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Šobot AV, Janić M, Popović I, Lazarević-Pašti T, Momić T, Krstić A, Tričković JF. Aqueous sage leave extract attenuates inflammation and oxidant-induced genotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:137-146. [PMID: 38963137 PMCID: PMC11223510 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has used sage (Salvia officinalis L.) preparations for centuries to prevent and treat various inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced conditions. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the bioactive properties of a sage leave extract obtained with environmentally friendly aqueous extraction and lyophilisation in primary human peripheral blood cells. To that end we measured the total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC, respectively) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Non-cytotoxic concentrations determined with the trypan blue assay were used to assess the antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, and PAB assay), antigenotoxic (CBMN assay), immunomodulatory (IL-1β and TNF-α), and neuroprotective effects (AChE inhibition). The extract contained high TPC (162 mg GAE/g of dry extract) and TFC (39.47 mg QE/g of dry extract) concentrations, while β-thujone content was unexpectedly low (below 0.9 %). Strong radical-scavenging activity combined with glutathione reductase activation led to a decrease in basal and H2O2-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. A decrease in TNF-α and increase in IL-1β levels suggest complex immunomodulatory response that could contribute to antioxidant and, together with mild AChE inhibition, neuroprotective effects. Overall, this study has demonstrated that aqueous sage leave extract reduces the levels of thujone, 1,8-cineole, pinene, and terpene ketones that could be toxic in high concentrations, while maintaining high concentrations of biologically active protective compounds which have a potential to prevent and/or treat inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valenta Šobot
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Janić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Popović
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Momić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Krstić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Filipović Tričković
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Wu Z, Chen H, Yang B, Zhao J, Chen W. Structural identification and antioxidant activity of trans-9, trans-11, cis-15-conjugated linolenic acid converted by probiotics. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114258. [PMID: 38609236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the chemical structures of octadecatrienoic acid isomers produced by probiotics through the bioconversion of α-linolenic acid and to assess their antioxidant capacities. The chemical structures were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), while the antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro and in cellular. The NMR signals obtained allowed for definitive characterization, with the main ion fragments detected being m/z 58.0062, 59.0140, 71.0141, 113.0616, 127.0777, and 181.5833. Compounds at concentrations below 40 μM maintained the antioxidant capacity of HepG2 cells by protecting endogenous antioxidative enzymes and mitochondrial membrane potential. However, doses higher than 40 μM increase oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results confirmed the structure of the probiotic-derived compound as trans9, trans11, cis15-conjugated linolenic acid. Additionally, appropriate doses of CLNA can alleviate oxidative stress induced by AAPH, while high doses aggravate cellular damage. These findings provide foundational information for the further exploration of probiotic-derived edible lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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3
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Mróz M, Kusznierewicz B. Phytochemical screening and biological evaluation of Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) extracts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22309. [PMID: 38102229 PMCID: PMC10724190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of extraction solvents on the composition and bioactivity of Salvia fruticosa extracts. Ultrasound-assisted extraction with water, ethanol and their mixtures in variable proportions was used to produce four different extracts. An untargeted UPLC/MS‑based metabolomics was performed to discover metabolites profile variation between the extracts. In the analyzed samples, 2704 features had been detected, of which 95 were tentatively identified. The concentrations of the important metabolites, namely, caffeic acid, carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and scutellarin, were determined, using UPLC-PDA methods. Rosmarinic acid was the dominant metabolite and antioxidant in all tested extracts, except the aqueous extract, in which scutellarin was the most abundant compound. The extracts and standards were examined for antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The most diverse in terms of chemical composition and rich in antioxidant compounds was 70% ethanolic extract and the strongest antioxidant was caffeic acid. All analyzed extracts showed the ability to inhibit XO activity, but the highest value was recorded for 30% ethanolic extract. Among tested standards, the most potent XO inhibitor was caffeic acid. The results suggest that the leaves of Greek sage are a source of natural XO inhibitors and may be an alternative to drugs produced by chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Mróz
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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4
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Liang R, Xu L, Fan C, Cao L, Guo X. Structural Characteristics and Antioxidant Mechanism of Donkey-Hide Gelatin Peptides by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2023; 28:7975. [PMID: 38138465 PMCID: PMC10745372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the structural characteristics and antioxidant mechanism of donkey-hide gelatin peptides. After hydrolysis and ultrafiltration treatment, five gelatin peptides with different molecular weights (MWs) were obtained. Amino acid analysis showed that gelatin peptides with different MWs contained a large number of amino acids, including G, P, E, N, A, and R, and differences were noted in the content of various amino acids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed that these gelatin peptides differed in terms of the peak strength of functional groups and number of secondary structures. Moreover, 26 pentapeptides/hexapeptides were identified. Among them, we investigated by molecular docking how PGPAP, which has the best antioxidant activity, may interact with the Keap1 protein. The results showed that the PGPAP-Keap1 complex had a stable conformation, and Arg415, Gly462, Phe478, and Tyr572 were the key residues involved in the binding of the peptide PGPAP to Keap1. Our results demonstrated that PGPAP could serve as a bioactive peptide with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xingfeng Guo
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (R.L.); (L.X.); (C.F.); (L.C.)
