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Alotaibi B, El-Masry TA, Negm WA, Saleh A, Alotaibi KN, Alosaimi ME, Elekhnawy E. In Vivo and in Vitro Mitigation of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates by Fortunella Japonica Fruit Extract. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:262. [PMID: 38981879 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The vast dissemination of resistance to different antibiotics among bacterial pathogens, especially foodborne pathogens, has drawn major research attention. Thus, many attempts have been made to reveal novel alternatives to the current antibiotics. Due to their variable pharmacologically active phytochemicals, plants represent a good solution for this issue. This study investigated the antibacterial potential of Kumquat or Fortunella japonica methanol extract (FJME) against Salmonella typhimurium clinical isolates. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) characterized 39 compounds in FJME. Palmitic acid (15.386%) and cis-vaccenic acid (15.012%) are the major active constituents detected by GC/MS. Remarkably, FJME had minimum inhibitory concentrations from 128 to 512 µg/mL in vitro. In addition, a systemic infection model revealed the in vivo antibacterial action of FJME. The antibacterial therapeutic activity of FJME was noticed by improving the histological features of the liver and spleen. Moreover, there was a perceptible lessening (p < 0.05) of the levels of the oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide and malondialdehyde) using ELISA. In addition, the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 6) was downregulated. On the other hand, there was an upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 10). Accordingly, future clinical investigations should be done to reveal the potential antibacterial action of FJME on other food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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2
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Chang YW, Chen YL, Park SH, Yap EES, Sung WC. Characterization of Functional Ingredients Extracted with Ethanol Solvents from Ponkan ( Citrus reticulata) By-Products Using the Microwave Vacuum Drying Method Combined with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Foods 2024; 13:2129. [PMID: 38998635 PMCID: PMC11241444 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
For this study, microwave vacuum drying (MVD) was combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction to compare the effects of different ethanol volumes on ponkan extract and to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total ascorbic acid content (TAAC). High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) was used to analyze the flavanone contents and antioxidant activity of ponkan (Citrus reticulata) peels. The experimental results showed that the TPC and TFC increase with ethanol volume. Ethanol extraction (75%) showed significant advantages by increasing the TPC to 17.48 mg GAE/g (DW) and the TFC to 2.96 mg QE/g (DW) of ponkan extract and also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The TAAC improved along with increased water content. Water extraction showed the highest content (13.07 mg VitC/100 g, DW). The hesperidin content analyzed by HPLC-PDA was 102.95-622.57 mg/100 g (DW), which was the highest among the flavanones. Then, the ethanol insoluble residue extracts were taken from the pectin with four different solvents, evaluating TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity of pectin are significantly lower than those of the peels. Combining MVD and 75% ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction in the pre-treatment process can effectively eliminate polyphenols, flavonoids, and other compounds, thus enabling the extraction of high-methoxyl pectin. The total dietary fiber (TDF) content of MVD ponkan by-products was 25.83%. Ponkan by-products have the potential for the future development of functional foods and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science, Gangneug-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Encarnacion Emilia S Yap
- Seafood PRIME Laboratories, Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines, Visayas Miagao, Iloilo 5023, Philippines
| | - Wen-Chieh Sung
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
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3
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Lasota M, Lechwar P, Kukula-Koch W, Czop M, Czech K, Gaweł-Bęben K. Pulp or Peel? Comparative Analysis of the Phytochemical Content and Selected Cosmetic-Related Properties of Annona cherimola L., Diospyros kaki Thumb., Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Fortunella margarita Swingle Pulp and Peel Extracts. Molecules 2024; 29:1133. [PMID: 38474645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruit peels might be a valuable source of active ingredients for cosmetics, leading to more sustainable usage of plant by-products. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical content and selected biological properties of hydroglycolic extracts from peels and pulps of Annona cherimola, Diospyros kaki, Cydonia oblonga, and Fortunella margarita as potential cosmetic ingredients. Peel and pulp extracts were compared for their antiradical activity (using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays), skin-lightening potential (tyrosinase inhibitory assay), sun protection factor (SPF), and cytotoxicity toward human fibroblast, keratinocyte, and melanoma cell lines. The total content of polyphenols and/or flavonoids was significantly higher in peel than in pulp extracts, and the composition of particular active compounds was also markedly different. The HPLC-MS fingerprinting revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and rutoside in the peel of D. kaki, whereas kaempferol glucoside and procyanidin A were present only in the pulp. In A. cherimola, catechin, epicatechin and rutoside were identified only in the peel of the fruit, whereas procyanidins were traced only in the pulp extracts. Quercetin and luteolinidin were found to be characteristic compounds of F. margarita peel extract. Naringenin and hesperidin were found only in the pulp of F. margarita. The most significant compositional variety between the peel and pulp extracts was observed for C. oblonga: Peel extracts contained a higher number of active components (e.g., vicenin-2, kaempferol rutinoside, or kaempferol galactoside) than pulp extract. The radical scavenging potential of peel extracts was higher than of the pulp extracts. D. kaki and F. margarita peel and pulp extracts inhibited mushroom and murine tyrosinases at comparable levels. The C. oblonga pulp extract was a more potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor than the peel extract. Peel extract of A. cherimola inhibited mushroom tyrosinase but activated the murine enzyme. F. margarita pulp and peel extracts showed the highest in vitro SPF. A. cherimola, D. kaki, and F. margarita extracts were not cytotoxic for fibroblasts and keratinocytes up to a concentration of 2% (v/v) and the peel extracts were cytotoxic for A375 melanoma cells. To summarize, peel extracts from all analyzed fruit showed comparable or better cosmetic-related properties than pulp extracts and might be considered multifunctional active ingredients of skin lightening, anti-aging, and protective cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lasota
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Paulina Lechwar
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Czech
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland
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4
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de Beer D, Beelders T, Human C, Joubert E. Assessment of the stability of compounds belonging to neglected phenolic classes and flavonoid sub-classes using reaction kinetic modeling. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11802-11829. [PMID: 35833472 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are known to degrade and/or undergo changes during food production and storage. Reaction kinetic modeling is generally used to define kinetic parameters of a food system and predict changes during thermal processing and storage. Data for phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, have been reviewed in detail, but the flavonoid sub-classes, dihydrochalcones and flavanones, have been mostly neglected. Other neglected phenolic classes are xanthones and benzophenones. The stability of these types of compounds is important as they are present in fruits and exposed to heat when processed into juice and jam. Other sources of the compounds are herbal teas, which are also subjected to thermal processing, either during the primary processing of the plant material, or the production of extracts for use as food ingredients. The theoretical background is given to understand the review of literature on these classes/sub-classes. Results of research on kinetic modeling are discussed in detail, while research on compound stability without the application of reaction kinetic modeling is briefly mentioned to provide context. The studies discussed included those focusing on heating during the processing and storage of model solutions, liquid foods, plant material, dried extracts, and extracts formulated with other food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalene de Beer
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Theresa Beelders
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Chantelle Human
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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5
