| | - Francisco Noé Arroyo-López
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-F.); (F.N.A.-L.)
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16
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Ethanol Adaptation Strategies in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Revealed by Global Proteomic and Mutagenic Analyses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01107-19. [PMID: 31375481 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis is able to adapt to sublethal concentrations of ethanol, which subsequently induce tolerance of this pathogen to normally lethal ethanol challenges. This work aims to elucidate the underlying ethanol adaptation mechanisms of S Enteritidis by proteomic and mutagenic analyses. The global proteomic response of S Enteritidis to ethanol adaptation (5% ethanol for 1 h) was determined by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), and it was found that a total of 138 proteins were differentially expressed in ethanol-adapted cells compared to nonadapted cells. A total of 56 upregulated proteins were principally associated with purine metabolism and as transporters for glycine betaine, phosphate, d-alanine, thiamine, and heme, whereas 82 downregulated proteins were mainly involved in enterobactin biosynthesis and uptake, the ribosome, flagellar assembly, and virulence. Moreover, mutagenic analysis further revealed the functions of two highly upregulated proteins belonging to purine metabolism (HiuH, 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase) and glycine betaine transport (ProX, glycine betaine-binding periplasmic protein) pathways. Deletion of either hiuH or proX resulted in the development of a stronger ethanol tolerance response, suggesting negative regulatory roles in ethanol adaptation. Collectively, this work suggests that S Enteritidis employs multiple strategies to coordinate ethanol adaptation.IMPORTANCE Stress adaptation in foodborne pathogens has been recognized as a food safety concern since it may compromise currently employed microbial intervention strategies. While adaptation to sublethal levels of ethanol is able to induce ethanol tolerance in foodborne pathogens, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly characterized. Hence, global proteomic analysis and mutagenic analysis were conducted in the current work to understand the strategies employed by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis to respond to ethanol adaptation. It was revealed that coordinated regulation of multiple pathways involving metabolism, ABC transporters, regulators, enterobactin biosynthesis and uptake, the ribosome, flagellar assembly, and virulence was responsible for the development of ethanol adaptation response in this pathogen. Such knowledge will undoubtedly contribute to the development and implementation of more-effective food safety interventions.
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17
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Fernández-Naveira Á, Veiga MC, Kennes C. Effect of salinity on C1-gas fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans producing acids and alcohols. AMB Express 2019; 9:110. [PMID: 31317357 PMCID: PMC6637162 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium carboxidivorans can produce acids and/or alcohols through syngas fermentation. In that C1-gas fermentation process, the production of acids takes place at higher pH (acetogenesis) (e.g., around 6.00), while the conversion of accumulated acids into alcohols (solventogenesis) is more favourable at a lower pH (e.g., 4.75–5.00). The pH drop, when switching from acetogenesis to solventogenesis, can either be natural—and result from the production of acids—or artificial. In the latter case, for the acidification process, a strong acid (HCl) was added to a syngas fermenting bioreactor in this study, while NaOH was added to increase the pH whenever needed. Cycles of high and low pH were applied in order to switch from acetogenic to solventogenic stages. This pH adjustment procedure leads to the accumulation of salts. The possible inhibitory effect exerted by changes in salinity in the bioreactor was estimated in batch bottles assays, carried out with different salinities (media with different concentrations of sodium chloride) using C. carboxidivorans and CO as a carbon source. At NaCl concentrations below 9 g/L, maximum growth rates around 0.055 h−1 were obtained, whereas increasing the concentration of sodium chloride had a negative effect on bacterial growth and CO consumption. In the case of the most concentrated bottles, above 15 g/L NaCl no relevant growth was observed. Also, the IC50, i.e. concentration yielding 50% growth inhibition, was estimated, and reached a value of 11 g/L sodium chloride.
