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Farazi M, Houghton MJ, Nicolotti L, Murray M, Cardoso BR, Williamson G. Inhibition of human starch digesting enzymes and intestinal glucose transport by walnut polyphenols. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114572. [PMID: 38876610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
One approach to controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) is to lower postprandialglucose spikesby slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates and the absorption of glucose in the small intestine. The consumption of walnuts is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as T2D, suggested to be partly due to the high content of (poly)phenols. This study evaluated, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of a (poly)phenol-rich walnut extract on human carbohydrate digesting enzymes (salivary and pancreatic α-amylases, brush border sucrase-isomaltase) and on glucose transport across fully differentiated human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 monolayers. The walnut extract was rich in multiple (poly)phenols (70 % w/w) as analysed by Folin-Ciocalteau and by LCMS. It exhibited potent inhibition of both human salivary (IC50: 32.2 ± 2.5 µg walnut (poly)phenols (WP)/mL) and pancreatic (IC50: 56.7 ± 1.7 µg WP/mL) α-amylases, with weaker effects on human sucrase (IC50: 990 ± 20 µg WP/mL), maltase (IC50: 1300 ± 80 µg WP/mL), and isomaltase (IC25: 830 ± 60 µg WP/mL) activities. Selected individual walnut (poly)phenols inhibited human salivary α-amylase in the order: 1,3,4,6-tetragalloylglucose > ellagic acid pentoside > 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, with no inhibition by ellagic acid, gallic acid and 4-O-methylgallic acid. The (poly)phenol-rich walnut extract also attenuated (up to 59 %) the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-glucose across differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers. This is the first report on the effect of (poly)phenol-rich extracts from any commonly-consumed nut kernel on any human starch-digesting enzyme, and suggests a mechanism through which walnut consumption may lower postprandial glucose spikes and contribute to their proposed health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Farazi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Luca Nicolotti
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Margaret Murray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Barbara R Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia.
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López-Téllez JM, Cañizares-Macías MDP, Mir A, Saurina J, Núñez O. Characterization of the Polyphenolic Profile in Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum P. Mill) Peel and Seeds by LC-HRMS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15680-15692. [PMID: 38973576 PMCID: PMC11261606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Peel and seeds are the main byproducts from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum P. Mill) processing with high concentrations of polyphenols that have been underexploited. Herein, polyphenolic profiles in tomato peel and seeds were elucidated by untargeted liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with an LTQ Orbitrap analyzer. Samples from two Spanish regions─"Murcia" and "Almería"─were analyzed to obtain complementary results. 57 compounds were found, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, of which eight were identified for the first time in tomato. Polyphenols were more abundant in byproducts from "Murcia" samples than in those from"Almería" samples, where the abundance of compounds like coutaric, caffeic, neochlorogenic, dicaffeoylquinic and ferulic acids, vanillic acid hexoside, catechin, naringenin, prunin, apigenin-O-hexoside, rutin, and rutin-O-pentoside was even much higher in byproducts than that in whole fruits. These results reveal the wide range of polyphenols found in tomato byproducts, with potential applications in pharmaceutical research, food preservation, and cosmetic development, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Mauricio López-Téllez
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona E08028, Spain
| | | | - Aina Mir
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona E08028, Spain
- Research
Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa
Coloma de Gramenet E08921, Spain
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona E08028, Spain
- Research
Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa
Coloma de Gramenet E08921, Spain
| | - Oscar Núñez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona E08028, Spain
- Research
Institute in Food Nutrition and Food Safety, Universitat de Barcelona, Santa
Coloma de Gramenet E08921, Spain
- Serra
Húnter Fellow Programme, Barcelona E08003, Spain
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Maestri D. Groundnut and tree nuts: a comprehensive review on their lipid components, phytochemicals, and nutraceutical properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7426-7450. [PMID: 39093582 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of nut consumption have been extensively demonstrated in observational studies and intervention trials. Besides the high nutritional value, countless evidences show that incorporating nuts into the diet may contribute to health promotion and prevention of certain diseases. Such benefits have been mostly and certainly attributed not only to their richness in healthy lipids (plentiful in unsaturated fatty acids), but also to the presence of a vast array of phytochemicals, such as polar lipids, squalene, phytosterols, tocochromanols, and polyphenolic compounds. Thus, many nut chemical compounds apply well to the designation "nutraceuticals," a broad umbrella term used to describe any food component that, in addition to the basic nutritional value, can contribute extra health benefits. This contribution analyses the general chemical profile of groundnut and common tree nuts (almond, walnut, cashew, hazelnut, pistachio, macadamia, pecan), focusing on lipid components and phytochemicals, with a view on their bioactive properties. Relevant scientific literature linking consumption of nuts, and/or some of their components, with ameliorative and/or preventive effects on selected diseases - such as cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies - was also reviewed. In addition, the bioactive properties were analyzed in the light of known mechanistic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV - CONICET). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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Molnar M, Jakovljević Kovač M, Pavić V. A Comprehensive Analysis of Diversity, Structure, Biosynthesis and Extraction of Biologically Active Tannins from Various Plant-Based Materials Using Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:2615. [PMID: 38893491 PMCID: PMC11173854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the emerging subject of extracting tannins from various plant sources using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Tannins are widely used in the food and feed industries as they have outstanding antioxidant qualities and greatly enhance the flavor and nutritional content of a wide range of food products. Organic solvents are frequently used in traditional extraction techniques, which raises questions about their safety for human health and the environment. DESs present a prospective substitute because of their low toxicity, adaptability, and environmental friendliness. The fundamental ideas supporting the application of DESs in the extraction of tannins from a range of plant-based materials frequently used in daily life are all well covered in this paper. Furthermore, this paper covers the impact of extraction parameters on the yield of extracted tannins, as well as possible obstacles and directions for future research in this emerging subject. This includes challenges such as high viscosity, intricated recovery of compounds, thermal degradation, and the occurrence of esterification. An extensive summary of the diversity, structure, biosynthesis, distribution, and roles of tannins in plants is given in this paper. Additionally, this paper thoroughly examines various bioactivities of tannins and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Martina Jakovljević Kovač
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.M.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Valentina Pavić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Senavirathna T, Shafaei A, Lareu R, Balmer L. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Ellagic Acid for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38671932 PMCID: PMC11047720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is in epidemic proportions in many parts of the world, contributing to increasing rates of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents a range of conditions from the initial stage of fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to severe fibrosis, through to hepatocellular carcinoma. There currently exists no treatment for the long-term management of NAFLD/NASH, however, dietary interventions have been investigated for the treatment of NASH, including several polyphenolic compounds. Ellagic acid is one such polyphenolic compound. Nutraceutical food abundant in ellagic acid undergoes initial hydrolysis to free ellagic acid within the stomach and small intestine. The proposed mechanism of action of ellagic acid extends beyond its initial therapeutic potential, as it is further broken down by the gut microbiome into urolithin. Both ellagic acid and urolithin have been found to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are associated with NAFLD/NASH. While progress has been made in understanding the pharmacological and biological activity of ellagic acid and its involvement in NAFLD/NASH, it has yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarise the currently available literature elucidating the therapeutic potential of ellagic acid and its microbial-derived metabolite urolithin in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharani Senavirathna
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
| | - Ricky Lareu
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;
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Ferrara E, Cice D, Piccolella S, Esposito A, Petriccione M, Pacifico S. 'Sorrento' and 'Tulare' Walnut Cultivars: Morphological Traits and Phytochemical Enhancement of Their Shell Waste. Molecules 2024; 29:805. [PMID: 38398557 PMCID: PMC10893203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Walnut processing generates considerable quantities of by-products that could be reprocessed into value-added products that have food and non-food applications. In this context, the aim of this study is to characterize the 'Sorrento' and 'Tulare' walnut cultivars using the UPOV guidelines and analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of their shells. Insight into the chemical composition of the different granulometric fractions of walnut shell, obtained by sieving, was obtained following ultrasound-assisted extraction by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and antiradical capacity, obtained by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the Fe(III) reducing power of the extracts were also evaluated. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis indicated the presence of thirty-two compounds ascribable to four major classes of specialized metabolites. Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of gallic acid, ellagic acid derivatives, as well as glansreginin A, increased with the decrease in shell matrix particle size in contrast to chlorogenic acids and flavonoid glycosides. This is the first study to highlight new knowledge on the chemical composition of walnut shells. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of recovering valuable bioactive components from agro-waste that may be further valorized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Danilo Cice
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Assunta Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (E.F.); (S.P.); (A.E.); (S.P.)