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Wang K, Hu S. The synergistic effects of polyphenols and intestinal microbiota on osteoporosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285621. [PMID: 37936705 PMCID: PMC10626506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease in middle-aged and elderly people. It is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, compromised bone microstructure, heightened bone fragility, and an increased susceptibility to fractures. The dynamic imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast populations is a decisive factor in the occurrence of osteoporosis. With the increase in the elderly population in society, the incidence of osteoporosis, disability, and mortality have gradually increased. Polyphenols are a fascinating class of compounds that are found in both food and medicine and exhibit a variety of biological activities with significant health benefits. As a component of food, polyphenols not only provide color, flavor, and aroma but also act as potent antioxidants, protecting our cells from oxidative stress and reducing the risk of chronic disease. Moreover, these natural compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which aid in immune response regulation and potentially alleviate symptoms of diverse ailments. The gut microbiota can degrade polyphenols into more absorbable metabolites, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Polyphenols can also shape the gut microbiota and increase its abundance. Therefore, studying the synergistic effect between gut microbiota and polyphenols may help in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. By delving into how gut microbiota can enhance the bioavailability of polyphenols and how polyphenols can shape the gut microbiota and increase its abundance, this review offers valuable information and references for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Wang
- The Orthopaedic Center, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siwang Hu
- The Orthopaedic Center, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Wenling), Wenling, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Jiao B, Zhao Q, Wang C, Cui Y, He Y, Li J. Determination, Quality, and Health Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Kumquat in China. Foods 2023; 12:3423. [PMID: 37761133 PMCID: PMC10528158 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in kumquat fruits from China, and the quality and chronic/acute intake risks in Chinese consumers, were assessed using the QuEChERS procedure and UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods. Our 5-year monitoring and survey showed 90% of the 573 samples of kumquat fruits collected from two main production areas contained one or multiple residual pesticides. Overall, 30 pesticides were detected, including 16 insecticides, 7 fungicides, 5 acaricides, and 2 plant growth modulators, of which 2 pesticides were already banned. Two or more residual pesticides were discovered in 81% of the samples, and pesticide residues in 9.4% of the samples surpassed the MRLs, such as profenofos, bifenthrin, triazophos, avermectin, spirodiclofen, difenoconazole, and methidathion. The major risk factors on the safety of kumquat fruits before 2019 were profenofos, bifenthrin, and triazophos, but their over-standard frequencies significantly declined after 2019, which was credited to the stricter supervision and management policies by local governments. Despite the high detection rates and multi-residue occurrence of pesticides in kumquat fruits, about 81% of the samples were assessed as qualified. Moreover, the accumulative chronic diet risk determined from ADI is very low. To better protect the health of customers, we shall formulate stricter organic phosphorus pesticide control measures and stricter use guidelines, especially for methidathion, triazophos, chlorpyrifos, and profenofos. This study provides potential data for the design of kumquat fruit quality and safety control guidelines and for the reduction in health risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohai Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chengqiu Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yongliang Cui
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yue He
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Jing Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China; (Z.L.); (B.J.); (Q.Z.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.L.)
- Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Citrus Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
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Mandalari G, Minuti A, La Camera E, Barreca D, Romeo O, Nostro A. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Effect of Phloretin on Biofilm Formation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:303. [PMID: 37493762 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are known to be responsible of various infections, including biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze 19 strains of S. aureus from orthopedic sites in terms of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility against 13 selected antibiotics, slime/biofilm formation, molecular analysis of specific antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, cfr, rpoB), and biofilm-associated genes (icaADBC operon). Furthermore, the effect of phloretin on the production of biofilm was evaluated on 8 chosen isolates. The susceptibility test confirmed almost all strains were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin. Most strains possess the mecA, whereas none of the strains had the cfr gene. Four strains (1, 7, 10, and 24) presented single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rpoB, which confer rifampicin resistance. IcaD was detected in all tested strains, whereas icaR was only found in two strains (24 and 30). Phloretin had a dose-dependent effect on biofilm production. Specifically, 0.5 × MIC determined biofilm inhibition in 5 out of 8 strains (8, 24, 25, 27, 30), whereas an increase in biofilm production was detected with phloretin at the 0.125 × MIC across all tested strains. These data are useful to potentially develop novel compounds against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Aurelio Minuti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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8
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Shalaby AS, Eid HH, El-Shiekh RA, Mohamed OG, Tripathi A, Al-Karmalawy AA, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Ibrahim KM, Tadros SH, Youssef FS. Taming Food-Drug Interaction Risk: Potential Inhibitory Effects of Citrus Juices on Cytochrome Liver Enzymes Can Safeguard the Liver from Overdose Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26444-26457. [PMID: 37521669 PMCID: PMC10373174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity worldwide. Because of N-acetyl cysteine's limited therapeutic efficacy and safety, searching for alternative therapeutic substitutes is necessary. This study investigated four citrus juices: Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck var. Pineapple (pineapple sweet orange), Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Murcott mandarin), Citrus paradisi Macfadyen var. Ruby Red (red grapefruit), and Fortunella margarita Swingle (oval kumquat) to improve the herbal therapy against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of the investigated samples resulted in the identification of about 40 metabolites belonging to different phytochemical classes. Phenolic compounds were the most abundant, with the total content ranked from 609.18 to 1093.26 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL juice. The multivariate data analysis revealed that phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, 2-O-rhamnosyl-swertisin, fortunellin (acacetin-7-O-neohesperidoside), sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin represented the crucial discriminatory metabolites that segregated the analyzed samples. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of the samples was 1135.91-2913.92 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, 718.95-3749.47 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, and 2304.74-4390.32 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, as revealed from 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, respectively. The in vivo paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats was established and assessed by measuring the levels of hepatic enzymes and antioxidant biomarkers. Interestingly, the concomitant administration of citrus juices with a toxic dose of paracetamol effectively recovered the liver injury, as confirmed by normal sections of hepatocytes. This action could be due to the interactions between the major identified metabolites (hesperidin, hesperetin, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, fortunellin, poncirin, nobiletin, apigenin-6,8-digalactoside, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, naringenin, and naringin) and cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2), as revealed from the molecular docking study. The most promising compounds in the three docking processes were hesperidin, fortunellin, poncirin, and naringin. Finally, a desirable food-drug interaction was achieved in our research to overcome paracetamol overdose-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya S. Shalaby
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. Eid
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Natural
Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural
Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Pharmacology
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Fatma Adly Morsy
- Pathology
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Soad H. Tadros
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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9
