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Wang L, Wu X, Wan Q, Yang Y, Gao C. Phloridzin reduces synovial hyperplasia and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis rat by modulating mTOR pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:111727. [PMID: 38636369 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease and management of it still a challenge. Given report evaluates protective effect of phlorizin on RA and also postulates the molecular mechanism of its action. Bovine type II collagen (CIA) and Freund's incomplete adjuvant (1:1 and 1 mg/ml) was administered on 1st and 8th day of protocol to induce RA in rats and treatment with phlorizin 60 and 120 mg/kg was started after 4th week of protocol. Level of inflammatory cytokines and expression of proteins were estimated in phlorizin treated RA rats. Moreover in-vitro study was performed on Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and effect of phlorizin was estimated on proliferation, apoptosis and expression of mTOR pathway protein after stimulating these cell lines with Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). Data of study suggest that phlorizin reduces inflammation and improves weight in CIA induced RA rats. Level of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and expression of Akt/PI3K/mTOR proteins in the join tissue was reduced in phlorizin treated RA rats. Phlorizin also reported to reverse the histopathological changes in the joint tissue of RA rats. In-vitro study supports that phlorizin reduces proliferation and no apoptotic effect on TNF-α stimulated FLSs. Expression of Akt/PI3K/mTOR proteins also downregulated in phlorizin treated TNF-α stimulated FLSs. In conclusion, phlorizin protects inflammation and reduces injury to the synovial tissues in RA, as it reduces autophagy by regulating Akt/PI3K/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Henan Province 473000, China.
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Henan Province 473000, China
| | - Quanhui Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Henan Province 473000, China
| | - Yuqiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Henan Province 473000, China
| | - Chaojie Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Henan Province 473000, China
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2
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Klementaviciute J, Zavistanaviciute P, Klupsaite D, Rocha JM, Gruzauskas R, Viskelis P, El Aouad N, Bartkiene E. Valorization of Dairy and Fruit/Berry Industry By-Products to Sustainable Marinades for Broilers' Wooden Breast Meat Quality Improvement. Foods 2024; 13:1367. [PMID: 38731738 PMCID: PMC11083194 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to improve the quality of wooden breast meat (WBM) via the use of newly developed marinades based on selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in combination with the by-products of the dairy and fruit/berry industries. Six distinct marinades were produced based on milk permeate (MP) fermented with Lacticaseibacillus casei (Lc) and Liquorilactobacillus uvarum (Lu) with the addition of apple (ApBp) and blackcurrant (BcBp) processing by-products. The microbiological and acidity parameters of the fermented marinades were evaluated. The effects of marinades on the microbiological, technical, and physicochemical properties of meat were assessed following 24 and 48 h of WBM treatment. It was established that LAB viable counts in marinades were higher than 7.00 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and, after 48 h of marination, enterobacteria and molds/yeasts in WBM were absent. Marinated (24 and 48 h) WBM showed lower dry-matter and protein content, as well as water holding capacity, and exhibited higher drip loss (by 8.76%) and cooking loss (by 12.3%) in comparison with controls. After WBM treatment, biogenic amines decreased; besides, the absence of spermidine and phenylethylamine was observed in meat marinated for 48 h with a marinade prepared with Lu. Overall, this study highlights the potential advantages of the developed sustainable marinades in enhancing the safety and quality attributes of WBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Klementaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.K.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.K.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.K.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Romas Gruzauskas
- Artificial Intelligence Centre, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Donelaicio Str. 73, LT-44249 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
| | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Route de rabat km 15 Gzenaya BP 365 Tanger, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan 92000, Morocco;
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.K.); (P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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3
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Li H, Li C, Shi C, Sameeh MY, Al-Asmari F, Cui H, Lin L. Transcriptome analysis reveals the inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on virulence expression of Staphylococcus aureus and its application in cooked chicken. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110647. [PMID: 38422678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxins have aroused great concern to food safety owing to its increased risk of food poisoning. The current research aimed to investigate the anti-virulence mechanisms of phloretin against S. aureus in terms of toxin activity and gene expression. The results indicated that phloretin could effectively inhibit the production of hemolysins and enterotoxins, and its anti-virulence effect was exerted in a concentration-dependent manner. Transcriptome results indicated that phloretin could downregulate the transcription level of majority virulence factors related genes (68 %) of S. aureus, including the quorum sensing-related genes (agrB, agrC, agrA, sspA, splF, splD and others) and bacterial secretion system-related genes (secDF, secY2, and yidC). In addition, it was speculated that phloretin was most likely to bind to the AgrA DNA binding domain, thereby affecting the expression of downstream virulence genes (hla, seb, spa, rot, geh, etc) based on molecular docking. Finally, the application in cooked chicken indicated that phloretin could effectively decrease the content of enterotoxins and improve the storage quality of cooked chicken. These findings not only evidenced the feasible anti-virulence activity of phloretin, but also provided a new strategy to prevent S. aureus food poisoning in cooked meat preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ce Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Manal Y Sameeh
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 25100, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Asmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China.
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Mahmoud AMA, Ali MHH, Abdelkarim MS, Al-Afify ADG. Chemical, biochemical, and bioactivity studies on some soda lakes, Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:436. [PMID: 38589724 PMCID: PMC11001755 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Wadi El-Natrun is one of the most observable geomorphological features in the North-Western Desert of Egypt; it contains several old saline and saline soda lakes. This study investigates physicochemical and biochemical characteristics and estimates the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TVC), and bioactivities of sediment, cyanobacteria, and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) in soda lakes, i.e., El-Hamra Lake 1 (H1) and El-Hamra Lake 2 (H2). These soda lakes are unique extreme ecosystems characterized by high pH (> 9.3), high alkalinity, and salinity. Some extremophilic microorganisms are hosted in this ecosystem. The results revealed that the chemical water type of studied lakes is soda-saline lakes according to the calculated percentage sequence of major cations and anions. Sodium ranked first among major cations with an abundance ratio of e% 58, while chloride came first among anions with an abundance ratio of e% 71, and bicarbonate and carbonate occupied the last rank with an abundance of 6%. The biochemical investigations showed that TPC and TVC are present in concern contents of sediment, cyanobacteria, and brine shrimp (A. salina) which contribute 89% of antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activities. Thus, this study helps better understand the chemical and biochemical adaptations in soda lake ecosystems and explores natural sources with potential applications in antioxidant-rich products and environmental conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed H H Ali
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Peeran SW, Murugan M, Doggalli N, Fageeh H, Ibrahim W, Al-Ak'hali MS, Basheer SN. Herbal Composite Preparation and Investigating its Efficiency to Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of Prevotella Intermedia and Porphyromonas Gingivalis - Formulation of Mouthwash Using a Herbal Composite and Evaluating its Anti-microbial Activity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1574-S1584. [PMID: 38882878 PMCID: PMC11174225 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_998_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbal composite preparation was studied with the aim of inhibiting the virulence factors of two dental pathogens: Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. A novel herbal composite was developed using the herbal extracts of Wrightia tinctoria and Bauhinia variegata. During the study, the following observations were noted. The minimal inhibitory concentration of Wrightia tinctoria and Bauhinia variegata composites (WBc) was obtained for the test concentration of 20 μg/ml (16 ± 0.57 mm and 15 ± 0.75 mm of inhibitory zones against Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively). Biofilm inhibition assay results revealed about 0.51 ± 1.25 mg/ml and 0.53 ± 0.57 mg/ml of minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. The effect of WBc on lactic acid production showed that 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml concentrates reduced up to 80% and 70% in Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Formulated herbal mouthwash showed good stability under all three different test conditions (5°C, 25°C, and 40°C) as the color, odor, phase separation, and homogeneity were not changed for the period of 3 months. The anti-bacterial activity of formulated mouthwash (30 μg/ml) exhibited maximum inhibitory zones of about 18 ± 0.75 mm and 19 ± 1.05 mm against the respective test bacteria - Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Amplification of mfa1 and clpB genes showed 246 bp and 294 bp fragments of P. gingivalis and 238 bp and 280 bp fragments of P. intermedia during agarose electrophoretic analysis. The docking report revealed -5.84 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found three hydrogen bonding between the quercetin and target protein, mfa1 of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The target protein, clpB of Prevotella intermedia, and quercetin had -6.72 Kcal/Mol binding energy and found four hydrogen bonds between them. The developed composite could be optimized in future to develop a novel and biocompatible herbal mouthwash for the prevention of different dental caries and gingival inflammation associated with dental biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Wali Peeran