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5
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Basal WT, Issa AM, Abdelalem O, Omar AR. Salvia officinalis restores semen quality and testicular functionality in cadmium-intoxicated male rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20808. [PMID: 38012170 PMCID: PMC10682483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential ability of Salvia officinalis, one of the oldest medicinal plants, to protect male rats against cadmium reproductive toxicity. Twenty-eight healthy male rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 7); control, Salvia-extract treated group, cadmium treated group and a group treated with both Cd and Salvia. Administration of cadmium reduced the relative testis to body weight and significantly affected sperm parameters by decreasing motility, viability, count and increasing morphological aberrations. Comet assay was used to detect DNA fragmentation in sperms of the rats exposed to Cd. Serum levels of testosterone T, follicle stimulating hormone FSH, and luteinizing hormone LH were significantly decreased. The biochemical analysis of testicular tissue showed a significant rise in Malondialdehyde MDA level coupled with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione peroxidase GPx and catalase CAT). The histological examination of testis sections after Cd administration revealed severe degeneration of spermatogenic cells. Seminiferous tubules were filled with homogenous eosinophilic fluid associated with atrophy of other seminiferous tubules. Co-treatment with the Salvia officinalis extract restored the oxidative enzymes activities and decreased the formation of lipid peroxidation byproduct, which in turn ameliorated the effect of Cd on sperm parameters, DNA damage and testis histopathology. Taken together, it can be concluded that the synergistic antioxidant and radical savaging activities of Salvia officinalis prevented the effect of Cd on semen quality, sperm DNA damage, along with the oxidative stress and histological abnormalities in the testis tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam T Basal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Aliaa M Issa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Omnia Abdelalem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Amel R Omar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Simon A, Mazhar S, Khokhlova E, Leeuwendaal N, Phipps C, Deaton J, Rea K, Colom J. Solarplast ®-An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2678. [PMID: 37514292 PMCID: PMC10384499 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world we are constantly bombarded by environmental and natural stimuli that can result in oxidative stress. Antioxidant molecules and enzymes help the human body scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage. Most organisms possess intrinsic antioxidant activity, but also benefit from the consumption of antioxidants from their diet. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach are a well-researched rich source of dietary antioxidant molecules. However, plant cell walls are difficult to digest for many individuals and the bio-accessibility of nutrients and antioxidants from these sources can be limited by the degree of digestion and assimilation. Through a specific enzymatic process, Solarplast® contains organic spinach protoplasts without the cell wall, which may facilitate higher yield and efficacy of beneficial antioxidant molecules. In this study, analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays were used to determine the potential antioxidant activity of Solarplast® and determine its antioxidant enzymatic capabilities. Solarplast® demonstrated superior antioxidant activity when compared to frozen spinach leaves in TOC, FRAP and TEAC antioxidant assays. Several antioxidant enzymes were also increased in Solarplast®, when compared to frozen spinach. As a functional readout, Solarplast® attenuated hydrogen peroxide-, ethanol- and acetaminophen-induced increases in oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both intestinal (HT-29) and liver (HepG2) cell lines. These findings suggest that Solarplast® may represent a non-GMO, plant-based food supplement to help reduce oxidative stress in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Khokhlova
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Leeuwendaal
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Christopher Phipps
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - John Deaton
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
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7
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Du X, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Formulation of a novel anti-lung cancer drug: Vanadium nanoparticles containing Salvia officinalis. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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8
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Phenolic compounds of “blue food” Porphyra haitanensis: Chemical fingerprints, antioxidant activities, and in vitro antiproliferative activities against HepG2 cells. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Gliozzi M, Macrì R, Coppoletta AR, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Cardamone A, Ruga S, Scarano F, Nucera S, Mollace R, Bava I, Caminiti R, Serra M, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. From Diabetes Care to Heart Failure Management: A Potential Therapeutic Approach Combining SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plant Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183737. [PMID: 36145112 PMCID: PMC9504067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex chronic disease, and among the affected patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD)is the most common cause of death. Consequently, the evidence for the cardiovascular benefit of glycaemic control may reduce long-term CVD rates. Over the years, multiple pharmacological approaches aimed at controlling blood glucose levels were unable to significantly reduce diabetes-related cardiovascular events. In this view, a therapeutic strategy combining SGLT2 inhibitors and plant extracts might represent a promising solution. Indeed, countering the main cardiometabolic risk factor using plant extracts could potentiate the cardioprotective action of SGLT2 inhibitors. This review highlights the main molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects that could contribute to the better management of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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Newly Synthesized Thymol Derivative and Its Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092622. [PMID: 35565973 PMCID: PMC9103784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymol affects various types of tumor cell lines, including colorectal cancer cells. However, the hydrophobic properties of thymol prevent its wider use. Therefore, new derivatives (acetic acid thymol ester, thymol β-D-glucoside) have been synthesized with respect to hydrophilic properties. The cytotoxic effect of the new derivatives on the colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT-116 was assessed via MTT assay. The genotoxic effect was determined by comet assay and micronucleus analysis. ROS production was evaluated using ROS-Glo™ H2O2 Assay. We confirmed that one of the thymol derivatives (acetic acid thymol ester) has the potential to have a cyto/genotoxic effect on colorectal cancer cells, even at much lower (IC50~0.08 μg/mL) concentrations than standard thymol (IC50~60 μg/mL) after 24 h of treatment. On the other side, the genotoxic effect of the second studied derivative-thymol β-D-glucoside was observed at a concentration of about 1000 μg/mL. The antiproliferative effect of studied derivatives of thymol on the colorectal cancer cell lines was found to be both dose- and time-dependent at 100 h. Moreover, thymol derivative-treated cells did not show any significantly increased rate of micronuclei formation. New derivatives of thymol significantly increased ROS production too. The results confirmed that the effect of the derivative on tumor cells depends on its chemical structure, but further detailed research is needed. However, thymol and its derivatives have great potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, which remains one of the most common cancers in the world.
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The Activity of Ten Natural Extracts Combined in a Unique Blend to Maintain Cholesterol Homeostasis-In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073805. [PMID: 35409162 PMCID: PMC8998641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and statins, the HMGCoA inhibitors, are the most prescribed drugs. Statins reduce the production of hepatic cholesterol, leading to greater expression of the LDL receptor and greater absorption of circulating LDL, reducing peripheral LDL levels. Unfortunately, statins are believed to induce myopathy and other severe diseases. To overcome this problem, safe nutraceuticals with the same activity as statins could hold great promise in the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In this study, the anti-cholesterol efficacy of a new nutraceutical, called Esterol10®, was evaluated. METHODS HepG2 cells were used to study the biological mechanisms exerted by Esterol10® analyzing different processes involved in cholesterol metabolism, also comparing data with Atorvastatin. RESULTS Our results indicate that Esterol10® leads to a reduction in total hepatocyte cholesterol and an improvement in the biosynthesis of free cholesterol and bile acids. Furthermore, the anti-cholesterol activity of Esterol10® was also confirmed by the modulation of the LDL receptor and by the accumulation of lipids, as well as by the main intracellular pathways involved in the metabolism of cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Esterol10® is safe and effective with anti-cholesterol activity, potentially providing an alternative therapy to those based on statins for hypercholesterolemia disease.
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12
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Silva AM, Félix LM, Teixeira I, Martins-Gomes C, Schäfer J, Souto EB, Santos DJ, Bunzel M, Nunes FM. Orange thyme: Phytochemical profiling, in vitro bioactivities of extracts and potential health benefits. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100171. [PMID: 34901827 PMCID: PMC8639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of orange thyme as food, condiments and infusions has health benefits. Phytochemical characterization of hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts was performed. Orange thyme extracts present neuroprotective, anti-aging and antioxidant activity. Orange thyme extracts present high anti-inflammatory activity with no cytotoxicity.
Orange thyme (Thymus fragrantissimus) is becoming widely used in food as a condiment and herbal tea, nevertheless its chemical composition and potential bioactivities are largely unknown. Thus the objective of this work is to obtain a detailed phytochemical profile of T. fragrantissimus by exhaustive ethanolic extraction and by aqueous decoction mimicking its consumption. Extracts showed high content in rosmarinic acid, luteolin-O-hexuronide and eriodictyol-O-hexuronide; these were the main phenolic compounds present in orange thyme accounting for 85% of the total phenolic compounds. Orange thyme extracts presented high scavenging activity against nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Both extracts presented significant inhibitory effect of tyrosinase activity and moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Both extracts showed a good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and a weak anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activity against Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines supporting its safe use. Orange thyme is a very good source of bioactive compounds with potential use in different food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Teixeira
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Chemistry Research Center -Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Dario J Santos
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Chemistry Research Center -Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal Vila Real, Portugal
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13
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Rashwan HM, Mohammed HE, El-Nekeety AA, Hamza ZK, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Bioactive phytochemicals from Salvia officinalis attenuate cadmium-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68498-68512. [PMID: 34275073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the bioactive phytochemicals in Salvia officinalis essential oil, to determine the polyphenols in the aqueous extract (SOE), and to evaluate their protective role against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of female rats were treated orally for 2 weeks including the control group, CdCl2-treated group, SOE-treated groups at low or high dose (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w), and CdCl2 plus SOE-treated groups at the two doses. The GC-MS analysis identified 39 compounds; the main compounds were 9-octadecenamide, eucalyptol, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. However, the HPLC analysis showed 12 polyphenolic compounds and the majority were coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, coffeic acid, catechin, vanillin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin. In the biological study, rats received CdCl2 displayed severe disturbances in liver and kidney indices alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (T. Bil), direct bilirubin (D. Bil), creatinine, uric acid, and urea, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and CEA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), gene expressions, DNA fragmentation, and histological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue. SOE showed a potent antioxidant and mitigated these alterations in serum and tissue. Moreover, the high dose succeeded to normalize most of the tested parameters and histological features. It could be concluded that S. officinalis is a promising source for bioactive compounds with therapeutic benefits against environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Rashwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hagar E Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Arish University, North Sinai, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab K Hamza
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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14
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Salvia Species as Nutraceuticals: Focus on Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salvia plants belong to the Lamiaceae family and are recognized as being strongly aromatic, being widely used for different purposes in culinary or traditional medicine. These plants are well recognized as being rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenic compounds, which exhibit health-beneficial activities, protecting against oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Because of these properties, phytochemicals from Salvia species have been investigated as health promoting agents, for application in distinct fields. However, the growing demand for natural products with possible uses and applications in industry requires scientific validation studies. This review consists of a compilation of relevant studies with an emphasis on the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties of phenolic-rich extracts from Salvia plants.