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Zhu C, Chen J, Zhao C, Liu X, Chen Y, Liang J, Cao J, Wang Y, Sun C. Advances in extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023; 4:750-781. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractFlavonoids are the representative active substances of citrus with various biological activities and high nutritional value. In order to evaluate and utilize citrus flavonoids, isolation and purification are necessary steps. This manuscript reviewed the research advances in the extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids. The structure classification, the plant and nutritional functions, and the biosynthesis of citrus flavonoids were summarized. The characteristics of citrus flavonoids and the selection of separation strategies were explained. The technical system of extraction and purification of citrus flavonoids was systematically described. Finally, outlook and research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jie‐Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chen‐Ning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jin‐Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chong‐De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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10
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Oliveira-Alves SC, Andrade F, Sousa J, Bento-Silva A, Duarte B, Caçador I, Salazar M, Mecha E, Serra AT, Bronze MR. Soilless Cultivated Halophyte Plants: Volatile, Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Biological Differences. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1161. [PMID: 37371891 PMCID: PMC10295272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of halophyte plants appears as a potential solution for degraded soil, food safety, freshwater scarcity, and coastal area utilization. These plants have been considered an alternative crop soilless agriculture for sustainable use of natural resources. There are few studies carried out with cultivated halophytes using a soilless cultivation system (SCS) that report their nutraceutical value, as well as their benefits on human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate and correlate the nutritional composition, volatile profile, phytochemical content, and biological activities of seven halophyte species cultivated using a SCS (Disphyma crassifolium L., Crithmum maritimum L., Inula crithmoides L., Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods, and Sarcocornia fruticosa (Mill.) A. J. Scott.). Among these species, results showed that S. fruticosa had a higher content in protein (4.44 g/100 g FW), ash (5.70 g/100 g FW), salt (2.80 g/100 g FW), chloride (4.84 g/100 g FW), minerals (Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu), total phenolics (0.33 mg GAE/g FW), and antioxidant activity (8.17 µmol TEAC/g FW). Regarding the phenolic classes, S. fruticosa and M. nodiflorum were predominant in the flavonoids, while M. crystallinum, C. maritimum, and S. ramosissima were in the phenolic acids. Moreover, S. fruticosa, S. ramosissima, M. nodiflorum, M. crystallinum, and I. crithmoides showed ACE-inhibitory activity, an important target control for hypertension. Concerning the volatile profile, C. maritimum, I. crithmoides, and D. crassifolium were abundant in terpenes and esters, while M. nodiflorum, S. fruticosa, and M. crystallinum were richer in alcohols and aldehydes, and S. ramosissima was richer in aldehydes. Considering the environmental and sustainable roles of cultivated halophytes using a SCS, these results indicate that these species could be considered an alternative to conventional table salt, due to their added nutritional and phytochemical composition, with potential contribution for the antioxidant and anti-hypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C. Oliveira-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (J.S.); (E.M.); (A.T.S.)
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fábio Andrade
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (J.S.); (E.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - João Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (J.S.); (E.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Andreia Bento-Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET–Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.D.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET–Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.D.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Salazar
- Riafresh, Sítio do Besouro, CX 547-B, 8005-421 Faro, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Elsa Mecha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (J.S.); (E.M.); (A.T.S.)
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (J.S.); (E.M.); (A.T.S.)
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (J.S.); (E.M.); (A.T.S.)
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
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11
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Zhang Y, Yin H, Zhao T, Zhan C, Wang A, Xu Y, Chen M. The volatile flavor and the antioxidant properties of a novel chrysanthemum rice wine during natural aging. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2382-2392. [PMID: 37181305 PMCID: PMC10171511 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju, a traditional tea in southern China with high nutritional and health functions was used in this study. Optimized production conditions of a novel chrysanthemum rice wine (FRW) were obtained by the Box-Behnken design response surface experiment. FRW with best sensory quality was developed with 0.68% chrysanthemum, 0.79% Jiuqu and 0.81:1 liquid-to-solid ratio. Compared with rice wine (RW) control, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity of the FRW increased significantly. GC-MS analysis showed that more flavor compounds including alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and esters were detected in FRW. During the aging process, it was found that the antioxidant substances, the antioxidant activity and the flavor substances decreased, with the wine body tending to be homogenized. After 6 months of storage, overall sensory quality of FRW was more harmonious, with special nectar taste, which dramatically improved the flavor characteristics and functionality compared with traditional RW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
- Angel Yeast Co. LtdYichangChina
| | - Huai‐Ning Yin
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ting Zhao
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ai‐Yuan Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yang‐Hui Xu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mao‐Bin Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and FoodHubei University of TechnologyWuhanChina
- Angel Yeast Co. LtdYichangChina
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12
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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13
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Jasso de Rodríguez D, Torres-Moreno H, López-Romero JC, Vidal-Gutiérrez M, Villarreal-Quintanilla JÁ, Carrillo-Lomelí DA, Robles-Zepeda RE, Vilegas W. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of Flourensia spp. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Gao Y, Francis K, Zhang X. Review on formation of cold plasma activated water (PAW) and the applications in food and agriculture. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Zhao XJ, Guo PM, Pang WH, Tan T, Zhang YH, Jiao BN. Screening and quantitative analysis of characteristic secondary metabolites in Jindou kumquat (Fortunella hindsii var.chintou Swingle) among Fortunella fruits. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Llorent-Martínez EJ, Gordo-Moreno AI, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Salazar-Mendías C, Tercero-Araque A. Characterization of the Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Cathissa reverchonii (Lange) Speta. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061979. [PMID: 35335340 PMCID: PMC8949354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathissa reverchonii (formerly Ornithogalum reverchonii) is a threatened species, constituting an endemism present in the south of Spain and northern Morocco. In Spain, it is only found in two disjoint populations in the region of Andalusia. The determination of its chemical composition and the influence that environmental factors have on it can contribute significantly to the development of appropriate protection and conservation plans. However, there are no previous reports about this species to date. Consequently, this research aimed to study the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of C. reverchonii and to assess the influence of environmental factors on the phenolic profile and bioactivity. The vegetal material was collected in seven places inhabited by the two separate populations in Spain. The phenolic composition of methanolic extracts of the species was determined by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, and the antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays. Fifteen compounds were characterized in the extracts of the aerial parts of C. reverchonii, revealing differences in the phytochemical profile between both populations analyzed, mainly in the saponin fraction. The main phenolics were flavone di-C-glucoside (lucenin-2), followed by a quercetin-di-C-glucoside. The composition of the extracts of C. reverchonii and their radical scavenging power were compared with those of other species of the genus Ornithogalum L., revealing significant differences between the latter and the genus Cathissa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.I.G.-M.); (M.L.F.-d.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana I. Gordo-Moreno
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.I.G.-M.); (M.L.F.-d.C.)