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manohar Murugan
- Department of Microbiology, Sadakathullah Appa College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Hytham Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Ibrahim
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Sultan Al-Ak'hali
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nahid Basheer
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University, KSA
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6
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Mei X, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhai X, Yang Y, Li Z, Li L. Maternal Phlorizin Intake Protects Offspring from Maternal Obesity-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice via Targeting Gut Microbiota to Activate the SCFA-GPR43 Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4703-4725. [PMID: 38349207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders (MDs) in offspring, which can be mediated by the gut microbiota. Phlorizin (PHZ) can improve gut dysbiosis and positively affect host health; however, its transgenerational metabolic benefits remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential of maternal PHZ intake in attenuating the adverse impacts of a maternal high-fat diet on obesity-related MDs in dams and offspring. The results showed that maternal PHZ reduced HFD-induced body weight gain and fat accumulation and improved glucose intolerance and abnormal lipid profiles in both dams and offspring. PHZ improved gut dysbiosis by promoting expansion of SCFA-producing bacteria, Akkermansia and Blautia, while inhibiting LPS-producing and pro-inflammatory bacteria, resulting in significantly increased fecal SCFAs, especially butyric acid, and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide levels and intestinal inflammation. PHZ also promoted intestinal GLP-1/2 secretion and intestinal development and enhanced gut barrier function by activating G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) in the offspring. Antibiotic-treated mice receiving FMT from PHZ-regulated offspring could attenuate MDs induced by receiving FMT from HFD offspring through the gut microbiota to activate the GPR43 pathway. It can be regarded as a promising functional food ingredient for preventing intergenerational transmission of MDs and breaking the obesity cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Mei
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Yi Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Xiwen Zhai
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengjuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
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7
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Moawad F, Le Meur M, Ruel Y, Gaëlle Roullin V, Pouliot R, Brambilla D. Impact of the crystal size of crystalline active pharmaceutical compounds on loading into microneedles. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123676. [PMID: 38056795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology offers a promising platform for the delivery of a wide variety of active pharmaceutical compounds into and/or through the skin. Yet, the low loading capacity of MNs limits their clinical translation. The solid state of loaded compounds, crystallinity versus amorphousness and crystal size of the former, could greatly affect their loading. Here, we investigated the effect of the crystal size of crystalline compounds on their loading into dissolving MNs, prepared using the solvent-casting technique. A model crystalline compound was subjected to crystal size reduction via wet bead milling and loaded into dissolving MNs. A range of crystal sizes, from micro to nano, was obtained via different milling periods. The obtained crystals were characterized for their size, morphology, and sedimentation behavior. Besides, their content, solid state inside the MNs, and impact on the MN mechanical strength were assessed. The crystals exhibited size-dependent sedimentation, which dramatically affected their loading inside the MNs. However, crystal size and sedimentation demonstrated a negligible effect on the mechanical strength and sharpness of the needles, hence no anticipated impact on the MNs' drug delivery efficiency. The elucidation of the correlation between the crystal size and MN loading opens new potentials to address a major drawback in MN technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Moawad
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Marion Le Meur
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yasmine Ruel
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Roxane Pouliot
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Rates ADB, Cesarino I. Pour some sugar on me: The diverse functions of phenylpropanoid glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154138. [PMID: 38006622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid metabolism is the source of a vast array of specialized metabolites that play diverse functions in plant growth and development and contribute to all aspects of plant interactions with their surrounding environment. These compounds protect plants from damaging ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species, provide mechanical support for the plants to stand upright, and mediate plant-plant and plant-microorganism communications. The enormous metabolic diversity of phenylpropanoids is further expanded by chemical modifications known as "decorative reactions", including hydroxylation, methylation, glycosylation, and acylation. Among these modifications, glycosylation is the major driving force of phenylpropanoid structural diversification, also contributing to the expansion of their properties. Phenylpropanoid glycosylation is catalyzed by regioselective uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), whereas glycosyl hydrolases known as β-glucosidases are the major players in deglycosylation. In this article, we review how the glycosylation process affects key physicochemical properties of phenylpropanoids, such as molecular stability and solubility, as well as metabolite compartmentalization/storage and biological activity/toxicity. We also summarize the recent knowledge on the functional implications of glycosylation of different classes of phenylpropanoid compounds. A balance of glycosylation/deglycosylation might represent an essential molecular mechanism to regulate phenylpropanoid homeostasis, allowing plants to dynamically respond to diverse environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur de Barros Rates
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil; Synthetic and Systems Biology Center, InovaUSP, Avenida Professor Lucio Martins Rodrigues 370, 05508-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Wang S, Li C, Zhang L, Sun B, Cui Y, Sang F. Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117454. [PMID: 37659218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation. Natural chalcones, the flavonoids consisting of two phenolic rings and a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and so on. Due to their potent antibacterial properties, natural chalcones possess the potential to become a new treatment for infectious diseases that circumvents existing antibiotic resistance. Currently, the majority of research on natural chalcones focuses on their synthesis, biological and pharmacological activities, etc. A few studies have been conducted on their antibacterial activity and mechanism. Therefore, this review focuses on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of seventeen natural chalcones. Firstly, seventeen natural chalcones have been classified based on differences in antibacterial mechanisms. Secondly, a summary of the isolation and biological activity of seventeen natural chalcones was provided, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thirdly, the antibacterial mechanisms of natural chalcones were summarized, including those that act on bacterial cell membranes, biological macromolecules, biofilms, and quorum sensing systems. This review aims to lay the groundwork for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents based on chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
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10
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Mehrabkhani M, Movahhed T, Arefnezhad M, Hamedi S, Faramarzian F. Antimicrobial effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of apple with and without zinc oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus Mutans. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11623. [PMID: 37753783 PMCID: PMC10811637 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. Vs.golab, with and without ZnO nanoparticles) on Streptococcus Mutans bacterium compared to 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Persica and suspension of ZnO nanoparticles. Study samples were examined in the groups of apple hydro-alcoholic extract with and without addition of ZnO nanoparticles, a positive control group (Chlorhexidine 0.2%, Persica and suspension of ZnO nanoparticles), and a negative control group (distilled water). In this experiment, a concentration of 500 PPM of ZnO nanoparticles with a diameter of 0.4 nm was used. Agar diffusion method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of apple hydro-alcoholic extract with and without adding ZnO nanoparticles. The concentrations used were 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml. ANOVA statistical test was used to compare the average in the study groups. According to our results, hydro-alcoholic extract of apples alone had no effect on the target bacteria in any of the concentrations. In the group of apple hydro-alcoholic extract with ZnO nanoparticles, the mean inhibition zone was 13 mm at a concentration of 25 mg/ml. 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Persica and suspension of ZnO nanoparticles was observed with the mean inhibition zone of 20 mm, 16 mm and 15 mm, respectively. Hydro-alcoholic extract of apple with addition of ZnO nanoparticles in concentration of 25mg/ml, had growth inhibitory effect on Streptococcus Mutans, but it was not remarkably efficient in comparison with Chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mehrabkhani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad.
| | - Taraneh Movahhed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad.
| | - Mohsen Arefnezhad
- Kashmar School of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad.
| | - Shokouhsadat Hamedi
- Department of Clinical Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad.
| | - Farnaz Faramarzian
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan.