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Sandu-Bălan (Tăbăcariu) A, Ifrim IL, Patriciu OI, Ștefănescu IA, Fînaru AL. Walnut By-Products and Elderberry Extracts-Sustainable Alternatives for Human and Plant Health. Molecules 2024; 29:498. [PMID: 38276576 PMCID: PMC10819889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A current alternative for sustainable development through green chemistry is the replacement of synthetic compounds with natural ones through the superior capitalization of natural resources, with numerous applications in different fields. The benefits of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) have been known since ancient times, due to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, alkaloids, nitrogen-containing compounds, tannins, steroids, anthocyanins, etc. These active compounds have multiple biological activities for human health, including benefits that are antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, etc. Like other medicinal plants, the walnut and the elderberry possess important phytosanitary properties (antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal) and their extracts can also be used as environmentally safe biopesticides, with the result that they constitute a viable and cheap alternative to environmentally harmful synthetic products. During recent years, walnut by-products and elderberries have attracted the attention of researchers, and investigations have focused on the species' valuable constituents and active properties. Comparing the information from the literature regarding the phytochemical profile and biological activities, it is highlighted that, apart from the predominant specific compounds, the walnut and the elderberry have common bioactive compounds, which come from six classes (phenols and derivatives, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phytosteroids), and act on the same microorganisms. From this perspective, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the bioactive compounds present in the different constitutive parts of walnut by-products and elderberries, which present a specific or common activity related to human health and the protection of agricultural crops in the context of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Sandu-Bălan (Tăbăcariu)
- Doctoral School in Environmental Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania;
| | - Irina-Loredana Ifrim
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Oana-Irina Patriciu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Ioana-Adriana Ștefănescu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Adriana-Luminița Fînaru
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
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Alufer L, Tsaban G, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Meir AY, Zelicha H, Ceglarek U, Isermann B, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Stampfer MJ, Shai I. Long-term green-Mediterranean diet may favor fasting morning cortisol stress hormone; the DIRECT-PLUS clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243910. [PMID: 38034010 PMCID: PMC10682947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fasting morning cortisol (FMC) stress hormone levels, are suggested to reflect increased cardiometabolic risk. Acute response to weight loss diet could elevate FMC. Richer Polyphenols and lower carbohydrates diets could favor FMC levels. We aimed to explore the effect of long-term high polyphenol Mediterranean diet (green-MED) on FMC and its relation to metabolic health. Methods We randomized 294 participants into one of three dietary interventions for 18-months: healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), Mediterranean (MED) diet, and Green-MED diet. Both MED diets were similarly hypocaloric and lower in carbohydrates and included walnuts (28 g/day). The high-polyphenols/low-meat Green-MED group further included green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia-globosa Mankai plant 1-cup green shakeFMC was obtained between 07:00-07:30AM at baseline, six, and eighteen-months. Results Participants (age=51.1years, 88% men) had a mean BMI of 31.3kg/m2, FMC=304.07nmol\L, and glycated-hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c)=5.5%; 11% had type 2 diabetes and 38% were prediabetes. Baseline FMC was higher among men (308.6 ± 90.05nmol\L) than women (269.6± 83.9nmol\L;p=0.02). Higher baseline FMC was directly associated with age, dysglycemia, MRI-assessed visceral adiposity, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hsCRP), testosterone, Progesterone and TSH levels (p ≤ 0.05 for all). The 18-month retention was 89%. After 6 months, there were no significant changes in FMC among all intervention groups. However, after 18-months, both MED groups significantly reduced FMC (MED=-1.6%[-21.45 nmol/L]; Green-MED=-1.8%[-26.67 nmol/L]; p<0.05 vs. baseline), as opposed to HDG dieters (+4%[-12 nmol/L], p=0.28 vs. baseline), whereas Green-MED diet FMC change was significant as compared to HDG diet group (p=0.048 multivariable models). Overall, 18-month decrease in FMC levels was associated with favorable changes in FPG, HbA1c, hsCRP, TSH, testosterone and MRI-assessed hepatosteatosis, and with unfavorable changes of HDLc (p<0.05 for all, weight loss adjusted, multivariable models). Conclusion Long-term adherence to MED diets, and mainly green-MED/high polyphenols diet, may lower FMC, stress hormone, levels,. Lifestyle-induced FMC decrease may have potential benefits related to cardiometabolic health, irrespective of weight loss. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liav Alufer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Yaskolka Meir A, Keller M, Hoffmann A, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Kaplan A, Zelicha H, Hagemann T, Ceglarek U, Isermann B, Shelef I, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Li J, Haange SB, Engelmann B, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Kovacs P, Liang L, Shai I. The effect of polyphenols on DNA methylation-assessed biological age attenuation: the DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:364. [PMID: 37743489 PMCID: PMC10519069 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic age is an estimator of biological age based on DNA methylation; its discrepancy from chronologic age warrants further investigation. We recently reported that greater polyphenol intake benefitted ectopic fats, brain function, and gut microbiota profile, corresponding with elevated urine polyphenols. The effect of polyphenol-rich dietary interventions on biological aging is yet to be determined. METHODS We calculated different biological aging epigenetic clocks of different generations (Horvath2013, Hannum2013, Li2018, Horvath skin and blood2018, PhenoAge2018, PCGrimAge2022), their corresponding age and intrinsic age accelerations, and DunedinPACE, all based on DNA methylation (Illumina EPIC array; pre-specified secondary outcome) for 256 participants with abdominal obesity or dyslipidemia, before and after the 18-month DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial. Three interventions were assigned: healthy dietary guidelines, a Mediterranean (MED) diet, and a polyphenol-rich, low-red/processed meat Green-MED diet. Both MED groups consumed 28 g walnuts/day (+ 440 mg/day polyphenols). The Green-MED group consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and Mankai (Wolffia globosa strain) 500-ml green shake (+ 800 mg/day polyphenols). Adherence to the Green-MED diet was assessed by questionnaire and urine polyphenols metabolomics (high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight). RESULTS Baseline chronological age (51.3 ± 10.6 years) was significantly correlated with all methylation age (mAge) clocks with correlations ranging from 0.83 to 0.95; p < 2.2e - 16 for all. While all interventions did not differ in terms of changes between mAge clocks, greater Green-Med diet adherence was associated with a lower 18-month relative change (i.e., greater mAge attenuation) in Li and Hannum mAge (beta = - 0.41, p = 0.004 and beta = - 0.38, p = 0.03, respectively; multivariate models). Greater Li mAge attenuation (multivariate models adjusted for age, sex, baseline mAge, and weight loss) was mostly affected by higher intake of Mankai (beta = - 1.8; p = 0.061) and green tea (beta = - 1.57; p = 0.0016) and corresponded with elevated urine polyphenols: hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and urolithin C (p < 0.05 for all) and urolithin A (p = 0.08), highly common in green plants. Overall, participants undergoing either MED-style diet had ~ 8.9 months favorable difference between the observed and expected Li mAge at the end of the intervention (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that MED and green-MED diets with increased polyphenols intake, such as green tea and Mankai, are inversely associated with biological aging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial to indicate a potential link between polyphenol intake, urine polyphenols, and biological aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Keller
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ehud Rinott
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, 84101, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Tobias Hagemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Soroka University Medical Center, 84101, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sven-Bastian Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beatrice Engelmann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Iris Shai
- The Health & Nutrition Innovative International Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 8410501, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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10
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Medic A, Kunc P, Zamljen T, Hudina M, Veberic R, Solar A. Identification and Quantification of the Major Phenolic Constituents in Castanea sativa and Commercial Interspecific Hybrids ( C. sativa x C. crenata) Chestnuts Using HPLC-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13086. [PMID: 37685892 PMCID: PMC10488303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of studies on chestnut metabolites, this study was conducted to identify and quantify the major phenolic constituents in chestnuts. Data were compared with the three most commonly grown interspecific hybrids of C. sativa and C. crenata ('Bouche de Betizac', 'Marsol', and 'Maraval') and three "native" accessions of C. sativa. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify these compounds. Four dicarboxylic acid derivatives, five hydroxybenzoic acids, nine hydroxycinnamic acids, and three flavanols were identified and quantified, most of them for the first time. Hydroxybenzoic acids were the major phenolic compounds in all chestnut cultivars/accessions, followed by flavanols, dicarboxylic acid derivatives, and hydroxycinnamic acids. Of all the compounds studied, the (epi)catechin dimer was the most abundant in chestnut. The assumption that cultivars from commercial hybrids have a better and different metabolic profile than "native" accessions was refuted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljaz Medic
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.K.); (M.H.)