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15
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Antioxidant Capacities, Antimicrobial Activity, Phenolic Contents and α-Amylase Inhibitory of Salvia leriifolia Extracts from Sabzevar. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Han JR, Du YN, Song L, Song YK, Yan JN, Jiang XY, Wu HT, Zhu BW. Structural characteristics and improved in vitro hepatoprotective activities of Maillard reaction products of decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK and ribose. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4001-4016. [PMID: 34318481 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, a novel decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK with Maillard reactivity derived from scallop Chlamys farreri mantle was identified. The structural characteristics and in vitro hepatoprotective effects of IVTNWDDMEK conjugated with ribose were further investigated. The changes in decapeptide structures were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the modification sites induced by Maillard reaction of IVTNWDDMEK and ribose were monitored by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Maillard reaction products (MRPs) of IVTNWDDMEK-ribose demonstrate hepatoprotective benefits through the suppression of DNA damage and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in human HepG2 cells in addition to enhancing the antioxidant activities. Moreover, after treatment with decapeptide-ribose MRPs, the activities of cellular antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rx) were remarkably increased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased compared with H2 O2 - treated group, thereby enhancing the intracellular antioxidant defenses. These findings demonstrate the potential utilization of decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK-ribose MRPs as food antioxidants to suppress oxidative damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In recent years, several food-derived bioactive peptides and their derivatives are regarded as good dietary antioxidants for reducing oxidative stress and improving liver function. Here, a novel Maillard reactive decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK, identified from scallop mantle hydrolysates by peptidomics in the previous study was synthesized. Then, the correlation between intercellular antioxidant activities and chemical structure changes of IVTNWDDMEK-ribose Maillard reaction conjugates was further studied. The preferable hepatoprotective activities of decapeptide IVTNWDDMEK-ribose MRPs indicated that these MRPs could be potentially utilized as food antioxidants or additives in the production of nutritional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Run Han
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Nan Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Liang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Kun Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian, P.R. China
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17
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Honarmand M, Golmohammadi M, Hafezi-Bakhtiari J. Synthesis and characterization of SnO 2 NPs for photodegradation of eriochrome black-T using response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7123-7133. [PMID: 33025429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The domestic and industrial sewage contains an extensive range of various organic compounds. Due to the toxicity of these materials, their degradation is considered one of the great environmental challenges. To address this problem, SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a green route, and they were used as an efficient catalyst for the degradation of an organic dye. In the stage of synthesis of nanoparticles, Thymus vulgaris L. extract acted as an efficient capping agent and renewable reducing agent, and SnO2 NPs were synthesized without addition of any hazardous surfactants. The successful synthesis of SnO2 NPs was confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The photocatalytic performance of SnO2 NPs was examined for the degradation of eriochrome black-T (ECBT) as a toxic organic dye in aqueous medium under ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) model was carried out to study of the effects of three different operational parameters on degradation of ECBT. In this design, initial pH of solution (3-11), reaction time (0.5-4 h), and the catalyst loading (0.05-0.12 g) were selected as three factors, whereas the degradation efficiency was chosen as the response. The results of the experimental design indicated that initial pH and catalyst loading were highly significant factors, whereas the reaction time was less important than other factors. Also, recyclability of catalyst was investigated, and the obtained results showed that SnO2 NPs could be easily recovered and reused for at least 4 cycles without any significant decrease in their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moones Honarmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Morteza Golmohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran
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18
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Taghouti M, Martins-Gomes C, Félix LM, Schäfer J, Santos JA, Bunzel M, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Polyphenol composition and biological activity of Thymus citriodorus and Thymus vulgaris: Comparison with endemic Iberian Thymus species. Food Chem 2020; 331:127362. [PMID: 32590268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol compositions of Thymus × citriodorus and Thymus vulgaris extracts as obtained by exhaustive hydroethanolic (HE) extraction and aqueous decoction (AD) were compared. In addition, their compositions and bioactivities were compared to those of Thymus pulegioides and Thymus mastichina, grown under the same edaphoclimatic conditions, and Thymus carnosus. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant polyphenol followed by luteolin-hexuronide, salvianolic acids I and K. Cluster analysis suggests a similarity of the polyphenol composition of T. citriodorus and T. vulgaris. A significant antioxidant activity was observed and correlated with their polyphenol levels. The same being observed for the higher anti-proliferative activity/cytotoxicity of HE extracts on Caco-2 and HepG2 cells as compared to AD extracts. Significant association between the total phenolic compounds with the anti-proliferative activity, for both cell lines, was observed. These results support the importance of salvianolic acids levels in Thymus extracts and their in vitro anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Taghouti
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - João A Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fernando M Nunes
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, Chemistry Research Centre Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001 801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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19
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111157. [PMID: 33233648 PMCID: PMC7699719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characterized by an overproduction of several inflammatory mediators (e.g., reactive species and interleukins -IL) that play a central role in numerous diseases. The available therapies are often associated with serious side effects and, consequently, the need for safer drugs is of utmost importance. A plant traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions is Salvia officinalis. Therefore, conventional maceration and infusion of its leaves were performed to obtain hydroethanolic (HE-T) and aqueous extracts (AE-T), respectively. Their efficacy was compared to soxhlet extracts, namely aqueous (AE-S), hydroethanolic (HE-S), and ethanolic extracts (EE-S). Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated the presence of rosmarinic acid, carnosol, and/or carnosic acid in the different extracts. Generally, soxhlet provided extracts with higher antioxidant activities than traditional extraction. Moreover, under an inflammatory scenario, EE-S were the most effective, followed by HE-S, HE-T, AE-T, and AE-S, in the reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α production. Interestingly, the extracts presented higher or similar anti-inflammatory activity than diclofenac, salicylic acid, and celecoxib. In conclusion, the extraction method and the solvents of extraction influenced the antioxidant activity, but mainly the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. Therefore, this natural resource can enable the development of effective treatments for oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases.