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11
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Mandalari G, Minuti A, La Camera E, Barreca D, Romeo O, Nostro A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Effect of Phloretin on Biofilm Formation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:303. [PMID: 37493762 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are known to be responsible of various infections, including biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze 19 strains of S. aureus from orthopedic sites in terms of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility against 13 selected antibiotics, slime/biofilm formation, molecular analysis of specific antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, cfr, rpoB), and biofilm-associated genes (icaADBC operon). Furthermore, the effect of phloretin on the production of biofilm was evaluated on 8 chosen isolates. The susceptibility test confirmed almost all strains were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin. Most strains possess the mecA, whereas none of the strains had the cfr gene. Four strains (1, 7, 10, and 24) presented single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rpoB, which confer rifampicin resistance. IcaD was detected in all tested strains, whereas icaR was only found in two strains (24 and 30). Phloretin had a dose-dependent effect on biofilm production. Specifically, 0.5 × MIC determined biofilm inhibition in 5 out of 8 strains (8, 24, 25, 27, 30), whereas an increase in biofilm production was detected with phloretin at the 0.125 × MIC across all tested strains. These data are useful to potentially develop novel compounds against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Minuti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Mirpoor SF, Patanè GT, Corrado I, Giosafatto CVL, Ginestra G, Nostro A, Foti A, Gucciardi PG, Mandalari G, Barreca D, Gervasi T, Pezzella C. Functionalization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-Based Bioplastic with Phloretin for Active Food Packaging: Characterization of Its Mechanical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11628. [PMID: 37511387 PMCID: PMC10380886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formulation of eco-friendly biodegradable packaging has received great attention during the last decades as an alternative to traditional widespread petroleum-based food packaging. With this aim, we designed and tested the properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)-based bioplastics functionalized with phloretin as far as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and morpho-mechanic features are concerned. Mechanical and hydrophilicity features investigations revealed a mild influence of phloretin on the novel materials as a function of the concentration utilized (5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mg) with variation in FTIR e RAMAN spectra as well as in mechanical properties. Functionalization of PHA-based polymers resulted in the acquisition of the antioxidant activity (in a dose-dependent manner) tested by DPPH, TEAC, FRAR, and chelating assays, and in a decrease in the growth of food-borne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932). Finally, apple samples were packed in the functionalized PHA films for 24, 48, and 72 h, observing remarkable effects on the stabilization of apple samples. The results open the possibility to utilize phloretin as a functionalizing agent for bioplastic formulation, especially in relation to food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Tancredi Patanè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Iolanda Corrado
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Foti
- CNR IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98156 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro G Gucciardi
- CNR IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98156 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
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13
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Rudin L, Bornstein MM, Shyp V. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans by natural flavonoid phloretin. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2230711. [PMID: 37416858 PMCID: PMC10321187 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2230711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect and mechanism of action of the flavonoid phloretin on the growth and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration, viability, and biofilm susceptibility assays were conducted to assess antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of phloretin. Biofilm composition and structure were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Water-soluble (WSG) and water-insoluble glucan (WIG) were determined using anthrone method. Lactic acid measurements and acid tolerance assay were performed to assess acidogenicity and aciduricity. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of virulence genes essential for surface attachment, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Results Phloretin inhibited S. mutans growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it reduced gtfB and gtfC gene expression, correlating with the reduction of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS)/bacteria and WIG/WSG ratio. Inhibition of comED and luxS gene expression, involved in stress tolerance, was associated with compromised acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans. Conclusions Phloretin exhibits antibacterial properties against S. mutans, modulates acid production and tolerance, and reduces biofilm formation. Clinical significance Phloretin is a promising natural compound with pronounced inhibitory effect on key virulence factors of the cariogenic pathogen, S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rudin
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael M. Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Head of the Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriya Shyp
- Postdoctoral Researcher. Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Omoruyi BE, Volschenk H, Gelderblom WCA, Lilly M. Biocontrol of Fusarium Species Utilizing Indigenous Rooibos and Honeybush Extracts. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0274222. [PMID: 37222581 PMCID: PMC10269529 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02742-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by several Fusarium species have a significant effect on reducing maize yield and grain quality and have led to food safety concerns. The antifungal activities of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) tea extracts reduced the growth of plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, but their efficacy against Fusarium spp. is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of fermented and unfermented rooibos (A. linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) aqueous extracts as well as green tea (Camellia sinensis) against 10 Fusarium species. Conidial viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy dyes, ATP production was determined using the BacTiter-Glo assay, the mode of action was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantification of polyphenols was done using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Fermented rooibos extract demonstrated the highest antifungal activity (P < 0.0001) against Fusarium verticillioides MRC 826-E, Fusarium subglutinans MRC 8553, Fusarium proliferatum MRC 8549, and Fusarium globosum MRC 6647, with only 9.53%, 9.26%, 11.0%, and 12.7% ATP production, respectively, followed by antifungal activity of the fermented C. subternata extract against F. subglutinans MRC 8553, F. subglutinans MRC 8554, F. proliferatum MRC 8550, and F. verticillioides MRC 826-E with 3.79%, 6.04%, 6.04%, and 8.40% ATP production, respectively. Extract-treated conidia examined by SEM exhibited disruption of conidial hyphae and collapsed spores. Overall, the fermented rooibos and C. subternata extracts showed higher antifungal activity against the Fusarium species than the unfermented extracts. IMPORTANCE In maize subsistence farming areas in South Africa, daily consumption of maize contaminated by high level of mycotoxins contributes to long-term health effects such as immune deficiency and cancer. Biocontrol methods that are safe and cost-effective are critical to addressing this public health problem. Plant extracts known as biocides or green pesticides are alternatives to chemical pesticides due to their safety and eco-friendly properties. In South Africa, rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) contain polyphenols with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These indigenous herbal teas are widely available and consumed in South Africa and have potential as an innovative approach to reduce mycotoxin levels and, subsequently, human and animal exposure to these toxins. This study evaluates the efficacy of the antifungal activities of several aqueous extracts prepared from fermented and unfermented rooibos (A. linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia subternata), and green tea (Camellia sinensis) on 10 Fusarium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beauty E. Omoruyi
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariska Lilly
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Lu Z, Chen H, Mo J, Yuan X, Wang D, Zheng X, Zhu W. Cocrystal of phloretin with isoniazid: preparation, characterization, and evaluation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10914-10922. [PMID: 37033443 PMCID: PMC10077513 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloretin (Phl) is a natural flavonoid compound with wide range of biological activities but demonstrates poor water solubility and limited pharmacological effects. In this study, one cocrystal of phloretin-isoniazid (Phl-Inz) was prepared successfully using the solvent evaporation method. The physical properties of cocrystal were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The Hirshfeld surface analysis explained further interactions in the cocrystal. The solubility test showed that the solubility of the cocrystal was increased at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 compared to that of the pure drug. The test in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that the release of phloretin in the cocrystal was better than that in the pure phloretin. The results of the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity showed that the in vitro antioxidant activity of the cocrystal was improved. The anticancer assay exhibited improved cytotoxicity in the Phl-Inz cocrystal as compared with the pure Phl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Hankun Chen
- Research and Development Department, Guangzhou Qinglan Biotechnology Company Limited Guangzhou China
| | - Jiaxin Mo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Dawei Wang
- ShunDe Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Foshan China
| | - Xianhui Zheng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
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16