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11
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Ventura G, Mesto D, Blasi D, Cataldi TRI, Calvano CD. The Effect of Milling on the Ethanolic Extract Composition of Dried Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) Shells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13059. [PMID: 37685864 PMCID: PMC10487924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the ethanolic extract of dried walnut (Juglans regia L.) shells upon hammer milling (HM) and ball milling (BM) grinding processes. Marked differences were observed in the attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. The two extracts were investigated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-HRMS). Following enzymatic digestion, the fatty acids (FAs) were examined, and tandem MS of epoxidized species was applied to establish the C-C double bond position; the most abundant species were FA 18:2 Δ9,12, FA 18:1 Δ9, and FA 18:3 Δ9,12,15. However, no significant qualitative differences were observed between FAs in the two samples. Thus, the presence of potential active secondary metabolites was explored, and more than 30 phenolic compounds, including phenols, ellagic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, were found. Interestingly, the HM samples showed a high concentration of ellagitannins and hydrolyzable tannins, which were absent in the BM sample. These findings corroborate the greater phenolic content in the HM sample, as evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Among the others, the occurrence of lanceoloside A at m/z 391.1037 [C19H20O9-H]-, and a closely related benzoyl derivate at m/z 405.1190 (C20H22O9-H]-), was ascertained. The study provides valuable information that highlights the significance of physical pre-treatments, such as mill grinding, in shaping the composition of extracts, with potential applications in the biorefinery or pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (T.R.I.C.); (C.D.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Mesto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (T.R.I.C.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Davide Blasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (T.R.I.C.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (T.R.I.C.); (C.D.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (T.R.I.C.); (C.D.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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12
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Dai W, Zhang L, Dai L, Tian Y, Ye X, Wang S, Li J, Wang Q. Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Branches and Leaves by GC-MS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:5631. [PMID: 37570601 PMCID: PMC10419930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f., a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family and the Zanthoxylum genus, is extensively utilized for its medicinal properties and as a culinary seasoning in China and Southeast Asian countries. However, the chemical composition and biological activities of Z. myriacanthum branches and leaves remain insufficiently explored. In this study, the volatile and non-volatile components of Z. myriacanthum branches and leaves were analyzed using GC-MS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS techniques. A total of 78 volatile compounds and 66 non-volatile compounds were identified. The volatile compounds were predominantly terpenoids and aliphatic compounds, while the non-volatile compounds were primarily flavonoids and alkaloids. The branches contained 52 volatile compounds and 33 non-volatile compounds, whereas the leaves contained 48 volatile compounds and 40 non-volatile compounds. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts from Z. myriacanthum branches and leaves were evaluated using ABTS and DPPH free-radical-scavenging assays, both of which demonstrated certain antioxidant activity. The methanol extract of leaves demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to that of the branches, possibly due to the higher presence of flavonoids and phenols in the leaves, with IC50 values of 7.12 ± 0.257 μg/mL and 1.22 × 102 ± 5.01 μg/mL for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of Z. myriacanthum. The plant holds promise as a natural source of antioxidants for applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Further research can explore its broader biological activities and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Experimental Center of Yunfu Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Liangqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liping Dai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xinger Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Sina Wang
- Experimental Center of Yunfu Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Experimental Center of Yunfu Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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13
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Li X, An S, Luo Z, Zhou P, Wang L, Feng R. Polysaccharides from the hard shells of Juglans regia L. modulate intestinal function and gut microbiota in vivo. Food Chem 2023; 412:135592. [PMID: 36736188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of polysaccharides from the hard shells ofJuglans regiaL. (JRP) on intestinal function and gut microbiota of mice. The results showed that JRP could increase the colonic length and colonic index, and ameliorate the histological characteristics of colon. JRP had a positive effect on immunity of mice by improving immune organ indexes. Owing to enhancement of intestinal peristalsis and increase of colonic fecal moisture by JRP, the defecation time was significantly reduced. After gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, JRP was metabolized by intestinal microorganisms to produce short chain fatty acids, thereby lowering the pH of intestine. Through microbial community analysis, the composition of gut microbiota was modulated by JRPvia increasing theabundances of beneficial bacteriaand decreasing the richness of harmful bacteria. This study suggests that JRP can be served as an excellent prebiotic to promote intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Siying An
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Ru Feng
- Nano-biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Skate Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China
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14
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Jia X, Tan W, Guo Z, Mo Z, Liu P, Xu M. Targeted metabolomics reveals key phenolic changes in pecan nut quality deterioration under different storage conditions. Food Chem 2023; 424:136377. [PMID: 37267651 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pecan nuts are highly enriched in phenolic compounds, which contribute to the health benefits of pecans. Phenolic compounds represent the main oxidation reaction substrates, thus leading to quality deterioration, namely pellicle browning or a decrease in beneficial effects during pecan storage. Hence, four different storage conditions were performed for 180 d to simulate real production situations. Targeted metabolomics was chosen to identify the specific phenolic compounds involved in quality deterioration under different storage conditions in 0, 90, and 180 d samples. A total of 118 phenolic compounds were detected, nine of which were identified for the first time in pecan. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities initially demonstrated high scores, after which they tended to decrease during the storage process. The significantly modified phenolic compounds during storage were selected as the metabolite markers of pecan quality deterioration, including catechin, procyanidin (PA) trimer, PA tetramer, trigalloyl hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) glucose, and tetragalloyl hexoside. Fresh pecan kernels resulted in more pronounced changes in hydrolysable tannins (HTs), whereas dry kernels resulted in the most accentuated changes in condensed tannins (CTs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study individual phenolic changes during storage of pecan in such massive amounts. The results can offer a valuable theoretical basis for future control of pecan quality deterioration through phenolics during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China.
| | - Wenyue Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhongren Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Yili Botanical Garden, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Xinyuan, Xinjiang 835800, China
| | - Zhenghai Mo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210014, China.
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15
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Luo WJ, Wu ML, Zhang SY, Zheng WJ, Lu QP, Xu F, Li PF, Sun F, Sun Y, Piao XH, Wang SM, Ge YW. Molecular networking-assisted systematical profiling and the in vivo neuroprotective effect of ellagitannins from the Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154863. [PMID: 37236048 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellagitannins (ETs) are a major classification of natural tannins, with relatively large and complex structures. ETs from medicinal plants are focused increasingly due to urolithins, a kind of intestinal metabolite of ETs, which showed promising anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) effects. Melastoma dodecandrum (MD), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine is rich in ETs, but their chemistry and potential neuroprotective effects have not been investigated. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of ETs in the crude extract of MD and to investigate their neuroprotective effects in vivo. METHODS UPLC-QTOF-MS-based molecular networking (MN) and structural characterization were applied to targeted profiling of the MD-ETs. Animal behavior experiments, including the novel object recognition test (NOR), open field test (OFT), and Morris water maze test (MWM), were conducted to assess the memory improvement effects of MD-ETs in AD model mice. RESULTS A total of 70 ETs, ranging from monomers to tetramers, were tracked and characterized in the MD extract using MN-guided targeted profiling, with 59 of them reported for the first time in this species. MD-ETs significantly improved memory impairment in AD mice, as indicated by decreased escape latency, increased number of crossings and target quadrant distance in MWM, increased rearing number in OFT, and increased preference index in NOR. CONCLUSION This study systematically characterized the composition and structural features of ETs in MD using targeted LC-MS profiling, expanding the chemical information of ETs in MD. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that MD-ETs have significant effects on improving impaired memory in AD mice, suggesting their potential as alternative natural medicines for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Miao-Li Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- TCM-integrated Hospital Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Piao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yue-Wei Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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An L, Li M, Zou C, Wang K, Zhang W, Huang X, Wang Y. Walnut polyphenols and the active metabolite urolithin A improve oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells by up-regulating PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling. Food Funct 2023; 14:2698-2709. [PMID: 36847209 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has confirmed the health benefits of walnut diets in maintaining brain function with age. Recent studies have indicated that walnut polyphenols (WP) and their active metabolites urolithins may play an important role in the health benefits of walnut diets. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of WP and urolithin A (UroA) on H2O2-induced damage in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, and investigated its mechanisms in the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated signaling pathway, which is tightly involved in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. The results demonstrated that both WP (50 and 100 μg mL-1) and UroA (5 and 10 μM) treatment significantly reversed the decrease of cell viability, the leakage of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the overload of intracellular calcium and cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 treatment. Moreover, WP and UroA treatment also relieved H2O2-induced oxidative stress including overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Additionally, western blot analysis showed that WP and UroA treatment significantly increased the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) and the expression of pCREB (Ser133) and its downstream molecule brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which were decreased by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 abolished the protective effects of WP and UroA, indicating that up-regulation of the PKA/CREB/BDNF neurotrophic signaling pathway is required for their neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. The current work provides new perspectives for understanding the beneficial effects of WP and UroA on brain function, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mengxue Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- Shandong KEEPFIT Biotech. Co., Ltd, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Cunen Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- Shandong KEEPFIT Biotech. Co., Ltd, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- Shandong KEEPFIT Biotech. Co., Ltd, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
- Rizhao HUAWEI Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Rizhao, Shandong, China
- Shandong KEEPFIT Biotech. Co., Ltd, Rizhao, Shandong, China
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17
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Effect of Walnut Supplementation on Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Urinary Polyphenol Excretion in the Walnuts and Healthy Aging Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051253. [PMID: 36904251 PMCID: PMC10005107 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all tree nuts, walnuts contain the highest total polyphenols by weight. This secondary data analysis examined the effect of daily walnut supplementation on the total dietary polyphenols and subclasses and the urinary excretion of total polyphenols in a free-living elderly population. In this 2-year prospective, randomized intervention trial (ID NCT01634841), the dietary polyphenol intake of participants who added walnuts daily to their diets at 15% of daily energy were compared to those in the control group that consumed a walnut-free diet. Dietary polyphenols and subclasses were estimated from 24 h dietary recalls. Phenolic estimates were derived from Phenol-Explorer database version 3.6. Participants in the walnut group compared to the control group had a higher intake of total polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids in mg/d (IQR): 2480 (1955, 3145) vs. 1897 (1369, 2496); 56 (42,84) vs. 29 (15, 54); 174 (90, 298) vs. 140 (61, 277); and 368 (246, 569) vs. 242 (89, 398), respectively. There was a significant inverse association between dietary flavonoid intake and urine polyphenol excretion; less urinary excretion may imply that some of the polyphenols were eliminated via the gut. Nuts had a significant contribution to the total polyphenols in the diet, suggesting that a single food like walnuts added to habitual diet can increase the polyphenol intake in a Western population.