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20
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Afonso AF, Pereira OR, Cardoso SM. Health-Promoting Effects of Thymus Phenolic-Rich Extracts: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antitumoral Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090814. [PMID: 32882987 PMCID: PMC7555682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus genus comprises numerous species that are particularly abundant in the West Mediterranean region. A growing body of evidence suggests that many of these species are a rich source of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acids and luteolin glycosides, able to render them potential applications in a range of industrial fields. This review collects the most relevant studies focused on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer of phenolic-rich extracts from Thymus plants, highlighting correlations made by the authors with respect to the main phenolic players in such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Afonso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Public Health Laboratory of Bragança, Local Health Unit, Rua Eng. Adelino Amaro da Costa, 5300-146 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Olívia R. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084
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21
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Kuang H, Jiao Y, Wang W, Wang F, Chen Q. Characterization and antioxidant activities of intracellular polysaccharides from Agaricus bitorquis (QuéL.) Sacc. Chaidam ZJU-CDMA-12. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1112-1125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Ma C, Ju H, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Lin S. Effect of self-assembling peptides on its antioxidant activity and the mechanism exploration. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Brezoiu AM, Prundeanu M, Berger D, Deaconu M, Matei C, Oprea O, Vasile E, Negreanu-Pîrjol T, Muntean D, Danciu C. Properties of Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus serpyllum L. Extracts Free and Embedded into Mesopores of Silica and Titania Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050820. [PMID: 32344938 PMCID: PMC7712395 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evidenced the nanoconfinement effect on polyphenolic extracts prepared from Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus serpyllum L. into the mesopores of silica and titania nanomaterials on their radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial potential. The ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained either by conventional or microwave-assisted extraction were characterized in terms of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and chlorophyll content, as well as radical scavenging activity by consecrated spectrometric determinations. The phytochemical fingerprint of extracts was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Salvia officinalis extracts exhibited better radical scavenging capacity and antimicrobial potential than Thymus serpyllum extracts. The mesoporous MCM-41 silica and titania nanomaterials, prepared by the sol-gel method, were characterized by small- and wide-angle powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the materials containing embedded extracts were analyzed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 sorption measurements, and thermal analysis. All extracts free and embedded in mesoporous matrix exhibited high radical scavenger properties and good bactericidal activity against several reference strains. It was proved that by embedding the polyphenolic extracts into mesopores of silica or titania nanoparticles, the phytochemicals stability was enhanced as the materials containing extract exhibited higher radical scavenger activity after 3-6 months storage than that of the free extracts. Additionally, the extract-loaded material showed mild improved antimicrobial activity in comparison with the corresponding free extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Mioara Prundeanu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Daniela Berger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Mihaela Deaconu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Cristian Matei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical-Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.P.); (D.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Department of Oxide Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ticuța Negreanu-Pîrjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Aleea Universitatii No. 1, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Delia Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Extracts from Thymus mastichina: A Thymus with a Distinct Salvianolic Acid Composition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010034. [PMID: 31906063 PMCID: PMC7022745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus mastichina, also called mastic thyme or Spanish marjoram, is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, where it is widely used in folk medicine especially for treating digestive and respiratory systems disorders, and as a condiment to season olives. This work describes for the first time the detailed phenolic composition of exhaustive hydroethanolic extracts and aqueous decoctions of Thymus mastichina. Unlike other species of the Thymus genera, Thymus mastichina extracts contain high amounts of salvianolic acid derivatives, with salvianolic acid A isomer being the main derivative. This isomer was identified in extracts from Thymus mastichina for the first time. Also, an undescribed salvianolic acid derivative in Thymus mastichina was identified and its structure was tentatively described. Extracts from Thymus mastichina showed significant scavenging activity of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide radicals. The anti-proliferative effect of both T. mastichina extracts were tested against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells; the hydroethanolic extract showed a high anti-proliferative activity against Caco-2 cells compared to HepG2 cells (at 24 h exposure, the concentration that inhibits 50% of proliferation, IC50, was 71.18 ± 1.05 µg/mL and 264.60 ± 11.78 µg/mL for Caco-2 and HepG2, respectively). Thus, these results make this species a promising candidate for further investigation of its anti-tumoral potential. Therefore, Thymus mastichina can be potentially used as a functional food (used as a decoction or herbal tea) or as a source of bioactive ingredients with antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties.
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The Effect of Ten Essential Oils on Several Cutaneous Drug-Resistant Microorganisms and Their Cyto/Genotoxic and Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244570. [PMID: 31847159 PMCID: PMC6943746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of ten essential oils (EOs)—oregano, thyme, clove, arborvitae, cassia, lemongrass, melaleuca, eucalyptus, lavender, and clary sage—against drug-resistant microorganisms previously isolated from patients with skin infections. The essential oil compositions were determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The assayed bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter koseri, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Two drug-resistant yeasts (Candidaalbicans and Candida parapsilosis) were also involved in our survey. Oregano, thyme, cassia, lemongrass and arborvitae showed very strong antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested strains. These results show that these essential oils may be effective in preventing the growth of the drug-resistant microorganisms responsible for wound infections. In this study, the genotoxic effects of tested essential oils on healthy human keratinocytes HaCaT were evaluated using the comet assay for the first time. These results revealed that none of the essential oils induced significant DNA damage in vitro after 24 h. Moreover, the treatment of HaCaT cells with essential oils increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) level. The obtained results indicate that EOs could be used as a potential source of safe and potent natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Afonso AF, Pereira OR, Fernandes Â, Calhelha RC, Silva AMS, Ferreira IC, Cardoso SM. Phytochemical Composition and Bioactive Effects of Salvia africana, Salvia officinalis 'Icterina' and Salvia mexicana Aqueous Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:E4327. [PMID: 31783509 PMCID: PMC6930492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, aqueous extracts of Salvia africana, Salvia officinalis 'Icterina' and Savia mexicana origin were screened for their phenolic composition and for antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. The three aqueous extracts contained distinct phenolic compounds, with S. africana presenting the highest total levels (231.6 ± 7.5 μg/mg). Rosmarinic acid was the dominant phenolic compound in all extracts, yet that of S. africana origin was characterized by the present of yunnaneic acid isomers, which overall accounted for about 40% of total phenolics. In turn, S. officinalis 'Icterina' extract presented glycosidic forms of apigenin, luteolin and scuttelarein, and the one obtained from S. mexicana contained several simple caffeic acid derivatives. S. africana aqueous extract exhibited high antioxidant potential in four methods, namely the DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging ability, iron-reducing power, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), for which EC50 values were equal or only 1.3-3.1 higher than those of the standard compounds. Moreover, this extract was able to lower the levels of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages (EC50 = 47.8 ± 2.1 μg/mL). In addition, the three sage aqueous extracts showed promising cytotoxic effect towards hepatocellular HepG2, cervical HeLa, and breast carcinoma cells MCF-7. Overall this study highlights the potential of three little-exploited Salvia species, with commercial value for applications in food or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Afonso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Bragança, Local Health Unit, Rua Eng. Adelino Amaro da Costa, 5300-146 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Olívia R. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.R.P.); (Â.F.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.R.P.); (Â.F.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Ricardo C. Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.R.P.); (Â.F.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (O.R.P.); (Â.F.); (R.C.C.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
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An Evaluation of the DNA-Protective Effects of Extracts from Menyanthes trifoliata L. Plants Derived from In Vitro Culture Associated with Redox Balance and Other Biological Activities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9165784. [PMID: 31737178 PMCID: PMC6816005 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9165784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Menyanthes trifoliata L. is a valuable medical plant found in Europe, North America, and Asia, which grows on peat bogs and swamps. It has long been used in folk medicine as a remedy for various ailments. This is the first report to demonstrate the protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous methanolic extracts derived from the aerial parts (MtAPV) and roots (MtRV) of in vitro grown plants on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It describes the influence of the tested extracts on the expression of antioxidant (HO-1, NQO1, NRF2, kEAP1, and GCLC) and inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in cells stimulated with H2O2 or LPS, respectively. In addition, M. trifoliata extracts were found to moderately affect the growth of certain bacterial and fungal pathogens, with the strongest antibacterial effect found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. M. trifoliata extracts demonstrated protective effects against mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage caused by ROS, decreasing the numbers of mtDNA lesions in the ND1 and ND2 genes and nDNA damage in the TP53 and HPRT1 genes and reducing cleavage in PARP1- and γ-H2A.X-positive cells. The root extract of in vitro M. trifoliata (MtRV) appears to have better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and protective properties than the extract from the aerial part (MtAPV). These differences in biological properties may result from the higher content of selected phenolic compounds and betulinic acid in the MtRV than in the MtAPV extract.