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Kapoor S, Padwad YS. Phloretin induces G2/M arrest and apoptosis by suppressing the β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma cells. Apoptosis 2023; 28:810-829. [PMID: 36884140 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer, causing a significant mortality worldwide. Present available therapies are surgery, chemotherapy including radiotherapy, and these are known to be associated with heavy side effects. Therefore, nutritional intervention in the form of natural polyphenols has been well recognised to prevent CRC. Phloretin, a known dihydrochalcone is present in apple, pear and strawberry. This has been proven to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, thus can be explored as a potential anticancer nutraceutical agent. This study demonstrated phloretin's significant in vitro anticancer activity against CRC. Phloretin suppressed cell proliferation, colony forming ability and cellular migration in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 and SW-480 cells. Results also revealed that phloretin generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) which provoked depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and further contributed to cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells. Phloretin also modulated the cell cycle regulators including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and halted cell cycle at G2/M phase. Moreover, it also induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bax and BCl-2. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling is inactivated by phloretin by targeting the downstream oncogenes namely CyclinD1, c-Myc and Survivin which are involved in the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. In our study we showed that lithium chloride (LiCl) induced the expression of β-catenin and its target genes and the co-treatment of phloretin circumvent its effect and downregulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, our results strongly suggested that phloretin can be utilized as a nutraceutical anticancer agent for combating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kapoor
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Palampur, 176 061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Himachal Pradesh, Palampur, 176 061, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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17
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Zhai X, Wu G, Tao X, Yang S, Lv L, Zhu Y, Dong D, Xiang H. Success stories of natural product-derived compounds from plants as multidrug resistance modulators in microorganisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7798-7817. [PMID: 36909750 PMCID: PMC9994607 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms evolve resistance to antibiotics as a function of evolution. Antibiotics have accelerated bacterial resistance through mutations and acquired resistance through a combination of factors. In some cases, multiple antibiotic-resistant determinants are encoded in these genes, immediately making the recipient organism a "superbug". Current antimicrobials are no longer effective against infections caused by pathogens that have developed antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the problem has become a crisis. Microorganisms that acquire resistance to chemotherapy (multidrug resistance) are a major obstacle for successful treatments. Pharmaceutical industries should be highly interested in natural product-derived compounds, as they offer new sources of chemical entities for the development of new drugs. Phytochemical research and recent experimental advances are discussed in this review in relation to the antimicrobial efficacy of selected natural product-derived compounds as well as details of synergistic mechanisms and structures. The present review recognizesand amplifies the importance of compounds with natural origins, which can be used to create safer and more effective antimicrobial drugs by combating microorganisms that are resistant to multiple types of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Guoyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China
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18
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The Molecular Pharmacology of Phloretin: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Action. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010143. [PMID: 36672652 PMCID: PMC9855955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of phlorizin from the bark of an apple tree in 1835 led to a flurry of research on its inhibitory effect on glucose transporters in the intestine and kidney. Using phlorizin as a prototype drug, antidiabetic agents with more selective inhibitory activity towards glucose transport at the kidney have subsequently been developed. In contrast, its hydrolysis product in the body, phloretin, which is also found in the apple plant, has weak antidiabetic properties. Phloretin, however, displays a range of pharmacological effects including antibacterial, anticancer, and cellular and organ protective properties both in vitro and in vivo. In this communication, the molecular basis of its anti-inflammatory mechanisms that attribute to its pharmacological effects is scrutinised. These include inhibiting the signalling pathways of inflammatory mediators' expression that support its suppressive effect in immune cells overactivation, obesity-induced inflammation, arthritis, endothelial, myocardial, hepatic, renal and lung injury, and inflammation in the gut, skin, and nervous system, among others.
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19
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SUSILO B, SETYAWAN HY, PRIANTI DD, HANDAYANI MLW, ROHIM A. Extraction of bioactive components on Indonesian seagrass (Syringodium isoetifolium) using green emerging technology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.086722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bambang SUSILO
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
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20
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Dihydrochalcones in Sweet Tea: Biosynthesis, Distribution and Neuroprotection Function. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248794. [PMID: 36557927 PMCID: PMC9782792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sweet tea is a popular herbal drink in southwest China, and it is usually made from the shoots and tender leaves of Lithocarpus litseifolius. The sweet taste is mainly attributed to its high concentration of dihydrochalcones. The distribution and biosynthesis of dihydrochaldones in sweet tea, as well as neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo tests, are reviewed in this paper. Dihydrochalones are mainly composed of phloretin and its glycosides, namely, trilobatin and phloridzin, and enriched in tender leaves with significant geographical specificity. Biosynthesis of the dihydrochalones follows part of the phenylpropanoid and a branch of flavonoid metabolic pathways and is regulated by expression of the genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase, trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA double bond reductase. The dihydrochalones have been proven to exert a significant neuroprotective effect through their regulation against Aβ deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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21
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Nakhate KT, Badwaik H, Choudhary R, Sakure K, Agrawal YO, Sharma C, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development of a Multitargeted Flavonoid Phloretin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173638. [PMID: 36079895 PMCID: PMC9460114 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloretin is a flavonoid of the dihydrogen chalcone class, present abundantly in apples and strawberries. The beneficial effects of phloretin are mainly associated with its potent antioxidant properties. Phloretin modulates several signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms to exhibit therapeutic benefits against various diseases including cancers, diabetes, liver injury, kidney injury, encephalomyelitis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, arthritis, and cognitive impairment. It ameliorates the complications associated with diabetes such as cardiomyopathy, hypertension, depression, memory impairment, delayed wound healing, and peripheral neuropathy. It is effective against various microbial infections including Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Considering the therapeutic benefits, it generated interest for the pharmaceutical development. However, poor oral bioavailability is the major drawback. Therefore, efforts have been undertaken to enhance its bioavailability by modifying physicochemical properties and molecular structure, and developing nanoformulations. In the present review, we discussed the pharmacological actions, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of phloretin. Moreover, the review provides insights into physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and approaches to promote the pharmaceutical development of phloretin for its therapeutic applications in the future. Although convincing experimental data are reported, human studies are not available. In order to ascertain its safety, further preclinical studies are needed to encourage its pharmaceutical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik T. Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Badwaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yogeeta O. Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (S.N.G.)
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22
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Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMF, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:603-616. [PMID: 35959705 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammageing is a persistent low-level inflammatory burden that accompanies age-related dysregulation of the immune system during normative aging and within the diseasome of aging. A healthy diet containing a balanced amount of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, adequate in calories and rich in poly(phenols), has an essential role in mitigating the effects of inflammageing and extending healthspan through modulation of the activity of a range of factors. These include transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), the inflammasome and the activities of the gut microbiota. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the potential of food to ameliorate the effects of the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Advanced Coatings with Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity for Kumquat Preservation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152363. [PMID: 35954129 PMCID: PMC9367912 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An active coating is one of the best ways to maintain the good quality and sensory properties of fruits. A new active coating was prepared by incorporating curcumin and phloretin into the konjac glucomannan matrix (KGM-Cur-Phl). The fourier infrared spectroscopy, rheology and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the successful fabrication of this coating. This coating showed excellent antioxidant activity revealed by the 95.03% of ABTS radicals scavenging ratio and 99.67% of DPPH radicals scavenging ratio. The result of bacteria growth curves showed that it could effectively inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. The results of firmness, titratable acid and pH showed that it effectively prolonged the shelf life of kumquat. A novel konjac glucomannan-based active coating was provided.