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Yakubu Y, Ahmad MT, Chong CM, Ismail IS, Shaari K. Phenolic content of Terminalia catappa L. leaf and toxicity evaluation on red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:358-372. [PMID: 36333916 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the use of Terminalia catappa (TC) leaf by traditional fish farmers around the world to improve the health status of cultured fish, there is a paucity of information on comprehensive metabolite profile and the maximum safe dose of the plant. This study aims at profiling the methanol leaf extract of T. catappa, quantifying total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the total flavonoid content (TFC) and evaluating its acute toxicity on blood, plasma biochemical parameters and histopathology of some vital organs in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The experimental fish were acclimatised for 2 weeks and divided into six groups. Group (1) served as a control group and was administered 0.2 ml,g-1 of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Groups 2-6 were orally administered T. catappa leaf extracts (0.2 ml.50 g-1 ) in the following sequence; 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 body weight. The metabolites identified in T. catappa using liquid chromatography-tandem mass electrospray ionisation spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) revealed the presence of organic acids, hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Phenolic quantification revealed reasonable quantity of phenolic compounds (217.48 μg GAEmg-1 for TPC and 91.90 μg. QCEmg-1 for TFC). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in all the tested doses in terms of blood parameters and plasma biochemical analysis except for the packed cell volume (PCV) at 500 mg.kg-1 when compared to the control. Significant histopathological changes were observed in groups administered with the extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 doses. To a very large extent it is therefore safe to administer the extract at 31.25 and 62.5 mg.kg-1 in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya Yakubu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad T Ahmad
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Chou M Chong
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Intan S Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Quantitative conversion of free, acid-hydrolyzable, and bound ellagic acid in walnut kernels during baking. Food Chem 2023; 400:134070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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21
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Huang X, Yan C, Lin M, He C, Xu Y, Huang Y, Zhou Z. The effects of conjugation of walnut protein isolate with polyphenols on protein solubility, antioxidant activity, and emulsifying properties. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Tan B, Wang Y, Zhang X, Sun X. Recent Studies on Protective Effects of Walnuts against Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204360. [PMID: 36297047 PMCID: PMC9609811 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the aging process and the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Accordingly, possible therapeutic strategies aimed at anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial to brain health. Walnut kernels contain large quantities of unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, and phenolic compounds that have anti-inflammatory effects. The long-term intake of walnuts has been found to improve cognitive function and memory in rats and humans. However, the modulatory effect of walnuts on neuroinflammation has received much less attention. This review focuses on the potential influence and main regulating mechanisms of walnuts and their active ingredients on neuroinflammation, including the regulation of microglia activation induced by amyloid β or lipopolysaccharides, inhibition of peripheral inflammation mediated by macrophages, reduction in oxidative stress by decreasing free radical levels and boosting antioxidant defenses, and control of gut microbes to maintain homeostasis. However, the majority of evidence of the beneficial effects of walnuts or their components on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration comes from experimental work, whereas evidence from clinical studies on the beneficial effects is scarcer and less conclusive. This review aims to provide new insights into the neuroinflammation-regulating mechanisms and natural active ingredients of walnuts and the development of walnut-based functional foods for the alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence:
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Phytochemical Screening and Bioactive Properties of Juglans regia L. Pollen. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102046. [PMID: 36290769 PMCID: PMC9598064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen is one of the major by-products of the walnut tree, yet it is poorly investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant, anticancer potential, and polyphenol profile of pollen obtained from male Juglans regia flowers. A total of 24 phenolic compounds were identified in Juglans regia pollen and all of them were reported for the first time for this raw material. The content of polyphenols was 408.03 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) and the most abundant components were quercetin 3-O-sophoroside and 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside. The concentration of these compounds, as well as the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids, strongly determined the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Juglans regia pollen. Antioxidant action using the ABTS and CUPRAC methods had the values of 3.35 and 0.32 mmol TE/g dw, respectively. In turn, in the tests of chelating ability of ferrous ion, O2•− and OH− radical scavenging activity, of which the results were expressed as IC50, the values were equal to 335.01, 459.31, and 92.89 µg/mL, respectively. Among the six cancer cell lines, the strongest effect was demonstrated for Caco-2 (140.65 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (140.98 µg/mL) cells. The results provide valuable and previously unpublished data on the polyphenol composition and biological potential of Juglans regia pollen.
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Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz IP, Tkacz K, Nowicka P, Bobak Ł. Nuts as functional foods: Variation of nutritional and phytochemical profiles and their in vitro bioactive properties. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100418. [PMID: 36211787 PMCID: PMC9532779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional, biological and in vitro anti-diabetic, -obesity, -cholinergic of nuts. Polymeric procyanidins dominant polyphenols. Oleanic and pomolic acids dominant triterpenes. Nuts are low in Cu, Zn, Mn, Na, but rich in K and Mg. All nuts showed high activity in inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase.
The aim of the present study was to examine the nutritional (fat, fatty acids, minerals, sugars) and bioactive compounds (polyphenols, tocochromanols, triterpene) and their influence on in vitro anti-diabetic (pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase), anti-obesity (pancreatic lipase) and anti-cholinergic (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activity of 8 different popular nuts—pecan, pine, hazelnuts, pistachio, almonds, cashew, walnuts, and macadamia. The total content of phenolic compounds in nuts ranged from 432.9 (walnuts) to 5.9 (pistachio) mg/100 g. The dominant polyphenols are polymeric procyanidins (walnuts – 415.1 mg/100 g). Nuts are rich in tocochromanols (832.9–4377.5 μg/100 g), especially α- and γ-tocopherols. The highest content of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) was detected in hazelnuts and almonds (2551.0 and 2489.7 μg/100 g, respectively) while the lowest amounts were detected in macadamia, cashew and walnuts. The most abundant in nuts are oleanic and pomolic acids (35 and 22 % of total, respectively), while betulin, uvaol and erythrodiol are less characteristic triterpenes for nuts (<1%). Pine nuts are the nuts with the highest content of triterpene (690.3 mg/100 g). Pistachio and almonds are the richest in total fat (>45 %), but monounsaturated (17.5–79.3 %; hazelnuts, almonds, cashew, macadamia, pistachio and pecan) and polyunsaturated (7.5–69.3 %; pine, walnuts) are the dominant fatty acids. Moreover, nuts are low in Cu, Zn, Mn and Na content, but rich in K (464.5–1772.3 mg/100 g) and Mg (197.0–502.5 mg/100 g). Macadamia, walnuts and cashew are good sources of Se. Pistachio, almonds and cashew were characterized by the highest content of sugars, but the dominant sugar was saccharose (58.2–2399.3 mg/100 g). All nuts showed high activity in inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase (>90 %), but lower ability to inhibit pancreatic α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activity. The activity in inhibiting acetyl- and butylcholinesterase was up to 30 %. As described above, all nuts contain various compounds that improve the nutritional value. Therefore they should be one of the important components of the daily human diet rich in functional foods.