| | - María Luisa Fernández-de Córdova
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.I.G.-M.); (M.L.F.-d.C.)
| | - Carlos Salazar-Mendías
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (A.T.-A.)
| | - Amanda Tercero-Araque
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-M.); (A.T.-A.)
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17
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Büyükkormaz Ç, Küçükbay FZ. Kumquat fruit and leaves extracted with different solvents: phenolic content and antioxidant activity. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-1-51-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Kumquat is a good source of vitamin C, as well as phenolic and flavonoid substances. In this study, we used various solvents to obtain extracts from fresh and lyophilized dried fruits and leaves of kumquat plant, as well as six mutants, to compare their total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities.
Study objects and methods. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of the extracts were determined by commonly used antioxidant tests, such as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and metal chelating activity.
Results and discussion. The total phenolic content of the extracts was in the range of 3705–86 329 mg GAE/g extract. The total amount of flavonoid substance ranged from 5556 to 632 222 mg QUE/g extract. The highest free radical scavenging activity was observed in the kumquat leaves. We also found that the activity of dried fruit was lower than that of fresh fruit. According to our results, the differences in the phenolic contents of the studied plants affected their antioxidant properties. We determined that the extracts with a high phenolic content showed high antioxidant activity. No significant difference was detected between the rootstock kumquat type and its mutants. Finally, we found no chelating activity in the extracts obtained from fresh and lyophilized dried fruits.
Conclusion. Kumquat fruit and its leaves can be considered as functional foods due to phenolic compounds, which are able to neutralize free radicals.
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Li X, Meenu M, Xu B. Recent Development in Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Kumquat Fruits. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2023818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunhan Li
- Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Maninder Meenu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
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19
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Ma Q, Hu Y, Dong X, Zhou G, Liu X, Gu Q, Wei Q. Metabolic Profiling and Gene Expression Analysis Unveil Differences in Flavonoid and Lipid Metabolisms Between 'Huapi' Kumquat ( Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) and Its Wild Type. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759968. [PMID: 34925410 PMCID: PMC8675212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism underlying special characteristic differences between a spontaneous seedling mutant 'Huapi' kumquat (HP) and its wild-type 'Rongan' kumquat (RA), the fruit quality, metabolic profiles, and gene expressions of the peel and flesh were comprehensively analyzed. Compared with RA, HP fruit has distinctive phenotypes such as glossy peel, light color, and few amounts of oil glands. Interestingly, HP also accumulated higher flavonoid (approximately 4.1-fold changes) than RA. Based on metabolomics analysis, we identified 201 differential compounds, including 65 flavonoids and 37 lipids. Most of the differential flavonoids were glycosylated by hexoside and accumulated higher contents in the peel but lower in the flesh of HP than those of RA fruit. For differential lipids, most of them belonged to lysophosphatidycholines (LysoPCs) and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LysoPEs) and exhibited low abundance in both peel and flesh of HP fruit. In addition, structural genes associated with the flavonoid and lipid pathways were differentially regulated between the two kumquat varieties. Gene expression analysis also revealed the significant roles of UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) and phospholipase genes in flavonoid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms, respectively. These findings provide valuable information for interpreting the mutation mechanism of HP kumquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongwei Hu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinghua Dong
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingjiang Wei
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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20
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Alam F, Mohammadin K, Shafique Z, Amjad ST, Asad MHHB. Citrus flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:1417-1441. [PMID: 34626134 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The plants Rutaceae family are known to have contributed a lot toward food and medicine. The most important metabolites of the family are flavonoids. A systematic review was conducted to collect chemical and pharmacological information of flavonoids isolated from family Rutaceae till 2018. A plethora of flavonoids have been isolated and studied systematically for various bioactivities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, in bronchitis, ulcers, and so on. The important groups of flavonoids isolated are naringin, poncirin, rhoifolin, marmesin, hesperidin, tangeretin, nobiletin, glychalcone, glyflavanone, lemairone, acacetin 3,6-di-C-glucoside, vicenin-2, lucenin-2 4'-methyl ether, narirutin 4'-O-glucoside, apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, rutin, rhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, dihydrokaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (engeletin) and kaempferol, excavaside A and B, myricetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside, myricetin 3,3'-di-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3'-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and others. The flavonoids isolated from the citrus family need to be considered from a nutraceutical, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical point of view for future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Mohammadin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Shafique
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayyeda Tayyeba Amjad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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21
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Effect of kumquat (Fortunella margarita) powders dried by different methods on some physical and chemical properties of cake. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Ghidoli M, Colombo F, Sangiorgio S, Landoni M, Giupponi L, Nielsen E, Pilu R. Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19? Front Nutr 2021; 8:661331. [PMID: 34222300 PMCID: PMC8247467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since in late 2019, when the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread all over the world, causing the awful global pandemic we are still experiencing, an impressive number of biologists, infectious disease scientists, virologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and other researchers working in laboratories of all the advanced countries focused their research on the setting up of biotechnological tools, namely vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as of rational design of drugs for therapeutic approaches. While vaccines have been quickly obtained, no satisfactory anti-Covid-19 preventive, or therapeutic approach has so far been discovered and approved. However, among the possible ways to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention or mitigation, there is one route, i.e., the diet, which until now has had little consideration. In fact, in the edible parts of plants supplying our food, there are a fair number of secondary metabolites mainly belonging to the large class of the flavonoids, endowed with antiviral or other health beneficial activities such as immunostimulating or anti-inflammatory action that could play a role in contributing to some extent to prevent or alleviate the viral infection and/or counteract the development of SARS induced by the novel coronavirus. In this review, a number of bioactive phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, proven to be capable of providing some degree of protection against COVID-19, are browsed, illustrating their beneficial properties and mechanisms of action as well as their distribution in cultivated plant species which supply food for the human diet. Furthermore, room is also given to information regarding the amount in food, the resistance to cooking processes and, as a very important feature, the degree of bioavailability of these compounds. Concluding, remarks and perspectives for future studies aimed at increasing and improving knowledge and the possibility of using this natural complementary therapy to counteract COVID-19 and other viral pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