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Itou da Silva FS, Veiga Bizerra PF, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Klosowski EM, Lima de Souza BT, Moreira da Costa Menezes PV, Alves Bueno PS, Nanami LF, Marchiosi R, Dantas Dos Santos W, Ferrarese-Filho O, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Constantin RP. The metabolic and toxic acute effects of phloretin in the rat liver. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 364:110054. [PMID: 35872042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study sought to evaluate the acute effects of phloretin (PH) on metabolic pathways involved in the maintenance of glycemia, specifically gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, in the perfused rat liver. The acute effects of PH on energy metabolism and toxicity parameters in isolated hepatocytes and mitochondria, as well as its effects on the activity of a few key enzymes, were also evaluated. PH inhibited gluconeogenesis from different substrates, stimulated glycogenolysis and glycolysis, and altered oxygen consumption. The citric acid cycle activity was inhibited by PH under gluconeogenic conditions. Similarly, PH reduced the cellular ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios under gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic conditions. In isolated mitochondria, PH inhibited the electron transport chain and the FoF1-ATP synthase complex as well as acted as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibiting the synthesis of ATP. PH also decreased the activities of malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Part of the bioenergetic effects observed in isolated mitochondria was shown in isolated hepatocytes, in which PH inhibited mitochondrial respiration and decreased ATP levels. An aggravating aspect might be the finding that PH promotes the net oxidation of NADH, which contradicts the conventional belief that the compound operates as an antioxidant. Although trypan blue hepatocyte viability tests revealed substantial losses in cell viability over 120 min of incubation, PH did not promote extensive enzyme leakage from injured cells. In line with this effect, only after a lengthy period of infusion did PH considerably stimulate the release of enzymes into the effluent perfusate of livers. In conclusion, the increased glucose release caused by enhanced glycogenolysis, along with suppression of gluconeogenesis, is the opposite of what is predicted for antihyperglycemic agents. These effects were caused in part by disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, a result that should be considered when using PH for therapeutic purposes, particularly over long periods and in large doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sayuri Itou da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Shigueaki Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renato Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Makiyama Klosowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Byanca Thais Lima de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Letícia Fernanda Nanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Dantas Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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25
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Smailagić D, Banjac N, Ninković S, Savić J, Ćosić T, Pěnčík A, Ćalić D, Bogdanović M, Trajković M, Stanišić M. New Insights Into the Activity of Apple Dihydrochalcone Phloretin: Disturbance of Auxin Homeostasis as Physiological Basis of Phloretin Phytotoxic Action. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:875528. [PMID: 35873993 PMCID: PMC9302884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.875528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Apple species are the unique naturally rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic compounds with an elusive role in planta, but suggested auto-allelochemical features related to "apple replant disease" (ARD). Our aim was to elucidate the physiological basis of the phytotoxic action of dihydrochalcone phloretin in the model plant Arabidopsis and to promote phloretin as a new prospective eco-friendly phytotoxic compound. Phloretin treatment induced a significant dose-dependent growth retardation and severe morphological abnormalities and agravitropic behavior in Arabidopsis seedlings. Histological examination revealed a reduced starch content in the columella cells and a serious disturbance in root architecture, which resulted in the reduction in length of meristematic and elongation zones. Significantly disturbed auxin metabolome profile in roots with a particularly increased content of IAA accumulated in the lateral parts of the root apex, accompanied by changes in the expression of auxin biosynthetic and transport genes, especially PIN1, PIN3, PIN7, and ABCB1, indicates the role of auxin in physiological basis of phloretin-induced growth retardation. The results reveal a disturbance of auxin homeostasis as the main mechanism of phytotoxic action of phloretin. This mechanism makes phloretin a prospective candidate for an eco-friendly bioherbicide and paves the way for further research of phloretin role in ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Smailagić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Banjac
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ninković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Savić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćosić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Dušica Ćalić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Bogdanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Trajković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariana Stanišić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yang R, Li J, Wang J, Wang Y, Ma F, Zhai R, Li P. Kaempferol inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori in a manner distinct from antibiotics. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14210. [PMID: 35484877 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric disorders. In this study, the anti-H. pylori capacity of natural products from "Winter Red" crabapple flowers were evaluated, including flavonoids, organic acids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. Among these products, kaempferol showed the highest antibacterial capacity. Structure-activity relationship assays indicated that all hydroxyls contributed to the antibacterial capacity of kaempferol, with the most important being hydroxyls in the A-ring. Kaempferol had comparable anti-H. pylori capacities to clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Both kaempferol and the two antibiotics might damage the cell membrane of H. pylori. However, the RNA-sequence assay demonstrated that their antibacterial mechanisms were different. The ATP-binding cassette transporters, flagellar assembly, and fatty acid metabolism were the major pathways in H. pylori cells responding to kaempferol treatment. We suggest that crabapple containing abundant kaempferol may benefit humans by inhibiting gastric H. pylori. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The anti-Helicobacter pylori capacity of natural products including flavonoids, organic acids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids from "Winter Red" crabapple flowers were evaluated in the present study. Among these products, kaempferol showed the highest antibacterial capacity. More importantly, kaempferol had comparable anti-H. pylori capacities to clarithromycin and amoxicillin, but in a manner distinct from the antibiotics. We suggest that crabapple flowers containing abundant kaempferol may be processed into various products for the patients who have gastric disorders caused by H. pylori. Or the extracted kaempferol from crabapples or other plants could be tested for the clinical treatment of gastric H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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27
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Tian S, Yang Y, Wu T, Luo C, Li X, Zhao X, Xi W, Liu X, Zeng M. Functional Characterization of a Flavone Synthase That Participates in a Kumquat Flavone Metabolon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:826780. [PMID: 35310637 PMCID: PMC8924551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavones predominantly accumulate as O- and C-glycosides in kumquat plants. Two catalytic mechanisms of flavone synthase II (FNSII) support the biosynthesis of glycosyl flavones, one involving flavanone 2-hydroxylase (which generates 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation) and another involving the direct catalysis of flavanones to flavones for O-glycosylation. However, FNSII has not yet been characterized in kumquats. In this study, we identified two kumquat FNSII genes (FcFNSII-1 and FcFNSII-2), based on transcriptome and bioinformatics analysis. Data from in vivo and in vitro assays showed that FcFNSII-2 directly synthesized apigenin and acacetin from naringenin and isosakuranetin, respectively, whereas FcFNSII-1 showed no detectable catalytic activities with flavanones. In agreement, transient overexpression of FcFNSII-2 in kumquat peels significantly enhanced the transcription of structural genes of the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway and the accumulation of several O-glycosyl flavones. Moreover, studying the subcellular localizations of FcFNSII-1 and FcFNSII-2 demonstrated that N-terminal membrane-spanning domains were necessary to ensure endoplasmic reticulum localization and anchoring. Protein-protein interaction analyses, using the split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence-complementation assays, revealed that FcFNSII-2 interacted with chalcone synthase 1, chalcone synthase 2, and chalcone isomerase-like proteins. The results provide strong evidence that FcFNSII-2 serves as a nucleation site for an O-glycosyl flavone metabolon that channels flavanones for O-glycosyl flavone biosynthesis in kumquat fruits. They have implications for guiding genetic engineering efforts aimed at enhancing the composition of bioactive flavonoids in kumquat fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Liu,
| | - Ming Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Ming Zeng, ;
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28
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He JR, Zhu JJ, Yin SW, Yang XQ. Bioaccessibility and intracellular antioxidant activity of phloretin embodied by gliadin/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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da Silva LC, Viganó J, de Souza Mesquita LM, Dias ALB, de Souza MC, Sanches VL, Chaves JO, Pizani RS, Contieri LS, Rostagno MA. Recent advances and trends in extraction techniques to recover polyphenols compounds from apple by-products. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2021; 12:100133. [PMID: 34632369 PMCID: PMC8493574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apple by-products are a source of phenolic compounds associated with bioactivities. Apple processing industries generate by-products that could be better used. This work provides an up-to-date literature overview on extraction techniques. Gaps and future trends related to apple by-products are critically presented.