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Chen S, Li D, Chen S, He J, Wang Z, Yang G, Lu Z. Identifying and expression analysis of WD40 transcription factors in walnut. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20229. [PMID: 35904050 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important woody oil plant and will be affected by abiotic and biological stress during its growth and development. The WD-repeat (WD40) protein is widely involved in plant growth, development, metabolism, and abiotic stress response. To explore the stress response mechanism of walnut, based on the complete sequencing results of the walnut genome, this study identified and analyzed the physiological, biochemical, genetic structure, and conservative protein motifs of 42 JrWD40 genes, whose expression to abnormal temperature were tested to predict the potential biological function. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of theseWD40 genes were 807-2,460 bp, encoding peptides were 29,610.55-90,387.98 Da covering 268-819 amino acids, as well as 12-112 phosphorylation sites. JrWD40 proteins were highly conserved with four to five WD40 domains and shared certain similarity to WD40 proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. JrWD40 genes can be induced to varying degrees by low and high temperature treatments. JrWD40-32, JrWD40-27, JrWD40-35, and JrWD40-21 are affected by high temperature more seriously and their expression levels are higher; while JrWD40-37, JrWD40-26, JrWD40-20, JrWD40-24, and other genes are inhibited under low temperature stress. JrWD40-40, JrWD40-28, and JrWD40-18 were first suppressed with low expression, while as the treatment time prolonging, the expression level was increased under cold condition. JrWD40-14, JrWD40-18, JrWD40-34, and JrWD40-3 displayed strong transcriptions response to both heat and cold stress. These results indicated that JrWD40 genes can participate in walnut adaptation to adversity and can be used as important candidates for walnut resistance molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dapei Li
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianing He
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zengbin Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization in Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhoumin Lu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Phan ADT, Zhang J, Seididamyeh M, Srivarathan S, Netzel ME, Sivakumar D, Sultanbawa Y. Hydrolysable tannins, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant property of wild-harvested Terminalia ferdinandiana (exell) fruit at different maturity stages. Front Nutr 2022; 9:961679. [PMID: 35967775 PMCID: PMC9372433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.961679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell., also known as Kakadu plum, is a wild-harvested native Australian fruit with limited information on how maturity is affecting the phytonutritional properties and bioactivities of the fruit. Thus, this study investigated changes in hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids, sugar profile, standard physicochemical parameters, and antioxidant-scavenging capacity of wild-harvested Kakadu plum fruits at four different maturity stages, from immature to fully mature. Fruits harvested <25, 25-50, 50-75, and 75-100% degree of fullness were classified as highly immature (stage 1), immature (stage 2), semi-mature (stage 3), and fully mature (stage 4), respectively. Results showed that chebulagic acid, geraniin, chebulinic acid, castalagin, punicalagin, and gallic acid continuously decreased during fruit maturity, while elaeocarpusin, helioscopin B, corilagin, 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-S-glucose, and ellagic acid increased at the beginning of fruit growth (from stage 1 to 2), but decreased when the fruits reached their full maturity (stage 4). The levels of hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids in fully mature fruits (stage 4) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than that in their immature counterparts (stages 1 and 2). Total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH antioxidant radical-scavenging activity did not vary significantly between different maturity stages. Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that TPC and DPPH positively (p ≤ 0.05) correlate with most of the studied tannin compounds. Sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), total soluble solid content, and titratable acidity increased during the fruit development. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the difference between the immature and mature samples, based on their nutritional profile and bioactive compounds. The PCA results also suggested a considerable variability between the individual trees, highlighting the challenges of wild-harvest practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Dao Thi Phan
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiale Zhang
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Maral Seididamyeh
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Sukirtha Srivarathan
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael E Netzel
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Department of Crop Sciences, Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
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Simulated gastrointestinal digestion/Caco-2 cell model to predict bioaccessibility and intestinal permeability of p-coumaric acid and p-coumaroyl derivatives in peanut. Food Chem 2022; 400:134033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Comprehensive comparative analysis of lipid profile in dried and fresh walnut kernels by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. Food Chem 2022; 386:132706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Valorization of Traditional Italian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Production: Genetic, Nutritional and Sensory Characterization of Locally Grown Varieties in the Trentino Region. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151986. [PMID: 35956464 PMCID: PMC9370163 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia (L.) is cultivated worldwide for its nutrient-rich nuts. In Italy, despite the growing demand, walnut cultivation has gone through a strong decline in recent decades, which led to Italy being among the top five net importing countries. To promote the development of local high-quality Italian walnut production, we devised a multidisciplinary project to highlight the distinctive traits of three varieties grown in the mountainous region Trentino (northeast of Italy): the heirloom ‘Bleggiana’, a second local accession called local Franquette and the French cultivar ‘Lara’, recently introduced in the local production to increase yield. The genetic characterization confirmed the uniqueness of ‘Bleggiana’ and revealed local Franquette as a newly described autochthonous variety, thus named ‘Blegette’. The metabolic profiles highlighted a valuable nutritional composition of the local varieties, richer in polyphenols and with a lower ω-6/ω-3 ratio than the commercial ‘Lara’. ‘Blegette’ obtained the highest preference scores from consumers for both the visual aspect and tasting; however, the volatile organic compound profiles did not discriminate among the characterized cultivars. The described local varieties represent an interesting reservoir of walnut genetic diversity and quality properties, which deserve future investigation on agronomically useful traits (e.g., local adaptation and water usage) for a high-quality and sustainable production.
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Transcriptome analysis of walnut quality formation and color change mechanism of pellicle during walnut development. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 45:119260. [PMID: 35760355 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts (including those covered with a pellicle) are loved for their rich nutritional value. And the popular varieties of walnut cultivation are Juglans sigillata L. The pellicle (seed coat) of these walnut cultivars has different colors and has an indispensable influence on the walnut quality formation. However, there are few reports on the pellicle color and quality formation in different developmental stages of walnut (Juglans sigillata L.). Therefore, in this study, three walnut cultivars (F, Q, and T) with different pellicle colors were selected for transcriptome sequencing and physiological index analysis of the color and quality formation mechanisms at different development stages. The results showed that with the development of walnut fruit, the starch sucrose metabolism pathway in the pellicle was activated and promoted starch hydrolysis. Meanwhile, the expression levels of genes related to the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway were significantly increased during walnut maturation, especially in F2. Some physiological indicators related to lipid oxidation were also detected and analyzed in this study, such as MDA, CAT, POD and DPPH. These results were similar to the expression patterns of corresponding regulatory genes in the RNA-Seq profile. In addition, lignin synthesis genes were up-regulated in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, while key genes enriched in the flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis pathways were down-regulated. The results were consistent with the results of total anthocyanins and flavonoid content detection during walnut development. Therefore, this experiment suggested that with the maturation of walnut pellicle, the gene expression in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway flowed to the branch of lignin synthesis, especially in the Q variety, resulting in lower flavonoid and anthocyanin content at the maturity stage than immature. This is also the main reason for the pale pellicle of the three walnut varieties after mature. The findings of this study showed that changes in the expression levels of regulating genes for lipid, starch, sugar, and flavonoid synthesis during walnut development influenced the accumulation of the related metabolite for walnut quality formation and pellicle color. The results of this experiment provided the molecular basis and reference for the breeding of high nutritional quality walnut varieties.
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Wang H, Miao F, Ning D, Shan C. Ellagic acid Alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in C57 mice via the Caspase-1-GSDMD pathway. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:229. [PMID: 35717170 PMCID: PMC9206301 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellagic acid (EA) has improving function against oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction in many disorders. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in the veterinary clinic. In the present study, the protective effects of EA pretreatment against hepatic IRI-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS We found that pyroptosis is involved in hepatic IRI, which is manifested in increasing the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and promoting the expression of active caspase-1, thereby cleaving GSDMD-N to cause pyroptosis, and caspase-1-/- mice were used to verify this conclusion. In addition, we found that EA protects against hepatic IRI by inhibiting pyroptosis, including reducing the activity of caspase-1 and its expression in the liver, inhibiting the lysis of GSDMD-N, and reducing the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS The present results have demonstrated that prophylactic administration of EA ameliorated hepatic IRI by inhibiting pyroptosis induced in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in vivo through the caspase-1-GSDMD axis, providing a potential therapeutic option prevent hepatic IRI in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Fujun Miao
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Delu Ning
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650204, China.
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China.
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Metabolome and Transcriptome Profiling Unveil the Mechanisms of Polyphenol Synthesis in the Developing Endopleura of Walnut ( Juglans regia L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126623. [PMID: 35743068 PMCID: PMC9224426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important woody nut tree species, and its endopleura (the inner coating of a seed) is rich in many polyphenols. Thus far, the pathways and essential genes involved in polyphenol biosynthesis in developing walnut endopleura remain largely unclear. We compared metabolite differences between endopleura and embryo in mature walnuts, and analyzed the changes of metabolites in endopleura at 35, 63, 91, 119, and 147 days after pollination (DAP). A total of 760 metabolites were detected in the metabolome, and the polyphenol contents in endopleura were higher than those in embryos. A total of 15 types of procyanidins, 10 types of kaempferol glycosides, and 21 types of quercetin glycosides that accumulated during endopleura development were identified. The analysis of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway showed that phenylalanine was gradually transformed into proanthocyanidins and other secondary metabolites with the development of endopleura. A total of 49 unigenes related to polyphenol synthesis were identified by transcriptome analysis of endopleura. The expression patterns of PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, LDOX, and ANR were similar, and their expression levels were highest in endopleura at maturity. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that endopleura rapidly synthesized and accumulated polyphenols during maturation. Moreover, the transcription factor MYB111 played an important role in synthesizing polyphenols in endopleura, and its expression pattern was positively correlated with the accumulation pattern of quercetin, kaempferol, and proanthocyanidins. MYB111 was co-expressed with NAP, NAC, ATR1, and other genes related to cell senescence and abiotic stress response. Our study analyzed the composition and molecular synthesis mechanism of polyphenols in walnut endopleura, and provided new perspectives and insights regarding the nutritional research of walnut nuts.