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Pawełczyk A, Żwawiak J, Zaprutko L. Kumquat Fruits as an Important Source of Food Ingredients and Utility Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawełczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Żwawiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Zaprutko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from Kumquat (Fortunella margarita) for detection of Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Oshima T, Takahashi K, Inada A, Yamasaki M, Yamasaki Y, Eto N. Enhanced water dispersibility and permeability through a Caco-2 cell monolayer of β-cryptoxanthin extracted from kumquats by complexation with casein. Food Chem 2021; 360:129822. [PMID: 33984564 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) possesses potential therapeutic and health benefits. However, BCX absorption is low because of its poor aqueous solubility. In this study, a complex between BCX and casein (Cas) was prepared to improve the water dispersibility and bioavailability of BCX. BCX was recovered quantitatively from freeze-dried kumquat powder through solid-liquid extraction and saponification. The complexation significantly improved the apparent solubility of BCX under acidic and neutral conditions. A cell membrane permeation test using a Caco-2 cell monolayer was performed to evaluate the bioavailability of the BCX-Cas complex. This complex and a blank sample were digested in vitro and added to the apical side of the Caco-2 cell membrane. The quantity of BCX that permeated using the BCX-Cas complex after 24 h was 22.7 times greater than that of the blank. Thus, complexation of BCX with Cas improved dramatically the bioavailability of BCX from a kumquat extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Oshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Koki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Asuka Inada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nozomu Eto
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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26
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Guo J, Qin D, Li W, Wu F, Li L, Liu X. Inactivation of Penicillium italicum on kumquat via plasma-activated water and its effects on quality attributes. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 343:109090. [PMID: 33631606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasma-activated water (PAW) has good liquidity and uniformity and may be a promising candidate to inactivate Penicillium italicum and maintain the quality attributes of kumquat. In this study, the effect of plasma-activated water (PAW) on the viability of Penicillium italicum on kumquat and quality attributes of PAW-treated kumquats were then systematically investigated to elucidate the correlation between PAW and kumquat quality attributes. The effects of PAW on fruit decay, microbial loads, and firmness of postharvest kumquats during the 6-week storage were also investigated. The results showed that the viability of Penicillium italicum was notably inhibited by PAW on kumquats. Moreover, PAW did not significantly change the surface color of kumquats. No significant reductions in ascorbic acid, total flavonoid, and carotenoids were observed in kumquats after the PAW treatment. Results from nitrate and nitrite residue analyses showed that PAW did not leave serious nitrate and nitrite residues after treatment. The decay analysis results demonstrated that PAW has the potential to control kumquat decay and fungal contamination as well as maintain the firmness of postharvest kumquats throughout 6-week storage. Transmit electron microscope observation confirmed that PAW could cause the surface sculpturing in the skin cell wall of kumquat. The information obtained from this research may provide insight into the utilization of PAW to fight against fungal infection during the storage of citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingkui Qin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, No. 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China
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27
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Cai N, Chen C, Wan C, Chen J. Effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid spray on endogenous hormones and fruit quality of kumquat (Citrus japonica) fruits. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF CROP AND HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2020.1806084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Hegazi NM, Radwan RA, Bakry SM, Saad HH. Molecular networking aided metabolomic profiling of beet leaves using three extraction solvents and in relation to its anti-obesity effects. J Adv Res 2020; 24:545-555. [PMID: 32637174 PMCID: PMC7327829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the efficiency of three different solvents (H2O, acidified H2O, and 70% Methanol) for metabolites extraction from the leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. rubra) was investigated along with their inhibitory activity on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase for obesity management. The metabolic profile of the three extracts was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometric (ESI-HRMS-MS). Mass spectrometry-based molecular networking was employed to aid in metabolites annotation and for the visual investigation of the known metabolites and their analogues. The study led to the tentative identification of 45 metabolites including amino acids, purine derivatives, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and an alkaloid, articulating 24 compounds as a first time report from beet leaves along with 2 new putatively identified compounds: a flavone feruloyl conjugate (39) and a malonylated acacetin diglycoside (40). The three extracting systems exhibited comparable efficiency for pulling out the secondary metabolites from the beet leaves. The in vitro study supported this finding and demonstrated that the three extracts inhibited the activity of both pancreatic α-amylase and lipase enzymes with no significant difference observed regarding the percentage of the inhibition of the enzymes. Conclusively, the extraction protocol has a minimal effect on the anti-obesity properties of beet leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine M. Hegazi
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, PO Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, El Ismailia, 41611, Egypt
| | - Sherein M. Bakry
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, PO Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada H. Saad
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, PO Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, PO Box 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the aroma volatiles, polyphenols contents and antioxidant activity of post-harvest ripening peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2020. [DOI: 10.15586/qas.v12i2.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Barreca D, Mandalari G, Calderaro A, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Felice MR, Gattuso G. Citrus Flavones: An Update on Sources, Biological Functions, and Health Promoting Properties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030288. [PMID: 32110931 PMCID: PMC7154817 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus spp. are among the most widespread plants cultivated worldwide and every year millions of tons of fruit, juices, or processed compounds are produced and consumed, representing one of the main sources of nutrients in human diet. Among these, the flavonoids play a key role in providing a wide range of health beneficial effects. Apigenin, diosmetin, luteolin, acacetin, chrysoeriol, and their respective glycosides, that occur in concentrations up to 60 mg/L, are the most common flavones found in Citrus fruits and juices. The unique characteristics of their basic skeleton and the nature and position of the substituents have attracted and stimulated vigorous investigations as a consequence of an enormous biological potential, that manifests itself as (among other properties) antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This review analyzes the biochemical, pharmacological, and biological properties of Citrus flavones, emphasizing their occurrence in Citrus spp. fruits and juices, on their bioavailability, and their ability to modulate signal cascades and key metabolic enzymes both in vitro and in vivo. Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciFinder were used to investigate recent published articles on Citrus spp. in terms of components and bioactivity potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0906765187; Fax: +39-0906765186
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Agricultural Science, Università degli Studi Mediterranea, Feo di Vito, IT-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Rosa Felice
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (A.S.); (D.T.); (M.R.F.); (G.G.)