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El-Boshy ME, Refaat B, Qasem AH, Khan A, Ghaith M, Almasmoum H, Mahbub A, Almaimani RA. The remedial effect of Thymus vulgaris extract against lead toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, immunosuppression, and hematological disorders in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22736-22746. [PMID: 31172438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) has been used in foods for the flavor, aroma, and preservation and in folk medicines. The objective of the present work was to determine the antioxidant and protective effects of T. vulgaris extract against lead (Pb)-intoxicated rats. A thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups and treated for six weeks as follows: group I (GP-I), served as negative control; GP-II, -III, and -IV received either Pb acetate in drinking water (500 mg/L), T. vulgaris extract (500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage or Pb acetate with T. vulgaris extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected at the end of the study week 6 to measure the hepatic and renal biochemical markers, complete blood count alongside the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Additionally, liver and kidney tissue specimens were collected for histopathology as well as to measure the antioxidant-reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) alongside the lipid peroxidation marker, malonaldehyde (MDA). The results indicated that Pb toxicity increased the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, whereas IL-10 and IFN-γ were reduced. The results showed disturbed liver and renal functions; increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine, and urea; and decreased total protein, albumin, and calcium. The GSH, Gpx, and CAT levels were significantly decreased in the Pb-administrated group, while MDA was increased. However, regarding the hepatorenal markers, those animals treated with T. vulgaris alone did not induce any significant changes. Moreover, the combined treatment with T. vulgaris extract together with Pb showed significant improvement in Pb-induced toxicity in all the tested parameters compared to the negative control group. We investigated the potential protective effects of the medicinal plant T. vulgaris in vivo, since there are no publications that address the potential protective effect of this leaf extract against Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Our studies concluded that the T. vulgaris extract reduces Pb overload in hepatorenal tissues, and that this has a potential immunomodulatory role, antioxidant activity, and a protective effect against Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia.
- Clinical Pathology Department, Fac. Vet. Med, Mansoura University Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar Khan
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
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Thapa D, Richardson AJ, Zweifel B, Wallace RJ, Gratz SW. Genoprotective Effects of Essential Oil Compounds Against Oxidative and Methylated DNA Damage in Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1979-1985. [PMID: 31206673 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are widely used in foods as flavoring and preservative agents. Many of the biological activities of EO have been attributed to major essential oil compounds (EOC) but their direct interaction with colonic epithelial cells and their genotoxic and genoprotective effects are not well established. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of EOC including nerolidol, thymol, geraniol, methylisoeugenol, eugenol, linalool, and a commercial blend (Agolin) were determined. Furthermore, the genoprotective effects of EOC against oxidative and methylating damage were assessed using the comet assay in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The majority of EOC were cytotoxic to HT-29 cells at or above 250 ppm after 24 hr exposure. At noncytotoxic doses, none of the EOC was genotoxic in the comet assay. Genoprotection against oxidative DNA damage was observed for nerolidol (at 62.5 ppm), thymol (at 12.5 ppm), geraniol, and methylisoeugenol (both at 125 ppm), as well as linalool and Agolin (both at 250 ppm). Thymol was the most protective compound against oxidative DNA damage and geraniol (at 125 ppm) also protected cells against methylating DNA damage. This study highlights the potential of EOC such as thymol to protect the colonic epithelium against oxidative DNA damage and geraniol against methylating DNA damage. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings for safety and efficacy to exploit their potential pharmaceutical or nutraceutical uses for colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | | | - R John Wallace
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Silvia W Gratz
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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AlMotwaa SM, Alkhatib MH, Alkreathy HM. Incorporating ifosfamide into salvia oil-based nanoemulsion diminishes its nephrotoxicity in mice inoculated with tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 10:9-16. [PMID: 31988852 PMCID: PMC6977592 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2020.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
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Introduction: Nephrotoxicity is one of the major side effects of the chemotherapeutic drug, ifosfamide (IFO). In this study, IFO was solubilized in nanoemulsion (NE) containing salvia (SAL) essential oil to investigate its adverse side effects in mice.
Methods: One hundred female Swiss albino mice (n = 20/group) were split into five groups. Group I (Normal) received saline solution (0.9% (w/v) NaCl) while groups II-V were intraperitoneally (I.P.) injected with 2.5 × 106 Ehrlich ascetic carcinoma (EAC) cells/mouse. Group II (EAC) represented the untreated EAC-bearing mice. Group III (IFO) was treated with IFO at a dose of 60 mg/kg/d (I.P. 0.3 mL/mouse). Group IV (SAL) was treated with 0.3 mL blank NE-based SAL oil/mouse. Group V (SAL-IFO) was treated with IFO, loaded in 0.3 mL of blank SAL-NE, at a dose of 60 mg/kg/d (I.P. 0.3 mL/mouse). Groups III-V were treated for three consecutive days.
Results: There was a double increase in the survival percentage of the SAL-IFO group (60%) relative to the IFO group (30%). Renal damage with the presence of Fanconi syndrome was indicated in the IFO group through a significant elevation in the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine bicarbonate, and phosphate in addition to a reduced level of glucose compared to the normal group. On the other hand, the administration of SAL-IFO into the mice reversed this effect. Additionally, the oxidative stress in the kidney tissues of the SAL-IFO group was ameliorated when compared to the IFO group.