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Jin F, Wang Y, Huang R, Li B, Zhou Y, Pei D. Phenolic extracts from colored-walnut pellicles: antioxidant efficiency in walnut oil preservation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2082466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baoxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, P. R. China
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An electrochemical alternative for evaluating the antioxidant capacity in walnut kernel extracts. Food Chem 2022; 393:133417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Phenolic profiling and antioxidant evaluation of extracts from Southern African indigenous fruits byproducts. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gómez-López VM, Noguera-Artiaga L, Figueroa-Morales F, Girón F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Gabaldón JA, Pérez-López AJ. Effect of Pulsed Light on Quality of Shelled Walnuts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091186. [PMID: 35563906 PMCID: PMC9103840 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shelled walnuts are considered a microbiologically low-risk food but have been linked to some outbreaks, and a treatment aiming to decrease this risk is desirable. Pulsed light (PL) may be an alternative, providing it does not seriously impair their quality. This work assessed the impact of PL on some quality attributes of walnuts. To do this, measurements of rancidity, volatiles, total phenols, antioxidant activity, and descriptive sensory analysis were carried out on untreated and PL (43 J/cm2)-treated kernels. PL had no statistically significant (p > 0.05) effects on TBARS, peroxide value, total phenols, and antioxidant activity but significantly increased the concentration of volatiles related to green/herbaceous odors and decreased compounds related to fruity and citrus odors. The descriptors nut overall, walnut odor and flavor, and aftertaste were given statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores, while descriptors woody odor and sweet received lower scores; 16 other traits such as all those related to color, texture, and rancidity were unaffected. No significant (p > 0.05) effects on total phenols and antioxidant activity in general were observed during the course of PL treatment. It can be concluded that PL technology may be used in shelled walnuts with only mild effects on their quality; a storage study must be carried out in order to determine the effect of PL treatment on its shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Manuel Gómez-López
- Catedra Alimentos para la Salud, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (L.N.-A.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - Fernando Figueroa-Morales
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Francisco Girón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Ángel Antonio Carbonell-Barrachina
- Research Group “Food Quality and Safety”, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University of Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain; (L.N.-A.); (Á.A.C.-B.)
| | - José Antonio Gabaldón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Antonio Jose Pérez-López
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Campus de los Jerónimos s/n, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (F.F.-M.); (F.G.); (J.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 34-968-278-622
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Ren SM, Zhang QZ, Jiang M, Chen ML, Xu XJ, Wang DM, Pan YN, Liu XQ. Systematic characterization of the metabolites of defatted walnut powder extract in vivo and screening of the mechanisms against NAFLD by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS combined with network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114870. [PMID: 34848359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Walnut kernel, a well-known TCM, is often used after being defatted in tradition. And defatted walnut powder extract (DWPE) has the actions of tonifying the liver and kidney, dissipating stagnation and removing blood stasis, which has the effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the effective components of DWPE in vivo were unclear and the multiple mechanisms of DWPE against NAFLD have not been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The studies were performed to screen the effective substances in vivo by identification of the metabolites of DWPE in rats and to seek the potential mechanisms of DWPE on NAFLD by construction of the network pharmacology based on metabolites and verification of the highly correlated pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS To explore the effective substances in vivo, the metabolites of DWPE were identified in SD rats' bio-samples through UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. To analyze the mechanisms of DWPE on NAFLD, a Metabolite-Target-Disease network was established and the potential mechanisms were predicted. Then, highly correlated pathway was verified in animal and cells studies. RESULTS A total of 52 metabolites of DWPE were identified in vivo, which were derived from gallic acid, ellagic acid (EA) and glansreginin A (Gla A). The possible metabolic pathways were phase Ⅰ (hydroxylation, hydrolyzation, etc) and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions (methylation, sulfation and glucuronidation). Furthermore, in the network pharmacology, 54 core targets were enriched into pathways in cancer, nitrogen metabolism and other 9 pathways, which were essential pathways of DWPE against NAFLD. And the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism was verified in both of animal and cells studies. The results showed that DWPE could decline the concentration of ammonia and increase the expressions of carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) and carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS1) in nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSION Taken together, the study revealed the absorption components and their metabolic pathways and demonstrated the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism of DWPE on anti-NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Meng Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Qing-Zhu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Man Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Meng-Lin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xia-Jing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ying-Ni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Wang P, Zhong L, Yang H, Zhu F, Hou X, Wu C, Zhang R, Cheng Y. Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities between dried and fresh walnut kernels by metabolomic approaches. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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XU X, SONG Y, JIANG M, LIU M, ZHANG X, WANG D, PAN Y, REN S, LIU X. An assessment of the potential of defatted walnut powder extract against hyperlipidemia-intensified L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiajing XU
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | - Man JIANG
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Meihan LIU
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | | | | | - Yingni PAN
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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Vasquez-Rojas WV, Martín D, Miralles B, Recio I, Fornari T, Cano MP. Composition of Brazil Nut ( Bertholletia excels HBK), Its Beverage and By-Products: A Healthy Food and Potential Source of Ingredients. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123007. [PMID: 34945560 PMCID: PMC8700994 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based beverages is a growing trend and, consequently, the search for alternative plant sources, the improvement of beverage quality and the use of their by-products, acquire great interest. Thus, the purpose of this work was to characterize the composition (nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity) of the Brazil nut (BN), its whole beverage (WBM), water-soluble beverage (BM-S), and its by-products of the beverage production: cake, sediment fraction (BM-D), and fat fraction (BM-F). In this study, advanced methodologies for the analysis of the components were employed to assess HPLC-ESI-QTOF (phenolic compounds), GC (fatty acids), and MALDI-TOF/TOF (proteins and peptides). The production of WBM was based on a hot water extraction process, and the production of BM-S includes an additional centrifugation step. The BN showed an interesting nutritional quality and outstanding content of unsaturated fatty acids. The investigation found the following in the composition of the BN: phenolic compounds (mainly flavan-3-ols as Catechin (and glycosides or derivatives), Epicatechin (and glycosides or derivatives), Quercetin and Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, hydroxybenzoic acids as Gallic acid (and derivatives), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ellagic acid, Vanillic acid, p-Coumaric acid and Ferulic acid, bioactive minor lipid components (β-Sitosterol, γ-Tocopherol, α-Tocopherol and squalene), and a high level of selenium. In beverages, WBM had a higher lipid content than BM-S, a factor that influenced the energy characteristics and the content of bioactive minor lipid components. The level of phenolic compounds and selenium were outstanding in both beverages. Hydrothermal processing can promote some lipolysis, with an increase in free fatty acids and monoglycerides content. In by-products, the BM-F stood out due to its bioactive minor lipid components, the BM-D showed a highlight in protein and mineral contents, and the cake retained important nutrients and phytochemicals from the BN. In general, the BN and its beverages are healthy foods, and its by-products could be used to obtain healthy ingredients with appreciable biological activities (such as antioxidant activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson V. Vasquez-Rojas
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Diana Martín
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Isidra Recio
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.); (I.R.)
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.); (T.F.)
| | - M. Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910017937
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Navarro-Hoyos M, Arnáez-Serrano E, Quesada-Mora S, Azofeifa-Cordero G, Wilhelm-Romero K, Quirós-Fallas MI, Alvarado-Corella D, Vargas-Huertas F, Sánchez-Kopper A. HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Molecules 2021; 26:7367. [PMID: 34885949 PMCID: PMC8659030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS), on enriched-phenolic extracts from skins and flesh, obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In total, 48 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 17 flavan-3-ols, 12 flavonoids, 4 chalcones, 1 glycosylated isoprenoid and 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Among extracts, the flesh of Jonagold exhibits a larger number of polyphenols and is especially rich in procyanidin trimers, tetramers and pentamers. Evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using ORAC and DPPH procedures yields higher values for this extract (608.8 mg GAE/g extract; 14.80 mmol TE/g extract and IC50 = 3.96 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated against SW620 colon cancer cell lines and AGS gastric cancer cell lines also delivered better effects for Jonagold flesh (IC50 = 62.4 and 60.0 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between TPC and cytotoxicity values against SW620 and AGS adenocarcinoma (r = -0.908, and -0.902, respectively). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the number of procyanidins and both antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity towards SW620 (r = -0.978) and AGS (r = -0.894) cell lines. These results align with Jonagold flesh exhibiting the highest abundance in procyanidin oligomers and yielding better cytotoxic and antioxidant results. In sum, our findings suggest the need for further studies on these Costa Rican apple extracts-and particularly on the extracts from Jonagold flesh-to increase the knowledge on their potential benefits for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | | | - Silvia Quesada-Mora
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (S.Q.-M.); (G.A.-C.)