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18
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Caballero CJ, Menendez-Gil P, Catalan-Moreno A, Vergara-Irigaray M, García B, Segura V, Irurzun N, Villanueva M, Ruiz de Los Mozos I, Solano C, Lasa I, Toledo-Arana A. The regulon of the RNA chaperone CspA and its auto-regulation in Staphylococcus aureus. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1345-1361. [PMID: 29309682 PMCID: PMC5815144 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential to fine-tune gene expression. RBPs containing the cold-shock domain are RNA chaperones that have been extensively studied. However, the RNA targets and specific functions for many of them remain elusive. Here, combining comparative proteomics and RBP-immunoprecipitation-microarray profiling, we have determined the regulon of the RNA chaperone CspA of Staphylococcus aureus. Functional analysis revealed that proteins involved in carbohydrate and ribonucleotide metabolism, stress response and virulence gene expression were affected by cspA deletion. Stress-associated phenotypes such as increased bacterial aggregation and diminished resistance to oxidative-stress stood out. Integration of the proteome and targetome showed that CspA post-transcriptionally modulates both positively and negatively the expression of its targets, denoting additional functions to the previously proposed translation enhancement. One of these repressed targets was its own mRNA, indicating the presence of a negative post-transcriptional feedback loop. CspA bound the 5′UTR of its own mRNA disrupting a hairpin, which was previously described as an RNase III target. Thus, deletion of the cspA 5′UTR abrogated mRNA processing and auto-regulation. We propose that CspA interacts through a U-rich motif, which is located at the RNase III cleavage site, portraying CspA as a putative RNase III-antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Pilar Menendez-Gil
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Arancha Catalan-Moreno
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Marta Vergara-Irigaray
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain.,Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IDISNA. 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Begoña García
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain.,Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IDISNA. 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Víctor Segura
- Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Center for Applied Medical Research. University of Navarra. 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naiara Irurzun
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maite Villanueva
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Igor Ruiz de Los Mozos
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cristina Solano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain.,Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IDISNA. 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Iñigo Lasa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain.,Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), IDISNA. 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alejandro Toledo-Arana
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología. IDAB, CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra. 31192-Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
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19
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Zhang Z, Wu T, Li Y, Bai X, Yan X, Gao Y, Shi Q, Zhu G. Contribution of the serine protease HtrA in Escherichia coli to infection in foxes. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103570. [PMID: 31158492 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli can cause severe, acute hemorrhagic pneumonia and systemic infection in farmed foxes, raccoon dogs and minks, leading to considerable economic losses to the farmers. It is well established that the htrA-encoded serine protease HtrA is critical for bacterial growth and survival under stress, and HtrA has been determined to be a potential vaccine target. However, the roles of HtrA in E. coli pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we generated an htrA-deletion mutant of the E. coli protype strain HBCLE-12 that causes pneumonia in silver foxes and then evaluated the changes in bacterial physiological characteristics in the absence of HtrA. The data show that knockout of the htrA gene did not affect growth and biochemical characteristics but led to impaired virulence of the strain. Increased susceptibility to environmental stresses, impaired survival in serum, and reduced biofilm formation may contribute to the virulence attenuation of the mutant. Furthermore, the HtrA-deficient mutant was subjected to RNA-seq analysis, and 16 differentially expressed genes were determined. This study provided insight that HtrA plays a definitive role in E. coli-induced infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- The Second Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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20