Conclusion: Incorporating IFO into SAL-NE has protected the kidneys from the damage induced by IFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M AlMotwaa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shagra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayson H Alkhatib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Exploring Common Culinary Herbs and Spices as Potential Anti-Quorum Sensing Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040739. [PMID: 30934945 PMCID: PMC6521156 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing controls bacterial pathogenesis and virulence; hence, interrupting this system renders pathogenic bacteria non-virulent, and presents a novel treatment for various bacterial infections. In the search for novel anti-quorum sensing (AQS) compounds, 14 common culinary herbs and spices were screened for potential antipathogenicity activity against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472. Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice), Apium graveolens (celery), Capsicum annuum (cayenne pepper) and Syzygium anisatum (aniseed) demonstrated good AQS potential, yielding opaque halo zones ranging from 12–19 mm diameter at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (0.350–4.00 mg/mL). For the same species, the percentage reduction in violacein production ranged from 56.4 to 97.3%. Zones with violacein inhibitory effects were evident in a celery extract analysed using high performance thin layer chromatography-bio-autography. The major active compound was isolated from celery using preparative-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as 3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide (sedanenolide). Potent opaque zones of inhibition observed on the HPTLC-bio-autography plate seeded with C. violaceum confirmed that sedanenolide was probably largely responsible for the AQS activity of celery. The bacteriocidal properties of many herbs and spices are reported. This study, however, was focussed on AQS activity, and may serve as initial scientific validation for the anti-infective properties ascribed to several culinary herbs and spices.
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Aprotosoaie AC, Miron A, Ciocârlan N, Brebu M, Roşu CM, Trifan A, Vochiţa G, Gherghel D, Luca SV, Niţă A, Costache I, Mihai CT. Essential oils of MoldavianThymusspecies: Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti‐Aspergillusand antigenotoxic activities. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Aprotosoaie
- Faculty of PharmacyGrigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi Universitatii Str. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
| | - Anca Miron
- Faculty of PharmacyGrigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi Universitatii Str. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
| | - Nina Ciocârlan
- Botanical GardenAcademy of Sciences of Moldova Padurii Str. 18 2002 Chisinau Republic of Moldova
| | - Mihai Brebu
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers LaboratoryPetru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A 70048 Iasi Romania
| | - Crăiţa Maria Roşu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences/Biological Research Institute Lascar Catargi Str. 47 700107 Iasi Romania
| | - Adriana Trifan
- Faculty of PharmacyGrigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi Universitatii Str. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
| | - Gabriela Vochiţa
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences/Biological Research Institute Lascar Catargi Str. 47 700107 Iasi Romania
| | - Daniela Gherghel
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences/Biological Research Institute Lascar Catargi Str. 47 700107 Iasi Romania
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Faculty of PharmacyGrigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi Universitatii Str. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
| | - Alexandru Niţă
- Faculty of BiologyAlexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi Carol I Avenue 22 700505 Iasi Romania
| | - Irina‐Iuliana Costache
- Faculty of MedicineGrigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Universitatii Str. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
| | - Cosmin Teodor Mihai
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences/Biological Research Institute Lascar Catargi Str. 47 700107 Iasi Romania
- CEMEXGrigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Universitatii Str. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
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Ma C, Sun N, Zhang S, Zheng J, Lin S. A new dual-peptide strategy for enhancing antioxidant activity and exploring the enhancement mechanism. Food Funct 2019; 10:7533-7543. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new generation antioxidant peptides with high free radical scavenging rates is highly desirable, but remains a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P.R. China
| | - Simin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P.R. China
| | - Jingru Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P.R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P.R. China
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Pereira OR, Catarino MD, Afonso AF, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Salvia elegans, Salvia greggii and Salvia officinalis Decoctions: Antioxidant Activities and Inhibition of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolic Enzymes. Molecules 2018; 23:E3169. [PMID: 30513773 PMCID: PMC6321363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia elegans Vahl., Salvia greggii A. Gray, and Salvia officinalis L. decoctions were investigated for their health-benefit properties, in particular with respect to antioxidant activity and inhibitory ability towards key enzymes with impact in diabetes and obesity (α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase). Additionally, the phenolic profiles of the three decoctions were determined and correlated with the beneficial properties. The S. elegans decoction was the most promising in regard to the antioxidant effects, namely in the scavenging capacity of the free radicals DPPH•, NO• and O₂•⁻, and the ability to reduce Fe3+, as well as the most effective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (EC50 = 36.0 ± 2.7 μg/mL vs. EC50 = 345.3 ± 6.4 μg/mL and 71.2 ± 5.0 μg/mL for S. greggii and S. officinalis, respectively). This superior activity of the S. elegans decoction over those of S. greggii and S. officinalis was, overall, highly correlated with its richness in caffeic acid and derivatives. In turn, the S. officinalis decoction exhibited good inhibitory capacity against xanthine oxidase activity, a fact that could be associated with its high content of flavones, in particular the glycosidic forms of apigenin, scutellarein and luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia R Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Marcelo D Catarino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Andrea F Afonso
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Public Health Laboratory of Bragança, Local Health Unit, Rua Eng. Adelino Amaro da Costa, 5300-146 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Fahmy MA, Diab KA, Abdel-Samie NS, Omara EA, Hassan ZM. Carbon tetrachloride induced hepato/renal toxicity in experimental mice: antioxidant potential of Egyptian Salvia officinalis L essential oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:27858-27876. [PMID: 30056541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present research designed to assess the protective role of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SO) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney damage in mice. This is evidenced by estimation of antiradical scavenging activity of SO using DPPH assay, biochemical markers, histological investigation of liver and kidney sections, and comet assay. Mice were given CCl4 (1.2 mL/kg for 24 h or 0.8 mL/kg for 2 weeks, 3 times/week) and with or without SO (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mL/kg, for 2 week, 5 times/week). The findings demonstrated that both acute and subacute treatment with CCl4 alone had adverse side effects on liver and kidney of mice. These effects were evidenced by a significant increase in serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, and G-GT), bilirubin, and renal function markers (blood urea, creatinine). Toxic effect of CCl4 was accompanied by a decline in the serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and prothrombin (%). CCl4 induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing serum lipid peroxidation (LPO) along with decreasing serum total glutathione S transferase (GST). A remarkable increase in hepatic DNA strand breakages and histopathological distortion in liver and kidney specimens were observed in CCl4-intoxicated groups. Ultrastructurally, hepatocytes exhibited irregular nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and distorted microorganelles. Essential oil form S. officinalis possessed antiradical scavenging (EC50 = 4602 μg/mL) lower than ascorbic acid (EC50 = 5.9 μg/mL). This oil was effectively exhibited hepato-nephroprotective activity especially at its higher concentrations in co-treated groups (SO plus CCl4). The activity of SO was associated with lowering the liver enzymes, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine, along with increasing total protein, albumin, globulin, and prothrombin. The increase in GST content and the decrease in LPO and DNA breakage levels, alongside repairing the histo-architectural distortions further confirmed the protective activity of SO. SO is a potential candidate for counteracting hepato/renal injury associating CCl4. This effect may occur via antioxidant defense mechanism which in part related to the complexity of its chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawthar A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Negm S Abdel-Samie
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hassan
- Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Jurica K, Brčić Karačonji I, Mikolić A, Milojković-Opsenica D, Benković V, Kopjar N. In vitro safety assessment of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) water leaf extract and arbutin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1261-1278. [PMID: 29696482 PMCID: PMC6081932 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) leaves have long been used in the traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region. One of their most bioactive constituents is the glycoside arbutin, whose presence makes A. unedo suitable as a potential substitute for bearberry [Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng] leaves, an herbal preparation widely used for treating urinary tract infections. The safety and biocompatibility of strawberry tree water leaf extract have not yet been documented well. This study estimated arbutin content in strawberry tree water leaf extract (STE) using high performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, we performed an in vitro safety assessment of the 24 h exposure to three presumably non-toxic concentrations of standardized STE and arbutin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the apoptosis/necrosis assay, the alkaline comet assay, and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. The STE was also tested for total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation. At a concentration corresponding to the maximum allowable daily intake of arbutin, the tested extract was not cytotoxic, had a negligible potential for causing primary DNA damage and even hindered micronuclei formation in lymphocytes. It also showed a valuable antioxidant capacity, and did not exert marked lipid peroxidation. These promising results represent a solid frame for further development of STE-based herbal preparations. Although arbutin generally had a low DNA damaging potential, the slowing down of lymphocyte proliferation observed after 24 h of exposure points to a cytostatic effect, which merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jurica
- Ministry of the Interior, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Brčić Karačonji
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Mikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - V Benković
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of decoctions and hydroethanolic extracts of Thymus carnosus Boiss. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Ćebović T, Arsenijević J, Drobac M, Živković J, Šoštarić I, Maksimović Z. Potential use of deodorised water extracts: polyphenol-rich extract of Thymus pannonicus All. as a chemopreventive agent. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:560-567. [PMID: 29391620 PMCID: PMC5785381 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Deodorised water extracts of aromatic plants are obtained as by-products of essential oil isolation and usually discarded as waste. However, phytochemical composition of these extracts encourages their further utilization as food additives or functional food ingredients. In this study we investigated phytochemical composition, antioxidant and in vivo antiproliferative activity of deodorised water extract of Thymus pannonicus All. (DWE). HPLC analysis revealed rosmarinic acid (RA) (71.11 ± 1.54 mg/g) as the most abundant constituent of the extract, followed by salvianolic acid H (14.83 ± 0.79 mg/g, calculated as RA). DWE exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity in vitro, in FRAP and DPPH tests (FRAP value: 7.41 mmol Fe/g and SC50: 3.80 μg/g, respectively). Using the model of Ehrlich carcinoma cells in mice that were treated with DWE prior, at the time, and after tumour cells implantation, the tumour growth suppression and redox status of malignant cells (i.e., activities of antioxidant enzymes, level of glutathione and intensity of lipid peroxidation) were followed. DWE applied as pretreatment caused disturbance of antioxidant equilibrium as well as apoptosis/necrosis of up to 90% EAC cells. Results obtained in the present study revealed chemopreventive potential and possibility of T. pannonicus DWE usage. High content of RA and other phenolic compounds explains, at least in part, the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ćebović
- Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000 Serbia
| | - Jelena Arsenijević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221 Serbia
| | - Milica Drobac
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221 Serbia
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Ivan Šoštarić
- Department of Crop Science, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, Belgrade 11080 Serbia
| | - Zoran Maksimović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11221 Serbia
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Liu Z, Li G, Long C, Xu J, Cen J, Yang X. The antioxidant activity and genotoxicity of isogarcinol. Food Chem 2018; 253:5-12. [PMID: 29502843 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and genotoxicity of isogarcinol were assessed by several in vitro tests. Its IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS were 36.3 ± 3.35 µM and 16.6 ± 3.98 µM, respectively, which were all lower than those of VC and BHT. Isogarcinol had no cyctotoxic or promotional activities at 1-10 µM in the CCK-8 assay, and negligible genotoxic effects at 50-500 µM on HepG2 cells by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Pre-incubation of the cells with 0.5-1.5 µM isogarcinol, before exposure to H2O2, significantly increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Isogarcinol also reduced intercellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, lactate dehydrogenase release and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels. Western-blot analysis revealed that it up-regulated pro-caspase-3 and reduced cleaved caspase-3 during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. All the above results indicate that isogarcinol promises to be useful as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Long
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Juren Cen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
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Arshad N, Mehreen A, Liaqat I, Arshad M, Afrasiab H. In vivo screening and evaluation of four herbs against MRSA infections. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:498. [PMID: 29169369 PMCID: PMC5701375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported high in vitro antibacterial efficacy of Althaea officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, Cordia latifolia and Thymus vulgaris out of a total 21 plants against wide range of bacteria including MRSA. This study was therefore, designed to confirm efficacy of these four herbs against MRSA in an animal model. METHODS A pilot study was conducted to establish the dose of S. aureus (KY698020) required to induce clinical infection. Afterword, in main trial, efficacy of aforementioned plant extracts on the course of sore throat was checked by evaluating general health, gross lesion score, bacterial load and hematology in mice. RESULTS Pilot study revealed that 40 μl dose of 107 CFU/ml could induce infection which persist upto 08 days post infection. Mice treated with T. vulgaris and Z. jujuba showed reduction in gross lesion score of both heart and lungs. Treatment with only some plants could significantly decrease bacterial load of throat (T. vulgaris) heart, blood and joint (C. latifolia, and T. vulagris). Hematological indicators confirmed in vivo control of MRSA infection in all treatment groups except A. officinalis. CONCLUSION This is first report confirming in vivo anti-MRSA potential of C. latifolia and T. vulgaris and highlight the need to explore bioactive constituents of these plants. Moreover, previously reported in vitro antibacterial efficiency of A. officinalis could not be validated in current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Arifa Mehreen
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Humera Afrasiab
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Schött G, Liesegang S, Gaunitz F, Gleß A, Basche S, Hannig C, Speer K. The chemical composition of the pharmacologically active Thymus species, its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and the antiadherent effects of T. vulgaris on the bacterial colonization of the in situ pellicle. Fitoterapia 2017; 121:118-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Puškárová A, Bučková M, Kraková L, Pangallo D, Kozics K. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of six essential oils and their cyto/genotoxicity to human HEL 12469 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8211. [PMID: 28811611 PMCID: PMC5557807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Six essential oils (from oregano, thyme, clove, lavender, clary sage, and arborvitae) exhibited different antibacterial and antifungal properties. Antimicrobial activity was shown against pathogenic (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis) and environmental bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Arthrobacter protophormiae, Pseudomonas fragi) and fungi (Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus fumigatus). Oregano, thyme, clove and arborvitae showed very strong antibacterial activity against all tested strains at both full strength and reduced concentrations. These essential oils showed different fungistatic and fungicidal activities when tested by direct application and in the vapor phase. The genotoxic effects of these oils on HEL 12469 human embryo lung cells were evaluated using an alkaline comet assay for the first time, revealing that none of the oils induced significant DNA damage in vitro after 24 h. This study provides novel approaches for assessing the antimicrobial potential of essential oils in both direct contact and the vapor phase and also demonstrates the valuable properties of the phenol-free arborvitae oil. These results suggest that all the tested essential oils might be used as broad-spectrum anti-microbial agents for decontaminating an indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Puškárová
- 0000 0001 2180 9405grid.419303.cInstitute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Bučková
- 0000 0001 2180 9405grid.419303.cInstitute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kraková
- 0000 0001 2180 9405grid.419303.cInstitute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- 0000 0001 2180 9405grid.419303.cInstitute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kozics