Apple is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide and has recognized nutritional properties. Besides being consumed fresh, it is the raw material for several food products, whose production chain generates a considerable amount of by-products that currently have an underestimated use. These by-products are a rich source of chemical compounds with several potential applications. Therefore, new ambitious platforms focused on reusing are needed, targeting a process chain that achieves well-defined products and mitigates waste generation. This review covers an essential part of the apple by-products reuse chain. The apple composition regarding phenolic compounds subclasses is addressed and related to biological activities. The extraction processes to recover apple biocompounds have been revised, and an up-to-date overview of the scientific literature on conventional and emerging extraction techniques adopted over the past decade is reported. Finally, gaps and future trends related to the management of apple by-products are critically presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise C da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur L Baião Dias
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana C de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Sanches
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaisa O Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Pizani
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Contieri
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
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Muller CJF, Joubert E, Chellan N, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. New Insights into the Efficacy of Aspalathin and Other Related Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010356. [PMID: 35008779 PMCID: PMC8745648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of bioactive phytochemicals as a therapeutic strategy to manage metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), aspalathin, C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), has received much attention, along with its C-glucosyl flavone derivatives and phlorizin, the apple O-glucosyl dihydrochalcone well-known for its antidiabetic properties. We provided context for dietary exposure by highlighting dietary sources, compound stability during processing, bioavailability and microbial biotransformation. The review covered the role of these compounds in attenuating insulin resistance and enhancing glucose metabolism, alleviating gut dysbiosis and associated oxidative stress and inflammation, and hyperuricemia associated with T2D, focusing largely on the literature of the past 5 years. A key focus of this review was on emerging targets in the management of T2D, as highlighted in the recent literature, including enhancing of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 signaling via protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, increasing glycolysis with suppression of gluconeogenesis by sirtuin modulation, and reducing renal glucose reabsorption via sodium-glucose co-transporter 2. We conclude that biotransformation in the gut is most likely responsible for enhancing therapeutic effects observed for the C-glycosyl parent compounds, including aspalathin, and that these compounds and their derivatives have the potential to regulate multiple factors associated with the development and progression of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (C.J.F.M.); (N.C.)
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa;
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (C.J.F.M.); (N.C.)
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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31
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McLoone P, Zhumbayeva A, Yunussova S, Kaliyev Y, Yevstafeva L, Verrall S, Sungurtas J, Austin C, Allwood JW, McDougall GJ. Identification of components in Kazakhstan honeys that correlate with antimicrobial activity against wound and skin infecting microorganisms. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:300. [PMID: 34930218 PMCID: PMC8690519 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial drug resistance is a major public health threat that can render infections including wound and skin infections untreatable. The discovery of new antimicrobials is critical. Approaches to discover novel antimicrobial therapies have included investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural sources such as honey. In this study, the anti-microbial activity and chemical composition of 12 honeys from Kazakhstan and medical grade manuka honey were investigated. Methods Agar well diffusion and broth culture assays were used to determine anti-microbial activity against a range of skin and wound infecting micro-organisms. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenol content of the honeys and non-targeted liquid chromatography analysis was performed to identify components that correlated with antimicrobial activity. Results In the well diffusion assay, the most susceptible micro-organisms were a clinical isolate of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433). Buckwheat & multi-floral honey from Kazakhstan demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against these two micro-organisms. Kazakhstan honeys with a buckwheat floral source, and manuka honey had the highest total phenol content. Non-targeted liquid chromatography analysis identified components that correlated with anti-microbial activity as hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, p-coumaric acid, (1H)–quinolinone, and abscisic acid. Conclusions The Kazakhstan honeys selected in this study demonstrated antimicrobial activity against wound and skin infecting micro-organisms. Compounds identified as correlating with antimicrobial activity could be considered as potential bioactive agents for the treatment of wound and skin infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03466-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline McLoone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000.
| | - Aizhan Zhumbayeva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000
| | - Sofiya Yunussova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000
| | - Yerkhat Kaliyev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr 53, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, 0100000
| | - Ludmila Yevstafeva
- Medical Microbiology, Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Susan Verrall
- Information and Computational Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Julie Sungurtas
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Ceri Austin
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - J Will Allwood
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gordon J McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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32
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Birru RL, Bein K, Bondarchuk N, Wells H, Lin Q, Di YP, Leikauf GD. Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Apple Polyphenol Phloretin on Respiratory Pathogens Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:652944. [PMID: 34881190 PMCID: PMC8645934 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.652944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections contribute to accelerated progression and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Apples have been associated with reduced symptoms of COPD and disease development due to their polyphenolic content. We examined if phloretin, an apple polyphenol, could inhibit bacterial growth and inflammation induced by the main pathogens associated with COPD. Phloretin displayed bacteriostatic and anti-biofilm activity against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro, phloretin inhibited NTHi adherence to NCI-H292 cells, a respiratory epithelial cell line. Phloretin also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in COPD pathogen-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells derived from normal and COPD diseased lungs. In mice, NTHi bacterial load and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), a neutrophil chemoattractant, was attenuated by a diet supplemented with phloretin. Our data suggests that phloretin is a promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory nutraceutical for reducing bacterial-induced injury in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel L Birru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kiflai Bein
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalya Bondarchuk
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Ergüden B, Ünver Y. Phenolic chalcones lead to ion leakage from Gram-positive bacteria prior to cell death. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:3. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang C, Xie L, Ma Y, Cai X, Yue G, Qin G, Zhang M, Gong G, Chang X, Qiu X, Luo L, Chen H. Study on the fungicidal mechanism of glabridin against Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 179:104963. [PMID: 34802513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin is a natural plant-derived compound that has been widely used in medicine and cosmetic applications. However, the fungicidal mechanism of glabridin against phytopathogens remains unclear. In this study, we determined the biological activity and physiological effects of glabridin against F. graminearum. Then the differentially expressed proteins of F. graminearum were screened. The EC50 values of glabridin in inhibiting the mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. graminearum were 110.70 mg/L and 40.47 mg/L respectively. Glabridin-induced cell membrane damage was indicated by morphological observations, DiBAC4(3) and PI staining, and measurements of relative conductivity, ergosterol content and respiratory rates. These assays revealed that the integrity of the membrane was destroyed, the content of ergosterol decreased, and the respiratory rate was inhibited. A proteomics analysis showed that 186 proteins were up-regulated and 195 proteins were down-regulated. Mechanically sensitive ion channel proteins related to transmembrane transport and ergosterol biosynthesis ERG4/ERG24, related to ergosterol synthesis were blocked. It is speculated that glabridin acts on ergosterol synthesis-related proteins to destroy the integrity of the cell membrane, resulting in abnormal transmembrane transport and an increased membrane potential. Finally, the morphology of mycelia was seriously deformed, growth and development were inhibited. As a result death was even induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Linjun Xie
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuqing Ma
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xuewei Cai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guizhou Yue
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guangwei Qin
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huabao Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Santos CA, Lima EMF, Franco BDGDM, Pinto UM. Exploring Phenolic Compounds as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in Foodborne Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:735931. [PMID: 34594318 PMCID: PMC8477669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria stimulates the search for new substitutes to traditional antimicrobial agents, especially molecules with antivirulence properties, such as those that interfere with quorum sensing (QS). This study aimed to evaluate the potential of phenolic compounds for QS inhibition in a QS biosensor strain (Chromobacterium violaceum) and three foodborne bacterial species (Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella enterica serovar Montevideo, and Serratia marcescens). Initially, an in silico molecular docking study was performed to select the compounds with the greatest potential for QS inhibition, using structural variants of the CviR QS regulator of C. violaceum as target. Curcumin, capsaicin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and phloridizin presented good affinity to at least four CviR structural variants. These phenolic compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity, inhibition of biofilm formation, and anti-QS activity. The antimicrobial activity when combined with kanamycin was also assessed. Curcumin, capsaicin, and resveratrol inhibited up to 50% of violacein production by C. violaceum. Biofilm formation was inhibited by resveratrol up to 80% in A. hydrophila, by capsaicin and curcumin up to 40% in S. Montevideo and by resveratrol and capsaicin up to 60% in S. marcescens. Curcumin completely inhibited swarming motility in S. marcescens. Additionally, curcumin and resveratrol increased the sensitivity of the tested bacteria to kanamycin. These results indicate that curcumin and resveratrol at concentrations as low as 6μM are potential quorum sensing inhibitors besides having antimicrobial properties at higher concentrations, encouraging applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cui SM, Li T, Liang HY, He KK, Zheng YM, Tang M, Ke CR, Song LY. Antibacterial activities and mechanisms of vine tea extract and 2R, 3R-Dihydromyricetin on Escherichia coli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133816. [PMID: 34206687 PMCID: PMC8270342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g−1 of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g−1 of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g−1 of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g−1 of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g−1 of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation.