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31
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The Anti-Aging Potential of Neohesperidin and Its Synergistic Effects with Other Citrus Flavonoids in Extending Chronological Lifespan of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae BY4742. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224093. [PMID: 31766122 PMCID: PMC6891605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-aging activity of many plant flavonoids, as well as their mechanisms of action, have been explored in the current literature. However, the studies on the synergistic effects between the different flavonoid compounds were quite limited in previous reports. In this study, by using a high throughput assay, we tested the synergistic effects between different citrus flavonoids throughout the yeast's chronological lifespan (CLS). We studied the effect of four flavonoid compounds including naringin, hesperedin, hesperitin, neohesperidin, as well as their different combinations on the CLS of the yeast strain BY4742. Their ROS scavenging ability, in vitro antioxidant activity and the influence on the extracellular pH were also tested. The results showed that neohesperidin extended the yeast's CLS in a concentration-dependent manner. Especially, we found that neohesperidin showed great potential in extending CLS of budding yeast individually or synergistically with hesperetin. The neohesperidin exhibited the strongest function in decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in yeast. These findings clearly indicated that neohesperidin is potentially an anti-aging citrus flavonoid, and its synergistic effect with other flavonoids on yeast's CLS will be an interesting subject for future research of the anti-aging function of citrus fruits.
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32
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Mahato N, Sinha M, Sharma K, Koteswararao R, Cho MH. Modern Extraction and Purification Techniques for Obtaining High Purity Food-Grade Bioactive Compounds and Value-Added Co-Products from Citrus Wastes. Foods 2019; 8:E523. [PMID: 31652773 PMCID: PMC6915388 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus contains a range of highly beneficial bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins that show antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and help in building the body's immune system. On consumption or processing, approximately 50% of the fruit remains as inedible waste, which includes peels, seeds, pulp, and segment residues. This waste still consists of substantial quantities of bioactive compounds that cause environmental pollution and are harmful to the ecosystem because of their high biological oxygen demand. In recent years, citrus cultivation and the production of processed foods have become a major agricultural industry. In addition to being a substantial source of economy, it is an ideal and sustainable and renewable resource for obtaining bioactive compounds and co-products for food and pharmaceutical industries. In the present article, the various methods of extraction, conventional and modern, as well as separation and isolation of individual bioactive compounds from the extraction mixture and their determination have been reviewed. This article presents both aspects of extraction methods, i.e., on a small laboratory scale and on an industrial mass scale. These methods and techniques have been extensively and critically reviewed with anticipated future perspectives towards the maximum utilization of the citrus waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Mahato
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Mukty Sinha
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India.
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
| | - Rakoti Koteswararao
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India.
| | - Moo Hwan Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Changes in the Volatile Components of Candied Kumquats in Different Processing Methodologies with Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173053. [PMID: 31443455 PMCID: PMC6749507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of two different processing methods on the volatile components of candied kumquats were investigated via headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). The characteristic volatile fingerprints of fresh kumquats (FKs), vacuum sugaring osmosis combined with hot-air drying kumquats (VS-ADKs), and atmospheric pressure sugaring osmosis combined with hot-air drying kumquats (AS-ADKs) were established using 3D topographic plots. From the fingerprints, 40 signal peaks for 22 compounds were confirmed and quantified in all types of kumquats, namely, two terpenes, four esters, seven aldehydes, three ketones, and six alcohols. 3-Pentanone was identified as the major component of FKs; followed by 1-hexanol and the Z-3-hexen-1-ol dimer. The hexanal dimer, 2-hexen-1-ol, and the ethyl acetate dimer were the major markers of VS-ADKs. Benzaldehyde and furfurol were the prominent constituent parts of AS-ADKs. Compared with that in FKs, the pentanal and dimethyl ketone contents of VS-ADKs and AS-ADKs exhibited a dramatic increase (p < 0.05). By contrast, the change in ethanol dimer tended to decrease (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed that the samples, which were distributed in a separate space could be well-distinguished. Furthermore, the similarity of different processed kumquats and their corresponding volatile components was demonstrated via heat map clustering analysis. The results confirmed the potential of HS-GC-IMS-based approaches to evaluate processed kumquats with various volatile profiles.
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Pinheiro-Sant'Ana HM, Anunciação PC, Souza CSE, de Paula Filho GX, Salvo A, Dugo G, Giuffrida D. Quali-Quantitative Profile of Native Carotenoids in Kumquat from Brazil by HPLC-DAD-APCI/MS. Foods 2019; 8:foods8050166. [PMID: 31100882 PMCID: PMC6560404 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study the native carotenoids composition in kumquat (Fortunella margarita) (peel + pulp) from Brazil was determined for the first time by a HPLC-DAD-APCI/MS (high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry), methodology. Eleven carotenoids were successfully identified and quantified in kumquat: four carotenoids in the free form and seven carotenoids in the esterified form. β-citraurin-laurate was the carotenoid found in the highest content (607.33 µg/100 g fresh matter), followed by β-cryptoxanthin-laurate (552.59 µg/100 g). The different esterified forms of β-citraurin and β-cryptoxanthin represented 84.34% of the carotenoids found, which demonstrates the importance of esterification in natural fruits. β-carotene and free xanthophylls (β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin) represented 5.50% and 14.96%, respectively, of total carotenoids in kumquat. The total carotenoid content of kumquat from Brazil was very high (2185.16 µg/100 g), suggesting that this fruit could contribute significantly to the intake of important bioactive compounds by the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamella Cristine Anunciação
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36571-000, Brazil.
| | - Clarice Silva E Souza
- Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36571-000, Brazil.