- 0000 0001 2180 9405grid.419303.cCancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Rozgaj R, Kopjar N, Mladinić M, Žunec S, Vrdoljak AL, Pavičić I, Čermak AMM, Pizent A, Lovaković BT, Želježić D. Effects of low doses of glyphosate on DNA damage, cell proliferation and oxidative stress in the HepG2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19267-19281. [PMID: 28667585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the toxic effects of glyphosate in vitro on HepG2 cells exposed for 4 and 24 h to low glyphosate concentrations likely to be encountered in occupational and residential exposures [the acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 μg/mL), residential exposure level (REL; 2.91 μg/mL) and occupational exposure level (OEL; 3.5 μg/mL)]. The assessments were performed using biomarkers of oxidative stress, CCK-8 colorimetric assay for cell proliferation, alkaline comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. The results obtained indicated effects on cell proliferation, both at 4 and 24 h. The levels of primary DNA damage after 4-h exposure were lower in treated vs. control samples, but were not significantly changed after 24 h. Using the CBMN assay, we found a significantly higher number of MN and nuclear buds at ADI and REL after 4 h and a lower number of MN after 24 h. The obtained results revealed significant oxidative damage. Four-hour exposure resulted in significant decrease at ADI [lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] and OEL [lipid peroxidation and level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC)], and 24-h exposure in significant decrease at OEL (TAC and GSH-Px). No significant effects were observed for the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) for both treatment, and for 24 h for lipid peroxidation. Taken together, the elevated levels of cytogenetic damage found by the CBMN assay and the mechanisms of primary DNA damage should be further clarified, considering that the comet assay results indicate possible cross-linking or DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Mladinić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- Xellia Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lucić Vrdoljak
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Flampouri E, Sotiropoulou ΝSD, Mavrikou S, Mouzaki-Paxinou AC, Tarantilis PA, Kintzios S. Conductive polymer-based bioelectrochemical assembly for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation: Renoprotective assessment of Salvia officinalis against carbon tetrachloride induced nephrotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2304-2314. [PMID: 28668297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise of organic electronics represents one of the most prominent technological developments of the last two decades, with its interface with biological systems highlighting new directions of research. The "soft" nature of conducting polymers renders them unique platforms for cell-based microdevices, allowing their implementation in drug discovery, pharmaceutical effect analysis, environmental pollutant testing etc. METHODS Cellular adhesion, proliferation and viability experiments were carried out to verify the biocompatibility of a PEDOT conductive polymer surface. Cyclic voltammetry was employed for estimating the electrocatalytic activity of the renal cell/electrode interface. The nephrotoxicity agent CCl4 and the medicinal plant Salvia officinalis were used on the proposed assembly. Renal cell viability was also assayed through the MTT assay. RESULTS Renal cells were able to adhere and proliferate on the conducting polymer surface. Electrochemical responses of the polymer exhibited good correlation with cell number and CCl4 concentration. Amelioration of the CCl4-induced renotoxicity by co-incubation with Salvia officinalis extract was demonstrated by both the MTT assay and the electrode's capacitance. CONCLUSIONS A conducting polymer-based bioelectrochemical assembly was established for in vitro mammalian cytotoxicity/cytoprotection assessment, employing renal cell monolayers as the primary transducers for signal generation and biological sensing. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The knowledge on PEDOT mammalian cell biocompatibility and possible applications was expanded. The proposed interdisciplinary approach connects soft electronics with biology and could provide a useful tool for preliminary crude drug screening and bioactivity studies of natural products or plant extracts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Flampouri
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Νefeli-Sofia D Sotiropoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos Street, 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Sofia Mavrikou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Akrivi-Chara Mouzaki-Paxinou
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science, Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, Engineering and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos Street, 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Liang R, Zhang Z, Lin S. Effects of pulsed electric field on intracellular antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme regulating capacities of pine nut (Pinus koraiensis) peptide QDHCH in HepG2 cells. Food Chem 2017; 237:793-802. [PMID: 28764069 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effects of pulse electric field (PEF) on antioxidant activity of pine nut (Pinus koraiensis) peptide were discussed using H2O2-induced HepG2 cells and changes of peptide structures were measured by MIR, NMR and CD spectra. Using HPLC-MS/MS, a novel peptide was identified as QDHCH. After PEF treatment the DPPH and ABTS radical inhibition, and CAA values of QDHCH were increased to 85.13%±0.17%, 95.45%±0.12%, and 4670.10μmol of quercetin equivalents/100g. The PEF-treated QDHCH has better protective oxidative stress inhibitory of 74.22±3.70%, and the T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH-Rx activities in cells were significantly increased by 91.92, 7.98, 18.5 and 18.79U/mg prot, while the MDA content was decreased to 8.45±0.71U/mg prot compared with H2O2 damaged group. In addition, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of QDHCH was increased by 10.53%; the basic structure was not changed by PEF, while the influenced secondary structures may induce the antioxidant activity improvement in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Zuoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Songyi Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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47
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Jovanović AA, Đorđević VB, Zdunić GM, Pljevljakušić DS, Šavikin KP, Gođevac DM, Bugarski BM. Optimization of the extraction process of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum L. herb using maceration, heat- and ultrasound-assisted techniques. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ghorbani A, Esmaeilizadeh M. Pharmacological properties of Salvia officinalis and its components. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:433-440. [PMID: 29034191 PMCID: PMC5634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, S. officinalis has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Esmaeilizadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
- Corresponding author. Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran. Fax: +98 5837238757.Esfarayen Faculty of Medical SciencesEsfarayenIran
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Giffen JE, Lesiak AD, Dane AJ, Cody RB, Musah RA. Rapid Species-level Identification of Salvias by Chemometric Processing of Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry-derived Chemical Profiles. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:16-26. [PMID: 27976467 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Salvia genus contains numerous economically important plants that have horticultural, culinary and nutraceutical uses. They are often similar in appearance, making species determination difficult. Species identification of dried Salvia products is also challenging since distinguishing plant morphological features are no longer present. OBJECTIVE The development of a simple high-throughput method of analysis of fresh and dried Salvia leaves that would permit rapid species-level identification and detection of diagnostic biomarkers. METHODOLOGY Plant leaves were analysed in their native form by DART-MS without the need for any sample preparation steps. This furnished chemical fingerprints characteristic of each species. In the same experiment, in-source collision-induced dissociation was used to identify biomarkers. Biomarker presence was also independently confirmed by GC-MS. Chemometric processing of DART-MS profiles was performed by kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) to classify the fingerprints according to species. RESULTS The approach was successful despite the occurrence of diurnal cycle and plant-age related chemical profile variations within species. In a single rapid experiment, the presence of essential oil biomarkers such as 3-carene, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-thujone, β-caryophyllene, camphor and borneol could be confirmed. The method was applied to rapid identification and differentiation of Salvia apiana, S. dominica, S. elegans, S. officinalis, S. farinacea and S. patens. CONCLUSION Species-level identification of Salvia plant material could be accomplished by chemometric processing of DART-HRMS-derived chemical profiles of both fresh and dried Salvia material. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine E Giffen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Ashton D Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - A John Dane
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA, 01960, USA
| | - Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA, 01960, USA
| | - Rabi A Musah
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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Želježić D, Mladinić M, Žunec S, Lucić Vrdoljak A, Kašuba V, Tariba B, Živković T, Marjanović AM, Pavičić I, Milić M, Rozgaj R, Kopjar N. Cytotoxic, genotoxic and biochemical markers of insecticide toxicity evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and an HepG2 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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