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa-Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (S.Q.-M.); (G.A.-C.)
| | - Krissia Wilhelm-Romero
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Maria Isabel Quirós-Fallas
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Diego Alvarado-Corella
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Felipe Vargas-Huertas
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Kopper
- CEQIATEC, Department of Chemistry, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica;
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Castangia I, Manca ML, Allaw M, Hellström J, Granato D, Manconi M. Jabuticaba ( Myrciaria jaboticaba) Peel as a Sustainable Source of Anthocyanins and Ellagitannins Delivered by Phospholipid Vesicles for Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216697. [PMID: 34771107 PMCID: PMC8587422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian berry scientifically known as jabuticaba is a fruit covered by a dark purple peel that is still rich in bioactives, especially polyphenols. Considering that, this work was aimed at obtaining an extract from the peel of jabuticaba fruits, identifying its main components, loading it in phospholipid vesicles specifically tailored for skin delivery and evaluating their biological efficacy. The extract was obtained by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), which is considered an easy and low dissipative method, and it was rich in polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids (ortho-diphenols and condensed tannins), anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside) and gallic acid, which were responsible for the high antioxidant activity detected using different colorimetric methods (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and metal chelation). To improve the stability and extract effectiveness, it was incorporated into ultradeformable phospholipid vesicles (transfersomes) that were modified by adding two different polymers (hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate), thus obtaining HEcellulose-transfersomes and hyaluronan-transfersomes. Transfersomes without polymers were the smallest, as the addition of the polymer led to the formation of larger vesicles that were more stable in storage. The incorporation of the extract in the vesicles promoted their beneficial activities as they were capable, to a greater extent than the solution used as reference, of counteracting the toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide and even of speeding up the healing of a wound performed in a cell monolayer, especially when vesicles were enriched with polymers. Given that, polymer enriched vesicles may represent a good strategy to produce cosmetical and cosmeceutical products with beneficial properties for skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Castangia
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Mohamad Allaw
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (D.G.)
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
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Yaskolka Meir A, Rinott E, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Rosen P, Shelef I, Youngster I, Shalev A, Blüher M, Ceglarek U, Stumvoll M, Tuohy K, Diotallevi C, Vrhovsek U, Hu F, Stampfer M, Shai I. Effect of green-Mediterranean diet on intrahepatic fat: the DIRECT PLUS randomised controlled trial. Gut 2021; 70:2085-2095. [PMID: 33461965 PMCID: PMC8515100 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effectiveness of green-Mediterranean (MED) diet, further restricted in red/processed meat, and enriched with green plants and polyphenols on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), reflected by intrahepatic fat (IHF) loss. DESIGN For the DIRECT-PLUS 18-month randomized clinical trial, we assigned 294 participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidaemia into healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), MED and green-MED weight-loss diet groups, all accompanied by physical activity. Both isocaloric MED groups consumed 28 g/day walnuts (+440 mg/day polyphenols provided). The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and Mankai (a Wolffia globosa aquatic plant strain; 100 g/day frozen cubes) green shake (+1240 mg/day total polyphenols provided). IHF% 18-month changes were quantified continuously by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). RESULTS Participants (age=51 years; 88% men; body mass index=31.3 kg/m2; median IHF%=6.6%; mean=10.2%; 62% with NAFLD) had 89.8% 18-month retention-rate, and 78% had eligible follow-up MRS. Overall, NAFLD prevalence declined to: 54.8% (HDG), 47.9% (MED) and 31.5% (green-MED), p=0.012 between groups. Despite similar moderate weight-loss in both MED groups, green-MED group achieved almost double IHF% loss (-38.9% proportionally), as compared with MED (-19.6% proportionally; p=0.035 weight loss adjusted) and HDG (-12.2% proportionally; p<0.001). After 18 months, both MED groups had significantly higher total plasma polyphenol levels versus HDG, with higher detection of Naringenin and 2-5-dihydroxybenzoic-acid in green-MED. Greater IHF% loss was independently associated with increased Mankai and walnuts intake, decreased red/processed meat consumption, improved serum folate and adipokines/lipids biomarkers, changes in microbiome composition (beta-diversity) and specific bacteria (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION The new suggested strategy of green-Mediterranean diet, amplified with green plant-based proteins/polyphenols as Mankai, green tea, and walnuts, and restricted in red/processed meat can double IHF loss than other healthy nutritional strategies and reduce NAFLD in half. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel,Division of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Philip Rosen
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Pediatric Division and Center for Microbiome Research, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Ya’akov, Israel
| | - Aryeh Shalev
- Division of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy
| | - Camilla Diotallevi
- Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michelle All'Adige, Italy,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Polyphenolic QTOF-ESI MS Characterization and the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Prunus domestica Commercial Cultivars from Costa Rica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216493. [PMID: 34770900 PMCID: PMC8588404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased interest in plum research because of their metabolites' potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Prunus domestica commercial cultivars (Methley, Pisardii and Satsuma) in Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS) on enriched phenolic extracts obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) under acidic and neutral extraction conditions. In total, 41 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 11 flavan-3-ols, 14 flavonoids and 16 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Neutral extractions for the skins and flesh from all of the cultivars yielded a larger number of compounds, and were particularly rich in the number of procyanidin trimers and tetramers when compared to the acid extractions. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ORAC methods exhibited better results for neutral extracts with Satsuma skins and Methley flesh, which showed the best values (685.0 and 801.6 mg GAE/g extract; IC50 = 4.85 and 4.39 µg/mL; and 12.55 and 12.22 mmol TE/g extract, respectively). A Two-Way ANOVA for cytotoxicity towards AGS gastric adenocarcinoma and SW620 colon adenocarcinoma indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) for PLE conditions, with better results for neutral extractions, with Satsuma skin delivering the best results (IC50 = 60.7 and 46.7 µg/mL respectively) along with Methley flesh (IC50 = 76.3 and 60.9 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between TPC and ORAC (r = 0.929, p < 0.05), as well as a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between TPC and cytotoxicity towards AGS and SW620 cell lines (r = -0.776, and -0.751, respectively). A particularly high, significant, negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the number of procyanidins and cytotoxicity against the AGS (r = -0.868) and SW620 (r = -0.855) cell lines. Finally, the PCA clearly corroborated that neutral extracts are a more homogenous group exhibiting higher antioxidant and cytotoxic results regardless of the part or cultivar; therefore, our findings suggest that PLE extracts under neutral conditions would be of interest for further studies on their potential health benefits.