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Ünal CM, Karagöz MS, Berges M, Priebe C, Borrero de Acuña JM, Wissing J, Jänsch L, Jahn D, Steinert M. Pleiotropic Clostridioides difficile Cyclophilin PpiB Controls Cysteine-Tolerance, Toxin Production, the Central Metabolism and Multiple Stress Responses. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:340. [PMID: 31024308 PMCID: PMC6459899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive pathogen Clostridioides difficile is the main bacterial agent of nosocomial antibiotic associated diarrhea. Bacterial peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans-isomerases (PPIases) are well established modulators of virulence that influence the outcome of human pathologies during infections. Here, we present the first interactomic network of the sole cyclophilin-type PPIase of C. difficile (CdPpiB) and show that it has diverse interaction partners including major enzymes of the amino acid-dependent energy (LdhA, EtfAB, Had, Acd) and the glucose-derived (Fba, GapA, Pfo, Pyk, Pyc) central metabolism. Proteins of the general (UspA), oxidative (Rbr1,2,3, Dsr), alkaline (YloU, YphY) and cold shock (CspB) response were found bound to CdPpiB. The transcriptional (Lrp), translational (InfC, RFF) and folding (GroS, DnaK) control proteins were also found attached. For a crucial enzyme of cysteine metabolism, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (CysK), the global transcription regulator Lrp and the flagellar subunit FliC, these interactions were independently confirmed using a bacterial two hybrid system. The active site residues F50, F109, and F110 of CdPpiB were shown to be important for the interaction with the residue P87 of Lrp. CysK activity after heat denaturation was restored by interaction with CdPpiB. In accordance, tolerance toward cell wall stress caused by the exposure to amoxicillin was reduced. In the absence of CdPpiB, C. difficile was more susceptible toward L-cysteine. At the same time, the cysteine-mediated suppression of toxin production ceased resulting in higher cytotoxicity. In summary, the cyclophilin-type PPIase of C. difficile (CdPpiB) coordinates major cellular processes via its interaction with major regulators of transcription, translation, protein folding, stress response and the central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Murat Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Moleküler Biyoteknoloji Bölümü, Türk-Alman Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mareike Berges
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christina Priebe
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Josef Wissing
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cellular Proteomics Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cellular Proteomics Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Virtanen JP, Keto-Timonen R, Jaakkola K, Salin N, Korkeala H. Changes in Transcriptome of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP32953 Grown at 3 and 28°C Detected by RNA Sequencing Shed Light on Cold Adaptation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:416. [PMID: 30538955 PMCID: PMC6277586 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a bacterium that not only survives, but also thrives, proliferates, and remains infective at cold-storage temperatures, making it an adept foodborne pathogen. We analyzed the differences in gene expression between Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953 grown at 3 and 28°C to investigate which genes were significantly more expressed at low temperature at different phases of growth. We isolated and sequenced the RNA from six distinct corresponding growth points at both temperatures to also outline the expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes. Genes involved in motility, chemotaxis, phosphotransferase systems (PTS), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of different nutrients such as fructose and mannose showed higher levels of transcripts at 3°C. At the beginning of growth, especially genes involved in securing nutrients, glycolysis, transcription, and translation were upregulated at 3°C. To thrive as well as it does at low temperature, Y. pseudotuberculosis seems to require certain cold shock proteins, especially those encoded by yptb3585, yptb3586, yptb2414, yptb2950, and yptb1423, and transcription factors, like Rho, IF-1, and RbfA, to maintain its protein synthesis. We also found that genes encoding RNA-helicases CsdA (yptb0468), RhlE (yptb1214), and DbpA (yptb1652), which unwind frozen secondary structures of nucleic acids with cold shock proteins, were significantly more expressed at 3°C, indicating that these RNA-helicases are important or even necessary during cold. Genes involved in excreting poisonous spermidine and acquiring compatible solute glycine betaine, by either uptake or biosynthesis, showed higher levels of transcripts at low temperatures. This is the first finding of a strong connection between the aforementioned genes and the cold adaptation of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Understanding the mechanisms behind the cold adaptation of Y. pseudotuberculosis is crucial for controlling its growth during cold storage of food, and will also shed light on microbial cold adaptation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussa-Pekka Virtanen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Keto-Timonen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Jaakkola
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Salin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Eshwar AK, Guldimann C, Oevermann A, Tasara T. Cold-Shock Domain Family Proteins (Csps) Are Involved in Regulation of Virulence, Cellular Aggregation, and Flagella-Based Motility in Listeria monocytogenes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:453. [PMID: 29124040 PMCID: PMC5662587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold shock-domain family proteins (Csps) are highly conserved nucleic acid binding proteins regulating the expression of various genes including those involved in stress resistance and virulence in bacteria. We show here that Csps are involved in virulence, cell aggregation and flagella-based extracellular motility of Listeria monocytogenes. A L. monocytogenes mutant deleted in all three csp genes (ΔcspABD) is attenuated with respect to human macrophage infection as well as virulence in a zebrafish infection model. Moreover, this mutant is incapable of aggregation and fails to express surface flagella or