| | - Galdino Xavier de Paula Filho
- Departamento de Educação, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 02, Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá 68903-419, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department, of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina (Italy), V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department, of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina (Italy), V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department, of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina (Italy), V.le Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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35
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Liu S, Hu L, Jiang D, Xi W. Effect of Post-Harvest LED and UV Light Irradiation on the Accumulation of Flavonoids and Limonoids in the Segments of Newhall Navel Oranges ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091755. [PMID: 31064149 PMCID: PMC6540038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of post-harvest light irradiation on the accumulation of flavonoids and limonoids, harvested Newhall navel oranges were continuously exposed to light-emitting diode (LED) and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation for 6 days, and the composition and content of flavonoids and limonoids in the segments were determined using UPLC-qTOF-MS at 0, 6, and 15 days after harvest. In total, six polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), five flavone-O/C-glycosides, seven flavanone-O-glycosides, and three limonoids were identified in the segments. The accumulation of these components was altered by light irradiation. Red and blue light resulted in higher levels of PMFs during exposure periods. The accumulation of PMFs was also significantly induced after white light, UVB and UVC irradiation were removed. Red and UVC irradiation induced the accumulation of flavone and flavanone glycosides throughout the entire experimental period. Single light induced limonoid accumulation during exposure periods, but limonoid levels decreased significantly when irradiation was removed. Principal component analysis showed a clear correlation between PMFs and white light, between flavonoid glycosides and red light and UVC, and between limonoids and UVC. These results suggest that the accumulation of flavonoids and limonoids in citrus is regulated by light irradiation. White light, red light and UVC irradiation might be a good potential method for improving the nutrition and flavor quality of post-harvest citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Linping Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China.
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
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36
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Ulaszewska M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Garcia-Aloy M, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Dragsted LO, Praticò G, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for apple, pear, and stone fruit. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:29. [PMID: 30519365 PMCID: PMC6267079 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fruit is a key component of a healthy diet. However, it is still not clear whether some classes of fruit may be more beneficial than others and whether all individuals whatever their age, gender, health status, genotype, or gut microbiota composition respond in the same way to fruit consumption. Such questions require further observational and intervention studies in which the intake of a specific fruit can be precisely assessed at the population and individual levels. Within the Food Biomarker Alliance Project (FoodBAll Project) under the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life”, an ambitious action was undertaken aiming at reviewing existent literature in a systematic way to identify validated and promising biomarkers of intake for all major food groups, including fruits. This paper belongs to a series of reviews following the same BFIRev protocol and is focusing on biomarkers of pome and stone fruit intake. Selected candidate biomarkers extracted from the literature search went through a validation process specifically developed for food intake biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marynka Ulaszewska
- 1Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Natalia Vázquez-Manjarrez
- 2Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,3Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Llorach
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- 1Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy.,6Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- 3Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticò
- 3Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Manach
- 2Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Nabavi SF, Atanasov AG, Khan H, Barreca D, Trombetta D, Testai L, Sureda A, Tejada S, Vacca RA, Pittalà V, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I, Shirooie S, Nabavi SM. Targeting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by natural, in particular polyphenols, anticancer agents: Lessons learned from clinical trials. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:101-113. [PMID: 30030139 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is the main non-lysosomal proteolytic system responsible for degradation of most intracellular proteins, specifically damaged and regulatory proteins. The UPP is implicated in all aspects of the cellular metabolic networks including physiological or pathological conditions. Alterations in the components of the UPP can lead to stabilization of oncoproteins or augmented degradation of tumour suppressor favouring cancer appearance and progression. Polyphenols are natural compounds that can modulate proteasome activity or the expression of proteasome subunits. All together and due to the pleiotropic functions of UPP, there is a great interest in this proteasome system as a promising therapeutic target for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. In the present review, the main features of the UPP and its implication in cancer development and progression are described, highlighting the importance of bioactive polyphenols that target the UPP as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552, Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Center of Nutrafood, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa, Km 7,5, Ed, Guillem Colom, 07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Italian National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34 Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tian X, Liu Y, Feng X, Khaskheli AA, Xiang Y, Huang W. The effects of alcohol fermentation on the extraction of antioxidant compounds and flavonoids of pomelo peel. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Barreca D, Currò M, Bellocco E, Ficarra S, Laganà G, Tellone E, Laura Giunta M, Visalli G, Caccamo D, Galtieri A, Ientile R. Neuroprotective effects of phloretin and its glycosylated derivative on rotenone-induced toxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells. Biofactors 2017; 43:549-557. [PMID: 28401997 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin and phlorizin are the two strong natural antioxidants whose biological and pharmacological applications are rapidly growing in different human pathological conditions. The neuroprotective activity of the two flavonoids has been analyzed on cell culture of neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective activity of the two flavonoids has been analyzed on cell culture of neuroblastoma cells and evaluated by testing cell vitality, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ROS production, antioxidant enzymes detection, activation of caspase 3, DNA damage, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion scavenging activity. Incubation of cells with rotenone caused cell death and significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species, activation of caspase 3, and variation in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Although, rotenone exposure caused a significant increase of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of lipid peroxidation were also observed. Phloretin or phlorizin, at micromolar concentration, reduced rotenone-induced cell death by scavenging ability against superoxide anion radical, one of the main effectors of rotenone toxicity at level of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Under our experimental conditions, a reduction of the intracellular ROS levels with consequent normalization of the aforementioned antioxidant enzymes occurred. Concomitantly, we observed the inhibition of caspase 3 activity and DNA damage. This study shows the promising neuroprotective ability of the two dihydrochalcones able to protect human differentiated neuroblastoma cells (commonly used as model of Parkinson's disease) from injury induced by rotenone, actively scavenging ROS, normalizing mitochondrial transmembrane potential and consequently avoiding energy depletion. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):549-557, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Ficarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ester Tellone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Giunta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Galtieri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, Via C. Valeria, Messina, Italy
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40
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Barreca D, Gattuso G, Bellocco E, Calderaro A, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Laganà G, Daglia M, Meneghini S, Nabavi SM. Flavanones: Citrus phytochemical with health-promoting properties. Biofactors 2017; 43:495-506. [PMID: 28497905 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruit and juices represent one of the main sources of compounds with a high potential for health promoting properties. Among these compounds, flavanones (such as hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, isosakuranetin, and their respective glycosides), which occur in quantities ranging from ∼180 to 740 mg/L (depending on the Citrus species and cultivar) are responsible for many biological activities. These compounds support and enhance the body's defenses against oxidative stress and help the organism in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Moreover, among other properties, they also show anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. This review analyzes the biochemistry, pharmacology, and biology of Citrus flavanones, emphasizing the occurrence in Citrus fruits and juices and their bioavailability, structure-function correlations and ability to modulate signal cascades both in vitro and in vivo. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):495-506, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Meneghini