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Kashchenko NI, Olennikov DN, Chirikova NK. Metabolites of Siberian Raspberries: LC-MS Profile, Seasonal Variation, Antioxidant Activity and, Thermal Stability of Rubus matsumuranus Phenolome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2317. [PMID: 34834680 PMCID: PMC8620613 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rubus matsumuranus H. Lev. & Vaniot, a famous Siberian shrub of the Rosaceae family, is used in the folk medicine of nomads (Buryats, Yakuts, Soyots, and Mongols) as a remedy for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory and hepatobiliary systems. The lack of scientific information on R. matsumuranus leaves contributed to the investigation of the metabolomic profile and biological activity of this plant. In this study, metabolites of R. matsumuranus leaves in three stages (active growth, flowering, and fruiting) were characterised using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-PDA-ESI-tQ-MS). In total, 63 compounds were identified, including gallic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamates, catechins, procyanidins, flavonols, and ellagitannins. Lambertianin C (57.11 mg/g of dry weight, DW), miquelianin (39.63 mg/g DW), and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (31.18 mg/g DW) were the major compounds in R. matsumuranus leaves. As a result of the HPLC-PDA-based assay to determine the antioxidant activity, it was revealed that lambertianin A, sanguiin H6, lambertianin C, and sanguiin H11 were effective scavengers of free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH•) and possessed Fe2+-chelating activity. After an investigation of the phenolic content in infusions and decoctions obtained by extraction with water at different temperatures, it was revealed that a hot infusion (80 °C) is a phenolic-rich preparation of R. matsumuranus leaves. Our research suggests that R. matsumuranus leaves are a rich source of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant properties and that this could be a prospective plant for new functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I. Kashchenko
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia;
| | - Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, North-Eastern Federal University, 677027 Yakutsk, Russia;
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Yaskolka Meir A, Keller M, Müller L, Bernhart SH, Tsaban G, Zelicha H, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Gepner Y, Shelef I, Schwarzfuchs D, Ceglarek U, Stadler P, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Shai I. Effects of lifestyle interventions on epigenetic signatures of liver fat: Central randomized controlled trial. Liver Int 2021; 41:2101-2111. [PMID: 33938135 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the CENTRAL trial context, we found diverse liver fat dynamics in response to different dietary interventions. Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the intraindividual variation. Moreover, genetic factors are involved in developing nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), a disease reflected by an increase in intrahepatic fat (IHF). In this exploratory analysis, we primarily aimed to examine the effect of lifestyle interventions on DNA-methylation of NAFLD related genes associated with IHF. METHODS For 120 participants from the CENTRAL trial, an 18-month regimen of either low-fat (LF) or Mediterranean-low carbohydrate (MED/LC) diets, with or without physical activity (PA+/PA-), was instructed. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure IHF%, which was analysed for association with CpG specific DNA-methylation levels of 41 selected candidate genes. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms known to be associated with NAFLD within the studied genes were genotyped by TaqMan assays. RESULTS At baseline, participants (92% men; body mass index = 30.2 kg/m2 ) had mean IHF of 10.7% (59% NAFLD). Baseline-IHF% was inversely correlated with DNA-methylation at individual CpGs within AC074286.1, CRACR2A, A2MP1, FARP1 (P < .05 for all multivariate models). FARP1 rs9584805 showed association with IHF, with the prevalence of NAFLD and baseline methylation level of the CpG site (cg00071727) associated with IHF%. Following 18-month lifestyle intervention, differential DNA-methylation patterns were observed between diets at cg14335324 annotated to A2MP1 (P = .04, LF vs. MED/LC), and differential DNA-methylation between PA groups within AC074286.1, CRACR2A, and FARP1 CpGs (P < .05 for all, PA-vs. PA+). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests epigenetic markers for IHF and potential epigenetic remodeling after long-term lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maria Keller
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Müller
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan H Bernhart
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Transcriptome Bioinformatics, LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Stadler
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions Dresden/Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang L, Lei T, Han G, Yue J, Zhang X, Yang Q, Ruan H, Gu C, Zhang Q, Qian T, Zhang N, Qian W, Wang Q, Pang X, Shu Y, Gao L, Wang Y. The chromosome-scale reference genome of Rubus chingii Hu provides insight into the biosynthetic pathway of hydrolyzable tannins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1466-1477. [PMID: 34174125 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rubus chingii Hu (Fu-Pen-Zi), a perennial woody plant in the Rosaceae family, is a characteristic traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its unique pharmacological effects. There are abundant hydrolyzable tannin (HT) components in R. chingii that provide health benefits. Here, an R. chingii chromosome-scale genome and related functional analysis provide insights into the biosynthetic pathway of HTs. In total, sequence data of 231.21 Mb (155 scaffolds with an N50 of 8.2 Mb) were assembled into seven chromosomes with an average length of 31.4 Mb, and 33 130 protein-coding genes were predicted, 89.28% of which were functionally annotated. Evolutionary analysis showed that R. chingii was most closely related to Rubus occidentalis, from which it was predicted to have diverged 22.46 million years ago (Table S8). Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was a tandem gene cluster of UGT, carboxylesterase (CXE) and SCPL genes on chromosome 02 of R. chingii, including 11 CXE, eight UGT, and six SCPL genes, which may be critical for the synthesis of HTs. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that the proteins encoded by the CXE (LG02.4273) and UGT (LG02.4102) genes have tannin hydrolase and gallic acid glycosyltransferase functions, respectively. The genomic sequence of R. chingii will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis within the Rosaceae family and will be useful for understanding the biosynthesis of HTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longji Wang
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guomin Han
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Junyang Yue
- Horticulture College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xueru Zhang
- GrandOmics Biosciences, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Qi Yang
- GrandOmics Biosciences, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Haixiang Ruan
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chunyang Gu
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Niuniu Zhang
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaojing Pang
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yue Shu
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Liping Gao
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Life Science College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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48
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Ma Y, Wang C, Liu C, Tan J, Ma H, Wang J. Physiochemical Responses of the Kernel Quality, Total Phenols and Antioxidant Enzymes of Walnut in Different Forms to the Low-Temperature Storage. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092027. [PMID: 34574137 PMCID: PMC8468118 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh walnut is obtaining high attention due to its pleasant taste and health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage temperatures (0 °C and -20 °C) on the kernel quality, total phenols, and antioxidant enzyme activities of walnuts in three forms (fresh kernels, walnuts with green husk, and walnuts with shell). For a short storage within 3 months at 0 °C, the results revealed that walnuts with green husk provided a better walnut kernel quality resulting from its lower acid value and peroxide value, together with a higher total phenol content and total antioxidant activity, compared with other forms of walnuts. In comparison, frozen storage at -20 °C for a long duration (up to 10 months), found that walnuts with shell showed advantages in improving the kernel quality (fatty acid content, total phenols, and total antioxidant activity) and antioxidant enzyme (peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) activities in the kernels, leading to an acceptable range of acid value and peroxide value, compared with other forms of walnuts. Thus, frozen storage at -20 °C showed a potential application in maintaining the walnut kernel quality, especially the walnuts with shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.M.); (C.W.); (C.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Chaoye Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.M.); (C.W.); (C.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Chaobin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.M.); (C.W.); (C.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jiawei Tan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.M.); (C.W.); (C.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Huiling Ma
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence: or
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Simultaneous Quantification of Diarylheptanoids and Phenolic Compounds in Juglans mandshurica Maxim. by UPLC–TQ-MS. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature epicarps of Juglans mandshurica and Juglans regia have been used as folk medicine for the treatment of cancer in China. Other parts of the J.mandshurica plant, including leaves, branches, barks, and stems, have reported antitumor activities. We previously found that various diarylheptanoids and phenolic compounds isolated from J. mandshurica epicarps show significant antitumor activities. However, there are no reports of quantitative analysis of diarylheptanoids and phenolic compounds of J. mandshurica. In this study, a validated quantitative method, based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, was employed to determine the contents of eight diarylheptanoids and seven phenolic compounds in the epicarps of J. mandshurica during different growth periods, in different parts of the plant, and in the epicarps of two Juglans species. The most successful J. mandshurica epicarp harvesting time fell between Day 12 and Day 27. The leaves of J. mandshurica showed potential for medical use as they had the highest content of the 15 compounds (3.399 ± 0.013 mg/g). We showed for the first time that the total content of diarylheptanoids in J. mandshurica is higher than that in J. regia, though, conversely, J. regia has higher contents of phenolic compounds. The method developed in this study is practical and simple and can be applied for quantitative analysis for evaluating the intrinsic quality of J. mandshurica.
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50
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Milala J, Piekarska-Radzik L, Sójka M, Klewicki R, Matysiak B, Klewicka E. Rosa spp. Extracts as a Factor That Limits the Growth of Staphylococcus spp. Bacteria, a Food Contaminant. Molecules 2021; 26:4590. [PMID: 34361741 PMCID: PMC8347484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their richness of bioactive substances, rose hips are a valuable raw material for obtaining extracts with potential antimicrobial activity. The aim of the study was to determine the antagonistic potential of whole pseudo-fruit and flesh extracts of three Rosa sp. varieties against Staphylococcus spp. bacteria isolated as food contaminants. The biological material in this study consisted of seven strains of bacteria from the genus Staphylococcus. Two strains-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 3270-were used as reference strains. The other five strains were food-derived isolates-S. epidermidis A5, S. xylosus M5, S. haemolyticus M6, S. capitis KR6, and S. warneri KR2A. The material was the pseudo-fruits of Rosa canina, Rosa pomifera Karpatia, and Rosa rugosa. The polyphenols were extracted from the fleshy part and the whole pseudo-fruit for all rose varieties. The tested preparations differed significantly in their polyphenol composition. The sum of polyphenols ranged from 28 862 to 35 358 mg/100 g of lyophilisate. The main groups of polyphenols found in the preparations were flavanols and ellagitannins. All of the tested extracts inhibited the growth of staphylococci at a concentration of 500 mg/mL. Rosa rugosa fruit extract showed the strongest antimicrobial properties among the studied extracts. For all the strains, the growth inhibition had a diameter of 20.3-29.0 mm. Moreover, six out of the seven tested strains showed the highest inhibition with the use of this extract. The MIC of rose extracts was in the range of 3.125-500 mg/mL and was strictly dependent on the bacterial species, the species of the rose, and the part of the fruit from which the extract was obtained. Correlations were assessed between the main groups of polyphenols in the extracts and their inhibition of bacterial growth. In the case of pseudo-fruit extracts, the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth positively correlated with the content of ellagitannins, and this effect was observed for almost all the tested strains. The results presented herein follow the current trend of minimising the use of chemical preservatives in food; from this point of view, rose extracts are very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Milala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Lidia Piekarska-Radzik
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Klewicki
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland; (M.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Bożena Matysiak
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Department of Applied Biology, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Klewicka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
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