exhibit swarming motility. An evaluation of double csp gene deletion mutant (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD and ΔcspAB) strains that produce single csp genes showed that there is redundancy as well as functional differences among the three L. monocytogenes Csps in their contributions to virulence, cellular aggregation, flagella production, and swarming motility. Protein and mRNA expression analysis further showed impaired expression of key virulence and motility genes in the csp mutants. Our observations at protein and mRNA level suggest Csp-dependent expression regulation of these genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In a mutant lacking all csp genes (ΔcspABD) as well as those possessing single csp genes (ΔcspBD, ΔcspAD, and ΔcspAB) we detected reduced levels of proteins or activity as well as transcripts from the prfA, hly, mpl, and plcA genes suggesting a Csp-dependent transcriptional regulation of these genes. These csp mutants also had reduced or completely lacked ActA proteins and cell surface flagella but contained elevated actA and flaA mRNA levels compared to the parental wild type strain suggesting Csp involvement in post-transcriptional regulation of these genes. Overall, our results suggest that Csps contribute to the expression regulation of virulence and flagella-associated genes thereby promoting host pathogenicity, cell aggregation and flagella-based motility processes in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmanya K. Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Neuropathology—Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Huang T, Zhang X, Pan J, Su X, Jin X, Guan X. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cold Shock Protein-Like Bacteriocin Synthesized by Bacillus thuringiensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35560. [PMID: 27762322 PMCID: PMC5071883 DOI: 10.1038/srep35560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), one of the most successful biopesticides, may expand its potential by producing bacteriocins (thuricins). The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial potential of a novel Bt bacteriocin, thuricin BtCspB, produced by Bt BRC-ZYR2. The results showed that this bacteriocin has a high similarity with cold-shock protein B (CspB). BtCspB lost its activity after proteinase K treatment; however it was active at 60 °C for 30 min and was stable in the pH range 5-7. The partial loss of activity after the treatments of lipase II and catalase were likely due to the change in BtCspB structure and the partial degradation of BtCspB, respectively. The loss of activity at high temperatures and the activity variation at different pHs were not due to degradation or large conformational change. BtCspB did not inhibit four probiotics. It was only active against B. cereus strains 0938 and ATCC 10987 with MIC values of 3.125 μg/mL and 0.781 μg/mL, and MBC values of 12.5 μg/mL and 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Taken together, these results provide new insights into a novel cold shock protein-like bacteriocin, BtCspB, which displayed promise for its use in food preservation and treatment of B. cereus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jieru Pan
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops & Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian-Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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Yu Z, Zheng H, Zhao X, Li S, Xu J, Song H. High level extracellular production of a recombinant alkaline catalase in E. coli BL21 under ethanol stress and its application in hydrogen peroxide removal after cotton fabrics bleaching. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:303-310. [PMID: 27151682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of induction parameters, osmolytes and ethanol stress on the productivity of the recombinant alkaline catalase (KatA) in Escherichia coli BL21 (pET26b-KatA) were investigated. The yield of soluble KatA was significantly enhanced by 2% ethanol stress. And a certain amount of Triton X-100 supplementation could markedly improved extracellular ratio of KatA. A total soluble catalase activity of 78,762U/mL with the extracellular ratio of 92.5% was achieved by fed-batch fermentation in a 10L fermentor, which was the highest yield so far. The purified KatA showed high stability at 50°C and pH 6-10. Application of KatA for elimination of H2O2 after cotton fabrics bleaching led to less consumption of water, steam and electric power by 25%, 12% and 16.7% respectively without productivity and quality losing of cotton fabrics. Thus, the recombinant KatA is a promising candidate for industrial production and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Yu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongchen Zheng
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xingya Zhao
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianyong Xu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hui Song
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
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25