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Liu F, Han S, Ni Y. Isolation and purification of four flavanones from peel of Citrus changshanensis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Shuai Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road; Beijing 100083 China
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42
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Morales P, Maieves HA, Dias MI, Calhella RC, Sánchez-Mata MC, Santos-Buelga C, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Hovenia dulcis Thunb. pseudofruits as functional foods: Phytochemicals and bioactive properties in different maturity stages. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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43
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Lou SN, Ho CT. Phenolic compounds and biological activities of small-size citrus: Kumquat and calamondin. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:162-175. [PMID: 28911534 PMCID: PMC9333435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kumquat and calamondin are two small-size citrus fruits. Owing to their health benefits, they are traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. However, the research on flavonoids and biological activities of kumquat and calamondin have received less attention. This review summarizes the reported quantitative and qualitative data of phenolic compositions in these two fruits. Effects of maturity, harvest time, various solvent extractions and heat treatment of phenolic compositions, and bioactivities were discussed; distributions of the forms of phenolic compounds existing in kumquat and calamondin were also summarized. Furthermore, biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antimetabolic disorder effects, have also been discussed. Effective phenolic components were proposed for a certain bioactivity. It was found that C-glycoside flavonoids are dominant phenolic compounds in kumquat and calamondin, unlike in other citrus fruits. Up to now, biological activities and chemical characteristics of C-glycoside flavonoids in kumquat and calamondin are largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyi-Neng Lou
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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44
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Kim MK, Yun KJ, Lim DH, Kim J, Jang YP. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Flavone di-C-Glycosides as Active Principles of Camellia Mistletoe, Korthalsella japonica. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:630-637. [PMID: 27302962 PMCID: PMC5098543 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical components and biological activity of Camellia mistletoe, Korthalsella japonica (Loranthaceae) are relatively unknown compared to other mistletoe species. Therefore, we investigated the phytochemical properties and biological activity of this parasitic plant to provide essential preliminary scientific evidence to support and encourage its further pharmaceutical research and development. The major plant components were chromatographically isolated using high-performance liquid chromatography and their structures were elucidated using tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance anlysis. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanol extract of K. japonica (KJ) and its isolated components was evaluated using a nitric oxide (NO) assay and western blot analysis for inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Three flavone di-C-glycosides, lucenin-2, vicenin-2, and stellarin-2 were identified as major components of KJ, for the first time. KJ significantly inhibited NO production and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at 100 µg/ mL while similar activity were observed with isolated flavone C-glycosides. In conclusion, KJ has a simple secondary metabolite profiles including flavone di-C-glycosides as major components and has a strong potential for further research and development as a source of therapeutic anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kim
- Departments of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Jun Yun
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hae Lim
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Departments of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,
Republic of Korea
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45
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Chen W, Liu Y, Jiao B. Dissipation behavior of five organophosphorus pesticides in kumquat sample during honeyed kumquat candied fruit processing. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Tan S, Zhao X, Yang Y, Ke Z, Zhou Z. Chemical Profiling Using Uplc Q-Tof/Ms and Antioxidant Activities ofFortunellaFruits. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1646-53. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest Univ; Chongqing 400716 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions; Ministry of Education; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest Univ; Chongqing 400716 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions; Ministry of Education; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest Univ; Chongqing 400716 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions; Ministry of Education; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Zunli Ke
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest Univ; Chongqing 400716 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions; Ministry of Education; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest Univ; Chongqing 400716 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions; Ministry of Education; Chongqing 400715 China
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47
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Panuccio MR, Fazio A, Papalia T, Barreca D. Antioxidant Properties and Flavonoid Profile in Leaves of CalabrianLavandula multifidaL., an Autochthon Plant of Mediterranean Southern Regions. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:416-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Panuccio
- Department of Agricultural Science; ʻMediterraneaʼ University; Feo di Vito IT-89124 Reggio Calabria
| | - Angela Fazio
- Department of Agricultural Science; ʻMediterraneaʼ University; Feo di Vito IT-89124 Reggio Calabria
| | - Teresa Papalia
- Department of Pharmacy and health products; University of Messina; Villaggio S. S. Annunziata IT-98168 Messina
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Messina; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 IT-98166 Messina
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48
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Barreca D, Laganà G, Leuzzi U, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Bellocco E. Evaluation of the nutraceutical, antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of ripe pistachio ( Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) hulls. Food Chem 2016; 196:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Barreca D, Gattuso G, Laganà G, Leuzzi U, Bellocco E. C - and O -glycosyl flavonoids in Sanguinello and Tarocco blood orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juice: Identification and influence on antioxidant properties and acetylcholinesterase activity. Food Chem 2016; 196:619-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Barreca D, Laganà G, Toscano G, Calandra P, Kiselev MA, Lombardo D, Bellocco E. The interaction and binding of flavonoids to human serum albumin modify its conformation, stability and resistance against aggregation and oxidative injuries. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3531-3539. [PMID: 26971858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions of ligands with proteins imply changes in the properties of the macromolecules that may deeply modify their biological activities and conformations and allow them to acquire new and, sometimes, unexpected abilities. The flavonoid phloretin has several pharmacological properties that are starting to be elucidated, one of which is the well-known inhibition of glucose transport. METHODS The interactions of phloretin to human serum albumin have been investigated by fluorescence, UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy, native electrophoresis, protein ligand docking studies, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Spectroscopic investigations suggest that the flavonoid binds to human serum albumin inducing a decrease in α-helix structures as shown by deconvolution of FTIR Amide I' band. Fluorescence and displacement studies highlight modifications of environment around Trp214 with the primary binding site located in the Sudlow's site I. In the hydrophobic cavity of subdomain IIA, molecular modeling studies suggest that phloretin is in non-planar conformation and hydrogen-bonded with Ser202 and Ser454. These changes make HSA able to withstand protein degradation due to HCLO and fibrillation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our work aims to open new perspectives as far as the binding of flavonoids to HSA are concern and shows as the properties of both compounds can be remarkable modified after the complex formation, resulting, for instance, in a protein structure much more resistant to oxidation and fibrillation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life" Guest Editor: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina. Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina. Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina. Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Calandra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00015 Roma, Italy
| | - Mikhail A Kiselev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Ulica Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow 141980, Russia
| | - Domenico Lombardo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina. Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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