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Hu Z, Wang H, Li L, Wang Q, Jiang S, Chen M, Li X, Shaotong J. pH-responsive antibacterial film based polyvinyl alcohol/poly (acrylic acid) incorporated with aminoethyl-phloretin and application to pork preservation. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110532. [PMID: 34399510 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a pH-responsive antibacterial film based on polyvinyl alcohol/poly (acrylic acid) incorporated with aminoethyl-phloretin (PVA/PAA-AEP) for intelligent food packaging. The thermal, mechanical, barrier and light transmittance properties of PVA/PAA are enhanced by PAA presence of ≤6%. The interactions between PVA and PAA were hydrogen and ester bonds. The pH-responsive characteristic is dependent on the protonation/deprotonation tendency of the carboxylic groups on PAA in acidic/alkaline environment. The PVA/PAA3 is selected for the incorporation of AEP and its pH-responsive swelling follows Ritger-Peppas and Schott second-order models. The AEP is hydrogen bonded with the matrix of PVA/PAA3 and the release of AEP is pH-responsive and a rate-limiting step following the First-order model. With pH decrease, the predominant release control was gradually changing from polymer relaxation to Fick diffusion. The PVA/PAA3-AEP films demonstrate AEP content dependent antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficiency against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus is significantly better than Escherichia coli. The target film PVA/PAA3-AEP3 can effectively prolong the shelf-life of pork (TVB-N < 25 mg/100 g) by 4 days at 25 °C, suggesting its great potential in intelligent food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hualin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Institute of Agro-Products Intensive Processing Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Suwei Jiang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University, 230601 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Minmin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Chaohu University, 238000 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Institute of Agro-Products Intensive Processing Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jiang Shaotong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Institute of Agro-Products Intensive Processing Technology, 230009 Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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Pawełczyk A, Żwawiak J, Zaprutko L. Kumquat Fruits as an Important Source of Food Ingredients and Utility Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawełczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Żwawiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Hu H, Bai X, Xu K, Zhang C, Chen L. Effect of phloretin on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant profile in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101217. [PMID: 34161850 PMCID: PMC8237358 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of phloretin on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant profile, glutathione (GSH)-related enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 240, 22-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups. The control group was housed at 23.0 ± 0.61°C and fed with basal diet, while the 3 heat-stressed groups (A, B, and C groups) were housed at 30.5 ± 0.69°C and fed with basal diet containing 0, 100, and 200 mg/kg phloretin, respectively. Serum was taken form 42-day-old broilers. Results showed that heat stress decreased (P < 0.05) the final body weight (FBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), serum total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), GSH, catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, but increased (P < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio (FGR) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in broilers compared with that in the control group. Among the heat-stressed groups, supplementary 200 mg/kg phloretin increased (P < 0.05) the FBW, BWG, FI, serum TP, TG, T4, GSH, CAT, and T-AOC levels, and decreased (P < 0.05) the FGR and serum MDA in broilers. There were significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), and Nrf2, but significant increases (P < 0.05) in the HSP70 of the broiler serum after heat stress treatment. Among the heat-stressed groups, supplementary 200 mg/kg phloretin increased (P < 0.05) the GSH-Px, γ-GCS, and Nrf2 levels, but decreased (P < 0.05) the serum HSP70 level in the heat-stressed broilers. Under high temperature condition, FBW, BWG, FI, FGR, serum TP, TG, T4, MDA, GSH, CAT, T-AOC, GSH-Px, γ-GCS, Nrf2 and HSP70 were linearly affected by inclusion of phloretin. These results indicated that phloretin may improve growth performance, serum parameters, and antioxidant profiles through regulated GSH-related enzymes, Nrf2 and HSP70 in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Xi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Kexing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Synthesis of Biobased Phloretin Analogues: An Access to Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds for Cosmetic Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040512. [PMID: 33806117 PMCID: PMC8064475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current cosmetic and nutraceutical markets are characterized by a strong consumer demand for a return to natural products that are less harmful to both the consumers and the environment than current petrosourced products. Phloretin, a natural dihydrochalcone (DHC) found in apple, has been widely studied for many years and identified as a strong antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase ingredient for cosmetic formulations. Its low concentration in apples does not allow it to be obtained by direct extraction from biomass in large quantities to meet market volumes and prices. Moreover, its remarkable structure prevents its synthesis through a green process. To overcome these issues, the synthesis of phloretin analogs appears as an alternative to access valuable compounds that are potentially more active than phloretin itself. Under such considerations, 12 chalcones (CHs) and 12 dihydrochalcones (DHCs) were synthesized through a green Claisen-Schmidt condensation using bio-based reagents. In order to evaluate the potential of these molecules, radical scavenging DPPH and anti-tyrosinase tests have been conducted. Moreover, the UV filtering properties and the stability of these analogs towards UV-radiations have been evaluated. Some molecules showed competitive antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities regarding phloretin. Two compounds in particular showed EC50 lower than phloretin, one chalcone and one dihydrochalcone.
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Xie J, Chen J, Mei XR, Zhu MJ, Li XL, Du J, Zhang XY. Biotransformation of Phlorizin by Eurotium cristatum to Increase the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Docynia indica Leaves. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1590-1601. [PMID: 33686505 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Docynia indica is used as a plant resource for both medicine and food in minority areas of southwestern China and Southeast of Asia, especially Docynia indica leaves, which are often used as a kind of functional tea in daily life. In our previous research, it has found that D. indica is rich in polyphenols (mainly phlorizin (PHZ)). Although PHZ is the first polyphenolic competitive inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) to be discovered, the promotion and application of PHZ are limited due to its extremely low bioavailability. As a kind of aglycons, phloretin (PHT) possesses a better bioavailability and bioactivity than PHZ. Therefore, the conversion of PHZ to PHT in D. indica leaves by the method of biotransformation can be applied to solve the above issue. In this study, Aspergillus niger and Eurotium cristatum were used to transform PHZ to PHT in D. indica. Compared with Aspergillus niger, Eurotium cristatum can cause the equimolar conversion of PHZ to PHT. However, Aspergillus niger resulted in the complete degradation of PHZ. In the process of deep fermentation, PHZ in D. indica leaves was gradually biotransformed into PHT, and its content was as high as ~ 12% after fermentation. With the increase of PHT content, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Docynia indica leaves increased. By the acute toxicity evaluation, it was confirmed that Docynia indica leaves and Eurotium cristatum fermented leaves were much safer. These results indicate that Eurotium cristatum fermentation has the ability to transform the functional compounds in Docynia indica leaves and increase the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Docynia indica, thus making it a substitute for PHT and functional tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Longquan, No. 1819 Chen Long Avenue, Chengdu, 610101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Longquan, No. 1819 Chen Long Avenue, Chengdu, 610101, People's Republic of China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ran Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Longquan, No. 1819 Chen Long Avenue, Chengdu, 610101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Li Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Longquan, No. 1819 Chen Long Avenue, Chengdu, 610101, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Geography and Resource Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Longquan, No. 1819 Chen Long Avenue, Chengdu, 610101, People's Republic of China.