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Keto-Timonen R, Hietala N, Palonen E, Hakakorpi A, Lindström M, Korkeala H. Cold Shock Proteins: A Minireview with Special Emphasis on Csp-family of Enteropathogenic Yersinia. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1151. [PMID: 27499753 PMCID: PMC4956666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions. Many bacteria produce small cold shock proteins (Csp) as a response to rapid temperature downshift (cold shock). During cold shock, the cell membrane fluidity and enzyme activity decrease, and the efficiency of transcription and translation is reduced due to stabilization of nucleic acid secondary structures. Moreover, protein folding is inefficient and ribosome function is hampered. Csps are thought to counteract these harmful effects by serving as nucleic acid chaperons that may prevent the formation of secondary structures in mRNA at low temperature and thus facilitate the initiation of translation. However, some Csps are non-cold inducible and they are reported to be involved in various cellular processes to promote normal growth and stress adaptation responses. Csps have been shown to contribute to osmotic, oxidative, starvation, pH and ethanol stress tolerance as well as to host cell invasion. Therefore, Csps seem to have a wider role in stress tolerance of bacteria than previously assumed. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are enteropathogens that can spread through foodstuffs and cause an enteric infection called yersiniosis. Enteropathogenic Yersinia are psychrotrophs that are able to grow at temperatures close to 0°C and thus they set great challenges for the modern food industry. To be able to efficiently control psychrotrophic Yersinia during food production and storage, it is essential to understand the functions and roles of Csps in stress response of enteropathogenic Yersinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Keto-Timonen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Hietala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eveliina Palonen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hakakorpi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Burbank LP, Stenger DC. A Temperature-Independent Cold-Shock Protein Homolog Acts as a Virulence Factor in Xylella fastidiosa. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:335-344. [PMID: 26808446 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-15-0260-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa, causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine, is a fastidious organism that requires very specific conditions for replication and plant colonization. Cold temperatures reduce growth and survival of X. fastidiosa both in vitro and in planta. However, little is known regarding physiological responses of X. fastidiosa to temperature changes. Cold-shock proteins (CSP), a family of nucleic acid-binding proteins, act as chaperones facilitating translation at low temperatures. Bacterial genomes often encode multiple CSP, some of which are strongly induced following exposure to cold. Additionally, CSP contribute to the general stress response through mRNA stabilization and posttranscriptional regulation. A putative CSP homolog (Csp1) with RNA-binding activity was identified in X. fastidiosa Stag's Leap. The csp1 gene lacked the long 5' untranslated region characteristic of cold-inducible genes and was expressed in a temperature-independent manner. As compared with the wild type, a deletion mutant of csp1 (∆csp1) had decreased survival rates following cold exposure and salt stress in vitro. The deletion mutant also was significantly less virulent in grapevine, as compared with the wild type, in the absence of cold stress. These results suggest an important function of X. fastidiosa Csp1 in response to cellular stress and during plant colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey P Burbank
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, U.S.A
| | - Drake C Stenger
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, U.S.A
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27
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Janoir C. Virulence factors of Clostridium difficile and their role during infection. Anaerobe 2016; 37:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Gwak E, Oh MH, Park BY, Lee H, Lee S, Ha J, Lee J, Kim S, Choi KH, Yoon Y. Probabilistic Models to Predict Listeria monocytogenes Growth at Low Concentrations of NaNO2 and NaCl in Frankfurters. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:815-23. [PMID: 26877642 PMCID: PMC4726962 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.6.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed probabilistic models to describe Listeria monocytogenes growth responses in meat products with low concentrations of NaNO2 and NaCl. A five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated in NBYE (nutrient broth plus 0.6% yeast extract) supplemented with NaNO2 (0-141 ppm) and NaCl (0-1.75%). The inoculated samples were then stored under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at 4, 7, 10, 12, and 15℃ for up to 60 d. Growth response data [growth (1) or no growth (0)] for each combination were determined by turbidity. The growth response data were analyzed using logistic regression to predict the growth probability of L. monocytogenes as a function of NaNO2 and NaCl. The model performance was validated with the observed growth responses. The effect of an obvious NaNO2 and NaCl combination was not observed under aerobic storage condition, but the antimicrobial effect of NaNO2 on the inhibition of L. monocytogenes growth generally increased as NaCl concentration increased under anaerobic condition, especially at 7-10℃. A single application of NaNO2 or NaCl significantly (p<0.05) inhibited L. monocytogenes growth at 4-15℃, but the combination of NaNO2 or NaCl more effectively (p<0.05) inhibited L. monocytogenes growth than single application of either compound under anaerobic condition. Validation results showed 92% agreement between predicted and observed growth response data. These results indicate that the developed model is useful in predicting L. monocytogenes growth response at low concentrations of NaNO2 and NaCl, and the antilisterial effect of NaNO2 increased by NaCl under anaerobic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Gwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Beom-Young Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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