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ZHAO P, ZHANG Y, DENG H, MENG Y. Antibacterial mechanism of apple phloretin on physiological and morphological properties of Listeria monocytogenes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.55120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao ZHAO
- Shaanxi Normal University, China; Shaanxi Normal University, China; Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | | | - Hong DENG
- Shaanxi Normal University, China; Shaanxi Normal University, China; Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | - Yonghong MENG
- Shaanxi Normal University, China; Shaanxi Normal University, China; Shaanxi Normal University, China
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44
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Uchil A, Murali TS, Nayak R. Escaping ESKAPE: A chalcone perspective. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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45
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Sinan KI, Luz Cádiz-Gurrea MDL, Javier Leyva-Jiménez F, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Segura-Carretero A, Glamocilja J, Sokovic M, Nenadić M, Aktumsek A, Dall'Acqua S, Zengin G. New insights on Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. leaves and stem bark extracts: UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS profiles, and biopharmaceutical and in silico analysis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our results could provide a great scientific starting point on the way from the bench to functional applications through the use of P. reticulatus, namely novel nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Jasmina Glamocilja
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Nenadić
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
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Zhang XY, Chen J, Yi K, Peng L, Xie J, Gou X, Peng T, Tang L. Phlorizin ameliorates obesity-associated endotoxemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-18. [PMID: 33222603 PMCID: PMC7714487 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1842990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorizin (PHZ) is one of phytonutrients in apples that contributes to the health-promoting effect implicated by the saying, 'an apple a day keeps the doctor away'. PHZ was firstly identified as a competitive inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporters-2 (SGLT2); however, its low bioavailability makes it hard to fully explain its pharmacological mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effect of PHZ on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity via modulating the "gut microbiota-barrier axis". Firstly, C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD coadministered with or without PHZ for 12 weeks. Our results showed that PHZ supplementation significantly reduced HFD-induced body weight gain (P < .001), alleviated metabolic disorders (MDs) like insulin resistance (P < .001) and elevation of serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (P < .001), attenuated HFD-induced gut microbiota alterations, enhanced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (P < .001), and inhibited fecal LPS production (P < .001). To investigate the role of the fecal microbiota in the observed beneficial effects, a fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was performed by transplanting the feces of the four groups of mice (as donor mice) daily collected from the fourth week to a new batch of acclimatized HFD-fed mice. Our results confirmed that feeding the gut contents of the PHZ-modulated mice could attenuate HFD-induced MDs, accompanied by enhanced glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) secretion (P < .001) and restoration of HFD-induced damage in the gut epithelial barrier. This study has provided evidence that the "gut microbiota-barrier axis" was an alternative target for the anti-obesity effect of PHZ. This work has also provided an explanation for the high efficacy of PHZ despite the low bioavailability, and PHZ holds great potential to be developed as a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. China,CONTACT Xiao-yu Zhang College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu610101, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. China,College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Kang Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ling Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xun Gou
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Tong Peng
- R&D Department, Keystonecare Technology (Chengdu) Co., Ltd, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Biotransformation of Hydroxychalcones as a Method of Obtaining Novel and Unpredictable Products Using Whole Cells of Bacteria. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was the evaluation of the biotransformation capacity of hydroxychalcones—2-hydroxy-4′-methylchalcone (1) and 4-hydroxy-4′-methylchalcone (4) using two strains of aerobic bacteria. The microbial reduction of the α,β-unsaturated bond of 2-hydroxy-4′-methylchalcone (1) in Gordonia sp. DSM 44456 and Rhodococcus sp. DSM 364 cultures resulted in isolation the 2-hydroxy-4′-methyldihydrochalcone (2) as a main product with yields of up to 35%. Additionally, both bacterial strains transformed compound 1 to the second, unexpected product of reduction and simultaneous hydroxylation at C-4 position—2,4-dihydroxy-4′-methyldihydrochalcone (3) (isolated yields 12.7–16.4%). During biotransformation of 4-hydroxy-4′-methylchalcone (4) we observed the formation of three products: reduction of C=C bond—4-hydroxy-4′-methyldihydrochalcone (5), reduction of C=C bond and carbonyl group—3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-ol (6) and also unpredictable 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-di-(4-methylphenyl)pentane-1,5-dione (7). As far as our knowledge is concerned, compounds 3, 6 and 7 have never been described in the scientific literature.
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Morão LG, Lorenzoni ASG, Chakraborty P, Ayusso GM, Cavalca LB, Santos MB, Marques BC, Dilarri G, Zamuner C, Regasini LO, Ferreira H, Scheffers DJ. Investigating the Modes of Action of the Antimicrobial Chalcones BC1 and T9A. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204596. [PMID: 33050236 PMCID: PMC7587203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) is an important phytopathogen and causes Asiatic Citrus Canker (ACC). To control ACC, copper sprays are commonly used. As copper is an environmentally damaging heavy metal, new antimicrobials are needed to combat citrus canker. Here, we explored the antimicrobial activity of chalcones, specifically the methoxychalcone BC1 and the hydroxychalcone T9A, against X. citri and the model organism Bacillus subtilis. BC1 and T9A prevented growth of X. citri and B. subtilis in concentrations varying from 20 µg/mL to 40 µg/mL. BC1 and T9A decreased incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of DNA, RNA, protein, and peptidoglycan in X. citri and B. subtilis. Both compounds mildly affected respiratory activity in X. citri, but T9A strongly decreased respiratory activity in B. subtilis. In line with that finding, intracellular ATP decreased strongly in B. subtilis upon T9A treatment, whereas BC1 increased intracellular ATP. In X. citri, both compounds resulted in a decrease in intracellular ATP. Cell division seems not to be affected in X. citri, and, although in B. subtilis the formation of FtsZ-rings is affected, a FtsZ GTPase activity assay suggests that this is an indirect effect. The chalcones studied here represent a sustainable alternative to copper for the control of ACC, and further studies are ongoing to elucidate their precise modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G. Morão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - André S. G. Lorenzoni
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Parichita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Gabriela M. Ayusso
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Lucia B. Cavalca
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
| | - Mariana B. Santos
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Beatriz C. Marques
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Guilherme Dilarri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Caio Zamuner
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Luis O. Regasini
- Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 15054-000 SP São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (G.M.A.); (M.B.S.); (B.C.M.); (L.O.R.)
| | - Henrique Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 130506-900 SP Rio Claro, Brazil; (L.G.M.); (G.D.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (D.-J.S.); Tel.: +31-50-3632319 (D.-J.S.)
| | - Dirk-Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.S.G.L.); (P.C.); (L.B.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.F.); (D.-J.S.); Tel.: +31-50-3632319 (D.-J.S.)
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Yim B, Baumann A, Grunewaldt-Stöcker G, Liu B, Beerhues L, Zühlke S, Sapp M, Nesme J, Sørensen SJ, Smalla K, Winkelmann T. Rhizosphere microbial communities associated to rose replant disease: links to plant growth and root metabolites. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:144. [PMID: 32922816 PMCID: PMC7459328 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth depression of Rosa plants at sites previously used to cultivate the same or closely related species is a typical symptom of rose replant disease (RRD). Currently, limited information is available on the causes and the etiology of RRD compared to apple replant disease (ARD). Thus, this study aimed at analyzing growth characteristics, root morphology, and root metabolites, as well as microbial communities in the rhizosphere of the susceptible rootstock Rosacorymbifera 'Laxa' grown in RRD-affected soil from two sites (Heidgraben and Sangerhausen), either untreated or disinfected by γ-irradiation. In a greenhouse bioassay, plants developed significantly more biomass in the γ-irradiated than in the untreated soils of both sites. Several plant metabolites detected in R. corymbifera 'Laxa' roots were site- and treatment-dependent. Although aloesin was recorded in significantly higher concentrations in untreated than in γ-irradiated soils from Heidgraben, the concentrations of phenylalanine were significantly lower in roots from untreated soil of both sites. Rhizosphere microbial communities of 8-week-old plants were studied by sequencing of 16S rRNA, ITS, and cox gene fragments amplified from total community DNA. Supported by microscopic observations, sequences affiliated to the bacterial genus Streptomyces and the fungal genus Nectria were identified as potential causal agents of RRD in the soils investigated. The relative abundance of oomycetes belonging to the genus Pythiogeton showed a negative correlation to the growth of the plants. Overall, the RRD symptoms, the effects of soil treatments on the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community revealed striking similarities to findings related to ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Yim
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. Baumann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Grunewaldt-Stöcker
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - B. Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L. Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Zühlke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (CCB), Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Sapp
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Population Genetics, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J. Nesme
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S. J. Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. Smalla
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T. Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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50
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Phloretin inhibits biofilm formation by affecting quorum sensing under different temperature. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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